Apparatus for isolating a plurality of vertically spaced perforations in a well conduit
This is a division of application Ser. No. 115,517 filed Nov. 2, 1987 which is a division of application Ser. No. 922,355 filed Oct. 23, 1983 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,735,266. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a method and apparatus for isolating a pluralityt of vertically spaced sets of perforations provided in a well conduit adjacent production formations to permit the concurrent treatments of such formations with predetefrmined amounts of a treatment fluid, either liquid or gas. In many oil and gas wells, the well conduit may traverse a plurality of vertically spaced production formations or zones. The well conduit is generally perforated to provide communication with each of the production zones. If the need arises for chemical treatment of the production zones, it is highly desirable that each of the set of perforations be insolated from each other so that treatment may be selectively applied to only one or more of the production zones. Similarly, in many oil and gas fields, a plurality of wells located in close proximity to each other traverse common production formations. When the initial production from such wells reach an unacceptably low level, it has been a common practice to perform secondary recovery operations on the wells. The secondary operation comprises taking a centrally located one of a group of wells and applying either water or carbon dioxide to the production zones traversed by such well. Such water or gas flooding drives the hydrocarbons in the production formation towards the remaining active wells and enhances their productivity. In both recovery operations, it is highly desirable that the supplied fluid be confined to the production zones and thus be capable of substantial recovery from the producing wells. This is particularly important in recovery operations where pressurized carbon dioxide is utilized. Here again, the necessity arises for effectively isolating each set of a plurality of vertically spaced sets of perforations in the well conduit carrying the treatment fluid from the adjoining sets of perforations. 
     The prior art has not provided a simple, inexpensive method and apparatus for isolating a plurality of sets,of perforations in a well conduit from each other so as to permit the selective application of predetermined amounts of treatment or flooding fluid concurrently to each of the sets of perforations. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The method and apparatus of this invention may be applied to a new well built for the purpose of supplying treatment fluid to production zones traversed by the well or to previously completed wells, including wells completed by the openhole method referred to technical paper SPE 15009, copyrighted in 1981 by the Societyt of Petroleum Engineers. In the case of a new well, a steel liner is conventionally suspended from the bottom end of a casing to traverse the various production zones for which fluid treatment is desired. The liner is then cemented in place and perforated in the vicinity of each of the production zones by conventional methods, thrs providing a plurality of vertically spaced sets of perforations respectively communicating only with the production zones. In the case of a previously completed will, the well is filled with a permeable sand-resin mixture and then redrilled to permit a new liner to be inserted therein, traversing the various production zones for which treatment is desired. The liner is cemented in the new hole and perforated by conventional methods. To minimize cost, a relatively small-diameter liner is employed having an ID on the order of 2.5  inches. With such a small diameter liner, it is possible to utilize threadably connected tubular sections fabricated from a fiberglass-reinforced plastic. The employment of such reinforced plastic as a liner material substantially increases the life of the liner because of its greater resistance to the acid environment created by the infection of carbon dioxide, but it is not possible to utilize conventional packers within the bore of the fiberglass liner due to the damage to the bore walls which would be inflicted through the employment of conventional slips. 
     In accordance with this invention, at least one metallic section is incorporated in the fiberglass sections, preferably near the botton of the threadably interconnected fiberglass sections, and such metallic section defines an internal annular locking groove which receives a plurality of radially expandable locking dogs carried by a tension set packer inserted in the bore of the fiberglass liner on a tubular assembly which is run into the well on a tubular work string. 
     The tubular assembly is provided with a plurality of vertically spaced, radial ports which are respectively alignable with the various sets of perforations provided in the liner, with the exception of the lowermost set of perforations for which no radial port is required. In addition to the packer carried by the tubular assembly, a plurality of vertically spaced, tension set packing units are mounted on the tubular assembly and are expandable into sealing engagement with the bore of the liner by manipulation of the tubing string, thus providing an annulus seal intermediate each of the sets of perforations to isolate each set of perforations from the adjacent set. 
     Adjacent each radial port in the tubular assembly, a flow dividing, adjustable valve is removably mounted. Such valve carries axially spaced seals which are disposed in straddling relationship to the adjacent radial port. The valve divides the fluid flow coming down the bore of the tubular member into a radial and an axial component, with the amount of flow going into the radial component being adjustable. Thus, when a treatment fluid, either water or CO 2 , is supplied through the tubing string, a preselected proportion of the treatment fluid will be diverted from the main axial flow by each of the flow-dividing valves and the selected proportion will be directed into the adjacent production formation by flowing through the radial port and through the adjacent set of perforations. The remaining treatment fluid in the bore of the tubular member reaching the bottom of such tubular member can flow directly into the lowermost set of perforations by flowing out of the open bottom end of the tubular assembly. 
