High percentage water content monitor
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to monitors in general and, more particularly, to crude-in-brine monitors. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An oil-in-brine monitor capable of measuring percent by volume of water in an oil-in-brine mixture in which the water content is 80% or more includes a housing which houses a sensor. The sensor receives an excitation voltage from a source and provides a signal in accordance with the water content of the oil-in-brine mixture. Apparatus provides an indication of the percent water in the mixture in accordance with the signal from the sensor. 
     The objects and advantages of the invention will appear more fully hereinafter, from a consideration of the detailed description which follows, taken together with the accompanying drawing wherein one embodiment is illustrated by way of example. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawing is for illustration purposes only and is not to be construed as defining the limits of the invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     The drawing is a mechanical drawing of an oil-in-brine monitor constructed in accordance with the present invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The determination of water content in oil-in-brine mixtures is of utmost importance to the petroleum industry. In the conventional use of commercial capacitance type sensors, the devices are usually limited to applications where brine-in-oil emulsions are monitored. This effectively limits the application to a water cut of 0 to 70 percent by volume of water in oil. 
     For oil production water flood projects, water cut values of 80% to 100% are common. In this water cut range, where free brine is present, the capacitance type probes are not applicable. The present invention utilizes a resistivity measuring technique for determining the water content in an oil-in-brine mixture where there is a water cut range of 80% to 100%. 
     It should be noted where the water content of the mixture is in the vicinity of 74% to 76%, the water becomes the continuous phase which contains the oil. This type of mixture is unstable and will separate into water and oil in a relatively short time period. A water-in-oil mixture, i.e. where oil is the continuous phase, is highly stable and does not separate readily. 
     Referring now to the FIGURE, there is shown a monitor which for resistivity determination of water cuts in the 80% to 100% range includes a tee 3 having concentric reducers 6 welded to opposite ends. Concentric reducers 6 reduce the measuring cell size down to the pipe diameter. Victaulic adaptors 10 are welded to the narrow ends of reducers 6. A flange extension 15 is welded to the remaining open end of tee 3. 
     A probe assembly includes an outlet box 21 having an internal threaded end for being connected to a sensor extension arm 24. Sensor extension arm 24 also has internal threads at the end that is connected to outlet box 21 and external threads at the opposite end. A plug 28 is threaded into sensor extension arm 24 and has a passageway for the passage of wires. A probe flange 30 is welded to sensor extension arm 24 and has holes for mounting bolts 83 which are used to affix robe flange 30 to flange extension 15. A wiper 36 of neoprene rubber is held in place by a plastic retainer 38 which is affixed to probe flange 30 by screws 44. A thermistor 54 is mounted in a connector 52 which is connected to extension arm 24. 
     Sensor head 50 containing two toroidal coils 55 and 56, one for transmitting (coil 55) electromagnetic energy into the flowing oil-in-brine mixture and one for receiving (coil 56) the electromagnetic energy from the mixture. Head 50 may be of the type manufactured by Great Lakes Instruments, Inc. as their part number 32014 electrodeless sensor. The wires (not shown) from thermistor 54 and coils 55, 56 pass through extension arm 24 to outlet box 21 and are connected to analyzer means 63 by way of a cable in a conduit 60. Analyzer means 63, which may be of the type also manufactured by Great Lakes Instruments, Inc. as their model 75 conductivity analyzer, also provides an excitation voltage to coil 55. Analyzer means 63 provides an indication of the water content of the mixture in accordance with the signals from coil 56 and from thermistor 54. 
     The present invention as hereinbefore described is an oil-in-brine monitor which measures the water cut of a mixture wherein the water cut lies within the range of 80 to 100 percent.