Organotin compounds containing fluorine useful for forming fluorine-doped tin oxide coating
BACKGROUND ON THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to organotin compounds containing fluorine which are useful in forming fluorine-doped tin oxide coatings. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     The following are prior art references which describe compounds related to those of the present invention, which, however, do not have the attributes required to form liquid coating compositions for chemical vapor deposition. 
     Menke, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,759,743, described the preparation of non-halogenated organotin trifluoroacetates, and compositions thereof in organic solvents, such as methyl ethyl ketone, for making fluorine-doped tin-oxide coatings by the spray solution method. These precursors, however, have a low volatility and are unsuitable for the more advantageous chemical vapor deposition process where no solvent is added. 
     Wang and Shreeve, in Chemical Communications (1970) page 151, and J. Organomet. Chem. 38 (1972) page 287, describe the preparation of dialkylchlorotin trifluoroacetates. Such compounds, unfortunately, are solids which cannot be used in chemical vapor deposition process. 
     Bost, et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,093,636, describes related non-fluorinated organotin compounds, which cannot be used to provide fluorine-doped tin oxide coatings. 
     Plum, et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,374,778, discloses fluoroorganotin compounds in which the fluorine atom is bonded directly to the tin atom. 
     Franz, et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 4,254,046, disclose dialkyltin difluorides for powder deposition of fluorine-doped tin oxide coatings. 
     Thompson in French Pat. No. 1,400,314 describes mono, di- and trialkyltin trifluoroacetates and their preparation. 
     Liberte, Reiff and Davidsohn, in Organic Preparation and Procedures 1 (3) 173-176 (1969), describe the preparation of dialkyltin polyfluoro carboxylates. 
     An article in J. Organomet. Chem., (3) 151 (1970), describes a dialkylchlorotin trifluoromethyl acetate. 
     J. Organomet. Chem. 3972 (1971) describes trialkyltin perfluoroalkyl oxides. 
     These references do not disclose an organotin precursor useful for chemical vapor deposition particularly from a liquid coating composition. Moreover, the references do not disclose an organotin compound which has a monoalkyl or related substituent and at least one chlorine atom attached directly to the tin atom, and at least one trifluoromethyl-containing constituent. 
     Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide new and improved organotin compounds which may be used directly to form fluorine doped tin oxide coatings having a low sheet resistance. 
     Another object herein is to provide such compounds which may be used to prepare fluorine-doped tin oxide coatings such as by the chemical vapor deposition method. 
     Still another object herein is to prepare monoalkylchlorotin trifluoracetates and related compounds which can be used advantageously in liquid coating compositions for chemical vapor deposition of fluorine-doped tin oxide coatings. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The organo compounds containing fluorine of the invention have the general formula: ##STR1## where R=alkyl, C 1  -C 6  ; aryl; or carbalkoxyalkyl; 
     a=0, 1; 
     b=1, 2, 3; 
     c=0, 1; 
     d=0, 1; 
     e=0-2; 
     f=1, 2; 
     and 
     n=1-6; 
     a+b+c+d=4. 
     Table I below summarizes compounds of the invention within the general formula for each case of a, b, c, f, d, e and n in such formula. The reactants used in preparing such compounds also are given therein. 
     
                                           TABLE 1                                 
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                                      Starting Materials                  
No.                                                                       
   a b c f d e n   Compound           Organotin Cmpd. Fluorine            
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                                                      Cmpd.               
