Antiinflammatory imidazothiazoles and thiazolopyrimidines
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of copending application Ser. No. 892,661, filed Apr. 3, 1978, now abandoned, which, in turn, is a division of application Ser. No. 753,350, filed Dec. 22, 1976, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,103,016, which, in turn, is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 650,318, filed Jan. 19, 1976, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,041,167. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Many compounds are known which exhibit some degree of antiinflammatory activity. 
     For example, British Pat. No. 1,099,389 discloses certain 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles which are known to be antiinflammatory. However, these compounds suffer from certain inherent deficiencies which limit their utility as antiinflammatory drugs. Also, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,796,800 is disclosed another group of thiazoles which exhibit antiinflammatory properties. These compounds are generally identified by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is lower alkyl (e.g., --CH 3 ), or N-aminocarbamoyl; R&#34; and R&#34;&#39; are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl (e.g., --C 2  H 5 ) and lower acyl (e.g., --COCH 3 ); and R&#39; is hydrogen, CONHR 1  or CONR 2  R 3 , wherein R 1  is phenyl, mono-, di- or tri-(lower)alkylphenyl, cyclohexyl, or amino; R 2  is lower alkyl (C 1  -C 3 ); R 3  is lower alkyl (C 2  -C 3 ) or phenyl; or R 2  and R 3  together with the nitrogen atom form a morpholino ring, and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, such as the hydrochloride. 
     While the above compounds evidence antiinflammatory properties, they also exhibit certain other properties which limit their utility as such drugs. 
     From the Canadian Journal of Chemistry (Vol. 47, pg. 2847, 1969) certain [2,1-b] thiazoles and thiazolo [3,2-a] pyrimidines are known as anthelmintics. 3-(Hydroxy- or methoxy)-phenyl-5,6-dihydroimidazo-[2,1-b] thiazoles are known from U.S. Pat. No. 2,969,369 to have a variety of pharmaceutical activities, including an antiinflammatory effect. Further, U.S. Pat. No. 3,860,718 describes the use of quaternary 7-substituted imidazo [2,1-b] thiazolium compounds as hypoglycemic agents (blood-sugar lowering agents), but no disclosure can be found therein which would indicate that such compounds have antiinflammatory properties. 
     STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide effective antiinflammatory compositions containing as the active ingredients thereof certain imidazothiazoles and thiazolopyrimidines. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for preventing and inhibiting the formation of granuloma tissue in animals employing certain imidazothiazoles and thiazolopyrimidines. 
     It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an imidazothiazole and certain hydrated precursors of imidazothiazoles and thiazolopyrimidines which have pharmaceutical activity. 
     These and further objects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the specification and claims which follow. 
     There has now been found a pharmaceutical preparation in dosage unit form, the active ingredient of which consists of a nontoxic antiinflammatory amount of at least one compound of the formula: ##STR3## wherein n is 2 or 3; R is hydrogen or methyl; R&#39; is hydrogen, C 1  -C 3  alkyl or thioalkyl, phenyl, or carboxy methyl; and R&#34; is C 1  -C 4  alkyl, 2-benzofuranyl, naphthyl, phenyl, or mono- or disubstituted phenyl, and acid addition and quaternary salts thereof. 
     Further in accordance with the objects and practices of the present invention, there have been found active antiinflammatory compounds and mixtures thereof and pharmaceutical preparations in nontoxic dosage unit form adapted for oral or parenteral administration comprised of compounds of the formula: ##STR4## wherein B is ethylene, vinylene (--CH═CH--) or 1&#39;,2&#39;-cyclohexylene and 
     when B is ethylene R 2  is C 1  -C 3  alkylsulfonyl or a group of the formula ##STR5## where R 7  and R 8  are independently selected from hydrogen, monofluorophenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl, or trimethylphenyl with the proviso that R 7  and R 8  can not simultaneously be hydrogen, or R 7  and R 8  when taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form cis-dimethylpyrrolidine; R 3  is C 1  -C 4  alkyl (preferably methyl) or phenyl; R 5  and R 6  are each independently selected from hydrogen or C 1  -C 4  alkyl (preferably methyl); and 
     when B is vinylene R 2  is hydrogen; R 3  is hydrogen or C 1  -C 4  alkyl; R 5  and R 6  are independently selected from hydrogen, phenyl, bromo- or nitrophenyl (preferably para substituted) with the proviso that R 5  and R 6  can not simultaneously be hydrogen; and 
     when B is 1&#39;,2&#39;-cyclohexylene R 2  is hydrogen and R 3  is C 1  -C 4  alkyl (preferably methyl) or phenyl and R 5  and R 6  are each hydrogen with the proviso that when R 3  is methyl the bond at the 2,3-position of the thiazole ring may be saturated and the C-3 carbon atom thereof optionally substituted by a hydroxyl group; 
     and the pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid addition and quaternary salts thereof. 
