Method and apparatus for installing a fiber optic cable by capture of a coupling nut or coupling nut assembly
This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 07-633,149 filed on Dec. 24, 1990, (now abandoned) having the same title, the same inventor and retaining the original filing date of the prior application. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates to a method and apparatus for installing pre-connectorized fiber optic cables. More particularly, the invention relates to novel connectors and coupling assemblies which allow for factory connectorization of fiber optic cables and for ease of cable installation in the field by providing for a reduced installation profile for the connector bundle. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     Typically, fiber optic cables installed in or between buildings to enable intra-organizational data and telephone communications are housed in conduits and connected with de-matable connectors. The benefits of fiber optics for use in these local networks are many; however, the primary benefit lies in the ability to send the information of many telecommunication instruments over an exceedingly small number of channels as compared to conventional copper cables. A single pair of optical fibers may, in fact, replace several hundred pairs of copper cables. 
     Because of the present tendency toward high capacity small cables, fiber optic cables are often installable where conventional copper or coaxial cables of equivalent capacity will not fit, e.g., small or congested cable ducts. Copper or coaxial cable bundles are large as 100 mm in diameter can be avoided in favor of fiber optic cables as small as 3 mm in diameter. 
     Unfortunately, single channel de-matable fiber optic connectors used to terminate the cable are typically 8 to 20 millimeters in diameter. This results in connector bundle sizes several times the diameter of the cable. For example, a typical AT&amp;T Technologies connector used to terminate a typical 6 channel, 8 mm diameter, fiber optic cable will result in a bundle size of 36.7 mm which is over four (4) times the size of the cable. The National Electrical Code limits a single cable to 53% of the conduit area. Thus, the 8 mm cable can easily fit a 1/2 inch standard conduit. The same cable with pre-installed connectors would require a 11/2 inch standard conduit just to clear the connector bundle. Pulling equipment may dictate an even larger size conduit. The existence of previously installed cable and/or a series of 90 degree conduit bends might raise the required conduit size even higher. To compound these problems, the typical cable grip used to install cables in conduits does not expand more than a few percent larger than the minimum allowable cable diameter, i.e., it will not fit over a connector bundle with a diameter more than a few percent larger than the cable diameter. 
     This situation has almost universally resulted in field connectorization (as opposed to the more desirable factory connectorization) of duct-installed fiber optic cables. Unfortunately, to install the typically epoxy and polish connector takes approximately 20 to 40 minutes per end (two ends per connection) requiring approximately 40 separate steps. For example, some of these required steps include: (1) stripping the jacket away from the cable; (2) folding back the Kevlar material and stripping the buffer material; (3) cleaving or putting a break in the fiber such that the break is perpendicular to the axis of the fiber; (4) cementing the fiber inside of the connector with epoxy; and (5) polishing the fiber optic connector. The connectors may each cost as much as $25.00 or more. An incorrect installation or accidental breakage of the fragile fiber may necessitate that the connector be cut off, discarded and a new installation procedure begun having to again perform all of the time-consuming steps including that of polishing the connector which is perhaps the most time-consuming. As a result, field installation of de-matable connectors is performed by highly skilled personnel. It is not uncommon for this connectorization to be done by highly skilled, degreed engineers. 
     In a previous U.S. Pat. No. 4,711,517, the authors address the issue by providing for coupling nut installation after cable installation by pushing the coupling nut, which has an expandable internal spring clip, over the bevelled land of the connector body. The spring clip is finally captured in a groove around the connector body. Alternatively, internal to the coupling nut is a bevelled land which compressed a spring clip captured in a groove around the connector body as the coupling nut is pushed over the connector body. Finally the boss or the bevelled land is captured between the spring clip and the stationary clip of the connector body. However, the approaches of U.S. Pat. No. 4,711,517 require modifications of existing connector designs which are impractical in many cases. The apparatus and method described herein results in an improved approach to post-installation of the coupling nut compatible with existing connector designs. 
     In view of the foregoing problems, it is apparent that there is a need in the fiber optic art and industry for an improved apparatus and method for installing fiber optic cables which would allow for the tedious and time-consuming connectorization of fiber optic cables in the factory prior to the field installation of the cable. Moreover, there is a need for an approach to factory installation which can be applied to the majority of connectors being used in local area networks. 
