Optical fiber routing method and apparatus
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates to methods and apparatus for routing optical fiber and, more particularly, for routing optical fiber that is connected to a device. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The copending application of Burack et al., Ser. No. 07/936,484, filed Aug. 28, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,259,051, granted Nov, 2, 1993, hereby incorporated by reference herein, describes a unique method for routing optical fibers on an optical backplane as is deskable, for example, for interconnecting printed wiring boards of an electronic system. The Burack et al. apparatus uses a robotic manipulator having a vertical axis that can be controlled to move in X and Y directions and in the θ direction around its vertical axis. A rotatable routing wheel is mounted on a free end of the manipulator, and a reel containing optical fiber to be routed is mounted on one side of the manipulator. The fiber is threaded over a peripheral portion of the routing wheel such that the wheel can press the fiber against an adhesive-coated surface of a substrate to cause it to adhere to the coated surface. The manipulator is then moved at an appropriate speed and direction to cause the wheel to rotate and to exert sufficient tension on the optical fiber to cause it to unwind from the reel and to be fed to the routing wheel for adherence to the coated surface, thereby to form a continuous optical fiber portion extending along, and adhered to, the coated surface. 
     In the production of photonic or optical devices of a type to be used in conjunction with an optical backplane, it is customary to package the devices such that optical fibers (known in the art as &#34;pigtails&#34;) extend from the devices. One could form the optical backplane with different optical fiber and then splice the optical backplane fiber to the fiber extending from the device; but it would be preferable if one could route the fiber extending from the device directly onto the optical backplane. There is therefore a need for a technique to improve the placement and routing of optical fibers extending from, and connected to, devices. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In an illustrative embodiment of the invention, a winding tool is provided on a manipulator of a type described in the Burack et al. application. A hook extends from the winding tool to capture optical fiber extending from the device, and the hook is retracted to secure the fiber. The routing wheel is positioned between the device to which the optical fiber is connected and the winding tool such that the routing wheel can press the optical fiber against an adhesive-coated substrate. The winding tool then winds the optical fiber around the reel. The optical fiber next feeds from the reel to the routing wheel, as the manipulator is moved, to route the optical fiber on the coated substrate. Preferably, prior to the routing wheel positioning and the winding step, the optical fiber between the reel and the routing wheel is engaged with an alignment tool. The fiber is secured in the alignment tool during the winding step, and the alignment tool insures engagement of the periphery of the routing wheel with the optical fiber after the winding step. 
     These and other objects, features and benefits of the invention will be better understood from a consideration of the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of optical fiber winding and routing apparatus in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a detail of part of the alignment tool of FIGS. 1 and 2; 
     FIG. 4 is a detail of part of the bar mechanism of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2; 
     FIGS. 5-11 arc side views of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2 at various stages of operation; 
     FIGS. 12 and 13 are enlargements of portions of the apparatus of FIG. 1. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The drawings are intended to be schematic and have been simplified somewhat in the interest of clarity. FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a manipulator 18, the purpose of which is to wind optical fiber 10 extending from a device 11 onto a reel such that it can thereafter be unwound from the reel and routed on an adhesive surface, in accordance with the principles of the Burack et al. application. The device 11 is mounted on a mounting plate 12 having a standoff device 13 containing grooves into which the optical fiber 10 can be fitted. The purpose of the mounting plate and standoff device is to locate the optical fiber 10 at a specified position and to provide a gap between the optical fiber and the surface so that it can be picked up by the apparatus. The manipulator 18 comprises a winding tool 14 which is rotatable by a motor 15. The purpose of the winding tool is to wind the optical fiber around a reel 16 (shown in FIG. 2) preparatory to routing. After it has been wound on the reel, the optical fiber is fed to a routing wheel 17 which presses it against an adhesive surface for routing, in accordance with the Burack et al. application. 
     The winding tool 14 is rotatable with respect to the spool 16 by virtue of various bearings 20, shown schematically. The winding tool 14 includes a spring-biased bar 21 containing a hook 22 at one end thereof. The bar 21 is biased upwardly by coil springs 23 and can be moved downwardly by a piston 24 controlled by an air cylinder 25. FIG. 1 shows the piston 24 in an extended position, and FIG. 2 shows it in a retracted position. In practice, a cover plate, which has not been shown, covers coil springs 23. 
