Method and apparatus for body motion corrective imaging
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a method and apparatus of NMR imaging, namely a method of tomography utilizing the NMR phenomenon, and particularly to a method and apparatus for imaging with the intention of eliminating the influence of respiratory motion. 
     An NMR imaging apparatus takes 2-20 minutes for taking an image, and imaging of thoraxic and abdominal parts is influenced by breathing, resulting in blurring and artifact of image. For overcoming this problem, there are two (or in more fine classification three) approaches. One is to reduce the repetition time of imaging so that imaging completes within a time length in which the patient can hold breathing. However, this method has a problem of different quality of image from the case of usual imaging with a longer repetition time, due to the influence of relaxation time of spin. The second approach, which eliminates the influence of breathing while expending an equal repetition time employs a means of synchronization or modification of measured data through the detection of respiratory motion. The method of synchronization through the detection of respiratory motion unfavorably involves complicated control and extended measuring time, whereas the method of modification of measured data can readily be carried out on a software basis without any prolongment of measuring time. The method of measured data modification by detecting the respiratory motion is discussed in the proceeding of SMRM (1985), pp. 962-963. 
     In measuring the NMR signal, an image measurement signal is produced from the first echo signal, and a projection data measurement signal is produced from the second echo signal. The Fourier transformation for the second echo signal yields projection data 400 shown in FIG. 4. By detecting the edge portion (b) 402 or (c) 403 of the projection data, the state of breathing is known. The respiratory motion is defined between the edge portion and the highest point a among quiescent points whose positions do not move conceivably. It is conceived that the respiratory motion is a linear expansion and contraction, and the image measurement signal is subjected to such a linear transformation. 
     Although the foregoing prior art assumes that the motion in the body caused by breathing is a linear expansion and contraction between the quiescent point and edge portion, the actual respiratory motion in the abdominal part is not necessarily a linear expansion and contraction, and this method for motion modification can do little for eliminating the degradation of image quality attributable to breathing. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of this invention is to eliminate the degradation of image quality attributable to breathing by evaluating accurately the amount of motion of each part of body on the basis of projection data and modifying measured data. 
     The above objective is achieved based on the fact that when the projection data ignores the respiratory motion, the same data is obtained at each measurement. One projection data is selected as a reference (will be termed &#34;reference data&#34;), and the correlation is taken between the reference data and each projection data. 
     Reference data is expressed as g(x) and projection data of the n-th measurement is expressed as f(x,n) (see FIG. 5). The correlation function near point X of the n-th projection data is defined as follows. ##EQU1## where α is the range in which correlation is taken, and Δx is the value of displacement at a corresponding point. 
     At this time, there exists for X and n a value Δx max  of which meets maxR(X+Δx,n). The value Δx max  is shown as follows. 
     
         Shift(X,n)=ΔX.sub.max . . .                          (2) 
    
     The value of formula (2) indicates that the point X of the n-th projection data is offset from the point X of the reference data by the amount of Shift (X,n). Namely, by evaluating values of formula (2) for all X and n, the positional difference between the position of point X of each measured data and the position of the reference data can be obtained. Accordingly, the amount of respiratory motion can be inferred from the above, and this value is used to modify the image measurement signal. 
     With the n-th measured signal being expressed as S(w x ,n), the Fourier transformed signal h(x,n) and f(x,n) are in one-to-one correspondence for the w x , and based on the value of formula (2), the h(x,y) is modified as follows. 
     
         h(x,n)=h(x+shift(x,n),n) . . .                             (3) 
    
     The formula (3) is executed for all values of n and finally the Fourier transformation process is conducted for n, and an image modified for motion is obtained. In evaluating the value of Δx, it is not necessary to examine the whole range, but an examination range of -1≦Δx≦5 is enough since the variation is slow locally. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the procedure of process according to this invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of this invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a pulse sequence diagram showing an example of projection procedure according to this invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a diagram used to explain the motion of projection data; and 
     FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relation between reference data and projection data. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     An embodiment of this invention will be described in detail. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of this invention. The embodiment comprises a static magnetic field generation system 201 for generating a uniform static magnetic field, a transmission system 202 which generates high-frequency pulses for spin excitation, a gradient magnetic field generation system 203 which is operative to vary the magnetic field strength linearly in the x, y and z directions independently, a reception system 204 which receives an electromagnetic wave generated by a body under test and performs A/D conversion for the received signal following the detection, a processor 205 which evaluates the modification parameter based on the measured data from the reception system and implements various computations including the modification process necessary for the image reproduction, a CRT 206 which displays the reproduction result, a pulse sequence file 20 which stores the operational control procedures of the above systems, and a sequence controller 208 which controls the operational timing of the above systems. 
     FIG. 3 shows an example of pulse sequence according to this invention. The sequence is stored in the sequence file 207 in advance, and it provides operational timing information for the sequence controller 208. RF 301 is the application timing of high-frequency pulses generated by the transmitter 202, Gz 302, Gy 303 and Gx 304 are the application timings of the gradient magnetic fields in the z, y and x directions, and signal 305 is the measurement timing for the measurement signal 307. 
     The RF 301 and Gz 302 are for the selection of a slicing plane in the specific Z direction, the Gy 303 is for the positional separation in the y direction, and the Gx 304 is for the positional separation in the x direction. At this time, the separation in the y direction cannot be done once, and the application of Gy is to measure the measurement signal 308 a plurality of number of times by varying the amplitude at each measurement, as shown by the gradient magnetic field 306. Typically, the measurement takes place 256 times. 
     Although, the operation normally terminates at the observation of the measurement signal 308, this invention necessitates the projection data for the observation of the abdominal part at the time of measurement of this signal. On this account, a magnetic field 307 which cancels the influence of the gradient magnetic field 306 is applied thereby to obtain the projection data measurement signal 309 which is the second echo. 
     The following describes the operation in more detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 1. 
     Step 101: Measures the image measurement data 308 and projection measurement data 309 by varying the phase-encoded gradient magnetic fields Gy 306 and 307 256 times in accordance with the pulse sequence of FIG. 3. The n-th image measurement data is S(w x ,n) and projection measurement data is P(w x ,n). 
     Step 102: Implements Fourier transformation of the projection measurement data P(w x ,n) for w x  to obtain projection data f(x,n). 
     
         F[P(w.sub.x,n)]=f(x,n), for all n . . .                    (4) 
    
      where F is Fourier transformation. 
     Step 103: Selects a specific k-th data f(x,k) from the projection data f(x,n), which is called &#34;reference data g(x)&#34;. Between the g(x) and f(x,n), the correlation based on the formula (1) is calculated for each X and n by varying Δx. For each X and n, a table of values of Δx max  which make values of formula (1) maximum is produced as shown by the formula (2). The table shows the amount of motion at point x of each projection data. 
     Step 104: Performs Fourier transformation of image measurement data S(w x ,n) for w x  to obtain the following h(x,n). 
     
         h(x,n)=F[S(w.sub.x,n)], for all n . . .                    (5) 
    
      Step 105: Modifies the h(x,y) based on the values of table of formula (2) as follows. 
     
         h(x,n)=h(x+shift(x,n),n), for all n . . .                  (6) 
    
      Step 106: Inplements Fourier transformation of the modified signal h(x,y) for n to obtain an image signal M(x,y) as follows. 
     
         M(x,y)=Fn[h(x,y)], for all x . . .                         (7) 
    
     According to this invention, the displacement caused by the respiratory motion can be modified, and the deterioration of image (artifact and blurring) due to motion can be reduced significantly, and a high-quality image can be obtained.