Polypropylene stabilized against oxidative degradation with mixtures of diarylamine derivatives and sterically hindered phenols
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 101,310, filed Sept. 25, 1987, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to polypropylene homopolymers, copolymers and their blends stabilized against oxidative degradation with a combination of at least one diarylamine derivative as hereinafter defined and at least one sterically hindered phenol. 
     A long-standing problem of plastic goods manufacturers is stabilizing polypropylene resins during high temperature, high shear blending and extrusion processes which are common in plastic goods manufacturing. It has been found that resins that show excellent long-term thermal heat stability characteristics may not be sufficiently protected against the type of degradation which occurs in an extruder during long residence times. The diphenylamine/phenolic blends of this invention have been found to unexpectedly protect the polypropylene against both polymer breakdown, as shown by superior melt flow stability, and against the formation of undesirable color bodies as shown by low color index values. 
     Aralkyl-substituted diarylamines such as 4,4&#39;-bis(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine (NAUGARD 445, Uniroyal Chemical) and their use as antioxidants for a variety of polymeric materials are known from U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,452,056 and 3,505,225. 
     Sterically hindered phenols constitute another known class of antioxidant materials. Antioxidant compositions containing both an amine component and a sterically hindered phenol component, with and without other ingredients, are also known. 
     Thus, U.S. Pat. No. 3,304,283 discloses an antioxidant composition for mono-olefinic polymers such as polypropylene containing at least one aromatic phenolic thioether, diaryl thioether, aliphatic disulfide, aromatic disulfide, aromatic mercaptan, aliphatic mercaptan and/or aliphatic thiuramdisulfide in combination with at least one biphenol and/or aromatic amine. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,432,578 discloses the stabilization of conjugated diene polymers from the adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation employing a mixture of a diaryl hydroxylamine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4 hydroxylbenzyl)benzene, dilaurylthiodipropionate and lignin sulfonate. 
     U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,567,664 and 3,637,865 each describes the stabilization of polyether polyol-based polyurethanes against scorching employing a mixture of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl phenol and a p,p&#39;-dialkyl diphenylamine. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 4,007,230 describes the stabilization of polyether polyol-based polyurethanes against scorching employing a composition consisting of certain hindered phenols such as 2,4-di-methyl-6-octyl phenol and 4,4&#39;-bis(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine (i.e., NAUGARD 445, Uniroyal Chemical, referred to supra). 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,655,559 discloses stabilizers for synthetic lubricants based on alkylated diphenylamines and, optionally, any one of numerous other kinds of antioxidants, sterically hindered phenols amongst them. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,979,180 describes the stabilization of low density polyethylene and mineral-filled ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers employing a combination of a sterically hindered phenol and/or a substituted diphenylamine of the structure Ar-NH-Ar&#39; where Ar and Ar&#39; are each phenyl, naphthol, substituted phenyl and naphthol including alkyl substituents of 1-20 alkyl carbon atoms, and halogen, a metal organic thiophosphorus compound and a trace amount of a transition metal salt. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,341,677 describes oil-in-water emulsions of antioxidants useful for treating fibrous reinforcements such as glass fibers to increase the protection of such fiber reinforced polymeric materials as polyolefins, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polystyrene and styrene copolymers against chemical degradation. The emulsions are based on hindered phenols such as octadecyl 3-(3&#39;,5&#39;-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-propionate (IRGANOX 1076,  Ciba Geigy) and/or diarylamines such as 4,4&#39;-[2-(2-phenyl)-propyl]diphenylamine (NAUGARD 445, Uniroyal Chemical, referred to supra). All of the specific examples of emulsions disclosed to be useful in U.S. Pat. No. 4,341,677 are based either on a sterically hindered phenol or a diarylamine. No example of an emulsion containing both a hindered phenol and a diarylamine is provided. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,420,579 describes antioxidant compositions for polyolefins based on coordination complexes of nickel thiobis(alkylphenolates) with hydroxy-substituted ligands in combination with co-additives such as diarylamines and/or hindered phenols. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,671 describes mixtures of hydrocarbon-substituted diphenylamines, e.g., a liquid diphenylamine alkylated with styrene (WINGSTAY 29, Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company) and high molecular weight polyethylene glycols as water-tree retardant compositions for polyethylenes. The compositions can optionally contain antioxidants such as sterically hindered phenols and amines, polymerized 2,2,4-tetramethylhydroquinoline, 4&#39;4&#39;-thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), thiodiethylenebis-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy hydrocinnamate, distearylthiodipropionate, and the like. 
