Herbicidal tetrahydro(thio)pyran-2,4-dione derivatives
The present invention relates to novel tetrahydro(thio)pyran-2,4-diones, herbicidal and plant growth-regulating agents containing these novel active ingredients, and processes for combating unwanted plant growth and for regulating plant growth. 
     It is known that tetrahydro(thio)pyran-2,4-dione oxime ether derivatives have a herbicidal action on monocotyledonous plants. Examples are tetrahydropyran-2,4-diones bearing aliphatic or aromatic substituents in the 6-position (GB-A-2 140 803; EP-A-0 164 056). 
     We have now found novel tetrahydro(thio)pyran-2,4-dione derivatives which have a good herbicidal action, particularly on grass species. 
     The formula of these tetrahydro(thio)pyran-2,4-diones is ##STR2## where R 1  is hydrogen, a cation, C 1  -C 10  -alkylcarbonyl, C 2  -C 10  -alkenylcarbonyl, or benzoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted in the phenyl ring by C 1  -C 8  -alkyl, R 2  is C 1  -C 5  -alkyl, R 3  is a non-aromatic, unsubstituted or C 1  -C 3  -alkyl-substituted heterocyclic compound of 5 to 7 ring members and having at most one double bond in the heterocyclic ring which contains up to two hetero-atoms selected from the group consisting of sulfur and oxygen, X is oxygen or sulfur, and Z is oxygen or the radical NO--R 4 , R 4  denoting C 1  -C 4  -alkyl, C 3  -C 4  -alkenyl, C 3  -C 4  -alkynyl, C 2  -C 4  -haloalkyl, C 2  -C 4  -haloalkenyl, C 2  -C 3  -alkoxyalkyl or the radical CH 2  --R 5 , where R 5  is a heterocyclic compound of 5 ring members and containing from 1 to 3 hetero-atoms, the number of nitrogen atoms being at most three, the number of oxygen atoms being at most two and the number of sulfur atoms being at most one, said heterocyclic compound containing from 0 to 2 double bonds and bearing either no substituents or one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1  -C 4  -alkyl, C 1  -C 4  -alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, C 1  -C 4  -alkoxymethyl, C 1  -C 4  -alkylthiomethyl and vinyl, or R 5  is phenyl which is unsubstituted or bears from one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1  -C 4  -alkyl, C 1  -C 4  -alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro and C 1  -C 4  -dialkylamino. 
     The tetrahydro(thio)pyran-2,4-dione derivatives of the formula I in which Z is NO--R 4  have a good herbicidal action, whereas the tetrahydro(thio)pyran-2,4-dione derivatives of the formula I in which Z is oxygen preferentially exhibit growth-regulating properties. 
     The compounds of the formula I may occur in several tautomeric forms, all of which are encompassed by the claims. For example, the compounds in which R 1  is H and Z is NO--R 4  may occur in the following tautomeric forms: ##STR3## Where R 4  is C 2  -C 4  -haloalkyl or -alkenyl, these radicals contain from 1 to 4 halogen atoms. Where R 4  is C 3  -C 4  -alkenyl or C 2  -C 4  -haloalkenyl, the claims encompass both isomers in those cases in which E- and Z-isomers may occur. 
     In formula I, R 1  may denote hydrogen, C 1  -C 10  -alkylcarbonyl, preferably C 1  -C 4  -alkylcarbonyl, C 2  -C 10  -alkenylcarbonyl, preferably C 2  -C 4  -alkenylcarbonyl such as acetyl, propionyl, acroyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, pivaloyl, valeroyl, 2-ethylhexanoyl, caproyl, caprynoyl, lauryl, palmitoyl, stearoyl and oleoyl, R 1  may further denote benzoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C 1  -C 8  -alkyl, preferably C 1  -C 4  -alkyl, such as 4-methylbenzoyl, 4-hexylbenzoyl and benzoyl. Alkenylcarbonyl radicals which have only one C--C double bond are preferred. 
     In formula I, R 2  denotes for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl or pentyl. 
     In formula I, R 3  denotes a non-aromatic heterocyclic compound having 5 to 7 members and at most one double bond. The number of hetero-atoms is restricted to a maximum of two selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur. These heterocyclic radicals may be substituted by C 1  -C 3  -alkyl. Examples of meanings for R 3  are C 1  -C 3  -alkyl-substituted tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyranyl, 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl or 1,3-dioxepanyl, such as tetrahydropyran-3-yl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl, tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl, tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl, 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl, 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl, 1,4-dioxanyl, 5,6-dihydro-2H-2,6-dimethylpyran-3-yl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl, and 2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl. 
     When Z is NO--R 4 , R 4  denotes, for example C 1  -C 4  -alkyl, C 3  -C 4  -alkenyl, C 3  -C 4  -alkynyl, C 2  -C 4  -haloalkyl or C 2  -C 4  -haloalkenyl, each having preferably from 1 to 3 halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of fluorine and chlorine, or C 2  -C 3  -alkoxyalkyl, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, allyl, (E)-but-2-en-1-yl, propargyl, 2-chloroallyl, (E)-3-chloroprop-1-enyl, 3-fluoropropyl and 2-methoxyethyl, or R 4  is the radical CH 2  --R 5 , R 5  denoting a 5-membered heterocyclic compound having 1 to 3 hetero-atoms and 0, 1 or 2 double bonds. These hetero-atoms may be nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen atoms, the number of nitrogen atoms being at most three, the number of oxygen atoms being at most two and the number of sulfur atoms being at most one. These heterocyclic radicals are unsubstituted or bear up to two substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1  -C 4  -alkyl, C 1  -C 4  -alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, C 1  -C 4  -alkoxymethyl, C 1  -C 4  -alkylthiomethyl and vinyl. R 5  may also be phenyl which is unsubstituted or bears up to three substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1  -C 4  -alkyl, C 1  -C 4  -alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, nitro and C 1  -C 4  -dialkylamino. Examples of R 5  are p-fluorophenyl, phenyl, thien-2-yl, m-trifluoromethylphenyl, p-nitrophenyl, and 5-chlorothien-2-yl. 
