Pumping device using pressurized gas
This is a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 819,683 filed on Jan. 17, 1986, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a pump which is suitable for pumping liquids such as water and oil from boreholes and the like. This pump operates by using relatively low gas pressure to elevate liquids from either shallow depths or relatively large depths. 
     Several different pumps are available to pump oil and water. The most widely used method for pumping oil is by using a jackpump connected to rods and tubings. Methods using air to propel liquids to the surface are air lift pumps, compressed air centrifugal pumps, and air pumps which require pressures sufficient to overcome the hydrostatic head of the liquid in the hole. 
     Jackpumps are relatively expensive, bulky, and because of the weight of the unit, a crane or hoist is necessary when the unit is installed and removed when servicing. Usually, these units are powered by electric motors, and the efficiency of lifting oil by this unit in the field is very low, usually less than one percent. 
     The air lift system is simple in use, but it depends on the relative densities of liquid and/or air-liquid mixture and for deeper wells, the required pressure and volume of air is quite large. Also, the air in this system often emulsifies the oil. A typical air lift system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 759,706. Anthony et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,092,087 also discusses a very complicated air operated pump, where compressed gas or air in the range of 25-350 PSI is utilized with a large float to cause the pump to force the fluid up a tube. This complicated construction is obviously quite expensive. 
     Air pumps have been designed such that the liquid passes through a ball valve located on the bottom of the pump tank. U.S. Pat. No. 919,416 to Boulicault and Japanese Pat. No. 56-81299 by Nakayama discuss such a system with an air tube connected to the top of the tank and a liquid discharge tube extending to the bottom of the tank. After the tank fills with liquid flowing through the bottom ball valve, air pressure is applied to the air tube which closes the bottom valve and forces the contents of the liquid up the discharge tube. If the liquid level is several hundred feet or more above the pump, considerable air pressure is necessary to overcome the hydrostatic level of the liquid to close the bottom valve and even greater pressure is required to force the liquid to the surface. McLean et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,647,319 employs a similar method with the addition of a ball valve in the liquid discharge tube to prevent the liquid in the discharge line from returning to the tank of the pump. This unit requires rather large air pressure to elevate liquid from deeper wells. In column 3 of their patent, they state that full discharge will occur from any depth within range of 0 to 300 feet. At a depth of 1,000 feet below the top of the fluid, a pressure of about 460 PSI and a large air volume will be required to discharge water from that borehole. 
     OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     It is one object of the present invention to provide a pump which will overcome the various limitations referred to above and will be capable of pumping fluid from either shallow or deeper wells using relatively low gas pressure. 
     It is another object to provide a pump which is very efficient at depths over 1,000 feet when compared to pumps in use today. 
     It is still another object to provide a pump having low construction cost and having minimal maintenance upkeep. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with one form of this invention, there is provided a fluid pumping device having an enclosure which is adapted to be placed downhole in a well containing fluid. A first hollow tube extends into the enclosure for receiving fluid as it is pumped out of the enclosure and up and out of the well. A second hollow tube extends into the enclosure for forcing a gas therein. The first and second tubes each have an opening therein inside of the enclosure. The enclosure also has an opening for permitting fluid to enter. A mechanism is provided for mechanically forcing the closing of the opening in the enclosure. A mechanism is further provided for closing the opening in the first tube. Thus, a column of fluid may be intermittently forced from the enclosure through the first tube and out of the well. In another form of applicants&#39; invention, a funnel is connected near the opening in the first tube for preventing substantial fluid turbulence around the opening in the first tube. The funnel may include a plurality of holes therein, permitting the fluid to pass through. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the pump unit taken on a plane containing the longitudinal axis thereof, showing the two bottom ball valves in normal position. 
     FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the bottom section of the pump unit illustrated in FIG. 1. This illustrates the bottom two ball valves, the elements of the air cylinder, and an inverted funnel extending from the center discharge tube to the inner wall of the pump tank. 
