Vulcanizable compositions of fluoroelastomers having improved self-lubricating properties and a fast cure rate
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 688,903, filed Jan. 4, 1985 and now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In the course of the development of fluorinated elastomers, very precise requirements have been emphasized recently, namely the simultaneous attainment of the following goals: 
     1. An overall improvement in the rheological properties and the processability of the mixtures. 
     2. A decrease in the hardness of the mixtures (as compared with the Shore A value of 75 reported in Kirk Othmer--Third Edition (1980), Volume 8, page 509, as typical value for a fluoroelastomer). 
     3. The possibility of easily extruding products of complicated profile and also of substantial dimensions. 
     4. The obtaining of vulcanized products having improved properties of resistance to deformation under compression (improvement of the compression set). 
     5. An easily controllable cure rate. 
     Different types of plasticizing agents are already used in the art in order to obtain goals 1 to 3, they, however, generally giving rise to various drawbacks such as a worsening of the elastic properties, poorer heat resistance, and high values of the compression set. Better results have been obtained with the fluoroelastomer compositions in accordance with the applicant&#39;s European Pat. No. 23957; in that case, however, optimum characteristics limited to items 1-3 are obtained. 
     THE PRESENT INVENTION 
     With the fluoroelastomeric compositions of the present invention each and all of the goals from 1 to 5 indicated above are obtained. 
     The vulcanizable fluoroelastomeric compositions of the present invention are formed of: 
     (a) 100 parts by weight of a copolymer having a base of vinylidene fluoride (40 to 84 mol% and preferably 50 to 80 mol%), of perfluoropropene (15 to 30 mol% and preferably 20 to 25 mol%), and possibly also tetrafluorethylene (0 to 30 mol% and preferably 0 to 20 mol%); 
     (b) from 0.3 to 6 parts by weight of one or more compounds of the general formula R n  X in which n equals 2 or 3, X is a bivalent or trivalent group selected from phosphoric esters ##STR1## imino phosphoric esters ##STR2## phosphine oxide ##STR3## sulfoxide ##STR4## and sulfone ##STR5## and R is an alkyl, cycloakyl or aryl radical having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, two R groups being possibly attached to each other to form an alkylene bivalent radical; 
     (c) from 0.3 to 6 parts by weight of a polyhydroxy compound of the type known as vulcanizing agent for fluoroelastomers; 
     (d) from 0.2 to 4 parts by weight of an aminophosphine or phosphoraneamine compound of the type known as accelerating agent in the vulcanization of fluoroelastomers with the polyhydroxy compounds (c) described in the applicant&#39;s U.S. Pat. No. 4,259,463; 
     (e) from 1 to 20 parts by weight of one or more acid acceptors formed of metal oxides, hydrates or carbonates having a basic character, of the type known in the vulcanization of fluoroelastomers. 
     As compounds of group (b) which are particularly suitable for use mention may be made of dimethyl sulfoxide, bis(p. chlorophenyl) sulfone, bis(p. chlorophenyl) sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, cyclic tetramethylene sulfoxide, triphenylphosphine oxide and trioctyl phosphate. 
     As examples of compounds of group (c) which are suitable for use, mention may be made of hydroquinone, resorcinol, 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane or bisphenol AF, 2,2&#39;-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl) propane or bisphenol A. 
     As compounds of group (d), mention may be made of 1-chloro-1,1-diphenyl-2-benzyl-N diethyl phorphoraneamine, 1-bromo-1-phenyl-1-benzyl-N,N&#39;-tetramethyl-phorphoranediamine and N,N&#39;,N&#34;-hexamethyl-N&#39;&#34;(o-tolyl)-phorphorimido-triamide. 
     The fluoroelastomeric compounds of the present invention can be vulcanized by the customary operating techniques, comprising a first phase of press vulcanization at 160° to 190° C. for periods of time of 1 to 60 minutes and preferably 2 to 20 minutes, and a subsequent phase of additional moldless vulcanization of the shaped product in an oven at 140°-290° C. and preferably 200°-270° C., for periods of time of 5 to 48 hours and preferably 8 to 24 hours. 
    
    
     A few examples are indicated below by way of illustration, but not of limitation, of the possibilities of the reduction to practice of the present invention. 
     In the examples given in Tables 1 and 2 the following products were used: 
     Fluoroelastomer 1=copolymer CH 2  =CF 2  /C 3  F 6  in a molar ratio of 4:1, having a density of 1.816 at 25° C., known as Tecnoflon NM (a trademark of Montedison S.p.A.). 
     Fluorelastomer 2=terpolymer CH 2  =CF 2  /C 3  F 6  /C 2  F 4  in a molar ratio of 3:1:1, density 1.860 at 25° C., Mooney viscosity ML (1+4)=120° to 100° C. 
     Accelerator=1-chloro-1,1-diphenyl-1-benzyl-N-diethyl-phorphoraneamine. 
     
