Planetary-type of gear and procedure and apparatus for its production
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention concerns, in the first place, a gear working as a gear mechanism between an incoming and an outgoing shaft for the change of r.p.m. The gear mechanism according to the invention is especially suited for usage when a large reduction of r.p.m. is to be achieved, but the principal can be applied also to other gear ratios. The invention also concerns a procedure and apparatus for producing the gear mechanism. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     It has been believed as early as 1924 that a gear mechanism could be engineered having planetary gears containing several planetary wheels circling around a sun wheel. The planetary gears support a first gear wheel with a different diametrical pitch than the one that is in mesh with the sun wheel, and an outside gear ring joined with the cover. The planetary gears also support a second gear wheel that is in mesh with a gear ring belonging to the outgoing shaft. In this way, it was believed that a large reduction of the r.p.m. of an incoming shaft could be obtained. Danish Pat. No. 32749 shows a couple of such solutions in principle. 
     Unfortunately, the Danish patent does not take into account the absolute necessary condition of a careful matching of the phase displacements between the two mutually firmly connected wheels existing on the planetary wheel, without which the gear completely locks or runs with intense wear, etc. Further, it is absolutely necessarily required for a good function that the center of the planet be built steady and carefully centered on main shafts carried in bearings, since otherwise the meshing will vary in an uncontrollable way due to the fact that principally the dead weight of the planetary center will effect the gear. This causes, in turn, an uneven operation and fast wear of the gear teeth in the gear. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The gear mechanism according to the present invention contains a relatively small number of parts, which are a part of a very compact and well enclosed construction, which suitably is connected with an incoming shaft directly coupled to a motor, for instance, an electrical motor, whereby the incoming shaft to the gear and the motor shaft can constitute one and the same part. 
     Further, the invention concerns a procedure and an apparatus for the production of a component of the gear or gear mechanism according to the invention. Since each of the planetary wheels or gear wheels during its rotation is in mesh with three gear wheels or paths, they must be formed in a special way so that they will not lock. Through the possibility of arranging a number of planetary wheels evenly spaced around the circumference, the transmitted power will to a large extent be increased without the outside dimensions thereby being changed and without any considerable increase in weight or manufacturing cost. This must be considered a major advantage. Furthermore, a very good balancing is acquired. 
     The detailed nature of the gear, procedure, and apparatus for production according to the present invention is clear from the attached claims. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In the detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention hereinafter presented, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic cross section taken on line 1--1 of FIG. 2 of one embodiment of a gear mechanism according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic end view of the inlet of the gear mechanism illustrated in FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a schematic front elevation, partially in section, of an apparatus for producing a planetary gear wheel of the gear mechanism in FIG. 1; and 
     FIG. 4 is a schematic, partial sectional view along line 4--4 of FIG. 3. 
     FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of a second embodiment of a gear mechanism according to the present invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Because gear mechanisms and procedures and apparatus for their manufacture are well known, the present description will be directed in particular to elements forming part of, or cooperating more directly with, the present invention. Elements not specifically shown or described herein are understood to be selectable from those known in the art. 
     Referring now to the drawings, and to FIGS. 1 and 2 in particular, a gear mechanism is illustrated having a stationary housing with a gear ring 3 attached thereto by means of a screw joint. An incoming shaft 9 of the gear mechanism is equipped with an exterior gear wheel 18. The shaft 9 is supported by a first set of bearings 15 positioned in one end 5 of the housing 2 and by a second set of bearings 14 supported by an output or outgoing shaft 22. 
     A planetary center is arranged in which the two planetary wheels or gear wheels 6 are mounted in bearings. Both of the planetary wheels have two gear wheel portions 19 and 20. Preferably, the wheels 6 are made from one piece of material, which has a central boring. A journal 7, equipped with needle bearings 11, 17, carries each of the planetary wheels 6. The first of the gear wheel portions 19 is in mesh with both the gear wheel 18 on the incoming shaft 9 and the gear ring 3 affixed to the housing. The second gear wheel portion 20 has a diameter different from that of the first portion 19 and also possibly a different number of teeth. Gear wheel 20 is in mesh with the gear wheel 4. which is firmly joined with the portion 1 of the composite outgoing shaft 1,22. The journals 7 are firmly joined with ring-shaped discs 8 on both sides of the planetary wheels, which discs also surround the incoming shaft 9 and are carried on shaft 9 by means of bearings 12 and 16. Between the adjacent bearings 14 and 12 is a distance or adjusting piece 23. As can be seen, the outgoing shaft has an enlarged diameter part 1, which carries the gear ring 4. The housing 2 has a reduced diameter part 21, which surrounds the end of the part 22 of the composite outgoing shaft. 
