N-Benzylphenylacetamide derivatives, and their production and use as herbicides
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 226,863 filed on Jan. 21, 1981; and now abandoned. 
    
    
     The present invention relates to N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives, and their production and use. 
     The said N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives are representable by the formula: ##STR2## wherein X and Y, which may be same or different, are each a C 1  -C 3  alkyl group, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a nitro group or a C 1  -C 3  alkoxy group, m is an integer of 0 to 3 and n is an integer of 1 or 2. In the above meanings, &#34;halogen&#34; includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. 
     Among them, preferred are those of the formula (I) wherein X is methyl, fluorine, chlorine, trifluoromethyl or methoxy, m is an integer of 0 to 2, Y is methyl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or methoxy and n is an integer of 1 or 2. Particularly preferred are those of the formula (I) wherein X is methyl, fluorine, chlorine or methoxy, m is an integer of 0 or 1, Y is methyl, fluorine or chlorine and n is an integer of 1, provided that when m or n is an integer of 1, X or Y is present at the m- or o-position on the benzene ring. 
     It has been found that the N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives (I) are highly effective in preventing and exterminating farmland annual weeds such as Echinochloa utilis, large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) and paddy field annual weeds such as barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), pickerel weed (Monochoria vaginalis), false pimpernel (Lindernia pyxidaria) and Dopatrium junceum. It has also been found that the N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives (I) exhibit a strong herbicidal activity against paddy field perennial weeds such as Cyperus serotinus, Sagittaria pygmaea, Scirpus Hotarui, slender spikerush (Eleocharis aciculalis) and Eleocharis kuroguwai as well as paddy field annual weeds as noted above and show a very broad herbicidal spectrum. Moreover, it may be noted that, while the prevention and extermination of perennial weeds such as purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) in farmland are generally difficult, the N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives (I) exert a strong herbicidal activity against it by pre-emergence treatment or post-emergence treatment. 
     Advantageously, the N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives (I) produce a strong herbicidal potency on the application to farmland, particularly by soil surface treatment or soil mixing treatment prior to emergence of weeds, without causing any harmful effect on various crop plants (e.g. rice, soybean, cotton, corn, peanut, sugarbeet, sunflower) and vegetables (e.g. lettuce, cabbage). 
     Accordingly, the N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives (I) are useful as herbicides applicable for paddy field and farmland. They are also useful as herbicides to be employed for vegetable garden, orchard, lawn, pasture, tea garden, mulberry field, rubber plantation, forest, nonagricultural land, etc. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,498,781 discloses some pivalic acid amide derivatives, which are somewhat similar to the N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives (I) in chemical structure and have a herbicidal activity. However, the herbicidal activity of the N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives (I) is generally more excellent than that of the pivalic acid amide derivatives. It is particularly notable that, in comparison with the pivalic acid amide derivatives, the N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives (I) exert an extremely high herbicidal effect on perennial field weeds such as nutsedge sp. (e.g. Cyperus rotundus) and Gramineae weeds without any phytotoxicity to soybean, cotton, corn, rice plants or sugarbeet. 
     The N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives (I) can be produced by reacting a phenylacetic acid or its reactive derivative of the formula: ##STR3## wherein X and m are each as defined above with a benzylamine derivative of the formula: ##STR4## wherein Y and n are each as defined above. 
     The benzylamine derivative (III) is obtainable, for instance, by the method as disclosed in J.Am.Chem.Soc., 71, 3929 (1949). 
     For the reaction, the phenylacetic acid or its reactive derivative (II) may be used in an amount of 0.4 to 1.5 equivalents, preferably of 0.5 to 1.1 equivalents to one equivalent of the benzylamine derivative (III). The reaction may be carried out in the presence or absence of an inert solvent. Examples of the inert solvent are hydrocarbons (e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene), halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. chlorobenzene, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride), ethers (e.g. diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane), alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, isopropanol), ketones (e.g. acetone, methylethylketone, methylisobutylketone), esters (e.g. ethyl acetate), nitriles (e.g. acetonitrile), dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, water, etc. Among them, particularly preferred is benzene. The reaction can be effected within a wide range of temperature from the freezing temperature to the boiling temperature of the reaction mixture, preferably from 0° C. to the the boiling temperature of the reaction mixture. If necessary, cooling or heating may be adopted. 
