Aminoacylates of glycerol acetal
The invention relates to aminoacylates of glycerol acetal, to a process for their preparation and to therapeutic compositions containing them. 
     The invention provides aminoacylates of glycerol acetal of the general formula I ##STR3## wherein R 1  represents a substituted phenyl group or a group of the formula C m  H 2m+1 , m being an integer of from 9 to 25, 
     R 2  represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group or a group of the formula C n  H 2n+1 , n being an integer of from 1 to 10, 
     p is an integer of from 3 to 10, ##STR4##  represents a nitrogen containing heterocyclic group such as pyridinium, 3-thiazolinium, quinolinium, isoquinolinium, imidazolium and pyrazinium, and 
     X.sup.⊖ means the anion of a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid, halogen ion such as chlorine, bromine, iodine or anions of benzoic acid, acetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, tartaric acid. 
     The compounds of the invention are interesting as anti-PAF agents (PAF means Platelets Activating Factor), with corresponding activity as anti-anaphylactic, antithrombotic, anti-platelet aggregant, anti-broncho constrictor, normo-tensive and anti-ischemic agents, immunodepressors, and active also against immune alteration of kidney, against various shocks, against skin allergies and intestinal ulcers induced by endotoxine for instance. 
     The invention further provides a process for the preparation of the compounds I as above defined, the process comprising reacting a slight stoichiometric excess of an aldehyde or ketone of the formula R 1  COR 2 , wherein R 1  and R 2  are as above defined, with glycerol in a non polar solvent, in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid and in refluxing conditions, reacting, at room temperature, the resultant 4-hydroxymethyl 1,3-dioxolan derivative with an ω-haloalkanoyl chloride of the formula ClCO(CH 2 ) p  X, wherein p and X are as above defined, in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine, and reacting, at 50°-80° C. under nitrogen circulation, the resultant compound of the formula ##STR5## with a nitrogen containing heterocyclic compound of the formula ##STR6## They were obtained as a non-separated mixture of diastereoisomers, but may be separated by the usual methods. 
     This process is illustrated by the following reaction scheme. ##STR7## 
     The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the general formula I as above defined in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. 
     The invention is illustrated by the following examples. Example 1 is set out in full; in the subsequent examples, only the characteristics of the substituents and of the resulting compounds are given (Unless otherwise specified, TLC is performed on silica gel plates). 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[4&#39;-(N-pyridinium) butyryloxy methyl]-1,3-dioxolan chloride ##STR8## 
     Step a: Preparation of 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-hydroxymethyl 1,3-dioxolan. a 
     In an appropriate reactor were poured 11.1 g (40 mmol) of 2-nonadecanone, 6 g--which represents an excess with regard to the stoichiometric proportions--of twice distilled glycerol and 0.6 g of p-toluenesulphonic acid dissolved in 120 ml of dry toluene. The reaction mixture was refluxed under stirring for 12 hours and the resulting water was eliminated using a Dean Stark apparatus. After cooling, the organic phase was washed with 30 ml of 5% by weight aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and then three times with the minimum amount of water. After drying over anhydrous sodium sulphate, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was then purified by chromatography on a silica gel column. There were successively eluted the fraction of the ketone not involved in the reaction (petroleum ether : diethyl ether, 95:5 by volume), and then the dioxolan a (petroleum ether/diethyl ether 85:15 by volume). the dioxolan is a viscous product, partially crystallized. 
     Yield 11 g (78%). 
     rf: 0.18 (petroleum ether/diethyl ether 70:30 by volume). 
     IR 3500 cm -1  (OH), 1100-1060 cm -1  (C--O--). 
     Step b: 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-(4&#39;-chlorobutylryloxymethyl) 1,3-dioxolan. b 
     A mixture of 6.4 g (18 mmol) of 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-hydroxymethyl 1,3-dioxolan, prepared as described in step (a) above, and 6 ml (45 mmol) of triethylamine in 15 ml of dry chloroform was added dropwise to a solution of 6.25 g (22 mmol) of 4-chlorobutyryl chloride in 10 ml of dry chloroform at 0° C. The mixture was stirred for 12 hours at room temperature. After addition of 20 ml of chloroform, the mixture was washed with 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and then with water until the pH was 7. The elimination of the solvent left a residue which was chromatographed on a silica gel column with petroleum ether: diethyl ether as eluent, successively 95:5, then 90:10 and finally 80:20, by volume. There was thus obtained 7.6 g (yield 82 %) of an oily product which crystallized; melting point 39°-40° C. This product is a mixture of the two cis and trans isomers (separation of the same is uneasy). 
     rf: 0.45 and 0.37 (petroleum ether/diethyl ether 80:20 by volume). 
     IR 1740 cm -1  (C═O), 1180-1160 cm -1  (C--O--C ether and ester). 
     NMR 60 MH z , CDCl 3 , (TMS.) 
     δ: 0.9 (triplet, 3H, CH 3  of the chain), 1.3 (mult., 35H, 32H+CH 3 ), 2.1 (mult., 2H, CO--CH 2  --CH 2 ), 2.5 (triplet, 2H, CO--CH 2 ), 3.6 (mult., 4H, CH 2  --O and CH 2  Cl), 4.2 (mult., 3H, CH 2  OCO and CH--O). 
