Therapeutic agent for sleep apnea
This application is a 371 of PCT/JP90/00947 filed July 25, 1990. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of sleep apnea. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     Sleep apnea is a disease in which apnea occurs during sleep without subjective symptom. It is more prevailing in male middle- and old-aged persons in their forties and fifties and approximately one per 100 persons is reported to suffer from the disease. In the disease there is repeated many times in sleep a sequence of 20-40 second&#39;s apnea, about 10 second&#39;s pneusis and 20-40 second&#39;s apnea. For example, approximately 400. occurrences of apnea during a 6.5-hour sleep, corresponding to a total apneic time of approximately 4 hours are observed. As a result, there occur phenomena such as daytime sleepiness to cause a trouble in driving or working, and when conditions are severer, loss of energy or appetite, swelling in the lower part of body and shortness of breath. Increase in leucocyte number, development of polycythemia and even cardiomegaly are then associated. Furthermore, decrease in oxygen concentration in blood is induced, which can be a cause of sudden death. The disease are observed not only in adults of middle or advanced age but also in infants, and may be an indirect cause of hypertension, cardiac insufficiency and arrhythmia. 
     Therapy currently adopted for the disease include bodyweight reduction (the frequency in obese people is as high as 83%), pressure application through the nose (CPAP), surgical operation (tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy) and use of a drug such as acetazolamide. Although drug administration is the simplest treatment among them, there have been found no effective drugs currently in use. 
     DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION 
     As a result of extensive studies on drugs for the treatment of sleep apnea, we have discovered pharmaceutical compositions which are capable of producing excellent results. 
     Thus the invention relates to a therapeutic agent for sleep apnea which comprises a pharmaceutical composition containing an effective amount of ubidecarenone and pharmaceutical carriers. 
     The active ingredient for the present invention, ubidecarenone, which is also called coenzyme Q 10 , is a constituent of the mitochondrial lipids in cells and is reported to participate in oxidation-reduction reactions as a constituent in the ATP production-conjugating electron transport system. Because of less adverse reactions, it is now in wide use as a myocardial activator for the improvement of symptoms associated with slight or moderate congestive heart failure and is under basic therapy (edema, pulmonary congestion, hepatic swelling and angina pectoris). 
     The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are prepared by combining ubidecarenone with appropriate pharmaceutical carriers (including conventional pharmaceutical adjuvants such as diluent, binder, filler, disintegrating agent, flavor, colorant, lubricant or preservative). 
     The compositions are preferably formulated to a unit dosage form and made an adequate form for medical use. 
     A dosage of ubidecarenone depends upon conditions of the patient. It also depends particularly upon patient&#39;s capacity in absorbability of the drug, as well as frequency and route of administration. 
     Ubidecarenone is formulated so as to be administered by any route. For example, it is in the form for oral or rectal administration. If desired, it may be designed for a formulation sustained-releasing ubidecarenone. 
     The composition may be, for example, in the form of tablets, capsules, packs, powders, granules, troches or suppositories. 
     For example, the composition preferable for oral administration may contain conventional additives such as binder (e.g., syrup, gum arabic, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth or polyvinylpyrrolidone); filler (e.g. lactose, sucrose, corn starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol or glycerin); disintegrating agent (e.g. starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium starch glycolate or microcrystalline cellulose); lubricant for tableting (e.g. magnesium stearate) or pharmaceutically acceptable hardener (e.g. sodium laurylsulfate). 
     Solid compositions may be prepared by a conventional method including blending, filling and tableting. Repeated blending operations enable distribution of ubidecarenone uniformly throughout the composition using a large amount of fillers. When the composition is in the form of tablets, powders or troches, any of carriers preferable in the formulation of solid pharmaceutical compositions may be used, for example, magnesium stearate, starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, powdery rice and chalk. The tablets are coated by a conventional pharmaceutical technique. The composition may also be, for example, in the form of digestive capsules such as a gelatin capsule, if desired, together with carriers and other additives. 
     Liquid compositions for oral administration include, for example, emulsions, syrups or elixirs. 
     Especially in order to obtain high bioavailability of ubidecarenone, it is preferable to use a mixture of ubidecarenone and polyglycerol. 