     If the well casing is of a size to permit thfe insertion therein of a side pocket mandrel, then in a modification of this invention, a side pocket mandrel may be employed at the upper end of the tubular assembly. An adjustable orifice valve is mounted in the side pocket of the side pocket mandrel and a fluid conduit is provided connecting the bottom end of the side pocket with the exterior of the tubular assembly. Thus, a predetermined proportion of the axially flowing treatment fluid entering the bore of the tubular assembly may be diverted through the orifice valve mounted in the side pocket mandrel to flow directly into the uppermost set of perforations provided in the tubular liner. The tubular liners employed are, as mentioned above, of such small diameter as to not accommodate side pocket mandrels and hence the internally nounted, adjustable flow-dividing valves are employed to effect the diversion of a predetermined amount of the axially flowing treatment fluid into each of the vertically spaced sets of perforations, hence into each of the vertically spaced production zones. 
     Thus, by adjustment of the flow-dividing valves, and the orifice valve, if used, which are readily wireling removable and insertable, a desired flow rate of the treatment fluid into each of the production zones may be obtaoned and such desired flow rates concurrently respectively applied to each of the production zones. No treatment fluid is lost by penetration into porous strata between the production zones due to the cementing of the liner in the bore hole. Thus, by adjustment of the flow dividing valves, which are readily wireline removable and insertable, a desired flow rate of the treatment fluid into each of the isolated production zones may be obtained and such desired flow rates concurrently respectively applied to each of the priduction zones. No treatment fluid is lost by penetration into the porous strata between the production zone due to the cementing of the liner in the bore hole. It follows that a substantial improvement in the amount of treatment fluid recovered from akjacent producing wells will be inherently realized. 
     The method and apparatus of this invention is equally applicable to a conventional well to effect the isolation of a plurality of sets of perforations provided in a well conduit from each other for any purpose, and the herein described utilization of the method and apparatus of this invention for controlling the application of flooding fluids through a fiberglass liner to a plurality of production zones represents only one potential application of this invention. 
     Further advantages of the invention will be reasily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the annexed sheets of drawings, on which is shown several embokiments of the invention. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
     FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C collectively represent a vertical quarter sectional view of a treatment tool embodying this invention inserted and set within a well bore. 
     FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D collectively represents a quarter sectional view of a modified tool embodying this invention showing the tool inserted and set in a well bore. 
     FIGS. 3A and 3B collectively represent an enlarged scale, quarter sectional view of the lowermost packer unit utilized in all mokifications of this invention, with the components of a lowermost packer unit shown in their initial run-in positions. 
     FIGS. 4A and 4B respectively constitute views similar to FIGS. 3A and 3B but showing the lowermost packer unit in its set position. 
     FIGS. 5A and 5B, are views respectively similar to FIGS. 3A and 3B, but showing the components of the lowermost packer unit in the positions assumed during the unsetting of such packer. 
     FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C collectively constitute an enlarged-scale, vertical quarter section view of the upper packing elements utilized in two modifications of this invention, with the components in their initial run-in positions. 
     FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C respectively correspond to FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C but show the components of the upper packing elements in their set positions. 
     FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C are views respectively corresponding to FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C but showing the components of the upper packing elements in the positions assumed during the unsetting of such packer elements. 
     FIG. 9 is a developed view of the J-slot employed in the lowermost packing unit. 
     FIGS. 10A and 10B collectively constitute a vertical quarter section view of a modified upper packing element in its run-in position. 
     FIGS. 11A and 11B are views similar to FIGS. 10A and 10B but with the upper packing element in a set position. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring to FIGS. 1A-1C of the drawings, there is shown one embodiment of the invention for effecting the concurrent supply of treatment fluid to four vertically spaced production zones with the amount of such treatment fluid supplied to each of the zones being respectively predetermined. 