     FIG. 3 is a top view of the funnel around the center tube to illustrate the holes through which fluid passes between the upper part of the pump tank and the lower part of the pump. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     According to the present invention, it is proposed to provide a pump unit as illustrated in FIG. 1. An air inlet 1 is connected to the top of the pump and connects to an air supply above the borehole and located at the central control box. A liquid discharge tube 2 extends through the top of the pump unit down to near the bottom of the pump tank. The top of the liquid discharge tube goes to a tank usually located at ground elevation. The wall 3 of the pump tank can be made of plastic or metal, but it must withstand the differential pressures without substantial flexing. The ball valve 15 prevents the liquid from entering the air inlet tube 1. The top plate or mold 14 is attached to the top of the cylinder of the tank. The valve 3 at the bottom of the liquid discharge tube 2 is normally closed. Rod 6 is connected to an air operated cylinder consisting of an water inlet 9, rod 6, low friction plunger 7, a spring 10, and a wall 16. The wall 16 of the cylinder must be rather rigid to withstand large presssures without flexing. Valve 4 is the bottom valve; when it is open, it allows liquid to enter the tank from the borehole. It is understood that two valves may be placed in series in place of one valve at the bottom to reduce the chances of malfunction and to keep air from the borehole. An inverted funnel 5 with slots attached controls the path of fluid flow between the top of the pump tank and the lower portion of the pump tank. The semi-ball shaped object used to close valve 3 is mechanically attached to the semi-ball shaped object used to close valve 4. Rod 6 is attached to the semi-ball shaped ends and is attached to the plunger in the air cylinder. This air operated cylinder is attached to the base plate 12 of the pump tank. A small diameter air line (not shown) from the surface is connected to the air inlet 8 of the cylinder and air pressure in this line causes the plunger to move down and the rod 6 pulls the semi-ball object down to open valve 3 and to close valve 4. When air pressure is reduced in the cylinder by venting the air line to atmospheric air to the ground surface, the spring in the cylinder forces rod 6 up to close valve 3 and open valve 4. A liquid sensor 11 is mounted inside the tank near the top of the tank. Another liquid sensor 17 is mounted outside of the tank and above the top of the tank. Electrical leads extend from each of these sensors to the control unit (not shown), which is usually located above ground. The control unit is of a type known to those skilled in the art, and its description is not important in the understanding of this invention. 
     In order that said invention may be clearly understood, a detailed description will be given for the pump operating at a depth of 1,000 feet from the top of the ground and with 800 feet of oil above the pump. Only for example, consider a pump which has a tubular shaped tank with dimensions of three inches inner diameter and a length of eight feet and a liquid discharge tube with inner diameter of one inch. The fluid in the tank will produce a column of fluid in the one inch discharge tube about 65 feet in length. The head pressure for a column of oil 65 feet deep is about 27 PSI. 
     The pumping cycle will be as follows: 
     With the rod 6 of the air cylinder in the up or normal position and the pump submerged in liquid in the borehole, the liquid will flow from the borehole up through the bottom valve of the pump tank and through ports in item 5 to fill the tank. When liquid fills to liquid level sensor 11, an electrical signal causes the control unit above ground to provide pressure through air inlet 8 of the air cylinder. Because the pump is located 800 feet below the top of the oil, the pressure at the bottom of the tank is about 330 PSI. If the bottom valve has a diameter of three-quarters inch, the rod must apply a force of 146 pounds to close valve 4. A three inch plunger 7 in the air cylinder will provide sufficient mechanical advantage such that only about 22 PSI must be applied to the air cylinder to close valve 4. 
     After valve 4 is closed, compressed air provided by an air tank located at the surface provides air through a second air line to air inlet 1 to open the one way valve 15 and pressurize the top of the tank. This forces liquid through the ports in item 5 and through open valve 3 and up the liquid discharge tube 2. The purpose of the lower open ports in item 5 is to provide for better uniform flow through valve 3 and into the liquid discharge tube 2. If a pressure of 60 PSI or greater is pushing this 65 feet column of oil up the liquid discharge tube 2, this oil shoots up as a column all the way to the top of the borehole. After this column of oil has exited the discharge tube, the controls at the top of the ground vents air tube 1 and liquid discharge 2 to the atmosphere; therefore, tube 1, tube 2, and the pump tank all return to atmospheric pressure. After these are near atmospheric pressure, the valves connecting air line tube 1 and the liqid discharge tube 2 are closed. If liquid sensor 17 indicates fluid is of sufficient height to pump, then a valve is opened to allow the air line connected to air inlet 8 to allow the pressure in the cylinder to be reduced to such an extent that the spring pushes rod 6 up to close valve 3 and open valve 4. The cycle is now ready to be repeated. 
     Although the pump may be operated by automatic timer controls, liquid sensors 11 and 17 will enable actions to occur at the most appropriate time for greater pumping efficiencies. Sensor 17 also informs one whether the level is sufficient for pumping action. If sensor 17 indicates liquid is above that level and yet no liquid is being pumped, one then knows that the pumping unit is not operating properly. 
     Pump units of different sizes and shapes may be used with any air pulse supply unit which is available. This pump is relatively easy to assemble and is relatively cheap to make and in the event of its loss down a borehole, or damage, the cost of replacement is small compared to other pumping units. It is also possible to installan air pulse system at one central location above ground and to operaete several pumps from this one air supply and control unit. 
     It should be understood that the foregoing disclosure relates to only preferred embodiments of the invention and that it is intended to cover all changes and modifications of the invention herein chosen for the purposes of the disclosure which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention.