Cryogenic target and method and apparatus for making same
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to target shooting and particularly to the shooting objects propelled into the air in simulation of bird flight. 
     2. Prior Art 
     The use of objects propelled through the air in simulation of bird flight and as target to improve the marksmanship of a shooter have long been known. 
     In the past a variety of materials have been proposed for use of targets for shooters. U.S. Pat. No. 1,378,340, for example, discloses a target of bullet proof material, such as steel, having central disks of frangible material that will shatter when hit by a bullet. Another target, made of wood or other suitable frangible material is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 1,821,330. 
     Bulls-eye targets having frangible centers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No&#39;s. 1,825,292 and 1,970,676 and a frangible target, of wood, is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,076,135. 
     For many years it has been popular to make clay &#34;pigeons&#34; out of clay materials having a disk configuration. 
     While these known targets are all relatively inexpensive it remains desirable to even further reduce the costs for targets that are to be used only once and where large numbers of targets are used. 
     To reduce the costs of the targets it is necessary to reduce the costs of the materials from which they are made and/or the labor involved in producing and handling them. This includes the reduction of shipping and storage costs. 
     OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     It is a principal object of the present invention to provide a frangible shooting target suitable for use as an air propelled target that is made out of very low cost materials. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a frangible shooting target that is constructed with a minimum of labor and handling. 
     It is still another object to provide apparatus and method for producing frangible shooting targets, on site, essentially as rapidly as they are desired for use during shooting practice. 
     FEATURES OF THE INVENTION 
     Principal features of the invention include a shooting target in the form of a saucer-shaped disk and made of ice. 
     Still other features of the invention include a method of making shooting targets of ice and mold apparatus for automatically forming freezing and discharging the cryogenic targets at a rate consistent with needs of one or more shooters during target practice. 
     Additional objects and features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and drawing. 
    
    
     THE DRAWINGS 
     In the drawings: 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the apparatus for forming cryogenic targets of the invention; 
     FIG. 2, a side elevation view; 
     FIG. 3, an enlarged vertical section, taken on the line 
     3--3 of FIG. 2; and 
     FIG. 4, a perspective view of a target of the invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring now to the drawings: 
     In the illustrated preferred embodiment the apparatus for making cryogenic targets of the invention is shown generally at 10. 
     In the embodiment shown, the apparatus 10 includes a mold unit 11, a mold assembly base 12, a cryogenic system 13, an arm assembly 14 and a carousel 15. 
     As will become apparent, a refrigerant, such as Freon, is injected through the cryogenic system 13 into the mold unit 11 so that it will freeze water also injected into the mold assembly 14 into a desired saucer shaped disk 16, FIG. 4. The disk 16 is automatically removed from the mold unit 11, and is placed on the carousel 15. 
     The refrigerant is supplied, under pressure, through the cryogenic system, which includes valve 17, 18 and 19 in insulated supply lines 20, 21 and 22, respectively. The supply lines 17 and 18 respectively open into bores 23 and 24 in upper mold halves 25 and 26 and bore 27 in a lower mold 28. 
     The mold 28 has a mold surface formed with raised steps 29, 30 and 31 thereon and with inclined shoulders 32, 33 and 34 respectively interconnecting the mold face to step 29; step 29 to step 30; and step 30 to step 31. 
     The mold halves 25 and 26, when held together form a female mold surface with recessed steps 35, 36 and 37, respectively interconnected by inclined shoulders 38, 39 and 40. The female mold surface conforms generally to the shape of the male mold surface, but is larger, such that when the mold 28 is moved tightly against the mold halves 25 and 26 a space exists between the male and female mold surfaces. 
     The mold halves 25 and 26 are positioned in an upper portion of a housing 42, with the mold half 26 fixed against movement therein. Mold half 25 has a piston rod 43a of a pneumatic cylinder 43 threaded therein and the mold 25 is pressed against cylinder half 26, by the cylinder 43. A small space 44 exists between a side wall 45 of the cylinder half 25 and the side wall 42a of housing 42. When the cylinder 43 is actuated rod 43a is ejected and mold half 25 is held tightly against mold half 26. Upon release of pressure in cylinder 43 the rod 43a is retracted and the mold half 25 is moved away from mold half 26, within the space 44 to thereby release the target from the mold halves. 
     Lower mold 28 forms a bottom wall of the housing 42 and reciprocates upwardly into engagement with mold halves 25 and 26 and downwardly, out of engagement with the mold halves and out of the housing to permit target removal. 
     Housing 42 is supported by a framework comprising a top rail 47 and a pair of side rails 48 and 49. Bolts 50 secure the housing to the top and side rails. 
     A main support arm 51 extends over the carousel 15 and has one end bolted by bolts 50 to the top rail 47 and the opposite end thereof bolted to a support post 52 by other bolts 50. The support post 52 rests on and is supported by a shelf 53 that is fixed to and projects from the base plate 54 of the carousel 15. The base plate 54 is of flat circular configuration, with an upstanding surrounding rim 55, and with a discharge opening 56 therethrough. The base plate 54 is supported on a tubular support stand 57 with a bottom flange 58. The bottom flange is adapted to be bolted or otherwise affixed to a target thrower, not shown. 
