Resin compositions and their manufacturing method
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to polyamide resin composition having distinguished impact resistance, moldability and manufacturing stability and their manufacturing method. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Recently, for the purpose of improving the impact resistance of polyamides, resin compositions having various polyolefins incorporated have been investigated. In order for the impact resistance to be improved, it is required that the polyamide and polyolefin present a tightly combined state, and for such purpose, technologies of modifying polyolefin have been proposed. As a typical example of the polyamide and modified polyolefin compositions and their manufacturing methods heretofore known, a method of preparing a modified polyolefin having carboxyl or acid anhydride groups and melt compounding it with a polyamide as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,174,358 or a method of preparing a modified polyolefin having imide or amide groups and melt compounding it with a polyamide as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,612,346, may be cited. 
     However, it was known that the resin compositions shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,174,358 had difficulties in flow at the time of injection molding and in the surface appearance of the molded articles. The resin compositions shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,612,346 were found to have a problem that they were of poor stability in manufacturing, that is, the gut emitted from the extruder was of poor spinnability, resulting in frequent cutting of the gut. Also, in these prior disclosures, a method of preparing a modified polyolefin having various functional groups and melt compounding it with a polyamide is disclosed, and it is noted as one of the requisites that as the polyamide and modified polyolefin have to be finely admixed with each other, the modified polyolefin should not be cross-linked substantially. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide resin compositions comprised of a polyamide and a polyolefin and distinguished in impact resistance, flow in injection molding and stability in manufacturing. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel and efficient manufacturing method of resin compositions consisting of a polyamide and a polyolefin. 
     Still another object of the present invention is to provide resin compositions having a specially designated modified polyolefin incorporated for the polyamide in order to satisfy all of the requirements for impact resistance, molding flow and manufacturing stability. 
     A further object of the present invention is to provide resin compositions containing a polyamide and a polyolefin having specific kinds and quantities of functional groups in the side chains. 
     A still further object of the present invention is to provide resin compositions containing a polyamide and a modified polyolefin having both functional groups of imide and/or amide groups expressed by formulas (I) and/or (II) described later and acid anhydride and/or carboxyl groups expressed by formulas (III) and/or (IV) also described later. 
     A still further object of the present invention is to provide a method of stably manufacturing resin compositions distinguished in impact resistance and molding flow by melt compounding of a polyamide and a polyolefin, in the presence of an α,β-unsaturated imide compound and/or an α,β-unsaturated amide compound and an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid compound and/or an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride and an organic peroxide. 
     A still further object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method of resin compounds in which modification of polyolefin and compounding of polyolefin and polyamide are carried out simultaneously using at least two kinds of compounds as modifiers of polyolefin. 
     A still further object of the present invention is to provide resin compositions and manufacturing method having a modified polyolefin partially cross-linked and dispersed in a polyamide or, more particularly, having the modification and cross-linking of the polyolefin proceed concurrently during the process of compounding so that the polyolefin is finely dispersed in the polyamide to form a fine morphology. 
     To achieve the objects of the present invention, the resin compositions of the invention are comprised of (A) 50-95 percent by weight, preferably 55-93 percent by weight or more preferably 60-90 percent by weight of a polyamide and (B) 5-50 percent by weight, preferably 7-45 percent by weight or more preferably 10-40 percent by weight of a modified polyolefin containing in the side chains 0.005-5 mol percent, preferably 0.01-4.5 mol percent or more preferably 0.02-4 mol percent of a functional group or groups expressed by the following formulas (I) and/or (II) and 0.005-5 mol percent, preferably 0.008-4 mol percent or more preferably 0.01-3 mol percent of a functional group or groups expressed by the formulas (III) and/or (IV). ##STR2## Here, R 1  represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group, and R 2 , R 3  and R 4  represent respectively a hydrogen atom or aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic residue having 1-30 carbon atoms, preferably R 2  being a functional group chosen from alkyl having 1-10 carbon atoms, phenyl, cyclohexyl and benzyl groups and R 3  and R 4  being respectively a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, and M represents a hydrogen atom or a metallic ion of a valence of 1-3. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Polyamides used in the present invention are polymers having an amide bond, and the components may be chosen from amino acids such as 6-aminocaproic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, 12-aminododecanoic acid, para-aminomethylbenzoic acid, lactams such as ε-caprolactam and ω-laurolactam, diamines such as tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, undecamethylenediamine, dodecamethylenediamine, 2,2,4-/2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 5-methylnonamethylenediamine metaxylylenediamine, paraxylylenediamine, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane, bis(3-methyl-4-aminocyclohexyl)methane, 2,2-bis(aminocyclohexyl)propane, bis(aminopropyl)piperazine and aminoethyl piperazine, and dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, dodecanedioic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2-chloroterephthalic acid, 2-methylterephthalic acid, 5-methylisophthalic acid, 5-sodium-sulfoisophthalic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid and diglycolic acid. Particularly, the useful polyamides according to the present invention are polycaproamide (nylon 6), polyhexamethyleneadipamide (nylon 66), polyhexamethylenesebacamide (nylon 610), polyhexamethylenedodecamide (nylon 612), polyundecanamide (nylon 11), polydodecanamide (nylon 12), polytrimethylhexamethyleneterephthalamide (nylon TMDT), polyhexamethyleneisophthalamide (nylon 6I), polyhexamethyleneterephthalamide (nylon 6T), polybis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methanedodecamide (nylon PACM 12), polymetaxyleneadipamide (nylon MXD 6), polyundecamethyleneterephthalamide (nylon 11T), polydedecamethyleneterephthalamide (nylon 12T), and their copolymers and mixtures. 
