Building low yield ratio hot-dip galvanized cold rolled steel sheet having improved refractory property
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a building low yield ratio hot-dip galvanized cold rolled steel sheet having an improved refractory property and used for various building structures in the fields of pre-fab building material, civil and marine structures, and a method of producing same. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     The refractory property of a building structure is important, and various countermeasures to the refractory property are effected in all buildings, whether large or small. Nevertheless, as described in the Japanese unexamined patent publication (Kokai) No. 63-47451, countermeasures against fire are actually effected by using a refractory coating, and thus the building costs are increased and the utilizable space for a building structure is reduced. 
     Recently, the refractory designs were examined and a new Refractory Design Law for Building Structures was established in 1987. At that time, a conventional requirement for a tolerance of the steel material to a temperature of a fire, i.e., 350° C. or less, was removed, and thus the ability of a refractory coating can be determined by a high temperature strength of a steel sheet at a load actually effected on a building structure, and when a high temperature strength of a steel sheet material can be ensured, the use of the steel sheet without such a coating becomes possible. 
     Recently, the present inventors examined the technology for a Cu-added refractory building-hot rolled steel sheet, and a refractory building hot-dip galvanized hot rolled steel sheet, and filed Japanese patent application Nos. 1-26225 and 1-16446, respectively, for these inventions. 
     It is well know that, as a roof material or a pre-fab building material of a building structure, a cold rolled steel sheet or a cold rolled steel hoop is used as a raw material. 
     The present inventor filed, as a patent application relating to a technology of a refractory building cold rolled steel sheet, Japanese Patent Application No. 1-27297. 
     A corrosion resistance is also necessary for a building steel, and thus a technology of galvanizing a cold rolled steel sheet by a continuous hot-dip galvanizing process having an improved productivity and reduced costs is required. 
     When the galvanizing of a cold rolled steel hoop or steel sheet is effected by using the continuous hot-dip galvanizing process, the feeding speed cannot be effectively lowered because of the needs of mass production. Further, to recrystallize and obtain an improved plating adhesion, the reducing temperature cannot be greatly lowered. Further in this process, a quenching process is required after an annealing. 
     It is difficult to ensure the high temperature strength of a conventional steel because of a crystal grain growth and coarsening of a precipitate carbide solution, etc. Further, although a high alloy heat resisting metal exists as an Fe system, a Ni system and a Ti system, this high alloy heat resisting metal is too expensive for use as a material in a large amount for a building. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a building low yield ratio hot-dip galvanized cold rolled steel sheet having an improved refractory property, which can be used as a roofing material and pre-fab building material, is easily formable in a forming process, and has a superior corrosion resistance. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing the above-mentioned building low yield hot-dip galvanized cold rolled steel sheet having an improved refractory property. 
     Accordingly, there is provided a building low yield ratio hot-dip galvanized cold rolled steel sheet having an improved refractory property and consisting essentially of, by weight, 0.1% or less of C, 0.1 to 1.5% of Mn, 0.1% or less of P, 0.06% or less of Al, 0.6 to 2.0% of Cu, and a remainder of Fe and unavoidable impurities and having a 0.6 times or more yield point strength at 600° C. compared to that at normal temperatures. 
     There is further provided a method of producing a building low yield ratio hot-dip galvanized cold rolled steel sheet having an improved refractory property, comprising the steps of: 
     forming a slab from a steel consisting essentially of, by weight, 0.1% or less of C, 0.1 to 1.5% of Mn, 0.1% or less of P, 0.06% or less of Al, 0.6 to 2.0% of Cu, and a remainder of Fe and unavoidable impurities, 
     immediately or after heating the slab at a temperature of 1200° C. or less, hot rolling the slab at a temperature of 750° C. or more, cold rolling the slab, and carrying out a continuous hot-dip galvanizing by heating the rolled slab at a temperature of 700° to 900° C. in a reducing atmosphere, cooling the rolled slab at an average cooling rate of 3° C./ sec or more, and dipping the rolled slab in a hot-dip galvanizing bath, so that the obtained product has a 0.6 times or more yield point strength at 600° C. compared to that at normal temperatures. 