     Accordingly, I have invented a new and improved method and apparatus which primarily comprises novel connector assemblies which may be assembled on the fiber optic cable in the factory where all of the tedious steps to prepare the cable and connector may be done. 
     It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a means of reducing both the cost and complexity of fiber optic cable duct installation by enabling factory performance of the complex fiber/connector mate and polish process, while field personnel can use conventional cable installation equipment and processes to place the pre-connected cable in the customer&#39;s conduit. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cable. The cable may have a single unit or may be one unit of a multi-fiber cable. The optical fiber cable is secured to the connector body without the connector nut. The fiber end of the connector body is polished or otherwise made smooth and flat. The connector body is provided with a circumferential groove at its midsection, containing a retaining ring. The connector body has also been provided with a spring with one end secured nearest the fiber end of the connector and with its opposite end toward the retaining ring or the connector. At this point, the connector assembled on the cable has its smallest profile facilitating the easiest installation in the cable conduit. After installation, the connector coupling nut used to mate and un-mate the connector bodies is screwed onto the spring and connector body until it is captured between the end of the and the retaining ring seated in the circumferential groove on the connector body. This process is facilitated by providing spiral grooves, to accommodate the spring, on the inside diameter of the connector coupling nut. 
     Alternatively, the connector body may be provided with a second circumferential groove at the end nearest the fiber end of the connector containing a retaining ring to accept the thrust of the secured end of the spring. 
     According to another aspect of this invention, the connector body is provided with a circumferential shoulder at its midsection. At this point, the connector bundle assembled on the cable has its smallest profile facilitating the easiest installation in the cable conduit. After installation, the connector coupling nut assembly used to mate and un-mate the connector bodies is slid onto the connector body and secured in place with a suitable fastening method. 
     According to another aspect of this invention, a universal connector body is provided with the capability of mating with most existing connectors on the market. This universal capability is afforded by providing a universal inner housing which mates with a wide variety of coupling nut assemblies or outer housings, allowing these coupling nut assemblies or outer housings to mate with the universal connector body. The connector body design has the fiber terminated to a precision tip, which is spring-loaded within the housing to which the strength member is terminated to prevent interruption of the optical signal if the cable is pulled or otherwise disturbed. This design also provides for the take-up of slack buffered fiber due to the retraction of the spring-loaded tip. The manner in which the universal connector body mates with the universal inner housing provides a method of indexing the rotation of the connector body, allowing it to be tuned as to insertion loss upon installation or thereafter. The inner housing is compatible with a wide variety of connector outer housings, including ST, SC, FC, D4, and high-density types described herein. 
     The termination of the connector body to an optical fiber is facilitated by its unique design, which greatly simplifies the process as compared to conventional pull-proof connectors. The connector body may be terminated for pulling through a building duct by employing a unique process and a special pull boot described herein. 
     Finally, a unique high-density ST-compatible simplex or duplex push-pull outer housing design is described which is compatible with the universal connector body and inner housing. (ST is a trademark of AT&amp;T.) Other connector type adaptations for the outer housing of the Universal Connector Body are also provided. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1a is a cross-section of the connector and coupling nut in a captured condition for one embodiment of the invention. 
     FIG. 1b is a cross-section of the connector and coupling nut in the captured condition for another embodiment of the invention. 
     FIG. 1c is a cross-section of the connector and coupling nut in the captured condition for yet another embodiment of the invention. 
     FIG. 2a is a cross-section of FIG. 1a without the connector body. 
     FIG. 2b is a cross-section of FIG. 1b without the connector body. 
     FIG. 2c is a cross-section of FIG. 1c without the connector body. 
     FIG. 3a is a cross-section of the connector body of FIG. 1a without the coupling nut of FIG. 2a. 
     FIG. 3b is a cross-section of the connector body of FIG. 1b without the coupling nut of FIG. 2b 
     FIG. 3c is a cross-section of the connector body of FIG. 1c without the coupling nut of FIG. 2b 
     FIG. 4 is a cross-section of the coupling nut of FIG. 2b being installed on the connector body of FIG. 3b. 