     Step c: 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[4&#39;-(N pyridinium)-butyryloxymethyl]1,3-dioxolan chloride. I 
     5 g of the compound obtained in the previous step (b) above, dissolved in 30 ml of pyridine, was stirred at 80° C., under nitrogen for 24 hours. Excess pyridine was then eliminated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by chromotography on silica gel. Elution with chloroform (for the recovery of starting material not involved in the reaction) and then with chloroform/methanol, first 90:10, then 80:20 by volume gave 3.80 g of the title product. This product is a mixture of the two cis and trans isomers (separation of the same is uneasy), yield 40% overall (65% for this step). Melting point 84°-85° C. 
     rf: 0.28 (CHCl 3  /MeOH 70:30, by volume). 
     IR (nujol) 1740 cm -1 , 1630 cm -1  (pyridine), 1200, 1180 cm -1  (C--O--C). 
     NMR, 250 MH z , CDCl 3 . 
     δ:0.9 (triplet, 3H, CH 3 ), 1.2 (sing. large 3OH). ##STR9## 2.35 (mult., 2H, CO CH 2  --CH 2 ), 2.6 (triplet, 2H, CO CH 2 ), 3.9 (mult., 1H, CH--O), 4 (mult., 2H, CH 2  O CO), 4.2-3.6 (2 mult., 2H, CH 2  O) (of the two diastereoisomers), 5.10 (mult., 2H, CH 2  N.sup.⊕). 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
                        8 (mult., 2H, H.sub.β)                       
pyridinium              8.4 (mult., 1H, H.sub.γ)                    
                        9.6 (doub., 2H.sub.α)                       
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     Mass spectrum: ##STR10## 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[4&#39;(N-quinolinium) butyryl oxymethyl]1,3-dioxolan chloride. 
     Step c: 5 g of the compound obtained in example 1 (step b) was dissolved in a mixture of 20 ml of quinolin and 20 ml of DMSO and heated at 80° C. under nitrogen for 4 days. Quinolin and DMSO were distilled under reduced pressure and the residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column. (eluent successively CHCl 3 , then CHCl 3  /MeOH 95:5). 2.5 g of the desired product were obtained as a mixture of the two diastereoisomers. 
     rf: 0.58 (CHCl 3  /MeOH, 70:30). 
     IR ν quinolin 1650, 1630 and 1600 cm -1 . 
     Mass spectrum: ##STR11## 
     NMR quinolinium instead of pyridinium. 
     δ ppm: 7.90-8.10 (4H), 8.70 (1H), 8.90 (1H), 10.90 (1H.sub.α). 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[4&#39;-(N-thiazolinium) butyryl oxymethyl]1,3-dixolan chloride. 
     Step c: 850 mg of the product obtained in example 1 (step b) in a mixture of thiazole (4 ml) and DMSO (6 ml) were heated at 80° C. for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column, eluent CHCl 3  /MeOH 50:50 giving a viscous product. 
     rf: 0.34 (CHCl 3  /MeOH 70:30). 
     NMR thiazolinium instead of pyridinium. 
     δ ppm: 8.19 (d: 1H), 8.4 (d: 1H), 10.90 (sing. 1H). 
     Mass spectrum: M - Cl: 510 m/z. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     2-heptadecyl 4-[4&#39;-(N-pyridinium) butyryloxymethyl] 1,3-dioxolan chloride. 
     R 1  =C 17  H 35 , R 2  =H, ##STR12## X=Cl, p=3. 
     2 b rf: 0.17 (petroleum ether/diethyl ether 30:70 by volume). 
     3 b rf: 0.37 (petroleum ether / diethyl ether 70:30 by volume). 
     I b  rf: 0.16 (chloroform / methanol 70:30 by volume). ##STR13## 
     Mass spectrum: M - Cl: 490 m/z. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     2-heptadecyl 4[4&#39;-(N-quinolinium) butyryl oxy methyl] 1,3 dioxalan chloride. 
     R 1  =C 17  H 35 , R 2  =H, ##STR14## X=Cl, p=3. 
     rf: 0.48 (chloroform/methanol 70:30 by volume.) 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     2-heptadecyl 2-(n-propyl 4-(4&#39;-(N-pyridinium) butyryl oxy methyl]1,3-dioxolan chloride. 
     R 1  =C 17  H 35 , R 2  =n-propyl, ##STR15## X=Cl, p=3. 
     2c rf: 0.23 (petroleum ether/diethyl ether 70:30 by volume). 
     3c rf: 0.38 (petroleum ether/diethyl ether 80:20 by volume). 
     I c  rf: 0.20 (chloroform/methanol 70:30 by volume). ##STR16## 
     Mass spectrum: M - Cl: 532 m/z. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[5&#39;-(N-pyridinium) pentanoyl oxymethyl]1,3-dioxolan chloride. 