                                           TABLE 1                                 
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                   EXAMPLE                                                
                   1   2   3   4   5   6   7                              
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Elastomer 1 parts per weight                                              
                   100 100 100 100 100 100 100                            
Carbon black MT parts per weight                                          
                   30  30  30  30  30  30  30                             
MgO--DE parts per weight                                                  
                   3   3   3   3   3   3   3                              
Ca(OH).sub.2 parts per weight                                             
                   6   6   6   6   6   6   6                              
Bisphenol AF parts per weight                                             
                   2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2                            
Accelerator parts per weight                                              
                   0.45                                                   
                       0.45                                               
                           0.45                                           
                               0.45                                       
                                   0.45                                   
                                       0.45                               
                                           0.45                           
Tetramethylene sulfoxide parts per weight                                 
                   --  0.5 1.0 1.5 --  --  --                             
Bis(p. chlorophenyl)sulfone parts per                                     
                   --              0.5 1.0 1.5                            
weight                                                                    
O.D.R. at 180° C. arc ± 3°, 100 cap                      
Minimum torque lbs. inch.sup.(1)                                          
                   14  15  15  15  13  14  13                             
Torque at 12 minutes lbs. inch.sup.(1)                                    
                   143 151 149 152 1 7 148 152                            
T&#39;.sub.c (50) minutes                                                     
                   5.3 4.8 4.2 3.6 5.0 4.6 4.2                            
Cure rate.sup.(1) minutes.sup.-1                                          
                   32  34  45  52  34  36  40                             
VULCANIZATION: In press at 170° C. for 10 minutes, in oven at      
250° C. for 16 hours.                                              
Vulcanized product                                                        
Tensile strength (rupture load).sup.(2) M Pa                              
                   16.8                                                   
                       16.3                                               
                           15.8                                           
                               15.9                                       
                                   16.1                                   
                                       15.8                               
                                           15.0                           
Modulus.sup.(2) M Pa                                                      
                   8.7 9.2 9.9 9.6 8.5 9.0 9.5                            
Elongation upon rupture.sup.(2) %                                         
                   170 160 150 145 160 157 150                            
Shore A hardness.sup.(3) --                                               
                   75  74  73  71  74  74  73                             
Compression set on disks,                                                 
compression for 70 hours 200° C.                                   
(ASTM D395 method B): %                                                   
                   18  13  16  17  19  17  18                             
Extrudability test.sup.(4) Edge                                           
                   7   8   8   8   8   9   9                              
Surface            B   A   A   A   A   A   A                              
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 .sup.(1) ASTM D2084                                                      
 .sup.(2) ASTM D412                                                       
 .sup.(3) ASTM D1415                                                      
 .sup.(4) ASTM 2230 (Garvey A. FIG. 5)                                    
 
    
     
                                           TABLE 2                                 
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                   EXAMPLE                                                
                   8   9   10  11  12  13  14                             
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Elastomer 2 parts per weight                                              
                   100 100 100 100 100 --  --                             
Elastomer 1 parts per weight                                              
                   --  --  --  --  --  100 100                            
Carbon black MT parts per weight                                          
                   30  30  30  30  30  30  30                             
MgO parts per weight                                                      
                   3   3   3   3   3   3   3                              
Ca(OH).sub.2 parts per weight                                             
                   6   6   6   6   6   6   6                              
Bisphenol AF parts per weight                                             
                   1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.2                            
Accelerator parts per weight                                              
                   0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.45                               
                                           0.45                           
Tetramethylene sulfoxide parts per weight                                 
                   --  --  --  1.0 1.5 --  --                             
Triphenylphosphine oxide parts per                                        
                   --  1.0 1.5 --  --  1.0 1.5                            
weight                                                                    
O.D.R. at 180° C. arc = ±3°, 100 cap                     
Minimum torque lbs. inch.sup.(1)                                          
                   26  36  38  28  29  14  16                             
Torque lbs. inch.sup.(1)                                                  
                   128 120 112 122 114 148 140                            
T&#39;.sub.c (50) minutes                                                     
                   4.0 2.9 2.0 2.8 2.5 4.0 4.3                            
Cure rate.sup.(1) minutes.sup.-1                                          
                   37.0                                                   
                       38.5                                               
                           41.0                                           
                               39  39  42  38                             
VULCANIZATION: In press at 170° C. for 10 minutes, in oven at      
250° C. for 16 hours.                                              
Vulcanized product                                                        
Tensile strength (rupture load).sup.(2) M Pa                              
                   17  16.6                                               
                           16.0                                           
                               16.3                                       
                                   16.0                                   
                                       16.0                               
                                           16.4                           
Modulus.sup.(2) M Pa                                                      
                   6.0 6.5 6.8 6.4 7.0 9.0 9.3                            
Elongation upon rupture.sup.(2) %                                         
                   200 190 185 183 180 165 158                            
Shore A hardness.sup.(3)                                                  
                   76  74  72  74  73  74  73                             
Compression set on disks,                                                 
compression for 70 hours 200° C.                                   
(ASTM D395 method B): %                                                   
                   33  31  28  29  30  16  17                             
Extrudability test.sup.(4) Edge                                           
                   7   8   8   8   8   8   8                              
Surface            B   A   A   A   A   A   A                              
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 .sup.(1) ASTM D2084                                                      
 .sup.(2) ASTM D412                                                       
 .sup.(3) ASTM D1415                                                      
 .sup.(4) ASTM 2230 (Garvey A. FIG. 5)                                    
 
    
     The results of the tests set forth in Table 1 show that the compounds of the invention lead to an increase in a specific parameter of the speed of vulcanization such as the &#34;cure rate&#34; as compared with Example 1. At the same time, there is noted an improvement in the compression set and of the extrudability test as compared with Example 1. From the results of Table 2 which relates to a terpolymer, a similar improvement is noted in the compression set and in the extrudability, in addition to an improvement in the cure rate.