     The inventor&#39;s copending application Ser. No. 941,479, filed Dec. 11, 1986, now abandoned and refiled as Ser. No. 188,149 filed Apr. 27, 1988 discloses mixtures of aralkyl-substituted diarylamines with sterically hindered phenols for stabilization of polyolefins. Specifically preferred is an alpha-methyl styrene substituted diphenylamine, 4,4&#39;-bis(alpha,alpha&#39;dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with the present invention, polypropylene homopolymers, copolymers and blends thereof are stabilized against oxidative degradation by the incorporation therein of a stabilizing amount of an antioxidant composition which comprises: 
     (a) at least one diarylamine selected from the group consisting of alkyl-substituted diarylamine and aralkyl-substituted diarylamine; 
     (b) at least one sterically hindered phenol. 
     On a weight-for-weight basis, the foregoing combination of diarylamine derivative(s) and hindered phenol(s) has been found to impart a significantly greater degree of protection to polyolefins against oxidative degradation than either of these materials employed separately. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The alkyl-substituted diarylamines which are useful in the practice of this invention can be represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Ar and Ar&#39; each is an aryl radical, at least one of said radicals being substituted with an alkyl radical. 
     Preferred aralkyl-substituted diarylamines are those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,452,056 and 3,505,225, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein. The preferred aralkyl-substituted diarylamines can be represented by the following general formulas: ##STR2## where R 1  is a phenyl or p-tolyl radical; 
     R 2  and R 3  are selected from methyl, phenyl and p-tolyl radicals; 
     R 4  is selected from methyl, phenyl, p-tolyl and neopentyl radicals; 
     R 5  is selected from methyl, phenyl, p-tolyl and 2-phenylisobutyl radicals; and, 
     R 6  is a methyl radical. ##STR3## where R 1  through R 5  are selected from the radicals shown in Formula I and R 7  is selected from methyl, phenyl or p-tolyl radicals; 
     X is selected from the group consisting of the radicals methyl, ethyl, a sec-alkyl containing from three to ten carbon atoms, alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl, alpha-methylbenzyl, chlorine, bromine, carboxyl, and metal salts of the carboxylic acids where the metal is zinc, cadmium, nickel, lead, tin, magnesium, or copper; and, 
     Y is selected from the group consisting of the radicals hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, a sec-alkyl containing from three to ten carbon atoms, chlorine and bromine. ##STR4## where R 1  is a phenyl or p-tolyl radical; 
     R 2  and R 3  are selected from methyl, phenyl and p-tolyl radicals; 
     R 4  is selected from the group consisting of the radicals hydrogen, a primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl containing from one to ten carbon atoms and alkoxyl containing from one to ten carbon atoms which may be straight chain or branched; and, 
     X and Y are selected from the group consisting of the radicals hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, sec-alkyl containing from three to ten carbon atoms, chlorine and bromine. ##STR5## where R 9  is a phenyl or p-tolyl radical; 
     R 10  is selected from methyl, phenyl p-tolyl and 2-phenyl isobutyl radicals; and, 
     R 11  is selected from methyl, phenyl and p-tolyl radicals. ##STR6## where R 12  is a phenyl or p-tolyl radical; 
     R 13  is selected from methyl, phenyl and p-tolyl radicals; 
     R 14  is selected from methyl, phenyl, p-tolyl and 2-phenylisobutyl radicals; and, 
     R 15  is selected from the group consisting of the radicals hydrogen alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl, alpha-methylbenzhydryl, triphenylmethyl and alpha,alpha,p-trimethylbenzyl. 