     R 1  =C 17  H 35 , R 2  =CH 3 , ##STR17## X=Cl, p=4. 
     rf: 0.23 (chloroform/methanol 70:30). 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy phenyl) 2-methyl 4-[4&#39;-(N-pyridinium)butyryloxymethyl] 1,3-dioxolan chloride. ##STR18## R 2  =CH 3 , ##STR19## X=Cl, p=3. 
     2d rf: 0.32 (chloroform/methanol 98:2 by volume). 
     3d rf: 0.61 (chloroform/methanol 98:2 by volume). 
     I d  rf: 0.34 (chloroform/methanol 60:40 by volume). 
     IR 1735 (C═O), 1610 (pyridine), 1590 (benzene), 2740 (OCH 3 ). 
     I d  NMR instead of the chain R 1  ##STR20## 
     Mass spectrum: M - Cl: 432 m/z. 
     EXAMPLE 9 
     2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium) hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3 dioxolan bromide. 
     R 1  =C 17  H 35 , R 2  =CH 3 , ##STR21## X=Br, p=5. 
     step b: 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-(6&#39;-bromo hexanoyloxymethyl) 1,3-dioxolan bromide. 
     Following the procedure described in example 1, using 6-bromo-hexanoyl chloride, the desired product was obtained as a viscous product (yield 82 %). 
     rf: 0.57 (petroleum ether/ether 80:20). 
     step c: Following the procedure described in example 1, the desired product was obtained as a viscous product (yield 70 %). 
     rf 0.36 (CHCl 3  / MeOH 70:30). 
     IR 3450 cm -1  (residual water). 
     νCO  1740 , νC--O--C  1180 , νpyridine  1640  cm -1 . 
     NMR 500 MH z  CDCl 3 , δ (TMS) 0.85 (triplet, 3H, CH 3 ); 1.25 (sing. large 3OH); ##STR22## 1.45 (mult., 2H, CH 2 δ); 2.1 (mult., 2H, COCH 2  CH 2 ); 2.35 (mult., 2H, COCH 2 ); 3.70 and 4.35 (mult., 2H, CH 2  O, Z+E); 4(mult. 3H, CH 2  OCO and H--C--O); 5.05 (triplet, 2H, CH 2  N.sup.⊕). 
     pyridinium 8.1 (triplet, 2H, H.sub.β); 8.6 (triplet, 1H, H.sub.γ); 9.5 (d: 2H, H.sub.α). 
     U. V. (Ethanol) logε 3.65 λ 258.8 nm. 
     Mass spectrum : ##STR23## 
     EXAMPLE 10 
     2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-quinolinium) hexanoyloxymethyl) 1,3-dioxolan bromide. 
     rf : 0.60 (CHCl 3  /MeOH 70:30). 
     IR Quinolinium 1650, 1630, 1600 cm -1 . 
     U. V. (Ethanol) logε 4.53 λ 235.4 nm, 2.18 λ 316.5 nm. 
     NMR quinolinium instead of pyridinium. 
     δ: 5.5 (2H, CH 2  N.sup.⊕), 7.90-8.40 (5H), 9.10 (1H), 10.70 (1H, Hα). 
     Mass spectrum: ##STR24## 
     EXAMPLE 11 
     2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-isoquinolinium) hexanoyloxymethyl) 1,3-dioxolan bromide. 
     step c: Using isoquinoline instead of quinoline. 
     rf: 0.55 (CHCl 3  / MeOH 73:30). 
     IR isoquinolin 1650, 1610, 1590 cm -1 . 
     NMR isoquinolinium instead of quinolinium. 
     δ: 5.15 (triplet, 2H, CH 2  N.sup.⊕); 7.95-8.40 (4H); 8.80 (2H); 11.05 (1H). 
     Mass spectrum: M - Br: 582 m/z. 
     EXAMPLE 12 
     2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[11&#39;-(N-pyridinium undecanoyloxymethyl) 1,3-dioxolan bromide. 
     R 1  =C 17  H 35 , R 2  =CH 3 , ##STR25## X=Br, p=10. 
     step b: 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-(11&#39;-bromo undecanoyloxymethyl) 1,3-dioxolan. 
     Following the procedure described in example 1, using 11-bromo undecanoyl chloride, the desired product was obtained. 
     Melting point: 52° C. (yield 60%),. 
     rf: 0.26 (petroleum ether/ether 85:15). 
     step c 
     Melting point: 92° C. 
     rf 0.45 (CHCl 3  /MeOH 70:30). 
     Mass spectrum: M - Br: 602 m/z. 
     EXAMPLE 13 
     2-heptadecyl 2-(n-propyl) 4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium) hexanoylmethyl] 1,3-dioxolan bromide. 
     R 1  =C 17  H 35 , R 2  =n-propyl, ##STR26## X=Br, p=5. 
     rf: 0.44 (CHCl 3  /MeOH 70:30). 
     Melting point: 76° C. 
     Mass spectrum: M - Br : 560 m/z. 
     EXAMPLE 14 
     2-nonyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3-dioxolan bromide. 
     R 1  =C 9  H 19 , R 2  =CH 3 , ##STR27## X=Br, p=5. 
     step b 
     rf: 0.50 (petroleum ether/ether 80:20). 
     step c 
     rf: 0.30 (CHCl 3  /MEOH 70:30). 