 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 2   R--Sn (Cl)[OC.sub.2 F.sub.5 ].sub.2                    
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 2 --OC.sub.2      
                                      F.sub.5                             
 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 4   R--Sn (Cl)[OC.sub.4 F.sub.9 ].sub.2                    
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 2 --OC.sub.4      
                                      F.sub.9                             
 3 1 1 0 2 1 0 1   R--Sn (Cl)[OCOCF.sub.3 ].sub.2                         
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 2 --OCOCF.sub.3   
 4 1 1 0 2 1 0 2   R--Sn (Cl)[OCOC.sub.2 F.sub.5 ].sub.2                  
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 2 --OCOC.sub.2    
                                      F.sub.5                             
 5 1 1 0 2 1 0 4   R--Sn (Cl)[OCOC.sub.4 F.sub.9 ].sub.2                  
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 2 --OCOC.sub.4    
                                      F.sub.9                             
 6 1 1 0 2 0 2 4   R--Sn (Cl)[OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9 ].sub.2  
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 2 --OCH.sub.2     
                                      CH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9            
 7 1 1 0 2 1 1 4   R--Sn (Cl)[OCOCH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9 ].sub.2         
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 2 --OCOCH.sub.2   
                                      C.sub.4 F.sub.9                     
 8 1 1 1 1 0 0 2   R--Sn (Cl)(OCOCH.sub.3)[OC.sub.2 F.sub.5               
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 1 --OC.sub.2      
                                      F.sub.5         + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
 9 1 1 1 1 0 0 4   R--Sn (Cl)(OCOCH.sub.3)[OC.sub.4 F.sub.9 ]             
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 1 --OC.sub.4      
                                      F.sub.9         + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
10 1 1 1 1 0 0 1   R--Sn (Cl)(OCOCH.sub.3)[OCOCF.sub.3 ]                  
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 1                 
                                                      + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
11 1 1 1 1 1 0 2   R--Sn (Cl)(OCOCH.sub.3)[OCOC.sub. 2 F.sub.5 ]          
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 1 --OCOC.sub.2    
                                      F.sub.5         + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
12 1 1 1 1 1 0 4   R--Sn (Cl)(OCOCH.sub.3)[OCOC.sub.4 F.sub.9 ]           
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 1 --OCOC.sub.4    
                                      F.sub.9         + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
13 1 1 1 1 0 2 4   R--Sn (Cl)(OCOCH.sub.3)[OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C.sub.4     
                   F.sub.9            1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 1 --OCH.sub.2     
                                      CH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9            
                                                      + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
14 1 1 1 1 1 1 4   R--Sn (Cl)(OCOCH.sub.3 [OCOCH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9    
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 1 --OCOCH.sub.2   
                                      C.sub.4 F.sub.9 + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
15 1 2 0 1 0 0 2   R--Sn(Cl).sub.2 [OC.sub.2 F.sub.5)                     
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 1 --OC.sub.2      
                                      F.sub.5                             
16 1 2 0 1 0 0 4   R--Sn(Cl).sub.2 [OC.sub.4 F.sub.9)                     
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3  + 1 --OC.sub.4     
                                      F.sub.9                             
17 1 2 0 1 0 0 1   R--Sn(Cl).sub.2 [OCOCF.sub.3)                          
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 1 --OCOCF.sub.3   
18 1 2 0 1 0 0 2   R--Sn(Cl).sub.2 [OCOC.sub.2 F.sub.5)                   
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 1 --OCOC.sub.2    
                                      F.sub.5                             
19 1 2 0 1 0 0 4   R--Sn(Cl).sub.2 [OCOC.sub.4 F.sub.9)                   
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 1 --OCOC.sub.4    
                                      F.sub.9                             
20 1 2 0 1 0 2 4   R--Sn(Cl).sub.2 [OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9)   
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 1 --OCH.sub.2     
                                      CH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9            
21 1 2 0 1 0 1 4   R--Sn(Cl).sub.2 [OCOCH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9)          