     The apparatus embodying this invention is shown in FIGS. 1A-1C to comprise a tubular liner 10 which is suspended within the bottom portions of the well casing 1 by a conventional hanger 5 having slips 5a and 5b respectively engaged with the interior wall of casing 2. To minimize costs, the liner 10 is preferably of relatively small diameter, such as 2.5 inches ID. Liner 10 is fabricated by the threaded assemblage of tubular sections 10a, 10b, 10c, etc. . The liner is conventionally secured by threads 2e provided on the lower portion of the body 5d of the hanger 5. 
     After the liner is run into place by a conventional setting tool (not shown) which is engagable with internal lefthand threads (not shown) conventionally provided on an upper sleeve bore portion 5c of the hanger 5, and the hanger 5 is set in the bore of casing 2, a conventional cementing operation is provided to fill the annulus between the exterior of the liner 10 and the well bore with cement 6, thus preventing fluid communicatilon along the exterior of liner 10 between vertically spaced production zones P1, P2, and P3. A wireline perforating gun is then inserted in the bore of liner 10 and a plurality of vertically spaced sets of perforations 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d are produced in the wall of liner 10 and also passages 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d through the cement layer 6. 
     Because of the small diameter of liner 10, and the fact that such liner will be subjected to acid corrosion during the introduction of carbon dioxide as a treatment fluid for the production zones P1, P2, and P3, it becomes feasible to fabricate the liner sections 10a, 10b, 10c, etc. from a reinforced plastic such as fiberglass-reinforced plastic pipe. Such material is, of course, highly resistant to corrosion and has sufficient tensile strenth for the particular application so long as the diameter of the liner is small and the length of the liner is not excessive. 
     Since the treatment apparatus embodying this invention requires the setting of a packer in the bore of liner 10 at a position immediately above the lowermost set of perforations 11c, a metallic section 12 is threadably incorporated in the length of fiberglass-reinforced pipe as by conventional threaded connections 12a and 12b. The metallic liner section 12 is further provided with an internal annular locking groove 12c for the purpose of receiving the locking lugs of a packer unit 25 to be hereinafter described. 
     A tubular assemblage 20, which is conventionally secured at its upper end by threads 20f to a tubing string TS leading to the surface of the well, is then inserted in the bore of the liner 10. Tubular assemblage 20 includes a packer unit 25 which, as previously mentioned, is disposed near the bottom of the assemblage to cooperate with the locking groove 12c provided in the metallic section 12 of the liner. Packer 25 is provided with a plurality of peripherally spaced locking lugs 26 which are expandable into engagement with the locking groove 12c by an apparatus to be hereinafter described. Packer unit 25 further comprises an annular elastomeric packing element 27 which is expandable through the application of compressive force thereto to effect a sealing engagement of the annulus defined between the bore of the liner 10 and the exterior of the tubular assemblage 20. As will be described, packer unit 25 is set by the application of tension to the tubing string, and the expansion of packing element 27 effectively isolates the lowermost set of perforations 11d from the other perforations. 
     At locations immediately above the remaining sets of perforations 11a, 11b, and 11c, a packing unit 30 is mounted on the tubular assemblange 20 in a manner to be hereinafter described in detail, and incorporates an annular elastomeric sealing element 34 which is expandable into sealing engagement with the bore of the mandrel 10 through the application of tension to the tubing string. Thus each of the sets of perforations 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d are isolated from each other. 
     Immediately adjacent each of the sets of perforations 11a, 11b, and 11c, a plurality of peripherally spaced radial ports 21a, 21b, and 21c are respectively provided, thus providing communication between the perforations and thef internal bore 20a of the tubular assemblage 20. 
     Immediately below the ports 21a, 21b, and 21c, the tubulat assemblage 20a is provided with internal valve retention grooves 22a, 22b, and 22c, respectively. Such grooves mount a conventional adjustable flow valving unit 40 which is provided with axially spaced external seals 40a and 40b which straddle the radial ports 21a, 21b, or 21c as the case may be, and with radially outwardly biased retention dogs 40c which respectively engage the internal valve retention grooves 22a, 22b, and 22c. 