     Examples of suitable salts of compounds of the formula I (R 1  =cation) are agriculturally useful salts such as alkali metal salts, especially potassium and sodium salts, alkaline earth metal salts, especially calcium, manganese, copper, zinc and iron salts, ammonium, sulfonium, sulfoxonium and phosphonium salts, for example ammonium, tetraalkylammonium, benzyltrialkylammonium, trialkylsulfoxonium and trialkylsulfonium salts. 
     Preferred tetrahydro(thio)pyran-2,4-dione derivatives of the formula I are those in which R 2  is C 2  -C 3  -alkyl. Compounds of the formula I in which X is oxygen are also preferred. 
     Tetrahydro(thio)pyran-2,4-dione derivatives of the formula I in which Z is NOR 4  may be obtained by reaction of tetrahydro(thio)pyan-2,4-dione derivatives of the formula I in which Z is oxygen with an ammonium compound of the formula [R 4  O--NH 3  ]Y, where R 4  has the above meanings and Y is an anion (chloride, bromide or sulfate). 
     The reaction is advantageously carried out in the heterogeneous phase in an inert solvent and at a temperature of from 0° to 80° C., or from 0° C. to the boiling point of the reaction mixture in the presence of a base. Examples of suitable bases are carbonates, bicarbonates, acetates, alcoholates, hydroxides and oxides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, especially sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide. Organic bases such as pyridine and tertiary amines may also be used. The base is employed in amounts of from 0.5 to 2 moles, based on the ammonium compound (DE-A-3 433 767). 
     Examples of suitable solvents are dimethyl sulfoxide; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol; toluene; hydrocarbons and chlorohydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, hexane and cyclohexane; esters such as ethyl acetate; and ethers such as dioxane and tetrahydrofuran. 
     Tetrahydro(thio)pyran-2,4-dione derivatives of the formula I in which Z is oxygen are obtained in conventional manner by reacting tetrahydro(thio)pyran-2,4-dione derviatives of the formula ##STR4## where R 1  is hydrogen and R 3  and X have the above meanings, with acid chlorides of the formula R 2  --COCl, where R 2  has the above meanings, in the presence of a base (e.g., triethylamine) and an inert diluent (e.g., tetrahydrofuran) to give the enol ester, and treating it with an acidic or basic catalyst in an inert solvent (e.g., ethyl acetate, toluene) at from 0° to 100° C. (JP-A-63052/79). Examples of acidic or basic catalysts are aluminum chloride, iron chloride, imidazole derivatives, e.g., imidazole, and pyridine derivatives, e.g., dimethylaminopyridine. 
     For the manufacture of the compounds of the formula II several processes are known from the literature: 
     (a) Reaction of a 4-bromo-3-methoxycrotonate of the formula III, R denoting methyl, ethyl or propyl, with an aldehyde of the formula R 3  --CHO, R 3  having the above meanings, in an inert solvent (e.g., chlorine, tetrahydrofuran, benzene) in the presence of zinc (J. Heterocyclic Chem., 21, 1755, 1984). 
     (b) Reaction of diketene with an aldehyde of the formula R 3  --CHO, R 3  having the above meanings, in an inert solvent (e.g., dichloromethane) with a Lewis acid (e.g., titanium tetrachloride) as catalyst (Chem. Letters, 1975, 101). 
     (c) Reaction of the dianion of an ethyl acetoacetate of the formula IV, R denoting methyl, ethyl or propyl, with an aldehyde of the formula R 3  --CHO, R 3  having the above meanings, in an inert solvent, e.g., tetrahydrofuran (Angew. Chem., 86, 40, 1974). ##STR5## Compounds of the formula IIa below in which R 1  is hydrogen and X is sulfur and R 3  has the above meanings are obtained by reacting vinyl ketones of the formula V, R 3  having the above meanings, with dialkylammonium dithiocarbamates of the formula VI in an inert solvent (e.g., dimethylformamide, chlorobenzene, xylene, toluene) at from 80° to 100° C. The dihydrothiopyran derivative of the formula VII which is formed is converted by treatment with an aqueous solution (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide into the tetrahydrothiopyran-2,4-dione derivatives of the formula IIa in which R 1  is hydrogen and R 3  has the above meanings (Monatshefte f. Chem., 113, 1983, 1982, and 111, 1175, 1980). ##STR6## 
     The α,β-unsaturated compounds of the formulae III and V may be present as cis and trans isomers. 
     Aldehydes of the formula R 3  --CHO are obtained by conventional methods, e.g., by oxidation of alcohols, reduction of carboxylic acid derivatives or hydroformylation of olefins. 
    
    
     MANUFACTURING EXAMPLE 
     (a) Methyl 5-hydroxy-3-oxo-5-(tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl)-pentanoate 
     6.6 g of sodium hydride (80%) is added to 400 ml of tetrahydrofuran and the mixture is cooled to 0° C. At this temperature, 24.4 g of methyl acetoacetate is dripped in, the resulting mixture is stirred for 15 minutes, then 137.5 ml of a 1.6 molar butyllithium solution in hexane is dripped in and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. At from 0° to 3° C., 26 g of tetrahydrothiopyran-3-carboaldehyde is dripped in and the mixture stirred for a further 30 minutes to complete the reaction. To this end, 45 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid is carefully dripped in. The cold reaction mixture is poured into 250 ml of ice water and the organic phase is separated. The aqueous phase is extracted twice, each time with 250 ml of methyl tert-butyl ether. The combined organic extracts are washed once with 300 ml of saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated in a rotary evaporator. There is obtained 48.1 g of an oil which is used immediately for further reaction. 
     (b) 5-(Tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl)-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione 
     48 g of methyl 5-hydroxy-3-oxo-5-(tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl)-pentanoate is stirred for 16 hours in 300 ml of 5% strength sodium hydroxide solution. The aqueous solution is purified by extracting twice with 250 ml of toluene. While cooling with ice, the aqueous phase is acidified to pH 1 with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The precipitate is suction filtered and stirred with ether. The residue is suction filtered and dried. There is obtained 27 g of a solid which melts at 91° to 93° C. 
