Amine salts of phenyl-4-hydroxypyridazines and the preparation and herbicidal compositions thereof
The present invention relates to salts of phenyl-pyridazines and the preparation thereof. More particularly the invention is concerned with amine salts of 3-phenyl-6-halo-4-hydroxypyridazines having valuable herbicidal properties, the preparation of such salts and herbicidal compositions containing them. 
     From U.S. Pat. No. 3,790,571 it is known that phenylpyridazine derivatives of the general formula: ##STR2## in which X is a chlorine or bromine atom and R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl or acetyl group, have herbicidal properties. In particular those derivatives in which R is a hydrogen atom have a very good herbicidal effect against a range of broad-leaved weeds when applied in an amount of 2.0 kg of active substance per hectare, while cultivated cereals are found to be tolerant towards these substances. This fact enables a selective control of broad-leaved weeds to be achieved. 
     In the copending application Ser. No. 415,555, filed Nov. 14, 1973 (U.S. Pat. No. 3,932,405), from two of the present inventors with others, phenylpyridazine derivatives of the general formula: ##STR3## in which Hal is a chlorine or bromine atom and R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group or the group OR&#39; wherein R&#39; is an alkyl group which may be straight-chain or branched are described and claimed, which have a very good herbicidal property. These compounds are costly to manufacture and readily decompose in the presence of water to give the free hydroxy compound and the corresponding acid component. This difficulty particularly arises when these esters are applied in the form intended for application, which is normally a solution or a suspension. The corresponding thioesters are described and claimed in the copending application Ser. No. 480,309, filed June 17, 1974 (U.S. Pat. No. 3,953,445), which have outstanding herbicidal properties, the stability of which is also not always satisfactory. 
     It has now been found that the amine salts of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloro(or bromo)-pyridazine have a substantially enhanced herbicidal effect compared with the corresponding free hydroxy compound, are easier to prepare compared with the compounds specified in copending application Ser. Nos. 415,555 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,932,405 and 480,309 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,953,445 and are more stable in solution or suspension. The enhanced herbicidal effect in comparison with the free hydroxy compound is surprising, particularly as the corresponding alkali metal or ammonium salts have only a slight herbicidal activity. 
     Accordingly the present invention provides an amine salt of a 3-phenyl-6-halo-4-hydroxypyridazine having the general formula: ##STR4## in which X is a chlorine or bromine atom and R 1  is an alkyl group containing up to 14 carbon atoms, which group may be substituted by a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group containing up to 10 carbon atoms, nitrile group, amino group or mono- or dialkylamino group in which the alkyl group has up to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group containing up to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group containing 5, 6 or 7 carbon atom and R 2  and R 3  have the same meaning as R 1  or each is a hydrogen atom, or R 1  and R 2  together with the nitrogen atom of the amine form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group which may also contain oxygen and which may be mono- or disubstituted by alkyl, preferably lower alkyl. 
     Particularly preferred compounds are those of formula (I) in which X is a chlorine atom; and those wherein R 1  is an alkyl group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, allyl, cyclohexyl, cyanoethyl, a hydroxyalkyl group of 2 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group with up to 6 carbon atoms in the alkoxy group and wherein each of R 2  and R 3  is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, allyl, hydroxyalkyl or cyanoethyl. When R 1  and R 2  together with the amino-nitrogen atom form a heterocyclic ring, the pyrrolidino, piperidino or morpholino group is then particularly preferred, and each of these groups is substituted by one or two methyl groups. R 3  is then preferably a hydrogen atom. 
     The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I), which comprises reacting 3-phenyl-6-chloro(or bromo)-4-hydroxypyridazine with an amine of the general formula ##STR5## in which R 1 , R 2  and R 3  are as defined above in formula (I), in approximately stoichiometric amounts at a temperature from room temperature to 100° C. Preferably the reaction may be carried out in the presence of a solvent. 
     The compounds according to the invention may be used as active ingredients in herbicidal compositions on account of their interesting herbicidal properties. 
     The formulation of herbicidal compositions containing the active ingredients of formula (I) is very simple. The amine salts are in general soluble in water, and some are also soluble in organic solvents. When using an organic solvent they very easily may be brought into an extremely finely divided form in water by adding emulsifiers and/or wetting agents. 
     A solid formulation may be obtained by simply mixing the amine salt with a solid diluent or diluting agent and adding a dispersing agent. 
     In contrast to this, the corresponding free hydroxy compound is practically insoluble in both water and organic solvents, and must therefore be ground to a very fine grain size before use. 
     Very favourable results are obtained if a mixture of amine salts of formula (I) is used as the active ingredient. 