     As the phenylacetic acid or its reactive derivative (II), there may be used carboxylic acid, acid anhydride, acid chloride, acid bromide, carboxylic acid ester, etc. Depending upon its kind, an appropriate reaction aid may be employed in the reaction. In case of the carboxylic acid, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus tribromide, thionyl chloride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium methoxide, triethylamine, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, etc. are usable as the reaction aid. In case of the acid chloride or acid bromide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium methoxide, triethylamine, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, sodium acetate, etc., preferably triethylamine, are usable as the reaction aid. When the reaction aid is employed, its amount may be from a catalytic amount to 1.5 equivalents, preferably from 0.95 to 1.1 equivalent to one equivalent of the material to be eliminated from the starting compounds as the result of the reaction. 
     The recovery of the reaction product from the reaction mixture may be carried out in a per se conventional manner. For instance, the reaction mixture is filtered and/or washed with water, followed by distillation for removal of the solvent to give the reaction product, i.e. the N-benzylphenylacetamide derivative (I). If desired, this reaction product may be purified by a per se conventional procedure such as recrystallization from an appropriate solvent such as benzene, toluene, methanol, ethanol or isopropyl ether. 
     Practical embodiments of the preparation of the N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives (I) are illustratively shown in the following example. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Into a 300 ml four-necked flask, there were charged benzene (200 ml), 4-fluoro-α,α-dimethylbenzylamine (7.7 g) and triethylamine (6.0 g), and o-methylphenylacetyl chloride (9.5 g) was dropwise added thereto at room temperature while stirring, followed by refluxing for 3 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture was washed with water to remove triethylamine hydrochloride. After the benzene layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from ethanol to give 11.3 g of N-(4-fluoro-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-o-methylphenylacetamide (Compound No. 11). M.P., 150°-151° C. 
     Elementary analysis (C 18  H 20  NOF): Calcd.: C, 75.76%; H, 7.06%; N, 4.91%. Found: C, 75.88%; H, 7.30%; N, 4.72%. 
     In the same manner as above, there are produced other N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives (I), of which some specific examples are shown in Table 1. 
     
                                           TABLE 1                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
Com-                                                                      
pound                        Melting point                                
                                    Elementary analysis (%)               
No. Chemical structure       (°C.)                                 
                                         C  H  N Halogen                  
__________________________________________________________________________
     ##STR5##                130-132                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        80.86 80.79                       
                                           7.92 8.12                      
                                              5.24 5.11                   
                                                  --  --                  
   2                                                                      
     ##STR6##                120.5-122                                    
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        80.86 80.61                       
                                           7.92 8.00                      
                                              5.24 5.16                   
                                                  --  --                  
  3.                                                                      
     ##STR7##                166-168                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        81.10 80.98                       
                                           8.24 8.35                      
                                              4.98 4.96                   
                                                  --  --                  
  4                                                                       
     ##STR8##                141-143                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        75.25 75.29                       
                                           6.69 6.80                      
                                              5.16 5.18                   
                                                  --  --                  
  5                                                                       
     ##STR9##                129.5-131                                    
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        75.25 75.21                       
                                           6.69 6.74                      
                                              5.16 5.10                   
                                                  --  --                  
  6                                                                       
     ##STR10##               114-115                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        70.95 70.77                       
                                           6.30 6.37                      
                                              4.87 4.98                   
                                                 12.32 (Cl) 12.47 (Cl)    
  7                                                                       
     ##STR11##               117.5-119                                    
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        63.37 63.28                       
                                           5.32 5.31                      
                                              4.35 4.43                   
                                                 22.00 (Cl) 22.13 (Cl)    
  8                                                                       
     ##STR12##               151-152                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        63.37 63.28                       
                                           5.32 5.35                      
                                              4.35 4.39                   
                                                 22.00 (Cl) 21.98 (Cl)    
  9                                                                       
     ##STR13##               117-119                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        61.46 61.58                       
                                           5.46 5.71                      
                                              4.22 4.16                   
                                                 24.05 (Br) 24.20 (Br)    
  10                                                                      
     ##STR14##               103-104                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        81.10 81.30                       
                                           8.24 8.21                      
                                              4.98 5.04                   
                                                   --  --                 
  11                                                                      
     ##STR15##               150-151                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        75.76 75.88                       
                                           7.06 7.30                      
                                              4.91 4.72                   
                                                  --  --                  
  12                                                                      
