Vehicle headlamp system with series high beam daylight running lamp operation
This is a continuation of Ser. No. 123,711, filed 11/23/87, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to daytime running lights for motor vehicles and more particularly to a vehicle headlamp system effective to provide a daytime running lamp (DRL) function with already existing headlamps when the vehicle ignition switch is activated, if permitted by a DRL enabling means. It further provides for automatic change from DRL to normal headlamp operation with activation of the standard headlamp switch and, in one embodiment, automatic DRL latch-off with a signal to the operator if a DRL lamp burns out. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The headlamp system of the invention modifies a vehicle with an engine and an ignition switch effective to enable engine operation with the inclusion of a source of electric power at a predetermined supply voltage, a pair of headlamps on the front of the vehicle, one on each side thereof, a headlamp switch having off and on conditions, a DRL enabling means, first circuit means connecting one of the headlamps in series with the headlamp switch and electric power source, a DRL activating switch effective in a first condition to connect the other of the headlamps in parallel with the one of the headlamps and in a second condition to connect the other of the headlamps in series with the one of the headlamps and the electric power source, and second circuit means responsive to the ignition switch, headlamp switch and DRL enabling means to put the DRL activating switch in its second condition when the ignition switch is activated, the DRL enabling means is enabled and the headlamp switch is in its off condition, whereby the headlamps are both energized at approximately half the predetermined supply voltage for improved visibility of the vehicle to other vehicle operators during vehicle operation when full headlamp operation is not chosen, and otherwise to put the DRL activating switch in its first condition, whereby the headlamps may both be energized with the predetermined supply voltage for illumination of the road for vehicle operation when full headlamp operation is chosen. Further details and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and following description of a preferred embodiment. 
    
    
     SUMMARY OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the invention. 
     FIGS. 2a and 2b show the time variation of voltage at selected in the circuit of FIG. 1 with a burned out high beam filament to help illustrate the detection thereof. 
     FIG. 3 shows a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 1. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     An electric power source such as vehicle battery 10 has a grounded terminal and a hot terminal connected through a standard vehicle ignition switch 11, a park brake on indicator lamp 12 and a DRL enabling means such as park brake switch 13 in series to ground. Park brake switch 13 is a switch activated when the vehicle is in a parked position, even if the engine is operating. It may be associated with a hand operated park or emergency brake or alternatively may be activated in the park position of an automatic transmission. An alternative DRL enabling means might be an operator controlled DRL enabling switch as an option which can be used or not at the operator&#39;s discretion, or a combination of such a discretionary switch and a park brake switch. Other possible embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art. 
     Battery 10 represents any standard vehicle electrical power system optionally including an engine driven alternator, voltage regulator, etc. Such a system generally has an operating voltage of 12-16 volts. Ignition switch 11 represents a standard ignition switch having at least an off or open condition as shown and a closed or on condition in which the circuit is connected therethrough. Park brake switch 13 has an open condition as shown when the mechanism creating the parked condition is not activated and a closed condition connecting the circuit therethrough when the mechanism is activated. 
     Battery 10 is also connected to a standard headlamp switch 15, a portion of which is shown. Headlamp switch 15 has an OFF condition as shown and a PARK condition in which battery 10 is connected to energize park lamps, not shown, as well as, optionally, the energizing coil of a fog lamp relay 16. Headlamp switch 15 further has an ON condition in which battery 10 is connected to a standard beam selector switch 17. Beam selector switch 17 has a LO condition as shown in which headlamp switch 15 is connected through a pair of low beam filaments 18 and 20, one on each side of the front of the vehicle, in parallel to ground. Headlamp switch 15 can be considered to be a combination of a headlamp switch having closed (ON) and open (PARK or OFF) conditions for controlling headlamps and a fog lamp switch having closed (PARK) or open (OFF or ON) conditions for controlling fog lamps, yet to be described. 