     (c) 3-Propionyl-5-(tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl)-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione 
     2.4 g of triethylamine is added to 5 g of 5-(tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl)-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione in 50 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. At 0° C., 2.2 g of propionyl chloride is dripped in and the mixture is stirred for 12 hours at room temperature. The mixture is then diluted with 150 ml of water, and the aqueous phase is separated and extracted with 100 ml of ether. The combined organic phases are washed once with ice-cold 5% strength hydrochloric acid and once with water, and dried with magnesium sulfate, and the solvent is removed. The oily residue is dissolved in 50 ml of anhydrous toluene, 0.3 g of 3-dimethylaminopyridine is added, and the mixture is stirred at 80° C. for 2 hours. After cooling, extraction is carried out twice with 25 ml of hydrochloric acid and twice with 25 ml of water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in a rotary evaportor. The residue is chromatographed with methylene chloride on silica gel. There is obtained 1.8 g of the desired compound. 
     (d) 3-(1-Ethoxyiminopropyl)-5-(tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl)-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione (compound no. 36 in Table 1) 
     0.6 g of sodium bicarbonate and subsequently 0.7 g of ethoxyamine hydrochloride are added to a solution of 1.6 g of 3-propionyl-5-(tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl)-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione in 25 ml of anhydrous methanol. The reaction mixture is stirred for 12 hours at room temperature and then evaporated to dryness. The residue is taken up in 50 ml of methylene chloride, and washed once with water, twice with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and again with water. The organic phase is dried with sodium sulfate and the solvent is stripped off. There is obtained 0.8 g of oxime ether. 
     The compounds of the formula I given in the following tables may be obtained analogously. 
     
                                           TABLE 1                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
 ##STR7##                                             (Ia)                
                                                Physical                  
No. R.sup.3             R.sup.2                                           
                            R.sup.1                                       
                                 R.sup.4        data                      
__________________________________________________________________________
1   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    ethyl                                    
2   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    allyl                                    
3   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)3-chloroallyl                         
4   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)2-butenyl                             
5   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    thien-2-ylmethyl                         
6   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                 
7   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    p-fluoromethylphenylmethyl               
8   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    m-trifluoromethylphenylmethyl            
9   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    p-nitrophenylmethyl                      
10  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            acetyl                                        
                                 allyl                                    
11  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            acetyl                                        
                                 (E)3-chloroallyl                         
12  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            acetyl                                        
                                 p-fluorophenylmethyl                     
13  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 allyl                                    
14  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 (E)3-chloroallyl                         
16  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    ethyl          NMR: 4.1-4.3, m;          
                                                4.05-4.2, q;              
                                                3.8-4.0, m;               
                                                1.25-1.4, t;              
                                                0.8-1.1, t;               
17  tetrahydrpyran-3-yl propyl                                            
                            H    allyl                                    
18  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)3-chloroallyl                         
19  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)2-butenyl                             
20  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    thien-2-ylmethyl                         
21  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                 
22  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-fluorophenylmethyl                     
23  tetrahydropyran     propyl                                            
                            H    m-trifluoromethylphenylmethyl            
24  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-nitrophenylmethyl                      
25  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            acetyl                                        
                                 ethyl                                    
26  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            acetyl                                        
                                 allyl                                    
27  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            acetyl                                        
                                 methoxymethyl                            
28  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 ethyl                                    
29  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 allyl                                    
30  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 2-methoxyethyl                           
31  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        pentyl                                            
                            H    ethyl                                    
32  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        pentyl                                            
                            H    allyl                                    
33  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        pentyl                                            
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
34  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        pentyl                                            
                            acetyl                                        
                                 ethyl                                    
35  tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                  
                        pentyl                                            
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 ethyl                                    
36  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    ethyl          NMR: 1.19, t;             
                                                1.36, t; 4.13, q;         
                                                4.2-4.3, m;               
37  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    allyl                                    
                                                NMR: 1.19, t;             
                                                4.15-4.3, m; 4.56,        
                                                d; 5.3-5.5, m;            
                                                5.9-6.1, m                
38  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
                                                NMR; 6.0-6.4, m;          
                                                4.45-4.55, d;             
                                                4.15-4.3, m;              
                                                1.1-1.2 d                 
39  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-2-butenyl                            
40  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    thien-2-ylmethyl                         
41  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                 
42  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    p-fluorophenylmethyl                     
43  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    m-trifluoromethylphenylmethyl            
44  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    p-nitrophenylmethyl                      
45  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            acetyl                                        
                                 allyl                                    
46  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            acetyl                                        
                                 (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
47  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            acetyl                                        
                                 p-fluorophenylmethyl                     
48  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 allyl                                    
49  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
50  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 m-trifluoromethylphenylmethyl            
51  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            H    ethyl          NMR: 4.1-4.3, m;          
                                                4.0-4.2, q;               
                                                2.95-3.1, m;              
                                                1.3-1.4, t;               
                                                0.9-1.1, t                
52  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            H    allyl          NMR: 0.98, t;             
                                                4.1-4.3, m                
                                                4.55, d; 5.2-5.5,         
                                                m; 5.9-6.1, m;            
53  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
                                                NMR; 0.98, t;             
                                                4.1-4.3, m; 4.53,         
                                                d; 6.0-6.2, m;            
                                                4.45, d; 5.5-5.7,         
                                                m; 5.8-6.0, m,            
55  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            H    thien-2-ylmethyl                         
                                                NMR; 0.95, t;             
                                                4.1-4.3, m;               
                                                5.2, s; 7.04, dd;         
                                                7.12, d; 7.37, d;         
56  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            H    5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                 
                                                NMR; 0.99, t;             
                                                4.15-4.3, m; 5.1,         
                                                s; 6.8-6.9, m;            
57  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-fluorphenylmethyl                      
58  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            H    m-trifluormethylphenylmethyl             
                                                NMR; 0.97, t;             
                                                4.1-4.25, m;              
                                                5.12, dd; 7.4-            
                                                7.7, m;                   
59  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-nitrophenylmethyl                      
60  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            acetyl                                        
                                 ethyl                                    
61  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            acetyl                                        
                                 allyl                                    
62  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            acetyl                                        
                                 3-fluoropropyl                           
63  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 ethyl                                    
64  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 allyl                                    
65  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 phenylmethyl                             
66  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        pentyl                                            
                            H    ethyl                                    
67  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        pentyl                                            
                            H    allyl                                    
68  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        pentyl                                            
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
69  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        pentyl                                            
                            acetyl                                        
                                 ethyl                                    
70  tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                              
                        pentyl                                            
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 ethyl                                    
71  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    ethyl          NMR; 1.21, t;             
                                                1.33, t; 3.4, dd;         
                                                3.95-4.25, m;             
72  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    allyl                                    
73  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
74  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-2-butenyl                            
75  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    5-chlorothien-2-yl                       
76  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    m-trifluoromethylphenylmethyl            
                                                NMR; 1.19, t;             
                                                2.8-3.1, m; 3.3-          
                                                3.5, m; 3.9-4.2,          
                                                m; 5.15, s;               
                                                7.4-7.75, m;              
77  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            acetyl                                        
                                 allyl                                    
78  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 allyl                                    
79  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    ethyl                                    
80  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    allyl                                    
81  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
82  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                 
83  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-fluorophenylmethyl                     
84  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            acetyl                                        
                                 ethyl                                    
85  tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 ethyl                                    
86  tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    allyl                                    
87  tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
