Articulated transmission joint including rollers
This application is a continuation, of now abandoned application Ser. No. 276,634, filed June 23, 1981. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to articulated transmission joints including rollers, of the type comprising a male element which has a hub from which extend arms or trunnions on each of which is rotatably and slidably mounted a roller, and a female element which defines runways respectively receiving the rollers, each arm of the male element being provided with a clearance-taking up device which biases the corresponding roller outwardly. Articulated joints of the tripod type are an example of these joints employed in particular in automobile vehicles. 
     It is known that in order to obtain a satisfactory operation of tripod joints, a slight clearance, of for example 0.02 to 0.15 mm, must be provided between the diameter of the runways and the spherical diameter of the rollers so as to avoid any contact between the roller and the runway which is not subjected to the transverse force of the effective torque. Now, this clearance may result in an undesirable tapping when suddenly reversing the torque to be transmitted through the joint. In order to overcome this drawback, various clearance-taking up devices have been proposed. In particular, French patent application N° 79 04113 teaches the use of a spring which biases each roller outwardly, which constitutes a solution which is applicable even when the rollers are journalled on needles and are in one piece. 
     However, although the overall size of the spring is very small, the arrangement of this patent application reduces the thickness of the hub of the tripod element in the region of the spring by an amount which is sufficient to substantially decrease the strength of the joint when it is necessary to adopt a clearance-taking up device on an existing joint for a new application. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide in a simple, reliable and cheap manner a transmisson joint whose clearance taking-up device is powerful and effective but does not reduce the strength of the joint for given dimensions of the latter. 
     According to the invention, there is provided a transmission joint including rollers of the aforementioned type, wherein the clearance-taking up device comprises at least one elastically yieldable means which is operative between means defining a surface rigid with the hub and the inner end of a groove formed in the axially inner annular face of the roller. 
     The elastically yieldable means, which is preferably annular, may comprise a spring having a single coil such as that described in the aforementioned patent application, or a compressible member of elastomer or of expanded plastics material which may be maintained in a U-shaped support which is open toward the roller and is slidable in the cavity of the roller. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     Further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the ensuing description which is given merely by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a transmission joint according to the invention in the unstressed state of the clearance-taking up device; 
     FIG. 2 is a corresponding view, on an enlarged scale, in which the clearance-taking up device is in its fully-compressed state; 
     FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a transmission joint according to a second embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to a part of FIG. 3 in which the clearance-taking up device is in its fully compressed state, and 
     FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 of a transmission joint according to a third embodiment of the invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     Each of the transmission joints partly shown in the drawings in a homokinetic joint of the tripod type. It comprises a male or tripod element 1 and a female or tulip element 2. 
     The tripod element comprises a centre hub 3 which has internal splines 4 for fixing the hub to a shaft (not shown). Radially extending from the outer surface of this hub are three cylindrical arms or trunnions 5 which are spaced angularly 120° apart from each other. One of these arms is shown in the drawings and has an axis designated by X--X in FIG. 1. 
     As can be seen in FIG. 2, the root of each arm 5 is connected to the outer cylindrical surface 6 of the hub 3 by a first radiused portion 7 which extends angularly a little more than 90°, a first surface 8 perpendicular to the axis X--X and tangent to the radiused portion 7, a second radiused portion 9 extending through an angle less than 90°, and a second surface 10 perpendicular to the axis X--X and tangent to the radiused portion 9 and defining with the latter an annular recess 11. 
     Each arm 5 carries a roller 12 which is rotatably and slidably mounted thereon through a ring arrangement of needles 13. These needles are axially retained, on the one hand, by an L-section ring 14 retained by a split ring 15 received in a groove provided adjacent the end of the arm 5, and, on the other hand, by a shaped washer 16 which is thin and adjacent the root of the arm 5. 
     Each roller 12 is defined by its cylindrical inner bore, by two planar faces 17 perpendicular to the axis X--X and by a part-spherical outer surface 18. Provided in the face 17 adjacent the hub 3 is a circular cavity or groove 19 having an axis X--X and a semi-toric inner wall and cylindrical lateral walls. 
     The washer 16 has an S-shape in half section comprising two planar portions 20 and 21 which extend radially of the axis X--X, and a double radiused portion 22 interconnecting the planar portions 20 and 21. The inner portion 20 is applied against the face 8 of the hub 3 and is in confronting relation to the needles 13. The outer portion 21 is offset from the portion 20 in a direction away from the needles 13 and is received in the recess 11. This portion 21 extends radially from a point located roughly in confronting relation to the wall of the bore of the roller 12 to beyond the groove or recess 19 of this roller. 
     The tulip element 2 of the joint comprises three pairs of rolling tracks 23 which define three runways having a part-circular section each of which runways receives a roller 12. In order to avoid any contact, when transmitting torque, between the rollers and the tracks not subjected to the transfer force of the torque, the diameter of the runways is slightly greater (for example by 0.02 to 0.15 mm) than that of the rollers. Further, in order to avoid any tapping noise when suddenly reversing the torque, the joint comprises a clearance-taking up device several embodiments of which will now be described. 
     In FIGS. 1 and 2, the clearance-taking up device 24a comprises a spring having a single coil of metal wire whose diameter is equal to the depth and to the width of the groove 19 and whose overall size, in the compressed state, is equal to this diameter. This spring may be any of those described in the aforementioned French patent application N° 79 04113. It is compressed between the inner end of the groove 19 and the outer portion 21 of the washer 16 so as to permanently bias the roller 12 outwardly of the arm 5. 
     When no torque is being transmitted by the joint, the latter is in the state shown in FIG. 1. Under the effect of the spring 24a, the outer surface 18 of the roller is in contact with the corresponding track by its outer end, the inner face 17 of the roller is spaced from the washer 16, and the spring 24a partly extends out of the groove 16. 
     When transmitting torque, the roller slides slightly toward the hub 3 and becomes centered relative to its track and ceases to contact the track 23 which is not subjected to the load. 
     During operation of the joint, the rollers 12 slide along the arms 5. As can be seen in FIG. 2, their extreme inner position is defined by the contact of their inner face 17 with the outer portion 21 of the washer 16, the spring 24a being then completely pushed into the groove 19. 
     With the arrangement described hereinbefore, the recess 11 required to permit the free sliding of the rollers may without difficulty be sufficiently small to enable the minimum radial thickness a of the hub 3 in this region (FIG. 2) to be greater than its minimum thickness b in the region of the radiused portion 7. As this thickness b is imposed by the position and the support of the inner end of the needles 13, it can be deduced that the presence of the clearance-taking up device does not reduce the strength of the hub of the tripod element. 
     By way of a modification, other elastically yieldable means which can withdraw into the groove 19 of the roller may be used instead of the spring 24a. 
     In FIGS. 3 and 4, there is employed a ring 24b made from a hollow section member of an elastic material such as rubber, expanded polyurethane, etc. This ring must be capable of exerting, as the spring 24a, an axial force F of several kilograms distributed around the periphery of the roller. As the spring 24a, it can completely withdraw into the groove 19 and permit the roller to bear against the shaped washer 16 (FIG. 4). 
     In FIG. 5, there is employed an elastically yieldable ring structure 24c comprising a ring 25 of expanded elastomer having a portion completely filling the groove 19, this ring extending out of the groove 19 in the free state of the ring by a portion having a rectangular section received in a U-shaped ring 26. The web of the U-shaped ring 26 bears against the washer 16 and the branches of the ring 26 slide in the outer portion of the groove 19. As before, the ring structure 24c is fully withdrawn into the groove 19 when the roller comes in contact with the washer 16, as shown in dotted lines in FIG. 5.