     The polyamides used here have no restriction in the degree of polymerization, and those of a relative viscosity within the range of 1.5-5.0 can be chosen, as desired. For the manufacturing method of polyamide, there is no restriction, and the polyamides can be prepared by any well-known method such as melt polymerization or solid phase polymerization. 
     The polyolefin used according to the present invention is a polymer which has as a main component an α-olefin or diene of a carbon atom number of 2-20 such as, for example, ethylene, propylene, butene-1, pentene-1, 4-methylpentene-1, isobutylene, 1,4-hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene, 2,5-norbonadiene, 5-ethyl-2,5-norbornadiene, 5-ethylidenenorbornene, 5-(1&#39;-propenyl)-2-norbornene, butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene. 
     As a specific example of polyolefin particularly useful according to the present invention, there may be cited polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, poly(4-methylpentene-1), poly(ethylene/propylene), poly(ethylene/butene-1), poly(ethylene/propylene/1,4-hexadiene), poly(ethylene/propylene/dicyclopentadiene), poly(ethylene/propylene/2,5-norbornadiene) or poly(ethylene/propylene/5-ethylidenenorbornene). For the degree of polymerization of the polyolefin, there is no restriction particularly, and a polyolefin of a melt index within the range of 0.05-50 g/10 min can be chosen, as desired. Also, for the manufacturing method of polyolefin, there is no restriction, and a well-known method such as high pressure radical polymerization, low pressure catalytic method or solution polymerization is usable. 
     The α,β-unsaturated imide and α,β-unsaturated amide compounds used according to the present invention include, for example, maleimide, N-methylmaleimide, N-ethylmaleimide, N-propylmaleimide, N-butylmaleimide, N-octylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide, N-(o-methylphenyl)-maleimide, N-(m-methylphenyl)maleimide, N-(p-methylphenyl)maleimide, N-(methoxyphenyl)maleimide, N-(chlorophenyl)maleimide, N-(carboxyphenyl)maleimide, N-benzylmaleimide, N-naphthylmaleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, itaconimide, N-methylitaconimide, N-phenylitaconimide, acrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N-propylacrylamide, N-butylacrylamide, N-octylacrylamide, N-stearylacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide, N-cyanoethylacrylamide, N-phenylacrylamide, N-tolylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N,N-diethylacrylamide, N-methyl-N-ethylacrylamide, diacetoneacrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylmethacrylamide, N-propylmethacrylamide, N-butylmethacrylamide, N-stearylmethacrylamide, N-methylolmethacrylamide, N-hydroxymethylmethacrylamide, N-cyanoethylmethacrylamide, N-phenylmethacrylamide, N-benzylmethacrylamide, N,N-dimethylmethacrylamide and N,N-diethylmethacrylamide. 
     Unsaturated imide compounds and unsaturated amide compounds preferably usable according to the present invention are those melting at 180° C. or lower and boiling at 200° C. or higher under atmospheric pressure, and particularly, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, N-benzylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide, N-(carboxyphenyl)maleimide, acrylamide and methacrylamide are adequate compounds. 
     The α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids and α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides usable according to the present invention include, for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, methylmaleic acid, methylfumaric acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, glutaconic acid, methyl hydrogen maleate, ethyl hydrogen maleate, butyl hydrogen maleate, methyl hydrogen itaconate, ethyl hydrogen itaconate, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride and citraconic anhydride. Among the unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives, those melting at 180° C. or lower and boiling at 200° C. or higher under atmospheric pressure are preferably usable, and particularly suitable compounds are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, methyl hydrogen maleate, maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride. 
     It is one of the features of the method of the present invention to use both of (c) α,β-unsaturated imide or α,β-unsaturated amide compounds and (d) α,β-unsaturated carboxylic compound or α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride. Unsaturated imide and unsaturated amide compounds are effective for improving the compatibility of polyolefin to polyamide and have further a function not to degrade the molding fluidity. The unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative participates in the reaction of polyolefin with polyamide, and when the polyolefin is not well fixed in the polyamide matrix, the melt compounded gut is of poor spinnability, resulting in decrease of manufacturing efficiency. When the unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative is added in an excessive amount, the polyolefin reacts with the polyamide while it undergoes cross-linking, and so the flow of the whole compound is extremely deteriorated. Thus, the α,β-unsaturated imide compound and the α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid compound or its anhydride play a different role respectively, and only when both are present, a valuable product is provided. 
     The organic peroxides used according to the present invention include, for example, cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexyne-(3), 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, diiospropylbenzene hydroperoxide, p-methane hydroperoxide, 1,1-bis-t-butylperoxy-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, n-butyl-4,4-bis-t-butylperoxy valerate and t-butylperoxy benzoate. According to the method of the invention, the peroxide should decompose quickly at the melt compounding temperature, and organic peroxides of which the decomposition temperature showing a half-life of 1 minute is within the range of 150°-250° C. are preferably used. 