     There is further provided a building low yield ratio hot-dip galvanized cold rolled steel sheet having an improved refractory property, consisting essentially of, by weight, 0.02 to 0.1% of C, 0.3% or less of Si, 0.3 to 1.5% of Mn, 0.05% or less of P, 0.05% or less of Al, 0.6 to 2.0% of Cu, and a remainder of Fe and unavoidable impurities and having a 0.6 times or more yield point strength at 600° C. compared to that at normal temperatures. The above-mentioned Si containing steel sheet preferably contains 0.2 to 1.0 of Ni by Ni/Cu. 
     There is further provided a method of producing a building low yield ratio hot-dip galvanized cold rolled steel sheet having an improved refractory property, comprising the steps of: 
     forming a slab from a steel consisting essentially of, by weight, 0.02 to 0.1% of C, 0.3% or less of Si, 0.3 to 1.5% of Mn, 0.05% or less of P, 0.05% or less of Al, 0.6 to 2.0% of Cu, and a remainder of Fe and unavoidable impurities, 
     immediately or after heating the slab at a temperature of 950° to 1150° C., hot rolling the slab at a temperature of 750° to 900° C. to form a hot rolled coil, cold rolling the coil, and effecting a continuous hot-dip galvanizing by heating the coil at a temperature of 700° to 900° C. in a reducing atmosphere, cooling the coil at an average cooling rate of 3° C./sec or more and dipping the coil in a hot-dip galvanizing bath, so that the obtained product has a 0.6 times or more yield point strength at 600° C. compared to that at normal temperatures. 
     According to the present invention, there is also provided a method of producing a building low yield ratio hot-dip galvanized cold rolled steel sheet having an improved refractory property, comprising the steps of: 
     forming a slab from a steel consisting essentially of, by weight, 0.02 to 0.1% of C, 0.3% or less of Si, 0.3 to 1.5% of Mn, 0.05% or less of P, 0.05% or less of Al, 0.6 to 2.0% of Cu, 0.2 to 1.0 of Ni by Ni/Cu and a remainder of Fe and unavoidable impurities, 
     immediately or after heating the slab at a temperature of 950° to 1200° C., hot rolling the slab at a temperature of 750° to 900° C. to form a hot rolled coil, cold rolling the coil, and effecting a continuous hot-dip galvanizing by heating the coil at a temperature of 700° to 900° C. in a reducing atmosphere, cooling the coil at an average cooling rate of 3° C./sec or more and dipping the coil in a hot-dip galvanizing bath, so that the obtained product has a 0.6 times yield point strength at 600° C. compared to that at normal temperatures. 
     The reasons for the limitation of the numerical values of the constituent features of the present invention will now be explained. 
     The amount of C of the steel according to the present invention is defined as 0.1% or less, preferably 0.02 to 0.1%. In the present invention carbon (C) is necessary for strength, and if the steel contains less than 0.02% of C, it is difficult to provide the required strength. On the other hand, if more than 0.1% C, a quenching structure such as martensite, etc., is easily formed and the bending property is reduced. 
     The manganese (Mn) content is defined as 0.1 to 1.5%, preferably 0.3 to 1.5%. At a content of less than 0.1% C, the steel does not have a sufficient strength, but at a content of more than 1.5% C, a quenching structure is easily formed and the bending property becomes poor. 
     The silicon (Si) content is preferably defined as 0.3% or less. At a content of more than 0.3% Si, the adhesion becomes poor. 
     The phosphorus content (P) is defined as 0.1% or less, preferably 0.05% or less. At a content of more than 0.1% P, the toughness becomes low. Since a content of more than 0.03% P improved the corrosion resistance, the lower limit of P is preferably defined as 0.03%. 
