Method of treating woody material and treated woody material
This invention relates to a novel method of treating a woody material with a mixture or reaction product of a polymeric compound and/or a compound having the ability to form a polymeric compound and a phosphonic acid compound to improve the water resistance, weatherability, rustproofness, water-resistant and solvent-resistant fire retardancy, bug resistance, corrosion resistance and ease of processing of the woody material, and to a woody material so treated. 
     Heretofore, woody materials to be used outdoors or indoors have been treated not only by surface-coating methods such as brush-coating, spray coating, etc. of various paints, but also by methods involving forcing various chemicals into the woody materials under elevated pressure, reduced pressure, or both. But no method had yet been established which imparts excellent water resistance, weatherability, rust-proofness, water-resistant and solvent-resistant fire retardancy, bug resistance, corrosion resistance, and ease of processing, and is economically advantageous. 
     It is an object of this invention to impart these properties to woody materials. 
     According to this invention, this object is achieved by a method which comprises treating a woody material with a treating agent composed of (1) a mixture or reaction product of a polymeric compound and/or a compound having the ability to form a polymeric compound and a phosphonic acid compound, and optionally (2) at least one member selected from the group consisting of silicon-containing inorganic compounds, magnesium-containing inorganic compounds, calcium-containing inorganic compounds, penetrants, film crack preventing agents, formaldehyde-capturing agents, mold releasing agents, acid catalysts, antifoamers, and other fire retardants. 
     The polymeric compound and/or the compound having the ability to form a polymeric compound, as used in this invention, denotes a compound which can form a coated film, and before application to woody materials, such compounds must be either water-soluble, water-dispersible, organic solvent-soluble, or non-dispersible in water. Specific examples of the polymeric compounds are given in (A) to (J) below. These compounds may be used singly or in combination with each other. 
     (A) Triazine-type thermosetting resins 
     A-1. Adducts or condensates of at least one triazine compound such as melamine, benzoguanamine, acetoguanamine, mellon and melam (preferably melamine) and formaldehyde, and alkyl (preferably C 1  -C 4  alkyl) ethers of these compounds. 
     A-2. Adducts or condensates of formaldehyde and mixed amino compounds composed of the triazine compounds (preferably melamine) mentioned in A-1 above and amino compounds such as urea, thiourea, biuret, dicyandiamide, epsilon-caprolactam or guanidine phosphate in which the proportion of the triazine compound is at least 10% by weight, and alkyl (preferably C 1-C   4  alkyl) ethers of these adducts or condensates. 
     A-3. Condensates of formaldedhyde and mixtures of triazine compounds (preferably melamine) and phenol compounds in which the proportion of the triazine compound is at least 5% by weight (preferably at least 10% by weight). 
     (B) Phenolic resins 
     Condensates of phenols such as phenol, resorcinol and cresol and formaldehyde. 
     (C) Xylene resins 
     Condensates of xylenes and formaldehyde. 
     (D) Furfural resin 
     Condensate of furfural and formaldehyde. 
     (E) Aniline resin 
     Condensate of aniline and formaldehyde. 
     (F) Epoxy resins 
     Epoxy resins and mixtures of these with at least one resin selected from polyamide, polyamine and phenolic resins. 
     (G) Polyurethane resins 
     (H) Vinyl resins 
     Polymers of ethylenically unsaturated compounds such as vinyl acetate resin; copolymers of vinyl acetate with acrylic esters, ethylene, unsaturated fatty acids or other polymerizable monomers; vinyl chloride resins; and copolymers of acrylic acid esters and/or methacrylic acid esters and other polymerizable monomers (preferably intramolecularly crosslinked with a difunctional or trifunctional monomer such as diallyl phthalate and having a film-forming temperature of 0° to 30° C.) 
     (I) Unsaturated polyester resins 
     (J) Alkyd resins (preferably those which have an oil length of not more than 40, and can be baked and cured when used together with such amino resins as exemplified in A-1 and A-2 above, or can be cured by the addition of dryers). 
     The compound having the ability to form a polymeric compound, as used herein, denotes a partial condensation product between at least one of the above-exemplified triazine compounds, phenolic compounds, xylenes, furfural and aniline and a formaldehyde compound such as formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde or trioxane. Generally preferred is a partial condensate obtained by reacting 1 mole of the former with 0.1 to 10 moles, particularly 0.1 to 8 moles, of the latter. Such a compound is converted to a polymeric compound by heat-treating it to a temperature of, for example, 30° to 100° C. Specific examples of this compound include (K) precursors of the aforesaid triazine-type thermosetting resins, (L) precursors of the aforesaid phenolic resins, (M) precursors of the aforesaid xylene resins, (N) precursors of the furfural resin and (0) precursors of the aniline resin. 
     Among the above-exemplified polymeric compounds and compounds capable of forming polymeric compounds, compounds (A) and (K) are better than compounds (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), (L), (M), (N) and (O) in regard to economy, water resistance, weatherability, discoloration resistance, and safety against fire. The superiority of the compounds (A) and (K) is also substantiated by the fact that even when they do not require heat treatment, they do not degrade woody materials, and the time of curing them can be easily adjusted depending upon the catalyst used. 
     The compounds (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I) and (J) have their own conditions for producing good results, but in regard to discoloration, offensive odors and economy, the range of application of these compounds is limited as compared with the compounds (A) and (K). 
     The compounds (L), (M) and (N) have broader ranges of composition or properties. In order to achieve the object of this invention effectively, these polymeric compounds desirably have a minimum of the property of softening, liquefying or flowing even at high temperatures. 
     The phosphonic acid compounds used in this invention are organic phosphonic acids and their esters, preferably organic phosphonic acid compounds having at least one functional group selected from an amide group, a methylolamide group, an epoxy group and a hydroxyl group. Examples of such phosphonic acid compounds are shown in (a) to (e) below. 
     (a) Phosphonic acids and their esters such as methyl 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionate, ethyl 3-(dimethylphosphono)-propionate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl 3-(dimethylphosphono)-2-methylpropionate, N,N-diethylaminoethyl 3-(diphenylphosphono)-2-methylpropionate, dimethyl 3-dimethylphosphonosuccinate, dimethyl diphenylphosphonosuccinate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, diphenyl ethylphosphonate, dimethyl phenylphosphonate, diphenyl phenylphosphonate, di(2-chloroethyl)vinyl phosphonate, tetra(2-chloroethyl)ethane-1,2-diphosphonate, 2-(dimethyl phosphono)butane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid-trimethyl ester, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, nitrilotrimethylenephosphonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, ##STR1## 
     (b) Phosphonic acid compounds containing an amide group, such as 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionamide, 3-(diethylphospono)propionamide, 3-(dibutylphosphono)propionamide, 3-(diisopropylphosphono)propionamide, 3-[bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphono]propionamide, 3-(diphenylphosphono)propionamide, 3-[bis(2,3-dichloropropyl)phosphono]propionamide, 3-(diethylphosphono)-2-methylpropionamide, 3-[2,2-dimethyltrimethylenephosphono]propionamide, 3-(1-methyltrimethylenephosphono)propionamide, ##STR2## 
     (c) Phosphonic acid compounds containing an amide group or/and a methylolamide group such as N-methylol-3-(dimethylphosphono)propionamide, N-methylol-3-(diethylphosphono)propionamide, N-methylol-3-(dibutylphosphono)propionamide, N-methylol-3-(diisopropylphosphono)propionamide, N-methylol-3-[bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphono]propionamide, N-methylol-3-(diphenylphosphono)propionamide, N-methylol-3-[bis(2,3-dichloropropyl)phosphono]propionamide, N-methylol-3-(diethylphosphono)-2-methylpropionamide, N-methylol-3-[2,2-dimethyltrimethylenephosphono]propionamide, N-methylol-3-(1-methyltrimethylenephosphono)propionamide, ##STR3## and amide group or/and methylolamide group-containing phosphonic acid compounds obtained by reacting the phosphonic acid amides described in (b) above with formaldehyde or a substance capable of generating formaldehyde. 
