Cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical composition containing a dispersion of lipid vesicles, process for the preparation of the said dispersion and dispersion of lipid vesicles
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/133,140, filed as PCT/FR93/00128, Feb. 8, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,443,840. 
    
    
     The present invention relates to a cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical composition containing a transparent dispersion of ionic and/or nonionic amphiphilic lipid vesicles, to a process for the preparation of said dispersion and to a new dispersion used in the said composition. 
     It is known that it is possible to prepare vesicles from certain amphiphilic lipids, that is to say from molecules consisting of a lipophilic part and of a hydrophilic part. The vesicles obtained are delimited by a lipid phase membrane formed from a sheet or a number of concentric sheets, the said membrane defining a closed internal volume where a phase, known as encapsulated phase, is encapsulated. The vesicles are generally prepared in the form of a dispersion in an aqueous phase, known as the dispersion phase. The amphiphilic lipids can be ionic lipids such as natural lecithins (egg lecithin, soya lecithin) or synthetic lecithins (dipalmitoyl-lecithin, hydrogenated egg lecithin). The amphiphilic lipids can also be nonionic lipids such as linear or branched polyglycerol derivatives, linear or branched polyglycerol ethers, polyoxyethylenated fatty alcohols, polyoxyl-ethylenated sterols, polyol ethers, oxyethylenated or nonoxyethylenated polyol esters, glycol lipids, certain hydroxyamides and others. 
     The lipid phase can contain one or a number of ionic amphiphilic lipids, one or a number of nonionic amphiphilic lipids or, at the same time, at least one ionic amphiphilic lipid and at least one nonionic amphiphilic lipid. 
     It is known to introduce into the lipid phase at least one lipophilic cosmetically and/or pharmaceutically active principle, the nature and the amount of the reactants introduced being chosen so as not to damage the stability of the vesicles. It is also possible, in a known way, to introduce hydrophilic active principles into the encapsulated aqueous phase and/or into the aqueous dispersion phase. 
     For reasons of presentation, the search is to prepare dispersions of vesicles which are substantially transparent, because the cosmetic compositions prepared from transparent dispersions have a more pleasant and more attractive appearance for the user. 
     The transparency (or, conversely, the opaqueness) of a dispersion, with respect to natural light, is essentially a function of the refractive index of the dispersion medium and of that of the dispersion particles, of the concentration, of the mean size and of the size homogeneity of these particles. It is especially possible to increase the transparency of a dispersion by reducing the difference between the refractive index of the dispersed particles and that of the dispersion medium and/or by reducing the concentration and/or the size of the dispersed particles. Of course, it is possible to improve the transparency of a dispersion of lipid vesicles by diluting this dispersion but the concentration of active principles in the dispersion would thus be reduced, which generally has to be avoided. It has also been attempted to reduce the mean size of the vesicles, but it is then necessary to use, for an excessively long time, during the preparation of the vesicles, powerful mechanical means such as pressure homogenizers or ultrasound, which leads to a higher cost price. It was also considered to reduce the polydispersity by using grading methods such as pressure filtration or size fractionation using chromatography columns, but these methods are restricting and expensive. 
     According to the present invention, it was found that the transparency of dispersions of vesicles in which the lipid phase contains at least one ionic amphiphilic lipid and/or at least one nonionic amphiphilic lipid is considerably improved by introducing, into the said lipid phase, at least one polyol or one isoprenoic acid containing a phytyl chain, without it being necessary to modify the method of preparation of the vesicles. It was observed that even dispersions having a high lipid concentration, for example a concentration greater than 5% by weight, are then substantially transparent. 
    