     A method of preventing and inhibiting the formation of granuloma tissue in an animal subject has further been found, which method comprises administering to said animal a nontoxic antiinflammatory amount of at least one such compound or pharmaceutical preparation thereof. 
     There have further been found 3-(2-benzofuranyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazole and certain hydrated precursors of imidazothiazoles and thiazolopyrimidines having the formula: ##STR6## wherein n is 2 or 3; R is H or CH 3  ; and Y is phenyl or p-chloro- or p-methoxyphenyl. These compounds also have antiinflammatory effect and may be employed in the acid addition or quaternary salt form. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Compounds which are the active ingredients of the present invention fit the general formula: ##STR7## In this formula, when n is 2, the compounds are designated generally as substituted 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazoles. When n is 3, the compounds are designated as substituted tetrahydrothiazolo-[3,2-a] pyrimidines. The substituent R, of which 1 may be present on each methylene group, represents either hydrogen or methyl. The groups represented by R&#39; include hydrogen, C 1  -C 3  alkyl (especially methyl and ethyl) and thioalkyl (especially thiomethyl), carboxy methyl; and phenyl. The members fitting the definition for R&#34; include C 1  -C 4  alkyl (especially methyl and tertiarybutyl), 2-benzofuranyl, naphthyl, phenyl, and mono- or disubstituted phenyl (especially wherein the substituents are electronegative and in the &#34;para&#34; position, such as Cl, Br, NO 2 , OCH 3 , and 3,4-dichloro- or dimethyl). A preferred and novel compound at this time is 3-(2-benzofuranyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[2,1-b] thiazole (including salts thereof). Preferred and novel hydrated precursors of the above formula are those corresponding to the formula: ##STR8## wherein n is 2 or 3; R is H or methyl; and Y is phenyl or p-chloro- or p-methoxyphenyl. 
     As exemplary specifically preferred compounds of the formula ##STR9## and salts thereof referred to above, there may be mentioned 2&#39;,4&#39;,6&#39;-trimethyl-3-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazole-2-carboxanilide, 2&#39;-fluoro-3-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazole-2-carboxanilide, 3&#39;-trifluoromethyl-3-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazole-2-carboxanilide, 2&#39;,4&#39;,6&#39;-trimethyl-3,5(or 3,6)-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazole-2-carboxanilide, 2&#39;,4&#39;,6&#39;-trimethyl-3-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazole-2-carboxanilide, cis-2&#39;,5&#39;-dimethyl-3-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazole-2-pyrrolidamide, 6-phenyl (or 6-phenyl-3-methyl)-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b]  thiazole and the corresponding 7-(4&#34;-chlorobenzyl) thiazolonium chlorides, 6-(4&#39;-nitrophenyl)-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazole, 6-(4&#39;-bromophenyl)-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazole and the corresponding 7-(2&#34;,4&#34;-dichlorobenzyl), (2&#34;-chlorobenzyl) or (3&#34;-propargyl) thiazolonium chlorides, cis-3-methyl-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzimidazole thiazole, trans-3-methyl-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzimidazole thiazole, trans-3-methyl-3-hydroxy-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydrobenzimidazole thiazole corresponding, respectively, to the structural formulas ##STR10## as well as the stereoisomeric random mixtures thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic and organic acid addition salts and quaternary salts of the foregoing such as, for instance, the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, tartrate, phosphate or alkyl or aralkyl halides, i.e., propargyl bromide, mono- or dihalobenzyl chloride, and the like. 
     While the compounds themselves exhibit excellent antiinflammatory activity, they may be and often are employed in the form of pharmacologically acceptable acid addition or quaternary salts thereof. For example, one may employ acid halides, such as HBr or HCl, or tartaric acid, to form the addition salts or alkyl halides and the like, such as propargyl bromide, for quaternization. The criteria for choosing and methods for preparing salts suitable for administration are well known to those skilled in the art. 