     ##STR16##               124-125                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        71.63 71.48                       
                                           6.68 6.80                      
                                              4.64 4.80                   
                                                 11.75 (Cl) 11.77 (Cl)    
  13                                                                      
     ##STR17##               96-98  Calcd. Found                          
                                        81.10 81.32                       
                                           8.24 8.30                      
                                              4.98 4.77                   
                                                  --  --                  
  14                                                                      
     ##STR18##               98-99  Calcd. Found                          
                                        71.63 71.71                       
                                           6.68 6.79                      
                                              4.64 4.62                   
                                                 11.75 (Cl) 11.77 (Cl)    
  15                                                                      
     ##STR19##               109-110                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        71.63 71.80                       
                                           6.68 6.54                      
                                              4.64 4.89                   
                                                 11.75 (Cl) 11.68 (Cl)    
  16                                                                      
     ##STR20##               75-77  Calcd. Found                          
                                        76.65 76.83                       
                                           7.72 7.91                      
                                              4.47 4.28                   
                                                  --  --                  
  17                                                                      
     ##STR21##               112-113                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        75.76 75.69                       
                                           7.06  7.23                     
                                              4.91 4.88                   
                                                  --  --                  
  18                                                                      
     ##STR22##                 119-120.5                                  
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        66.78 66.80                       
                                           5.60 5.82                      
                                              4.58 4.66                   
                                                 11.59 (Cl) 11.38 (Cl)    
  19                                                                      
     ##STR23##               144-146                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        71.63 71.82                       
                                           6.68 6.71                      
                                              4.64 4.50                   
                                                 11.75 (Cl) 11.63 (Cl)    
  20                                                                      
     ##STR24##               129-131                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        63.37 63.61                       
                                           5.32 5.49                      
                                              4.35 4.65                   
                                                 22.00 (Cl) 22.14 (Cl)    
  21                                                                      
     ##STR25##               110-112                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        62.44 62.62                       
                                           5.82 5.90                      
                                              4.05 3.89                   
                                                 23.08 (Br) 23.19 (Br)    
  22                                                                      
     ##STR26##               79-82  Calcd. Found                          
                                        68.05 67.92                       
                                           6.01 5.88                      
                                              4.18 4.32                   
                                                  --  --                  
  23                                                                      
     ##STR27##               204-207                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        69.21 69.18                       
                                           6.45 6.22                      
                                              8.97 9.16                   
                                                  --  --                  
  24                                                                      
     ##STR28##                 73-74.5                                    
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        76.74 76.84                       
                                           7.80  7.83                     
                                              4.71 4.80                   
                                                  --  --                  
  25                                                                      
     ##STR29##               156-157                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        77.14 76.99                       
                                           8.09 8.15                      
                                              4.50 4.63                   
                                                  --  --                  
  26                                                                      
     ##STR30##               79.5-81.5                                    
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        68.03 68.33                       
                                           6.34 6.24                      
                                              4.41 4.47                   
                                                 11.16 (Cl) 10.94 (Cl)    
  27                                                                      
     ##STR31##               96-97  Calcd. Found                          
                                        68.03 67.85                       
                                           6.34 6.31                      
                                              4.41 4.52                   
                                                 11.16 (Cl) 11.38 (Cl)    
  28                                                                      
     ##STR32##                98-100                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        77.14 77.02                       
                                           8.09 8.25                      
                                              4.50 4.33                   
                                                  --  --                  
  29                                                                      
     ##STR33##               118.5-120                                    
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        63.57 63.41                       
                                           6.40 6.59                      
                                              3.71 3.80                   
                                                  9.38 (Cl)  9.58 (Cl)    
  30                                                                      
     ##STR34##                 127-128.5                                  
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        81.10 81.23                       
                                           8.24 8.19                      