     (d) Phosphonic acid compounds containing a hydroxyl group, such as diethyl bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethylphosphonate, (2-hydroxyethyl) 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionate, (2-hydroxyethyl) 3-(diethylphosphono)propionate, (2-hydroxyethyl) 3-(diisopropylphosphono)propionate, (2-hydroxyethyl) 3-(diphenylphosphono)propionate, (2-hydroxyethyl) 3-(diethylphosphono)-2-methylpropionate, (2-hydroxyethyl) 3-(1-methyltrimethylenephosphono)propionate, diethyl 2,3-dihydroxypropylphosphonate, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, ##STR4## 
     (e) Phosphonic acid compounds containing an epoxy group, such as glycidyl 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionate, glycidyl 3-(diethylphosphono)propionate, glycidyl 3-[bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphono]propionate, glycidyl 3-(diethylphosphono)-2-methylpropionate, glycidyl 3 -(1-methyltrimethylenephosphono)propionate, bis-(2-chloroethyl)epoxypropylphosphonate, diethyl epoxypropylphosphonate, ##STR5## 
     Among them, phosphonic acid compounds having at least one functional group selected from an amide group, a methylolamide group, an epoxy group and a hydroxyl group are especially preferred because when used in combination with the triazine-type thermosetting resins (A) and/or the precursors (K) of the triazine-type thermosetting resins, they give excellent water resistance, weatherability, discoloration resistance, and safety against fire and excellent retention of these properties after immersion in water. 
     The mixing or reaction ratio of the polymeric compound and/or the compound having the ability to form a polymeric compound and the phosphonic acid compound is such that the latter (as phosphorus) is used in an amount of at least 0.1 part by weight, preferably at least 1 part by weight, more preferably 2 to 60 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the former (calculated as solids). 
     The treating agent used in this invention is applied in the form of an aqueous solution, an aqueous dispersion, an organic solvent solution or an non-aqueous dispersion. With some kinds of the polymeric compounds, the treating agent can be applied without dilution. The amount of the mixture or reaction product of the polymeric compound and/or the compound having the ability to form a polymeric compound and the phosphonic acid compound in the treating agent is generally from 10 to 90 % by weight, preferably from 20 to 80 % by weight. 
     In order to impart a higher level of fire retarding property to a woody material and to shorten the after flame time greatly or prevent occurrence of after flame, the treating agent of this invention preferably includes at least one of silicon-containing inorganic compounds, magnesium-containing inorganic compounds and calcium-containing inorganic compounds. Specific examples of these compounds include calcium oxide, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium hydroxide, calcium pyrophosphate, calcium metaphosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium sulfide, calcium thiosulfate, calcium tungstate, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate hydroxide, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium nitrate, magnesium sulfide, magnesium aluminum oxide, calcium magnesium carbonate, ammonium magnesium sulfate, potassium magnesium sulfate, sodium magnesium sulfate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium magnesium phosphate, aluminum aluminosilicate, potassium aluminosilicate, calcium aluminum aluminodisilicate, silicon sulfide, zirconium silicate, silicon carbide, calcium silicate, beryllium aluminum silicate, sodium (meta)silicate, barium (meta)silicate, beryllium (meta)silicate, magnesium (meta)silicate, calcium magnesium (meta)silicate, (meta)silicic acid, sodium tetrasilicate, potassium tetrasilicate, silicon dioxide, potassium (meta)silicate, calcium (meta)silicate, dimagnesium monosilicate, and magnesium aluminum oxide. These compounds may be used singly or in combination with each other or with other inorganic compounds. The amount of these inorganic compounds is 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the mixture or reaction product of the polymeric compound and/or the compound having the ability to form a polymeric compound and the phosphonic acid compound. 
     Preferably, a penetrant is included in the treating agent of this invention in order to cause the treating agent to penetrate deeper into a woody material containing much rosin or lipids. Examples of the penetrants include sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of succinic acid ethylene oxide sulfate; sodium, potassium and ammonium dodecylbenzenesulfonates; sodium and potassium salts of lauryl sulfate; 5-8 mole ethylene oxide adducts of alcohols having 8 to 12 carbon atoms; 8-10 mole ethylene oxide/nonyl phenol adducts and nonyl phenol/ethylene oxide and propylene oxide adduct; sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of di-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate, for example AEROSOL OT (a product of Japan Cyanamide Co., Ltd.); anionic or nonionic fluorine-containing surface-active agents such as perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid salts, perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acid salts, perfluoroalkyltrimethylammonium salts, perfluoroalkyl/ethylene oxide adducts, oligomers containing a perfluoroalkyl group and a hydrophilic group, oligomers containing a perfluoroalkyl group and an oleophilic group, urethanes containing a perfluoroalkyl group and an oleophilic group and perfluoroalkylphosphoric acid esters; and anionic or nonionic surface-active agents such as MEGAFAC F-833, MEGAFAC F-812, MEGAFAC F-824, MEGAFAC F-177 and MEGAFAC F-144 (all are products of Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc). Among these penetrants, the salts of di-2-ethylhexyl sulfosucinate and the perfluoroalkyl group-containing surface-active agents are preferred because they increase the penetrability of the treating agent and thereby improve the fire-retardancy or weatherability of a woody material treated. The amount of the penetrant to be incorporated is 0.1 to 10 g, preferably 0.5 to 3 g, per liter of the treating agent. 
     Preferably, a film crack preventing agent exemplified below is added to the treating agent of this invention in an amount of not more than 20 % by weight, preferably 2 to 10 % by weight, based on the solids of the treating agent. Examples of the crack preventing agent are shown in (i) to (iii) below. 
     (i) Thermoplastic polyester resins 
     Products obtained by condensing saturated dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid or their esters with diols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, hexamethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and polyethylene glycol optionally in combination with monocarboxylic acids, monoalcohols, trihydric or higher alcohols or trivalent or higher carboxylic acids. A preferred crack preventing agent is prepared by emulsifying a polyester resin having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 8,000 and containing at least 50 mole %, based on the entire acid component, of a terephthalic acid-type component and/or an isophthalic acid-type component and 5 to 15 % by weight, based on the polymer, of a polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 6,000 as the diol component in water in the presence of a water-soluble organic solvent. These polyester resins are used in the form of an aqueous solution, an aqueous dispersion, an organic solvent solution or a non-aqueous dispersion according to the form of the treating agent. 
     (ii) Acid-curable resins 
     Products obtained by reacting an acrylic monomer such as methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, or decyl (meth)acrylate or a vinyl monomer such as styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, ethylene or propylene with 0.1 to 5 % by weight of an unsaturated carboxylic acid such as (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid or itaconic acid; and oil-free alkyd resins having an acid value of 5 to 20, such as Watersol S-401 and Watersol S-451 (water-soluble oil-free alkyd resins made by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.). These resins are usually used in the form of an aqueous solution, and are suitable when the treating agent is in the form of an aqueous solution containing an acid curing agent to be described below. 