     The aluminum (Al) content is defined as 0.06% or less, preferably, 0.05% or less. Al is necessary as deoxidizing agent, but a content of more than 0.06% Al, or more than 0.05% Al, lowers the plating adhesion force. 
     Further, the copper (Cu) content is defined as 0.6 to 2.0%. Cu is a very important element in the present invention, because Cu provides the high temperature strength which is the aim of the present invention, and ensures the normal temperature strength. Although the strengthening mechanism by Cu has not been clarified, it is believed that the normal temperature strength is due to the solid solution strengthening or slight cluster strengthening caused by Cu. A content of less than 0.6% Cu does not satisfy the degree of the oversaturation of Cu and does not provide a necessary high temperature strength. On the other hand, a content of more than 2.0% Cu leads to hot cracking. 
     The Ni content is preferably defined as 0.2 to 1.0 by Ni/Cu. The addition of Ni is effected to prevent the hot cracking. A content of less than 0.2 of Ni has no effect, and a content of more than 1.0 of Ni greatly increases costs, because of the high price of Ni, and thus causes an economical problem. 
     Further, the hot rolling according to the present invention, is defined as follows. 
     The hot rolling is carried out immediately after a slab-casting, i.e., a CC-direct rolling, or is carried out after heating a cast slab. The heating temperature is defined as 1200° C. or less, preferably, 950 to 1150° C. without the addition of Ni, and 950° to 1200° C. with the addition of Ni. If the upper limit of the heating temperature is exceeded, hot cracking cannot be avoided. When the above-mentioned CC-direct rolling is carried out, a heat retaining of the slab or heating edge of the slab can be effected at 950° C. or more, and this heating provides for a sufficient dissolution of Cu in the slab. 
     The finishing temperature of the hot rolling is defined as 750° C. or more, preferably 750° to 900° C. A finishing temperature of the hot rolling of less than 750° C. leads to a Cu precipitate deriving from a strain, and thus an amount of an oversaturated Cu at the normal temperature, which is needed for a high temperature strength, cannot be ensured. Further, to obtain a sufficient amount of the oversaturated Cu, the finishing temperature of the hot rolling is preferably 800° C. or more. Note, the upper limit, i.e., 900° C., of the finishing temperature thereof is determined from the capacity of the continuous casting installation. 
     After a hot rolled coil is cold rolled to form a cold rolled coil, the coil is hot-dip galvanized in a continuous hot-dip galvanizing process. In the galvanizing process, a heating temperature under a reducing atmosphere is defined as 700° to 900° C. A temperature of less than 700° C. cannot provide a sufficiently complete recrystallization, deteriorates the bending property, and generates precipitated Cu, and thus the required high temperature property and normal temperature property cannot be obtained. To ensure a complete recrystallization and an amount of an oversaturated Cu, a heating temperature of 800° C. or more is preferable. On the other hand, a temperature of more than 900° C. coarsens the crystal grains and lowers the normal temperature strength. 
     After heating the cold rolled coil at 700° to 900° C., the coil is cooled at an average cooling rate of 3° C./sec or more, since at a cooling rate of less than 3° C./sec, i.e., a gradual cooling, Cu is precipitated, and a required high temperature property and normal temperature property cannot be obtained. About 30° C./sec can be used as the upper limit. 
     According to the present invention, there is still further provided a building low yield ratio hot-dip galvanized cold rolled steel sheet having an improved refractory property, consisting essentially of, by weight, 0.01% or less of C, 0.1 to 0.5% of Mn, 0.1% or less of P, 0.06% or less of Al, 0.6 to 2.0% of Cu, and a remainder of Fe and unavoidable impurities and having a 0.6 times or more yield point strength at 600° C. compared to that at normal temperatures. 
     In the present invention, the steel sheet preferably contains 0.008 to 0.2% of Ti and/or 0.008 to 0.1% of Nb, and further, preferably contains 0.0001 to 0.003% of boron (B) or/and 0.2 to 1.0 of Ni by Ni/Cu. 