                                      1 R--SnCl.sub.3 + 1 --OCOCH.sub.2   
                                      C.sub.4 F.sub.9                     
22 0 3 0 1 0 0 2   (Cl).sub.3 --Sn[OC.sub.2 F.sub.5 ]                     
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OC.sub.2 F.sub.5 
23 0 3 0 1 0 0 4   (Cl).sub.3 --Sn[OC.sub.4 F.sub.9 ]                     
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OC.sub.4 F.sub.9 
24 0 3 0 1 1 0 1   (Cl).sub.3 --Sn[OCOCF.sub.3 ]                          
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OCOCF.sub.5      
25 0 3 0 1 1 0 2   (Cl).sub.3 --Sn[OCOC.sub.2 F.sub.5 ]                   
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OCOC.sub.2       
                                      F.sub.5                             
26 0 3 0 1 1 0 4   (Cl).sub.3 --Sn[OCOC.sub.4 F.sub.9 ]                   
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OCOC.sub.4       
                                      F.sub.9                             
27 0 3 0 1 0 2 4   (Cl).sub.3 --Sn[OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9     
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OCH.sub.2        
                                      CH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9            
28 0 3 0 1 1 1 4   (Cl).sub.3 --Sn[OCOCH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9)           
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OCOCH.sub.2      
                                      C.sub.4 F.sub.9                     
29 0 2 0 2 0 0 2   (Cl).sub.2 --Sn[OC.sub.2 F.sub.5 ] .sub.2              
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OC.sub.2 F.sub.5 
30 0 2 0 2 0 0 4   (Cl).sub.2 --Sn[OC.sub.2 F.sub.5 ].sub.2 ]             
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OC.sub.4 F.sub.9 
31 0 2 0 2 1 0 1   (Cl).sub.2 --Sn[OCOCF.sub.3 ].sub.2                    
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 2 --OCOCF.sub.3      
32 0 2 0 2 1 0 2   (Cl).sub.2 --Sn[OCOC.sub.2 F.sub.5 ].sub.2             
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 2 --OCOC.sub.2       
                                      F.sub.5                             
33 0 2 0 2 1 0 4   (Cl).sub.2 --Sn[OCOC.sub.4 F.sub.9 ].sub.2             
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 2 --OCOC.sub.4       
                                      F.sub.9                             
34 0 2 0 2 0 2 4   (Cl).sub.2 --Sn[OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9).sub
                   .2                 1 SnCl.sub.4 + 2 --OCH.sub.2        
                                      CH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9            
35 0 2 0 2 1 1 4   (Cl).sub.2 --Sn[OCOCH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9).sub.2     
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 2 --OCOCH.sub.2      
                                      C.sub.4 F.sub.9                     
36 0 2 1 1 0 0 2   (Cl).sub.2 --Sn[OCOCH.sub.3) [OC.sub.2 F.sub.5         
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OC.sub.2         
                                                      + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
37 0 2 1 1 0 0 4   (Cl).sub.2 --Sn(OCOCH.sub.3) [OC.sub.4 F.sub.9         
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OC.sub.4         
                                                      + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
38 0 2 1 1 1 0 1   (Cl).sub.2 --Sn(OCOCH.sub.3) [OCOCF.sub.3 ]            
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OCOCF.sub.3      
                                                      + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
39 0 2 1 1 1 0 2   (Cl).sub.2 --Sn(OCOCH.sub.3) [OCOC.sub.2 F.sub.5       
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OCOC.sub.2       
                                      F.sub.5         + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
40 0 2 1 1 1 0 4   (Cl).sub.2 --Sn(OCOCH.sub.3) [OCOC.sub.4 F.sub.9       
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OCOC.sub.4       
                                      F.sub.9         + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
41 0 2 1 1 0 2 4   (Cl).sub.2 --Sn(OCOCH.sub.3) [OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2       
                   C.sub.4 F.sub.9)   1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OCH.sub.2        
                                      CH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9            
                                                      + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
42 0 2 1 1 1 1 4   (Cl).sub.2 --Sn(OCOCH.sub.3) [OCOCH.sub.2 C.sub.4      
                   F.sub.9)           1 SnCl.sub.4 + 1 --OCOCH.sub.2      
                                      C.sub.4 F.sub.9 + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
43 0 1 1 2 0 0 2   Cl--Sn(OCOCH.sub.3) [OC.sub.2 F.sub.5 ].sub.2          