88  tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    3-fluoropropyl                           
89  tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                 
90  tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    p-nitrophenylmethyl                      
91  tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            acetyl                                        
                                 allyl                                    
92  tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                              
                        ethyl                                             
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 allyl                                    
93  tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            H    ethyl                                    
94  tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            H    allyl                                    
95  tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
96  tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-fluorophenylmethyl                     
97  tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-nitrophenylmethyl                      
98  tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            acetyl                                        
                                 ethyl                                    
99  tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                              
                        propyl                                            
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 ethyl                                    
100 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl                                             
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    allyl                                    
101 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl                                             
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
102 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl                                             
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-2-butenyl                            
103 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl                                             
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    phenylmethyl                             
104 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl                                             
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    acethy         allyl                     
105 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl                                             
                        ethyl                                             
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 allyl                                    
106 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl                                             
                        propyl                                            
                            H    ethyl                                    
107 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl                                             
                        propyl                                            
                            H    allyl                                    
108 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl                                             
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
109 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl                                             
                        propyl                                            
                            H    2-chloroallyl                            
110 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl                                             
                        propyl                                            
                            acetyl                                        
                                 ethyl                                    
111 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl                                             
                        propyl                                            
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 ethyl                                    
112 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl                                         
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    allyl                                    
113 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl                                         
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
114 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl                                         
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-2-butenyl                            
115 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl                                         
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                 
116 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl                                         
                        ethyl                                             
                            acetyl                                        
                                 (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
117 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl                                         
                        ethyl                                             
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
118 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl                                         
                        propyl                                            
                            H    ethyl                                    
119 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl                                         
                        propyl                                            
                            H    allyl                                    
120 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl                                         
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
121 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl                                         
                        propyl                                            
                            H    5-chloro-thien-2-ylmethyl                
122 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl                                         
                        propyl                                            
                            acetyl                                        
                                 ethyl                                    
123 5,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3-yl                                         
                        propyl                                            
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 ethyl                                    
124 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    ethyl                                    
125 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    allyl                                    
126 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
127 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-2-butenyl                            
128 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    p-fluorophenylmethyl                     
129 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    p-nitrophenylmethyl                      
130 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        ethyl                                             
                            acetyl                                        
                                 (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
131 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        ethyl                                             
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
132 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        propyl                                            
                            H    ethyl                                    
133 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        propyl                                            
                            H    allyl                                    
134 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
135 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)-2-butenyl                            
136 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-fluorophenylmethyl                     
137 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-nitropehnylmethyl                      
138 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        propyl                                            
                            acetyl                                        
                                 ethyl                                    
139 5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-3-yl                                
                        propyl                                            
                            benzoyl                                       
                                 ethyl                                    
140 1,4-dioxanyl        ethyl                                             
                            H    allyl                                    
141 1,4-dioxanyl        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
142 1,4-dioxanyl        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-2-butenyl                            
143 1,4-dioxanyl        ethyl                                             
                            H    5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                 
144 1,4-dioxanyl        propyl                                            
                            H    ethyl                                    
145 1,4-dioxanyl        propyl                                            
                            H    allyl                                    
146 1,4-dioxanyl        propyl                                            
                            H    5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                 
148 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    allyl                                    
149 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
150 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-2-butenyl                            
151 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    p-nitrophenylmethyl                      
152 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    ethyl                                    
153 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    allyl                                    
154 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
155 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-nitrophenylmethyl                      
156 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    allyl                                    
157 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
158 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-2-butenyl                            
159 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    p-fluorophenylmethyl                     
160 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    ethyl                                    
161 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    allyl                                    
162 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
163 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                  
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-fluorophenylmethyl                     
164 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    ethyl                                    
165 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    allyl                                    
166 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
167 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-2-butenyl                            
168 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    p-fluorophenylmethyl                     
169 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    p-nitrophenylmethyl                      
170 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                 
171 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    m-trifluoromethylphenylmethyl            
172 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        propyl                                            
                            H    ethyl                                    
173 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        propyl                                            
                            H    allyl                                    
174 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
175 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)-2-butenyl                            
176 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-fluorophenylmethyl                     
177 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-nitrophenylmethyl                      
178 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        propyl                                            
                            H    5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                 
179 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                         
                        propyl                                            
                            H    m-trifluoromethylphenylmethyl            
180 2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                            
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    ethyl                                    
181 2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5--yl                                           
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    allyl                                    
182 2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5--yl                                           
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
183 2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                            
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    (E)-2-butenyl                            
184 2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                            
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    p-fluorophenylmethyl                     
185 2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                            
                        ethyl                                             
                            H    p-nitrophenylmethyl                      
186 2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                            
                        propyl                                            
                            H    ethyl                                    
187 2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                            
                        propyl                                            
                            H    allyl                                    
188 2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                            
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)-3-chloroallyl                        
189 2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                            
                        propyl                                            
                            H    (E)-2-butenyl                            
190 2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                            
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-fluorophenylmethyl                     
191 2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                            
                        propyl                                            
                            H    p-nitrophenylmethyl                      
__________________________________________________________________________
 
    
     
                                           TABLE 2                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
 ##STR8##                                         (Ib)                    
                                            Phys.                         