     The composite outgoing shaft 1,22 is equipped with the gear ring 4, and is supported at the other end 10 of the housing 2 by means of two bearings 13. 
     It is often desirable to be able to calculate the gear ratio of a gear mechanism knowing the dimensions of those gear wheels that are a part of the gear. 
     In the following equations: 
     the r.p.m. of the incoming shaft equals N A   
     the r.p.m. of the outgoing shaft equals N B   
     the diametrical pitch of the gear wheel or drive of the incoming shaft equals D A   
     the diametrical pitch of the gear ring of the outgoing shaft equals D B   
     the diametrical pitch of the gear ring mounted on the housing equals D H   
     the diametrical pitch of the first planetary gear wheels equals D P1   
     the diametrical pitch of the second planetary gear wheel in mesh with the gear ring of the outgoing shaft equals D P2 ) 
     and the gear ratio is obtained according to the formula ##EQU1## 
     If, which usually is the case, all gear paths in the gear have the same modulus, the diametrical pitches can be interchanged with the corresponding gear tooth number since these quantities are proportional to each other. 
     In the here described embodiment, all gear paths are assumed having the same modulus. If it is assumed that the sun wheel 18 on the incoming shaft 9 has a gear tooth number of 13, the gear ring 3 on the housing has a gear tooth number of 43, the gear ring on the outgoing shaft has a gear tooth number of 42, and the gear tooth numbers of gear wheels 19 and 20 of the planetary wheels 6 amount to 15 and 14, respectively, a gear ratio of close to 1:97 is obtained. Thus, the gear mechanism provides a large reduction of the r.p.m. of the incoming shaft. 
     The planetary wheels in the described embodiment are made from one single piece of material. It is an indispensable condition when two planetary wheels are a part of the same gear that the wheels be made so that the two gear wheels are mutually identically orientated and otherwise made as identical as possible, so that the gear will not lock or wear in an unnatural way. Moreover, the planetary wheels have to be placed in correct phase in relation to each other, when these are to be arranged evenly spaced around the circumference of the sun wheel. 
     An example of how an apparatus or machine set, in which a number of mutually matching planetary wheels, which can be used in a gear according to the present invention, can be made is schematically shown in FIG. 3. The apparatus is used to work the gear teeth in the second gear wheel 20 on the planetary wheels to make this gear wheel match the first wheel 19. 
     The gear-cutting on the second wheel 20 will now be described. A fixture 25 is fastened in a usual way on a machine table 28, so that it is steadily fixed. The fixture 25 has a turned position for the wheel 19, which is readily furnished with teeth. Then, the planetary wheel 6 is secured by means of a screw 26 and is fastened in a usual way so that a wedge 27 will enter a tooth space. Then, the other gear wheel portion 20, which is separated from the first by a slit 24, is planed. This gear wheel will consequently be positioned in a certain relation to the tooth space receiving the wedge 27. Under the assumption that the gear box of the machine, the cutter wheel 30 or the spindle 29 of the planing-machine are not subject to any change, all the planetary wheels that are run this way will be identical, as regards the placing of the two gear wheel portions in relation to the tooth receiving the wedge. 
     It is, of course, possible to let any one of the main shafts of the gear be the incoming shaft. Further, one can change the gear shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in such a way that the gear ring 4 is turned into a gear ring or a gear wheel with outward teeth and internal teeth that mesh with the gear wheel 20. Then, one naturally obtains another gear ratio. This embodiment is specifically illustrated in FIG. 5. In this figure, the same reference numerals, with primes attached, have been used to identify components similar to those previously described. As illustrated in FIG. 5, a gear wheel 20&#39; drives a gear ring 4&#39; carried by shaft 1&#39;. Furthermore, there is the possibility of furnishing the planetary wheels with more than two gear wheels or paths, whereby several outgoing shafts can be obtained, which can be carried in bearings concentrically to each other. Such devices can be of use in special cases. 
     Previously, specific embodiments of the present invention have been described. It should be appreciated, however, that these embodiments have been described for the purposes of illustration only, without any intention of limiting the scope of the present invention. Rather, it is the intention that the present invention be limited only by the appended claims.