     (iii) Colloidal silica; silica-alumina powder; wood powder; walnut powder; short organic or inorganic fibers having a length of preferably 0.2 to 20 mm, such as nylon fibers, polyester fibers, glass fibers, rockwool and asbestos; iron oxide; titanium oxide; organic disperse pigments such as azo, phthalocyanine and isoindolinone pigments; and aluminum hydroxide. 
     When the polymeric compound or the compound having the ability to form a polymeric compound in the treating agent contains formaldehyde or a compound capable of generating formaldehyde or is synthesized by using formaldehyde or the formaldehyde-yielding compound, it is preferred to add a formaldehyde capturing agent to the treating agent. Examples of the formaldehyde capturing agent are ethyleneurea, epsilon-caprolactam, dicyandiamide, guanidines such as guanidine carbonate, guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine phosphate or guanidine sulfamate, or mixtures of these compounds with a small amount of urea. By adding the formaldehyde capturing agent, the occurrence of free formaldehyde which is uncomfortable and hazardous to the operating personnel can be prevented. For example, by adding a 40% aqueous solution of ethyleneurea as the capturing agent in a proportion of 10 g/liter to the treating agent tending to generate free formaldehyde, the occurrence of up to about 1,200 ppm of formaldehyde can be prevented. The suitable amount of the formaldehyde capturing agent to be added is 1 to 30 g per liter of the treating agent. 
     Preferably, a mold releasing agent is added to the treating agent used in this invention. For example, when about 18 kg (about 40 pounds) of 38 to 40 stacked cedar shakes are immersed in the treating agent containing the mold releasing agent, and withdrawn, and without spreading, a film of the treating agent is allowed to form, the adhesion between the treated shakes can be prevented because of the presence of the mold releasing agent. Application of weak vibration to the cedar shakes at this time is preferred because it aids in preventing the adhesion of the treated shakes. A wax or a silicone (such as dimethylpolysiloxane or dimethylhydrogen polysiloxane) or a mixture of these in the form of an emulsion or solution may be used as such a mold releasing agent. The amount of the mold releasing agent is usually 1 to 10 per liter of the treating agent. 
     When the treating agent is a reactive one, such as a mixture of a triazine-type thermosetting resin and a phosphonic acid compound having a functional group, it is preferred to add an acid catalyst selected from an organic acid, an inorganic acid and their salts, for example acidic phosphoric acid esters which are the reaction products of phosphoric acid, phytic acid or phosphorus pentoxide with a monoalcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a diol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or a triol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms in various mole ratios; p-toluenesulfonic acid and its ammonium salt; ammonium chloride; ammonium nitrate, phosphoric acid; hydrochloric acid; nitric acid; or sulfuric acid. Of these, the acidic phosphoric acid esters and p-toluenesulfonic acid are suitable because they show rapid curability and do not cause cracking or foaming in the resulting film. 
     Since foams may occur in the coated film of the treating agent on a woody material, it is preferred to add an antifoamer to the treating agent. The inclusion of foams in the coated film reduces the weatherability of the film and reduces the fire retarding property of the woody material and also reduces the aesthetic beauty of the woody material. Examples of the antifoamer include lower alcohols such as isopropanol and isobutanol; organic polar compounds such as amyl alcohol, diisobutyl carbitol, tributyl phosphate, oleic acid, tall oil, sorbitan lauric acid monoesters, sorbitan oleic acid triesters, polypropylene glycol and polypropylene glycol derivatives; mineral oils such as NOPCO NDW, NOPCO FOAMASTER 267A and FOAMASTER DF-160L made by Diamond Shamrock Company; and silicones such as ANTIFOAM R-490 made by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc. The amount of the antifoamer is generally 0.01 to 1.0 g per liter of the treating agent. 
     Since the phosphonic acid compound is used in preparing the treating agent used in this invention, the treated woody material can meet the fire retardancy as shakes set forth in Class C of ASTM E-108. To improve the fire retardancy further, it is possible to use other fire retardants. Suitable fire retardants include ammonium polyphosphate, guanidine phosphate, tetrabromobisphnol A, an ethylene oxide adduct of tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclodecane, pentabromomonochlorocyclohexane, 2-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrabromoethane, hexabromobenzene, and hexachloroendomethylene tetrahydrophthalic acid, all in fine powder form. 
     The treating agent in accordance with this invention is applied to a woody material so that usually at least 50 g, preferably 100 to 500 g, of the treating agent is retained in the woody material per m 2  of the woody material. 
     The treating agent of this invention is applied to a woody material by various methods, for example dipping, spraying, brush coating, flow coating, or introducing under pressure. After application, the woody material is left to stand at room temperature or at 50° to 200° C., preferably 100° to 180° C., thereby forming a film of the treating agent on the woody material. 
     The woody material to be treated by the method of this invention includes almost all timbers, plywoods, laminated wood, etc. from cedar, pine tree, Japanese cypress, lauan, beech, oak, etc. These woody materials treated by the method of this invention can be widely used as materials for walls, ceilings, roofs, floors, pillars, shelves, furniture, vehicles, ships, etc. Alternatively, buildings, furniture, vehicles, ships, etc. which have already been built may be treated by the method of this invention. 
    
    
     The following Examples and Comparative Examples illustrate the present invention more specifically. All parts and percentages in these examples are by weight. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Melamine (252 parts) and 486 parts of 37.2% formalin were reacted at a pH of 10.3. Then, the pH was reduced to 4.0, and 384 parts of methanol was added to etherify the reaction product. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 700 parts (yield about 95 %) of a water-soluble trimethylated methylolmelamine resin having a solids concentration of 70%. 
     The resulting melamine resin (500 parts), 250 parts of a 70% aqueous solution of 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionamide, 10 parts of ammonium chloride as a curing catalyst and 3 parts of sodium salt of succinic acid ethylene oxide sulfate as a penetrant were added to 237 parts of water to prepare 1,000 g of a treating liquid. 
     The treating liquid was brush-coated on the surface of a cedar plate (made in U.S.; size 15 cm×30 cm×1 cm) at a rate of 250 parts/m 2  as solids content, and left to stand at 25° C. for 48 hours to dry and cure it. 
     The various properties measured are shown in Table 1. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Example 1 was repeated except that 250 parts of a 70% aqueous solution of N-methylol-3-(dimethylphosphono)propionamide was used instead of 250 parts of the 70% aqueous solution of 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionamide. 
     The various properties measured are shown in Table 1. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Melamine (63 parts), 180 parts of urea and 629 parts of 37.2% formalin were reacted at a pH of 10.3. The reaction mixture was dehydrated under reduced pressure to give about 640 parts (yield about 96%) of a melamine urea cocondensate resin having an involatile content of 70 %. 
     Four hundred parts of the resulting cocondensate resin, 250 parts of a 70% aqueous solution of N-methylol-3-(dimethylphosphono)propionamide, 25 parts of ammonium chloride and 3 parts of a sodium salt of succinic acid ethylene oxide sulfate were added to 322 parts of water to prepare a 1,000 parts of a treating liquid. 