No.                                                                       
   R.sup.3             R.sup.2                                            
                           R.sup.1                                        
                             R.sup.4        data                          
__________________________________________________________________________
192                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H ethyl                                        
193                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H allyl                                        
194                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
195                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
196                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H p-fluorophenylmethyl                         
197                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H ethyl                                        
198                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H allyl                                        
199                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
200                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H p-flurorphenylmethyl                         
201                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H m-trifluoromethylphenylmethyl                
202                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           H ethyl                                        
203                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           H allyl                                        
204                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
205                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)3-butenyl                                 
206                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           H 5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                     
207                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       propyl                                             
                           H ethyl                                        
208                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       propyl                                             
                           H allyl                                        
209                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
210                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       propyl                                             
                           H 5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                     
211                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       propyl                                             
                           H p-nitrophenylmethyl                          
212                                                                       
   tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl                                                  
                       ethyl                                              
                           H ethyl                                        
213                                                                       
   tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl                                                  
                       ethyl                                              
                           H allyl                                        
214                                                                       
   tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl                                                  
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
215                                                                       
   tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl                                                  
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
216                                                                       
   tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl                                                  
                       ethyl                                              
                           H p-fluorophenylmethyl                         
217                                                                       
   tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl                                                  
                       propyl                                             
                           H ethyl                                        
218                                                                       
   tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl                                                  
                       propyl                                             
                           H allyl                                        
219                                                                       
   tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl                                                  
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
220                                                                       
   tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl                                                  
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)3-butenyl                                 
221                                                                       
   tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl                                                  
                       propyl                                             
                           H p-gluorophenylmethyl                         
222                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hpyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           H ethyl                                        
223                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hpyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           H allyl                                        
224                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hpyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
225                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hpyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
226                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hpyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           H m-trifluoromethylphenylmethyl                
2227                                                                      
   5,6-dihydro-2Hpyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           H ethyl                                        
228                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hpyran-3-yl                                               
                       propyl                                             
                           H allyl                                        
229                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hpyran-3-yl                                               
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
230                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hpyran-3-yl                                               
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
231                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hpyran-3-yl                                               
                       propyl                                             
                           H m-trifluoromethylphenylmethyl                
232                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hthiopyran-3-yl                                           
                       ethyl                                              
                           H ethyl                                        
233                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hthiopyran-3-yl                                           
                       ethyl                                              
                           H allyl                                        
234                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hthiopyran-3-yl                                           
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
235                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hthiopyran-3-yl                                           
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
236                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hthiopyran-3-yl                                           
                       ethyl                                              
                           H 5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                     
237                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hthiopyran-3-yl                                           
                       propyl                                             
                           H ethyl                                        
238                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hthiopyran-3-yl                                           
                       propyl                                             
                           H allyl                                        
239                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hthiopyran-3-yl                                           
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
240                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hthiopyran-3-yl                                           
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
241                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hthiopyran-3-yl                                           
                       propyl                                             
                           H 5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                     
242                                                                       
   2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                          
                       ethyl                                              
                           H ethyl                                        
243                                                                       
   2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                          
                       ethyl                                              
                           H allyl                                        
244                                                                       
   2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                          
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
245                                                                       
   2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                          
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
246                                                                       
   2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                          
                       ethyl                                              
                           H p-fluorophenylmethyl                         
247                                                                       
   2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                          
                       propyl                                             
                           H ethyl                                        
248                                                                       
   2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                          
                       propyl                                             
                           H allyl                                        
249                                                                       
   2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                          
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
250                                                                       
   2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                          
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
251                                                                       
   2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                          
                       propyl                                             
                           H p-fluorophenylmethyl                         
252                                                                       
   2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                             
                       ethyl                                              
                           H ethyl                                        
253                                                                       
   2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                             
                       ethyl                                              
                           H allyl                                        
254                                                                       
   2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                             
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
255                                                                       
   2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                             
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
256                                                                       
   2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                             
                       ethyl                                              
                           H p-nitrophenylmethyl                          
257                                                                       
   2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                             
                       propyl                                             
                           H ethyl                                        
258                                                                       
   2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                             
                       propyl                                             
                           H allyl                                        
259                                                                       
   2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                             
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
260                                                                       
   2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                             
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
261                                                                       
   2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                             
                       propyl                                             
                           H p-nitrophenylmethyl                          
262                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-3-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H ethyl                                        
263                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-3-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H allyl                                        
264                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-3-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
265                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-3-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
266                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-3-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H 5-chlorothien-2-ylmethyl                     
267                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-3-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H ethyl                                        
268                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-3-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H allyl                                        
269                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-3-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
270                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-3-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
271                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-3-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H 5-chlorthien-2-ylmethyl                      
272                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H ethyl                                        
273                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H allyl                                        
274                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
275                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
276                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           H m-trifluoromethylphenylmethyl                
277                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H ethyl                                        
278                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H allyl                                        
279                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
280                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
281                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           H m-trifluoromethylphenylmethyl                
282                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2Hpyran-3-yl                                  
                       ethyl                                              
                           H ethyl                                        
283                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2Hpyran-3-yl                                  
                       ethyl                                              
                           H allyl                                        
284                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2Hpyran-3-yl                                  
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
285                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2Hpyran-3-yl                                  
                       ethyl                                              
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
286                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2Hpyran-3-yl                                  
                       ethyl                                              
                           H p-fluorophenylmethyl                         
287                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2Hpyran-3-yl                                  
                       propyl                                             
                           H ethyl                                        
288                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2Hpyran-3-yl                                  
                       propyl                                             
                           H allyl                                        
289                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2Hpyran-3-yl                                  
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
290                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2Hpyran-3-yl                                  
                       propyl                                             
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
291                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2Hpyran-3-yl                                  
                       propyl                                             
                           H p-fluorophenylmethyl                         
292                                                                       
   1,4-dioxanyl        ethyl                                              
                           H ethyl                                        
293                                                                       
   1,4-dioxanyl        ethyl                                              
                           H allyl                                        
294                                                                       
   1,4-dioxanyl        ethyl                                              
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
295                                                                       
   1,4-dioxanyl        ethyl                                              
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
296                                                                       
   1,4-dioxanyl        ethyl                                              
                           H p-nitrophenylmethyl                          
297                                                                       
   1,4-dioxanyl        propyl                                             
                           H ethyl                                        
298                                                                       
   1,4-dioxanyl        propyl                                             
                           H allyl                                        
299                                                                       
   1,4-dioxanyl        propyl                                             
                           H (E)3-chloroallyl                             
300                                                                       
   1,4-dioxanyl        propyl                                             
                           H (E)2-butenyl                                 
301                                                                       
   1,4-dioxanyl        propyl                                             
                           H p-nitrophenylmethyl                          
__________________________________________________________________________
 
    
     
                                           TABLE 3                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
 ##STR9##                                       (Ic)                      
No.                                                                       
   R.sup.3             R.sup.2                                            
                           X Phys. data                                   
__________________________________________________________________________
302                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           O                                              
303                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           S                                              
304                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           O NMR: 4.1-4.4 m; 3.8-4.0 m; 2.95-3.1 q,       
                             0.9-1.1 t                                    
305                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           S                                              
306                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-3-yl                                                   
                       pentyl                                             
                           O                                              
307                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           O mp. 78-79° C.                         
