Coin sorter
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 872,629, filed on June 9, 1986, now abandoned which in turn is a continuation of application Ser. No. 561,722, filed on Dec. 14, 1983 and now abandoned. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates generally to coin handling equipment, and particularly to a high-speed coin sorter. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     Prior U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,086,928 and 4,098,280 illustrate what the applicant regards as the most pertinent prior art. In both instances, these patents disclose coin sorters which employ annular sorting heads positioned over and adjacent to a rotating disc having a resilient pad, coins being introduced through a central opening in the sorting head. The underside of the sorting head is configured to effect a single file of coins which spirals outward to a radial position where, in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 4,086,928, an inner facing edge of a peripheral guide on the disc causes the outer edge of coins to be referenced at a discrete radial position. In the case of U.S. Pat. No. 4,098,280, the peripheral guide is moved on the head. Beyond the peripheral guide, the coins are rotated to circumferentially spaced coin sorting devices. In the case of U.S. Pat. No. 4,086,928, these devices consist of a series of wheels which are positioned to press down on the inner edges of coins, passing them into the resilient disc. When this is done, the outer edge of a coin rises, and it is flung over the edge of the peripheral guide at the circumferential point where that wheel is located. Each of the sorting wheels is located at a different radial position, each being adapted to engage the inner edge of a particular diameter coin and thus cause it to be flung outward at the particular location of that wheel. Logically, the first of the wheel depressors is positioned at the shortest radial position in order to engage the largest of the coins to be sorted. The other depressing wheels are positioned at progressively longer radial positions to thereby progressively sort smaller coins. 
     The system of U.S. Pat. No. 4,098,280 employs a quite different type of sorting devices, these consisting of a series of recesses spaced around the periphery of the sorter, and wherein each has an inner edge located at a different discrete radial position and each recess functions to release a coin from radial retention. Since, as in the case of the sorter of the first patent, the coins have their outer edges indexed to a common reference, a discrete one of the recesses is positionable to free a discrete size coin and enable it to be released and discharged by centrifugal force at a discrete circumferential position. Thus, sorting occurs in a reverse order to that of the system of the first patent in that the smallest coin is intercepted and sorted first. Both of the sorters have gained wide acceptance and are at this time the only two types of really high-speed (in excess of 3,500 coins per minute) coin sorters on the market. 
     It has been determined that there are two aspects of these prior art sorters which, if corrected or improved, would provide a materially improved coin sorter. The first one deals with the interruption or stopping of the machine while there are coins in the machine. When this is done, neither of the existing machines can accurately resume operation. A second feature of the two sorters, particularly with respect to the first of them, is that of criticality of adjustment of the proximity of the sorting head to the rotating disc. 
     The applicant has considered these, and it is the object of the present invention to provide a new and improved high-speed coin sorter in which the sorting of a batch of coins can be interrupted without inaccuracy in sorting or counting of discrete denominations of coins and at the same time increase the tolerance of adjustment of the sorting head. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with this invention, an annular guide plate is positioned closely adjacent to a rotating circular coin carrying disc having a resilient, generally flat, horizontal surface. A guide plate is configured with a complex surface or recesses and with edges which direct the movement of coins from the center of the guide plate to circumferentially spaced coin ejection assemblies about the periphery of the guide plate. A first recess forms coins in a single file and directs the coins outward in a spiral. Thereafter, the recess of reduced depth radially captures coins, and an outer facing edge of this recess urges the inner edge of coins outward to a fixed radial, reference, position. No peripheral limit is employed, and thus the outer edge of each coin is positioned at a radial position which is a function of the diameter of that coin. The coins are then rotated at this radial position wherein the inner edge of coins of all diameters retains a fixed radial position through a series of selected coin ejection assemblies. These ejection assemblies progressively intercept the largest to the smallest diameter of coins and remove them from the disc at discrete spaced positions around the disc. Each of these ejection assemblies includes an outwardly extending tapered slot which extends across the path of the inner diameter edge of coins. These slots are all at essentially the same radial position and are configured such that a coin lying flat on the resilient surface of the disc will pass over the slots. Sorting is effected by a series of coin depressors, one outboard of each slot, which depress the outer edge of different size coins, with the result that the resilient disc causes the inner edge of a coin to rise into a slot. When this occurs, the rotational force of the disc on that coin will force it outward as guided by the slot. Each coin depressor is spaced from a slot to intercept and depress one discrete size coin and cause it to be ejected at a discrete radial position and thereby be sorted. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of the basic configuration of an embodiment of the invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a bottom view of a guide plate of the invention which controls the movement of coins. 