     In preparing the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention in unit dosage form, a nontoxic, antiinflammatory amount of one or more of the compounds of the present invention is incorporated with the appropriate carriers and/or diluents. Generally, the amount for administration will be from about 10 to 500 milligrams/kilogram/day of body weight, preferably from about 50 to 300 mg/kg/day. 
     For example, in the case of a tablet, the composition will comprise, in addition to the active ingredient, fillers, binders, and diluents such as lactose, methylcellulose, talc, gum tragacanth, gum acacia, agar, polyvinylpyrrolidone, stearic acid, and/or corn starch, etc. In the case of a liquid suspension for oral administration, the composition will comprise, in addition to the active ingredients, a filler such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose and/or syrup, e.g., a glycerine based syrup. In the case of a parenteral solution or suspension, the composition will comprise, in addition to the active ingredient, a suitable solvent or other liquid such as a saline solution. In the case of a topical ointment, a vehicle such as petroleum jelly or hydrophillic petroleum is suitable. 
     The compounds employed in the instant invention may be prepared by the condensation of an α-haloketone with (1) 2-mercaptoimidazoline or a substituted derivative to yield the desired (substituted) 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazole or (2) with 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinethiol or a substituted derivative to yield the desired (substituted) tetrahydrothiazolo-[3,2-a] pyrimidine. Reference to such standard preparations is set forth in the Canadian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 47 (1969) at page 2843. 
     The 2-carboxanilide derivatives of the invention may be synthesized by allowing the appropriate 2-mercaptoimidazole to react with a 2-chloro-acetoacetanilide in refluxing alcohol. The 2-chloro-acetoacetanilides can be conveniently prepared by chlorination of the corresponding acetoacetanilide with sulfuryl chloride in benzene. The acetoacetanilide starting materials can be obtained by heating ethyl acetoacetate with a substituted aniline. 
     Generally, the cis and trans isomers of 3-methyl-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzimidazole thiazole can be obtained by the following stereospecific synthesis method. Commercially available diaminocyclohexane (cis-trans mixture) is separated into the respective stereoisomers according to the procedure of R. Saito and Y. Kidani, Chemistry Letters, 123-126 (1976). The pure stereoisomers (cis or trans) are then allowed to react with carbon disulfide in ethanol-water. After treatment with concentrated HCl, 2-mercapto-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzimidazole is obtained. If the 2-mercaptobenzimidazole is allowed to react with chloroacetone at 25° C., 3-methyl-3-hydroxy-octahydrobenzimidazo thiazoles are obtained. However, if the 2-mercaptoimidazole is allowed to react with chloroacetone in refluxing ethanol, 3-methyl hexahydrobenzimidazo thiazoles are obtained. Examples of the preparation of certain compounds of the instant invention follow. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     To a refluxing solution of 3-benzoyl propionic acid (18 g) in CHCl 3  (100 ml) was added bromine (16.2 g) in CHCl 3  (100 ml). After 10 minutes of refluxing, the reaction mixture was cooled and the CHCl 3  removed in vacuo. 2-Mercapto-imidazolidine (10.2 g) in absolute ethanol was added and the reaction mixture heated to reflux for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled and the precipitate separated by filtration. The product was recrystallized from 95% ethanol. The isolated product (5.5 g) has a melting point of 258°-263° C. and was found to be 3-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazo-2-yl-acetic acid hydrobromide. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Similarly, for the preparation of 2-methylthio-3-t-butyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazole hydrobromide, the procedure of Example 1 was followed except 1-methylthiopinacolone (10.7 g) was brominated (11.4 g) for the desired intermediate. ##STR11## 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     A solution of 7.41 g (0.05 mole) of N-butyrophenone and a trace of AlCl 3  in 15 ml anhydrous ethyl ether was brominated using 8.0 g (2.65 ml; 0.05 mole) of bromine. The ether and the bromine were removed in vacuo. The resulting oil was diluted to 100 ml with absolute ethanol and mixed with 5.809 g (0.05 mole) of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidine thiol. This material was refluxed for 18 hours. The crude product which was obtained on cooling the reaction mixture was recrystallized from 95% ethanol. Recovery was 8.09 g (49.74%) of a white solid which was analyzed and found to be 2-ethyl-3-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothiazole[3,2-a] pyrimidine hydrobromide. 