     According to the present invention, there is further provided a method of producing a building low yield ratio hot-dip galvanized cold rolled steel sheet having an improved refractory property, comprising the steps of: 
     forming a slab from a steel essentially consisting of, by weight, 0.01% or less of C, 0.1 to 0.5% of Mn, 0.1% or less of P, 0.06% or less of Al, 0.6 to 2.0% of Cu, and a remainder of Fe and unavoidable impurities, 
     immediately or after heating the slab at a temperature of 1150° C. or less, hot rolling the slab at an Ar 3  critical temperature to form a hot rolled coil and cold rolling the coil, effecting a continuous hot-dip galvanizing by heating the coil at a temperature of 750° to 900° C. with an average temperature rise speed of 1° C./sec or more in a reducing atmosphere, cooling the coil at an average cooling rate of 3° C./sec or more and dipping the coil in a hot-dip galvanizing bath, so that the obtained product has a 0.6 times or more yield point strength at 600° C. compared to that at normal temperatures. The steel preferably further contains 0.008 to 0.2% of Ti or/and 0.008 to 0.10% of Nb. Further, the steel preferably contains 0.0001 to 0.003% of B or/and 0.2 to 1.0 of Ni by Ni/Cu. 
     The reasons for the limitation of the numerical values of the constituent features of the present invention will be further explained. 
     The C content is defined as 0.01% or less. Namely, from the viewpoint of formability, the steel of the present invention is an extremely low carbon type. If necessary, Ti or/and Nb is added to form an IF (Interstitial Free) Steel. When the amount of C is large, the amount of Ti and/or Nb required to form the IF steel becomes large, with the result that the costs become high, and the workability and the toughness are lowered, and thus 0.005% or less of C is preferable. 
     The amount of Mn is defined as 0.1 to 0.5%. The addition of less than 0.1% leads to FeS brittleness, and the addition of more than 0.5% lowers the plating adhesion force. The amounts of P, Al and Cu are defined as 0.1% or less, 0.06% or less and 0.6 to 2.0%, for the same reasons as previously explained. 
     In the present invention, 0.008 to 0.2% of Ti and/or 0.008 to 0.1% of Nb are preferably added to form carbides. If these amounts are less than the lower limit, the steel does not become a required IF Steel, and when an overaging treatment is not effected after dipping a coil into a hot-dip galvanizing bath, problems such as stretcher strain arise. On the other hand, at amounts more than the upper limit, the costs become high, and the formability is deteriorated due to the solid-dissolved Ti and Nb. The amount of Ti and/or Nb is more preferably added in accordance with the following expression: 
     
         0.05≧12/48 [Ti (%)]+12/93 [Nb (%)≧[C (%)]. 
    
     In the present invention, B and/or Ni can be added if necessary. B (boron) is a grain boundary strengthening element. In the IF Steel according to the present invention, the content of a solid-dissolved carbon, which is also a grain boundary strengthening element, is small, and thus B is added to supplement this function. An amount of less than 0.0001% of B has little effect, and an amount of more than 0.003% of B causes a saturation of the effects. Ni is added as explained above. 
     The hot rolling conditions are defined as follows. 
     The hot rolling is immediately carried out after slab-casting (CC-direct rolling), or it is carried out after heating a cast slab at 1150° C. or less, which is effected to avoid hot cracking. 
     The finishing temperature of the hot rolling is defined as the Ar 3  critical point. Note, below the Ar 3  critical point the obtained hot rolled coil has a worked structure that must be hardened. The upper limit of the finishing temperature of the hot rolling is preferably 950° C. 
     The steel is cold rolled at a cold rolling reduction ratio of 5 to 90%. At a ratio lower than the lower limit (5%), the cold rolling effect is not obtained, and at a ratio above the upper limit (90%), the required surface flatness of the product cannot be obtained. 