     FIG. 3 is a pictorial view of the underside of the guide plate. 
     FIG. 4 is a pictorial view like that of FIG. 3 except that there is added an illustration of the movement of coins with respect to the guide plate lines of FIG. 2. 
     FIGS. 5-12 are sectional views taken along like numbered lines of FIG. 2. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Referring initially to FIG. 1, basically, sorter 10 employs a resilient disc in the form of pad 12 of an elastomer construction rotated on and by a turntable 14 driven by motor 16 via belt 17. A hopper 18 (partially broken away) is positioned about an opening 20 in guide plate 22, and coins to be sorted are inserted through this hopper. Guide plate 22 is supported, by means not shown, at a selected spacing with respect to pad 12, typically 0.005 to 0.010 inch. A centrally positioned hub 24 extends through an opening (not shown) in pad 12 and is conventionally secured as by a threaded connection to turntable 14. Hub 24 has a tapered surface which functions to direct coins in an off-center direction so that there will always be some centrifugal force tending to cause coins to move outward toward guide plate 22. 
     Referring now additionally to FIGS. 2-12, the underside of guide plate 22 is configured to guide coins rotated by pad 12 to move in the direction of the arrow (FIGS. 2, 3 and 4) in a circular and then spiral path outward within an inner positioned recess 34 which overall is oval in configuration and has an inner guide, or guide edge 30, which extends around it. The coins are moved, as illustrated by coins 26, outward by centrifugal force; and, as illustrated by coins 28, are moved in a path governed by tapered inner facing edge 30 of recess 34, this recess having, in general, a depth on the order of 0.005 to 0.010 inch deeper than the thickest coin to be sorted. Thus, the coins are free on the top surface of recess 34. The first part of their travel is generally circular from point 38 to point 40 and during it the coins are formed in a single file. 
     At approximately point 40 (FIG. 3), edge 30 of central portion 35 of recess 34 transitions, in a recess portion 44, from being circular to a spiral, and thereafter coins are moved outward, along edge 42, by the combination of circular movement of pad 12 and centrifugal force. Recess region 44 may be of the same depth or slightly shallower than other portions of recess 34, the latter being the case where the thickness of the thickest coin to be sorted is greater than the thickness of two of the thinnest coins to be sorted. In all cases, the depth would be slightly less than the thickness of the two thinnest coins to be sorted, typically 0.010 to 0.020 inch less in depth. Where it is necessary to provide reduced depth, there would be a gradual transition or slight ramp downward between central portion 35 of recess 34 and recess region or portion 44 and downwardly between recess region 44 and region 67 (the transition being in the region between the spaced dashed lines), with reference to a counterclockwise direction of FIG. 3. This dimension in recess portion 44 is required in order to separate two thin coins, such as illustrated by coins 50 and 52 (FIG. 4), when they have assumed a position where one coin is on top of the other, as shown. 
     Separation is effected by a guide 54 (FIGS. 6 and 7) as follows. With the depth of recess region 44 less than the thickness of the two piggyback coins 50 and 52, the bottom coin 50 would be frictionally engaged by pad 12 (FIG. 1) and moved over an upper tapered portion 60 (FIGS. 2 and 6) of guide edge 58 in a circle as indicated by the path of this coin as depicted by dashed line positions of this coin, the first position being indicated by the suffix &#34;a.&#34; Thereafter, as shown with coin position suffix &#34;b,&#34; the coin has moved back into recess 34. Finally, as shown by coin position suffix &#34;c,&#34; the coin is free of compression in recess 34, enabling it to be simply recirculated around on pad 12. The upper of the coins, coin 52, is restrained by an upper flat portion 63 (FIG. 6) of edge 58 of guide 54, and this coin passes outboard of guide 54. Guide 54 fully tapers (FIG. 7) at point 61 from recess 44 to the bottom surface 65 of guide 64 such that a coin striking this point simply rides over guide 54 and is recirculated. 
