Cosmetic composition containing a diaminoalkane as an odorless alkalifying agent
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/286,169, filed Aug. 5, 1994, now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/878,493, filed May 5, 1992, now abandoned. 
    
    
     The invention relates to a cosmetic composition including at least one practically odorless alkalifying agent. 
     It is known that cosmetic compositions intended for the treatment of human keratinous materials such as hair, body hair or the skin generally contain at least one alkalifying agent intended to bring the pH of the composition to a value which is generally between 5 and 12.5. In the case of compositions which have a basic pH the part played by the alkalifying agent differs according to the type of composition concerned: in the case of some compositions using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent the aqueous hydrogen peroxide needs to be brought to a basic pH to permit its decomposition; in the case of compositions intended for treating hair in general, the adoption of a basic pH makes it possible to dilate the cuticle sheath of the hair and facilitate the entry of the treatment agents inside the said sheath. These two effects are encountered individually or simultaneously in most of the applications of cosmetic compositions, be they hair removers, coloring or bleaching compositions for hair, pigmenting or depigmenting compositions for the skin or compositions for permanent deformation of hair, for permanent waving or for straightening. 
     The alkalifying agents generally employed in cosmetic compositions in the state of the art are either aqueous ammonia or monoethanolamine. In both cases, these agents have an unpleasant odor which is inconvenient for the user. Aqueous ammonia gives off a strong, pungent and suffocating odor; it is particularly inconvenient in hairdressing salons for the users of permanent waving, coloring or bleaching products. Furthermore, monoethanolamine does not always make it possible to reach relatively high basic pHs. It is a fact that, in some of the abovementioned cosmetic compositions, for example hair-removing compositions or permanent waving compositions, reducing agents are employed which, in themselves, have a fairly unpleasant odor; nevertheless, the use of malodorous alkalifying agents merely reinforces the abovementioned olfactory disadvantage in the case of the said compositions. 
     According to the invention it has been found that it is possible to employ, as alkalifiers for cosmetic compositions, certain diaminoalkanes which not only have the advantage of not being malodorous in themselves but which, in addition, have the advantage of giving advantageous and unexpected additional results; the said results are diversified according to the intended use of the cosmetic compositions in question: 
     a) when a cosmetic composition intended for the permanent waving of hair is involved, it has been found that, with the alkalifiers proposed according to the invention, the curliness is at least as tight as that obtained with the reducing compositions of the prior art containing aqueous ammonia, and is very markedly tighter than that employing monoethanolamine; in addition, the mechanical properties of hair subjected to the permanent waving are retained better with the alkalifiers proposed according to the invention; moreover, it has been found that when the reducing composition of the permanent wave contains cysteamine, it is possible, by treating the hair with a solution containing at least one diaminoalkane, before or after the application of the permanent waving or between the two stages of reduction and fixing of the permanent waving, to combat the residual unpleasant odor impregnating the hair; 
     b) when compositions for coloring hair are involved it is found that, with the alkalifiers proposed according to the invention, colorings are obtained which have the advantage of causing less damage to the hair fiber, it being possible for the said colorings to be as powerful in certain cases as those of the prior art employing aqueous ammonia; 
     c) when compositions for bleaching hair or for lightening the hair color are involved, it has been found that, with the alkalifiers proposed according to the invention, they have a lightening power which is at least equal to that of analogous compositions alkalified with aqueous ammonia; 
     d) when compositions for removing hair are involved, it has been found that the use of the alkalifiers proposed according to the invention makes it possible to obtain compositions which are less irritant to the skin than those containing monoethanolamine. 
     The objective of the present invention is therefore the use, as an odorless alkalifying agent in cosmetic compositions, of a particular category of diaminoalkanes corresponding to the formula (I) defined below. 
     The subject of the present invention is a cosmetic composition intended to be applied to a human keratinous organ such as the skin, hair and body hair, comprising, in an aqueous medium with a basic pH, on the one hand, an active agent suitable for the said treatment and, on the other hand, an alkalifying agent, characterized in that the alkalifying agent consists of at least one compound of formula (I): ##STR1## in which formula: R is a propylene residue optionally substituted by a hydroxyl group or a C 1  -C 4  alkyl radical; 
     R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4 , simultaneously or independently of each other, denote hydrogen or a C 1  -C 4  alkyl or hydroxyalkyl (C 1  -C 4 ) radical. 