     Mass spectrum: M - Br: 420 m/z. 
     TOXICOLOGY 
     The compounds of the invention have been administered to mice for determination of acute LD 50 . For all the compounds of the invention LD 50  was over 300 mg/Kg (IP or SC) and 600 mg/Kg (PO). 
     PHARMACOLOGY 
     A proof of the pharmaceutical interest of the compounds of the invention has been established by the following pharmaceutical experimentations : 
     1--INHIBITION OF THE PLATELETS AGGREGATION ON NEW ZEALAND RABBITS 
     The experimentation was conducted on platelets with plasma of New Zealand rabbits. 
     Blood samples were taken from auricular artery and placed in a citrate buffer (3.8 % ; pH 7.4) ; blood was further centrifugated for 15 mn at 1200 RPM. 
     The tested sample was prepared in DMSO, then poured on platelets rich plasma for 1 mn, then a dose of 2.5 nM of PAF was added. 
     The determination is made on a Cronolog Coultronics apparatus which determines the transmission percentage corresponding to the maximum height of the peak before the desaggregation. 
     The percentage of variation of the inhibition with respect to the transmission percentage is calculated (control: pure DMSO). 
     This method was described in details in LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS, Vol. 41, No. 3, p. 275, 1979, JEAN-PIERRE CAZENAVE, Dr. MED. , JACQUES BENVENISTE, Dr. MED., AND J. FRASER MUSTARD, M.D., &#34;Aggregation of Rabbits Platelets by Platelet-Activating Factor Is Independent of the Release Reaction and the Arachidonate Pathway and Inhibited by Membrane-Active Drugs&#34;. 
     The results demonstrate that the compounds inhibit the aggregation induced by 2.5 nM of PAF. Five tests made on 5 different rabbits allowed us to calculate the IC 50  of the various compounds using the linear regression test. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Inhibition of PAF induced platelet aggregation                            
in platelet rich plasma from rabbits.                                     
Example No.   IC.sub.50 PRP (M)                                           
______________________________________                                    
No. 1          2.2 · 10.sup.-6                                   
No. 2          1.2 · 10.sup.-6                                   
No. 3         2.15 · 10.sup.-5                                   
No. 4           7 · 10.sup.-6                                    
No. 5          3.1 · 10.sup.-6                                   
No. 6         3.04 · 10.sup.-6                                   
No. 7           5 · 10.sup.-6                                    
No. 8         1.13 · 10.sup.-5                                   
No. 9         4.04 · 10.sup.-7                                   
No. 10        3.03 · 10.sup.-7                                   
No. 12        3.12 · 10.sup.-5                                   
No. 13        1.73 · 10.sup.-6                                   
No. 14        1.46 · 10.sup.-6                                   
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     2--BINDING 
     MATERIAL AND METHOD 
     Synthetic tritiated [ 3  H]-PAF used was in ethanol solution with a specific activity of 59.5 ci/mmols. Unlabelled PAF and lyso-PAF were solubilized in ethanol solution and stored at -80° C. The compounds were solubilized in DMSO. 
     Platelet membrane preparation 
     Rabbit whole blood (6 volumes) was drawn from the central ear artery into 1 volume of ACD solution (citric acide 1.4 g, sodium citrate 2 5 g, Dextrose 2 g per 100 ml of H 2  O) and centrifuged at 150 g for 15 minutes. The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was carefully removed and centrifuged for 15 minutes at 1000 g. The platelet pellet was then washed 3 times: twice in Tris-HCl buffer 10 mM, pH 7.4 containing NaCl 150 mM, MgCl 2  5 mM, EDTA 2 mM and the last time in the same but sodium-free buffer. 
     The platelet pellet was resuspended in this latter buffer, quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen and slowly thawed at room temperature for at least 3 times as described by T. Y. Shen et al. The lysed platelets were centrifuged at 100,000 g for 30 minutes in a BECKMAN model L8.55 ultra centrifuge (rotor 50.2 Ti). Platelet membrane homogenate was stored at -80° C. and used within two weeks without noticeable changes in PAF-acether binding characteristics. 
     Protein contain was determined by the Lowry method using bovine serum albumine as standard. 
     Binding assay 
     60 to 100 μg of membrane proteins were added to a final volume of 1 ml in plastic tubes containing 1 nM [ 3  H]-PAF in Tris-HCl 10 mM pH 7 buffer containing 0.025 % bovine serum albumin and incubated with or without unlabelled PAF or PAF-antagonists. The incubation was carried out for 1 h 30 at 0° C. The bound [ 3  H]-PAF was separated from the free [ 3  H]-PAF by immediate filtration through whatman GF/C glass fiber filters under vacuum (Brandel system). The reaction and the filters were washed 3 times with 5 ml of ice-cold buffer. The filters were then placed into polyethylene phials filled up with 10 ml of liquid scintillation fluid and the radioactivity was measured by an LKB β counter with 45% efficiency. 
