Door-mounted operating mechanism for electrical switchgear
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to electrical switchgear. More particularly, the present invention relates to cabinet-enclosed high-voltage electrical switchgear. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to switchgear operating systems. Even more particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus which allows the mounting of all of the operating systems except the switch and the safety interlocks on the exterior of a safety door, thereby allowing access to the operating systems for maintenance while maintaining a safety barrier between maintenance personnel and the energized switch. The apparatus further provides means for maintaining operative connection between the operating system and the switch when the safety door to the cabinet is opened. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     High-tension electrical switches are operated in the following manner: (1) a spring operating mechanism is charged either by manual force on a crank or by a motorized charger; (2) the energy stored in the springs is released by a tripping mechanism, typically either solenoid trip mechanisms or automatic release pawls that trip the operating mechanism at the end of the charging stroke; then (3) the released energy of the spring mechanism is transferred to the switch, causing the switch to open or close rapidly. The operation of a typical high-tension switch requires the precise transmission of bursts of torsional energy from the spring operating mechanism to the switch. In order to achieve this, most switches couple the spring operating mechanism directly to the switch. High-tension electrical switchgear components are therefore normally mounted within a metal cabinet which holds the operating mechanism, the switch, fuses, and other instrumentation. 
     Especially when the high-tension switchgear is motorized, it is important that maintenance personnel be able to repair and test the operating mechanism without actually opening or closing the switch. A commonly used system which allows maintenance on the operating mechanism and its accessories without disturbing the switch is a &#34;draw-out&#34; system. This operating system, usually including a motorized charger and which may include solenoid trippers, is mounted on a drawer. The system is configured so that the operating mechanism disconnects from the switch when the drawer is pulled out from the front of the cabinet. The draw-out system has a number of disadvantages. Since the draw-out is side-mounted, it requires additional cabinet width to house the drawer. Additionally, while the operating mechanism is drawn out, there is no complete seal between maintenance personnel and the energized area in the cabinet. Most importantly, the arrangement for disconnecting and reconnecting the mechanical linkage between the operating mechanism and the switch as the drawer is withdrawn for maintenance or replaced, is located within the cabinet where maintenance is difficult and the disconnecting and reconnecting system is frequently a source of trouble. 
     Another system for allowing access to the switch operating mechanism while the switch is energized is the side-mount system. This system provides an operating mechanism which is mounted on the outside of the sidewall of the cabinet. A second unit, with the operating mechanism mounted on the exterior of the side wall of the cabinet is paired with the first so that the sides with the mounted operating mechanisms are facing each other, and a common maintenance access space is provided between the cabinets. The common maintenance access space may also be enclosed in a cabinet. Although this system is simpler and less expensive than the draw out system, its large lateral footprint results in increased operating costs because of the additional plant floor space requirements. Additionally, it requires that maintenance personnel work in the cramped and dangerous maintenance access space between the energized areas of the paired cabinets. 
     SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
     With the foregoing in mind, the principal object of the present invention is to provide an enclosed cabinet switchgear system which requires no disconnection of the operating mechanism from the switch for opening the main door to the energized area where the switch is housed. 
     A further object of the invention is to provide an enclosed cabinet switchgear system which includes a simple decoupler outside of the closed safety door for disconnecting and reconnecting the operating mechanism from the switch to allow maintenance and testing of the operating system without operating the switch. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide an enclosed cabinet switchgear system which allows easy access to the operating mechanism components for maintenance and testing. 
     Still another object of the invention is to provide an enclosed cabinet switchgear system which provides a complete and safe barrier between maintenance personnel and the switch during maintenance of the operating mechanism. 
     Yet another object of the invention is to provide an enclosed cabinet switchgear system which presents the smallest possible cabinet size commensurate with generally accepted electrical clearances. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide an enclosed cabinet switchgear system which requires minimal maintenance. 
     These and other objects of the present invention are accomplished through an apparatus which provides for mounting all of the operating systems except the switch and the interlock systems on the exterior of the main safety door and means for maintaining operative connection between the operating mechanism and the switch when opening the main safety door, when the switch is open, for access to the area where the switch is housed. The transmission of energy from the door-mounted spring mechanism to the switch is accomplished by a series of levers, rods and bell cranks which imparts the motion from the output shaft of the operating mechanism to the switch. The combination of elements which allows opening of the door without breaking the connection between the operating mechanism and the switch resides in a substantially vertical rod positioned near the hinged edge of the door. The rod has a free-twisting joint near one end and ball joints at both ends which allow the rod to move while generating a substantially conical path through the displacement dictated by the opening of the door. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The foregoing objects and advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood by one skilled in the art by referring to the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment and to the accompanying drawings which form a part of this disclosure, and wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view of the invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 4 is a partial front perspective view showing the safety door in the open position; and 
     FIG. 5 is a side elevational view partly in section showing the free twisting joint in the push rod. 
     FIG. 6a is a sectional view of the front of the cabinet, taken along line 6--6 of FIG. 1, showing the main safety door in the closed position. 
     FIG. 6b is a sectional view of the front of the cabinet, taken along line 6--6 of FIG. 1, showing the main safety door in the open position. 
     FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line 7--7 of FIG. 6a. 
     FIG. 8a is a rear elevational view of the switch and door interlock mechanisms as they are positioned when the switch is open. 
     FIG. 8b is a rear elevational view of the switch and door interlock mechanisms as they are positioned when the switch is closed. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     As may be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the present invention uses a plurality of rods, levers, and bell cranks to provide operative connection between a switch operating mechanism mounted on the exterior of the main safety door of a metal enclosure and a high-voltage electrical switch positioned within the enclosure. 
     A spring operating mechanism 11 is mounted on the exterior of a heavy safety door 12 on the front of a metal cabinet 13. As shown in FIG. 6, access to the spring operating mechanism 11 is provided through an operating mechanism access door 40 hingedly attached and external to the safety door 12. The spring operating mechanism may be charged either by manual force on a crank (not shown), or by a motorized charger 14 as is well-known in the art. After the mechanism is charged, the energy stored in the springs is released by a tripping mechanism, which may be automatic release pawls or solenoid trip mechanisms. 
     An operator output shaft 16 extends from the operating mechanism 11, through an aperture in the safety door 12, to the interior of the cabinet 13. The shaft 16 is positioned perpendicular to the line of force transmitted by the release of the operating mechanism 11, so that tripping the spring operating mechanism 11 causes the operator output shaft 16 to rotate. To allow testing of the spring operating mechanism without opening or closing the switch, a decoupling mechanism is provided between the spring operating mechanism 11 and the operator output shaft 16. The decoupling mechanism may be a positive clutch-type mechanism, or a combination of a sleeve 15 which fits around the exterior end of the operator output shaft 16, and a pin 20, which fits through a pair of apertures in the sleeve 15 and an aperture in the end of the output shaft 16. When the pin 20 is withdrawn, the spring operating mechanism may be discharged without rotating the output shaft 16. 
     As shown in FIG. 2, a bell crank 17, having a pivot point 18, a first arm 19 and a second arm 21, is attached at its pivot point to the inner end of operator output shaft 16, such that rotation of the output shaft 16 causes the arms 19 and 21 to rotate about the pivot point 18 in a plane parallel to the door 12. 
     A push rod 22 is pivotally connected at one end to the first arm 19 of the bell crank 17, and is positioned substantially vertically near the corner of the cabinet 13 formed between a hinged edge 23 of the safety door 12 and the adjacent side wall 24. The uppermost end of push rod 22 is positioned as close as possible to the axis of rotation of the safety door 12 defined by the position of hinged edge 23. The lower end of push rod 22, being connected to bell crank 17, is positioned adjacent an inner corner 25 of the safety door 12 such that as the rod extends downwardly, it diverges laterally from a vertical axis extending through the uppermost end of rod 22. The push rod 22 has ball joints 26 at both ends, and a constant-length, freely rotatable joint 27 intermediate the ball joints 26. The joint 27 allows the segment of the rod below the joint and the segment of the rod above the joint to rotate about the longitudinal axis of the rod 22 independently of each other. As shown in the sectional view of the joint (FIG. 5), the lower segment of rod 22 terminates at its upper end in a disc 28. The upper segment of rod 22 has a cylindrical housing 29 at its lower end. An end cap 31, having a central aperture 32, is threadably attached to the lower end of the cylindrical housing 29. The housing 29 has an end wall 30 at its upper end. The disc 28 is positioned within the mid-section of cylindrical housing 29, defining a first chamber 33 between the disc 28 and end wall 30 and a second chamber 34 between the disc and the end cap 31. The lower segment of rod 22 extends out of the housing 29 through the aperture 32 in the end cap 31. Chambers 33 and 34 are filled with a non-deformable friction reducing material 35 such as bronze, which allows the disc 28 to rotate freely around the longitudinal axis of the rod 22, but prevents movement of the disc 28 along that axis. 
     Push rod 22 is pivotally connected at its uppermost end to an arm 37 of a second bell crank 36. Bell crank 36 also has a pivot point 38 and a second arm 39. In the preferred embodiment, bell crank 36 is pivotally mounted at its pivot point 38 to the side wall 24 of the cabinet 13. The second arm 39 of the bell crank 36 is pivotally connected to a first end 41 of a second push rod 42. Push rod 42 extends downward to a second end 43. The second end 43 of the push rod 42 is pivotally attached to an end 44 of a lever 46. The opposite end 47 of lever 46 is affixed to a connection end 48 of a switch operating shaft 49. As shown in FIG. 2, the switch operating shaft has a main shaft 51, two side arms 52 extending laterally from both ends of the main shaft 51, and two connection ends 48, extending laterally from the side arms 52 parallel to the main shaft 51. 