     In a preferred embodiment the alkalifying agent comprises at least one compound chosen from the group consisting of 1,3-diaminopropane, N,N&#39;-diethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N,N-diethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N,N-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, 2-hydroxy-1-(N,N-diethyl)amino-3-aminopropane, 2-hydroxy-N,N&#39;-di-tert-butyl-1,3-diaminopropane, 2-hydroxy-N,N&#39;-tetramethyl-1,3-diaminopropane and 2-hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane. 
     In a first alternative form of embodiment of the invention the cosmetic composition is intended to be employed for the permanent deformation of hair or hair removal; in this case it comprises a reducing agent as active agent; the reducing agent preferably comprises at least one compound chosen from the group consisting of thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid, cysteamine, cysteine, 4-hydroxy-N-(2-mercaptoethyl)butyramide and the N-mono or N,N-disubstituted 4-mercaptobutyramides described in Application EP 638,763. When a composition for permanent deformation of the hair is involved the pH is generally between 5 and 10; when a hair-removing composition is involved the pH is generally between 9 and 12.5. 
     In the case of permanent waving compositions employing cysteamine or one of its salts as reducing agent, the application of an aqueous solution of diaminoalkanes of formula (I) in sufficient quantity for the pH to be higher than 7 and preferably higher than 8, before or after the permanent waving, or between the two reduction/fixing stages of the permanent waving, makes it possible to combat the residual unpleasant odor impregnating the hair, which is particularly noticeable when the treated hair is in a wet state or in a moist environment. It is preferred to perform a pretreatment, that is to say an application before the permanent waving. 
     In a second alternative form, the composition according to the invention is intended to be employed for dyeing the hair; in this case it comprises an active agent consisting of at least one dyeing compound chosen from the group consisting of oxidation dye precursors, couplers, rapid oxidation dyes and melanic pigment precursors; the dyeing compound(s) is(are) preferably chosen from the group consisting of ortho- or para-phenylenediamines, ortho- or para-aminophenols, aromatic meta-diamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols, 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its derivatives; the pH of such a composition is generally adjusted between 5 and 11. 
     According to a third alternative form the composition according to the invention is intended for bleaching hair or for lightening the color of hair; in this case the composition comprises a powerful oxidizing agent as active agent; the pH of such a composition is generally between 7 and 12. 
     Depending on the type of composition concerned, the pH of the compositions according to the invention is obtained by adding more or less considerable quantities of diaminoalkanes of formula (I). For example, in compositions intended for permanent waving of hair, from 3.7 to 12% by weight of the alkalifying agent is generally employed to obtain the desired pH by adding 1,3-diaminopropane, this percentage being given in relation to the total weight of the composition. When the composition according to the invention is intended for coloring or bleaching hair, the same alkalifying agent as mentioned above is employed in proportions which are preferably between 4 and 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. The figures given above are not limiting in any way and depend essentially, on the one hand, on the use of the cosmetic composition in question and, on the other hand, on the nature of the active agents or the adjuvants present in the composition and, lastly, on the alkalifying compound(s) chosen from all the compounds of formula (I). 
     To make the subject matter of the invention better understood, a number of methods of implementing the invention will be described below by way of examples, purely as an illustration and without any limitation being implied. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES 1 TO 6 
     Six reducing compositions intended for permanent waving of hair were formulated by employing, in the case of each one, a compound of formula (I) as alkalifying agent. The formulations thus produced are given in grams in Table I below: 
     
                       TABLE I                                                     
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Example No.    1      2      3    4    5    6                             
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Thioglycolic acid                                                         
               9.1    9.1    9.1  9.1       9.1                           
Thiolactic acid                        10.6                               
Oleocetyldimethyl-                                                        
               0.39   0.39   0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39                          
hydroxyethylammonium                                                      
chloride in aqueous                                                       
solution containing                                                       
30% by weight of                                                          
active matter                                                             
1,3-Diaminopropane                                                        
               4.7    8.1              4.7                                
N,N-Dimethyl-1,3-            7.9                                          
diaminopropane                                                            
N,N-Diethyl-1,3-                  8.6                                     
diaminopropane                                                            
2-Hydroxy-1,3-                              7.6                           
diaminopropane                                                            
Perfume, Peptizer                                                         
               q.s.   q.s.   q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s.                          
pH             8.5    9.5    8.5  8.5  8.5  8.5                           
Water q.s.     100    100    100  100  100  100                           
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     It is found first of all that, in the case of each of the compositions defined above, the odor in use is considerably improved. 