     It should be noted that the intermediates, e.g., hydrated compounds, may be produced by well known variations of the foregoing general techniques. For example, they can be obtained by not refluxing but simply heating to a temperature of about 25° C. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     m-Trifluoromethyl aniline (32.22 g) in benzene was dissolved in benzene and diketene added slowly with mixing. The reaction mixture was allowed to stand at 25° C. The resulting solid product was recrystallized from ethanol to yield 3&#39;-trifluoromethyl acetoacetanilide. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     3&#39;-Trifluoromethyl acetoacetanilide (28.45 g) obtained in Example 4 was dissolved in warm benzene. Sulfuryl chloride (9.4 ml, 0.116 m) was added slowly and the reaction allowed to stand at 25° C. for about 2 hours. The solvent was removed and the residual oil was dissolved in ethanol (absolute-100 ml) and ethylene thiourea (11.8 g-0.116 m) added. The mixture was then refluxed for 2 hours and the solid which separated on cooling was filtered, dried and recrystallized from absolute ethanol to yield 36.2 g of 3-methyl-3&#39;-trifluoromethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazole-2-carboxanilide hydrochloride (m.p. 271°-275° C.). 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     2&#39;,4&#39;,6&#39;-Trimethylbenzoylacetanilide (17.5 g-0.062 m) was slurried in 250 ml hot benzene and 8.4 g of sulfuryl chloride slowly added to the solution. Upon standing for approximately 2 hours, the reaction mixture yielded a heavy white precipitate which was removed by filtration and dried. 17 g (0.053 m) of the precipitate was then reacted with ethylene thiourea (5.4 g) in 350 ml absolute ethanol and allowed to reflux for about 25 hours. The solvent was stripped, yielding a yellow white solid which was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/methanol to give 9.9 g of the product 3-phenyl-2&#39;,4&#39;,6&#39;-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[2,1-b] thiazole 2-carboxanilide hydrochloride (m.p. 270°-271° C.). 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     Trans-diaminocyclohexane (20 g) in ethanol-water (50 ml; 50%) was heated to 60° C. Carbon disulfide (16 ml) was then added dropwise over a 1 hour period. After refluxing for 1 hour, concentrated HCl (1.5 ml) was added and the mixture refluxed for 18 hours. The hot reaction mixture was poured into an Erlenmeyer flask and cooled to 5° C. for 2 hours. The resulting precipate was separated by filtration and washed with 50% ethanol-water. The residue was dried to yield 16.74 g, m.p. 196°-197° C. The mother liquor was concentrated to yield another crop of crystals (m.p. 190°-5° C., 1.9 g) identified as trans-2-mercapto-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzimidazole. 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     Trans-2-mercapto-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzimidazole (2.0 g) obtained in Example 7 and chloroacetone (1.05 ml) were slurried in ethanol and the mixture heated to reflux for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated to about 20 ml. Diethylether (60 ml) was added to give a white precipitate. This was separated, washed with diethylether and dried to yield 2.31 g (78%), m.p. 212°-14° C., of trans-3-methyl-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzimidazole thiazole hydrochloride. 
     EXAMPLE 9 
     Trans-mercapto-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzimidazole (2.0 g) and chloroacetone were stirred in ethanol (40 ml) at 25° C. for 18 hours. Diethylether (60 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and the resulting suspension cooled to 5° C. The solid was separated, dried and washed with diethylether to yield 2.54 g (80%) of trans-3-methyl-3-hydroxy-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydrobenzimidazole thiazole. 
     EXAMPLE 10 
     The compounds of the present invention have pharmaceutical activity as antiinflammatory agents, effective in the prevention and inhibition of granuloma tissue formation. The activity is demonstrated by a test which involves the diminution of experimental edema induced in the hind paw of a rat by the injection of carrageenin. 
     The procedure used for measuring the inhibition of carrageenin-induced edema is a slight modification of the method of Winter et al., Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 111:544 (1962). The device used for measurement of the paw volume is an adaptation of the water displacement procedure described by Adamkiewicz et al., Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 33:332 (1955). The above compounds were studied for their effectiveness in preventing the edema caused by the intraplantar injection of 0.05 ml of a sterile 1.0% solution of carrageenin. Compounds were administered orally, except when indicated as intraperitoneally (i.p.), one hour prior to the injection of the carrageenin into the left hind paw of rats. At peak swelling time (3 hours) the volume of edema was calculated by differential paw volumes. 