     It is also possible to admix the agents according to the invention with other, known herbicidal agents, such as, in particular: 
     2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 
     2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) 
     2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) 
     2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-propionic acid (CMPP) 
     2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-propionic acid (2,4-DP) 
     4-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-butyric acid (MCPB) 
     4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-butyric acid (2,4-DB) 
     2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-propionic acid (2,4,5-TP) 
     4-chloro-2-oxobenzothiazolin-3-yl acetic acid 
     3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid, and the amine salts or esters thereof, since the active ingredients according to the invention are not, in contrast to those disclosed in West German Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,256,172, sensitive to acids. 
     The amount applied is as a rule 1 to 2 kg/hectare. 
    
    
     The following Examples illustrate the invention and the manner in which it may be performed. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     20.6 g of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine were suspended in 100 ml of ethanol, 12.9 g of n-octylamine were added and the mixture was heated for a short time at 80° C. The solution formed was evaporated. 32.8 g of residue remained, which crystallised on cooling. After recrystallisation from ethyl acetate, 25.8 g of the n-octylamine salt of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine were obtained, having a melting point of 90° to 95° C. 
     
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C calculated                                                              
        64.56%                                                            
             H calculated                                                 
                     7.53%                                                
                          N calculated                                    
                                  12.55%                                  
  found 63.9%  found 7.7%   found 12.1%                                   
C1                                                                        
  calculated                                                              
        10.59%                                                            
             O calculated                                                 
                     4.78%                                                
  found 10.2%  found 5.0%                                                 
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     EXAMPLE 2 
     20.6 g. of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine were suspended in 100 ml. of water, 8.4 g. of N-methyl-N-β-cyanoethylamine were added, and the mixture was heated for 15 minutes at 80° C. The reaction mixture was then cooled, the crystalline product was suction filtered, dried and recrystallised from ethyl acetate. 26.6 g. of the N-methyl-N-β-cyanoethylamine salt of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine were obtained, having a melting point of 110° C. 
     
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C calculated                                                              
        57.83%                                                            
             H calculated                                                 
                     5.20%                                                
                          N calculated                                    
                                  19.27%                                  
  found 57.6%  found 5.1%   found 19.0%                                   
C1                                                                        
  calculated                                                              
        12.20%                                                            
             O calculated                                                 
                     5.50%                                                
  found 12.0%  found 6.0%                                                 
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     EXAMPLE 3 
     20.6 g. of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine were suspended in 100 ml. of xylene, 11.3 g of N-methyl-N-cyclohexylamine were added, and the mixture was heated for 15 minutes at about 90° C. while stirring. 
     The oil formed was separated, acetone was added, and the crystalline product formed was suction filtered and dried. 
     27.4 g. of the N-methyl-N-cyclohexylamine salt of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine were obtained, having a melting point of 110° - 112° C. 
     
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C calculated                                                              
        63.84%                                                            
             H calculated                                                 
                     6.93%                                                
                          N calculated                                    
                                  13.14%                                  
  found 64.1%  found 6.0%   found 13.1%                                   
Cl                                                                        
  calculated                                                              
        11.09%                                                            
             O calculated                                                 
                     5.0%                                                 
  found 11.0%  found 5.2%                                                 
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     The following compounds, for example, of the formula I can also be obtained: 
     N-n-propyl-N-β-cyanoethylamine salt of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine. 
     Melting point: from 150° C, with decomposition 
     
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C calculated                                                              
        60.28%                                                            
             H calculated                                                 
                     6.01%                                                
                          N calculated                                    
                                  17.58%                                  
  found 59.9%  found 6.0%   found 17.4%                                   
C1                                                                        
  calculated                                                              
        11.12%                                                            
             O calculated                                                 
                     5.02%                                                
  found 11.1%  found 5.3%                                                 
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     N-isopropyl-N-2-cyanoethylamine salt of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine. 
     Melting point: 138° - 140° C, with decomposition 
     Triethylamine salt of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine 
     N-isobutyl-N-2-cyanoethylamine salt of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine. 
     Melting point: 220° C 
     3-(2&#39;-ethyl-hexyloxy)-propylamine-(1) salt of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine. 
     In addition, all the remaining active ingredients, of this invention mentioned in the following Examples can be obtained according to the methods of Examples 1-3. 
     The active ingredients obtained according to Examples 1-3 may be formulated as shown in Example 4. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     20 parts of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine were mixed with the equivalent amount of an amine defined in Examples 1-3 and with 5 parts of an alkylarylpolyglycol ether, made up to 100 parts with a diluent such as water, glycerol, cyclohexanone or xylene, and stirred while warming gently until a clear solution was formed. The concentrates thus obtained gave clear solutions or emulsions after stirring into the required amount of water for application to the plants. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     287.6 parts of the methylamine salt and 321.5 parts of the trimethylamine salt of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine were ground up with 40 parts of sodium lignin sulphonate, 230.9 parts of siliceous earth and 120 parts of a polyhydroxyethylene-alkyl etherurea complex. This spray powder was suspended in water and sprayed on the plants. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     215.6 parts of the methylamine salt and 241.1 parts of the trimethylamine salt of 3-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-chloropyridazine were mixed with 381.3 parts of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid magnesium salt, and ground up with 30 parts of sodium lignin sulphonate, 31 parts of siliceous earth, and 100 parts of polyhydroxyethylene-alkyl ether-urea complex. 