     When the spring operating mechanism 11 is tripped, one of the high-tension springs exerts a horizontal force which rotates the operator output shaft 16. When the shaft is rotated in a clockwise direction (as viewed from the front of the cabinet), the switch opens. When the mechanism 11 rotates the shaft 16 in a counter-clockwise direction, the switch closes. The clockwise rotation of the shaft 16 causes the end of the first arm 19 of bell crank 17 to move upward, forcing push rod 22 upward. Push rod 22 in turn exerts an upward force against the end of the first arm 37 of the second bell crank 36. The second arm 39 of bell crank 36 also moves upward, causing the second push rod 42 to move upward. Push rod 42 pulls the end 44 of lever 46 upward. The movement of end 44 causes the connection end 48 of the switch operating shaft 49 to rotate, moving the main shaft 51 to the open position. The counter-clockwise rotation of the operator output shaft 16 moves all of the components in the opposite direction from that described above, resulting in movement of the switch operating shaft 49 to the closed position. 
     As shown in FIGS. 4, 6 and 8, a door interlock mechanism is provided so that the safety door 12 to the cabinet cannot be opened when the switch is in the closed position. A lip 53 protrudes from a point proximal the front of a side wall 54 opposite side wall 24. The lip is aligned with the interior surface of closed safety door 12. A third push rod 56 is pivotally connected at one end to the second arm 21 of bell crank 17. Push rod 56 is slidably supported at its opposite end by a bracket 57, which is mounted to the safety door 12 in a position such that the bracket 57 is adjacent the lip 53 when the door is closed. As operator output shaft 16 rotates in a counter-clockwise direction (as viewed from the front of the cabinet), closing the switch, the end of second arm 21 of bell crank 17 rotates toward side wall 54. Arm 21 pushes push rod 56 beyond bracket 57 toward the side wall 54, until the end of the push rod comes to rest securely behind the lip 53, locking the door 12 closed. When the operator output shaft 16 rotates in a clockwise direction, opening the switch, the second arm 21 of bell crank 17 rotates toward side wall 24 and pulls rod 56 toward side wall 24 and away from side wall 54 and lip 53, allowing door 12 to be opened. 
     The door 12 may be opened without breaking the operative connection between the spring operating mechanism 11 and the switch operating shaft 49 because of the position and operation of push rod 22. As safety door 12 is opened, rod 22 moves through a substantially conical path. If the top ball joint 26 of rod 22 is positioned directly on the axis of rotation of the safety door 12, the constant-length freely rotatable rod 22 does not induce any movement of the second bell crank 36. If, as in the preferred embodiment, the upper end of rod 22 is spaced any distance from the axis of rotation of safety door 12, the movement of rod 22 through the displacement dictated by the opening of the safety door 12 will induce some movement of the second bell crank 36 and consequently of the switch operating shaft 49. The distance of movement of the switch operating shaft 49 decreases as the upper end of rod 22 approaches the axis of rotation of the safety door 12. Slight movement of the switch operating shaft 49, causing no more than 0.5 inch of radial movement of the switch blades 58 at the switch contact radius (labelled &#34;R&#34; on FIG. 3) is operationally acceptable. Movement of the switch blades 58 within this tolerance may be maintained by positioning the upper end of rod 22 as close as possible to the axis of rotation of safety door 12 and may be eliminated entirely by constructing the cabinet 13 so that the upper end of rod 22 may be positioned directly on the axis of rotation of the safety door 12. 
     As shown in FIG. 8, a second interlock prevents the transmission of force from the spring operating mechanism to the switch operating shaft when the door is open, so that the switch cannot be closed. A switch interlock shaft 59 is rotatably mounted on the interior surface of safety door 12, proximal the end of second arm 21 of bell crank 17. A switch detent 61, switch interlock lever 62, and extension spring arm 63, each having an outer end, extend radially from the switch interlock shaft 59. Switch detent 61 is positioned so that when the safety door 12 is open, the outer end of detent 61 engages the end of second arm 21 of bell crank 17, preventing it from rotating in a clockwise direction (viewed as in FIG. 8) to close the switch. Switch detent 61 is held in position to engage arm 21 by an extension spring 64 connected at one end to the outer end of the extension spring arm 63 and mounted at a second end to the surface of safety door 12. A switch interlock rod 66 is pivotally mounted at an end thereof to the outer end of the switch interlock lever 62. The opposite end of the switch interlock rod 66 is slidably supported by a bracket 67 mounted adjacent the inner corner 25 of the safety door 12 such that the opposite end of the switch interlock rod 66 extends beyond the inner corner 25 of the safety door 12 and such that the rod 66 extends substantially horizontally adjacent the inner surface of the safety door 12. The switch interlock rod 66 is of sufficient length such that as the safety door 12 is closed, the rod 66 engages side wall 24 and is urged toward opposite side wall 54. As the switch interlock rod 66 moves toward side wall 54, it in turn rotates the switch interlock lever 62 clockwise (again viewed as in FIG. 8). When the switch interlock lever 62 is rotated clockwise, the switch interlock shaft 59 also rotates clockwise, moving the switch detent 61 downward and out of engagement with second arm 21 of bell crank 17 so that the switch can be operated. Extension spring arm 63 likewise rotates in a clockwise direction, stretching the extension spring 64. When the safety door 12 is opened, moving the switch interlock rod 66 out of engagement with side wall 24, the spring 64 contracts, rotating the switch detent 61 counter-clockwise into engagement with second arm 21 of bell crank 17, thereby preventing the switch from closing. 
     While I have shown my invention in one form, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited but is susceptible of various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit thereof.