     Table I (in which Ph=phenyl) sets forth results obtained at the indicated dosages with compounds (or their salts) of the formula: ##STR12## 
     
                                           TABLE I                                 
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                                 Dose  Reduction                          
Compound                                                                  
      n= R=  R&#39;=   R&#34;=    Salt   (mg/kg)                                  
                                       %                                  
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1     2  H,H H     Ph     HBr    50    47                                 
2     &#34;  &#34;   H     3,4-diCH.sub.3 Ph                                      
                          &#34;      &#34;     27                                 
3     &#34;  &#34;   SCH.sub.3                                                    
                   C(CH.sub.3).sub.3                                      
                          &#34;      &#34;     26                                 
4     &#34;  &#34;   C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                              
                   Ph     &#34;      25    41                                 
5     &#34;  &#34;   C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                              
                   p-ClPh &#34;      &#34;     33                                 
6     &#34;  &#34;   CH.sub.3                                                     
                   &#34;      &#34;      &#34;     45                                 
7     &#34;  &#34;   H     p-BrPh &#34;      50    70                                 
8     &#34;  &#34;   H     C(CH.sub.3).sub.3                                      
                          H tartrate                                      
                                 &#34;     56                                 
9     &#34;  &#34;   H     CH.sub.3                                               
                          HCl    &#34;     46                                 
10    &#34;  &#34;   H     α-naphthyl                                       
                          HI     &#34;     58                                 
11    &#34;  &#34;   H     C(CH.sub.3).sub.3                                      
                          none   &#34;     48                                 
12    &#34;  CH.sub.3,H                                                       
             H     C(CH.sub.3).sub.3                                      
                          HBr    &#34;     54                                 
13    &#34;  CH.sub.3,H                                                       
             H     CH.sub.3                                               
                          HCl    &#34;     24                                 
14       H,H CH.sub.3                                                     
                   Ph     HBr    &#34;     49                                 
15    &#34;  H,H Ph    CH.sub.3                                               
                          HBr    &#34;     53                                 
16    &#34;  CH.sub.3,H                                                       
             H     p-ClPh HBr    &#34;     58                                 
17    &#34;  CH.sub.3,H                                                       
             H     p-NO.sub.2 Ph                                          
                          HBr    &#34;     48                                 
18    &#34;  CH.sub.3,H                                                       
             H     3,4-diClPh                                             
                          HBr    &#34;     42                                 
19    2  H,H CH.sub.2 COOH                                                
                   Ph     HBr      100ip                                  
                                       24                                 
20    &#34;  &#34;   H     Ph     3,4-diCl-                                       
                                 20    36                                 
                          benzyl Cl                                       
21    &#34;  &#34;   H     p-BrPh none   40    49                                 
22    &#34;  &#34;   H     &#34;      propargyl Br                                    
                                  100  36                                 
23    &#34;  &#34;   H     &#34;      α-methyl                                  
                                 40    27                                 
                          propargyl Cl                                    
24    &#34;  &#34;   H     &#34;      4-chloro-2-                                     
                                 60    20                                 
                          buteneyl Cl                                     
25    &#34;  &#34;   H     CH.sub.3                                               
                          none    150  44                                 
26    &#34;  &#34;   H     CH.sub.3                                               
                          propargyl Br                                    
                                 40    31                                 
27    &#34;  &#34;   H     2-benzo-                                               
                          HBr    40    40                                 
                   furanyl                                                
28    3  3H  H     p-ClPh &#34;      25    29                                 
29    &#34;  &#34;   C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                              
                   Ph     &#34;      50    76                                 
30    &#34;  &#34;   H     Ph     &#34;      40    25                                 
31    &#34;  &#34;   CH.sub.3                                                     
                   Ph     &#34;      40    48                                 
32    &#34;  &#34;   H     p-NO.sub.2 Ph                                          
                          &#34;      25    20                                 
33    &#34;  &#34;   CH.sub.3                                                     
                   p-ClPh &#34;      10    22                                 
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     All compounds show a positive effect, which may be increased by the use of larger dosages. 
