Active matrix-addressed picture display device
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a picture display device comprising switching elements arranged in an active matrix-addressed panel. 
     A conventional active matrix-addressed panel comprises picture elements each consisting of a transistor T ij  for writing a signal voltage, a capacitor C ij  for holding the signal, and a liquid crystal cell LC ij  as shown in FIG. 1. One electrode of the capacitor C ij  is connected to a drain of the transistor and the other electrode of the capacitor C ij  is connected to a substrate. For connecting one of the electrodes of the capacitors of all the picture elements to the substrate, an electrode for applying the electric potential of the substrate to one of the capacitor electrodes is required One problem encountered when using such connecting electrodes is that they are likely to cause an electrical short between a signal supply electrode S j  and the substrate and a short between an address electrode G i  and the substrate produced by troubles in the panel manufacturing process. The shorts are present as line defects on the display picture surface, which is a fatal defect as a display device and causes the manufacturing yield of the panel to be lowered. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     It is an object of the invention to provide an improved picture display device. 
     It is another object of the invention to eliminate formation of a short between the substrate and the signal supply electrode or a short between the substrate and the address electrode. 
     It is another object of the invention to reduce line defects on the display picture. 
     It is another object of the invention to increase the manufacturing yield of an active matrix-addressed panel. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a conventional active matrix-addressed panel, 
     FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an active matrix-addressed panel showing an embodiment of the present invention, 
     FIG. 3 is a voltage/current characteristic diagram of a thin-film transistor with inferior characteristics, and 
     FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an active matrix-addressed panel showing another embodiment of the present invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing the construction of an active matrix-addressed panel according to one embodiment of the present invention. A unit picture element at i row and j column consists of a transistor T ij  for writing a picture signal, a liquid crystal cell LC ij  and a capacitor C ij  for holding a signal voltage. One electrode of the capacitor C ij  is connected to a drain of the transistor T ij  and the other electrode is connected to an address electrode G i-1  which addresses a picture element at the preceding row. The transistor T ij  is placed in the ON state by a gate voltage V ON  and placed in the OFF state by a gate voltage V OFF . Generally, an active matrix-addressed panel is driven by the steps of: applying the voltage V ON  to an address electrode G i  (i=1 . . . m); meanwhile writing a picture signal with a transistor T ij  (j=1 . . . n) which uses the electrode G i  as a gate; applying the voltage V OFF  to the electrode G i  ; simultaneously applying the voltage V ON  to an address electrode G i+1  at the succeeding row; and writing a new picture signal with a transistor T.sub.(i+ 1)j. By repeating the above operation, picture signals are written in all the picture elements. 
     When the electric potential of the address electrode G i-1  changes from V ON  to V OFF , a voltage to be applied to the succeeding address electrode G i  changes from V OFF  to V ON  simultaneously, and the transistor T ij  belonging to the i row becomes in the ON state. Then a new picture signal is held in the capacitor C ij  (j=1 . . . n) via the transistor T ij  from a signal supply electrode S j . Since one electrode of the capacitor C ij  is connected to the address electrode G i-1  at the preceding row, the electric potential of the address electrodes are fixed to V OFF  at the ratio of about ((m-1)/m) per 1 frame period, where m indicates the number of the address electrodes. Even if the number of the address electrodes is large, the written signal voltage applied across the liquid crystal cell hardly shifts but is held almost as it is. Accordingly, even if one electrode of the capacitor is not connected to the substrate but connected to the address electrode at the preceding rows, the picture is displayed without defect. 
     By the above-noted construction, a substrate electrode is not provided on the panel surface. As a result, there can be no short between the substrate and the signal supply electrode nor between the substrate and the address electrode, and consequently no line defects appear on the picture such as surface have conventionally occurred by such shorts. 
     In case a thin-film transistor, which can be formed on an insulating substrate, is used for the transistor T ij , it is indispensable that one electrode of the capacitor C ij  be connected to the address electrode at the preceding row to attain an excellent picture. Generally the characteristic of a thin-film transistor depends more on the manufacturing process than that of a semiconductor element using an ordinary single crystal Si. A transistor having inferior characteristics exhibits the voltage-current characteristics as shown FIG. 3. FIG. 3 shows that a large drain current flows as a leak current if a voltage between the source and the drain is high even if the gate voltage is V OFF . 
     FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which a capacitor C ij  is connected to an address electrode G i+1  at the succeeding row (as opposed to an address electrode at a preceding row as in the case of FIG. 2). A voltage V ON  is applied to the address electrode G i  and a signal voltage V s  is held in the capacitor C ij . At this time the electric potential of the address electrode G i+1  is V OFF . Then the electric potential of the address electrode G i  changes from V ON  to V OFF , and the voltage V ON  is applied to the address electric potential G i+1  at the succeeding row. Assuming that the transistor T ij  shows the characteristics as shown in FIG. 3 because of its dispersion, the voltage at a drain D of the transistor T ij  changes from V s  to V s  +(V ON  -V OFF ) when the electric potential of the address electrode G i+1  changes from V OFF  to V ON . As a result even if V OFF  is supplied to the address electrode G i , a large drain current I 2  flows when the electric potential of the signal supply electrode S i  is 0. In this manner, when V OFF  is applied to the address electrode G i+1  again, a voltage lower than the initially written signal voltage V s  is held in the capacitor C ij . Accordingly, an electric potential different from the written electric potential V s  is applied to the liquid crystal at the ratio of about (1-1/m) during 1 frame period, and thereby the dispersion in characteristics of the transistors appears on the panel as a disorder of the picture. However, this problem can be solved by connecting one electrode of the capacitor C ij  to the address electrode G i-1  at the preceding row rather than at the succeeding row as shown in FIG. 2. Because, although a voltage held between both electrodes of the capacitor C ij  changes in accordance with the change in the electric potential of the address electrode G i-1  from V OFF  to V ON , the voltage V ON  is applied to the address electrode G i  at the succeeding row when the electric potential of the address electrode G i-1  changes from V ON  to V OFF  again, whereby the transistor T ij  is turned ON and a new signal voltage is held in the capacitor C ij . Accordingly, the predetermined written signal voltage V s  largely changes at the time ratio of about 1/m per 1 frame period. Since the number m of the address electrodes in the active matrix-addressed panel is generally no more than around 200, a change in shading of the picture produced by a shift of the voltage from the predetermined signal voltage V s  is virtually nondistinctive or imperceptible on the displayed picture. 
     As illustrated, the line defects caused by troubles in manufacturing process which exist in a conventional active matrix-addressed panel can be largely reduced by the present invention, and moreover, disorder of the picture caused by dispersion in the characteristics of the transistors provided in the panel can be eliminated.