     FIG. 5 is a cross-section of the universal connector body which is compatible with ST, SC, FC, and D4 connectors for one embodiment of the invention. 
     FIG. 5a shows an axial crossection of the universal connector body. 
     FIG. 6 shows the assembly sequence for the universal connector body. 
     FIG. 7 shows the procedure for inserting the aramid yarn (kevlar) strength member of the fiber optic cable into the pulling protector which houses and protects one or more universal connector bodies during installation for another embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 8 shows the procedure for tying the aramid yarn strength member to secure the pulling protector in the pulling configuration. 
     FIG. 9 shows the universal inner housing which can be mated to a variety of outer housing configurations including ST, SC, FC, and D4 types. The pre-terminated universal connector body is slid the universal inner housing enabling it to be connected to communications networks. 
     FIG. 9a shows a cross section of the universal connector body inserted into the inner housing. The outer housing is omitted for clarity. 
     FIG. 10 shows the ST outer housing which is assembled onto the universal inner housing for mating with the a pre-terminated universal connector body after the pre-terminated universal connector body is pulled into a communications duct. This figure shows how the extended position of the jaw hold out forces the polymeric jaw of the connector open when the connector is in an unmated configuration. 
     FIG. 11 shows a longitudinal cross section of the ST outer housing assembled onto the universal inner housing of FIG. 10, showing the extended position of the jaw hold out. 
     FIG. 12 shows the ST outer housing configuration of FIG. 10 with the universal connector body inserted. The assembly is plugged into a coupling receptacle for mating to another ST connector. 
     FIG. 13 shows the longitudinal crossection of the ST outer housing configuration plugged into a coupling receptacle of FIG. 12, showing the jaw hold out pushed into the retracted position by the coupling receptacle. 
     FIG. 14 shows a method for using an ST connector clamp for combining two ST outer housings into a high-density duplex connector assembly using an outer housing clamp. 
     FIG. 15 shows a method for combining two ST coupling receptacles into a high-density duplex coupling receptacle assembly to receive the high-density duplex connector assembly. 
     FIG. 16 and 17 show the top view of the two ST coupling receptacles combined into a high-density duplex coupling receptacle assembly of FIG. 15, showing the way the coupling key of one connector plugs into the jaw boss receptacle of the other connector. 
    
    
     BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     The drawings depict typical configurations of commercially available connectors. 
     Reference is made to FIGS. 1a, 2a, and 3a of the drawings in detail which show three embodiments of the connector assembly of the present invention generally designated 10, 11, and 12, respectively. The assembly 10 of FIG. 1a comprises a combined coupling nut 12 of FIG. 2a and connector assembly 11 of FIG. 3a, attached to a cable 13. 
     Referring to FIG. 3a, the connector assembly 11 has a spring clip 22 installed in a groove 23 of connector body 9. Connector assembly 11 also has a spring 24, with an internal diameter somewhat larger than that of connector body 9, installed so that the end distant from the spring clip 22 is secured at a point 26 to prevent rotation. The connector assembly 11 which includes clip 22 and spring 24, is installed on a fiber optic cable 13 by a crimp sleeve 14 or other means. The cable 13 contains a fiber 15 covered by a buffer coating 21 which is partially stripped back to point 27 to facilitate fiber end preparation. A fiber end 20 is prepared and the assembly 11, attached to cable 13, is installed in a duct or other facility in preparation for connection to a communication or data device. After installation in a duct or other facility, the coupling nut 12 is installed to enable connection to the communication or data device. 
     Referring to FIG. 2a, the coupling nut 12 has an internal groove 32 with an outside diameter somewhat larger than the outside diameter of the spring 24 and inside diameter somewhat larger than the outside diameter of the connector body 9. This groove 32 allows the coupling nut 12 to be screwed onto the spring 24 secured to connector body 9. Spring 24 enters groove 32 at entry point 34. 
