Liquid crystal display
This Application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 150,150 filed Jan. 29, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,875,378. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, and more particularly relates to a display device which is provided with a touch sensor. 
     There has been developed a liquid crystal display for use in lap-top personal computors or word-processors. For such liquid crystal displays, it will be convenient if the user can input information to the system through the display itself. This input method has already been available in case of CRTs. In the CRT of this type, a certain position is touched with a write pen whose tip is provided with a light sensor. In accordance with the timing of light reception at the tip, the touch position is detected. This structure, however, requires a somewhat complicated circuit increasing the production cost. Furthermore, this is not directly available for liquid crystal displays which utilize no scanning light. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display directly on which data inputting can be done. 
     In order to accomplish the above and other objects and advantages, a ferroelectric liquid crystal is used both as light influencing medium and as a pressure sensor. One cycle of scanning the display area is devoted to pressure detection for each several cycles of displaying frames. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     This invention can be better understood from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the drawing in which 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a liquid crystal display in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a driving circuit of the liquid crystal display illustrated in FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 3 is a graphical diagram showing a scanning signal for displaying an image on the liquid crystal display. 
     FIG. 4 is a graphical diagram showing control signals given to FETS of the driving circuit. 
     FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram for explanation of the pressure detection by means of the liquid crystal display. 
     FIG. 6 is a graphical diagram showing an example of signals appearing when several points of the liquid crystal display are pushed. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring now to FIG. 1, a perspective view showing a bistable liquid crystal display is illustrated in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The display comprises a pair of glass substrates 1 and 2 between which a ferroelectric liquid crystal material is disposed. The substrate 1 has a thickness of 0.5 mm and provides the front surface of the display. The substrate 2 is made of a soda-lime glass pane of a thickness of 1.1 mm and constitutes the supporting structure of the display. The insides surface of the substrates 1 and 2 are formed with parallel electrode strips constituting coloums and rows in a matrix arrangement respectively. 
     The electrode strips are formed by coating ITO films of 1300 Å on the substrate followed by excimer laser patterning. Peripheral circuits are formed simultaneously as well as contact patterns for making connection with IC chips 4. The inner surface of the substrate 1 is covered with a polyimide film of 200 angstroms thickness over the electrode strips. The polyimide film is thermally annealed for 2 hours at 280° C. in order to be converted to an imide film and given rubbing treatment using a cloth which is characterized by a long soft pile. The inside surface of the other substrate 2 is coated with a SiO 2  film of 150 angstroms thickness over the electrode and with an adhesive film pattern surrounding the pattern. After dusting the inside surface of the substrate 2 with spacers of 2.5 diameter SiO 2  particles, the two substrates are joined under a pressure of 2 Kg/cm 2  at 180° C. for two hours. Then, a ferroelectric liquid crystal material is disposed between the substrates by vacuum injection. Finally, IC chips for signal processing are mounted on and connected with the peripheral circuit. 
     Now, a driving method for the display will be explained. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the liquid crystal driving system. In the figure, only a 3×3 matrix display is illustrated for the purpose of clarity. In actual configurations, more large scale matrices may be employed. The row strips are connected to a pulse generator 11 which supplies addressing pulsed signals as illustrated in FIG. 3. In synchronization with the addressing signals, the column strips are supplied with data signals from a segment driver 13 in order to display a visual image on the matrix. Each signal is generated by use of a shift register. 
     One frame is constructed during each 1/30 second, i.e. there are 30 scanning cycles within one second. Out of the 30 cycles, the 30th cycle is alloted to a pressure detecting action. The addressing signal and the data signal are kept at a zero level during the 30th cycle as illustrated in FIG. 3. The row strips are connected to the ground terminal through FETs 15 whose gates are supplied with control signals from a shift register 17. The column strips are connected to one input terminals of AND gates 19 through operational amplifiers 21. The other input terminals are connected to a high voltage source Vdd through a FET. The output terminals of the AND gates 19 are coupled to the input terminals of a shift resister 25. During the 30th cycle, the FETs are supplied with control signals as illustrated in FIG. 4 while the AND gates are enabled by inputtig a signal to the gate of the FET 23. By virtue of the control signals, the row strips are grounded successively. Numeral 27 designates a control device which controls each element of the driving circuits for display and pressure detection. 
     When the liquid crystal layer between the substrate is pressed at a certain position, a voltage is generated across the liquid crystal layer at the position. In FIG. 5, a schematic diagram is illustrated showing an electric circuit which is realized if position A is pressed. The FET connected to the first row is turned on during the first third of the detecting period. The shift register receives the data of the first row as (100) in synchronization with the turning on of the FET. The data is taken out from the shift register by shifing action. A signal timing chart of gate control signals input to the FETs and data input to the shift register when positions A, E and H are pushed is illustrated in FIG. 6. 
     While several embodiments have been specifically described by way of examples, it is to be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the particular examples described and that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.