     Recess portion 44 also forms a restricted passageway for a single file of small coins, for example, pennies and dimes of U.S. coinage. This passageway is formed between outward projection 62 of guide 54 and edge 64 of recess 44. Edge 30 and its extension 64 are both tapered as shown in FIGS. 5 and 8, this taper effecting a wedging action of coins to prevent bounce. 
     Larger coins (e.g., a nickel, quarter, Susan B. Anthony dollar, or half dollar), such as illustrated by coin 66 (FIG. 4) actually cartwheel outward into recessed area 68 and thereby move around guide edge 62 until they are moved circularly beyond recess portion 44 (FIG. 3) of recess 34 where they are free to move outwardly by centrifugal force. Recess 68 (FIG. 8) is of less depth than recess 34 (or recess portion 44). As a result, the larger coins are actually captured by pad 12 and rotated by it. The outer edge region 69 of guide 54 lies generally in a fixed radial configuration in order to enable a sufficiently large area of recess 34 to accommodate free movement of coins by centrifugal force. As a result, the larger coins, and, of course, the smaller ones also, move outward along spiralling edge 42 to a generally circular edge 72, as illustrated by coin 71. 
     In the event that a coin is, for some reason, on top of another coin within area 67 of recess 34, edge 78 (FIG. 9) of guide 54, having an upper straight edge region 72 and lower tapered edge 77, will effect a separation of the coins, causing the lower of the coins to be moved over guide 54 as described for the separation and movement of coins 50 and 52. Edge 78 breaks up any jams that may form between coins, as by doubling, and captures any coins moved against edge 78 and causes them to be recirculated back into recess 34 for reforming in a single file. 
     Freely moving coins finally form in a single file, as illustrated by coin 75, and are rotated by pad 12 to a position where they engage downwardly extending ramp 76 (FIG. 10) and illustrated by the position of coin 75. As a result, ramp 76 effects a depression of coins into pad 12. In this manner, coins are captured at their then radial position (FIG. 4). Dashed line 80 indicates a maximum diameter circular path along which coins may progress, as shown by coins 82, 84, 86 and 88. This path may be inward somewhat depending upon where the coins are captured by ramp 76. 
     Coins are next rotated into a tapered recess 90, the contour of which is illustrated in FIG. 11. Most significantly, recess 90 is tapered upward and inward and includes outwardly curving coin positioning edge 92. Coins 94, 96, 98 and 100 are shown as being within recess 90 along the circular path of dashed line 80 until, as indicated by coin 100, this coin is rotated to a position where its inner edge engages edge 92 of recess 90. When this occurs, a coin 100 is urged outward along edge 92 to point 101 where edge 92 merges into ramp 103. Ramp 103 is configured like ramp 76 shown in FIG. 10, and this functions to urge a coin downward, as would be the case for coin 104. Thereafter, coins are rotated with their inner edge radially referenced to this point. Dashed line 106 illustrates this path of rotation, and coin 108 illustrates a coin following it. Significantly, this means that the outer edges of the coins traverse a circular path which is uniquely determined by their diameter. It follows that a circular path of the outer edge of a half dollar is at a larger radius of rotation than smaller diameter coins. 