308                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           S                                              
309                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       propyl                                             
                           O NMR: 4.2-4.3 m; 2.9-3.0 q, 0.9-1.0 t         
310                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       propyl                                             
                           S                                              
311                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl                                               
                       pentyl                                             
                           O                                              
312                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           O NMR: 1.22, m; 1.82-2.07, m; 2.88-3.28, m;    
                             3.29-3.57, m; 3.9-4.4, m;                    
313                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           S                                              
314                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           O                                              
315                                                                       
   tetrahydropyran-4-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           S                                              
316                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           O                                              
317                                                                       
   tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl                                               
                       propyl                                             
                           O                                              
318                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hpyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           O NMR: 1.2, m; 2.83-3.28, m; 4.7-4.92, m;      
                             5.85-6.06, m;                                
319                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hpyran-3-yl                                               
                       ethyl                                              
                           S                                              
320                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hpyran-3-yl                                               
                       propyl                                             
                           O                                              
321                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hpyran-3-yl                                               
                       propyl                                             
                           S                                              
322                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hthiopyran-3-yl                                           
                       ethyl                                              
                           O                                              
323                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hthiopyran-3-yl                                           
                       ethyl                                              
                           S                                              
324                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hthiopyran-3-yl                                           
                       propyl                                             
                           O                                              
325                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2Hthiopyran-3-yl                                           
                       propyl                                             
                           S                                              
326                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2Hpyran-3-yl                                  
                       ethyl                                              
                           O                                              
327                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2Hpyran-3-yl                                  
                       ethyl                                              
                           S                                              
328                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2Hpyran-3-yl                                  
                       propyl                                             
                           O                                              
329                                                                       
   5,6-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-2Hpyran-3-yl                                  
                       propyl                                             
                           S                                              
330                                                                       
   1,4-dioxanyl        ethyl                                              
                           O                                              
331                                                                       
   1,4-dioxanyl        ethyl                                              
                           S                                              
332                                                                       
   1,4-dioxanyl        propyl                                             
                           O                                              
333                                                                       
   1,4-dioxanyl        propyl                                             
                           S                                              
334                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           O                                              
335                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           S                                              
336                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           O                                              
337                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-2-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           S                                              
338                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-3-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           O                                              
339                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-3-yl                                                   
                       ethyl                                              
                           S                                              
340                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-3-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           O                                              
341                                                                       
   tetrahydrofuran-3-yl                                                   
                       propyl                                             
                           S                                              
342                                                                       
   2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                          
                       ethyl                                              
                           O                                              
343                                                                       
   2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                          
                       ethyl                                              
                           S                                              
344                                                                       
   2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                          
                       propyl                                             
                           O                                              
345                                                                       
   2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                          
                       propyl                                             
                           S                                              
346                                                                       
   2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                             
                       ethyl                                              
                           O                                              
347                                                                       
   2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                             
                       ethyl                                              
                           S                                              
348                                                                       
   2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                             
                       propyl                                             
                           O                                              
349                                                                       
   2-methyl-1,3-dioxepan-5-yl                                             
                       propyl                                             
                           S                                              
__________________________________________________________________________
 
    
     The tetrahydro(thio)pyran derivatives of the formula I, or herbicidal agents containing them, are tolerated by, and are thus selective in, broadleaved crops and monocotyledonous plants not belonging to the Gramineae. Some of the compounds are also selective in graminaceous crops such as wheat and rice, and combat unwanted grasses. 
     The compounds of the formula I, or herbicidal agents containing them, may be applied for instance in the form of directly sprayable solutions, powders, suspensions (including high-percentage aqueous, oily or other suspensions), dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dusts, broadcasting agents, or granules by spraying, atomizing, dusting, broadcasting or watering. The forms of application depend entirely on the purpose for which the agents are being used, but they must ensure as fine a distribution of the active ingredients according to the invention as possible. 
     For the preparation of solutions, emulsions, pastes and oil dispersions to be sprayed direct, mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, further coal-tar oils, and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes and their derviatives such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, chlorobenzene, isophorone, etc., and strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, water, etc. are suitable. 
     Aqueous formulations may be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes, dispersions, wettable powders or water-dispersible granules by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes and oil dispersions the ingredients as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent may be homogenized in water by means of wetting or dispersing agents, adherents or emulsifiers. Concentrates which are suitable for dilution with water may be prepared from active ingredient, wetting agent, adherent, emulsifying or dispersing agent and possibly solvent or oil. 
     Examples of surfactants are: alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of ligninsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acids, phenolsulfonic acids, alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and alkyl sulfonates, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, lauryl ether sulfate, fatty alcohol sulfates. alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of fatty acids, salts of sulfated hexadecanols, heptadecanols, and octadecanols, salts of sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, condensation products of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensation products of naphthalene or naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ethers, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, ethoxylated octylphenol and ethoxylated nonylphenol, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ethers, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, isotridecyl alcohol, fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal, sorbitol esters, lignin, sulfite waste liquors and methyl cellulose. 