     Using the resulting treated liquid, the same test as in Example 1 was carried out. The various properties measured are shown in Table 1. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Example 1 was repeated except that 230 parts of glycidyl 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionate was used instead of 250 parts of the 70% aqueous solution of 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionamide. 
     The various properties measured are shown in Table 1. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     Example 1 was repeated except that 165 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionate was used instead of 250 parts of the 70% aqueous solution of 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionamide. 
     The various properties measured are shown in Table 1. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     Example 1 was repeated except that 210 parts of dimethyl (dimethylphosphono)succinate was used instead of 250 parts of the 70% aqueous solution of 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionamide. 
     The various properties measured are shown in Table 1. 
     COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 
     Example 1 was repeated except that 525 parts of a 40% aqueous solution of diammonium phosphate was used instead of 250 parts of the 70% aqueous solution of 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionamide. 
     The various properties measured are shown in Table 1. 
     
                                           TABLE 1                                 
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                                                      Comparative         
Example   1      2       3      4      5       6      Example             
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                                                      1                   
Time which elapsed                                                        
          14     13      13     7      12      16     1                   
until the treating                                                        
liquid became                                                             
whitely turbid                                                            
(hours)                                                                   
Rustproofness of                                                          
          Small  Small   Small  Small  Small   Small  Large               
an iron nail                                                              
(*1)                                                                      
Appearance of the                                                         
          Transparent                                                     
                 Transparent                                              
                         Transparent                                      
                                Transparent                               
                                       Transparent                        
                                               Transparent                
                                                      Semi-transparent    
treated timber                                                            
Hardness of the                                                           
          Hard   Hard    Hard   Hard   Hard    Hard and                   
                                                      Hard and brittle    
film formed                                    slightly                   
                                               brittle                    
Light resistance                                                          
          No dis-                                                         
                 No dis- No dis-                                          
                                No dis-                                   
                                       No dis- No dis-                    
                                                      No dis-             
(*2)      coloration                                                      
                 coloration                                               
                         coloration                                       
                                coloration                                
                                       coloration                         
                                               coloration                 
                                                      coloration          
Fire retardancy                                                           
          7      7       8      6      6       6      7                   
(*3)                                                                      
Fire retardancy                                                           
          7      7       8      6      6       6      0                   
after immersion                                       (caught fire)       
in water (*4)                                                             
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 Note to Table 1                                                          
 (*1): A commercial iron nail was coated with the treating liquid and afte
 allowing it to stand in an atmosphere kept at 40°  C. and 95% RH  
 for 7 days, the condition of rust formation in the nail was visually     
 observed.                                                                
 (*2): The treated timber was exposed to a fadeometer for 200 hours, and  
 observed for the occurrence of discoloration.                            
 (*3): The treated timber was maintained at an angle of 30 degrees to the 
 horizontal, and by using a propane gas (mixed with aid) burner, a flame  
 whose length was adjusted to 20 cm and whose top temperature was adjusted
 to 950 ±50° C. was conta cted at its tip with the surface of th
 treated timber for 2 minutes. Then, the flame was removed. This operation
 was repeated until the sample caught fire, and the number of the         
 operations required was recorded.                                        
 (*4): The treated timber was immersed in a large quantity of water at    
 20° C. so that the treated surface was submerged under water. It  
 was withdrawn 48 hours later, and forcibly dried at 110° C. for 4 
 hours. Its fire retardancy was examined by the same procedure as in (*3) 
 above.                                                                   
 
    
     EXAMPLES 7 to 12 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 
     A timber sample having the same size and being of the same material was immersed for 1 hour in each of the treating liquids used in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1, withdrawn and then dried at 110° C. for 4 hours, and further heat-treated at 160° C. for 5 minutes. The various properties measured are shown in Table 2. 
     In the above procedure, the treating liquid of Example 1 was used in Example 7; the treating liquid of Example 2, in Example 8; the treating liquid of Example 3, in Example 9, the treating liquid of Example 4, in Example 10; the treating liquid of Example 5, in Example 11; the treating liquid of Example 6, in Example 12; and the treating liquid of Comparative Example 1, in Comparative Example 2. 
     
                       TABLE 2                                                     
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                                           Compar-                        
                                           ative                          
Example        7     8     9   10  11  12  Example 2                      
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Occurrence of a foamed                                                    
               No    No    No  No  No  No  Yes                            
layer (*1)                                                                
Moisture absorption ratio                                                 
               2.3   2.5   3.0 2.6 3.2 3.8 4.8                            
(*2)                                                                      
Discoloration of the                                                      
               No    No    No  No  No  No  No                             
treated timber                                                            
Ant resistance of the                                                     
               3.2   3.6   4.8 5.6 6.2 5.2 10.3                           
treated timber by the                                                     
ratio of decrease                                                         
of its mass (%) (*5)                                                      
Fire retardancy (*3)                                                      
               10    10    12  9   9   8   7                              
Fire retardancy after                                                     
               10    10    12  9   9   8   0                              
immersion in water (*4)                    (caught                        
                                           fire)                          
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 Notes to Table 2                                                         
 (*1): In Examples 7 to 12, the treating liquid penetrated uniformly into 
 the inside of the timber and the surface layer became hard. But in       
 Comparative Example 2, the resin foamed to a considerable extent and a   
 brittle resin layer formed on the surfac e.                              
 (*2): The timber was dried at 107° C. for 2 hours to maintain it i
 an absolutely dry state, and then allowed to absorb moisture in an       
 atmosphere kept at 20° C. and 95% RH for 48 hours. The ratio of it
 moisture absorption was then measured.  The ratio of moisture absorption 
 of the untreated timber was assumed to be 9.2%.                          
 (*3): Same as (*3) of the footnote to Table 1.                           
 (*4): Same as (*4) of the footnote to Table 1.                           
 (*5): The ratio of decrease of the mass of the treated timber was measure
 on the basis of Standard No. 11 of Japan Wood Preserving Association.    
 
    
     EXAMPLE 13 
     Resorcinol (220 parts), 80.6 parts of 37.2% formalin and 110 parts of water were reacted at 80° C. for 3 hours. One hundred parts of the resulting 60% aqueous solution of a resorcinol resin was mixed with 3 parts of a curing catalyst complosed mainly of paraformaldehyde and 10 parts of glycidyl 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionate to prepare a treating liquid. The treating liquid was brush-coated on a hard beech-tree plate having a thickness of 2 cm for use in high-grade furniture at a rate of 200 g/m 2  as solids, and dried at room temperature in an atmosphere kept at 30° C. and 70% RH. About 100 minutes later, the surface became non-tacky, and in about 12 hours, curing completely ended. 
     The coated plate showed a beautiful reddish brown color, and the coated film showed strong resistance to scratching or impact. When this coated plate was subjected to a fire retarding test by the method of (*3) in Table 1, it did not catch fire until the contacting of the flame was repeated 10 times. When it was immersed in water and dried by the method of (*4) in Table 4, its appearance did not at all change, and it did not catch fire until the contacting of the flame was repeated thereafter 10 times. 
     EXAMPLE 14 
     A treating liquid was prepared by mixing 100 parts of &#34;POLYLITE NA-281&#34;, a product of Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc. which is a Het acid-type unsaturated polyester having a limit oxygen index (L.O.I.) of 30, 1 part of 55% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide as a catalyst and 10 parts of dimethyl (dimethylphoshono)succinate. The treating agent was coated on a thin lauan plate having a thickness of 5 mm at a rate of 150 parts/m 2  as solids, and cured at room temperature. 