     Next, the coins, referenced as described, are rotated through a peripheral area from point 110 to point 112 containing a plurality of coin ejection assemblies which are each distinctively configured to eject a discrete diameter of coin, the largest being ejected first. In accordance with U.S. coinage, ejection assembly 114 is adapted to eject half dollars, assembly 118 to eject quarters, assembly 120 to eject nickels, assembly 122 to eject pennies, and assembly 124 to eject dimes. Each assembly includes a beveled slot, these being slots S1-S6, and each intersects dashed line 106, marking the rotational path of the inner edge of a coin, and which is the same for all coins. The slots extend in an outward direction and wherein the line of direction bears an angle with respect to a radial line in the approximate range of from 70° to 90°. Slot S1 is illustrated in FIG. 12, it having a sloping base region 110 of a slope of approximately 30°, an inner edge indexing wall 112, and a small and downward sloped region 114, the latter having a maximum depth of approximately 0.009 inch and being of a slope of approximately 5°. All of the slots are alike to the extent of their radial position, and, in general, their angular orientations are alike with respect to dashed line 106. Slots S1-S6 do not have a selective effect on coins and, in fact, they are configured such that, unless a coin is particularly raised into a slot, as will be described, that coin will simply pass over a slot. 
     Coin sorting is effected by selective lateral ejection at discrete circumferential positions around guide plate 22 and is effected by a series of ramp-shaped depressors D1-D6 which, in this embodiment, are attached within a series of recesses R1-R6 extending around guide plate 22. Wall regions W1-W5 (FIG. 3) separate recesses R1-R6, and a coin facing edge of each forms an extension of a like facing edge of like numbers of slots S1-S5 which, in effect, extend edges of the slots our to the periphery of guide plate 22. An edge 130 of recess R6 provides a like extension of the coin engaging edge of slot S6. 
     Each of depressors D1-D6 are basically alike, and each extends outward generally parallel with a like numbered slot. However, each is uniquely radially positioned, and its inner edge is positioned to engage the outer diameter region of one size coin as that coin moves circularly around guide plate 22 with its inner edge along dashed line 106. When a coin is so engaged, its outer edge is pressed downward, generally outboard of pad 12, and resilient pad 12 presses the inner edge of that coin upward. When this occurs, the inner edge of the coin is captured by a slot, preventing continued circular motion, but, as a result of the circular force of the pad on the coin, the coin is forced along the direction of that slot outward and is thus ejected at a selected exit position E1-E6 (FIG. 1) around guide plate 22. As indicated above, the depressors are placed at different distances outboard of their associated slots, and thus a different distance outboard from dashed line 106, marking the travel of the inner edge of each coin. Depressor D1 has a maximum spacing from dashed line 106 and is adapted to intercept the largest diameter coin to be sorted, a half dollar, and progressively, depressors D2-D6 are arranged to intercept, in order, progressively smaller coins to be sorted; thus, Susan B. Anthony dollars, quarters, nickels, pennies and dimes, in that order, and exist at the numbered exit positions E1-E6. The radial distance from dashed line 106 (FIGS. 3 and 4) to the leading edge 140 of a depressor is approximately 0.015 inch less than the diameter of the coins to be intercepted. Coins 150, 152, 154 and 156 are shown passing uneffected over various slots pending their reaching a slot where their circular motion would be arrested by being lifted into a discrete slot as described. 
     Slots S1-S5 have sloped or beveled areas 114, shown in FIG. 12, and these are included to prevent the capture and premature ejection of a coin which is bent or has a ragged edge which might tend to be caught by a slot without having been forced into it by a coin depressor. This tapered region enables a generally flat coin, but one with a ragged edge, to ride over a slot until it is, in accordance with its diameter, depressed by one of the depressors into a slot. This tapered region is omitted in slot S6 as, in operation, slot 6 should eject the only coin reaching it, which would be the smallest coin being sorted regardless of its condition. 
     While operation has generally been described above, it will be reviewed. First, coins of different diameters to be sorted would be placed in hopper 18, and thus they would rest against pad 12. When motor 16 is started, pad 12 would rotate in the direction of the arrow, and coins would be moved by centrifugal force outward and in recess 34 where they basically form in a single file against guide edge 30. They would then be moved in the direction of the arrow outward where any doubled small coins, e.g., dimes, would be separated by the capturing of the lower one and moving it under guide 54. Smaller denomination coins, such as dimes and pennies, would pass outward of the guide within recess portion 44 and between guide 54 and guide edge 64. Larger coins would be enabled to pass by a reduced depth recessed area 68 within which the larger coins (e.g., coin 66) would effectively cartwheel outward and then be rotated back into the full depth recess of recess 67. Coins in recess 67 freely move outward by centrifugal force as in the case for coin 71. In case there exists in this recess doubled coins, one coin on top of the other, the coins would be separated by edge 78, enabling the lower of the coins to pass under edge 78. 
