Recovery of gold and silver from mine-run dumps or crushed ores using a portable ion-exchange carbon plant
This invention relates to the recovery of gold and silver from mine-run dumps or crushed ores using dilute cyanide solution, liquid caustic, and activated carbon, and provides an improved, low capital and operating cost carbon plant to recover the aqueous gold and silver values. 
     More specifically, the invention relates to the use of a portable, self-contained carbon ion-exchange plant, mounted on trailers, which can be easily transported and installed for immediate use to recover dissolved gold and silver from leach liquors. 
    
    
     The invention will be more fully understood by reference to a specific embodiment, as illustrated in the drawing, which is a schematic of a process and the apparatus therefor according to the invention. 
    
    
     The illustrated embodiment includes spraying 1 a dilute cyanide and caustic solution on the surface of the mine-run dumps or a crushed ores heap 2 and allowing the solution to slowly percolate through the heap 2 until it encounters the impervious pad 3, constituted of compacted soil or mill fallings for example, under the ore. The natural slope then directs the solution into a collection ditch 4 lined with a suitable membrane such as butyl rubber 5 and the solution flows by gravity to an impervious holding pond 6, also lined with an impervious membrane such as compacted soil or poly-vinyl-chloride (PVC) plastic. 
     The dissolved gold and silver values (the solution being called &#34;pregnant solution&#34;) are pumped to the portable carbon ion-exchange plant which is mounted on three trailers 7, 8 and 9. Each of tanks 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, mounted on trailers 7 and 8, includes a punchplate distributor 15 near the bottom of the tank for distributing the solution which is fed to the bottom of the tank and a charge of granular activated carbon for the ion-exchange supported in the tank by the distributor 15. The solution flows upwardly through each tank through the punchplate distributor 15. The upward velocity of the solution keeps the granular carbon in a teetered or expanded state. The activated carbon adsorbs the aqueous gold and silver values. This step is repeated in the series of identical tanks 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 until the required amount of values has been recovered. To achieve maximum efficiency, the carbon is periodically transferred in the opposite direction of the solution flow. This countercurrent flow effects contact of the highest values of carbon (i.e., carbon having the lesser amount of unused adsorptive capacity) with the solution containing the largest amount of gold and silver. The transfer of carbon can be effected by pumps, screens, or water-eductors. The eductor is preferable, since it may be connected to a double-sequence timer to cycle the carbon transfer automatically on a schedule determined by the operator. 
     The solution overflowing the launder on the last tank, flows into a safety screen, which removes any &#34;floating carbon&#34;, and enters a surge tank 16. Liquid caustic and cyanide are added from respective tanks 17 and 18, using calibrated reagent meters and the barren solution is pumped back to the heap through conduit 20. Fresh, make-up water is usually added from a tank 19 mounted on the trailer 9. However, if serious plant scaling is encountered, it may be prefereable to add make-up water to the pond to allow the resultant carbonate scale to settle in the pond. 
     A typical &#34;run&#34; for the above described portable carbon plant will vary considerably dependent upon the ore grade and the leach rate of the gold and silver values. However, for purposes of illustration, the following table represents the average results that would be obtained on leaching a low grade gold and silver ore after a thirty day leach cycle. 
     Sodium hydroxide and sodium cyanide were charged at a rate in the foregoing &#34;run&#34; such that the concentration of sodium hydroxide and sodium cyanide in the spray solution were, respectively, 0.10% and 0.05%. It is to be understood, however, that the concentrations of sodium hydroxide and sodium cyanide used depend upon the particular ore being processed, do not constitute part of the present invention and are within the routine skill of workers in the art. Moreover, as is also well known in the art, strong alkalies other than sodium hydroxide, namely, other alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, and other cyanides, namely, other alkali metal cyanides such as potassium cyanide, or ammonium cyanide can be used. 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________
TYPICAL RUN FOR                                                           
PORTABLE CARBON PLANT                                                     
            Tons         Oz/Ton  % Dist.   Troy Ounces                    
Description (Or Pounds)                                                   
                   Weight %                                               
                         Au  Ag  Au   Ag   Au  Ag                         
__________________________________________________________________________
Unleached Ore                                                             
            100,000                                                       
                   100   .06 .09 100  100  6,000                          
                                               9,000                      
Spray Solution                                                            
(Barren)    50,000 50    nil nil nil  nil  nil nil                        
Heap Effluent                                                             
(Pregnant)  45,000 45    .067                                             
                             .067                                         
                                 50   33   3,000                          
                                               3,000                      
Make-up Water and                                                         
Reagent     5,000  5     0   0   0    0    0   0                          
Load Carbon Removed                                                       
in Carbon Tank                                                            
            (2,000)                                                       
                   .001  500 500 8.3  5.5  500 500                        
10          (4,000)                                                       
                   .002  500 500 16.6 11.1 1,000                          
                                               1,000                      
11          (4,000)                                                       
                   .002  400 400 13.3 8.9  800 800                        
12          (4,000)                                                       
                   .002  200 200 6.7  4.4  400 400                        
13          (4,000)                                                       
                   .002  100 100 3.3  2.2  200 200                        
14          (4,000)                                                       
                   .002  50  50  1.7  1.1  100 100                        
Total Carbon                                                              
            (22,000)                                                      
                   .011  273 273 **50.0                                   
                                      **33.0                              
                                           3,000                          
                                               3,000                      
Leached Ore After                                                         
30 Days     99,999.8*                                                     
                   100   0.3 0.6 50   67   3,000                          
                                               6,000                      
__________________________________________________________________________
 *Approximately 0.2 tons of Au and Ag removed.                            
 **To nearest whole number.