     The coupling nut 12 is installed by placing the grooved end of the nut 12 over the fiber end 20 of the connector until the grooved end of the coupling nut 12 rests against the end of the spring 24. Rotation of the coupling nut 12 allows the end of the spring 24 to mate with the groove entry point 34. The coupling nut 12 is then screwed onto the spring 24 and connector body 9 until the coupling nut 12 rests between the spring 24 and the retaining clip 22, as shown in FIG. 1a. The continuing rotation of nut 12 compressed the spring 24 resulting in nut 12 being captured between the end of spring 24 and clip 22. 
     In a further embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to FIGS. 1b, 2b, 3b and 4 of the drawings in detail. Referring to FIG. 1b, the connector-nut assembly, generally designated by reference numeral 7, comprises a combined fiber optic connector body 40 and coupling nut 41. 
     Referring to FIG. 3b, the connector assembly 40 is mated to a fiber optic cable 13a with a crimp coupling 14a. The fiber optic cable 13a contains a fiber 15a with a polished or otherwise well prepared end 20a. Fiber 15a is covered by a buffer coat 21a which is a partially stripped back to point 27a to facilitate fiber end preparation. As previously described, the fiber optic cable 13a may be a sub-unit of a multi-fiber cable in which the connector assembly 40 may be one or several connectors terminating the multi-fiber cable end. The connector body 6 has installed upon it a coil spring 19 having the end proximate the polished fiber end 20a secured to the side of said connector body at point 28. A ring clip 17, next to the secured spring end proximate the polished fiber end 20a, protects the connector body 6 from being scored by the secured spring end. 
     Referring to FIG. 2b, the coupling nut 41 has an internal groove 44 with an outside diameter somewhat larger than the outside diameter of the spring 19 and inside diameter somewhat larger than the outside diameter of the connector body 6. This groove allows the coupling nut 41 to be screwed onto the spring secured to connector body 6. 
     In a still further embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to FIGS. 1c, 2c, and 3c of the drawings in detail. Referring to FIG. 3c, a connector body 50 has installed upon it a coil spring 49 with an end 53 secured in boss 52, proximate the polished fiber end, and an end 57 freely disposed about boss 56, which is attached to retaining ring 58. The end 53 fits into a corresponding notch in the mating female connector (not shown) to prevent connector rotation. 
     Referring to FIG. 2c, a coupling nut 51 has an internal groove 54 which provides clearance for the spring end 53. The internal groove 54 has an inside diameter slightly larger than the diameter of first boss 52 and second boss 56 and an outside diameter slightly larger than that of spring ends 53 and 57. This groove allows the coupling nut 51 to be slid over the secured end 53 of said spring. 
     After the cable and connector body assembly are installed in the duct or other facility, the coupling nut 51 is installed by sliding it over the polished fiber end 20b of the connector. It is then slid over the boss 53 with the internal groove 54 aligned to accommodate spring end 53. It is next slid to boss 56 where groove 54 allows the coupling nut to be screwed onto boss 56 and spring end 57 until the coupling nut 51 rests between the spring and the retaining washer 58, as shown in FIG. 1c. 
     In yet another embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to FIGS. 5a, 5b, and 5c of the drawings in detail. Referring to FIG. 5a, connector assembly 2 includes a fiber optic connector body 61 and coupling nut assembly 69. 
     Referring to FIG. 5b, assembly 69 has an inner housing 63 which has a longitudinal bore made up of a large internal diameter section 64 and a slightly smaller inner diameter section 68. Sections 64 and 68 are joined at a shoulder 66. Inner housing 63 has a groove 80 for a C-clip 64c which captures a coupling nut 67 between it and a retaining spring 65. Housing 63 has a boss 63c which engages a groove when mating with a similar connector and cable (not shown). 
     Referring to FIG. 5c, the connector body 61 includes a fiber optic cable 13c, a precision tip 62, a connector body midsection 18c, and a coupling 14c. Coupling 14c crimps cable 13c to midsection 18c. Cable 13c is stripped to expose a fiber 15c with a polished or otherwise well prepared end 20c, and a buffer coat 21c. Fiber 15c is stripped back to point 27c to facilitate fiber end preparation. As previously described, the fiber optic cable 13c may be a sub-unit of a multi-fiber cable in which assembly 2 may be one of several connectors terminating the multi-fiber cable end. Midsection 18c has a diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the precision tip 62. The diameters join at a shoulder 19c. 
