Displacement sensing device with two magnetoresistance element sections used independently
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to an improved measuring apparatus which includes magnetoresistance elements arranged opposite to a scale, such as a magnetic type rotary scale or a linear scale, and is adapted to measure a relative amount of movement between the scale and the magnetoresistance element array through the utilization of a variation in the resistive value of the magnetoresistance elements due to the effect of a magnetic pattern on the magnetic scale. 
     A measuring apparatus is known which measures the amount of rotation, movement, etc., of an object. This type of measuring apparatus has been utilized in various fields thanks to its high accuracy and, recently, it has been applied to the field of automatic control. The apparatus includes a magnetic pattern of a given pitch type and a sensor arranged opposite to the magnetic scale. With either the magnetic scale or sensor fixed, and the other connected to a moving object the measuring apparatus can measure the amount of movement of the object by electrically processing a signal which is obtained from the sensor when the object is moved. 
     In this case, magnetoresistance element sections include magnetoresistance elements arranged at a pitch corresponding to the pitch of the magnetic pattern on the magnetic scale. The measuring apparatus generates an electric signal corresponding to the amount of movement through the utilization of a variation in the resistive value of the magnetoresistance element due to the effect of the magnetic pattern on the magnetic scale. 
     In the above-mentioned measuring apparatus, the pitch of the magnetic pattern on the magnetic scale is determined in accordance with a resolution on measurement. The magnetoresistance elements of the sensor are arranged to have a pitch corresponding to the pitch of the magnetic pattern. That is, the pitch of the magnetic pattern must have a mutually corresponding relation to the pitch of the magnetoresistance elements. 
     For this reason, when a plurality of kinds of magnetic scales of different resolutions are to be used, it is necessary to prepare a plurality of kinds of sensors having magnetoresistance elements arranged at a pitch corresponding to the pitch of the magnetic pattern on the respective scale. This often results in a complex measuring operation. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is accordingly the object of this invention to provide a measuring apparatus including a plurality of magnetoresistance element sections of magnetoresistance elements with their pairs arranged in a mutually different pitch. When the plurality of magnetoresistance element sections are selectively used in accordance with the pitch of the magnetic pattern on a magnetic scale, the measuring apparatus can be applied to a plurality of kinds of magnetic scales on a single sensor by selectively using the plurality of magnetoresistance element sections in accordance with the pitch of the magnetic pattern on the magnetic scale. Thus, measurement can be performed with good operability. 
     According to this invention there is provided a measuring apparatus including a magnetic scale with a magnetic pattern of a given pitch, and a sensor located opposite to the magnetic scale and having a magnetoresistance element section with magnetoresistance elements arranged at a pitch corresponding to the pitch of the magnetic pattern, in which an electric signal corresponding to a relaitve amount of movement between the magnetic scale and the sensor is generated through the utilization of a variation in a resistive value of the magnetoresistance element due to the effect of the magnetic pattern on the magnetic scale. The sensor includes a plurality of magnetoresistance element sections having pairs of magnetoresistance elements arranged in a mutually different pitch. The magnetoresistance element sections are selectively used in accordance with the pitch of the magnetic pattern on the magnetic scale. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     A measuring apparatus according to one embodiment of this invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is an outer view showing the apparatus as applied to a rotary scale of a magnetic type; 
     FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a major part of the apparatus of this invention; and 
     FIGS. 3A to 3F are waveforms for explaining the operation of the apparatus of this invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     An apparatus of this invention as applied to a magnetic type rotary scale will be explained in more detail by referring to the accompanying drawings. In FIG. 1, a rotary scale 11 is adapted to be rotationally driven in interlock with a rotating body, not shown, to be measured as an amount of rotation. A magnetic pattern 12 of a given cycle or pitch is formed on the outer periphery of the rotary scale 11. A sensor 13 is fixedly held opposite to the outer periphery of the rotary scale 11. 
     The sensor 13 includes, as shown in FIG. 2, a first magnetoresistance element section 14 and a second magnetoresistance element section 15. The first and second magnetoresistance sections 14 and 15 are formed as a ferromagnetic thin film on an insulating substrate 16, such as glass, by a sputtering or an evaporation method, with the use of Ni, Ni-Fe alloy, Co, etc. This process is followed by an etching process to form the pattern as shown in FIG. 2. 
     Now suppose that 2λ represents one cycle of the magnetic pattern 12 on the rotary scale 11. In this case, the first magnetoresistance element section 14 is formed such that magnetoresistance elements 17 and 18 of the pitch λ are arranged in a pair at an interval of λ/4. An A-phase signal (a sine wave signal) and B-phase signal (a cosine wave signal) of different cycles are output from the magnetoresistance elements 17 and 18, respectively. 
     On the other hand, the second magnetoresistance element section 15 is formed such that magnetoresistance elements 19 and 20 of a pitch λ/2 are arranged in a pair at an interval of λ/8. The A-phase signal (a sine wave signal) and B-phase signal (a cosine wave signal) of different cycles are output from the magnetoresistance elements 19 and 20, respectively. That is, the ratio between the pitch λ of the magnetoresistance elements 17 and 18 in the first magnetoresistance element section 14 and a pitch λ/2 of the magnetoresistance elements 19 and 20 in the second magnetoresistance element section 15 has an integer progression relation (a two-fold relation in this embodiment). For this reason, a resolution of a meaurement on the second magnetoresistance element section 15 has a two-fold relation to a resolution of a measurement on the first magnetoresistance element section 14. 
     When the rotary scale 11 is rotated, a resistive value R between the terminals T1 and T2 in the magnetoresistance element 17 varies, as shown in FIG. 3A, due to the effect of the magnetic pattern 12. Similarly, a resistive value R between terminals T3 and T4 of the magnetoresistance element 17, resistive value R between terminals T5 and T6 of the magnetoresistance element 18 and resistive value R between terminals T7 and T8 of the magnetoresistance element 18 vary as shown in FIGS. 3B, 3C and 3D, respectively. 
     For this reason, when a voltage of a given level is applied between the terminals T1 and T4 of the magnetoresistance element 17, an A-phase signal of a voltage level V as shown in FIG. 3E which corresponds to the amount of rotation of the rotary scale 11 is generated between the terminals T3 and T4 of the magnetoresistance element 17. Similarly, when a voltage of a given level is applied between the terminals T5 and T8 of the magnetoresistance element 18, a B-phase signal of a voltage level V as shown in FIG. 3F which corresponds to an amount of rotation of the rotary scale 11 is generated between the terminals T7 and T8 of the magnetoresistance element 18. 
     When a voltage of a given level is applied between the terminals t1 and t4 of the magnetoresistance element 19, an A-phase signal is generated between the terminals t3 and t4 of the magnetoresistance element 19. Similarly, when a voltage of a given level is applied between terminals t5 and t8, a B-phase signal is generated between the terminals t7 and t8, assuming that the pitch λ represents one cycle of the magnetic pattern 12 on the rotary scale 11. 
     According to this invention, the sensor 13 can be applied to two types of rotary scales: one for the magnetic pattern of one cycle of 2λ and the other for the magnetic pattern of one cycle of λ. Since the magnetic pattern on the rotary scale is often formed at the pitch of 2λ, λ, λ/2, λ/4, . . . in an integral progression relation, the ratio between the pitch of the magnetoresistance elements 17 and 18 in the first magnetoresistance element section 14 and that of the magnetoresistance elements 19 and 20 in the second magnetoresistance element section 15 becomes more practical if it is made in an integral progression relation.