     Subsequently, a hot-dip galvanizing process is effected by a continuous hot-dip galvanizing process, at an average temperature elevation speed of 1° C./sec or more. Below this value, Cu is precipitated when passing through a Cu-precipitating temperature region, and a required tensile strength cannot be obtained. Note, a speed of about 70° C./ sec of the average temperature elevation speed can be used. 
     The heating during the hot-dip galvanizing process is carried out at 750° to 900° C., and the average cooling rate is 3° C./sec or more. The reason for these limited values is substantially the same as explained above. Particularly, a cooling rate of about 100° C./sec can be used. An amount of 0.01 to 20% of Al can be added to a galvanizing bath used in the present invention. 
     Further, a low melting point alloy such as Pd-, Cd-, Sn- or Sb-alloy or Mg, can be added thereto in an amount of 1% or less. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The embodiments of the present invention will now be explained. 
     After molten steels having the compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 were produced by a convertor, the molten steels were continuously cast to form slabs. Thereafter, the slabs were immediately heated and hot rolled, and then, the obtained hot rolled coils were cold-rolled, and hot-dip galvanized by a continuous galvanizing process. 
     Table 3 shows the hot rolling conditions, cold rolling conditions, and continuous hot-dip galvanizing conditions. Tensile tests at normal temperatures were carried out by using JIS Z 2201 No. 5 test pieces with reference to JIS Z 2241. High temperature tests were carried out by elevating the temperature to 600° C. at the rate of 10° C./min., maintaining that temperature for 15 mins., and then carrying out the tensile tests, whereby the yield points were measured. 
     Further, when the obtained hot rolled coil was subjected to cold rolling, the appearance, i.e., surface defects derived from Cu, of the coil was observed over the whole length of the coil and was classified as follows: ⊚: good, o: substantially good, Δ: few defects found, X: many defects found (defective) 
     The workability of the material was evaluated by its bending property. JIS Z 2204 No. 3 test pieces were used, and the test method was carried out in accordance with JIS Z 2248. The bending angle was defined as 180° ; test pieces not cracked by the bending test are shown as o, and cracked test pieces are shown as x. 
     The plating adhesion property of the material was evaluated by an impact test. In this impact test method, a hemispherical punch having a diameter of 12.7 mm was dropped on a steel sheet, a tape was covered over the formed circular dent, the tape was peeled off, and the amount of plating material adhered to the tape was evaluated by the naked eye. 
     The results are shown in Table 3 as ⊚: few peeled points (good), o: several peeled points, Δ: more peeled portions (need to be repaired), x: many peeled portions (defective). 
     Table 3 shows the obtained characteristic values of the steel of the present invention and the comparative steel. The steel according to the present invention has no Cu problems in actual use, and satisfies the requirement for a yield point strength of 25 kgf/mm 2  or more, and further, showed a superior yield ratio, i.e., yield point strength/ tensile strength, of 80% or less, which is necessary for the earthquake resisting property. 
     Furthermore, the steel of the present invention has an improved bending property and a high high-temperature yield point strength at a temperature of 600° C. Namely, the steel of the present invention meets the requirement for a ratio of the high-temperature yield point strength to the normal temperature yield point strength of 0.6 or more. Note, most of the ratios obtained by the present invention were at a high level of, e.g., 0.7 or more. Further, the steel of the present invention has a superior plating adhesion force. 
     On the other hand, as shown in Tables 1 to 3, the steel sheet (or hoop) of the comparative examples showed a low level in at least one of the above characteristics. 