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 2 --OC.sub.2         
                                                      + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
44 0 1 1 2 0 0 4   Cl--Sn(OCOCH.sub.3) [OC.sub.4 F.sub.9 ].sub.2          
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 2 --OC.sub.4         
                                                      + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
45 0 1 1 2 0 0 1   Cl--Sn(OCOCH.sub.3) [OCOCF.sub.3 ].sub.2               
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 2 --OCOCF.sub.3      
                                                      + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
46 0 1 1 2 0 0 2   Cl--Sn(OCOCH.sub.3) [OCOC.sub.2 F.sub.5 ].sub.2        
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 2 --OCOC.sub.2       
                                      F.sub.5         + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
47 0 1 1 2 0 0 4   Cl--Sn(OCOCH.sub.3) [OCOC.sub.4 F.sub.9 ].sub.2        
                                      1 SnCl.sub.4 + 2 --OCOC.sub.4       
                                      F.sub.9         + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
48 0 1 1 2 0 2 4   Cl--Sn(OCOCH.sub.3) [OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C.sub.4        
                   F.sub.9 ].sub.2    1 SnCl.sub.4 + 2 --OCH.sub.2        
                                      CH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9            
                                                      + 1 --OCOCH.sub.3   
49 0 1 1 2 0 1 4   Cl--Sn(OCOCH.sub.3) [OCOCH.sub.2 C.sub.4 F.sub.9       
                   ].sub.2            1 SnCl.sub.4 + 2 --OCOCH.sub.2      
                                      C.sub.4 F.sub.9 + 1                 
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                                                      --OCOCH.sub.3       
 
    
     Accordingly, the preferred compounds of the invention include: 
     
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Compound      Formula                                                     
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1.  Butyldichlorotin                                                      
                  C.sub.4 H.sub.9 Cl.sub.2 SnOCOCF.sub.3                  
    trifluoroacetate                                                      
2.  Butylchlorotin                                                        
                  C.sub.4 H.sub.9 ClSn(OCOCF.sub.3).sub.2                 
    bis (trifluoroacetate)                                                
3.  Butylchlorotin                                                        
                  C.sub.4 H.sub.9 ClSn(OCOCH.sub.3)(OCOCF.sub.3)          
    Acetate                                                               
    trifluoroacetate                                                      
4.  Carbethoxyethyl-                                                      
                  CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 OCOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2         
                  SnOCOCF.sub.3                                           
    dichlorotin                                                           
    trifluoroacetate                                                      
5.  Butyldichlorotin                                                      
                  C.sub.4 H.sub.9 Cl.sub.2 SnOCH.sub.2 CF.sub.3           
    trifluoroethoxide                                                     
6.  Trichlorotin  SnCl.sub.3 OCOCF.sub.3                                  
    trifluoroacetate                                                      
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     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The compounds of the invention may be prepared as described below. 
     General Reaction Process 
     
         R.sub.a SnCl.sub.b+1 (OCOCH.sub.3).sub.c +[0(CO).sub.d (CH.sub.2).sub.═ (C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1)].sub.f M.sup.+  reflux RaSnCl.sub.b (OCOCH.sub.3).sub.c [0(C0).sub.d (CH.sub.2).sub.═ (C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1)].sub.f +M.sup.+ Cl.sup.- 
    
     where M +  is a cation. 
     The term &#34;alkyl&#34; as used herein includes straight and branched chain alkyl groups which have from one to six carbon atoms. 
     The term &#34;organotin&#34; compound as used herein includes tin tetrachloride. 
     Accordingly, representative organotin reactants used in preparing the compounds of the invention include monobutyltin trichloride, isobutylin trichloride, methyltin trichloride, dibutyltin dichloride, diisobutyltin dichloride, di-t-butyltin dichloride, butyldichlorotin acetate and carbethoxyethyltin trichloride; and tin tetrachloride. 
     The fluorine reactant has a trifluoromethyl group located alpha or beta to a functional group where carbon is bonded to oxygen, selected from carboxylic acid, anhydride, acid halide or alcohol. 
