Reel for winding up safety belts
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a reel for winding up safety belts in motor vehicles and aircraft comprising an integrated belt tensioning means and integrated pull-out restraining means, same comprising in turn a winch provided with a return spring, an inertia block and a pressure gas operated screw drive high-speed rotating device, which consists of a nut and a spindle having a piston-shaped head and is driven by a pyrotechnically produced gas. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     A known reel is described in German AS No. 1,292,503 and No. 1,295,390. This reel operates also with a jaw clutch and an inertia block, which acts only onto the belt. The inertia block consists of a ratchet ring, the pawl of which is supported rotatably. The device known from the said German AS requires a separately arranged pyrotechnic charge. 
     German AS No. 1,406,554 describes a high-speed tensioning device, which has no winch and no inertia block but it does have an integrated load. 
     A reel, the winch of which operates by means of a double-coil bending moment spring, had been made known by German AS No. 1,933,872 and German AS No. 1,285,896. 
     An inertia block having an electromagnetic pawl is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,883,123 and German As No. 1,285,896. 
     The basic purpose of the present invention is to produce a reel of the above-mentioned type, which avoids the disadvantages of the known devices, and which without additional reconstruction can be used in the location where those types of automatic rollers had been used which do not have a tensioning means and a pull-out restraint. 
     The fuels which are used in the new reel permit use under temperature conditions ranging from -40° to +90° C. and a warm storage temperature of 105° C. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to the invention this purpose is attained by the winch being connectable to the high-speed rotating device through pins which are supported movably in holes, which pins are pressure actuated by means of a pyrotechnically produced gas through an axial hole in the spindle. 
     The pins can inventively be moved in radial or in axial direction, whereby in the first case pockets are provided in the winch, into which pockets the pins engage, while in the second case in the winch and in the nut grooves are provided which are positioned opposite one another and into which grooves the pins can be impelled. 
     The new reel device has the advantage that the winch is connected almost slipfree to the high-speed tensioning device, that the belt slack in the entire belt structure is overcome in the short period of time which is available and that the pull-out restraint is achieved substantially with components which are already in existence for the tensioning means. 
     In order to be able, when using an inertia block consisting of a ratchet ring with a rotatably supported pawl, to cancel the block quickly and safely in the short time available, the invention is further characterized by a pin which is arranged parallel to the axis of the pawl and is axially movable and the one front surface of which pin is connected to a pressurized gas channel, wherein the pin is arranged such that it is impelled out of its guideway by the pyrotechnically produced gas and in this manner releases the connection of the pawl with the ratchet ring. 
     In order to provide an effective operating temperature range of -40° to +90° C. and the warm storage temperature of 105° C., the invention suggests that for the gas production the following compositions are used separate from one another or individually in powder, granulate or tablet form: 
     A. 
     84 ± 2% -- nitrocellulose (N-content 13.1 to 13.3%) 
     9 ± 2% -- Nitroglycerin 
     1 ± 0.15% -- Diphenylamine 
     5 ± 0.1% -- Potassium nitrate 
     max. 0.3% -- Sodium sulfate 
     max. 0.7% -- Calciumcarbonate 
     0.3 ± 0.1% -- Graphite 
     max. 0.5% -- Ethyl acetate 
     Powder wetness 0.5 ± 0.25% (distillation method) 
     Content of foreign substances 1% 
     Content of ether-soluble materials 15 ± 2% 
     B. 
     50 - 70% -- sodium azide 
     10 - 25% -- Potassium nitrate 
     20 - 30% -- Aerosil 
     0 - 7% -- Organic binding agents 
     In order to be able to give the return spring a linear or diminishing characteristic line, the spring is constructed according to the invention in a conventional manner as a coil spring or as a double-coil bending moment spring. 
     A reel in which the inertia block consists of an electromagnetically operated pawl, a pendulum sensor and a switch, is characterized inventively by the pendulum sensor containing a standing pendulum and being arranged separate from the reel, wherein the pendulum is connected to a reed contact such that the pendulum movement is changed into translatory movement of the reed contact provided in a magnetic field. In this manner, the circuit between the electromagnetic pawl and battery is opened or closed as accelerations occur. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention is illustrated in the figures. 
     FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a reel according to the invention, 
     FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along the line II--II of FIG. 1, 
     FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along the line III--III of FIG. 1, 
     FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along the line IV--IV of FIG. 1, 
     FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view along the line V--V of FIG. 1, 
     FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the interrelationship of an inertia block, which consists of an electromagnetically operated pawl, a pendulum sensor and a switch, and 
     FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view taken along the line VII--VII of FIG. 1 and shows a double-coil bending moment spring. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The reel illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5 consists of a cylindrical housing 1, which contains at one end a fuse carrier 2, in which are provided a primer pellet 3 and a fuel charge 4. The fuse carrier 2 is closed inwardly by a disk 5 which has holes 5a . Therein reference numeral 6 indicates a spindle which carries a piston-shaped head 7. The head 7 contains holes, by means of which it is arranged slidingly on guide pins 8, so that a rotation of the spindle 6 relative to the housing 1 is prevented. The head 7 is slidingly arranged in a cylinder 7a and has further a braking device which consists of a circular groove 9 having a conically tapered inner wall. A plurality of balls 10 are arranged in said groove such that upon movement of the piston 7 in a direction opposite to that of the arrow A the balls are pressed into engagement with the cylinder wall 7a. This causes a deformation of the cylinder material and a resulting braking action. Such a braking device has been described in German OS No. 2,349,891. 