     According to the invention, to 100 parts by weight of a mixture of (a) 50-95% by weight, preferably 55-93% by weight or more preferably 60-90% by weight of a polyamide and (b) 5-50% by weight, preferably 7-45% by weight or more preferably 10-40% by weight of a polyolefin are added (c) 0.02-5 parts by weight, preferably 0.05-3 parts by weight or more preferably 0.07-1 part by weight of an α,β-unsaturated imide compound and/or α,β-unsaturated amide compound, (d) 0.01-3 parts by weight, preferably 0.02-1 part by weight or more preferably 0.05-0.8 part by weight of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid compound and/or α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride and (e) 0.001-0.8 part by weight, preferably 0.04-0.5 part by weight or more preferably 0.008-0.2 part by weight of an organic peroxide, and the mixture is melt compounded. 
     Deviation of the proportion of mixture of the polyamide and polyolefin from the foregoing limiting range is not desirable in that the intended balance of mechanical properties such as impact resistance and rigidity is not achieved. 
     Lower amounts of addition of the modifiers, that is, α,β-unsaturated imide compound, α,β-unsaturated amide compound and α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative than the lower limit values specified as above are not desirable in that the compatibility of polyamide and polyolefin is deteriorated and that the impact resistance and other mechanical properties are degraded. On the other hand, if the amounts of the modifiers exceed the foregoing upper limit values, all of the modifiers are not consumed for modification of the polyolefin, and the remaining modifiers bleed out on the surface of the mold to impair the appearance or cause undesirable phenomena such as deterioration of the stability of polyolefin. 
     According to the present invention, the polyamide and polyolefin in the form of pellets, powder or chips are usually premixed with the α,β-unsaturated imide compound, α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid compound or its anhydride and organic peroxide, and then is fed to a single or multiple screw extruder having a sufficient compounding capacity for melt compounding. 
     According to the method of the invention, the polyolefin is partially cross-linked during the process of compounding. The extent of cross-linking can be determined by the solubility to a solvent. From the following experiment, it was found that before melt compounding with a polyamide, a poly(ethylene/propylene) copolymer completely soluble in a solvent such as toluene, when dispersed in the polyamide matrix according to the method of the invention, would have a cross-linked structure having an insoluble part in the solvent. That is, the poly(ethylene/propylene) copolymer remaining after hydrolysis of the polyamide with hydrochloric acid did not completely dissolve in toluene and had a cross-linked insoluble part present. According to the method of the invention, it has become possible to finely disperse a partially cross-linked modified polyolefin in a polyamide matrix which has not been conceivable by the common knowledge heretofore maintained. As the rubber component is cross-linked, the impact resistance and rigidity are further improved, and a material of a very high practical value is obtainable. 
     The resin compositions of the present invention may have any other component or components such as pigment, dye, reinforcing agent, filler, heat stabilizer, antioxidant, weather stabilizer, lubricant, nuleating agent, antiblocking agent, mold releasing agent, plasticizer, flame retarding agent, antistatic agent and any other polymer added thereto so long as the moldability and physical properties are not damaged. 
     The resin compositions of the invention are applicable to injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, compression molding and other molding processes ordinarily used for the thermoplastic resins, and when molded, they provide molds having the well balanced mechanical properties which are useful as automobile parts, mechanical parts, electric and electronic parts and general goods. 
    
    
     The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to some embodiments. Evaluation of the characteristics of the polymers and molds noted in the embodying examples and references was made according to the following methods. 
     (1) Relative viscosity of polyamide: JIS K6810 
     (2) Melt index: JIS K7210 
     (3) Tensile properties: ASTM D638 
     (4) Flexural properties: ASTM D790 
     (5) Izod impact strength: ASTM D256 
     (6) Injection molding flow: Spiral flow length evaluated 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Through melt polymerization of ε-caprolactum, nylon 6 of a relative viscosity of 3.10 was prepared. Polymerizing a mixture of 75 mol % of ethylene and 25 mol % of propylene, a poly(ethylene/propylene) copolymer was prepared. For a total 100 parts by weight of nylon 6 75% by weight and poly(ethylene/propylene) copolymer 25% by weight, 0.4 part by weight of N-cyclohexylmaleimide, 0.3 part by weight of maleic anhydride and 0.1 part by weight of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexyne-(3) were added, and the whole was premixed, then it was melted and compounded at 250° C. with a 60 mmφ twin screw extruder used into pellets. Spinnability of the gut discharged out of the extruder was very stable, and gut cutting occurred scarcely during the continuous run for long hours. 
     The pellet obtained here was subjected to analysis and test according to the following method. 
     The pellet was treated with hydrochloric acid for hydrolysis of the nylon .part, and then infrared absorption spectrum of the residue was examined. The residue had absorptions noted at 1460 cm -1 , 1380 cm -1  and 710 cm -1  and was thus found to be a modified poly(ethylene/propylene) copolymer. This remaining modified poly(ethylene/propylene) copolymer did not completely dissolve in toluene and was thus found to be partially cross-linked during the compounding process. It was confirmed that the original poly(ethylene/propylene) copolymer completely dissolve in toluene and that the partial cross-linking was not caused by the hydrochloric acid treatment. 
     Next, the pellet obtained here was vacuum dried and was injection molded into a test specimen, and the flow at the time of molding and the mechanical properties of the test specimen thus obtained were tested, as shown in Table 1. As shown, it was found to be a material of high practical value. 