     The non specific binding was determined in the presence of 10 -6  M of unlabelled PAF. The specific binding was calculated by substracting non specific binding from the total binding. The inhibition by compounds on the specific [ 3  H]-PAF binding was determined as the percent inhibition by the equation: ##EQU1## 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Example No.    IC.sub.50                                                  
______________________________________                                    
No. 1          4.5 · 10.sup.-7                                   
No. 9          3.5 · 10.sup.-8                                   
No. 10         3.5 · 10.sup.-8                                   
No. 14         6.1 · 10.sup.-7                                   
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     3--BRONCHOCONSTRICTION, LEUKOPENIA AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA INDUCED BY PAF IN THE GUINEA PIG 
     MATERIALS AND METHODS 
     Male Guinea-pig (400-500 g) were anesthetized with urethane (1.5 g/kg: IP) prior to be tracheotomized and ventilated with a respiratory pump (UGO BASILE) (70-80 breath/minute, 1 ml air/100 g/breath) to abolish spontaneous respiration a pneumothorax was performed. The resistance to inflation was measured with a pressure transducer (UGO BASILE) against an initial pressure of 10 cm H 2  O according to Konzett and Rossler. Animals were allocated into groups and were treated or not by the compounds of the invention (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg).The products were given IV 1 hour before challenge with PAF. 
     The animals were challenged with various doses of PAF (30-100 n/kg) given intravenously, and the variations in the resistance to inflation were recorded. 
     Blood samples were collected prior to and 1,5 and 10 minutes following to PAF-challenge. Forty μl of blood were diluted in 10 ml isoton (Coultronics, France); erythrocytes were lysed with Zapoglobin (France) prior leukocytes were counted in a coulter counter. To determine platelet number, 40 μl of blood were diluted in 2 ml isoton and centrifuged at 100 runs per minute for 30 secondes, 100 μl of the supernatant were collected and further diluted in 10 ml isoton prior counting in a coulter counter. 
     
                       TABLE NO. 1                                                 
______________________________________                                    
Effects of 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl                                          
4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium) hexanoyloxymethyl]                                   
1,3 dioxolan bromide on PAF-induced                                       
bronchoconstriction.                                                      
Doses                Percentage    Percentage                             
mg/kg IV      n      Bronchoconstriction                                  
                                   Variation                              
______________________________________                                    
Control --        8      79.8 +/- 3.22                                    
                                     --                                   
Compound                                                                  
        5         3       3.5 +/- 1.53                                    
                                     -95.6***                             
of      1         4       19.1 +/- 10.51                                  
                                     -76.1***                             
example 0.5       6      23.6 +/- 7.15                                    
                                     -70.4***                             
No. 9   0.1       6       43.8 +/- 14.77                                  
                                     -45.1**                              
        0.05      3      79.0 +/- 9.27                                    
                                     -1.0 NS                              
______________________________________                                    
 LEGEND OF ALL THE TABLES:                                                
 NS Non Significative                                                     
 *p &lt; 0.05                                                                
 **p &lt; 0.01                                                               
 ***p &lt; 0.001                                                             
 
    
     
                       TABLE NO. 2                                                 
______________________________________                                    
Effects of 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl                                          
4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium) hexanoyloxymethyl]                                   
1,3 dioxolan bromide on PAF-induced leukopenia.                           
                          Percentage                                      
Doses                     Decrease of                                     
mg/kg              Time   leukocyte  Percentage                           
IV          n      (mn)   number     Variation                            
______________________________________                                    
Control --      8      1    40.8 +/- 7.18                                 
                                       --                                 
                8      5     29.2 +/- 10.89                               
                                       --                                 
                8      10   33.5 +/- 5.04                                 
                                       --                                 
Compound                                                                  
        5       3      1    16.5 +/- 2.42                                 
                                       -59.6*                             
of              3      5    15.9 +/- 0.99                                 
                                       -45.5 NS                           
example         3      10   18.7 +/- 5.08                                 
                                       -44.2 NS                           
No. 9   1       4      1     3.5 +/- 12.60                                
                                       -91.4**                            
                4      5     2.9 +/- 10.51                                
                                       -90.1*                             
                4      10    1.0 +/- 22.62                                
                                       -97.0**                            
        0.5     6      1    34.6 +/- 6.35                                 
                                       -15.2 NS                           
                6      5    19.0 +/- 6.42                                 
                                       -34.9 NS                           
                6      10   14.6 +/- 5.36                                 
                                       - 56.4 NS                          
        0.1     6      1    41.8 +/- 6.50                                 
                                       +2.5 NS                            
                6      5    31.9 +/- 4.88                                 
                                       -9.2 NS                            
                6      10   33.5 +/- 4.65                                 
                                       0.0 NS                             
        0.05    3      1    45.3 +/- 5.70                                 
                                       +11.0 NS                           
                3      5    21.6 +/- 3.42                                 
                                       -26.0 NS                           
                3      10    14.2 +/- 17.30                               
                                       -57.6 NS                           
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     
                       TABLE NO. 3                                                 
______________________________________                                    
Effects of 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl                                          
4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium) hexanoyloxymethyl]                                   
1,3 dioxolan bromide on PAF-induced                                       
thrombocytopenia                                                          
                          Percentage                                      
Doses                     Decrease in                                     
mg/kg              Time   leukocyte  Percentage                           
IV          n      (mn)   number     Variation                            
______________________________________                                    
Control --      8      1    68.6 +/- 6.79                                 
                                       --                                 
                8      5    42.4 +/- 2.71                                 
                                       --                                 
                8      10   42.5 +/- 3.14                                 
                                       --                                 