     The valve units 40 are a standard commercial unit, and may comprise, for example, the DANIEL RO-1-C valve which is sold by DANIEL EQUIPMENT. INC. of Houston, Texas. Valve 40 is provided with an internal adjustable orifice for dividing fluid flow through the valve into two components, namely an axial component and radial component, and the amount of fluid being diverted into the radial component and hencfe passing through the ports 21a, 21b or 21c and the respective sets of perforations 11a, 11b, and 11c, may be preselected prior to insertion of the valve into the tubular assemblage 20. Each valve 40 is provided with a fishing neck 40d by which the valve may be conveniently removed by wireline from the tubular assemblage 20 for adjustment of the radial flow rate, in the event that the initially selected adjustment is not satisfactory. The valves 40 can then be reinserted bu wireline, thus eliminating any necessity for pulling the entire tubing string to make adjustments to produce the proper flow rate into each of the respective production formations P1, P2, or P3. Since the valve 40 is a standard commercial item, further description of the structure of the valve is deemed unnecessary. 
     It will be noted that no orifice valve is provided for the lowermost set of perforations 11d. These perforations are supplied with treatment fluid by the residual axial flow. Adjustment of the initial flow rate of treatment fluid introduced into the tubing string will adjust the residual axial flow rate. 
     Referring now to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the detailed construction of the lowermost packing element 25 will now be described. As shown in the aforementioned figures of the drawings, the lowermost packing element 25 comprises a tubular inner body member 25a provided with internal threads 25b for convbentional securement to the bottom end of a sleeve 28 which extends upwardly to form part of thfe tubular assemblange 20 which is suspended at its top end from the main tubing string TS (FIG. 1A) extending to the well surface. The lower end of the tubllar inner body 25a is provided with external threads 25c which are engaged by the internally threaded upper end of a connecting sub 29. The lower end of connecting sub 29 is provided with internal threads 29a which are engaged with threads provided on the top end of an extension sleeve 28b which extends downwardly to a position adjacent the lowermost set of perforations 21c. 
     Surrounding the medial portion of the inner tubular body 25a is a lock support sleeve 25d. Lock support sleeve 25d is conventionally milled out to provide a plurality of peripherally spaced recesses 25e for respectively accommodating a plurality of locking elements 26. Each locking element is biased in a radially outward derection by a pair of leaf springs 26a and 26b which are suitably mounted to the lock-supporting sleeve by bolts 26c. Thus, when the lowermost packing element is run into the liner 10 and the lock elements 26 are positioned adjacent the annular locking recess 12c provided in the metallic insert 12 in the liner 10, the locking lugs 26 will be urged outwardly into engagement with locking recess 12c, but may be cammed otu of such engagement by the inclined surfaces 12d and 12e provided at the top and bottom ends of the locking recess 12c. Thus, the preferred initial run-in position of the lowermost packing unit 25 places the locking lugs 26 at a position slightly below the annular locking recess 12c as shown in FIG. 3A. 
     The lock support sleeve 25d is connected to the inner tubular body 25a for run-in purposes by an inwardly projecting J-pin 25g which is threadably mounted in the lock support sleeve 25d and cooperates with a J-slot 25h (FIG. 9) provided on the exterior surface of the inner tubular body 25a. In the run-in position, the J-pin 25g is engaged in the horizontial leg of the J-slot 25h and hence the lock support sleeve 25d moves concurrently with the tubular inner body 25a to the run-in position illustrated in FIG. 3A. 
     The tubing string is then rotated in a counter clockwise direction a sufficient amount to move the J-pin 25g into alignment with the vertically extending portion of the J-slot 25h and tension is then applied to the tubing string to elevate same and this brings the locking lugs 26 upwardly into alignment with the lock receiving recess 12c provided in the metallic liner section 12. The application of tension to the tubing string is continued, resulting in the upward movement of the tubular inner body 25a relative to the lock support sleeve 25d. Such upward movement brings an enlarged-diameter portion 25f of the tubular inner body into a portion adjacent the locking lugs 26 and prevents such locking lugs from being cammed out of the lock receiving recess 12c, thus effectively locking the lock support sleeve in a fixed axial position (FIG. 4A). 
     Below the lock support sleeve 25d, a pair of axially spaced abutment rings 27a and 27b are mounted on the tubular inner body 25a in axially spaced relationship, and respectively abut the top and bottom faces of the annular elastomeric sealing element 27. The upper abutment ring 27a is secured to the inner body 25a by shear screws 27c. The lower abutment ring 27b is shearably secured to the tubular inner body 25a by a shear ring 27d. When the locking lugs 26c are engaged with the annular locking recess 12c, the upper abutment ring 27a is in abutting engagement with the bottom end of the lock support sleeve 25d, and thus prevents further upward movement of the annular elastomeric sealing element 27 until shear screws 27c are severed. As the upward movement of the tubular inner body 25a then continues, the annular elastomeric seal element 27 is axially compressed and expands into sealing engagement with the bore 12f of the liner section 12 and the external surface 25k provided on the inner tubular body 25a, as illustrated in FIG. 4A. Thus, the packing element 25 is fully set and is not only anchored to the liner 10 by the locking lugs 26 but also effects a sealing engagement of the annulus between the bore of the liner 10 and the external surface of the tubular inner body 25a, thus isolating the lowermost set of perforations 11d from all of the other perforations. 