     REFERENCE 1 
     To 100 parts by weight of the poly(ethylene/propylene) copolymer used in Example 1, 1.6 parts by weight of N-cyclohexylmaleimide, 1.2 parts by weight of maleic anhydride and 0.4 part by weight of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexyne-(3) were added, and the mixture was compounded at 250° C. with a 40 mmφ extruder used. The modified poly(ethylene/propylene) copolymer obtained here did not completely dissolve in toluene and was found to be cross-linked. 
     To nylon 6 used in Example 1, 25% by weight of this cross-linked modified poly(ethylene/propylene) copolymer was added, then the mixture was compounded under the same condition to that of Example 1, and the physical properties of the injection molded test specimen were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1. It was thus found that according to the method of mixing and compounding the cross-linked polyolefin with the nylon, dispersion of the polyolefin would not be good, the impact resistance would not be satisfactory and the surface appearance of the mold would be poor and that it would be inadequate unless the partial cross-linking and modification of polyolefin would proceed simultaneously during compounding process with nylon. 
     REFERENCES 2 to 5 
     The amounts of N-cyclohexylmaleimide and maleic anhydride in Example 1 were changed as shown in Table 1, and without otherwise changing Example 1 an evaluation of the mechanical properties of the extruder compounded and injection molded test specimens was carried out. It was found as shown by Table 1 that extreme depression of spinability, melt flowability or mechanical properties occurred when the amounts of modifiers deviate from the ranges specified in the invention. 
     Where a conventional horizontal arrow appears in any column of any of the following Tables, the arrow indicates the same representation as appeared in the horizontally adjacent space in the column immediately to the left. For example the top entry in Reference 1 of Table 1 is &#34;N-6&#34; which is the entry appearing under the heading &#34;Example 1&#34;. 
     
                                           TABLE 1                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
                  Example 1                                               
                         Reference 1                                      
                                Reference 2                               
                                         Reference 3                      
                                                Reference                 
                                                        Reference         
__________________________________________________________________________
                                                        5                 
(a)                                                                       
  Polyamide       N-6    →                                         
                                → →                         
                                                →                  
                                                        →          
  (Relative viscosity)                                                    
                  (3.10) (→)                                       
                                (→)                                
                                         (→)                       
                                                (→)                
                                                        (→)        
  (Compounding) (Weight %)                                                
                  (75)   (→)                                       
                                (→)                                
                                         (→)                       
                                                (→)                
                                                        (→)        
(b)                                                                       
  Polyolefin      EPR    →                                         
                                → →                         
                                                →                  
                                                        →          
  (Melt index) (g/10 min)                                                 
                  (7)    (→)                                       
                                (→)                                
                                         (→)                       
                                                (→)                
                                                        (→)        
  (Compounding) (Weight %)                                                
                  (25)   (→)                                       
                                (→)                                
                                         (→)                       
                                                (→)                
                                                        (→)        
(c)                                                                       
  Unsaturated imide compound                                              
                  NCHM   →                                         
                                → →                         
                                                →                  
                                                        →          
  (Addition) (Parts by weight/                                            
                  (0.4)  →                                         
                                → (0)    (10)    (0.4)             
  100 Parts by weight)                                                    
(d)                                                                       
  Unsaturated carboxylic acid or                                          
                  MLA    →                                         
                                → →                         
                                                →                  
                                                        →          
  its anhydride                                                           
  (Addition) (Parts by weight/                                            
                  (0.3)  (→)                                       
                                (0)      (0.3)  →                  
                                                        (10)              
  100 Parts by weight)                                                    
(e)                                                                       
  Organic peroxide                                                        
                  DBPH   →                                         
                                → →                         
                                                →                  
                                                        →          
  (Addition) (Parts by weight/                                            
                  (0.1)  (→)                                       
                                (→)                                
                                         (→)                       
                                                (→)                
                                                        (→)        
  100 Parts by weight)                                                    
Compounding method                                                        
                  One-stage                                               
                         Two-stage                                        
                                One-stage                                 
                                         →                         
                                                →                  
                                                        →          
Discharge from extruder                                                   
                  Stable, good                                            
                         Practicable                                      
                                Poor spinnability                         
                                         Gut cutting                      
                                                Gut tending               
                                                        Viscosity         
                                of gut   frequently                       
                                                to foam increasing        
                                                        abnormally        
Injection molding flow                                                    
(Spiral flow length) (mm)                                                 
                  110    83     118      76     113     28                
Tensile strength (kg/cm.sup.2)                                            
                  500    450    510      500    480     500               
Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2)                                           
                  700    700    710      710    650     700               
Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2)                                            
                  18,200 18,300 18,500   18,300 17,600  18,000            
Izod impact strength                                                      
                  65     13     32       65     60      63                
(kg · cm/cm notch)                                               
Mold surface appearance                                                   
                  Good   Lusterless &amp;                                     
                                Good     Ordinary                         
                                                Bleed-out                 
                                                        Not good          
                         not good                                         
__________________________________________________________________________
 (a) N6: Nylon 6;                                                         
 (b) EPR: Poly(ethylene/propylene) copolymer;                             
 (c) NCHM: Ncyclohexylmaleimide;                                          
 (d) MLA: Maleic anhydride;                                               
 (e) DBPH: 2,5dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexyne-(3)                    
 Injection molding flow: Temperature, 250° C.; Injection pressure, 
 1,000 kg/cm.sup.2 ; Test specimen thickness, 1.0 mm                      
 Mechanical properties: 23° C., dry                                
 
    
     EXAMPLES 2 to 29 
     Changing the types and quantities of the polyamide, polyolefin, modifiers and peroxide and operating similarly to Example 1, the discharge stability from the extruder, injection molding flow and physical properties of the molded test specimens were tested, with the results shown in Table 2. It was found that in any case shown in Table 2, a material distinguished in extrusion workability, injection molding flow and mechanical properties would be obtainable. 