Compound                                                                  
        5       3      1     4.2 +/- 2.35                                 
                                       -93.9***                           
of              3      5     5.6 +/- 1.84                                 
                                       -86.8***                           
example         3      10    1.1 +/- 1.15                                 
                                       -97.4***                           
No. 9   1       4      1    11.5 +/- 6.21                                 
                                       -83.2***                           
                4      5    22.5 +/- 3.27                                 
                                       -46.9*                             
                4      10   21.0 +/- 3.87                                 
                                       -50.6*                             
        0.5     6      1     19.3 +/- 10.19                               
                                       -71.9***                           
                6      5     9.6 +/- 12.15                                
                                       -77.4***                           
                6      10   10.9 +/- 9.94                                 
                                       -74.4***                           
        0.1     6      1     30.1 +/- 13.72                               
                                       -56.1**                            
                6      5    34.7 +/- 3.60                                 
                                       -18.2 NS                           
                6      10   42.3 +/- 4.79                                 
                                       -0.5 NS                            
        0.05    3      1    45.2 +/- 1.20                                 
                                       -34.1 NS                           
                3      5    43.0 +/- 4.80                                 
                                       +1.4 NS                            
                3      10   36.1 +/- 2.41                                 
                                       -15.1 NS                           
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     
                       TABLE NO. 4                                                 
______________________________________                                    
Effects of 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl                                          
4-[6&#39;-(N-quinolinium) hexanoyloxymethyl]                                  
1,3 dioxolan bromide on PAF-induced                                       
bronchoconstriction.                                                      
                      Percentage                                          
       Doses          Broncho-     Percentage                             
       mg/kg IV                                                           
               n      constriction Variation                              
______________________________________                                    
Control  --        6      90.8 +/- 0.95                                   
                                     --                                   
Compound of                                                               
         1         5       8.1 +/- 2.91                                   
                                     -91.1***                             
Example  0.5       5      25.1 +/- 6.53                                   
                                     -72.4***                             
No. 10   0.1       5       80.4 +/- 13.78                                 
                                     -11.5 NS                             
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     
                       TABLE NO. 5                                                 
______________________________________                                    
Effects of 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl                                          
4-[6&#39;-(N-quinolinium) hexanoyloxymethyl]                                  
1,3 dioxolan bromide on PAF-induced leukopenia                            
                           Percentage                                     
                           Decrease in                                    
Doses               Time   leukocyte Percentage                           
mg/kg IV      n     (mn)   number    Variation                            
______________________________________                                    
Control --        6     1    41.4 +/- 8.0                                 
                                       --                                 
                  6     5    28.7 +/- 6.9                                 
                  6     10    26.9 +/- 10.1                               
Compound                                                                  
        1         5     1    24.1 +/- 6.8                                 
                                       -41.0 NS                           
of                5     5     9.3 +/- 9.4                                 
                                       -67.6**                            
example           5     10    8.9 +/- 13.2                                
                                       -66.9**                            
No. 10  0.5       5     1     17.0 +/- 12.9                               
                                       -58.9*                             
                  5     5     9.0 +/- 11.8                                
                                       -68.6**                            
                  5     10   -7.6 +/- 17.5                                
                                       +128.3 NS                          
        0.1       5     1    38.8 +/- 6.3                                 
                                       +6.3 NS                            
                  5     5    38.9 +/- 5.7                                 
                                       +35.5 NS                           
                  5     10   41.2 +/- 6.5                                 
                                       +53.2 NS                           
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     
                       TABLE NO. 6                                                 
______________________________________                                    
Effects of 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl                                          
4-[6&#39;-(N-quinolinium) hexanoyloxymethyl]                                  
1,3 dioxolan bromide on PAF-induced                                       
thrombocytopenia                                                          
                           Percentage                                     
                           Decrease in                                    
Doses               Time   leukocyte Percentage                           
mg/kg IV      n     (mn)   number    Variation                            
______________________________________                                    
Control --        6     1    65.3 +/- 8.5                                 
                                       --                                 
                  6     5    49.1 +/- 4.8                                 
                  6     10   48.5 +/- 0.5                                 
Compound                                                                  
        1         5     1    19.3 +/- 1.4                                 
                                        -58.3***                          
of                5     5    22.1 +/- 2.5                                 
                                       -55.0**                            
example           5     10   19.4 +/- 3.6                                 
                                       -60.0**                            
No. 10  0.5       5     1    26.2 +/- 6.3                                 
                                       -59.9**                            
                  5     5    29.8 +/- 1.7                                 
                                       -39.3*                             
                  5     10   32.1 +/- 5.8                                 
                                       -33.8*                             
        0.1       5     1     51.1 +/- 12.1                               
                                       -21.7 NS                           
                  5     5    49.1 +/- 8.8                                 
                                         0 NS                             
                  5     10   45.0 +/- 9.7                                 
                                       -7.2 NS                            
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     RESULTS 
     2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium) hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3 dioxolan bromide (0 5, 1 and 5 mg/kg IV) and 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-quinolinium) hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3 dioxolan bromide (0.5 and 1 mg/kg IV) inhibit the PAF-induced bronchoconstriction and the PAF-induced thrombocytopenia in the guinea-pig. 