     EXAMPLE 11 
     Following the procedure set forth in Example 10, hydrated compounds according to the following formula were evaluated for antiinflammatory effect with the results shown in Table II: ##STR13## 
     
                       TABLE II                                                    
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                                          Reduc-                          
                                   Dose   tion                            
Compound                                                                  
        n═ Y═    R═                                           
                              Salt (mg/kg)                                
                                          (%)                             
______________________________________                                    
34      2      Ph        H    HBr  100    70                              
35      2      Ph        CH.sub.3                                         
                              &#34;    150    68                              
36      2      p-ClPh    H    &#34;     25    57                              
37      3      Ph        H    &#34;     50    52                              
38      3      p-ClPh    H    &#34;    100    76                              
39      3      p-CH.sub.3 OPh                                             
                         H    &#34;     40    27                              
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     EXAMPLE 12 
     Following the procedure set forth in Example 10, compounds according to the following formula were evaluated for antiinflammatory effect with the results shown in Table II-A: ##STR14## 
     
                                           TABLE II-A                              
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                                                    Dose Reduction        
B      R.sub.2          R.sub.3                                           
                            R.sub.5                                       
                                  R.sub.6                                 
                                     A           X  (mg/kg)               
                                                         (%)              
__________________________________________________________________________
Ethylene                                                                  
                        CH.sub.3                                          
                            H     H  H           Cl 200  11               
        ##STR15##       CH.sub.3                                          
                            H     H  H           Cl 200  15               
&#34;                                                                         
        ##STR16##       CH.sub.3                                          
                            H     H  H           Cl 200  66               
&#34;                                                                         
        ##STR17##       CH.sub.3                                          
                            CH.sub.3                                      
                                  H  --          -- 200  24               
Ethylene                                                                  
        ##STR18##       C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                   
                            H     H  H           Cl 50   23               
&#34;                       CH.sub.3                                          
                            H     H  H           Cl 200  20               
&#34;                                                                         
        ##STR19##       CH.sub.3                                          
                            CH.sub.3                                      
                                  CH.sub.3                                
                                     H           Cl 40    3               
&#34;      SO.sub.2 CH.sub.3                                                  
                        C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                   
                            H     H  --          -- 200  43               
Vinylene                                                                  
       H                H   Ph    H  --          -- 100  69               
Vinylene                                                                  
       H                H   Ph    H  p-ClC.sub.6 H.sub.4 CH.sub.2         
                                                 Cl.sup.-                 
                                                    40   22               
Vinylene                                                                  
       H                H   p-NO.sub.2 Ph                                 
                                  H  H           Br 200  28               
Vinylene                                                                  
       H                H   p-BrPh                                        
                                  H  H           Br.sup.-                 
                                                    200  25               
Vinylene                                                                  
       H                H   p-BrPh                                        
                                  H  o-ClC.sub.6 H.sub.4 CH.sub.2         
                                                 Cl.sup.-                 
                                                    150  48               
Vinylene                                                                  
       H                H   p-BrPh                                        
                                  H  propargyl   Br.sup.-                 
                                                    50   22               
Vinylene                                                                  
       H                H   p-BrPh                                        
                                  H  m-ClC.sub.6 H.sub.4 CH.sub.2         
                                                 Cl.sup.-                 
                                                    40   22               
Vinylene                                                                  
       H                H   p-BrPh                                        
                                  H  2,4-Cl.sub. 2 C.sub.6 H.sub.3        
                                     CH.sub.3    Cl.sup.-                 
                                                    25   38               
Vinylene                                                                  
       H                CH.sub.3                                          
                            Ph    H  --          -- 150  47               
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     Similarly, the following 1&#39;,2&#39;-cyclohexylene derivatives were evaluated relative to their antiinflammatory effects. 
     
                       TABLE II-B                                                  
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                      Dose      Reduction                                 
Compound              (mg/kg)   (%)                                       
______________________________________                                    
 ##STR20##            10         46                                       
 ##STR21##            25 50      76 100                                   
 ##STR22##            25 50      57 80                                    
 ##STR23##            50        45                                        
 ##STR24##            40        29                                        
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     As is evident from the data in Table II-B, each of the respective cis and trans stereoisomers of compounds containing a 1&#39;,2&#39;-cyclohexylene moiety display excellent antiinflammatory activity. Likewise, those compounds comprised of random mixtures of each of the cis and trans stereoisomers are also active antiinflammatory agents. While the pure trans isomers appear to possess slightly greater antiinflammatory activity than the pure cis compounds or the random stereoisomeric mixtures based upon comparative dose-response relationships, preferential selection of a particular compound or stereoisomer will depend, of course, upon the mode of administration and dosage regimen contemplated, the severity of the inflammatory condition to be treated, dosage related adverse effects, if any, observed and analogous considerations. 