     Typical chemicals useful in the invention are as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
TYPE I                                                                    
 ##STR7##                                                                 
R.sub.1                                                                   
       R.sub.2  R.sub.3  R.sub.4  R.sub.5                                 
                                         R.sub.6                          
______________________________________                                    
Phenyl Methyl   Methyl   Phenyl   Methyl Methyl                           
Phenyl Phenyl   Methyl   Phenyl   Phenyl Methyl                           
Phenyl Phenyl   Phenyl   Neopentyl                                        
                                  Methyl Methyl                           
p-Tolyl                                                                   
       Methyl   Methyl   p-Tolyl  Methyl Methyl                           
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     
         __________________________________________________________________________
TYPE II                                                                   
 ##STR8##                                                                 
R.sub.1                                                                   
    R.sub.2                                                               
        R.sub.3                                                           
            R.sub.4                                                       
                R.sub.5                                                   
                    R.sub.7                                               
                        X             Y                                   
__________________________________________________________________________
Phenyl                                                                    
    Methyl                                                                
        Methyl                                                            
            Phenyl                                                        
                Methyl                                                    
                    Methyl                                                
                        Alpha,alpha-dimethyl-benzyl                       
                                      Hydrogen                            
Phenyl                                                                    
    Methyl                                                                
        Methyl                                                            
            Phenyl                                                        
                Methyl                                                    
                    Methyl                                                
                        Bromo         Bromo                               
Phenyl                                                                    
    Methyl                                                                
        Methyl                                                            
            Phenyl                                                        
                Methyl                                                    
                    Methyl                                                
                        Carboxyl      Hydrogen                            
Phenyl                                                                    
    Methyl                                                                
        Methyl                                                            
            Phenyl                                                        
                Methyl                                                    
                    Methyl                                                
                        Nickel carboxylate                                
                                      Hydrogen                            
Phenyl                                                                    
    Methyl                                                                
        Methyl                                                            
            Phenyl                                                        
                Methyl                                                    
                    Methyl                                                
                        2-Butyl       Hydrogen                            
Phenyl                                                                    
    Methyl                                                                
        Methyl                                                            
            Phenyl                                                        
                Methyl                                                    
                    Methyl                                                
                        2-Octyl       Hydrogen                            
Phenyl                                                                    
    Phenyl                                                                
        Phenyl                                                            
            Phenyl                                                        
                Phenyl                                                    
                    Phenyl                                                
                        2-Hexyl       Hydrogen                            
__________________________________________________________________________
 
    
     
         ______________________________________                                    
TYPE III                                                                  
 ##STR9##                                                                 
R.sub.1                                                                   
      R.sub.2  R.sub.3 R.sub.9 X       Y                                  
______________________________________                                    
Phenyl                                                                    
      Methyl   Methyl  Isopropoxy                                         
                               Hydrogen                                   
                                       Hydrogen                           
Phenyl                                                                    
      Methyl   Methyl  Hydrogen                                           
                               2-Octyl Hydrogen                           
Phenyl                                                                    
      Phenyl   Phenyl  Hydrogen                                           
                               2-Hexyl Hydrogen                           
______________________________________                                    
 ##STR10##
 R.sub.9 is phenyl and R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 are methyl.
 ##STR11##
 
    
     Of the foregoing preferred aralkyl-substituted diarylamines, the substituted diphenylamines of the formula: ##STR12## where R and R&#39; are methyl or phenyl are especially preferred. The compound wherein R and R&#39; are methyl is 4,4&#39;-bis-(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine and the compound in which R and R&#39; are phenyl is 4,4&#39;-bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)diphenylamine. 