     4--ANTIGEN-INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION, LEUKOPENIA AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN GUINEA-PIGS PASSIVELY SENSITIZED WITH HETEROLOGOUS SERUM 
     Intravenous injection of ovalbumin to guinea-pigs passively sensitized with rabbit anti-ovalbumin antiserum induces a bronchoconstriction associated with a leukopenia and a thrombocytopenia. This anaphylactic reaction appears to be due to the release of histamine and the generation of arachidonic acid metabolites (prostaglandins, thromboxane A 2  and leukotrienes). In the guinea-pig, the release of these autacoids is primarily mediated via immunoglobulins of the IgG class. 
     METHOD 
     Animals: 
     Hartley male guinea-pigs, Charles River (450-550 g). 
     Immunisation procedure: 
     Intravenous injection 18 h prior to challenge with the antigen of 0.5 ml/kg of 1/2 dilution of rabbit anti-ovalbumin antiserum. 
     Challenge is obtained by: 
     Ovalbumin, 0.75 mg/kg, 
     Intravenous injection of the antigen in a final volume of 1 ml/kg, 
     Vehicle, 0.15 M NaCl. 
     Compounds are administered by oral route in a volume of 2.5 ml/kg, 1 h prior to challenge with the antigen. After anesthesia by intraperitoneal injection of ethyl carbamate (1.5 g/kg) in a volume of 10 ml/kg. Parameters monitored and expression of the data: 
     a--Bronchoconstriction 
     Antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in mm (A), 
     Maximal bronchoconstriction in mm (B). 
     The percentage of bronchoconstriction is calculated as follows: ##EQU2## Neutrophil and platelet counts were performed 1 minute prior to and 1,5 and 10 minutes after challenge. The changes were expressed in percentages calculated over the values obtained one minute prior to challenge. 
     The following equipement was used: 
     Ugo Basile, Comerio ITALY, 
     Rodent ventilator ref. 7025 
     Bronchospam transducer ref. 7020 
     Two-Channel Recorder &#34;GEMINI&#34; ref. 7070 
     Coultronics, FRANCE 
     Coulters Counter Z B I 
     
                       TABLE NO. 7                                                 
______________________________________                                    
Effects of 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl                                          
4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium) hexanoyloxymethyl]                                   
1,3 dioxolan bromide on antigen-induced                                   
bronchoconstriction                                                       
                       Percentage                                         
       Dose            Broncho-    Percentage                             
       mg/kg IV n      constriction                                       
                                   Variation                              
______________________________________                                    
Control  --         6      71.9 +/- 14.2                                  
                                     --                                   
Compound 5          8      51.3 +/- 14.2                                  
                                     -28.7 NS                             
of                                                                        
example                                                                   
No. 9                                                                     
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     
                       TABLE NO. 8                                                 
______________________________________                                    
Effects of 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl                                          
4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium) hexanoyloxymethyl]                                   
1,3 dioxolan bromide on antigen-induced                                   
leukopenia                                                                
                          Percentage                                      
Dose                      Decrease in                                     
mg/kg              Time   leukocytes Percentage                           
IV          n      (mn)   number     Inhibition                           
______________________________________                                    
Control --      6      1    -11.8 +/- 5.1                                 
                                       --                                 
                6      5    -39.6 +/- 9.5                                 
                6      10   -53.9 +/- 7.1                                 
Compound                                                                  
        5       8      1    -15.6 +/- 6.6                                 
                                       +32.0 NS                           
of              8      5     -8.7 +/- 10.7                                
                                       -78.0*                             
example         8      10    -12.3 +/- 14.1                               
                                       -77.2*                             
No. 9                                                                     
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     
                       TABLE NO. 9                                                 
______________________________________                                    
Effects of 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl                                          
4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium) hexanoyloxymethyl]                                   
1,3 dioxolan bromide on antigen-induced                                   
thrombocytopenia                                                          
                          Percentage                                      
Dose                      Decrease in                                     
mg/kg              Time   leukocytes Percentage                           
IV          n      (mn)   number     Inhibition                           
______________________________________                                    
Control --      6      1    -6.8 +/- 2.7                                  
                                       --                                 
                6      5    -39.7 +/- 12.5                                
                6      10   -26.1 +/- 8.1                                 
Compound                                                                  
        5       8      1    +0.3 +/- 7.9                                  
                                       -104.4 NS                          
of              8      5    -3.5 +/- 3.1                                  
                                       -91.2**                            
example         8      10   -15.7 +/- 6.2                                 
                                       -39.8 NS                           
No. 9                                                                     
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     RESULTS 
     2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium) hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3 dioxolan bromide (5 mg/kg IV) antagonizes antigen-induced leukopenia and thrombocytopenia without significantly reducing antigen-induced bronchoconstriction. 