     Beam selector switch 17 further has a HI condition in which headlamp switch 15 is connected to the junction of a pair of high beam filaments 23 and 25. High beam filaments 23 and 25 are also located one on each side of the front of the vehicle. The other end of high beam filament 23 is grounded, whereas the other end of high beam filament 25 is connected to ground through a DRL ON indicator lamp 21 and to the armature of a DRL activating switch comprising DRL relay 22 having a normally closed contact connected to ground and a normally open contact. 
     Battery 10 is connected through a fuse 26 to the armature of fog lamp relay 16 so as to be connected therethrough to energize fog lamps 27 and 28 in parallel when fog lamp relay 16 is in an activated condition but not when fog lamp relay 16 is in an inactivated condition as shown. The activating coil of fog lamp relay 16 connects headlamp switch 15 in its park condition to the collector of an NPN Darlington transistor 30 having a grounded emitter, which transistor 30 controls fog lamp activation when headlamp switch 15 is in its park position. The control of fog lamps with or without daytime running lamps will be described in more detail at a later point in this description. 
     DRL relay 22 controls the headlamp configuration. In the inactivated condition shown, the high beam filaments are connected across battery 10 in parallel when headlamp switch 15 is in its ON condition and beam selector switch 17 is in its HI condition. This provides normal high beam operation at full operating voltage and therefore full lamp intensity. However, battery 10 is further connected through a fuse 31 to the normally open contact of DRL relay 22 so that, with DRL relay 22 activated, high beam filaments 23 and 25 are connected in series across battery 10. This is the daytime running light condition which is to be activated when the ignition switch is in its on condition, the park brake switch is in its open condition (DRL enabling switch activated) and headlamp switch 15 is in its PARK or OFF condition. The high beam filaments are thus activated at approximately half normal voltage for less intensity to be seen by other drivers rather than illuminate surroundings for the driver of this vehicle. An indication of DRL operation is provided to the vehicle operator by the energization of DRL on indicator lamp 21 when DRL relay 21 is activated. 
     It should be noted that this operation is for a four lamp system as shown in FIG. 1, wherein each lamp has only one filament. Another possibility is the use of dual filament lamps, wherein the high and low beam filaments are tied together in each lamp on the ground side. In this case, shown in the modification of FIG. 3 with similarly numbered primed components, high and low beam filaments 25&#39; and 20&#39; are both connected to the armature of DRL relay 22&#39;, so that both high and low beam filaments will be energized in series with DRL operation. 
     The activating coil of DRL relay 22 is connected from junction 32 of ignition switch 11 and park brake on indicator lamp 12 to the collector of an NPN Darlington transistor 33 having a grounded emitter so that transistor 33 controls the activation of DRL relay 22. Junction 32 is also connected through a resistor 38 and diodes 40 and 41 in series to the base of transistor 33, which base is connected to its emitter through a biasing resistor 42. Thus, when ignition switch 11 is closed, battery voltage, less two diode drops, is provided to the base of transistor 33, which is thereby biased on to conduct and activate DRL relay 22. 
     However, the activation of DRL relay 22 by transistor 33 is defeated, by circuitry to be described, when park brake switch 13 is closed, when headlamp switch 15 is in its ON condition, or when either of high beam filaments 23 or 25 is burned out. This circuitry obtains a regulated operating voltage from a terminal V DD  connected to terminal 32 through a resistor 35 (100 ohm for a maximum six volt reverse voltage, 470 ohm for 12 volts reverse voltage) and to ground through parallel zener diode 36 (27 v) and capacitor 37 (0.1 uF). This terminal V DD  is connected to all other similarly labeled terminals in the circuit and provides a regulated operating voltage for any integrated circuit chips such as the comparators to be described. The connections are actually direct but are shown as terminals to remove the connecting lines and thus simplify FIG. 1. 