     
                                           TABLE 1                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
Steel                                                                     
    Composition (wt %)                                                    
Mark                                                                      
    C   Si Mn  P   Al  Cu  Ni Ni/Cu                                       
                                  Note                                    
__________________________________________________________________________
A   0.075                                                                 
        0.21                                                              
           1.48                                                           
               0.013                                                      
                   0.030                                                  
                       1.65                                               
                           0.82                                           
                              0.50                                        
                                  Invention                               
B   0.054                                                                 
        0.01                                                              
           0.93                                                           
               0.026                                                      
                   0.033                                                  
                       1.53                                               
                           -- --  Invention                               
C   *0.014                                                                
        0.23                                                              
           *0.21                                                          
               0.016                                                      
                   0.045                                                  
                       0.62                                               
                           -- --  Comparative Example                     
D   0.078                                                                 
        0.16                                                              
           0.73                                                           
               0.016                                                      
                   0.018                                                  
                       1.50                                               
                           1.36                                           
                              0.91                                        
                                  Invention                               
E   0.031                                                                 
        0.02                                                              
           0.77                                                           
               0.030                                                      
                   0.039                                                  
                       *0.42                                              
                           -- --  Comparative Example                     
F   *0.157                                                                
        0.29                                                              
           *1.78                                                          
               *0.083                                                     
                   0.048                                                  
                       1.12                                               
                           -- --  Comparative Example                     
G   0.080                                                                 
        0.48                                                              
           1.30                                                           
               0.024                                                      
                   *0.089                                                 
                       1.78                                               
                           0.59                                           
                              0.33                                        
                                  Comparative Example                     
H   0.065                                                                 
        0.03                                                              
           1.10                                                           
               0.024                                                      
                   0.023                                                  
                       1.91                                               
                           0.82                                           
                              0.43                                        
                                  Invention                               
I   0.044                                                                 
        0.07                                                              
           0.40                                                           
               0.040                                                      
                   0.042                                                  
                       *2.62                                              
                           0.34                                           
                              *0.13                                       
                                  Comparative Example                     
__________________________________________________________________________
 *Outside the range of the present invention                              
 
    
     
                                           TABLE 2                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
Steel                                                                     
    Composition (wt %)                                                    
Mark                                                                      
    C   Mn  P   Al  Cu  Ti  Nb  B   Ni Ni/Cu                              
                                           Expression                     
                                                 Note                     
__________________________________________________________________________
J   0.003                                                                 
        0.20                                                              
            0.005                                                         
                0.040                                                     
                    1.27                                                  
                        --  --  --  -- --  --    Invention                
K   0.004                                                                 
        0.18                                                              
            0.006                                                         
                0.045                                                     
                    1.50                                                  
                        --  --  --  0.82                                  
                                       0.55                               
                                           --    Invention                
L   0.004                                                                 
        0.31                                                              
            0.045                                                         
                0.036                                                     
                    1.33                                                  
                        0.113                                             
                            0.049                                         
                                --  -- --  0.035 Invention                
M   0.003                                                                 
        0.18                                                              
            0.005                                                         
                0.047                                                     
                    1.08                                                  
                        --  0.050                                         
                                --  0.73                                  
                                       0.68                               
                                           0.006 Invention                
N   0.004                                                                 
        0.23                                                              
            0.004                                                         
                0.049                                                     
                    1.25                                                  
                        0.056                                             
                            --  0.0007                                    
                                    0.67                                  
                                       0.54                               
                                           0.014 Invention                
O   0.006                                                                 
        0.46                                                              
            0.006                                                         
                0.042                                                     
                    *0.48                                                 
                        0.048                                             
                            0.023                                         
                                --  -- --  0.015 Comparative              
                                                 Example                  
P   *0.028                                                                
        0.36                                                              
            0.002                                                         
                0.048                                                     
                    1.05                                                  
                        0.158                                             
                            0.098                                         
                                --  -- --  0.052 Comparative              
                                                 Example                  
Q   0.007                                                                 
        0.38                                                              
            0.040                                                         
                0.039                                                     
                    *2.54                                                 
                        0.033                                             
                            0.023                                         
                                --  0.13                                  
                                       *0.05                              
                                           0.011 Comparative              
                                                 Example                  
R   0.003                                                                 
        0.29                                                              
            0.006                                                         
                0.042                                                     
                    1.73                                                  
                        0.043                                             
                            --  --  0.89                                  
                                       0.51                               
                                           0.011 Invention                
S   0.008                                                                 
        *0.85                                                             
            0.088                                                         
                *0.095                                                    
                    0.95                                                  
                        0.028                                             
                            0.024                                         
                                --  -- --  0.010 Comparative              
                                                 Example                  
T   0.004                                                                 
        0.39                                                              
            *0.165                                                        
                0.042                                                     
                    1.12                                                  
                        *0.355                                            
                            *0.250                                        
                                --  -- --  0.121 Comparative              
                                                 Example                  
__________________________________________________________________________
 *Outside the range of the present invention                              
  12/48 [Ti (%)] + 12/93 [Nb (%)]-                                        
 
    
     
         TABLE 3
  Properties at 600° C.  Hot-dip    Ratio of yield    galvanizing
 condition  Properties at normal temperature  strength at  Plating Hot
 rolling condition Cold  Average  Yield  Yield 600° C. to The
 adhesion    Heating Finishing rolling Reducing cooling Sheet point
 Tensile Yield Bending point yield strength appearance force   Steel
 temperature temperature reduction temperature rate thickness strength
 strength ratio test strength at normal of the Impact No. mark (°C.