     
         TABLE 2
   Example 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
   (a) Polyamide.sup.(i)  Type N-66 N-610 N-612 N-12 N-6/66:85/15
 N-6/66:10/90 N-6/12:80/20  Relative viscosity 2.90 2.50 2.50 2.30 3.40
 3.10 2.70  Compounding (Weight %) 80 70 60 80 70 75 80 (b) Polyolefin.sup
 .(ii)  Type E/PP PP PMP PE E/BT → →  Melt index (g/10 min)
 7 13 25 20 5 → →  Compounding (Weight %) 20 30 40 20 30 25
 20 (c) Unsaturated imide or amide N-phenylmaleimide → →
 → N-ethylmaleimide → N-butylmaleimide  compound 0.3
 → → → 0.25 → 0.4  Addition (Parts by weight/
  100 Parts by weight) (d) Unsaturated carboxylic acid or Maleic anhydride
  → → → Maleic acid → Methacrylic acid  its
 anhydride  Addition (Parts by weight/ 0.15 → → →
 0.2 → 0.2  100 Parts by weight) (e) Organic peroxide Cumene
 hydroperoxide → → → → Butylperoxy benzoate
 →  Addition (Parts by weight/ 0.07 →  → →
 → 0.05 0.08  100 Parts by weight) Discharge from extruder Good
 → → → → → → Polyolefin
 cross-linking Yes → → → → → →
 Injection molding temperature (°C.) 280 250 270 230 250 270 230
 Injection molding pressure (kg/cm.sup.2) 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
 1,000 1,000 Injection molding spiral flow 103 110 85 100 90 100 92
 length (mm) Tensile strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 550 650 660 440 430 450 420
 Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 780 810 830 650 650 680 630 Flexural
 modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 18,800 23,200 24,000 14,000 17,000 17,100 15,000
 Izod impact strength (kg · cm/cm notch) 55 15 18 90 Not broken
 73 Not broken
    Examples 9 10 11 12  13 14 15
   (a) Polyamide.sup.(i)  Type N-6I N-MXD6 N-PACM12 N-TMDT N-12T N-6I/PACM
 T:50/50 N-6  Relative viscosity 2.10 2.50 2.30 2.60 2.40 1.85 2.80
 Compounding (Weight %) 65 70 60 70 75 60 80 (b) Polyolefin.sup.(ii)
 Type E/PP/DCPD → E/PP/ND → E/PP/EN → →  Melt
 index (g/10 min) 2.5 → 5 → 0.8 → →  Compoundi
 ng (Weight %) 35 30 40 30 25 40 20 (c) Unsaturated imide or amide
 N-(p-methylphenyl) → Itaconimide → N-(Carboxphenyl)
 → →  compound maleimide    maleimide  Addition (Parts by
 weight/ 0.3 → 0.5 → → → →  100 Parts
 by weight) (d) Unsaturated carboxylic acid or Itaconic anhydride
 → Ethyl hydrogen → Methylmaleic acid → →
 its anhydride   maleate  Addition (Parts by weight/ 0.15 → 0.2
 → 0.25 → →  100 Parts by weight) (e) Organic
 peroxide Butylcumyl → → → → Dimethyl(butylper
 oxy) →   peroxide     hexane  Addition (Parts by weight/ 0.08
 → 0.12 → → 0.06 →  100 Parts by weight
 Discharge from extruder Good → → → →
 → →  Polyolefin cross-linking Yes → →
 → → → → Injection molding temperature
 (°C.) 250 250 270 230 250 270 230 Injection molding pressure
 (kg/cm.sup.2) 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Injection
 molding spiral flow 70 110 85 100 90 100 92 length (mm) Tensile strength
 (kg/cm.sup.2) 450 520 530 550 540 520 550 Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2)
  650 700 720 760 750 710 760 Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 17,000
 18,400 18,600 19,200 19,500 15,600 19,000 Izod impact strength (kg
 ·
  cm/cm notch) 43 40 33 30 41 55 83
 Examples 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
   (a) Polyamide.sup.(i)  Type N-6 N-610 N-612 N-12 N-6/66:85/15 N-6/66:10
 /90 N-6/12:80/20  Relative viscosity 2.90 2.50 2.50 2.30 3.40 3.10 2.70
 Compounding (Weight %) 80 70 60 80 70 75 80 (b) Polyolefin.sup.(ii)
 Type E/PP PP PM PE E/BT → →  Melt index (g/10 min) 7 13 25
 20 5 → →  Compounding (Weight %) 20 30 40 20 30 25 20 (c)
 Unsaturated imide or amide Methacrylamide → → →
 N-ethylacrylamide → N-butylacrylamide  compound 0.3 →
 → → 0.25 → 0.4  Addition (Parts by weight/  100
 Parts by weight) (d) Unsaturated carboxylic acid or Maleic anhydride
 → → → Maleic acid → Methacrylic acid  its
 anhydride  Addition (Parts by weight/ 0.3 → → → 0.2
 → 0.2  100 Parts by weight) (e) Organic peroxide Cumene hydroperox
 ide → → → → Butylperoxy benzoate →
 Addition (Parts by weight/ 0.07 → → → → 0.05
 0.08  100 Parts by weight) Discharge from extruder Good →
 → → → → → Polyolefin cross-linking
 Yes → → → → → → Injection
 molding temperature (°C.) 280 250 270 230 250 270 230 Injection