     The circuitry for controlling the operation of transistor 33 includes a comparator 45 with an output connected to the junction of diodes 40 and 41. A diode 43 connects the junction of diode 40 and resistor 38 to the junction 46 of park brake switch 13 and park brake on indicator lamp 12. Comparator 45 is of the type having an output comprising the collector of a grounded emitter transistor: its state is either ground, due to an inverting input at a higher voltage than a non-inverting input, or open collector, with the non-inverting input higher. Thus, transistor 33 may be turned off, even with ignition switch 11 closed, either by the closure of park brake switch 13 or by a ground output of comparator 45. The former occurs when the park brake is activated to close switch 13 (DRL enabling means deactivated); and it causes the junction of diodes 40 and 43 to go to one diode drop above ground, plus, perhaps, a small additional fraction of a volt due to resistance in the park brake switch 13 and its wiring. Diodes 40 and 41 ensure that, in this case, the voltage on the base of transistor 33 is insufficient to turn it on. 
     The activation of DRL relay 22 will also be defeated if the inverting input of comparator 45 is higher than its non-inverting input and the output is thus grounded. This occurs when normal headlamp operation is selected by means of headlamp switch 15, as described hereinafter. When headlamp switch 15 is in its ON condition, battery 10 is connected through headlamp switch 15 and a diode 47 to a junction 48 of a resistor 50 (150K) connected to terminal V DD  and a resistor 51 (400K) connected to the inverting input of comparator 45. This junction 48 is further connected through a diode 53 in series with resistors 52 (20K) and 55 (200K) to ground and, through a resistor 57 (36K) to the non-inverting input of a comparator 56 having an output connected to the junction of resistors 55 and 52 and an inverting input connected through a diode 58 to junction 46 of park brake on lamp 12 and park brake switch 13. The non-inverting input of comparator 45 is connected to the output of comparator 56 and, through a resistor 60 (22K), to terminal V DD . Junction 48 is further connected through a resistor 62 (120K) to the junction of high beam filaments 23 and 25. 
     Assuming comparator 56 has an open collector output, resistors 60 and 55 will establish a voltage of 0.90 V DD  on the non-inverting input of comparator 45 when ignition switch 11 closes. With headlamp switch 15 in the ON condition, battery voltage will be connected through diode 47 to junction 48 to produce a voltage at the inverting input of comparator 45 of approximately 0.95 V DD  ; and the output of comparator 45 will thus be ground, whereby the activation of DRL relay 22 is defeated. If headlamp switch 15 is in one of the OFF or PARK conditions, however, the voltage on the inverting input of comparator 45, as determined by resistors 50 and 62 in series with high beam filaments 23 and 25, will be approximately 0.44 V DD  and the output of comparator 45 will thus be open collector to allow activation of DRL relay 22, as already stated, assuming park brake switch 13 is open. Once DRL relay 22 is activated, the voltage on the inverting input of comparator 45 goes up to approximately 0.72 V DD  due to the presence of half battery voltage at the junction of high beam filaments 23 and 25; but this is still insufficient to ground the output of comparator 45. 
     In the circuit as described to this point, if high beam filament 23 were to burn out with DRL activated and high beam filaments 23 and 25 thus connected in series, their junction would be at approximately battery voltage rather than half battery voltage; and a voltage higher than that on the non-inverting input of comparator 45 would be applied through resistor 62 to junction 48 and therefore to the inverting input of comparator 45. The output of comparator 45 would thus be grounded, just as if the headlamps had been turned on by headlamp switch 15. But the grounding of the output of comparator 45 would turn off transistor 33 to deactivate DRL relay 22; and when DRL relay 22 was deactivated, the full battery voltage would disappear from the junction of filaments 23 and 25, so that comparator 45 would again switch open collector to allow transistor 33 to once again activate DRL relay 22. The cycle would then repeat in an oscillating manner. It is desirable that a burned out filament 23 not cause such oscillation but that a signal be given to the vehicle operator, since, in the daylight, the loss of a lower intensity headlamp may not be easily noticed from within the vehicle. The detection of the difference between normal headlamp on by switch 15 and a burned out filament 23 is accomplished by the circuit around and including comparator 56 and additional circuitry as described below. 