     Sterically hindered phenols which can be used in combination with the foregoing aralkyl-substituted diarylamines include a selected group of high molecular weight sterically hindered phenols heterofore employed as antioxidants/stabilizers. 
     The diphenylamine-acetone condensation product, identified as NAUGARD A in Examples 21 and 26, is not considered part of this invention because it did not substantially improve the Hunter b color, although it did improve melt flow rate. It is felt that both color and melt stability improvements must be shown in order to consider the results to be synergistic and unexpected. 
     The aralkyl-substituted diphenylamine (NAUGARD 445) of Example 25 and the aralkyl-substituted diphenylamine (NAUGARD 438) of Example 27 both effected substantial improvements in both melt stability and color values over either the respective diphenylamine or the hindered phenol (IRGANOX 1010) used alone (see values in Examples 19, 20 and 22). This unique and unexpected result allows the polypropylene plastic products manufacturers to protect the base resin against polymer breakdown in the extruder while maintaining excellent color in the finished plastic product. 
     The useful hindered phenols preferably must have molecular weights above 500. The sulfur-containing thio-phenols are specifically excluded from the term, hindered phenol, as used in this invention. Less preferred are the simple monophenols and bisphenols as: 2,4-dimethyl-6-octyl-phenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol (i.e., butylated hydroxy toluene); 2,6-ditertiarybutyl-4-ethyl phenol; 2,6-ditertiarybutyl-4-n-butyl phenol; 2,2&#39;-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tertiarybutyl phenol); 2,2&#39;-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tertiarylbutyl-phenol); 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiarybutyl phenol; 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-ditertiarybutyl phenol; n-octadecyl-beta(3,5-dditertiarybutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate; 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methyl phenol; 2,4,6-trimethyl phenol; 2,4,6-triisopropyl phenol; 2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl phenol; 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethyl phenol; 2,6-methyl-4-didodecyl phenol; tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy isocyanurate, ris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl)butane. 
     More preferred are the high molecular weight hindered phenols having molecular weights above 500. Representative of such high molecular weight materials are: octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy hydrocinnamate (NAUGARD 76, Uniroyal Chemical; IRGANOX 1076, Ciba-Geigy); tetrakis[methylene (3,5-di-tert-buty-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamate)]methane (IRGANOX 1010, Ciga-Geigy),; 2,2&#39;-oxamido bis-[ethyl-3-(3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (NAUGARD XL-1, Uniroyal Chemical); 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-s-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)trione (CYANOX 1790, American Cyanamid Co.); and 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene (ETHANOX 330, Ethyl Corp.); 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid triester with 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, bis(3,3-bis(4-hydroxy-3-t-butylphenyl)butanoic acid)glycolester. 
     More preferred are the hindered phenols having molecular weights above 700. Most preferred are polyphenols which contain three or more substituted phenol groups such as: tetrakis[methylene (3,5-di-tert-buty-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamate)]methane (IRGANOX 1010, Ciba-Geigy) and 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene (ETHANOX 330, Ethyl Corp.). 
     The thermoplastic polyolefins which are stabilized against oxidative degradation employing mixtures of the foregoing diarylamine derivative(s) and sterically hindered phenols include homopolymers derived from mono- and di-ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers of C 3  and above such as polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polymethylbutene-1, poly methylpentene-1, polybutene-1, polystyrene, polyisobutylene, and the like; copolymers derived from two or more of monomers such as ethylene-propylene copolymers having at least a majority of propylene, propylene-butene-1 copolymers, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, and blends of a majority of polypropylene with a minority of polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene-1 and polypropylene and polyisobutylene. 