     Accordingly, suitable fluorine reactants include the following: 
     Carboxylic acids 
     trifluoroacetic acid 
     chlorodifluoroacetic acid 
     difluoroacetic acid 
     heptafluorobutyric acid 
     pentafluoropropionic acid 
     3-trifluoromethylcrotonic acid 
     nonafluoropentanoic acid 
     Anhydrides 
     trifluoroacetic anhydride 
     heptafluorobutyric anhydride 
     pentafluoropropionic anhydride 
     chlorodifluoroacetic anhydride 
     perfluoroglutaric anhydride 
     perfluorosuccinic anhydride 
     Acid Halides 
     heptafluorobutyryl chloride 
     perfluoroglutaryl fluoride 
     perfluoroctanoyl chloride 
     perfluorosuccinyl chloride 
     Alcohols 
     2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 
     1H,1H-heptafluorobutanol-1 
     3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoropentanol-2 
     heptafluoroisopropanol 
     hexafluoro-2-methylisopropanol 
     1H,1H,5H-octafluoro-1-pentanol 
     perfluoro-t-butanol 
     2-trifluoromethylpropanol-2 
     1,1,1-trifluoropropanol-2 
     perfluoroethanol 
     In the preferred embodiment of the invention, monobutyltin trichloride is reacted with a salt of trifluoroacetic acid to form butyldichlorotin trifluoroacetate. 
     The invention will be illustrated by the following examples. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Reaction Product of Monobutyltin Trichloride and Trifluoroacetic Acid-Preparation of Monobutyldichlorotin Trifluoroacetate 
     
         C.sub.4 H.sub.9 SnCl.sub.3 +CF.sub.3 CO-OK→C.sub.4 H.sub.9 Cl.sub.2 SnOCOCF.sub.3 +KCl 
    
     A. A reaction mixture of monobutyltin trichloride, (MBTC) (8.46 g, 0.03 moles, 71.2 wt.%), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (3.42 g, 0.03 moles, 28.8 wt.%), KOH (2.08 g., 0.03 moles), 15 ml. H 2  O, 50 ml. ether, 50 ml. methylethyl ketone (MEK) and 0.1 g. of C 16  H 33  (CH 3 ) 3  N +  Br -   as phase transfer catalyst (N +  Br - ) was prepared by dissolving the KOH in water, and adding TFA; separately charging the MBTC, ether and MEK, and adding the N +  Br -  : thereafter adding the second solution to the first solution; heating to reflux while stirring under a nitrogen blanket, and refluxing at 48° C. for 2 hours. 
     After standing overnight, water and organic phases formed; the water phase was a clear, colorless lower layer, and the organic phase was a clear, yellow upper layer. The organic layer was concentrated and the residue placed in a vacuum dessicator overnight. The yield was 9.60 g. of brown, viscous liquid monobutyldichloro trifluoroacetate (89% yield). Anal. Sn 33%, 36% actual; Cl. 20%, 21% actual. 
     B. A reaction mixture of monobutyltin trichloride (200 g., 0.7 moles) and the sodium salt of trifluoroacetic acid (10 g., 0.07 moles) were heated at 70° C. for 3 hours and allowed to stand overnight at room temperature. The sodium chloride by-product and unreacted sodium salt were filtered. A liquid coating composition of about 12 wt.% monobutyldichlorotin trifluoroacetate and 88 wt% monobutyltin trichloride was produced in situ. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Reaction Product of Monophenyldichlorotin Trichloride and Trifluoroacetic Acid Preparation of Monophenyldichlorotin Trifluoroacetate 
     A reaction mixture of monophenyltintrichloride (9.0 g., 0.03 moles) and the sodium salt of trifluoroacetic acid (3.42 g., 0.03 moles) was prepared as in Example 1 and refluxed for 2 hours to yield 81% of the desired product. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     The experiment of Example 2 was repeated using the ammonium salt of trifluoroacetic acid with similar results. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Preparation of Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Coatings 
     The liquid coating composition of Example 1B was used for preparing fluorine-doped tin oxide coating on glass by chemical vapor deposition. Transparent, haze-free coatings of a thickness of 200 nm were obtained in 2 seconds deposition time at 650° C. in a water-containing air atmosphere. The sheet resistance was about 40 ohms per square; the infrared reflectivity was greater than 70% at 10 microns, and the visible light tranmission was greater than 70%.