     5--ACTION OF PAF-INDUCED HYPOTENSION IN THE ANESTHETIZED RAT 
     MATERIALS AND METHOD: 
     Male Sprague Dawley Rats (Charles River Breeding Station) (250-300 g) were anesthetized with ethyl carbamate at the dose of 1.2 g/kg IP. 
     Intravenous injection of PAF provokes a dose-dependent hypotension. The effects of 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium) hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3 dioxolan bromide and 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-quinolinium, hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3 dioxolan bromide were sought against PAF-induced hypotension, in curative treatments. Hypotension was provoked by 1 single dose of PAF (1 μg/kg) in an intravenous injection, directly into the penis vein, in a volume of 0.1 ml/100 g. At the maximum hypotension, i.e. 3 minutes after PAF injection, drugs were administered. 
     Parameters measured and expression of the results: 
     The systolic and diastolic arteial pressures (mmHg) were measured. The values were expressed as mean +/- SEM in the accompanying figures wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a graph of systolic arterial pressure vs. time; and 
     FIG. 2 is a graph of diastolic arterial pressure vs. time. 
     Measurement apparatus: 
     Gould P 50  transducer to measure arterial pressure, 
     Braun perfuser, 
     Gould 8000 S polygraphic recorder. 
     6--ANTAGONISM OF THE POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE AGGREGATION INDUCED BY PAF 
     Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were obtained as described by A. W. Ford-Hutchinson et al. (Br - J. Pharmacol. 76, 367-371, 1982). Cell suspensions (&lt;90% PMNs) were prepared from peritoneal exudates obtained after a 5 ml IP injection of sodium caseinate 12% (w/v) to male Wistar rats, 300 g body weight. 
     After centrifugation, cells were washed with Hanks and resuspended in MEM/Hepes 30 mM medium (PM=7.4) at a concentration of 10 7  cells/ml. Cytochalasin B (5 μg/ml) was added 10 minutes before trigering aggregation to amplify the PMNs aggregation. The light transmittance through the cell suspension (400 μl) was measured under a 900 R/mn magnetic stirring, with a dual beam aggregometer (Chronolog Corp. Coultronics.) 
     The control cuvet is the cell suspension diluted to 20% of the cell count with MEM and the difference represents 100% transmittance. Change in transmittance, which occurs when PAF is added, was continuously recorded. 
     Drugs solubilized in MEM/Hepes were added (4 μl) to PMNs suspension 2 minutes before PAF addition. 
     RESULTS 
     PAF 10 -8  induced 55 to 70% aggregation of this PMNs suspension. 
     2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3 dioxolan bromide and 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4[6&#39;-(N-quinolinium) hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3 dioxolan bromide dose-dependently inhibit this aggregation with respective IC 50s  : 
     2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium) hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3 dioxolan bromide: 5×10 -7  M. 
     2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-quinolinium) hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3 dioxolan bromide: 10 -6  M. 
     7--INHIBITION OF INTRACYTOSOLIC FREE CALCIUM MOBILIZATION INDUCED BY PAF IN WASHED RABBITS PLATELETS 
     Blood was taken from the auricular artery of the rabbit on citric acid/sodium citrate/dextrose and anticoagulan and the washed platelets were prepared according to Ardlie et al., Brit. J. Pharmacology, 19, 7-17, 1970. They were incubated with acetylsalicylic salt (100 μM, 30 minutes) to avoid thromboxane induced aggregation. They were then loaded with the fluorescent calcium indicator dye quin 2 by incubation with quin 2 aceto-methylester (15 μM in DMSO, 20 minutes at room temperature) which penetrates the cell membrane and after hydrolysed is trapped in the platelet. Drugs were preincubated with platelets for 15 minutes simultaneously to CP/CPK mixture which destroys secreted ADP. 
     Fluorescent measurement was then performed (excitation λ=339 nm, emission λ=494 nm) after PAF addition to platelet suspension. The fluorescence intensity is proportional to the cytosolic free calcium level [Ca 2+  ]i which can be quantified as described by Tsien et al., J. Cell Biol., 94, 325-334, 1982. 
     RESULTS 
     Platelet stimulation induced by PAF 2×10 -9  M increased the [Ca 2+  ]i level from about 150 nM at resting state to 400-600 nM. 
     2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium) hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3 dioxolan bromide and 2-heptadecyl 2-methy 4-[6&#39;-(N-quinolinium) hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3 dioxolan bromide at 5×10 -7  M totally inhibit the PAF-induced [Ca 2+  ]i mobilization. At 5×10 -8  M, the inhibition of PAF effect is respectively 44% for 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-pyridinium hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3 dioxolan bromide and 75% for 2-heptadecyl 2-methyl 4-[6&#39;-(N-quinolinium) hexanoyloxymethyl] 1,3 dioxolan bromide. 
     POSOLOGY 
     In human therapy, by oral administration, daily doses are from 0.1 to 0.5 mg in tablets or capsules with an enteric coating; by IV route, the corresponding daily doses are from 0.01 to 0.05 mg. Treatment is generally from 2 to 6 weeks.