     Peroxide-free polyethylene may also be advantageously protected using this antioxidant blend system. The term, peroxide-free, is meant to exclude cross-linked polyethylene materials which utilize organic peroxides as cross-linking agents. The term, non-cross-linked, may also be used for this class of materials. The hindered phenols of the antioxidant blend of this invention interfere with the proper functioning of the peroxides by attacking the peroxide radical and inactivating it. This action is very detrimental to peroxide-containing polyethylene compounds. Accordingly, such peroxide bearing polyethylene materials are specifically excluded but peroxide-free polyethylenes are included under the general terminology of peroxide-free thermoplastic polyolefins. 
     The foregoing polyolefin homopolymers, copolymers and blends thereof can be combined with minor amounts by weight, i.e., less than about 50 weight percent and preferably less than about 20 weight percent, of one or more compatible or compatibilized polymers other than those mentioned, e.g., polyvinylhalides, chlorinated polyolefins, polyester, polyamides, polyacrylates, and the like. 
     The combined amounts of diarylamine derivative(s) and sterically hindered phenol(s) incorporated into the foregoing polyolefins will, at a minimum, be that required to impart a significant level of stability against oxidative degradation. In general, such amounts can vary from about 0.01 to about 5.0, and preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.5, weight percent of polyolefin homopolymer, copolymer or polyolefin blend. Although combined amounts of the antioxidants in excess of about 5 weight percent can be employed, such amounts might have a deleterious effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the polyolefin substrate in which case they should ordinarily be avoided. 
     The relative proportions of diarylamine derivative(s) to sterically hindered phenol(s) can vary widely. In general, the ratios of diarylamine derivative(s) to sterically hindered phenol(s) can vary from about 20:1 to about 1:20 and preferably from about 10:1 to about 1:10 although ratios somewhat above and below the broader of these ranges can also be used with advantageous results. 
     The procedures employed to incorporate the diarylamine derivative(s) and the sterically hindered phenol(s) into the polyolefin are not critical and in general, follow any of the known procedures for incorporating additives in polyolefin resins. For example, these materials can be introduced into the polyolefin as a premix or they can be maintained separately and added to the polyolefin simultaneously or sequentially and then homogeneously distributed throughout the polymer by milling, extrusion blending or some other mechanical working procedure. Either the dirylamine derivative component(s), the sterically hindered phenol component(s) or both can be added to the polyolefin by way of a preconcentrate or in a carrier system, e.g., in a suitable solvent or co-solvent. 
     Following common practice, other additives can be introduced into the polyolefin prior to, during and/or following addition of the antioxidants. Such additives include other stabilizers, colorants, reinforcements, fillers, antistatic agents, lubricants, plasticizers, and the like, present in the customary amounts. 
     The following examples are illustrative of polyolefins stabilized against oxidative degradation by incorporation of a combination of diarylamine derivative(s) and sterically hindered phenol(s) in accordance with this invention. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES 1-12 
     These examples demonstrate the effect of substituting half the weight of the sterically hindered phenol antioxidants octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy hydrocinnamate (NAUGARD 76, Uniroyal Chemical), tetrakis[methylene(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamate)]methane (IRGANOX 1010, Ciba-Geigy), 2,2&#39;-oxamido bis-[ethyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (NAUGARD XL-1, Uniroyal Chemical), 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene (ETHANOX 330, Ethyl Corp.) and 1,3,5-tris(4-tertbutyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-a-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)trione (CYANOX 1790, American Cyanamid Co.) with an equal amount by weight of the aralkyl-substituted diarylamine antioxidant 4,4&#39;-bis(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine (NAUGARD 445, Uniroyal Chemical) on both the melt stability and color stability of polypropylene homopolymer (PRO-FAX 6501, Hercules, Inc.) containing 0.1% by weight of calcium stearate as an acid scavenger. 
     The foregoing antioxidants/antioxidant compositions were incorporated into the resin in a C.W. Brabender Plasticorder with mixing head attachment and operated for 30 minutes at 25 rpm and a temperature of 210° C. 