     The effect of the amine salts or amine salt mixtures according to the invention on weeds and the compatibility of the compounds as regards food plants will be illustrated in more detail in the following examples. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     Weeds raised in a greenhouse, namely 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Galium aparine   burdock        =                                         
Erodium cicutarium                                                        
                 stork&#39;s bill   =     B                                   
Centaurea jacea  knapweed       =     C                                   
Lapsana communis nipplewort     =     D                                   
Anthemis arvensis                                                         
                 corn-camomile  =     E                                   
Lamium purpureum dead nettle    =     F                                   
Stellaria media  chickweed      =     G                                   
Veronica hederaefolia                                                     
                 speedwell      =     H                                   
Galinsoga parviflora                                                      
                 field scabious =     I                                   
Raphanus raphanistrum                                                     
                 jointed charlock                                         
                                =     K                                   
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     were sprayed with an aqueous solution or a suspension of the respective amine salt or amine salt mixture according to the invention after the weeds had reached the 4- to 6-leaf stage. The application amount corresponded to 1.0 kg. per hectare based on the free OH--compound. 14 days after the treatment, the herbicidal effect on the weeds was determined according to the EWRC evaluation scale (EWRC = Eurpoean Weed Research Council). The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, wherein the ratings 1-9 correspond to the following extermination rates and success evaluations: 
     
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Herbicidal effect                                                         
            Corresponding %                                               
                           Evaluation of the                              
rating      extermination  herbicidal effect                              
______________________________________                                    
1           100            excellent                                      
2           97.5           very good                                      
3           95             good                                           
4           90             satisfactory                                   
5           85             still sufficient                               
6           75             not sufficient                                 
7           65             slight                                         
8           32.5           very slight                                    
9           0              ineffective                                    
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                                           Table 1                                 
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Compounds of the formula I, X = Cl                                        
                Herbicidal effect (ratings 1 to 9)                        
 ##STR6##        B                                                        
                   C                                                      
                     D                                                    
                       A                                                  
                         E                                                
                           F                                              
                             G                                            
                               H                                          
                                 I                                        
                                   K                                      
                                     φ herbicidal effect in           
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                                    %                                     
Triethylamine   1 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 97,5                                  
Triethanolamine 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 2 95.5                                  
Pyrrolidine     2 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 95.2                                  
Ethanolamine    2 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 95.2                                  
2-ethylhexylamine                                                         
                2 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 96.0                                  
3-(2&#39;-ethylhexyl-                                                         
                1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 99.0                                  
oxy)propylamine(1)                                                        
n-Propylamine   1 2 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 2 95.7                                  
Ethylamine      1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 96.0                                  
Diethylamine    1 3 2 4 2 2 3 3 3 3 95.7                                  
Tri-n-propylamine                                                         
                1 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 96.5                                  
Tri-n-butylamine                                                          
                1 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 96.5                                  
Piperidine      1 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 4 95.5                                  
2-Methylpiperidine                                                        
                1 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 96.5                                  
2,6-Dimethylpiperidine                                                    
                1 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 96.2                                  
2-Ethylpiperidine                                                         
                1 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 96.5                                  
Morpholine      1 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 96.2                                  
Di-n-butylamine 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 1 3 96.2                                  
N,N-Dimethyl-   2 3 2 4 2 3 3 3 2 3 95.5                                  
ethanolamine                                                              
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine                                                    
                3 4 4 3 1 3 4 3 2 3 94.2                                  
Isobutylamine   2 4 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 4 95.5                                  
2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)-                                                    
                2 4 2 3 1 3 3 3 2 4 95.2                                  
ethylamine                                                                
3-(N,N-Dimethylamino)-                                                    
                2 3 2 4 1 3 3 2 2 3 96.0                                  
propyl-(1)-amine                                                          
N,N-Dimethyl-N-tert.-                                                     
                2 3 2 4 1 2 3 3 3 3 96.2                                  
hydroxy-butylamine                                                        
3-(N,N-Dimethylamino)-                                                    
                3 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 3 4 92.5                                  
propyl-(1)-amine                                                          
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(3-hy-                                                     
                1 3 1 3 1 2 4 2 2 3 96.7                                  
droxy-propyl-(1)-amine                                                    
N,N-Di-n-butyl- 1 3 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 3 98.0                                  
ethanolamine                                                              
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hy-                                                     
                1 4 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 3 97.0                                  
droxy-isopropyl)-amine                                                    