     As described above, the dosage of ubidecarenone is variable depending upon symptoms of the patient as well as frequency and route of the administration. The unit dosage form contains generally 1-1,000 mg, preferably 30-500 mg, and particularly 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 or 500 mg of ubidecarenone. The composition is given once or more times a day, for example, twice, three or four times a day. The prophylactic daily dose in adults weighing 70 kg is usually in the range of 1-3,000 mg. The unit dosage form may also contain 1-20 mg of ubidecarenone and, if desired, may be given in plural numbers to provide a daily dose as defined above. 
     The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are used for the therapy of sleep apnea. Administration may be before bed orally at a dose of 2-50 mg, preferably 5-20 mg of the active ingredient, ubidecarenone. 
     The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention show no toxicity when given at the doses in the above-mentioned range. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 
     Examples of the invention will be given below. 
     Example 1 
     Ten patients of sleep apnea were given a soft capsule containing 10 mg of ubidecarenone before bed, respectively. 
     Observation of the patients during sleep revealed that no apneic symptom was recognized in 8 patients of the ten. Moreover, there occurred neither doze nor feeling of malaise in daytime. 
     Example 2 
     Ten patients who had been diagnosed as sleep apnea were given soft capsules each containing 10 mg of ubidecarenone (Decasoft manufactured by Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.) at a dose of one capsule after supper for a period of days shown below. 
     Clinical symptoms of the patients were observed, and apnea index (times/hour) was also measured before and after administration. 
     Results of the clinical test are shown below. 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________
                  Days of        Frequency                                
                                       Longest dura-                      
                  adminis- Time  of apnea                                 
                                       tion of apnea                      
                                              Apnea index                 
Patient                                                                   
    Age                                                                   
       Clinical symptom                                                   
                  tration                                                 
                       Types                                              
                           Measured                                       
                                 (times)                                  
                                       (second)                           
                                              (times/hour)                
__________________________________________________________________________
K. O                                                                      
    55 Somnolence (+)                                                     
                  7    CM  6h00m 196   139    32.6                        
                           3h31m  83   31     23.6                        
T. S                                                                      
    55 No subjective                                                      
                  10   O   6h44m 112   79     16.6                        
       symptom             6h14m  76   87     12.1                        
       Somnolence (-)                                                     
H. N                                                                      
    64 Feeling of a lump                                                  
                  3    O   7h20m 124   84     16.9                        
       in the throat       6h49m  94   46     13.7                        
       Blood pressure                                                     
       130/80 → 110/80                                             
K. I                                                                      
    59 Insomnia   7    CM  6h56m 328   140    47.3                        
                           5h52m 185   74     31.5                        
T. G                                                                      
    48 Daytime hypersomia,                                                
                  3    O   6h34m 324   89     49.3                        
       Snoring, Hyper-     6h51m 231   72     33.7                        
       tension                                                            
A. O                                                                      
    58 Daytime somnolence,                                                
                  3    O   6h45m 193   62     28.5                        
       Snoring, Hyper-     8h19m 224   73     26.9                        
       tension                                                            
T. H                                                                      
    57 Insomnia, Snoring                                                  
                  3    O   9h19m 142   29     15.2                        
                           7h10m  3    15     0.4                         
K. W                                                                      
    39 Hypersomnia,                                                       
                  3    O   5h56m 282   66     47.5                        
       Snoring             2h19m  96   32     41.4                        
T. N                                                                      
    61 Insomnia, Somno-                                                   
                  3    O   7h38m 178   79     23.8                        
       lence, Hyper-       6h09m 133   76     21.6                        
       tension, Diabetes                                                  
A. T                                                                      
    56            3    O   8h22m 180   113    21.5                        
                           8h18m  45   21     5.4                         
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     In the above table, &#34;Types&#34; are as follows. 
     O: Obstructive 
     C: Central 
     M: Mixed 
     &#34;Apnea index&#34; means frequency of apnea per hour (used for the judgment of apnea). 
     Data for each patient in the above table represent those measured before administration on the upper line and those measured after administration on the lower line. 
     As clearly seen from the above table, ubidecarenone was effective in the therapy of sleep apnea.