                                              4.98 4.93                   
                                                  --  --                  
  31                                                                      
     ##STR35##                 132-133.5                                  
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        71.63 71.81                       
                                           6.68 6.89                      
                                              4.64 4.62                   
                                                 11.75 (Cl) 11.82 (Cl)    
  32                                                                      
     ##STR36##               125.5-127                                    
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        75.76 75.87                       
                                           7.06 7.18                      
                                              4.91 4.89                   
                                                  --  --                  
  33                                                                      
     ##STR37##               115-116                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        66.78 66.68                       
                                           5.60 5.70                      
                                              4.58 4.54                   
                                                 11.59 (Cl) 11.68 (Cl)    
  34                                                                      
     ##STR38##                 125-126.5                                  
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        63.37  63.48                      
                                           5.32 5.35                      
                                              4.35 4.44                   
                                                 22.00 (Cl) 21.97 (Cl)    
  35                                                                      
     ##STR39##                 121-122.5                                  
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        71.63 71.81                       
                                           6.68 6.78                      
                                              4.64 4.61                   
                                                 11.75 (Cl) 11.65 (Cl)    
  36                                                                      
     ##STR40##               109.5-110.5                                  
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        70.95 71.16                       
                                           6.30 6.45                      
                                              4.87 4.64                   
                                                 12.32 (Cl) 12.13 (Cl)    
  37                                                                      
     ##STR41##               132-133                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        80.86 80.78                       
                                           7.92 8.06                      
                                              5.24 5.18                   
                                                  --  --                  
  38                                                                      
     ##STR42##               117-119                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        81.10 80.95                       
                                           8.24 8.35                      
                                              4.98 4.86                   
                                                  --  --                  
  39                                                                      
     ##STR43##               162-163                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        61.46 61.46                       
                                           5.46 5.54                      
                                              4.22 4.23                   
                                                 24.05 (Br) 23.98 (Br)    
  40                                                                      
     ##STR44##               110.5-112                                    
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        76.30 76.11                       
                                           7.47 7.26                      
                                              4.94 4.82                   
                                                  --  --                  
  41                                                                      
     ##STR45##                 150-151.5                                  
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        75.76 75.78                       
                                           7.06 7.18                      
                                              4.91 4.82                   
                                                  --   --                 
  42                                                                      
     ##STR46##               155-156                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        81.10 81.07                       
                                           8.24 8.43                      
                                              4.98 4.99                   
                                                  --  --                  
  43                                                                      
     ##STR47##               125.5-127                                    
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        75.76 75.80                       
                                           7.06 7.28                      
                                              4.91 4.87                   
                                                  --  --                  
  44                                                                      
     ##STR48##                 135-136.5                                  
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        75.76 75.89                       
                                           7.06 7.23                      
                                              4.91 4.95                   
                                                  --  --                  
  45                                                                      
     ##STR49##               178-179                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        58.30 58.27                       
                                           4.89 4.90                      
                                              4.00 3.96                   
                                                 22.81 (Br) 22.91 (Br)    
  46                                                                      
     ##STR50##               143-145                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        63.37 63.54                       
                                           5.32 5.39                      
                                              4.35 4.25                   
                                                 22.00 (Cl) 21.93 (Cl)    
  47                                                                      
     ##STR51##               94-95  Calcd. Found                          
                                        71.63 71.72                       
                                           6.68 6.84                      
                                              4.64 4.60                   
                                                 11.75 (Cl) 11.95 (Cl)    
  48                                                                      
     ##STR52##               134-136                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        71.63 71.47                       
                                           6.68 6.87                      