     The properties of the coated plate are shown in Table 3. 
     COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3 
     Example 14 was repeated except that the treating liquid did not contain dimethyl (dimethylphosphono)succinate. 
     The properties of the coated plate are shown in Table 3. 
     
                       TABLE 3                                                     
______________________________________                                    
                       Comparative                                        
               Example 14                                                 
                       Example 3                                          
______________________________________                                    
Limit oxygen index of                                                     
                 42        30                                             
the cured resin                                                           
Fire retardancy (*1)                                                      
                 39        Totally burnt                                  
Fire retardancy after                                                     
                 55        Totally burnt                                  
immersion in water (*2)                                                   
______________________________________                                    
 (*1): The carbonized area (cm.sup.2) was measured in accordance with the 
 45° Meker burner method and JIS L1091A-2 method.                  
 (*2): The treated plate was immersed in water at 20° C. for 48    
 hours, and dried at 110° C. for 5 hours. Furthermore, the treated 
 plate was left to stand at room temperature for 1 hour, and the fire     
 retardancy of the plate was measured by the method of (*1) above.        
 
    
     (*1): The carbonized area (cm 2 ) was measured in accordance with the 45° Meker burner method and JIS L-1091A-2 method. 
     (*2): The treated plate was immersed in water at 20° C. for 48 hours, and dried at 110° C. for 5 hours. Furthermore, the treated plate was left to stand at room temperature for 1 hour, and the fire retardancy of the plate was measured by the method of (*1) above. 
     EXAMPLE 15 
     A treating liquid was prepared by mixing 85 parts of an emulsion in an nonvolatile content concentration of 50% of an anionic copolymer of methyl methacrylate/2-ethylhexyl methacrylate/vinylsilane in a weight ratio of 65/30/5 having a film-forming temperature (M. F. T.) of 26° C., 15 parts of 70% aqueous solution of N-methylol 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionamide, 10 parts of the same melamine resin as used in Example 1 and 0.3 part of ammonium nitrate. The resulting treating liquid was sprayed by an airless spray onto a cedar shake made in U.S. at a rate of 200 g/m 2  as solids, dried at room temperature, and then aged at room temperature for 7 days. 
     The product was subjected to a fire reardancy test in accordance with the testing method of ASTM E 108-80a. It was accepted by the test of class C. After it was subjected to a rain test in the same testing standard to examine its resistance to rain water, it retained a fire retardancy of class C. 
     EXAMPLE 16 
     A treating liquid was prepared by mixing 90 parts of a water-soluble polyether urethane type resin (HYDRAN 312B, made by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.) having an involatile content of 40%, 10 parts of the same melamine resin as used in Example 1, 12 parts of (2-hydroxyethyl) 3-(diisopropylphosphono)propionate and 0.3 part of ammonium nitrate. The treating liquid was sprayed onto a cedar shingle made in U.S. by an airless spray at a rate of 200 g/m 2  as solids, dried at room temperature, and aged at room temperature for 7 days. 
     The product was subjected to the same fire retardancy test as in Example 15. It was found acceptable in class C, and retained a fire retardancy of class C even after it was subjected to the rain test. 
     EXAMPLE 17 
     A treating liquid was prepared by mixing 80 parts of a aminoalkyd resin (&#34;Beckosol M-7652&#34;, for use in timbers, a product of Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co., Ltd.) having an nonvolatile content of 55%, 12 parts of dimethyl bis(2-chloroethylphosphono)succinate, 2 parts of toluene, 2 parts of butanol and 4 parts of para-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The treating liquid was brush-coated on the surface of a plywood for interior finishing having a thickness of 4 mm at a rate of 250 g/m 2  as solids. 
     At 20° C., the finger touch curing time was 2 minutes, and the curing time was 25 minutes. The product had a pencil hardness of B 2 hours later, F 6 hours later, and H 24 hours later. The coated film was transparent and had a high level of gloss. Even when the coated film was immersed in water for 3 hours, its appearance did not change. It had excellent resistance to alkalies and solvent, and showed good results in a soiling test using marking pens, lipsticks, etc. Furthermore, when this coated film was placed in saturated steam at 60° and 80° C. for 48 hours, the reduction of hardness or gloss was at a very low level. 
     When this coated plywood was subjected to the same fire retarding test as in Example 1, it did not catch fire until the specified operation was repeated twice. 
     Example 18 
     Phenol (188 parts), 252 parts of melamine and 1,613 parts of 37.2% formalin were co-condensed at a reaction temperature of 70° C. and a pH of 10.0 to 10.7 for 6 hours, and dehydrated to give 2,060 parts (yield 94%) of a phenol/melamine cocondensation resin having an nonvolatile content of 47.5%. 
     To 100 parts of the resulting resin were added 18 parts of glycidyl 3-(diphenylphosphono)propionate and 82 parts of water. The same cedar shake as used in Example 15 was immersed in the resulting treating liquid for 1 hour, withdrawn, dried at 110° C. for 2 hours, and heat-treated at 160° C. for 5 minutes. 
     The resulting treated shake was exposed outdoors for one year in Bangkok, Thailand. The decrease of the quality of its appearance, and its corrosion were much smaller than in an untreated shake. The moisture absorption of the treated shake decreased to 2.3% (the untreated shake had a moisture absorption of 10.2%). Furthermore, the corrosion of an iron nail hammered into the treated shake was much smaller than in the case of not adding glydicyl 3-(diphenylphosphono)propionate. The treated shake was accepted in class B in a fire prevention test conducted in accordance with ASTM E-108 80a. It was still acceptable in class B even after it had been subjected to the rain test. 
     EXAMPLE 19 
     A treating liquid was prepared by mixing 60 parts of a furfural resin having a nonvolatile content of 100%, 8 parts of diphenylphosphonosuccinic diamide, 1 part of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a curing catalyst and 31 parts of water. The treating agent was coated on a cherry tree plate for high-grade furniture having a thickness of 1 cm at a rate of 180 g/m 2  as solids, and left to stand at room temperature for 3 days to cure it. The surface of the treated plate had formed therein a tough film having large impact strength and a pencil hardness of H. 
     The coated plate showed water-resistant fire retardancy, and did not catch fire even when a flame of a gas burner at 950° C. was applied to it immediately below it for 4 minutes. 
     EXAMPLE 20 
     A treating liquid was prepared by mixing 60 parts of a water-soluble resol-type phenolic resin having an involatile content of 60%, 12 parts of glycidyl 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionate and 128 parts of water. A lauan plywood having a thickness of 10 mm was immersed in the treating liquid, dried at 110° C., and heat-treated at 160° C. for 3 minutes. 
     The treated plywood had much improved strength, water resistance and corrosion resistance, and showed its suitability as a packing material for precision machines. 
     EXAMPLE 21 
     A treating liquid (solids content 42.8%) was prepared by mixing 300 parts of an epoxy resin [Epiclon 153-60T, a product of Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc., an epoxy equivalent of 390 to 410 based on the solids content, a Br content of 46% based on the solids content, solids content 60%], 140 parts of an epoxy curing agent composed mainly of an aliphatic polyamide [Epiclon B-3150, a product of the aforesaid company, an amine value of 150 (based on the solids content), an acid value of not more than 3, a solids content of 70%], 50 parts of reactive glycidyl 3-(dimethylphosphono)propionate, 100 parts of non-reactive dimethyl bis(2-chloroethylphosphono)succinate and 350 parts of toluene. The treating liquid was brush-coated on the same plate as used on Example 1 at a rate of 260 g/m 2  as solids content, and cured at room temperature for 3 days. 