     Section 68 of the inner housing 63 has an internal diameter slightly smaller than the outer diameter of midsection 18c, such that, when section 64 of assembly 69 is slid over the precision tip 62 of the connector body 61 and toward the cable end of the connector body 61, the shoulder 68 of the coupling nut assembly 69 comes to rest against the shoulder 19c of the connector body as shown in FIG. 5a. In this position the coupling nut assembly 69 is captured on the connector body 61 with a suitable fastening means known in the industry. Typical fastening methods may be by epoxy means or screw threads, etc. 
     In another embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to FIGS. 5, 5a, and 6 of the drawings. FIG. 5 shows the universal connector body 70a terminated to an optical fiber cable 26d. The optical fiber cable is of a known construction having the cable jacket cut back to expose a buffered optical fiber 28d surrounded by an aramid yarn strength member 29d which exits the cable at the end point of the cable jacket 30d. The unique design of the universal connector body allows the strength member to exit the end point of the cable jacket 30d and loop back over the outside of the cable 26d. Referring to FIG. 5a, this unique design involves the construction of the crossection of the accumulator/crimp sleeve 10d as a regular polygon, enabling the aramid yarn strength member 29d to loop back over the outside of the cable 26d into the space between the cable jacket 27d and the polygon-shaped internal diameter of the accumulator/crimp sleeve 10d, as shown in FIG. 5a. Referring to FIG. 6, a cylindrical crimp anvil 20d is slid over the buffered optical fiber 28d and inserted between the buffered optical fiber and the aramid yarn 29d. This crimp anvil 20d allows the aramid yarn 29d in the cable, the cable jacket 27d and the looped back aramid yarn to be crimped together between the crimp anvil 20d and the accumulator/crimp sleeve 10d. This double-crimping of the aramid yarn securely ties the universal connector body 70a to the fiber optic cable 26d  allowing the full strength of the aramid yarn to be used to pull the cable assembly into the communication facility. 
     In another embodiment of the present invention, reference is made again to FIG. 6 which shows the procedure for assembly of universal connector body 70a. The universal connector body 70a is composed of spring tip 6d, accumulator/crimp sleeve 10d, spacer 13d, and crimp anvil 20d. 
     FIG. 6 also shows the crossection, exposing the details, of the spring tip 6d of the universal connector body 70a, which is composed of a precision tip 3d for centering and securing the fiber of fiber optic cable 26d, a spring tip spring 2d for providing a force to maintain the precision tips of mated connectors in contact, fiber tube 5d which aids in feeding the fiber 30d into the precision tip, sliding key 4d, and outer tube 1d. The precision tip 3d is secured to the outer tube 1d which is secured to the fiber tube 5d. 
     FIG. 6 shows the procedure for assembling the universal connector body onto cable 26d containing buffered fiber 28d. The cable 26d is prepared by stripping it back exposing the buffer tube 28d. The buffer tube is stripped back a predetermined length exposing the fiber 31d. The crimp anvil 20d is inserted between the aramid strength member 29d of the cable 26d to provide a rigid surface upon which to crimp the accumulator/crimp sleeve 10d. The spring tip 6d is installed over the fiber 31d and the buffer tube 28d and secured in place, as shown. The spacer 13d is a cylinder with a longitudinal slot 32d wide enough to accept the buffered fiber 28d. The spacer is installed over the buffered fiber 28d, between the spring tip 6d and the cable 26d, through slot 32d of the spacer 13d. Finally, the accumulator/crimp sleeve is slid over the spring tip, spacer, cable and aramid yarn and crimped to the cable at the center of the accumulator/crimp. 
     In still another embodiment of the present invention reference is made to a cable assembly pulling protector 130, shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, for pulling one or more pre-terminated universal connector bodies 70a into the duct or other distribution facility of a communication network. 
