Natural wax-containing ink jet inks
This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 331,604, filed Dec. 17, 1981, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,390,369. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to improved ink jet inks, and more particularly to ink jet inks that contain at least one natural wax. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Ink jet inks many times provide marginal print quality. This is so, because water-based ink jet inks are generally incompatible with paper, having poor penetration and drying characteristics with respect to the paper. 
     On the other hand, oil-based inks which are more compatible with paper, have low surface tension and usually provide ink dots which are too large to give good print quality. 
     The present invention seeks to formulate ink jet inks which can provide small, circular dots on many paper media. These small circular dots will produce characters having good edge definition, and contrast, and hence, characters of good print quality. 
     The present invention proposes to use waxes as additives to ink fluids or which themselves serve as base fluid components of ink jet inks. The waxes of this invention are preferrably natural waxes, or combinations thereof. 
     Wax-containing ink jet inks are usually solids or semi-solids at ambient temperature, and therefore, require to be discharged from an ink jet apparatus at elevated temperatures. The heated ink fluid will solidify when it comes in contact with its paper target. The rate of solidification of the wax-containing ink will control the degree of penetration into the paper, usually a small circular dot will result. As a general rule, inks containing wax as a major component thereof, will have less penetration into the paper than inks containing additive amounts of wax. 
     A definition of &#34;waxes&#34; can be found in Industrial Waxes by H. Bennett; Volumes 1 and 2; Chemical Publishing Company, Inc., New York, N.Y. (1975). Bennett defines a wax as &#34;an unctuous solid with varying degrees of gloss, slipperiness and plasticity, which melts readily&#34;. 
     Natural waxes may be of vegetable, animal, or mineral origin. Modified waxes are natural waxes that have been treated chemically to change their nature and properties. Synthetic waxes are made by the reaction or polymerization of chemicals. Compounded waxes are mixtures of various waxes or of waxes with resins or other compounds added thereto. 
     Natural waxes show variations in properties which may be due to soil, climate, age, oxidation, or impurities. Thus, small differences in properties exist for a particular wax. For most industrial uses, these small differences are not critical. 
     There is considerable misunderstanding as to the nature and classification of fats, waxes, gums, and resins. For example cocoa butter, although it is actually a fat, is commonly considered as a wax because of certain characteristic properties. On the other hand, wool wax, derived from lanolin, is technically a wax but, because of its properties, it is usually considered as a fat. Kauri gum is commonly called a wax; and so on. 
     The definition of &#34;natural wax&#34; for purposes of this invention is defined as: A wax or mixture of waxes of natural origin which can be either vegetable, animal or mineral, or which can be a chemically modified derivative thereof, or at least one wax of natural origin in combination with other types of wax or ink ingredients. 
     DISCUSSION OF RELATED ART 
     A hot melt ink for use in an ink jet apparatus is taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,653,932 and 3,715,219, respectively. 
     The major component of the hot melt ink is a didodecyl-sebacate which is a highly viscous, electrically conductive, synthetic substance. 
     As compared with the present invention, the didodecyl-sebacate is a synthetic substance which is generally too viscous to provide good jetability in an impulse ink jet apparatus. 
     In addition, this synthetic hot melt substance does not have the characteristics of natural wax as defined above. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention pertains to an ink jet ink composition comprising at least one natural wax. The wax-containing composition is discharged from an ink jet apparatus at an elevated temperature above ambient. The waxes of this invention are preferrably those waxes defined as &#34;natural waxes&#34;. In this class are found waxes such as: Japan wax, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, etc. 
     The ink composition can contain waxes in an approximate range from 0.5 to 97.0 percentage by weight. The wax may be the basic fluid vehicle of the ink or may be used as an additive to other fluidic vehicles such as fatty acids, and more particularly oleic acid, and oleic acid with benzyl ether, etc. 
     Within the definition of the natural wax of this invention are also included compounded waxes which may include synthetic substances. 
     A coloring agent or dye such as an oil or solvent soluble dye is usually added to the composition for visibility. 
     It is an object of this invention to provide improved ink formulations for use in ink jet apparatuses; 
     It is another object of the invention to provide a natural wax-containing ink for an ink jet, which ink can give a small dot of good circularity; 
     It is a further object of this invention to provide a natural wax-containing ink for use in an ink jet, particularly an impulse ink jet, which ink will provide dots of good print quality. 
     These and other objects of this invention will become more apparent and will be better understood with respect to the following detailed description. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Generally speaking, the invention is for an ink composition containing a natural wax, which composition is to be discharged from an ink jet apparatus at elevated temperatures above ambient. 
     Inks of this type have been found to provide highly repetitive dots of small size and extremely good print quality. Print quality is generally a measure of the circularity of the dot. The present inventive natural waxes provide circularities of 0.7 or better as measured by the technique described in U.S. application Ser. No. 248,551; filed Mar. 27, 1981; now U.S. Pat. No. 4,361,843; which technique is meant to be incorporated herein by way of reference. 
     The ink formulations of this invention find particular applicability in impulse ink jet apparatuses, but not limited thereto. 
     Specific ink formulations which have been found to provide good ink dot circularity are presented in Table I below: 
     
                                           TABLE I                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
            1      2      3      4      5      6                          
__________________________________________________________________________
Oleic Acid  15.8                 67.5   60.0   26.0                       
Benzyl Ether                                                              
            60.0                               60.5                       
Typophor Black                                                            
            24.0                 22.5   20.0                              
Calco Chinoline                                                           
             0.2                                                          
Yellow                                                                    
Candelilla Wax                                                            
            20.5                 10.0   20.0    0.5                       
Japan Wax          97     95                                              
HD Victoria Blue                                0.5                       
Calco Nigrosine Base                           13.0                       
Acetosol Yellow RLSN                            2.5                       
Oil Black BN        3      5                                              
Viscosity    6.7(165° F.)                                          
                   11.8(165° F.)                                   
                          12.3(165° F.)                            
                                 13.4(165° F.)                     
                                        15.7(165° F.)              
                   18.9(57° C.)                                    
                   16.3(65° C.)                                    
                   12.3(74° C.)                                    
__________________________________________________________________________
 
    
     As seen from the above, the disclosed hot melt ink jet ink compositions for use in an impulse ink jet apparatus comprise at least one natural wax selected from the group of waxes consisting of Japan wax, candillia wax, carnauba wax and mixtures thereof, said wax-containing compositions having a maximum viscosity of about 35 centipoise when discharged from said impulse ink jet apparatus at elevated temperatures of between 51° and 82° C. Accordingly, novel hot melt impulse ink jet printing methods are disclosed wherein the aforesaid hot melt impulse ink jet ink is provided and jetted at a temperature within said range of temperatures against a substrate, whereby that composition solidifies to form hot melt print. In accordance with this method the viscosities of said ink are preferably between about 6 and 19 centipoise and the temperature range is between about 65° and 74° C. 
     The above ink formulations provide dots which produce characters approaching and surpassing typewriter quality printing. As such, the above formulations are believed to provide inks which result in the finest print quality in the ink jet art. 
     The above formulations are, however, meant to be only exemplary, and are meant to provide a general teaching and understanding of the invention. 
     What is meant to be protected by way of Letters Patent is presented by the following appended claims.