     The properties of the coated plate are shown in Table 4. 
     COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4 
     A plate of the same quality as in Example 21 was coated in the same way as in Example 21 except that a treating agent (solids content 42.8 parts) composed of 486.3 parts of Epiclon 153-60T, 194.6 parts of Epiclon B-3150 and 319.7 parts of toluene was used. 
     The properties of the coated plate are shown in Table 4. 
     
                       TABLE 4                                                     
______________________________________                                    
                       Comparative                                        
               Example 21                                                 
                       Example 4                                          
______________________________________                                    
Fire retardancy (*1)                                                      
                 35        Totally                                        
                           burnt                                          
Fire retardancy after                                                     
                 48        Totally                                        
immersion in water (*2)    burnt                                          
______________________________________                                    
 (*1): Same as (*1) in Table 3.                                           
 (*2): Same as (*2) in Table 3.                                           
 
    
     EXAMPLES 22 to 54 
     In each run, a treating agent composed of the components shown in Table 5 was coated in a cedar plate made in U.S. in the same way as in Example 1. 
     The properties of the treated plates are shown in Table 6. 
     The testing methods for the properties shown in Table 6 are the same as in Table 1 unless otherwise specified. 
     
                                           TABLE 5                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
   Polymeric compound      Si--, Mg-- or                                  
   and/or compound         Ca--containing                                 
Ex-                                                                       
   having the ability to   inorganic      Film crack     Other            
am-                                                                       
   form a polymeric com-                                                  
               Phosphonic acid                                            
                           compound                                       
                                   Penetrants                             
                                          preventing                      
                                                 Catalyst                 
                                                         additives        
ple                                                                       
   pound (parts)                                                          
               compound (parts)                                           
                           (parts) (parts)                                
                                          agent (parts)                   
                                                 (parts) (parts)          
__________________________________________________________________________
22 Melamine resin of                                                      
               70% aqueous solution                                       
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   Sodium --     Ammonium                 
                                                         Water            
   Example 1 (500)                                                        
               of 3-(dimethylphos-                                        
                           of magnesium                                   
                                   salt of       chloride                 
                                                         (187)            
               phono)propionamide                                         
                           silicate (50)                                  
                                   succinic      (10)                     
               (250)               acid                                   
                                   ethylene                               
                                   oxide                                  
                                   sulfate                                
                                   (3)                                    
23 Melamine resin of                                                      
               70% aqueous solution                                       
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   Sodium --     Ammonium                 
                                                         Water            
   Example 1 (500)                                                        
               of N--methylol-3-                                          
                           of magnesium                                   
                                   salt of       chloride                 
                                                         (230)            
               (dimethylphosphono)-                                       
                           silicate (50)                                  
                                   succinic      (10)                     
               propionamide (250)  acid                                   
                                   ethylene                               
                                   oxide                                  
                                   sulfate                                
                                   (3)                                    
24 Melamine-urea cocon-                                                   
               70% aqueous solution                                       
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   Sodium --     Ammonium                 
                                                         Water            
   densate resin of Example                                               
               of N--methylol-3-                                          
                           of silicon                                     
                                   salt of       chloride                 
                                                         (272)            
   3 (400)     (dimethylphosphono)-                                       
                           dioxide (50)                                   
                                   succinic      (25)                     
               propionamide (250)  acid                                   
                                   ethylene                               
                                   oxide                                  
                                   sulfate                                
                                   (3)                                    
25 Melamine resin of                                                      
               Glycidyl 3-(dimethyl-                                      
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   Sodium --     Ammonium                 
                                                         Water            
   Example 1 (500)                                                        
               phosphono)propionate                                       
                           of magnesium                                   
                                   salt of       chloride                 
                                                         (210)            
               (230)       silicate                                       
                                   succinic      (10)                     
                           (50)    acid                                   
                                   ethylene                               
                                   oxide                                  
                                   sulfate                                
                                   (3)                                    
26 Melamine resin of                                                      
               Dimethyl dimethylphos-                                     
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   Sodium --     Ammonium                 
                                                         Water            
   Example 1 (500)                                                        
               phonosuccinate (210)                                       
                           of calcium                                     
                                   salt of       chloride                 
                                                         (177)            
                           sulfate/                                       
                                   succinic      (10)                     
                           magnesium                                      
                                   acid                                   
                           metasilicate                                   
                                   ethylene                               
                           (weight ratio                                  
                                   oxide                                  
                           20/80) (100)                                   
                                   sulfate                                
                                   (3)                                    
27 Melamine resin of                                                      
               70% aqueous solution                                       
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   Sodium --     Ammonium                 
                                                         Water            
   Example 1 (500)                                                        
               of 3-(dimethylphos-                                        
                           of silicon                                     
                                   salt of       chloride                 
                                                         (157)            
               phono)propionamide                                         
                           dioxide/                                       
                                   succinic      (10)                     
               (250)       magnesium                                      
                                   acid                                   
                           aluminum                                       
                                   ethylene                               
                           oxide (weight                                  
                                   oxide                                  
                           ratio 50/50)                                   
                                   sulfate                                
                           (80)    (3)                                    
28 Melamine resin of                                                      
               70% aqueous solution                                       
                           Magnesium                                      
                                   Sodium --     Ammonium                 
                                                         Water            
   Example 1 (500)                                                        
               of 3-(dimethylphos-                                        
                           hydroxide                                      
                                   salt of       chloride                 
                                                         (137)            
               phono)propionamide                                         
                           (100)   succinic      (10)                     
               (250)               acid                                   
                                   ethylene                               
                                   oxide                                  
                                   sulfate                                
                                   (3)                                    
29 Melamine resin of                                                      
               70% aqueous solution                                       
                           Calcium Sodium --     Ammonium                 
                                                         Water            
   Example 1 (500)                                                        
               of 3-(dimethylphos-                                        
                           sulfate (90)                                   
                                   salt of       chloride                 
                                                         (147)            
               phono)propionamide  succinic      (10)                     
               (250)               acid                                   
                                   ethylene                               
                                   oxide                                  
                                   sulfate                                
                                   (3)                                    
30 Melamine resin of                                                      
               70% aqueous solution                                       
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   Sodium --     Ammonium                 
                                                         Water            
   Example 1 (500)                                                        
               of 3-(dimethylphos-                                        
                           of calcium                                     
                                   salt of       chloride                 
                                                         (187)            
               phono)propionamide                                         
                           silicate/                                      
                                   succinic      (10)                     
               (250)       aluminum                                       
                                   acid                                   
                           hydroxide                                      
                                   ethylene                               
                           (weight ratio                                  
                                   oxide                                  
                           60/40) (50)                                    
                                   sulfate                                
                                   (3)                                    
31 Melamine-urea cocon-                                                   
               70% aqueous solution                                       
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   Sodium --     Ammonium                 
                                                         Water            
   densate resin of Example                                               
               of 3-(dimethylphos-                                        
                           of calcium                                     
                                   salt of       chloride                 
                                                         (242)            
   3 (400)     phono)propionamide                                         
                           sulfate/                                       
                                   succinic      (25)                     
               (250)       aluminum                                       
                                   acid                                   
                           silicate                                       
                                   ethylene                               
                           (weight ratio                                  
                                   oxide                                  
                           50/50) (80)                                    
                                   sulfate                                
                                   (3)                                    
32 60% aqueous solution of                                                
               Glycidyl 3- Fine powder                                    
                                   --     --     Para-   --               
   resorcinol resin of                                                    
               (dimethylphosphono-                                        
                           of calcium            form                     
   Example 12 (100)                                                       
               propionate (10)                                            
                           aluminum              aldehyde                 
                           silicate              (3)                      
                           (80)                                           
                           oxide (weight                                  
                           ratio 50/50)                                   