     EXAMPLE 13 
     Certain of the compounds of the invention were further tested to determine their ED 50  values. The ED 50  value is defined as that dose which reduced edema formation by about 25% or more compared with the mean control response (parallel run) in 50% of the animals. Typical results of these tests appear in Table III. 
     
                       TABLE III                                                   
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ED.sub.50 vs. CARRAGEENIN ASSAY                                           
         Dose        ED.sub.50   Confidence                               
Compound (mg/kg)     (mg/kg)     Limits-95%                               
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1        25, 75, 100, 150                                                 
                     25          18-32                                    
9        25, 50, 75, 100                                                  
                     20          16-24                                    
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     EXAMPLE 14 
     Next, certain of the compounds were subjected to a secondary screen designated the adrenalectomized assay. In this series of tests, the method used was identical to that described above, except that the animals used were adrenalectomized several days prior to assay. Since the results in the nonadrenalectomized animals were similar to those obtained in the adrenalectomized animals, it can be inferred that the antiinflammatory activity of the test compounds was not caused by the release of endogeneous adrenocortical steroids. 
     The results of this test are given in Table IV. 
     
                       TABLE IV                                                    
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Adrenalectomized Sprague Dawley Male Rats                                 
(Charles River)                                                           
Compound    % Reduction   Dose at mg/kg                                   
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1           32            50                                              
4           31            25                                              
5           15            25                                              
6           19            25                                              
8           23            25                                              
9           46            25                                              
10          18            50                                              
16          16            50                                              
17          60            50                                              
29          18            25                                              
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     EXAMPLE 15 
     Selected compounds were further subjected to advanced evaluations. Specifically, in view of the interesting activity of compounds 1 and 9, those compounds were further subjected to the adjuvant-induced arthritis test. This test requires one month (from day 0 to day 31). In the first seventeen days (0-17), the disease is in a developing stage, while for the remainder of the month (18-31) the disease is fully developed. The results of this test, given in terms of percent reduction of swelling in the hind paw of the rat are shown in Table V. 
     The method is essentially that of Newbould, Brit. J. Pharmacol. 21:127, 1963. The test compounds were studied in the developing arthritis state and in the established arthritic state. Separate groups of twelve rats were administered the compounds orally using methylcellulose as the vehicle. In the study on the developing disease, administration of the test compounds begins on day 1 and on day 2 each animal is injected with 0.05 ml/kg of a 0.5% suspension of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the plantar surface of the left hind paw. Foot volumes were measured by a water displacement device on the day of administration of the Mycobacterium and again on days 3, 10 and 17. The test compounds were administered once daily. Body weights were recorded daily and the animals were examined for the spread of the inflammation and the degree of secondary lesions. For study in the established disease, another group of rats are injected with the Mycobacterium and foot volumes are measured. After twenty days volumes are again measured and administration of the test compounds begins and continues for eleven days. Foot volume measurements are repeated on day 27 and day 31. The extent of the spread of the inflammation and the degree of lesions are recorded daily as are the body weights. The effect of the test compounds is measured by the percentage reduction in left hind paw volumes as compared to the hind paw volumes of the control groups. 
     
                                           TABLE V                                 
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ADJUVANT ARTHRITIS TEST IN RATS                                           
% REDUCTION IN SWELLING-HIND PAWS                                         
           Days                                                           
Dose       Developing (prophylatic)                                       
                        Developed (therapeutic)                           
Compound                                                                  
      (mg/kg)                                                             
           3   10  17   20  27  31                                        
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1     20   18  13  18   5   0   0                                         
      40   10  21  43   4   14  8                                         
9     24   21  23  15   5   0   0                                         
      50   18  17  6    3   3   7                                         
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     In addition to the reduction in inflammation indicated in Table V, a lessening in the degree of secondary lesions was observed.