 ) (°C.) (%) (°C.) (°C./s) (mm) (kgf/mm.sup.2)
 (kgf/mm.sup.2) (%) 180° (kgf/mm.sup.2) temperature coil test
 Note    1 A 1150 845 75 820 20 0.8 40.7 52.6 77.4 ∘ 26.9
 0.66 ⊚ ⊚ Invention  2 A 1100 830 75 850 25
 0.8 42.5 54.4 78.1 ∘ 27.8 0.65 ⊚ .circleincirc
 le. Invention  3 A 1100 810 75 *680  22 0.8 54.1 63.8 84.8  x 15.7  0.29
  ⊚ ⊚ Comparative                 Example
 4 B 1070 835 65 820 18 1.2 32.3 43.7 73.9 ∘ 22.4 0.69
 ⊚ ⊚ Invention  5 B *1290  840 65 780 16
 1.2 34.2 45.0 76.0 ∘ 21.6 0.63  Δ-x  Δ-x
 Comparative                 Example  6 B  820 65 810 16 1.2 33.8 44.3
 76.3 ∘ 22.9 0.68 ⊚ ⊚ Invention
  7 *C  1090 870 75 790 24 0.8 24.1 35.5 67.9 ∘ 13.5  0.56
 ⊚ ⊚ Comparative                 Example  8
 D 1190 850 75 820 22 0.8 36.7 48.4 75.8 ∘ 26.6 0.72 .circlein
 circle. ⊚ Invention  9 D 1100 *720  75 780 20 0.8 54.6
 62.7 87.1 ∘  20.3  0.37  ⊚ ⊚
 Comparative                 Example 10 *E  1040 850 77 800 15 1.4 30.4
 43.1 70.5 ∘ 10.0  0.33  ⊚ ⊚
 Comparative                 Example 11 *F  1080 845 65 850 19 1.2 74.6
 81.8 91.2  x  23.6  0.32  ⊚ ⊚ Comparative
                Example 12 *G  1120 810 75 890 21 0.8 41.0 52.5 78.1
 ∘ 27.9 0.68 ⊚  Δ-x Comparative
        Example 13 H 1140 860 79 840 27 0.6 37.3 49.2 75.8 ∘
 29.0 0.78 ⊚ ⊚ Invention 14 H 1120 825 79
 810   *1.5 0.6 54.5 58.6 93.0 ∘ 23.0  0.42  ⊚
 ⊚ Comparative                 Example 15 *I  1180 850 75
 800 24 0.8 35.1 49.4 71.1 ∘ 27.9 0.79  Δ-x  Δ-x
 Comparative                 Example
   Properties at 600° C.  Hot rolling      Ratio of yield
 condition  Hot-dip galvanizing condition  Properties at normal temperatur
 e  strength at  Plating   Heating Finishing Cold Average Reducing
 Average  Yield    Yield 600° C. to The adhesion    temper-
 temper- rolling temperature temper- cooling Sheet point Tensile Yield
 Bending point yield strength appearance force  Steel ature ature
 reduction elevation ature rate thickness strength strength ratio test
 strength at normal of the Impact No. mark (°C.) (°C.) (%)