     The effect of the foregoing substitutions on the melt stability of the polypropylene samples (measured as the melt flow rate at 230° C. and 2.16 kg in accordance with ASTM D 1238, Condition L and on the color stability (measured as Hunter b Color carried out upon 65 mil plaques) are set forth below as follows: 
     
                       TABLE I                                                     
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MELT AND COLOR STABILITIES OF POLYPROPYLENE                               
CONTAINING STERICALLY HINDERED PHENOL                                     
AND/OR ARALKYL-SUBSTITUTED DIARYLAMINE                                    
ANTIXOIDANTS                                                              
                               Melt                                       
                               Flow  Color                                
Ex-  Phenolic       NAUGARD    Rate  Stability                            
am-  Component/     445,       (g/10 (Hunter b                            
ple  wt. %          wt. %      Min.) Color)                               
______________________________________                                    
1    --             --         13.8  2.9                                  
2    NAUGARD 76/0.2 --         4.2   10.7                                 
3    NAUGARD 76/0.1 0.1        2.1   6.0                                  
4    IRGANOX 1010/0.2                                                     
                    --         3.5   12.5                                 
5    IRGANOX 1010/0.1                                                     
                    0.1        1.9   4.1                                  
6    NAUGARD XL-1/0.2                                                     
                    --         4.0   18.7                                 
7    NAUGARD XL-1/0.1                                                     
                    0.1        2.1   9.2                                  
8    ETHANOX 330/0.2                                                      
                    --         3.6   10.8                                 
9    ETHANOX 330/0.1                                                      
                    0.1        2.2   5.6                                  
10   CYANOX 1790/0.2                                                      
                    --         1.9   14.2                                 
11   CYANOX 1790/0.1                                                      
                    0.1        2.0   13.8                                 
12   --             0.2        5.3   8.5                                  
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     As these data show, both phenolic antioxidants used alone (Examples 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) and aralkyl-substituted diarylamine antioxidant used alone (Example 12) resulted in a dramatic increase in stabilization as indicated by a lower melt flow rate compared to the unstabilized polypropylene (Example 1). In all but one of these examples (Example 11), substitution of half the weight of phenolic antioxidant component with aralkyl-substituted diarylamine antioxidant component resulted in still a further sharp reduction in melt flow rate (Examples 3, 5, 7 and 9). These data clearly show the enhanced stabilizing effect of a combination of aralkyl-substituted diarylamine, and sterically hindered phenol(s) compared to stabilization achieved with either material by itself. 
     Similarly, where color stability is concerned, in all but one case (Example 11), substitution of a part of the phenolic antioxidant with an equal weight amount of aralkyl-substituted diarylamine resulted in a very large increase in color stability (observed as reduced levels of Hunter b color), this being another indication of the enhanced stabilizing effect of mixtures of aralkyl-substituted diarylamine(s) and sterically hindered phenol(s) on polyolefins. 
     EXAMPLES 13-18 
     The following examples show the strikingly improved polymer stability realized when the phenolic/amine antioxidant compositions of the instant invention are incorporated in a base resin compared to the more common phenolic/phenolic antioxidant blends of the prior art, specifically illustrated by using IRGANOX 1010 as one of the phenolic antioxidants. 
     The compositions were prepared and tested in substantially the same manner as those in Examples 1-12 and the data realized are set forth in Table II below. The IRGANOX 1010 when used alone at a weight percent of 0.2 and when in combination, each antioxidant was present at 0.1 wt %, both weight percents being based on the total composition weight. 
     Table II data clearly shows that Example 18, which is the phenol/amine blend of this invention yields much better melt and color stability than any pair of hindered phenols used in combination. 
     
                       TABLE II                                                    
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MELT AND COLOR                                                            
STABILITIES OF POLYPROPYLENE WITH:                                        
(A) PHENOL/PHENOL ANTIOXIDANTS AND                                        
(B) SPECIFIC PHENOL/AMINE ANTIOXIDANTS                                    
                Phenolic             Color                                
      Phenolic  Component    Melt Flow                                    
                                     Stability                            
Exam- Component No. 2 or     Rate    (Hunter b                            
ple   No. 1     NAUGARD 445  (g/10 Min.)                                  