                                              4.64 4.62                   
                                                 11.75 (Cl)  11.79 (Cl)   
  49                                                                      
     ##STR53##               112-113                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        76.74 76.69                       
                                           7.80 7.95                      
                                              4.71 4.65                   
                                                  --  --                  
  50                                                                      
     ##STR54##                 95-96.5                                    
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        68.03 68.22                       
                                           6.34 6.42                      
                                              4.41 4.32                   
                                                 11.16 (Cl) 11.30 (Cl)    
  51                                                                      
     ##STR55##               111-113                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        76.74 76.72                       
                                           7.80 7.95                      
                                              4.71 4.73                   
                                                  --  --                  
  52                                                                      
     ##STR56##               110.5-111.5                                  
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        81.10 81.32                       
                                           8.24 8.07                      
                                              4.98 5.07                   
                                                  --  --                  
  53                                                                      
     ##STR57##               123-124                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        81.10 80.95                       
                                           8.24 8.41                      
                                              4.98 5.01                   
                                                  --  --                  
  54                                                                      
     ##STR58##               97-99  Calcd. Found                          
                                        75.76 75.76                       
                                           7.06 7.19                      
                                              4.91 4.80                   
                                                  --  --                  
  55                                                                      
     ##STR59##               133-134                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                         71.63 71.72                      
                                           6.68 6.70                      
                                              4.64 4.60                   
                                                 11.75 (Cl) 11.78 (Cl)    
  56                                                                      
     ##STR60##               125-127                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        63.37 63.24                       
                                           5.32 5.41                      
                                              4.35 4.32                   
                                                 22.00 (Cl) 21.91 (Cl)    
  57                                                                      
     ##STR61##               105-106                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        71.63 71.40                       
                                           6.68 6.60                      
                                              4.64 4.60                   
                                                 11.75 (Cl) 11.98 (Cl)    
  58                                                                      
     ##STR62##               139-140                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        63.37 63.38                       
                                           5.32 5.30                      
                                              4.35 4.39                   
                                                 22.00 (Cl) 22.21 (Cl)    
  59                                                                      
     ##STR63##               135.5-136.5                                  
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        71.63 71.48                       
                                           6.68 6.84                      
                                              4.64 4.56                   
                                                 11.75 (Cl) 11.85 (Cl)    
  60                                                                      
     ##STR64##               160-161                                      
                                    Calcd. Found                          
                                        55.68 55.74                       
                                           4.67 4.71                      
                                              3.82 3.87                   
                                                 21.79 (Br)  9.67 (Cl)    
                                                 21.88 (Br)  9.50         
__________________________________________________________________________
                                                 (Cl)                     
 
    
     In the practical usage of the N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives (I), they may be applied as such or in any preparation form such as granules, fine granules, dusts, coarse dusts, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates or oily suspensions. 
     For production of said preparation forms, solid or liquid carriers or diluents may be used. As for the solid carrier or diluent, there may be exemplified mineral powders (e.g. kaolin, bentonite, clay, montmorillonite, talc, diatomaceous earth, mica, vermiculite, gypsum, calcium carbonate, apatite), vegetable powders (e.g. soybean powder, flour, wooden powder, tobacco powder, starch, crystalline cellulose), high molecular weight compounds (e.g. petroleum resin, polyvinyl chloride, dammar gum, ketone resin), alumina, wax and the like. As for the liquid carrier or diluent, there may be exemplified alcohols (e.g. methanol), aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. toluene, benzene, xylene, methylnaphthalene), halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, monochlorobenzene), ethers (e.g. dioxane, tetrahydrofuran), ketones (e.g. acetone, methylethylketone, cyclohexanone), esters (e.g. ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol acetate), acid amides (e.g. dimethylformamide), nitriles (e.g. acetonitrile), ether alcohols (e.g. ethylene glycol ethyl ether), water and the like. 
     A surface active agent used for emulsification, dispersion or spreading may be any of the non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric type of agents. Examples of the surface active agent include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, oxyethylene-oxypropylene polymers, polyoxyethylene alkyl phosphates, fatty acid salts, alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfates, quaternary ammonium salts and the like. But, the surface active agent is not of course limited to these compounds. If necessary, gelatin, casein, sodium alginate, starch, agar, polyvinyl alcohol or the like may be used as an auxiliary agent. 
     In the herbicidal composition of this invention, the content of the N-benzylphenylacetamide derivative (I) may be usually from 0.05 to 95% by weight, preferably from 1 to 50% by weight. 
     Practical ebodiments of the herbicidal composition according to the invention are illustratively shown in the following examples wherein part(s) and % are by weight. 