 molding pressure (kg/cm.sup.2) 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
 Injection molding spiral flow 100 110 85 100 80 105 90 length (mm)
 Tensile strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 550 650 660 440 420 450 420 Flexural
 strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 780 810 830 650 650 670 630 Flexural modulus
 (kg/cm.sup.2) 18,500 23,200 24,000 14,000 17,000 17,100 15,000 Izod
 impact strength (kg · cm/cm notch) 52 16 20 85 Not broken 70
 Not broken
    Examples 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
   (a) Polyamide.sup.(1)  Type N-6I N-MXD6 N-PACM12 N-TMDT N-12T N-6IPACMT
 :50/50 N-6  Relative viscosity 2.10 2.50 2.30 2.60 2.40 1.85 2.80
 Compounding (Weight %) 65 70 60 70 75 60 80 (b) Polyolefin.sup.(ii)
 Type E/PP/DCPD → E/PP/ND → E/PP/EN → →  Melt
 index (g/10 min) 2.5 → 5 → 0.8 → →  Compoundi
 ng (Weight %) 35 30 40 30 25 40 20 (c) Unsaturated imide or amide
 N-phenylacrylamide → N,N-dimethyl- → N-hydroxymethyl-
 → →  compound   acrylamide  acrylamide  Addition (Parts by
 weight/ 0.3 → 0.5 → → → →  100 Parts
 by weight) (d) Unsaturated carboxylic acid or Itaconic anhydride
 → Itaconic hydrogen →  Methylmaleic acid → →
  its anhydride  Addition (Parts by weight/ 0.15 → 0.2 →
 0.25 → →  100 Parts by weight) (e) Organic peroxide
 Butylcumyl → → → → Dimethyl(butylperoxy)
 →   peroxide     hexane  Addition (Parts by weight/ 0.08 →
 0.12 → → 0.06 →  100 Parts by weight) Discharge
 from extruder Good → → → → → →
 Polyolefin cross-linking Yes → → → →
 → → Injection molding temperature (°C.) 250 270 300
 300 300 300 250 Injection molding pressure (kg/cm.sup.2) 1,000 1,000
 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Injection molding spiral flow 65 80 72 77
 80 75 120 length (mm) Tensile strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 440 520 530 550 540
 520 550 Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 650 700 720 760 760 710 760
 Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 17,000 18,400 18,600 19,200 19,500 15,500
 19,000 Izod impact strength (kg · cm/cm notch) 41 36 30 27 42
 52 80
 .sup.(i) Polyamide
 N6: Polycaproamide; N66: Polyhexamethyleneadipamide; N610:
 Polyhexamethylenesebacamide; N612: Polyhexamethylenedodecamide; N12:
 Polydodecanamide; N6/66 (85/15): Poly(caproamide/hexamethyleneadipamide)
 copolymer (weight %); N6/66 (10/90): Same as above; N6/12 (80/20):
 Poly(caproamide/dodecaneamide) copolymer (weight %); N6I:
 Polyhexamethyleneisophthalamide; NMXD6: Polymetaxyleneadipamide; NPACM12:
 Polybis(4aminocyclohexyl)methanedodecamide; NTMDT:
 Polytrimethylhexamethylen eterephthalamide; N12T:
 Polydodecamethyleneterephthalamide; N6I/PACMT (50/50):
 Poly(hexamethyleneisophthalamide/bis(4aminocyclohexyl)
 methaneterephthalamide) copolymer (weight %).
 .sup.(ii) Polyolefin
 E/PP: Poly(ethylene/propylene) copolymer (80/20 molar %); PP:
 Polypropylene; PMP: Poly(4methylpentene-1); PE: Polyethylene; E/BT:
 Poly(ethylene/butene1) copolymer (85/15 molar %); E/PP/DCPD:
 Poly(ethylene/propylene/cyclopentadiene) copolymer (70/20/10 molar %);
 E/PP/ND: Poly(ethylene/propylene/norbornadiene) copolymer (65/25/10 molar
 %); E/PP/EN: Poly(ethylene/propylene/5ethylidenenorbornene) copolymer
 (70/25/5 molar %).
 
    
     EXAMPLE 30 
     Nylon 6 of a relative viscosity of 2.80 was prepared by melt polymerization of ε-caprolactam. To an ethylene/propylene copolymer consisting of 80 molar percent of ethylene and 20 molar percent of propylene, N-phenylmaleimide and maleic anhydride were added together with a small amount of di-t-butylperoxide, and by compounding the mixture at 200° C. with an extruder used, a modified polyolefin of a melt index of 1 g/10 min having 0.3 molar percent of N-phenylmaleimide and 0.05 molar percent of maleic anhydride graft introduced was prepared. 
     Weighing 70% by weight of nylon 6 and 30% by weight of the copolymer of poly(ethylene/propylene)-g-N.phenyl maleimide and maleic anhydride, they were premixed then successively melt compounded at 250° C. with a 60 mmφ extruder used, and the discharge stability was examined. The gut discharged from the extruder was of very good spinnability and was scarcely cut during long hours of continuous run. 