                           (80)                                           
33 Unsaturated polyester                                                  
               Dimethyl dimethyl-                                         
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   --     --     55% MEKPO                
                                                         --               
   resin of Example 13 (100)                                              
               phosphonosuccinate                                         
                           of zirconium          (*1) (1)                 
               (20)        metasilicate/         6% cobalt                
                           calcium oxide         naphthe-                 
                           (weight ratio         nate                     
                           60/40) (8)            (0.5)                    
34 Anionic copolymer emul-                                                
               Polyphosphonate-type                                       
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   --     --     --      --               
   sion of Example 14 (70)                                                
               emulsion of Example                                        
                           of aluminum                                    
               14 (30)     hydroxide/                                     
                           calcium                                        
                           metasilicate                                   
                           (weight ratio                                  
                           50/50) (10)                                    
35 Water-soluble polyether                                                
               2-hydroxyethyl 3-(di-                                      
                           Sodium  --     --     Ammonium                 
                                                         --               
   urethane resin of                                                      
               isopropylphosphono)-                                       
                           silicate (5)          chloride                 
   Example 15 (60) and                                                    
               propionate (14)                   (1)                      
   Melamine resin of                                                      
   Example 1 (20)                                                         
36 Aminoalkyd resin of                                                    
               Dimethyl bis-(2-chloro-                                    
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   --     --     p-      Toluene (2)      
   Example 16 (70)                                                        
               ethylphosphono)-                                           
                           of dimagne-           Toluene-                 
                                                         Butanol (2)      
               succinate (12)                                             
                           sium mono-            sulfonic                 
                           silicate (10)         acid (4)                 
37 Phenol/melamine cocon-                                                 
               Glycidyl 3-(diphenyl-                                      
                           Sodium  --     --     --      Water            
   densate resin of Example                                               
               phosphono)propionate                                       
                           silicate (10)                 (72)             
   17 (100)    (18)                                                       
38 Furfural resin of                                                      
               Diphenylphosphono-                                         
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   --     --     p-      Water            
   Example 18  succinic acid diamine                                      
                           of magnesium          Toluene-                 
                                                         (21)             
               (8)         silicate/             sulfonic                 
                           aluminum              acid (1)                 
                           oxide (weight                                  
                           ratio 40/60)                                   
                           (10)                                           
39 Water-soluble resol-type                                               
               Glycidyl 3-(dimethyl-                                      
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   --     --     --      Water            
   phenolic resin of                                                      
               phosphono)propionate                                       
                           of magnesium                  (20)             
   Example 19 (60)                                                        
               (12)        hydroxide                                      
                           (20)                                           
40 Epoxy resin of Example                                                 
               Glycidyl 3-(dimethyl-                                      
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   --     --     --      Toluene          
   20 (300) and epoxy                                                     
               phosphono)propionate                                       
                           of potassium                  (380)            
   curing agent of Example                                                
               (50)        aluminum                                       
   20 (140)    Dimethyl bis-(2-                                           
                           silicate                                       
               chloroethylphosphono)-                                     
                           (15)                                           
               succinate (100)                                            
41 Melamine resin of                                                      
               70% aqueous solution                                       
                           --      MEGAFAC                                
                                          --     p-      Water            
   Example 1 (500)                                                        
               of 3-(dimethylphos- F-833         Toluene-                 
                                                         (220)            
               phono)propionamide  (*2) (10)     sulfonic                 
               (250)                             acid (10)                
42 Melamine resin of                                                      
               70% aqueous solution                                       
                           --      MEGAFAC                                
                                          --     p-      Water            
   Example 1 (500)                                                        
               of N--methylol-3-   F-833         Toluene-                 
                                                         (230)            
               (dimethylphosphono)-                                       
                                   (*2) (10)     sulfonic                 
               propionamide (250)         acid (10)                       
43 Melamine-urea cocon-                                                   
               70% aqueous solution                                       
                           --      MEGAFAC                                
                                          --     p-      Water            
   densate resin of Example                                               
               of N--methylol-3-(di-                                      
                                   F-833         Toluene-                 
                                                         (330)            
   13 (250)    methylphosphono)-   (*2) (10)     sulfonic                 
               propionamide (250)         acid (10)                       
44 Same as in Example 41                                                  
               Same as in Example 41                                      
                           --      Sodium --     p-      Water            
                                   salt of       Toluene-                 
                                                         (227)            
                                   di(2-         sulfonic                 
                                   ethyl-        acid (10)                
                                   hexyl)                                 
                                   sulfosuc-                              
                                   cinate (3)                             
45   &#34;         Glycidyl 3-(dimethyl-                                      
                           --      MEGAFAC                                
                                          --     p-      Water            
               phosphono)propionate                                       
                                   F-833         Toluene-                 
                                                         (204)            
               (276)               (10)          sulfonic                 
                                                 acid (10)                
46   &#34;         2-Hydroxyethyl 3-(di-                                      
                           --      MEGAFAC                                
                                          --     p-      Water            
               methylphosphono)-   F-833         Toluene-                 
                                                         (315)            
               propionate (165)    (10)          sulfonic                 
                                                 acid (10)                
47   &#34;         Same as in Example 41                                      
                           --      MEGAFAC                                
                                          Aqueous dis-                    
                                                 p-      Water            
                                   F-833  persion of                      
                                                 Toluene-                 
                                                         (160)            
                                   (10)   polyester                       
                                                 sulfonic                 
                                          resin (*3)                      
                                                 acid (10)                
                                          (70)                            
48   &#34;           &#34;         --      MEGAFAC                                
                                          Walnut p-      Water            
                                   F-833  powder Toluene-                 
                                                         (210)            
                                   (10)   (*4) (20)                       
                                                 sulfonic                 
                                                 acid (10)                
49   &#34;           &#34;         --      MEGAFAC                                
                                          Colloidal                       
                                                 p-      Water            
                                   F-833  silica (*5)                     
                                                 Toluene-                 
                                                         (180)            
                                   (10)   (50)   sulfonic                 
                                                 acid (10)                
50   &#34;         Same as in Example 42                                      
                           --      MEGAFAC                                
                                          --     p-      Anti-            
                                   F-833         Toluene-                 
                                                         foamer           
                                   (10)          sulfonic                 
                                                         (*6) (0.5)       
                                                 acid (10)                
                                                         Water            
                                                         (229.5)          
51   &#34;           &#34;         --      MEGAFAC                                
                                          Water-soluble                   
                                                 p-      Water            
                                   F-833  acid-curable                    
                                                 Toluene-                 
                                                         (230)            
                                   (10)   acrylic resin                   
                                                 sulfonic                 
                                          (*6)   acid (10)                
                                          (50)                            
52   &#34;           &#34;         Fine powder                                    
                                   MEGAFAC                                
                                          Water-soluble                   
                                                 p-      Water            
                           of calcium                                     
                                   F-833  acid-curable                    
                                                 Toluene-                 
                                                         (180)            
                           silicate/                                      
                                   (10)   acrylic resin                   
                                                 sulfonic                 
                           aluminum       (*6)   acid (10)                
                           hydroxide      (50)                            
                           (weight ratio                                  
                           60/40) (50)                                    
53   &#34;         Same as in Example 41                                      
                           Fine powder                                    
                                   MEGAFAC                                
                                          Same as in                      
                                                 p-      Water (95),      
                           of calcium                                     
                                   F-833  Example 47                      
                                                 Toluene-                 
                                                         40% ethyl-       
                           silicate/                                      
                                   (10)          sulfonic                 
                                                         ene-urea         
                           aluminum              acid (10)                
                                                         (10), mold       
                           hydroxide                     releasing        
                           (weight ratio                 agent (*7)       
                           60/40) (50)                   (5)              
54   &#34;           &#34;         Fine powder                                    
                                   MEGAFAC                                
                                          Same as in                      
                                                 p-      Water (80),      
                           of calcium                                     
                                   F-833  Example 47                      
                                                 Toluene-                 
                                                         hexabromo-       
                           silicate/                                      
                                   (10)          sulfonic                 
                                                         benzene          
                           aluminum              acid (10)                
                                                         (30)             
                           hydroxide                                      
                           (weight ratio                                  
                           60/40) (50)                                    
__________________________________________________________________________
 Note to Table 5                                                          
 (*1): Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide                                       
 (*2): Anionic fluorinecontaining surfaceactive agent (produced by        
 Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.)                                       
 (*3): Fintex Exp 922, solids content 35% (produced by Dainippon Ink and  
 Chemicals, Inc.)                                                         
 (*4): Walnut Flour F180 (produced by Nippon Walnut Co., Ltd.)            