     In order to permit the tension applied through the tubing string to the lowermost packing element 25 to be relaxed, a body lock ring 35 is mounted in the bore of the top end portion of the lock support sleeve 25d. Such body lock ring cooperates with conventional wicker threads 25m provided on the top portion of the inner tubular body 25a. Thus, the tension may be released in the tubing string without effecting the unsetting of the lowermost packing element 25. 
     To effect the unsetting of the lowermost packing element 25, a substantially higher degree of tension is applied to the inner tubular body 25a than required to effect the setting of the lowermost packing element 2k. This degree of tension is selected to exceed the shear strength of thfe shear ring 27d which holds the lower abutment ring 27b in compressing relationship with respect to the annular elastomeric element 27. Once the shear ring 27d separates, the lower abutment ring 27b is free to move downwardly and thus remive the compressive forces on the annular elastomeric sealing element 27 (FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C). Upward movement of the tubing string will then bring a second smaller diameter surface 25k of the inner tubular body 25a into alignment with the inner faces of the locking lugs 26. Such locking lugs will be cammed out of the locking recess 12c by an inclined upper shoulder 12d, thus releasing the lowermost packing element 25 from its locked relation with respect to the liner section 12. All of the outer components of the lowermost packing assembly 25 are then removable from the well with the inner tubular body portion 25a through the engagement of the top surface 29b of the connecfting sub 29 with the shear ring 27d. 
     Referring now to FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C there is shown in enlarged detail the construction of the upper packing elements 30. Such units comprise an upper connecting sub 31 having internal threads 31a for connection to either the bottom of the tubing string (not shown) or the botton of a tubing element forming part of the tubular assemblage 20. Connecting sub 31 is provided with internal threads 31b by which it is connected to the upper end of an axially split, two-piece mandrel assemblage 32. The threaded connection is sealed by an O-ring 31b and secured by a set screw 31c. The upper piece 31a has a bottom end surface 32c a(FIG. 6B) lying in abutment with the top end surface 32d of the lower mandrel portion 32b. Immediately adjacent the abutting surfaces 32c and 32d, the top and bottom sections 32a and 32b are both provided with an annular recess 32e. A shear ring 32f is contoured to engage both annular recesses 32e and thus secure the upper and lower mandrel pieces 32a and 32b for co-movement. Shear ring 32f may be fabricated as a split C-ring construction in order to facilitate assemblage. 
     The lower portion of lower mandrel portion 32b is radially enlarged as indicated at 32p and such lower portion mounts an O-ring 32g which sealable engages the external surface of a connecting sleeve 33. Connecting sleeve 33 has an enlarged-diameter lower portion 33a which is provided with external threads 33b for engagement with the next tubing portion of the tubular assemblage 20. 
     The radially enlarged portion 32p of the lower mandrel piece 32b abuts the bottom face of an annular elastomeric sealing element 34. The upper face of the annular elastomeric sealing element 34 is abutted by the bottom end face 36a of a compressing sleeve 36. Sleeve 36 mounts a plurality of peripherally spaced, inwardly projecting bolts 36a each of which extends through a vertical slot 32h provided in the lower mandrel piece 32b and engages a recess 33c formed in the medial portions of the connecting sleeve 33. The top end of connecting sleeve 33 mounts an O-ring 33d which is desposed in sealing relationship with the internal surface of the upper mandrel piece 32a . 
     The top end of the compression sleeve 36 is shearably secured to the bottom end of the connecting sub 31 by a plurality of peripherally spaced shear screws 31d. Additionally, the compression sleeve 32 conventionally mounts a body lock ring 37 which is engagable with wicker threads 32m provided on the exterior of the upper mandrel piece 32a . 