     The composition obtained here was vacuum dried then injection molded into a test specimen for measurement of the mechanical properties. With the results shown in Table 3 it was found to be a material having a high practical value. 
     REFERENCES 6 to 9 
     The amounts of N-phenylmaleimide and maleic anhydride in Example 30 were changed as shown in Table 3, and without otherwise changing Example 30 an evaluation of the mechanical properties of the extruder compounded and injection molded test specimens was carried out. It was found as shown in Table 3 that remarkable decrease in the stability of melt gut, melt flowability, or mechanical properties occurred when the modification of polyolefin was carried out in the ranges deviated from specification of the invention. 
     
                                           TABLE 3                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
                    Example 30  Reference 6                               
                                         Reference 7                      
                                                Reference                 
                                                        Reference         
__________________________________________________________________________
                                                        9                 
(A) Polyamide       N-6         → →                         
                                                →                  
                                                        →          
    (Relative viscosity)                                                  
                    (2.80)      (→)                                
                                         (→)                       
                                                (→)                
                                                        (→)        
(B) Modified polyolefin                                                   
                    EPR-g-NPMI/MLA                                        
                                → →                         
                                                →                  
                                                        →          
    (Functional group) (Molar %)                                          
                    (0.3/0.05)  (0.3/0)  (0/0.05)                         
                                                (5/0.05)                  
                                                        (0.3/3)           
    (Melt index) (g/10 min)                                               
                    (1.0)       (→)                                
                                         (→)                       
                                                (→)                
                                                        (→)        
Compounding (A)/(B) (Weight %)                                            
                    70/30       → →                         
                                                →                  
                                                        →          
Discharge from extruder                                                   
                    Good        Surging occurring                         
                                         Gut cutting                      
                                                Greatly                   
                                                        Viscosity         
                                frequently; Poor                          
                                         frequently     increasing        
                                take-off of dis-        abnormally        
                                charged gut                               
Injection molding flow                                                    
(Spiral flow length (mm)                                                  
                    100         120      110    90      45                
Tensile strength (kg/cm.sup.2)                                            
                    480         490      480    450     450               
Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2)                                           
                    690         690      690    640     650               
Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2)                                            
                    17,200      17,300   17,200 16,900  17,000            
Izod impact strength (kg · cm/cm notch)                          
                    90          40       48     90      90                
__________________________________________________________________________
 (A) N6: Nylon 6;                                                         
 (B) EPRg-NPMI/MLA: Poly(ethylene/propylene)g-N.phenylmaleimide and maleic
 anhydride copolymer;                                                     
 Injection molding flow: Temperature, 250° C.; Injection pressure, 
 1,000 kg/cm.sup.2 ; Test specimen thickness, 1.0 mm                      
 Mechanical properties: 23° C., dry                                
 
    
     EXAMPLES 31 to 66 
     Changing the types and quantities of the polyamide and polyolefin and operating similarly to Example 30, the discharge stability of the gut from the extruder, injection moldability of the compositions and physical properties of the molded test specimens were evaluated, with the results shown in Table 4. It was found that in any of the cases shown in Table 4, there would be provided a material showing distinguished extrusion workability, injection molding flow and impact resistance. 
     
         TABLE 4
   Examples 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
   (A) Polyamide.sup.(a)  Type N-66 N-610 N-612 N-12 N-6/66:85/15
 N-6/66:10/90 N-6/12:80/20 N-6I N-MXD6 N-PACM12 N-TMDT N-12T N-6I/PACMT:50
 /50  Relative viscosity 2.90 2.50 2.50 2.30 3.40 3.10 2.70 2.10 2.50
 2.30 2.60 2.40 1.85  Compounding (Weight %) 75 80 60 80 70 70 80 50 70
 75 70 70 70 (B) Modified polyolefin.sup.(b)  Type [A] [A] [B] [B] [C]
 [C] [C] [D] [D] [D] [E] [E] [E]  Melt index (g/10 min) 1.0 1.0 5.0 5.0
 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 8.4 8.4 8.4  Compounding (Weight %) 25 20 40 20
 30 30 20 50 30 25 30 30 30 Discharge from extruder Good →
 → → → → → Good → →
 → → → Injection molding Temperature (°C.)