 (*5): Snowtex ST0-40, solids content 40% (produced by Nissan Chemical Co.
 Ltd.)                                                                    
 (*6): Watersol S451, solids content 50% (produced by Dainippon Ink and   
 Chemicals, Inc.)                                                         
 (*7): KN722 (produced by Shinetsu Silicone Co., Ltd.)                    
 
    
     
                                           TABLE 6                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
     Time which                                   After-flame             
                                                        Condition         
     elapsed until                           Fire re-                     
                                                  property                
                                                        of the film       
     the treating                                                         
             Rust for-                                                    
                  Appearance                                              
                         Hardness       After-                            
                                             tarding                      
                                                  after                   
                                                        after im-         
     liquid became                                                        
             mation                                                       
                  of the of the     Fire                                  
                                        flame                             
                                             after im-                    
                                                  mersion                 
                                                        mersion           
Ex-  whitely turbid                                                       
             on an                                                        
                  treated                                                 
                         formed                                           
                              Light retar-                                
                                        property                          
                                             mersion                      
                                                  in water                
                                                        in water          
ample                                                                     
     (hrs)   iron nail                                                    
                  timber film resistance                                  
                                    dancy                                 
                                        (*1) in water                     
                                                  (*2)  (*3)              
__________________________________________________________________________
22   16      Small                                                        
                  Trans- Hard No dis-                                     
                                    7   A    7    A     Slight            
                  parent      coloration                cracking          
23   15      &#34;    Trans- &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    7   A    7    A     Slight            
                  parent      coloration                cracking          
24   15      &#34;    Trans- &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    8   A    8    A     Slight            
                  parent      coloration                cracking          
25    8      &#34;    Trans- &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    6   A    6    A     Slight            
                  parent      coloration                cracking          
26   19      &#34;    Trans- &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    6   A    6    A     Slight            
                  parent      coloration                cracking          
27   19      &#34;    Trans- &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    7   A    6    B     Slight            
                  parent      coloration                cracking          
28   10      &#34;    Trans- &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    6   B    5    C     Slight            
                  parent      coloration                cracking          
29   12      &#34;    Trans- &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    7   B    7    B     Slight            
                  parent      coloration                cracking          
30   15      &#34;    Trans- &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    7   A    7    A     Slight            
                  parent      coloration                cracking          
31   15      &#34;    Trans- &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    8   A    8    A     Slight            
                  parent      coloration                cracking          
32   --      &#34;    Reddish                                                 
                         &#34;    &#34;     10  A    10   A     Slight            
                  brown                                 cracking          
33   --      &#34;    Trans- &#34;    &#34;     6   A    6    A     Slight            
                  parent                                cracking          
34   --      &#34;    Trans- &#34;    &#34;     6   A    6    A     Slight            
                  parent                                cracking          
35   --      &#34;    Trans- Soft Slight dis-                                 
                                    7   A    7    A     No cracking       
                  parent      coloration                                  
36   --      &#34;    Trans- Hard No dis-                                     
                                    3   B    3    C     Slight            
                  parent      coloration                cracking          
37   10      &#34;    Reddish                                                 
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    8   A    8    A     Slight            
                  brown       coloration                cracking          
38   --      &#34;    Reddish                                                 
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    7   A    7    A     Slight            
                  brown       coloration                cracking          
39   --      &#34;    Reddish                                                 
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    8   A    8    A     Slight            
                  brown       coloration                cracking          
40   --      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    6   A    6    A     Slight            
                  brown       coloration                cracking          
41   17      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    8   D    8    D     Slight            
                  brown       coloration                cracking          
42   16      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    8   D    8    D     Slight            
                  brown       coloration                cracking          
43   17      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    9   D    9    D     Slight            
                  brown       coloration                cracking          
44   17      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    8   D    8    D     Slight            
                  brown       coloration                cracking          
45   10      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    7   D    7    D     Slight            
                  brown       coloration                cracking          
46   14      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    7   D    7    D     Slight            
                  brown       coloration                cracking          
47   16      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    8   D    8    D     No cracking       
                  brown       coloration                                  
48   17      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    8   D    8    D     No cracking       
                  brown       coloration                                  
49   17      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    8   D    8    D     No cracking       
                  brown       coloration                                  
50   17      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    8   D    8    D     No cracking       
                  brown       coloration                                  
51   17      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    8   D    8    D     No cracking       
                  brown       coloration                                  
52   17      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    8   A    8    A     No cracking       
                  brown       coloration                                  
53   16      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    8   A    8    A     No cracking       
                  brown       coloration                                  
54   17      &#34;    Yellowish                                               
                         &#34;    No dis-                                     
                                    10  A    10   A     No cracking       
                  brown       coloration                                  
__________________________________________________________________________
Note to Table 6                                                           
(*1): The flame was contacted with the sample in the same way as in the   
fire retardancy test, and the after flaming time after removal of the     
flame was recorded, and the after-flaming property was evaluated on the   
following scale.                                                          
Evaluation                                                                
          After-flaming time (seconds)                                    
A          0-10                                                           
B         10-20                                                           
C         20-30                                                           
D         more than 30                                                    
(*2): The treated timber was immersed in a large quantity of water at     
20° C. so that the treated surface was submerged under water,      
withdrawn                                                                 
48 hours later, and forcibly dried at 110° C. for 4 hours.         
Thereafter, the after flaming property was examined in the same way as in 
(*1) above.                                                               
The evaluation was in accordance with the same scale as in (*1) above.    
(*3): The condition of the film during drying in the test of (*2) was     
observed.