     The spindle 6 engages with its external thread the internal thread of a nut 11, on which a winch 12 is arranged rotatably with an easy running fit. The winch 12 receives at one end a return spring 12b which is anchored in the cylinder wall 7a. The other end of the return spring 12b is wound around a pin 30 secured in an enlargement 1a in the housing 1 as illustrated in FIG. 1.Said return spring through its restoring force continuously winds up and lightly tensions the winch and a belt (not illustrated) secured thereto. This light tension does not hinder the person protected by the belt from movement with only a small acceleration. 
     The spindle 6 contains an axial hole 6a. Three pins 13 are arranged radially on the outer end of the nut 11, which pins are supported slidingly in holes 14 in the nut 11. Radial pockets 15 are provided in the winch 12, which pockets are arranged such that they can receive the pins 13 upon outward radial movement thereof. The pockets 15 are formed such that they can receive the pins at any position of the winch 12. A variation of the connection between winch 12 and nut 11 consists in the pin 13 being movable in an axial direction. From FIG. 4 it is apparent that the pin 13 lies in an opening which is formed by nuts 11a, 12a which lie opposite one another in the nut 11 and in the winch 12. 
     An inertia block 16 lies at the end of the winch 12, which inertia block consists of a ratchet ring 17 and a pawl 18, which is supported on an axis 19. The inertia block is locked or unlocked by means of an electromagnet 28, the coil of which is energized by an inertia member (not illustrated in FIG. 1). Parallel to the axis 19 of the pawl 18 there is arranged an axially movable pin 20, the one front surface 20a of which is connected to a gas channel 21. Through this gas channel 21 it is possible to guide the pyrotechnically produced gas to the pin 20, whereby it drives the pin out of its guideway and thereby releases the connection of the pawl 18 with the ratchet ring 17. 
     The device so described operates as follows: 
     If the vehicle is retarded for, for example 0.4 g., as occurs, for example, during braking, the inertia block 16, particularly the electromagnet 28 thereof, becomes energized to effect an engagement of the pawl 18 with the ratchet 17 to lock the winch 12 and the person being protected is held by the belt. 
     In the case of an impact, the electric primer pellet 3 is ignited by means of a delay-dependent sensor (not illustrated in FIG. 1) and the fuel charge 4 is fired. The gas which is thereby produced flows through the openings 5a into the cylinder chamber and moves the piston head 7 in the cylinder 7a slidingly and nonrotatively in direction A. Gas flows through the axial hole 6a and drives the pins 13 radially outwardly into the associated pockets 15. Since the piston head 7 is guided through the two guide bolts 8, it cannot rotate and moves axially in the direction of the arrow A. This acts through the thread on the spindle 6 to effect a rotary movement of the nut 11. Since same is connected to the winch 12 through the simultaneously shot-in pins 13, nut 11 and winch 12 rotate simultaneously. This terminates the period of clutch release and the entire belt slack is removed within a time period of approximately 15 ms. At the same time the gas drives the pin 20 out of its guide. This prevents a connection of the pawl 18 with the ratchet ring 17 so that the winch 12 can rotate freely for the braking thereof. Any pull on the belt will tend to rotate the nut 11 in the opposite direction and cause a movement of the piston head in a direction opposite to the arrow A but this movement is resisted by an engagement of the balls 10 with the wall 7a. 
     FIG. 6 illustrates a device for the inertia block, which consists of an electromagnetic pawl 18, a pendulum sensor 22 and a switch 23. The switch 23 is a magnetically operated switch consisting of a reed contact 24, which lies in the power field of a magnet 25 (permanent magnet or adjustable electromagnet). The pendulum 26 of the pendulum sensor is stationary with the centerpoint of its base plate 27 connected to the reed contact. During movement of the pendulum 26, for example into the position illustrated by dashed lines, the centerpoint of the base plate 27 lifts and with it the reed contact 24 also lifts for a small distance, which is sufficient to close the contact under the action of the magnetic field. In the illustrated example, the spool 28a receives voltage through this and effects a locking or unlocking of the pawl 18. 
     Although a particular preferred embodiment of the invention has been disclosed in detail for illustrative purposes, it will be recognized that variations or modifications of the disclosed apparatus, including the rearrangement of parts, lie within the scope of the present invention.