 280 250 250 230 250 270 230 250 270 300 300 300 300 Injection pressure
 (kg/cm.sup.2 ) 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Spiral flow length (mm) 95 110 80 100 90 105 100
 67 88 97 74 80 71 Tensile strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 510 450 430 430 430 440
 420 450 520 530 550 540 580 Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 720 640 620
 640 650 670 620 630 700 720 760 740 750 Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2)
 18,000 17,000 15,200 15,300 16,500 16,800 15,000 17,100 18,500 18,800
 19,800 17,800 18,800 Izod impact strength (kg · cm/cm notch) 80
 85 Not broken 95 90 73 Not broken 68 44 52 39 50 45
    Examples 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
   (A) Polyamide.sup.(a)  Type N-6 N-6 N-66 N-66 N-66 N-66 N-610 N-612
 N-12 N-6/66:85/15 N-6/66:10/90 N-6/12:80/20 N-6I N-MXD6 N-PACM12
 Relative viscosity 2.80 2.80 2.50 3.00 3.00 2.90 2.50 2.50 2.30 3.40
 3.10 2.70 2.10 2.50 2.30  Compounding (Weight %) 70 75 50 70 70 75 80 60
 80 70 70 80 50 70 75 (B) Modified polyolefin.sup.(b)  Type [F] [G] [H]
 [I] [I] [A] [A] [B] [B] [C] [C] [C] [D] [D] [D]  Melt index (g/10 min)
 20 10 15 5.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 5.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6  Compounding
 (Weight %) 30 25 50 30 30 25 20 40 20 30 30 20 50 30 25 Discharge from
 extruder → Good → → → Good → →
 → → → → Good → → Injection
 molding Temperature (°C.) 250 250 280 275 275 280 250 250 230 250
 270 230 250 270 300 Injection pressure (kg/cm.sup.2) 1,000 1,000 1,000
 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
 Spiral flow length (mm) 150 110 120 90 82 90 100 70 90 85 100 90 60 85
 90 Tensile strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 650 580 700 520 500 540 450 480 430
 430 440 420 450 520 580 Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 800 700 950 680
 650 750 640 650 640 650 680 620 630 730 720 Flexural modulus (kg/cm.sup.2
 ) 23,000 19,500 25,500 16,800 16,500 18,000 17,000 15,200 15,300 16,700
 16,800 15,200 17,200 18,500 18,800 Izod impact strength (kg ·
 cm/cm notch) 15 80 15 90 80 80 80 Not broken 95 90 78 Not broken 70 45
 52   Examples 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66
   (A) Polyamide.sup.(a)  Type N-TMDT N-12T N-6I/PACMT:50/50 N-6 N-6 N-66
 N-66 N-66  Relative viscosity 2.60 2.40 1.85 2.80 2.80 2.50 3.00 3.00
 Compounding (Weight %) 70 70 70 70 75 50 70 70 (B) Modified polyolefin.su
 p.(b)  Type [E] [E] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [I]  Melt index (g/10 min) 8.4
 8.4 8.4 20 10 15 5.0 1.0  Compounding (Weight %) 30 30 30 30 25 50 30 30 D
 ischarge from extruder → → → → Good →
 → → Injection molding Temperature (°C.) 300 300 300
 250 250 280 275 275 Injection pressure (kg/cm.sup.2) 1,000 1,000 1,000
 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Spiral flow length (mm) 70 75 70 140 100
 110 85 80 Tensile strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 550 540 580 660 580 700 520 520
 Flexural strength (kg/cm.sup.2) 760 760 760 800 700 960 690 650 Flexural
 modulus (kg/cm.sup.2) 19,600 17,800 18,800 23,000 19,600 25,500 16,800
 16,500 Izod impact strength (kg · cm/cm notch) 39 50 50 15 82
 16 90 80
 .sup.(a) Polyamide
 N6: Polycaproamide; N66: Polyhexamethyleneadipamide; N610:
 Polyhexamethylenesebacamide; N612: Polyhexamethylenedodecamide; N12:
 Polydodecanamide; N6/66 (85/15): Poly(caproamide/hexamethyleneadipamide)
 copolymer (% by weight); N6/66 (10/90): Same as above; N6/12 (80/20):
 Poly(caproamide/dodecanamide) copolymer (% by weight); N6I:
 Polyhexamethyleneisophthalamide; NMXD6: Polymethaxylyleneadipamide;
 NPACM12: Polybis(4aminocyclohexyl)methanedodecamide; NTMDT:
 Polytrimethylhexame thylenephthalamide; N12T:
 Polydodecamethyleneterephthalamide; N6I/PACMT (50/50):
 Poly(hexamethyleneisophthalamide/bis(4aminocyclohexyl)methaneterephthalam
de) copolymer (% by weight).
  .sup.(b) Modified polyolefin
 [A]: Poly(ethylene/propylene): 80/20 (molar percent) copolymer having 0.3
 molar percent of Nphenylmaleimide and 0.05 molar percent of maleic
 anhydride grafted.
 [B]: Poly(ethylene/propylene): 80/20 (molar percent) copolymer having 0.5
 molar percent of maleimide and 0.1 molar percent of fumaric acid grafted.
 [C]: Poly(ethylene/butene1): 85/15 (molar percent) copolymer having 0.5
 molar percent of N(p-methylphenyl)maleimide and 0.04 molar percent of
 itaconic anhydride grafted.
 [D]: Poly(ethylene/propylene/dicyclopentadiene): 70/20/10 (molar percent)
 copolymer having 1 molar percent of Nphenylmaleimide and 0.1 molar percen
 of maleic anhydride grafted.
 [E]: Poly(ethylene/propylene/5ethylidenenorbornene): 70/25/5 (molar
 percent) copolymer having 0.1 molar percent of N(carboxyphenyl)maleimide
 grafted.
 [F]: Polypropylene having 0.5 molar percent of Nphenylmaleimide and 0.05
 molar percent of maleic anhydride grafted.
 [G]: Polyethylene having 0.5 molar percent of Nphenylmaleimide and 0.05
 molar percent of maleic anhydride grafted.
 [H]: Poly(4methylpentene-1) having 0.5 molar percent of Nphenylmaleimide
 and 0.05 molar percent of maleic anhydride grafted.
 [I]: Poly(ethylene/maleimide/maleic anhydride): 96/3/1 (molar percent)
 copolymer.
 [J]: Poly(ethylene/propylene/butyl acrylate/maleic anhydride): 80/10/9/1
 (molar percent) copolymer.