     As described in the Burack et al. application, the routing wheel 17 contains grooves for holding optical fibers. Aligned with the wheel is an alignment tool 27 having at one end a groove 28 for holding the optical fiber in alignment with a groove on the periphery of routing wheel 17. An enlarged detail of the tool 27 and groove 28 is shown in FIG. 12. The alignment tool can be extended vertically downwardly by a piston 30 controlled by an air cylinder 31; it is also retractable with the piston 30. As shown by the detail of FIG. 3, a spring-biased latch 33 is capable of capturing and holding the optical fiber within groove 28. In the retracted position shown in FIG. 2, it is intended that the groove 28 hold the optical fiber in alignment with routing wheel 17 as fiber that is unwound from reel 16 is routed by the routing wheel. 
     The manipulator 18 is robotically controlled to move a shaft 32 in the X-Y and θ directions, as described in the Burack et al. application. A programmed computer, not shown, controls all movements of the apparatus of the drawing, as well as the routing movements. That is, appropriate control signals from the computer control motor 15 and air cylinders 25 and 31, as well as movements of the manipulator 15. A preferred computer system is described in the Burack et al. application, and modifications to control the additional elements of this invention are within the ordinary skill of the worker in the art. 
     FIGS. 5-11 illustrate successive steps in picking up and winding the optical fiber preparatory to routing. The winding tool 14 initially has its central axis perpendicular to fiber 10 and is rotated in the counterclockwise direction, as shown, with the hook 22 retracted. Referring to FIG. 4, when the bar 21 reaches the vertical position, a stop 35 engages piston 24 of air cylinder 25, which stops the winding tool 14. The computer generates a signal which stops the motor 15, and it also generates a signal that actuates air cylinder 25 to extend piston 24, as shown in FIG. 6. As shown in FIG. 13, the extended hook 22 has two lateral portions 36 and 37 which are parallel to optical fiber 10 and are located on opposite sides of the optical fiber 10, as is shown in more detail in FIG. 13. The winding tool, including the hook, is then lowered, as shown by the arrow of FIG. 6, so that the two lateral extensions 36 and 37 are below the optical fiber and on opposite sides of it. The standoff 13 provides a gap between the optical fiber 10 and the surface on which it rests. 
     Referring to FIG. 7, the manipulator 18 is next rotated on an axis extending through hook 22. This rotation causes the lateral portions 36 and 37 of FIG. 1 to underlie the fiber 10 so that it can be picked up. FIG. 8 shows the next step in which the manipulator 18 moves upwardly and to the right, and thereafter the hook 22 is retracted. 
     As mentioned before, coil springs 23 of FIG. 1 cause the hook to retract when the piston of air cylinder 25 is retracted. The movement of the manipulator to the right positions alignment tool 27 to the right of standoff device 13. In FIG. 9, the alignment tool 27 is extended, and in FIG. 10, the manipulator 18 is lowered, as shown by the arrow, so that the fiber can be captured in groove 28 of alignment tool 27. As shown in FIG. 3, the latch 33 secures the fiber within groove 28. 
     Next, the alignment tool 27 is retracted, and the manipulator is moved to the right, as shown in FIG. 11, so that routing wheel 17 is to the right of standoff device 13. In this position, the routing wheel contacts the surface preparatory to routing of the fiber. The optical fiber 10 is then wound around reel 16 by rotating the winding tool 14 in the clockwise direction. The stop 35 of FIG. 4 has a cam surface so that, during rotation in the clockwise direction, it allows the winding wheel 14 to continue rotating. The rotation of winding wheel 14 is driven by motor 15 as mentioned before. After winding, the routing begins with the first part of the fiber wound on the reel being first fed to the routing wheel 17. As mentioned before, the reel 16 is free to move, due to the bearings 20, to allow unwinding. 
     The manipulator and its various components including air cylinders 31 and 25 are preferably part of a robotic workstation, as is generally described in the Burack et al. application. The programming of any of various automatic robotic workstations to accomplish the functions described is within the skill of a worker in the art. With the optical fiber 10 initially properly located, the entire pick-up and winding process is performed automatically. 
     The embodiment described is intended to be merely illustrative of the inventive concept. Various other embodiments and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.