     The pulling protector 130 consists of a central cylinder 132 large enough to house one or several pre-terminated universal connector bodies. The central cylinder 132 is securely attached to one or more open-ended tubes 134 and one or more open-ended tubes 138 to house the aramid yarn of the fiber optic cable pre-terminated to the universal connector bodies for pulling the pre-terminated universal connector bodies into the duct or other distribution facility of a communication network. FIG. 7 shows the first step in the installation of the pulling protector 130 which is the process of inserting the universal connector body or bodies with untrimmed aramid yarn 26d into the pulling protector and inserting the aramid yarn 26d into open-ended tubes 138 and 134 of the pulling protector 130. 
     FIG. 8 shows the second step in the installation of the pulling protector 130 which is the process of tying the aramid yarn 26d into a knot 16d to secure pulling protector 130 in the pulling configuration. Referring to FIG. 8 at least one open ended tube 134 is long enough and flexible enough to allow it to be looped around to another open ended tube 138 where the loop is secured for pulling by tying the aramid yarn. Openings 136 are provided in the side of central cylinder 132 near the beginning of the open-ended tubes for feeding through the aramid yarn from the cable of the connector bodies. 
     The pulling protector 130 is used to pull or otherwise install universal connector body 70a in a communications facility. The aramid yarn 26d is severed from the universal connector body after installation. 
     In another embodiment of the present invention reference is made to FIGS. 5, 5a, 6, 9, 9a, and 13 of the drawings for a method of adjusting the precision tip of the universal connector body to minimize the connection loss. 
     After installation of the connector body in a pulling protector inside a duct or other communications facility, the universal connector body is removed from the pulling protector and the aramid yarn 26d is severed from the universal connector body. 
     FIG. 9 shows the universal inner housing 60. In FIG. 13 he universal inner housing 60 is shown mated with the universal connector body 70a at its interior, after having one of various outer housings (ST, in this case) installed about its exterior, to enable the universal connector body 70a to be connected to a communications network. 
     Referring to FIG. 9 to mate the universal connector body with the universal inner housing, the pre-connectorized universal connector body 70a is slid into the interior of the universal inner housing 60 past retaining tabs 50d. Expansion slot 49d enables the universal connector body to force open the end of the inner housing, enabling the universal connector body to be captured within the inner housing between tabs 50d and tabs 51d at the other end. 
     The universal connector body 70a and the universal inner housing 60 have several unique features. Referring to FIG. 6 the fiber tube 5d of the universal connector body 70a is securely mated to the precision tip 3d through the outer housing 1d. The fiber tube 5d has an external geometrical crossection which mates with a sliding fit to the internal geometrical crossection of the sliding key 4d. This allows the sliding key 4d to slide on the fiber tube without rotation, while pushing the precision tip 3d forward by the spring 2d to mate the precision tip 3d with the precision tip of the mating connector. 
     The sliding key 4d has an external geometrical crossection which mates with a sliding fit to the internal geometrical crossection of the accumulator/crimp sleeve 10d which allows it to slide on the sliding key without rotation. 
     The accumulator/crimp sleeve 10d has an external geometrical crossection which mates with a sliding fit to the internal geometrical crossection of the inner housing 60. This intermating of geometrical crossections allows all components to slide within each other without rotation. 
     The the unique inter-matability of the components of the universal inner housing and the universal outer housing enable the user to index the universal connector body within the universal inner housing by removing the connector and rotating the connector body in 45-degree increments for an octagon cross section, 60-degree increments for a hexagon cross section, and so on. Each rotational index allows the connector body to mate with its counterpart connector body at a different angle. The loss at each angle can be recorded and the angle of minimum power loss or minimum power back-reflection can be selected. This approach is particularly useful in the establishment of single-mode transmission links using lasers or laser diodes where the loss and back-reflection values affect the performance of the link. 
     Anytime after the pre-connectorized universal connector body is captured within the inner housing, expansion of the universal inner housing at slot 49d using the proper tool allows the universal connector body to be removed, rotated, and reinserted. This ability to change the orientation of the universal connector body with respect to the inner and outer housings is an improvement over connectors presently available on the market. Conventional connectors enable indexing of the fiber cable mated to the precision tip before final assembly. However these connectors require that the precision tp be cemented in place at final assembly to prevent rotation during use. The present invention does not require the connector parts to be cemented in place, because the unique inter-mating geometrical cross sections of the connector body and inner housing prevent rotation after assembly. 