     Powders, dusts and broadcasting agents may be prepared by mixing or grinding the active ingredients with a solid carrier. 
     Granules, e.g., coated, impregnated or homogeneous granules, may be prepared by bonding the active ingredients to solid carriers. Examples of solid carriers are mineral earths such as silicic acid, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attapulgus clay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, and ureas, and vegetable products such as grain flours, bark meal, wood meal, and nutshell meal, cellulosic powders, etc. 
     The formulations contain from 0.1 to 95, and preferably 0.5 to 90, % by weight of active ingredient. 
     Examples of formulations are given below. 
     I. 90 parts by weight of compound no. 51 is mixed with 10 parts by weight of N-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidone. A mixture is obtained which is suitable for application in the form of very fine drops. 
     II. 20 parts by weight of compound no. 52 is dissolved in a mixture consisting of 80 parts by weight of xylene, 10 parts by weight of the adduct of 8 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of oleic acid-N-monoethanolamide, 5 parts by weight of the calcium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and 5 parts by weight of the adduct of 40 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of castor oil. By pouring the solution into 100,000 parts by weight of water and uniformly distributing it therein, an aqueous dispersion is obtained containing 0.02% by weight of the active ingredient. 
     III. 20 parts by weight of compound no. 36 is dissolved in a mixture consisting of 40 parts by weight of cyclohexanone, 30 parts by weight of isobutanol, 20 parts by weight of the adduct of 7 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of isooctylphenol, and 10 parts by weight of the adduct of 40 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of castor oil. By pouring the solution into 100,000 parts by weight of water and finely distributing it therein, an aqueous dispersion is obtained containing 0.02% by weight of the active ingredient. 
     IV. 20 parts by weight of compound no. 53 is dissolved in a mixture consisting of 25 parts by weight of cyclohexanone, 65 parts by weight of a mineral oil fraction having a boiling point between 210° and 280° C., and 10 parts by weight of the adduct of 40 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of castor oil. By pouring the solution into 100,000 parts by weight of water and uniformly distributing it therein, an aqueous dispersion is obtained containing 0.02% by weight of the active ingredient. 
     V. 20 parts by weight of compound no. 54 is well mixed with 3 parts by weight of the sodium salt of diisobutylnaphthalene-α-sulfonic acid, 17 parts by weight of the sodium salt of a ligninsulfonic acid obtained from a sulfite waste liquor, and 60 parts by weight of powdered silica gel, and triturated in a hammer mill. By uniformly distributing the mixture in 20,000 parts by weight of water, a spray liquor is obtained containing 0.1% by weight of the active ingredient. 
     VI. 3 parts by weight of compound no. 71 is intimately mixed with 97 parts by weight of particulate kaolin. A dust is obtained containing 3% by weight of the active ingredient. 
     VII. 30 parts by weight of compound no. 36 is intimately mixed with a mixture consisting of 92 parts by weight of powdered silica gel and 8 parts by weight of paraffin oil which has been sprayed onto the surface of this silica gel. A formulation of the active ingredient is obtained having good adherence. 
     VIII. 20 parts of compound no. 51 is intimately mixed with 2 parts of the calcium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, 8 parts of a fatty alcohol polyglycol ether, 2 parts of the sodium salt of a phenolsulfonic acid-urea-formaldehyde condensate and 68 parts of a paraffinic mineral oil. A stable oily dispersion is obtained. 
     The active ingredients, or herbicidal agents containing them, may be applied pre- or (preferably) postemergence. If certain crop plants tolerate the active ingredients less well, application techniques may be used in which the herbicidal agents are sprayed from suitable equipment in such a manner that the leaves of sensitive crop plants are if possible not touched, and the agents reach the soil or the unwanted plants growing beneath the crop plants (post-directed, lay-by treatment). 
     The amounts of active ingredient applied depend on the time of the year, the plants to be combated and their growth stage, and vary from 0.01 to 3, and preferably from 0.03 to 1, kg/ha. 
     In view of the spectrum of weeds that can be combined, the tolerance of the active ingredients by crop plants, and in view of the numerous application methods available, the compounds of the formula I, and herbicidal agents containing them, may be used in a large number of crops. The following may be mentioned by way of example: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Botanical name      Common name                                           
______________________________________                                    
Allium cepa         onions                                                
Ananas comosus      pineapples                                            
Arachis hypogaea    peanuts (groundnuts)                                  
Asparagus officinalis                                                     
                    asparagus                                             
Avena sativa        oats                                                  
Beta vulgaris spp. altissima                                              
                    sugarbeets                                            
Beta vulgaris spp. rapa                                                   
                    fodder beets                                          
Beta vulgaris spp. esculenta                                              
                    table beets, red beets                                
Brassica napus var. napus                                                 
                    rapeseed                                              
Brassica napus var. napobrassica                                          
                    swedes                                                
Brassica napus var. rapa                                                  
                    turnips                                               
Brassica rapa var. silvestris                                             
Camellia sinensis   tea plants                                            
Carthamus tinctorius                                                      
                    safflower                                             
Carya illinoinensis pecan trees                                           
Citrus limon        lemons                                                
Citrus maxima       grapefruits                                           
Citrus reticulata   mandarins                                             
Citrus sinensis     orange trees                                          
Coffea arabica (Coffea canephora,                                         
                    coffee plants                                         
Coffea liberica)                                                          
Cucumis melo        melons                                                
Cucumis sativus     cucumbers                                             
Cynodon dactylon    Bermudagrass                                          
Daucus carota       carrots                                               
Elais guineensis    oil palms                                             
Fragaria vesca      strawberries                                          
Glycine max         soybeans                                              
Gossypium hirsutum (Gossypium                                             
                    cotton                                                
arboreum, Gossypium herbaceum,                                            
Gossypium vitifolium)                                                     
Helianthus annuus   sunflowers                                            
Helianthus tuberosus                                                      
                    Jerusalem artichoke                                   
Hevea brasiliensis  rubber plants                                         
Hordeum vulgare     barley                                                
Humulus lupulus     hops                                                  