     A coin normally passing outward within recess 67 would be stopped by edge 72 and rotated under ramp 76 which would then effect a capturing of a coin, as would be the case with coin 75. Coins so captured, as in the case with preceding coins 82, 84, 86 and 88, would be rotated. Beyond point 170, the coins would pass under a recessed area 90. It is of less depth than recessed area 34, and thus coins would continue to be captured but would be readily susceptible to radial movement when engaged by edge 92 of recess 90. Outer movement would be effected by a coin, as on coins 100 and 104 by edge 92 until a coin, as shown by coin 104, is moved to an outer reference diameter, marked by dashed line 106. At this point, coins are depressed further downward by ramp 103 and fully captured by the lower surface of guide plate 22, as would be the case for coin 108. Coin 108 and coins which have preceded it would be intercepted by depressors D1-D6 as described, and whereby coins are ejected from the sorter, with the largest coin being ejected by ejector assembly 114 and the smallest by ejector assembly 124. 
     Coins are photoelectrically detected for discrete counting of each denomination by photosensors P1-P6 (FIG. 1) positioned on the top of guide plate 22 just above an opening, indicated by openings O1-O6 shown in FIG. 2. A series of lights L1-L4 (only four shown in FIG. 1), one under each opening, are supported on a frame (not shown) just outboard of pad 12; and when a coin passes across one of the openings, the light sensed by the photodetector is blocked. The condition of light or dark is provided by an output of the photosensors to coin counter 182, which is adapted to be responsive to the occurrence of a dark state for effecting a count. Counter 182 is otherwise conventional in that it would include an electrical counter operating responsive to each photosensor and electrically provide a count of coins passing a photocell. Counter 182 would also typically include computation means for computing the dollar (or other denominator) value coins of each denomination and the total value of all coins sorted and counted. The output of counter 182 would be fed to, and displayed on, a conventional digital display 184. 
     Additionally, means are provided to stop the sorting process when a selected number of coins of any denomination has been ejected or sorted, as may be the case for one of the sets of denominations of coins indicated by coins D and P as shown in FIG. 1. Further, stopping may be accomplished without error of sorting or counting of each batch of coins sorted even through the sorter is stopped between batches. Batch counting, that is, counting up to a selected number of coins in hopper 18 and stopping, is accomplished by means of a feature of coin counter 182. It would include conventional means for entering a selected count of a selected denomination of coins; and when that number has been accounted for, counter 182 would provide an electrical output, this output being fed to motor control 185. Motor control 185 would include circuit means for instantly applying a braking potential to motor 16 (an A.C. induction motor) in place of a running potential. One method of providing a braking potential is to provide a D.C. bias to motor 16. As one means of supplying a direct current stopping potential, a rectifier circuit would convert alternating current input into direct current, and this direct current would be used as a charging potential for a character. Upon a selected input to motor control 185, motor control 185 would switch the input of motor 16 from a conventional alternating current input to one where the capacitor is connected across the motor. This would enable a high inrush of direct current to motor 16 and quickly bring it to a halt. To assist this process, typically, the D.C charging circuit would be such as to provide on the order of 1/5 the normal running A.C. current in the form of direct current to the motor for a brief interval following the switching in of the capacitor. This further assures a rapid and resistant braking of motor 16. 
     The braking of motor 16 and thereby the interruption of the sorting process with coins still in hopper 18 is a particular feature of this invention inasmuch as in other high-speed coin sorters, it is not feasible inasmuch as it has not been previously possible to stop and then start the sorting process with accuracy. The present invention has overcome this problem, enabling any selected number of any selected denomination of coin to be dispensed, then the sorter restarted and any denomination be again accurately dispensed.