     According to another aspect of this invention, reference is made to FIGS. 1c, 2c, 10, 11, 12, and 13. These drawings depict an improvement over the conventional push-and-twist ST connector in favor of a novel push-pull ST-compatible outer housing which mates with the universal connector body after it is pulled into a communications facility. 
     FIGS. 1c and 2c show one embodiment of the present invention which is a duct-pullable ST-compatible connector which allows the coupling nut 51 to be installed after the pre-connectorized connector body 50 is pulled into a communications duct or other cable routing facility. However, the coupling nut 51 of this approach, is mated to the coupling receptacle with a twist-and-push action. This necessity to twist-and-push this connector precludes placing connector receptacles in close proximity. 
     FIGS. 10 and 11 show another embodiment of the present invention, the ST outer housing 100. This outer housing is mated with the universal inner housing 60 to accept the universal connector body 70a. The ST outer housing 100 is composed of the polymeric jaw 45d, which opens into two halves, a coupling key 7g on one half of the polymeric jaw, a coupling key receptacle 7e on the other half of the polymeric jaw, a jaw clamp 43d for clamping the polymeric jaw shut, a jaw hold out 46d for holding the polymeric jaw 45d open, a jaw hold out boss 57d, attached to the jaw hold out, which slides between the two halves of the polymeric jaw, a jaw hold out boss cut-out 8e for receiving the jaw hold out boss when the polymeric jaw is closed, a coupling receptacle boss cut-out 9e for receiving the coupling receptacle boss 10e when the polymeric jaw is closed, and a hold out spring 44d for pushing the jaw hold out 46d into position to hold the polymeric jaw 45d open. 
     Referring to FIGS. 10, 11, 12, and 13 the ST outer housing operates as follows: FIGS. 10 and 11 show the outer housing in an uncoupled condition. In this condition the jaw clamp 43d is pulled back allowing the hold out spring 44d to push the jaw hold out 46d into the forward position. In this position, the jaw hold out boss 57d moves out of the jaw hold out boss cut-out forcing the polymeric jaw 45d open as shown in FIG. 10. In this position the jaw hold out 46d is partially blocking the cavity for the coupling receptacle 3e and the polymeric jaw is held open by the jaw hold out boss. The open polymeric jaw 45d keeps the jaw clamp 43d open. 
     FIGS. 12 and 13 show the ST-compatible connector assembly 2g of this invention, with the strain relief boot 120 installed, coupled to coupling receptacle 3d. In this condition the jaw hold out 46d has been pushed back compressing the hold out spring 44d. In this position, the jaw hold out boss 57d moves into the jaw hold out boss cut-out 8e allowing the polymeric jaw 45d to close capturing the coupling receptacle bosses 10e in the coupling receptacle boss cut outs 9e as shown in FIG. 12. The polymeric jaw 45d is kept closed when the jaw clamp 43d is pushed toward the coupling receptacle 3g until it reaches its detent position over the coupling receptacle boss cut-out 9e. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, reference is made to FIGS. 14, 15, 16, and 17 of the drawings. These figures refer to a device and method for combining the ST connector assemblies of this invention into a high density duplex connector. 
     FIG. 14 shows two ST-compatible connector assemblies 2g being inserted into outer housing clamp 4g. FIG. 15 shows the clamped connectors being plugged into a high density duplex coupling receptacle 5g. FIGS. 16 and 17 demonstrate how the coupling key 7g of one connector is inserted into the coupling key receptacle 7e of another to lock the two connector polymeric jaws together, maintaining proper orientation while clamped in the Outer housing clamp. 
     It should be further understood that the applicant has disclosed and described the invention making reference only to certain preferred embodiments of the invention and the best modes for carrying out the invention which are now known to applicant. 
     However, the applicant contemplates that there may be various other adaptations and alterations for the method and apparatus disclosed herein and claimed. Thus, the applicant intends that all such adaptations and variations are all within the spirit of this invention and the appended claims.