Ipomoea batatas     sweet potatoes                                        
Juglans regia       walnut trees                                          
Lactuca sativa      lettuce                                               
Lens culinaris      lentils                                               
Linum usitatissimum flax                                                  
Lycopersicon lycopersicum                                                 
                    tomatoes                                              
Malus spp.          apple trees                                           
Manihot esculenta   cassava                                               
Medicago sativa     alfalfa (lucerne)                                     
Mentha piperita     peppermint                                            
Musa spp.           banana plants                                         
Nicotians tabacum (N. rustica)                                            
                    tobacco                                               
Olea europaea       olive trees                                           
Oryza sativa        rice                                                  
Phaseolus lunatus   limabeans                                             
Phaseolus mungo     mungbeans                                             
Phaseolus vulgaris  snapbeans, green beans,                               
                    dry beans                                             
Pennisetum glaucum  pearl millet                                          
Petroselinum crispum spp. tuberosum                                       
                    parsley                                               
Picea abies         Norway spruce                                         
Abies alba          fir trees                                             
Pinus spp.          pine trees                                            
Pisum sativum       English peas                                          
Prunus avium        cherry trees                                          
Prunus domestica    plum trees                                            
Prunus dulcis       almond trees                                          
Prunus persica      peach trees                                           
Pyrus communis      pear trees                                            
Ribes sylvestre     redcurrants                                           
Ribes uva-crispa    gooseberries                                          
Ricinus communis    castor-oil plants                                     
Saccharum officinarum                                                     
                    sugar cane                                            
Secale cereale      rye                                                   
Sesamum indicum     sesame                                                
Solanum tuberosum   Irish potatoes                                        
Sorghum bicolor (s. vulgare)                                              
                    sorghum                                               
Sorghum dochna      sorgo                                                 
Spinacia oleracea   spinach                                               
Theobroma cacao     cacao plants                                          
Trifolium pratense  red clover                                            
Triticum aestivum   wheat                                                 
Vaccinium corymbosum                                                      
                    blueberries                                           
Vaccinium vitis-idaea                                                     
                    cranberries                                           
Vicia faba          tick beans                                            
Vigna sinensis (V. unguiculata)                                           
                    cow peas                                              
Vitis vinifera      grapes                                                
Zea mays            Indian corn, sweet corn,                              
                    maize                                                 
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     To increase the spectrum of action and to achieve synergistic effects, the tetrahydro(thio)pyran derivatives of the formula I may be mixed and applied together with numerous representatives of other herbicidal or growth-regulating active ingredient groups. Examples of suitable components are diazines, 4H-3,1-benzoxazine derivatives, benzothiadiazinones, 2,6-dinitroanilines, N-phenylcarbamates, thiolcarbamates, halocarboxylic acids, triazines, amides, ureas, diphenyl ethers, triazinones, uracils, benzofuran derivatives, cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives, quinolinecarboxylic acids, sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid derivatives, etc. 
     It may also be useful to apply the novel compounds of the formula I, either alone or in combination with other herbicides, in admixture with other crop protection agents, e.g., agents for combating pests or phytopathogenic fungi or bacteria. The compounds may also be mixed with solutions of mineral salts used to remedy nutritional or trace element deficiencies. Non-phytotoxic oils and oil concentrates may also be added. 
     Use examples 
     The action of the tetrahydro(thio)pyran derivatives of the formula I is demonstrated in greenhouse experiments: 
     The vessels employed were plastic flowerpots having a volume of 300 cm 3 . A sandy loam containing about 3% humus was used as substrate. Peat was added to the soybean plants to give a better stand. The seeds of the test plants were sown shallow, and separately according to species. 
     For the preemergence treatment, the formulated active ingredients were applied to the surface of the soil immediately after the seeds had been sown. The compounds were emulsified or suspended in water as vehicle, and sprayed through finely distributing nozzles. The application rate was 3.0 kg/ha. After the agents had been applied, the vessels were lightly sprinkler irrigated to induce germination and growth. Transparent plastic covers were then placed on the vessels until the plants had taken root. The cover ensured uniform germination of the plants, insofar as this was not impaired by the active ingredients. For the postemergence treatment, the plants were grown, depending on growht form, to a height of from 3 to 15 cm before being treated. Either plants which had been sown directly in the pots and grown there were selected, or plants which had been grown from seedlings and transplanted to the vessels a few days before treatment. The application rates for postemergence treatment were 0.125 and 0.03 kg/ha. 
     The pots were set up in the greenhouse--species from warmer areas at from 20° to 35° C., and species from moderate climates at 10° to 25° C. The experiments were run for 2 to 4 weeks. During this period the plants were tended and their reactions to the various treatments assessed. The scale employed was 0 to 100, 100 denoting nonemergence or complete destruction of at least the visible plant parts, and 0 denoting no damage or normal emergence. 
     The influence of the treatment is assessed visually against the untreated control. 
     The plants used in the greenhouse experiments were Avena fatua, Avena sativa, Alopecurus myosuroides, Bromus inermis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Glycine max., Lolium multiflorum, Medicago sativa, Setaria italica, Sorghum halepense, and Zea mays. 
     Compound no. 38 selected by way of example had, when applied preemergence at a rate of 3.0 kg/ha, a good herbicidal action on grassy plants. When compound no. 38 was applied postemergence, small amounts were sufficient to combat unwanted plants from the Gramineae family. The crop plant alfalfa remained undamaged. 
     Active ingredient no. 51, applied postemergence at a rate of 0.125 kg/ha, was suitable for combating a broad spectrum of grassy plants. Soybeans, as an example of a broadleaved crop, remained completely uninfluenced. 
     Active ingredients nos. 36, 37, 51, 52, 53 and 54 had, on postemergence application, a strong herbicidal action on a broad spectrum of unwanted plants from the Gramineae family, whereas alfalfa, as an example of a broadleaved crop, remained completely undamaged. 
     Active ingredients nos. 36 and 71 had, when applied postemergence, a better action on unwanted grassy plants than active ingredients nos. 1 and 3 mentioned in Table 1 of GB-A-2 140 803.