     The use of these compositions is performed as follows: each composition is applied to hair wound onto curlers beforehand. The composition is allowed to act for 15 minutes and is then rinsed with water. An oxidizing solution of 8-volume aqueous hydrogen peroxide is then applied and allowed to act for 10 minutes. The hair is then rinsed with water and then unwound. It is found that the curling obtained is excellent and that the hair is in a good state. No inconvenience has been caused during the treatment by the odors originating from the alkalifying agent. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     A comparative study of the effectiveness of the compositions of Examples 1 to 6 for curling hair was carried out in comparison with corresponding compositions in which the alkalifying agent employed was aqueous ammonia. In each case the quantity of aqueous ammonia employed in the comparative composition was that needed to obtain the pH shown for each of the formulations of Examples 1 to 6. 
     The study was carried out on wigs of human hair; the tresses were 15 cm in length. The standardized hair tresses were wound onto curlers 9 mm in diameter. The application of the compositions of Examples 1 to 6 and of the corresponding compositions produced with aqueous ammonia was carried out by following the procedure described for Examples 1 to 6. 
     At the end of the treatment the hair was unwound and the mean radius of curvature of the waving obtained was measured at mid-length of the wet tresses. The effectiveness of the test composition is proportionally greater the smaller the radius of curvature. The results are listed in Table II below: 
     
                       TABLE II                                                    
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Example No.                                                               
Nature of the                                                             
alkalifier  1      2       3    4     5    6                              
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Formula (I) 0.66   0.50    0.68 0.88  3.50 0.66                           
Aqueous ammonia                                                           
            1.16   0.57    1.16 1.16  6.00 1.16                           
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     It was found, furthermore, that by employing the alkalifying agents of formula (I) an improvement was obtained in the mechanical properties of the hair after treatment, when compared with the use of aqueous ammonia. 
     EXAMPLES 8 TO 11 
     4 compositions for bleaching or lightening hair were formulated by employing a compound of formula (I) as alkalifying agent in the case of each one. The formulations thus produced are given in grams in Table III below: 
     
                       TABLE III                                                   
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EXAMPLE No.         8      9      10    11                                
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1,3-Diaminopropane  4.0    --     --    --                                
2-Hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane                                              
                    --     6.0    --    --                                
N,N-Dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane                                           
                    --     --     4.0   --                                
N,N-Diethyl-1,3-diaminopropane                                            
                    --     --     --    4.0                               
Oleyl alcohol polyglycerolated                                            
                    4.0    4.0    4.0   4.0                               
with 2 moles of glycerol                                                  
Oleyl alcohol polyglycerolated                                            
                    4.4    4.4    4.4   4.4                               
with 4 moles of glycerol                                                  
Oleic acid          3.0    3.0    3.0   3.0                               
Oleylamine oxyethyleneated with                                           
                    7.0    7.0    7.0   7.0                               
2 moles of ethylene oxide,                                                
sold by Akzo under the name                                               
Ethomeen 012                                                              
Oleyl alcohol       5.0    5.0    5.0   5.0                               
Oleyldiethanolamide 12.0   12.0   12.0  12.0                              
Ethyl alcohol       10.0   10.0   10.0  10.0                              
Propylene glycol monomethyl                                               
                    20.0   20.0   20.0  20.0                              
ether                                                                     
Sodium metabisulphite as 35%                                              
                    0.46   0.46   0.46  0.46                              
aqueous solution                                                          
Sequestering agent q.s                                                    
Water q.s.          100    100    100   100                               
pH                  11.2   10.6   10.7  10.4                              
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     At the time of use the compositions of Examples 8 to 11 are mixed with an equal weight of 20-volume aqueous hydrogen peroxide. These compositions are applied to tresses of brown hair. After 30 minutes&#39; interval the hair is rinsed, shampooed and dried. 
     The hair treated with the composition of Example 8 changes from brown to dark blond; that treated with the composition of Examples 9, 10 and 11 changes from brown to light brown. 
     It is found that the odor in use is considerably improved in the case of each of the compositions defined above. 