     A stepping motor 60 having a cooling fan 60a is positioned in the stand 57 and is fixed to and suspended from the base plate 54. The output shaft of motor 60 extends through base plate 54 to drive a turntable 61. The turntable 61 has a plurality of holes 62 spaced around the periphery thereof, and, as will be further explained, the holes 62 are turned to place them sequentially in registry with discharge opening 56 and sequentially in position to receive a molded and frozen target 16. 
     Water to be frozen into the shape of a target, i.e. saucer shaped, is injected into the space between the male and female molds after lower mold 28 has been moved into engagement with mold halves 25 and 26. For this purpose a piston bore 65 is provided centrally into lower mold 28. A port 66 then connects the bore 65 to the space formed between the male and female molds when the lower mold 28 and mold halves 25 and 26 are in engagement. 
     A pneumatic cylinder 70 is mounted to the bottom of lower mold 28 and moves with the lower mold. A piston 71 on the end of the cylinder rod 72 reciprocates into the bore 65 to close the port 66 to isolate water being frozen from water supplied from outside the mold, and reciprocates into a bore 73 aligned with the bore 65 to permit flow of the supply water through an inlet 74 to the bores 73 and 65. As will be further explained, after water flows into bores 73 and 65 the flow is stopped and the pneumatic cylinder 70 is actuated to expel piston 71 and to force the water through port 66 into the space between the male and female molds. Since the molds are cooled, as previously described, by the refrigerant, the water injected between the molds is formed to conform to the shapes of the male and female molds. 
     A pair of fluid cylinders 75 and 76 have their cylinder rods 75a and 76a threaded into the bottom of the lower mold 28 to reciprocate the mold into engagement with the mold halves 25 and 26 so that the target can be formed and frozen, out of housing 42, and then slightly upward as required for target release, and as will be further described. 
     A pneumatically powered drive 80 is bolted by bolts 50 to the rail 51 and drives a long rod 81 that telescopes into a tubular housing 82. A head 83 is carried by the rod 81 and a suction cup 84 is affixed to the head. The suction cup has a bore 87 extending therethrough to the suction face thereof and a source of air pressure (not shown), a source of vacuum (not shown) are respectively connected by conduits 88 and 88a through a valve 89, conduit 89a and head 83 to the bore 87. 
     In operation, the mold halves 25 and 26 and lower mold 28 are cooled by the introduction of refrigerant. The cylinder 75 and 76 are operated to place the lower mold 28 tightly against the mold halves 25 and 26 and an injection of water is made by piston 71 into the space between the male and female molds. Use of the piston 71 to inject predetermined quantities of water into the mold unit prevents freezing that could occur if only a pressure feed of water was used. 
     The molds are left closed until the injected water freezes into a saucer shaped target conforming to the male and female molds. It has been found that such a saucer-shaped with a stepped configuration and sloped shoulders can be made of a size and weight that will, when &#34;thrown&#34; have the same in-air breakage characteristics as the clay pigeons commonly used and will conform to established and/or expected flight standards of targets used in trap and skeet shooting. 
     After shaping and freezing, the half mold 25 is pulled back by cylinder 43 and the lower mold 28 is lowered by cylinders 75 and 76 until it is out of housing 42. 
     Thereafter, the rod 81 is expelled to position the vacuum suction cup 84 centrally over the target 16. The cylinders 75 and 76 are then again operated to raise the lower mold until the target engages the suction cup 84. The lower mold is then lowered again by the cylinders 75 and 76 and the target is held by vacuum pressure applied through the suction cup. 
     Rod 81 is withdrawn by operation of drive means 80 and the target is placed over a hole 62. The vacuum is broken and air is admitted to the suction cup and the target drops, a very short distance, into the hole 62 where it is supported by the base plate 54 of the carousel. The stepping motor is actuated to rotate the holes 62 with the targets therein sliding on base plate 54 and when the target 16 in each hole is above discharge opening 56 the target drops through the opening for use in a target thrower or the like. Each time the turntable 61a new hole 62 is provided to receive a target 16. Also, in full operation, each time the turtable is indexed a target 16 will fall through the discharge opening. It has been found that the targets can readily be produced and frozen solid at a rate of at least nearly one per minute. 
     The target of the invention is produced automatically from water without the need for manual assistance. It is shaped to have an established aerodynamic configuration, with a size, shape and weight similar to clay pigeons heretofore available. Consequently, the target is economical to produce and has the same flight characteristics as the more conventional clay pigeons. Also it is readily adapted for use with conventional throwing devices. 
     A conventional microprocessor control unit (not shown) may be used to operate the valves, fluid cylinders and electric drive motor to provide for the sequential operation of the apparatus of the invention and for cyclic operation so that targets will be produced, stored on the carousel and delivered for use. 
     Although a preferred form of our invention has been herein disclosed, it is to be understood that the present disclosure is by way of example and that variations are possible without departing from the subject matter coming within the scope of the following claims, which subject matter we regard as our invention.