     Preparation Example 1 
     Twenty-five parts of Compound No. 1, 2.5 parts of a dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 2.5 parts of a ligninsulfonate and 70 parts of diatomaceous earth are well mixed while being powdered to obtain a wettable powder. 
     Preparation Example 2 
     Fifteen parts of Compound No. 4, 10 parts of emulsifier (&#34;Sorpol SM-100&#34; manufactured by Toho Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 75 parts of xylene are well mixed to obtain an emulsifiable concentrate. 
     Preparation Example 3 
     Five parts of Compound No. 10, 1 part of white carbon, 5 parts of a ligninsulfonate and 89 parts of clay are well mixed while being powdered. The mixture is then kneaded with water, granulated and dried to obtain a granule. 
     Preparation Example 4 
     One part of Compound No. 31, 1 part of isopropyl phosphate, 68 parts of clay and 30 parts of talc are well mixed while being powdered to obtain a dust. 
     Preparation Example 5 
     Fourty parts of bentonite, 5 parts of a ligninsulfonate and 55 parts of clay are well mixed while being powdered. The mixture is then well kneaded with water, granulated and dried to obtain a granule containing no active ingredient. Ninety-five parts of the thus obtained granule are then impregnated with 5 parts of Compound No. 1 dissolved in acetone. Subsequent removal of acetone gives a granule. 
     Preparation Example 6 
     Ninety-five parts of bentonite of 16-48 mesh is impregnated with 5 parts of Compound No. 6 dissolved in acetone. Subsequent removal of acetone gives a granule. 
     Preparation Example 7 
     Fifty parts of Compound No. 33, 2.5 parts of a dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 2.5 parts of a ligninsulfonate and 45 parts of diatomaceous earth are well mixed while being powdered to obtain a wettable powder. 
     Preparation Example 8 
     Twenty parts of Compound No. 50, 10 parts of emulsifier (&#34;Sormol SM-100&#34; manufactured by Toho Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 70 parts of dimethylsulfoxide are well mixed to obtain an emulsifiable concentrate. 
     The N-benzylphenylacetamide derivative (I) may be used together with other herbicides to improve their activity as herbicides, and in some cases, to produce a synergistic effect. As the herbicides to be mixed with, there may be given phenoxy series herbicides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyric acid and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (including esters and salts thereof); diphenyl ether series herbicides such as 2,4-dichlorophenyl-4&#39;-nitrophenyl ether, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl-4&#39;-nitrophenyl ether, 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl-3&#39;-ethoxy-4&#39;-nitrophenyl ether, 2,4-dichlorophenyl-4&#39;-nitro-3&#39;-methoxyphenyl ether and 2,4-dichlorophenyl-3&#39;-methoxycarbonyl-4&#39;-nitrophenyl ether; triazine series herbicides such as 2-chloro-4,6-bisethylamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2-methylthio-4,6-bisethylamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2-methylthio-4,6-bisisopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine and 4-amino-6-t-butyl-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5-one; urea series herbicides such as 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea and 1-(2,2-dimethylbenzyl)-3-p-tolylurea; carbamate series herbicides such as isopropyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate and methyl-N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)carbamate; thiolcarbamate series herbicides such as S-(4-chlorobenzyl)-N,N-diethylthiolcarbamate, S-ethyl-N,N-hexamethylenethiolcarbamate and S-ethyl-N,N&#39;-diisobutylthiolcarbamate; acid anilide series herbicides such as 3,4-dichloropropionanilide, N-methoxymethyl-2,6-diethyl-α-chloroacetanilide, 2-chloro-2&#39;,6&#39;-diethyl-N-butoxymethylacetanilide, 2-chloro-2&#39;,6&#39;-diethyl-N-(n-propoxyethyl)acetanilide and N-chloroacetyl-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)glycine ethyl ester; uracil series herbicides such as 5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil and 3-cyclohexyl-5,6-trimethyleneuracil; pyridinium chloride series herbicides such as 1,1&#39;-dimethyl-4,4-bispyridinium chloride; phosphorus series herbicides such as N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine, O-ethyl-O-(2-nitro-5-methylphenyl)-N-sec-butylphosphoroamidothioate, S-(2-methyl-1-piperidylcarbonylmethyl) O,O-di-n-propyldithiophosphate and S-(2-methyl-1-piperidylcarbonylmethyl) O,O-diphenyldithiophosphate; toluidine series herbicides such as α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine; 5-tert-butyl-3-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-2-one; 3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)-3H-one-2,2-dioxide; α-(β-naphthoxy)propionanilide; 4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-1,3-dimethylpyrazol-5-yl-p-toluenesulfonate; 4&#39;-phenylsulfonyl-1,1,1-trifluorosulfono-O-toluidide and the like. But, the herbicides are not limited to these examples. 