                                     Color)                               
______________________________________                                    
13    IRGANOX   --           3.5     12.5                                 
      1010                                                                
14    IRGANOX   NAUGARD 1076 4.1     16.6                                 
      1010                                                                
15    IRGANOX   NAUGARD XL-1 3.4     17.7                                 
      1010                                                                
16    IRGANOX   ETHANOX 330  3.2     16.9                                 
      1010                                                                
17    IRGANOX   CYANOX 1790  2.3     13.1                                 
      1010                                                                
18    IRGANOX   NAUGARD 445  1.9      4.1                                 
      1010                                                                
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     EXAMPLES 19-20 
     The level of stabilization resulting from the incorporation of several known antioxidant compounds in polypropylene (PRO-FAX 6501, Hercules, Inc.) containing 0.1 wt. percent of calcium stearate extrusion aid and a uniform level of 0.2 wt. % antioxidant were evaluated in terms of their effects on the melt stability of the polypropylene samples (measured as the melt flow rate at 230° C. and 2.16 kg in accordance with ASTM D 1238, Condition L) and on the color stability (measured as Hunter b Color carried out upon 65 mil plaques). The &#34;b&#34; color scale was determined according to ASTM D 2244-79 which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     The mechanism of degradation of the polypropylene polymers is chain scission as defined by higher melt flow rates as the polymer is broken into smaller chains during degradation. Thus, lower melt flow rates indicate that the polypropylene is being protected from degradation. An objectionable change in color stability is demonstrated by increasing &#34;b&#34; values on the Hunter color scale. The lower the b value, the better the color stability. 
     The antioxidants were incorporated into separate quantities of polypropylene in a C. W. Brabender Plasticorder with mixing head attachment and operated for 30 minutes at 25 rpm and a temperature of 210° C. The individual antioxidants were as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
                                 Commercial                               
Example                                                                   
       Chemical Type                                                      
                    Chemical Name                                         
                                 Source                                   
______________________________________                                    
19     sterically   tetrakis     IRGANOX                                  
       hindered phenol                                                    
                    [methylene   1010,                                    
                    (3,5-di-tert-                                         
                                 Ciba-Geigy                               
                    butyl-4-hydroxy-                                      
                    hydrocinnamate)]                                      
                    methane                                               
20     aralkyl-substi-                                                    
                    4,4&#39;-bis(alpha,                                       
                                 NAUGARD                                  
       tuted        alpha-dimethyl-                                       
                                 445,                                     
       diarylamine  benzyl)diphenyl                                       
                                 Uniroyal                                 
                    amine        Chemical                                 
21     diarylamine-ali                                                    
                    diphenylamine-                                        
                                 NAUGARD A,                               
       phatic ketone                                                      
                    acetone conden-                                       
                                 Uniroyal                                 
       reaction product                                                   
                    sation reaction                                       
                                 Chemical                                 
                    product                                               
22     alkyl-       p,p&#39;-dioctyl-                                         
                                 NAUGALUBE                                
       substituted  diphenylamine                                         
                                 438,                                     
       diarylamine               Uniroyal                                 
                                 Chemical                                 
23     diaryl-sub-  N,N&#39;--diphenyl-p-                                     
                                 NAUGARD J,                               
       stituted     phenylenediamine                                      
                                 Uniroyal                                 
       arylenediamine            Chemical                                 
       (or, arylamine-                                                    
       substituted                                                        
       diarylamine)                                                       
24     alkyl-       N,N&#39;--di-sec-                                         
                                 NAUGALUBE                                
       substituted  butyl-p-     403,                                     
       diarylenediamine                                                   
                    phenylenediamine                                      
                                 Uniroyal                                 
                                 Chemical                                 
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     The melt flow rates and Hunter b Color resulting from the presence of the foregoing individual antioxidants in the polypropylene plaques were as follows: 
     
                       TABLE III                                                   
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           Comercial     Melt      Hunter                                 
Example    Name          Flow Rate b Color                                
______________________________________                                    
Baseline case            10.2      3.4                                    
(no antioxidant)                                                          
19         IRGANOX 1010  2.8       13.6                                   
20         NAUGARD 445   3.4       9.6                                    
21         NAUGARD A     1.5       28.9                                   
22         NAUGALUBE 438 5.8       11.3                                   
23         NAUGARD J     1.2       29.9                                   
24         NAUGALUBE 403 1.1       22.0                                   
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     As expected, each of the foregoing individual antioxidants significantly reduced the melt flow rate of the polypropylene, an indication of an increase in the stabilization to oxidation of each sample compared to the baseline polypropylene sample. However, varying increases in the tendency of a sample of polypropylene to undergo a change in color (as measured by Hunter b Color) were observed compared to the baseline sample. 