     EXAMPLE 12 
     Example of Hair Dyeing 
     Grey hair containing 90% of white is dyed by applying the following oxidation dye composition, containing 1,3-diaminopropane as alkalifying agent: 
     Dye formulation (A) 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Oleic acid (19 g) neutralized with                                        
monoethanolamine (7.2 g) to form a soap                                   
Oleyl alcohol           9        g                                        
Ethyl alcohol           12.5     g                                        
Triethanolamine lauryl sulphate                                           
                        0.84     g AS                                     
containing 28% of active substance (AS)                                   
Oleyldiethanolamide     8        g                                        
Propylene glycol        10       g                                        
Oleocetyl alcohol oxyethyleneated with 30                                 
                        2        g                                        
moles of ethylene oxide                                                   
Cationic polymer described and                                            
                        2.2      g AS                                     
prepared according to French Patent                                       
2,270,846, consisting of repeat units of                                  
formula:                                                                  
 ##STR2##                                                                 
in solution containing 60% of AS                                          
Hydroquinone            0.15     g                                        
1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone                                            
                        0.2      g                                        
Sodium metabisulphite in aqueous                                          
                        0.46     g AS                                     
solution containing 35% of AS                                             
1,3-Diaminopropane      8        g                                        
Sequestering agent, perfume q.s.                                          
para-Phenylenediamine   0.216    g                                        
6-(β-Hydroxyethyloxy)-1,3-                                           
                        0.482    g                                        
diaminobenzene, 2HCl                                                      
Water                   q.s. 100 g                                        
pH                      11                                                
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     Oxidizing Formulation (B) 
     20-volume aqueous hydrogen peroxide at pH=3 
     28 g of the mixture of equal weights of formulations (A) and (B) are applied to 3 g of hair. The composition is allowed to act for 30 minutes. The hair is rinsed with water, a shampoo is applied and it is dried. 
     The hair is colored a bluish ashen blond or ashen blue dark blond, depending on whether natural or permanent-waved hair is involved. 
     It is found that the odor of the above coloring composition is considerably improved in use. 
     EXAMPLE 13 
     A hair-removing composition containing 1,3-diaminopropane as alkalifying agent was prepared, with the following composition: 
     Part a 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Calcium gluconate        2.5    g                                         
Urea                     10     g                                         
Water                    40     g                                         
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     Part b 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Polyoxyethyleneated cetylstearyl                                          
                         11     g                                         
alcohol                                                                   
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     Part c 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Calcium carbonate        6.15   g                                         
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     Part d 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Calcium oxide            3.42   g                                         
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     Part e 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Thioglycolic acid        4.23   g                                         
Water                    10     g                                         
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     1,3-Diaminopropane q.s. pH=8.25 
     Part b is introduced at 75° C. into part a and stirring is applied. Part c is introduced into the mixture (a+b), stirring of the mixture thus formed being continued for 20 minutes at 70° C. Part d is introduced into the mixture (a+b+c); after dissolving the temperature is returned to 20° C. Part e is then added. Water is added to make up 100 g. 
     It is found that the odor is considerably improved in the case of the above composition. 
     EXAMPLE 14 
     Permanent waving is carried out using cysteamine as reducing agent with a pretreatment with the aid of a diaminopropane. The following compositions are applied successively to the hair: 
     Composition A 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Acetic acid             6.1    g                                          
1,3-Diaminopropane q.s. pH                                                
                        8.5                                               
Demineralized water q.s.                                                  
                        100    g                                          
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     This composition is applied to natural hair for 10 minutes. After rinsing, the composition B is applied. 
     Composition B 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
Cysteamine hydrochloride                                                  
                        11.3   g                                          
Aqueous ammonia q.s. pH 8.5                                               
Demineralized water q.s.                                                  
                        100    g                                          
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     The hair is wound onto rollers. After 15 minutes&#39; exposure it is rinsed and the fixing composition C is applied. 
     Composition C 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
8-volume aqueous hydrogen peroxide                                        
                         100    g                                         
Citric acid q.s. pH      3.0                                              
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     After 5 minutes&#39; exposure the hair is rinsed and unwound. 
     The tresses thus treated are left in the open air for 3 weeks at a temperature of 37° C. The odor released from the tresses is assessed by a panel of testers 1 minute after spraying with a water mist, in comparison with tresses which have undergone treatment only with compositions B and C. In the unanimous view of the testers the tresses treated with compositions B and C have a much more unpleasant odor than those treated with compositions A, B and C.