     The herbicides of the invention may be applied together with insecticides, nematocides, fungicides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers, etc. 
     When the N-benzylphenylacetamide derivative (I) is used as a herbicide, it may be applied before or aftergermination of weeds in an amount within a wide range. The amount may be usually from about 10 grams to 1 kilogram per 10 ares, preferably from about 25 grams to 500 grams per 10 ares. 
     Some test examples which show the herbicidal activity of the N-benzylphenylacetamide derivatives (I) are shown in the following Examples wherein % is by weight. 
     EXAMPLE I 
     Seeds of large carbgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), seeds of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), tubers of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), seeds of soybean and seeds of cotton were sowed or planted in a 10 cm flower pot and covered with soil. Separately, a required amount of each test compound was formulated into an emulsifiable concentrate and diluted with water. The diluted solution was applied to the soil by means of a hand sprayer, and the thus treated soil was mixed and kept to the depth of 2 cm from the soil surface. Cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse, and the herbicidal activity and phytotoxicity of the test compound were checked 20 days after the application. The test results are shown in Table 2. The herbicidal activity was evaluated in figures ranging from 0 to 5. The phytotoxicity to the crop plants was also indicated on the same standard as that of the herbicidal activity. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
FIGS.    Percentage of growth inhibition (%)                              
______________________________________                                    
0         0- 9                                                            
1        10-29                                                            
2        30-49                                                            
3        50-69                                                            
4        70-89                                                            
5         90-100                                                          
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     
                       TABLE 2                                                     
______________________________________                                    
Dosage                                                                    
(weight)                                                                  
of ac-     Herbicidal activity                                            
Com-  tive in- Large   Common        Phytotoxicity                        
pound gredient,                                                           
               crab-   lambs- Purple Soy-                                 
No.   g/are)   grass   quarters                                           
                              nutsedge                                    
                                     bean Cotton                          
______________________________________                                    
1     80       5       4      5      0    0                               
      40       5       4      5      0    0                               
2     80       5       4      5      0    0                               
      40       4       4      5      0    0                               
4     40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       4      5      0    0                               
5     80       4       5      5      0    0                               
      40       4       4      5      0    0                               
6     40       5       4      5      0    0                               
      20       5       4      5      0    0                               
9     40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       4      5      0    0                               
11    40       5       4      5      0    0                               
      20       5       4      5      0    0                               
12    80       5       4      5      0    0                               
      40       4       4      5      0    0                               
13    80       5       4      5      0    0                               
      40       5       4      5      0    0                               
17    80       5       4      5      0    0                               
      40       5       4      5      0    0                               
18    80       5       5      5      0    0                               
      40       5       4      5      0    0                               
24    160      5       4      5      0    0                               
      80       4       4      5      0    0                               
30    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       4      5      0    0                               
31    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
32    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
33    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
34    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
35    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       4      5      0    0                               
36    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       4       4      5      0    0                               
37    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
38    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       4       4      5      0    0                               
39    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       4       4      5      0    0                               
40    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       4      5      0    0                               
41    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       4       5      5      0    0                               
42    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       4       4      4      0    0                               
43    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      4      0    0                               
44    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
45    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       4       5      4      0    0                               
46    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
47    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
48    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       4       5      5      0    0                               
49    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
50    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
51    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
52    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
53    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       4       4      5      0    0                               
54    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
55    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       4       5      5      0    0                               
56    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       4      5      0    0                               
57    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       4       4      4      0    0                               
58    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
59    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       5       5      5      0    0                               
60    40       5       5      5      0    0                               
      20       4       5      4      0    0                               
A*.sup.1                                                                  
      80       3       3      0      3    2                               
      40       2       1      0      2    1                               
______________________________________                                    
 Note:                                                                    
 *.sup.1 Compound disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,498,781:                   
                                                                          
 ##STR65##                                                                
 
    
     EXAMPLE II 
     A Wagner&#39;s pot of 14 cm in diameter was filled with 1.5 kg of paddy field soil and added with water to make a paddy field condition. Rice seedlings of 3-leaf growth stage were transplanted in the pot, and seeds of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and Scirpus Hotarui, and buds of slender spikerush (Eleocharis aciculalis), which tided over the winter, were further sowed or planted therein. A required amount of each test compound was applied to the soil under a flooded condition. Twenty-five days after the application, the herbicidal activity and phytotoxicity of the test compound were checked on the plants as sowed or planted. The results are shown in Table 3. 