N-Methyl-cyclo- 1 3 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 98.2                                  
hexylamine                                                                
Diallylamine    1 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 97.7                                  
Monomethylamine 2 4 1 4 3 3 4 4 2 4 93.5                                  
Dimethylamine   1 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 96.2                                  
Trimethylamine  2 4 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 4 94.2                                  
n-Octylamine    1 3 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 97.5                                  
n-Decylamine    1 3 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 3 97.7                                  
n-Dodecylamine  2 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 3 4 93.2                                  
Di-isopentylamine                                                         
                2 4 3 4 1 4 4 3 3 4 93.2                                  
Di-n-octylamine 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 96.0                                  
N-(3-(2&#39;-ethylhexyloxy                                                    
propyl)-N-(2-cyanoethyl)-                                                 
                1 3 1 3 1 3 4 3 2 4 95.0                                  
amine                                                                     
N-Methyl-N-(2-cyano-                                                      
                1 3 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 97.5                                  
ethyl)-amine                                                              
N-ethyl-N-(2-cyano-                                                       
                1 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 3 98.2                                  
ethyl)amine                                                               
N-Propyl-N-(2-cyano-                                                      
                1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 98.7                                  
ethyl)amine                                                               
N-Isopropyl-N-(2-                                                         
                1 3 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 3 97.7                                  
cyanoethyl)amine                                                          
N-Butyl-N-(2-cyano-                                                       
                1 3 1 3 1 3 4 3 3 4 95.5                                  
ethyl)-amine                                                              
N-Isobutyl-N-(2-                                                          
                1 3 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 97.5                                  
cyanoethyl)-amine                                                         
N-(octyl-(1)-N-(2-                                                        
                1 4 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 3 97.2                                  
cyanoethyl)-amine                                                         
Methoxyethylamine                                                         
                1 4 2 3 1 4 5 4 2 4 93.5                                  
3-Methoxypropyl-                                                          
                1 4 2 3 1 3 5 4 2 4 94.0                                  
(1)-amine                                                                 
3-ethoxypropyl- 1 4 2 4 2 4 5 4 2 4 92.7                                  
(1)-amine                                                                 
3-(n-Butoxy)-propyl-                                                      
                1 4 3 3 1 4 4 3 2 3 94.7                                  
(1)-amine                                                                 
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free OH-compound                                                          
(comparison substance                                                     
                5 7 6 6 6 6 7 6 4 6 75.5                                  
according to Austrian                                                     
Patent 309,883)                                                           
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Diethanolamine                                                            
+               1 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 3 98.5                                  
Dimethylamine                                                             
Monoethanolamine                                                          
+               1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 3 98.5                                  
Methylamine                                                               
Monoethylamine                                                            
+               1 1 3 1 1 3 3 3 1 3 97.5                                  
Triethanolamine                                                           
Methylamine                                                               
+               1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11                                      
                                    99.7                                  
Trimethylamine                                                            
Triethanolamine                                                           
+               2 4 3 3 1 4 4 3 2 4 94.0                                  
Trimethylamine                                                            
Monoethanolamine                                                          
Methylamine     1 3 1 3 1 3 3 2 2 3 97.0                                  
+                                                                         
Triethanolamine                                                           
Methylamine                                                               
+                                                                         
Monoethanolamine                                                          
+               1 3 3 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 97.0                                  
Triethanolamine                                                           
+                                                                         
Trimethylamine                                                            
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                                           Table 2                                 
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Compounds of the formula I, X = Br                                        
           Herbicidal effect (ratings 1 to 9)                             
 ##STR7##   B                                                             
              C                                                           
                D                                                         
                  A                                                       
                    E                                                     
                      F                                                   
                        G                                                 
                          H                                               
                            I                                             
                              K                                           
                                φ herbicidal effect in                
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                               %                                          
Triethylamine                                                             
           1 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 97.5                                       
n-Octylamine                                                              
           1 4 1 1 1 3 4 4 3 4 96.0                                       
N-methyl-N-cyano-                                                         
           1 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 3 98.0                                       
ethyl-amine                                                               
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     EXAMPLE 8 
     Wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize and rice were cultivated in a greenhouse. As soon as the plants had formed three leaves they were sprayed with an aqueous solution or suspension of the amine salt or amine salt mixture according to the invention. The amount applied corresponded to 2.0 kg. per hectare, based on to the free OH-compound. The plants were continuously investigated over a period of 3 weeks for any possible harmful effects (burning, growth inhibition). All the amine salts and amine salt mixtures of the formula I specified in Tables 1 and 2 were found to be completely compatible with food plants. No harmful effects were established in any case.