     The operation of the upper packing units 30 may now be described. FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C illustrate the run-in position of the elements wherein they are disposed in the manner heretofore described. After setting of the lowermost packing unit 25, any tensile forces imparted to the lowermost packing unit must pass through the upper packing elements 30. When such tension reaches a degree to effect thef shearing of shear bolts 31d, the severance of such shear bolts permits the mandrel assemblage 32 to move upwardly relative to the compression sleeve 36 and thus effect an axial compression of the annular elastomeric sealing element 34, causing such element to radially expand to seal the annulus between the bore of the liner 10 and the external surface 32n of the lower mandrel piece 32b (FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C). The sealing of the annulus is completed by O-ring seal 32g below the elastomeric sealing elemefnt 34 and O-ring seal 33d above the elastomeric sealing element 34. Upward movement of the compression sleeve 36 is prevented by the bolts 36b which traverse the vertically extending slots 32h  provided in the lower mandrel piece 32b. 
     When the desired degree of expansion of the annular elastomeric sealing element 34 has been accomplished, the body lock ring 37 will prevent any return movement of the mandrel in a downward direction to release the compressive forces on the annular elastomeric sealing element 34. Thus, the elements of the upper packing units 30 assume the configuration illustrated in FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C. 
     Each upper packing unit 30 may be unset through the application of a tension force through the tubing string substantially greater than the force required to effect the setting of such packing unit. Such force should be sufficient to effect the separation of the shear ring 32f, which effects the immediate release of the lower mandrel piece 32b, thus removing the compressive force on the annular elastomeric sealing element 34 (FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C). 
     The shear strength of the shear ring 32f should be less than that required to effect the shearing of the shear ring 27d of the lowermost packer unit 25. The lowermost packer unit 25 must remain in an anchored position relative to the liner 10 until all of the shear rings 32f of the upper packing elements 30 are sheared to unset each of the upper packing elements 30 prior to unsetting of the lowermost packing element 25, which provides the required resistance to tension applied through the tubing string to effect the shearing of the unsetting shear rings 32f of the upper packing elements 30. 
     Those skilled in the art will recognize that the aforedescribed method and apparatus provides an unusually simple and economical solution to the problem of concurrently supplying treatment fluid, be it liquid or gas, to a plurality of vertically spaced production zones traversed by a well bore. Not only is such treatment fluid concurrently applied, to all production zones, but the amount or flow rate of the treatment fluid supplied to each of the production zones may be selectively adjusted. 
     Referring now to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D there is shown a modification of this invention which is useful whenever the interior diameter of the casing 1 is large enough to accommodate a conventional side pocker mandrel in the tubing string. Referring to these drawings, wherein similar numbers indicate components similar to those previously described, it will be noted that the liner 10 is identical to that previously described and is suspended from the hanger 5 in the same manner as described. The tubular assemblage 20, however, is now connected at its upper end by threads 20f to a lower inner portion 60a of a conventional side pocket mandrel 60. Side pocket mandrel 60 is in turn connected in series relationship to the lower end of the tubing string (not shown). An extension sleeve 62 connected by threads 62a to the outer bottom end of the side pocket mandrel 60 and sleeve 62 is provided at its bottom end with a radially thickened portion 62b in which are mounted a plurality of axially spaced seals 62c. Seals 62c effect a sealing engagement with the extension sleeve 5c provided on the hanger 5. Thus the side pocket mandrel 60 may move axially with respect to the hanger 5, but maintains sealing engage,ent with the bore of the extension sleeve 5c. 
     Side pocket mandrel 60 is provided with a conventional interior side pocket 65 within which is conventionally mounted an adjustable axial flow-controlling valve 70. Such valve is entirely conventional and may comprise the DANIEL RO-1-C valve sold by DANIEL EQUIPMENT, INC. Houston, Texas, but midified with respect to the same valve utilized in the midifications of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C to provide an adjustable axial flow outlet instead of a radial flow outlet. Thus the treatment fluid introduced through the tubing string will be divided by the adjustable flow valve 70 into an inner axile component which proceeds down the bore 20a of the tubular assemblage 20, and a second axially flowing component which proceeds down the annulus 20g defined between the exterior of the tubular assemblage 20 and the internal bores of the hanger 5 and the liner 10. 
     In this modification, the uppermost packing element 30 which was previously disposed above the uppermost set of perforations is eliminated and the axial flow component of treatment fluid enters the perforations 11a directly from the annular flow passage 20g. The amount of this flow is adjustable by adjustment of the adjustable flow valve 70. For this purpose, the adjustable flow valve 70 is is provided with a fishing neck 70a by which the valve may be conveniently retrieved by wireline for adjustment purposes and then reinserted in the side pocket 65 of the side pocket mandrel 60. 