     As to the application, a wettable powder containing a required amount of the test compound was diluted with water and applied in a proportion of 15 ml/pot by means of a pipette. The herbicidal activity was evaluated according to the same criteria as in Example I. 
     With regard to the evaluation of phytotoxicity, the three factors (i.e. height of plant, number of tillers and total weight (dry weight)) were each checked, and a ratio of the treated plot to the untreated plot was calculated for each factor. The phytotoxicity was evaluated based on the lowest value in the three factors, which was classified into the following grades ranging from 0 to 5. 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Grade     Ratio of the untreated plot (%)                                 
______________________________________                                    
0         100                                                             
1         90-99                                                           
2         80-89                                                           
3         60-79                                                           
4         40-59                                                           
5          0-39                                                           
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     
                       TABLE 3                                                     
______________________________________                                    
      Dosage                                                              
      (weight                      Phyto-                                 
Com-  of active Herbicidal activity                                       
                                   toxicity                               
pound ingredient,                                                         
                Barnyard Scirpus                                          
                                Slender                                   
                                       Rice                               
No.   g/are)    grass    Hotarui                                          
                                spikerush                                 
                                       plant                              
______________________________________                                    
1     20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
2     20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
3     40        5        5      5      0                                  
      20        5        4      5      0                                  
4     20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
5     20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
6     20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
7     20        5        4      5      0                                  
      10        5        4      5      0                                  
8     80        4        4      5      0                                  
      40        4        4      4      0                                  
9     20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
10    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        4      5      0                                  
11    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
12    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
13    40        5        5      5      0                                  
      20        5        5      5      0                                  
14    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        4        4      4      0                                  
15    20        5        5      4      0                                  
      10        5        5      4      0                                  
16    80        4        4      4      0                                  
      40        4        4      4      0                                  
17    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
18    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      4      0                                  
19    40        5        5      5      0                                  
      20        5        4      5      0                                  
20    80        4        4      5      0                                  
      40        4        4      4      0                                  
21    80        4        4      4      0                                  
      40        4        4      4      0                                  
22    80        5        4      4      0                                  
      40        4        4      4      0                                  
23    80        4        4      5      0                                  
      40        4        4      4      0                                  
24    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
25    80        5        4      5      0                                  
      40        4        4      5      0                                  
26    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        4      5      0                                  
27    80        5        5      4      0                                  
      40        5        4      4      0                                  
28    80        4        4      5      0                                  
      40        4        4      4      0                                  
29    80        4        4      4      0                                  
      40        4        4      4      0                                  
30    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
31    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
32    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
33    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
34    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
35    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
36    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        4        5      5      0                                  
37    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        4        5      4      0                                  
38    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        4      5      0                                  
39    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        4        4      4      0                                  
40    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        4        4      5      0                                  
41    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        4        5      5      0                                  
42    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
43    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
44    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        4        5      5      0                                  
45    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      4      0                                  
46    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        4      4      0                                  
47    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
48    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        4        4      5      0                                  
49    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        4        4      5      0                                  
50    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
51    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
52    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
53    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        4        4      4      0                                  
54    24        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
55    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
56    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        4        5      5      0                                  
57    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        4      5      0                                  
58    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
59    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        5        5      5      0                                  
60    20        5        5      5      0                                  
      10        4        4      5      0                                  
Un-   --        0        0      0      0                                  
treated                                                                   
______________________________________