     A PNP transistor 63 has an emitter connected to terminal V DD , a base connected through a resistor 65 (20K) to the collector of transistor 33 and a collector connected through a diode 66 and capacitor 70 (0.33 uF) to ground. A bias resistor 68 (5K) may optionally connect the emitter and base of transistor 63. Transistor 63 is thus connected to charge capacitor 70 through diode 66 when DRL relay 22 is activated. The junction of diode 66 and capacitor 70 is connected through a resistor 67 (110K) to the inverting input of comparator 56. The inverting input of comparator 56 is further connected through a resistor 71 (300K) to terminal V DD  and through a resistor 72 (110K) and capacitor 73 (0.33 uF) in parallel to ground. A capacitor 57 (0.01 uF) connects the inverting and non-inverting inputs of comparator 56. 
     The operation of the circuit when high beam filament 23 burns out is illustrated by the curves of FIGS. 2a and 2b, which show the time variation of the voltage at the non-inverting and inverting inputs, respectively, of comparator 56. When transistor 33 turns on to activate DRL relay 22, transistor 63 is turned on to charge capacitor 70 through diode 66 to approximately 0.95 V DD . This voltage and V DD  applied to the network of resistors 67, 71 and 72 establish a voltage of approximately 0.57 V DD  at the inverting input of comparator 56, as seen in FIG. 2b. The non-inverting input of comparator 56, as seen in FIG. 2a, will be at essentially the same voltage as the inverting input of comparator 45: approximately 0.72 V DD   with DRL activated and both high beam filaments 23 and 25 operating. The output of comparator 56 is thus normally open collector and does not affect the rest of the circuit. 
     If high beam filament 23 burns out, however, the voltage at the junction of filaments 23 and 25 goes up to battery voltage, as shown in FIG. 2a; and comparator 45 turns off transistor 33 to deactivate DRL relay 22. However, it then immediately falls to approximately 0.44 V DD  as DRL relay 22 is deactivated. The voltage at the inverting input of comparator 56, as seen in FIG. 2b, falls slowly as capacitor 70 discharges through resistors 67 and 72 in series. Although it eventually falls to a voltage of approximately 0.27 V DD , which is below the 0.44 V DD  of the non-inverting input, there is a period of time T, as shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b, wherein the inverting input is at the higher voltage and the output of comparator 56 thus goes to ground. Comparator 56 latches in this state due to the feedback through diode 53 and resistor 52, which pulls down the non-inverting input. The ground output of comparator 56 further holds comparator 45 in its ground output state to latch off DRL relay 22. The resulting lack of illumination of DRL on indicator light 21 indicates the problem to the vehicle operator. If an additional error light were desired to energize in this condition, it could be added with an energizing circuit responsive to the ground output state of comparator 56. 
     If it is filament 25 rather than filament 23 which burns out, the system works in a more direct manner to produce the same result. The junction of filaments 23 and 25 is thus grounded, which causes the voltage at the non-inverting input of comparator 56 to immediately drop below the 0.57 V DD  on the inverting input to latch comparator 56 in its ground output state and hold DRL relay 22 in its deactivated state as already described. 
     In contrast to the condition of a burned out filament 23 or 25, a normal deactivation of DRL relay 22 due to the switching on of the headlamps by headlamp switch 15 does not latch on comparator 56, since the voltage on the non-inverting input of comparator 56 goes high and stays high if headlamp switch 15 is put in its ON condition. In addition, deactivation of DRL relay 22 by activation of park brake switch 13 causes the inverting input of comparator 56 to be immediately pulled down to just above ground by diode 58 to prevent latching of comparator 56 in the ground output state as DRL relay 22 is deactivated and the voltage on the non-inverting input of comparator 56 drops to 0.44 V DD . 
     The system may be reset from the latched ground output of comparator 56 in any of three ways. If park brake switch 13 is closed, the inverting input of comparator 56 is lowered to one diode drop above ground to unlatch the comparator from its ground output state. If headlamp switch 15 is placed in the on condition, a high voltage will be applied to the non-inverting input of comparator 56 to unlatch it from its ground output state. Finally, if ignition switch 11 is turned off and then on again, the system will be reset with comparator 56 unlatched in the open collector state. 