     It will be noted that the annular flow passage 20g is sealed off at its lower end by the packing element 30 sealably located in such annulus above the next set of perforations 11b. 
     The modification of FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C is particularly useful whenever only tow or three perforating zones are to be concurrently treated. With such arrangement, the adjustable flow valve 70 may be directly removed by wireline for adjustment purposes. In contrast, in the modification of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C, it is necessary to remove any flow valves 40 located above the particular valve requiring adjustment before that valve can be reached by wireline and removed for adjustment purposes. 
     The modification of FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D incorporates a lower packer unit 25 which is set above the lowermost set of perforations in the same manner as described in the modification of 1A, 1B, and 1C, as well as upper packing units 30. Bothe the packer unit 25 and all upper packing units 30 are set through the application of tension through the tubing string in the manner previously described. 
     Referring now to FIGS. 10A, 10B, 11A, and 11B, there is shown a modified construction of a packing unit 100. Unit 100 incorporates an upper tubular body member 102 having internal threads 102a for conventional engagement with the tubular assemblage 20. The lower end of the tubular body 102 is provided with internal threads 102b which are threadably engaged with an abutment sleeve 104. Abutment sleeve 104 secures a shear ring 106 in a radially projecting position immediately below the end of the body sleeve 102. 
     An inner body sleeve 110 is mounted in concentric telescopic relationship to body sleeve 102 and is provided at its lower end with external threads 110a for securement to the next section of the tubular body assemblage 102. An O-ring seal 112 is provided on the exterior of the inner body member 110 adjacent the upper end of such body member and a second O-ring 114, which is on somewhat larger diameter is secured to a medial portion of the inner body member 110. Such seals engage the bore surfaces 102c and 102d of the inner body member 102 in slidable and sealable relationship. 
     An annular elastomeric seal 120 surrounds the lower portions of the outer body member 102. A seal compressor sleeve 122 also surrounds the lower end of the outer tubular body 102 and is secured by internal threads 122a to the top end of a shear pin ring 124. Shear pin ring 124 slidably surrounds the exterior of the inner tubular body 110 and is provided with one or more radially inwardly projecting shear screws 126 which engage an annular groove 110c provided on the exterior of the inner tubular body 110. 
     An abutment sleeve 130 is mounted in surrounding relationship to the upper portions of the outer tubular body 102 and is secured in a fixed axial position relative to the inner tubular body 110 by one or more radially disposed bolts 132 which are threadably secured in the abutment sleeve 130 but project through axially extending slots 102e formed in the outer tubular body 102. The anchor bolts 132 snugly engage an annular groove 110d formed in the upper portions of the inner tubular body 110. 
     Assuming that the lower end of the tubular body assembly is anchored by a lower packing element in the manner heretofor described, the exertion of an upward tensile force on the outer tubular body 102 will first effect a shearing of the shear screws 126, thus permitting the outer tubular body 102 to move upwardly relative to the inner tubular body 110 and the abutment sleeve 130. The compression sleeve 122 is therefore carried upwardly by the outer tubular body 102 and effects a compression of the annular elastomeric seal element 120 into sealing engagement with the adjacent wall of the fiberglass reinforced liner 10, as illustrated in FIGS. 11A and 11B, thus setting the upper packing element 100. The packing element is retained in a set position through the co-operation of a body lock ring 140 which is conventially mounted between internally projecting threads 130b formed on the interior of the abutment sleeve 130 and wicker threads 102f formed on the exterior of the outer tubular body 102. Thus, tension can be relieved on the outer tubular body 102. and the packer will remain in its set, sealed relationship with the bore of the thermoplastic liner 10. 
     To unset the mosified upper packer 100, it is only necessary to apply a greater degree of tension than that employed in setting the packer. Such larger tensile force will effect the shearing of the shear ring 106 and thus immediately permit the compression sleeve 120 to shift downwardly to relax the compressive forces on the annular elastomeric seal element 120. All of the elements of the packer can then be removed with the tubing assemblage 20, if desired. 
     Although the invention has been described in terms of specified embodiments which are set forth in detail, it should be understood that this is by illustration only and that the invention is not necessarily limited thereto, since alternative embodiments and operating techniques will become apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the disclosure. Accordingly, modifications are contemplated which can be made without departing from the spirit of the described invention.