     EXAMPLES 25-29 
     In accordance with the present invention, one-half the amount of IRGANOX 1010 hindered phenol was replaced with a like amount of each of the foregoing amines, i.e., NAUGARD 445, NAUGARD A, NAUGALUBE 438, NAUGARD J and NAUGALUBE 403. The hindered phenol/amine antioxidant compositions (containing 0.1 wt. % of each antioxidant) were incorporated into individual quantities of the polypropylene and the polypropylene samples were formed into plaques in substantially the same manner as in Examples 19-24. 
     The effects of the antioxidant compositions on melt flow rate and Hunter b Color measured as in Example 1-6 were as follows (TABLE IV): 
     
                       TABLE IV                                                    
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IRGANOX 1010 BLENDS                                                       
                        Melt      Hunter                                  
Example  Costabilizer   Flow Rate b Color                                 
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25       NAUGARD 445    1.2        4.8                                    
26       NAUGARD A      1.1       19.8                                    
27       NAUGALUBE 438  1.6        6.3                                    
28       NAUGARD J      1.2       24.6                                    
29       NAUGALUBE 403  1.2       19.2                                    
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     When combined with the hindered phenol antioxidant, the diphenylamine antioxidants generally resulted in a reduction in melt flow rate which was significantly better than that achieved with the diphenyl amine antioxidants alone, i.e., the melt flow rate of the polypropylene samples of the Examples 26 (which does not form a part of this invention) and 25, 27 blends are generally equal to or better than the diphenylamine antioxidants used alone, i.e., Examples 20, 21 and 22. 
     The phenylene diamine blends with the hindered phenol antioxidant i.e. Examples 28 and 29 resulted in melt flow rates in polypropylene that were merely equal to or worse than the phenylene diamines alone (Examples 23 and 24). Furthermore, the Hunter color value of the phenylene diamine blends remained unacceptably high. Therefore, this class of amines must be excluded from the invention since color was not improved by using these phenylene diamines in a blend with the phenolic. 
     The diphenylamine-acetone condensation product, identified as NAUGARD A in Examples 21 and 26, is not considered part of this invention because it did not substantially improve the Hunter b color, although it did improve melt flow rate. It is felt that both color and melt stability improvements must be shown in order to consider the results to be synergistic and unexpected. 
     The aralkyl-substituted diphenylamine (NAUGARD 445) of Example 25 and the aralkyl-substituted diphenylamine (NAUGARD 438) of Example 27 both effected substantial improvements in both melt stability and color values over either the respective diphenylamine or the hindered phenol (IRGANOX 1010) used alone (see values in Examples 19, 20 and 22). This unique and unexpected result allows the polypropylene plastic products manufacturers to protect the base resin against polymer breakdown in the extruder while maintaining excellent color in the finished plastic product. 
     In view of the many changes and modifications that may be made without departing from principles underlying the invention, reference should be made to the appended claims for an understanding of the scope of the protection afforded the invention.