     It is possible that a vehicle owner could place different types of headlamps on the two sides of the vehicle. For example, filament 23 could be an incandescent bulb and filament 25 a halogen bulb. These bulbs may not split the full battery voltage evenly between themselves when connected in series. No such combinations of bulbs have shown such a wide disparity of operating voltages when warmed up and fully on; however, if an incandescent bulb and halogen bulb are placed in series, the halogen bulb will take almost the full battery voltage, after power is first applied, for a short time which may be as long as 100 milliseconds. Thus, the system could potentially be fooled into thinking the incandescent bulb was burned out for this short time period. If this is considered a potential problem, a capacitor 75 (0.33 uF) is connected from the inverting input of comparator 45 to ground. The charging of capacitor 75 causes a delay with a time constant of about 130 milliseconds from the moment when DRL relay 22 is activated and the voltage at junction 48 first goes higher than 0.44 V DD  before the non-inverting input of comparator 45 can go high enough to ground the output and turn off DRL relay 22. In the meantime, the halogen and incandescent bulbs will have come within an acceptable voltage ratio for normal operation as previously described. It should be noted that the situation of halogen and incandescent bulbs on the same vehicle could only occur, at least at the time this is being written, in dual filament bulbs, which are connected as shown in FIG. 3. 
     It has already been mentioned that the activating coil of fog lamp relay 26 is connected to the collector of transistor 30. Transistor 30 has a base connected through series resistors 77 (10K) and 78 (10K) to ground. The junction of resistors 77 and 78 is connected to the collector of transistor 63. Thus, transistor 30 is turned on and off, through transistor 63, by transistor 33. In addition, a diode 80 is connected from the collector of transistor 30 to the junction of high beam filaments 23 and 25. In operation, the activating coil of fog lamp relay 16 will be enabled in the normal manner by connection to ground through diode 80 and the high beam filaments 23 and 25 when the high beam filaments are not energized. In this case, movement of headlamp switch 15 into the park condition will complete the circuit through the activating coil of fog lamp relay 16 to energize fog lamps 27 and 28. However, full energization of the high beam filaments 23 and 25 will reverse bias diode 80 to prevent such enabling of the activating coil of fog lamp relay 16. 
     When headlamp switch 15 is in its park condition and high beam filaments 23 and 25 are energized at half battery voltage by DRL relay 22, the half battery voltage drop from battery 10 to the junction of filaments 23 and 25 may not be sufficiently high to activate fog lamp relay 16. However, fog lamp energization is desired in this case, where high beam filaments 23 and 25 are not fully energized. Therefore, transistor 30 provides an alternate activating current path to ground for the activating coil of relay 16 when turned on by transistor 33. Thus, fog lamp operation is permitted with DRL high beam operation at reduced intensity but prevented with normal full intensity high beam operation. 
     A high beam indicator lamp 81 is connected to ground from the collector of a PNP Darlington transistor 82 having an emitter connected to junction 48 and a base connected to the emitter through a biasing resistor 83 (4K), to ground through a resistor 85 (5K) and, through a resistor 86 (3K) to junction 32. Transistor 82 conducts to energize high beam indicator lamp 81 only when the voltage at junction 48 is two diode drops above that (about 0.6 V DD ) set by the voltage divider of resistors 85 and 86 across the ignition voltage. This occurs only when ignition switch 11 is closed, headlamp switch 15 is ON and beam selector switch 17 is HI to provide full high beam filament energization. High beam indicator lamp 81 cannot be energized by transistor 82 turned on directly from headlamp switch 15 through diode 47, since the 85K resistance of resistor 62 is much greater than the 20 ohm resistance of lamp 81. In addition, activation of DRL relay 22 causes only half battery voltage to appear at the emitter of transistor 82, which keeps transistor 82 turned off. 
     A resistor 87 (5K) is connected in parallel with park brake on indicator lamp 12 to enable the rest of the circuit to work normally if lamp 12 burns out. The 5K value is sufficiently low to enable circuit operation but sufficiently high to reduce power consumption in normal circuit operation and allow the use of a low wattage resistor for reduced cost. For further stability and protection in the circuit, a capacitor 88 may be connected across the inputs of comparator 56; and a diode 90 may be connected from the collector of transistor 33 to V DD .