 (°C./s) (°C.) (°C./s) (mm) (kgf/mm.sup.2) (kgf/mm.su
 p.2) (%) 180°  (kgf/mm.sup.2) temperature coil test Note
   16 J 1010 840 80 11 810 11 0.8 28.4 41.5 68.4 ∘ 21.3 0.75
 ⊚ ⊚ Invention 17 J 1010 840 80 15 *670  13
 0.8 52.6 57.4 91.6  x  15.9  0.30
   ⊚ ⊚-∘ Comparative
       Example 18 K 1030 830 80 13 820 12 0.8 30.9 43.7 70.7 ∘
  23.1 0.75 ⊚ ⊚ Invention 19 K 1040 840 80
 70 830 15 0.8 31.4 44.0 71.4 ∘ 24.8 0.79 ⊚
 ⊚ Invention 20 L 1085 840 75 12 810 10 0.8 27.4 42.6 64.3
 ∘ 20.2 0.73 ⊚ ⊚ Invention 21 L
 1085 850 75 10 760 13 0.8 29.2 45.3 64.5 ∘ 21.8 0.75
 ⊚ ⊚ Invention 22 L 1085 840 75 13 *680  10
 0.8 53.3 59.7 89.3  x  14.8  0.28
   ⊚ ⊚-∘ Comparative
       Example 23 L 1085 840 75
  *0.5 750 10 0.8 41.2 50.0 82.4 ∘ 15.2  0.37
   ⊚ ⊚ Comparative                  Example
 24 M 1045 830 73 10 830 20 1.2 29.5 43.2 68.3 ∘ 20.5 0.69
 ⊚ ⊚ Invention 25 M 1050 810 73 14 780 *1
 1.2 40.5 49.4 82.0 ∘ 14.6  0.36
   ⊚ ⊚ Comparative                  Example
 26 N  810 80 10 790 25 0.8 30.7 43.2 71.1 ∘ 19.1 0.62
 ⊚ ⊚ Invention 27 N *1250  830 80 13 810 28
 0.8 28.9 42.7 67.7 ∘ 19.9 0.68  Δ-x  Δ-x
 Comparative                  Example 28 *O  1100 840 80 12 780 15 1.0
 27.1 37.9 71.5 ∘ 14.6  0.54
   ⊚ ⊚ Comparative                  Example
 29 *P  1100 850 80 15 800 20 1.0 43.8 52.3 83.7
  x 27.2 0.62 ⊚ ⊚-∘ Comparative
                  Example 30 *Q  1120 830 80 10 810 14 1.0 31.4 47.4 66.2
 ∘ 25.0 0.80  Δ-x  Δ-x Comparative
   Example 31 R 1090 870 80 12 800  8 0.8 30.4 45.5 66.8 ∘
 22.3 0.73 ⊚-∘ ⊚-∘
 Invention 32 R 1110 880 80  9 *940  13 0.8 25.0 40.0 62.5 ∘
 13.2 *0.53  ⊚ ⊚ Comparative
   Example 33 R 1080 810 80 10 780 10 0.8 28.9 43.6 66.3 ∘
 21.8 0.75 ⊚ ⊚ Invention 34 *S  1060 850 80
 10 790 12 1.0 36.4 46.7 77.9 ∘ 22.0 0.60 ⊚
 Δ-x Comparative                  Example 35 *T  1100 830 80  9 800
 15 1.0 34.3 45.8 74.9  x
   21.5 0.63 ⊚ ⊚-∘ Comparative
                 Example
 *Outside the range of the present invention
  Lower level than the present invention