    
     The first subject of the present invention is thus a cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical composition containing at least one dispersion, in an aqueous dispersion phase, of vesicles delimited by a lipid phase membrane containing at least one ionic amphiphilic lipid and/or at least one nonionic amphiphilic lipid, the said vesicles containing an encapsulated phase, characterized in that, in at least one dispersion, the lipid phase contains at least one compound of formula ##STR2## in which formula (I): 
     either W represents --CH 2  OH, --COOM or --(CH 2 ) 2  --COOM, where M represents H, an alkali metal or an alkaline-earth metal, in which case X, Y, Z and V, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl radical, with the condition that, when W represents the --CH 2  OH group, at least one of the radicals X, Y, Z or V represents a hydroxyl radical; 
     or else W represents the --CH 3  group, in which case X, Y, Z and V represent H or --OH combined as shown in each line of the table below: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
X        Y              Z      V                                          
______________________________________                                    
OH       OH             OH     OH                                         
OH       H              OH     OH                                         
OH       OH             OH     H                                          
H        OH             OH     OH                                         
H        OH             OH     H                                          
H        H              OH     OH                                         
OH       H              OH     H                                          
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     The compounds of formula (I), which are preferred, are phytanetriol or 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-trihydroxyhexadecane, 5,9,13,17-tetramethyloctadecanoic acid or the tetrols such as 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxyhexadecane or 3-hydroxymethyl-7,11,15-trimethyl-1,2,4-trihydroxyhexadecane obtained as by-products in the synthesis of phytanetriol by oxidation of phytol with hydrogen peroxide. 
     As explained above, the first advantage of the dispersions of the composition according to the invention is that these dispersions are transparent, even for high lipid concentrations. 
     Moreover, it was observed that, in the case of the preparation of certain vesicles, the introduction of at least one compound of formula (I) into the lipid phase made it possible to reduce or eliminate cholesterol, which is commonly used as constituent lipid of the wall of the vesicles, with the aim of stabilizing the vesicles. The replacement of cholesterol by a (some) compound(s) of formula (I) is of substantial advantage because the compounds of formula (I) are very difficult to oxidize, whereas cholesterol oxidizes relatively easily giving undesirable oxidation products. Moreover, the dispersions used according to the invention are generally obtained directly with a low polydispersity index without it being necessary, during their preparation, to resort to an expensive fractionation. Finally, it was observed that the topical application of certain of the dispersions makes it possible to reduce the modulus of elasticity of the stratum corneum, which is very particularly advantageous in cosmetics. 
     The compounds of formula (I) are known compounds (see, for example, &#34;Progress in the chemistry of fats and other lipids&#34;, Volume XIV, Part 1, pages 5 to 44, Ak Lough, Editor Ralph T. Holman, Pergamon Press). It is known, by an article by Yue et al. (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Vol. 1047, No. 1, pages 1-102), to prepare a dispersion of vesicles from a lipid phase containing phospholipids, in particular dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, and phytanic acid in order to study the influence of phytanic acid on the phospholipid layer, by nuclear magnetic resonance. This study shows that the presence of phytanic acid in the vesicle membrane causes a reorientation of the phospholipid layers in the magnetic field. According to an article by R. J. Cushley et al. (Can. J. of Chemistry, Vol. 55, 1977, pages 220-226), the introduction of phytanic acid into the lipid phase of lecithin vesicles would greatly destabilize the structure of the vesicle membrane. It has also been proposed to use phytanetriol in cosmetics (see CH-A 399,655, JP-A 63/5050 and JP-A 86/236,737). 
     However, until the present, the use of a vesicle dispersion containing compounds of formula I in cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical compositions has never been proposed and nothing could suggest to a person skilled in the art the specific advantages of such a use, in particular that the dispersions obtained would be transparent. 
     In the lipid phase constituting the membrane of the vesicles, the compounds of formula (I) represent, by weight, from 5 to 90%, and preferably from 10 to 60%, of the lipid phase. For amounts below 5%, there is no significant improvement in the transparency. For amounts greater than 90%, the vesicles obtained are no longer stable enough. 
     The constituent lipid phase of the membranes of the vesicles of the dispersion according to the invention can comprise, in a known way, at least one lipid chosen from the group formed by: 
     A) the nonionic lipids defined below: 
     (1) the linear or branched glycerol derivatives of formula ##STR3## in which formula (II): 
     
         --C.sub.3 H.sub.5 (OH)O-- 
    
     is represented by the following structures taken as mixtures or separately: ##STR4## n is a mean statistical value between 1 and 6 or else n=1 or 2 and then --C 3  H 5  (OH)O-- is represented by the structure --CH 2  CHOH--CH 2  O--; 
     R o  represents: 
     (a) a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic chain containing from 12 to 30 carbon atoms; or hydrocarbon radicals from lanolin alcohols; or the residues of long-chain alpha-diols; 
     (b) a residue R 1  CO, where R 1  is a linear or branched, C 11  -C 29  aliphatic radical; 
     (c) a residue ##STR5##  where: R 2  can take the meaning (a) or (b) given for R 0  ; 
     --OC 2  H 3  (R 3 )-- is represented by the following structures, taken as a mixture or separately: ##STR6##  where R 3  takes the meaning (a) given for R 0  ; (2) the linear or branched polyglycerol ethers containing two fatty chains; 
     (3) the diols containing a fatty chain; 
     (4) the oxyethylenated or nonoxyethylenated fatty alcohols, or the oxyethylenated or nonoxyethylenated phytosterols or sterols, such as, for example, cholesterol; 
     (5) the oxyethylenated or nonoxyethylenated ethers and esters of polyols, it being possible for the ethylene oxide chain to be linear or cyclic; 
     (6) the glycolipids of natural or synthetic origin, the ethers and esters of mono- or polysaccharides and especially the ethers and the esters of glucose; 
     (7) the hydroxyamides described in French Patent No. 2,588,256 and represented by the formula: ##STR7## in which formula (III): R 4  denotes a C 7  -C 21  alkyl or alkenyl radical; 
     R 5  denotes a saturated or unsaturated C 7  -C 31  hydrocarbon radical; 
     COA denotes a group chosen from the two following groups: 
     a residue ##STR8##  where: B is an alkyl radical derived from mono- or polyhydroxylated, primary or secondary amines; and 
     R 6  denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl, ethyl or hydroxyethyl radical; and 
     a residue --COOZ, where Z represents the residue of a C 3  -C 7  polyol. 
     (8) the natural or synthetic ceramides; 
     (9) the oxyethylenated fatty amines or dihydroxyalkylamines; 
     (10) the glycerol derivatives described in Patent Application PCT No. 91/00889 filed on 13 Nov. 1991 and corresponding to the formula: ##STR9## in which formula (IV) R 7  represents a linear C 14  to C 18  alkyl radical or a group --CH 2  A in which A is --OR 14 , R 14  representing a linear C 10  -C 18  alkyl radical and, preferably, a linear C 16  alkyl radical, and n represents a mean statistical value greater than 1 and at most equal to 3 and, additionally, when R 7  =--CH 2  A, n can also represent a true value (non-statistical) equal to 2. 
     B) the ionic amphiphilic lipids defined below: 
     (1) the anionic amphiphilic lipids such as: 
     the natural phospholipids, especially egg or soya lecithin, or sphingomyelin, the phospholipids modified chemically or enzymatically, especially hydrogenated lecithin, and the synthetic phospholipids, especially dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; 
     anionic compounds, such as those described in French Patent No. 2,588,256 and represented by the formula ##STR10##  in which formula (V): R 8  represents a C 7  -C 21  alkyl or alkenyl radical, 
     R 9  represents a saturated or unsaturated C 7  -C 31  hydrocarbon radical, and 
     M 1  represents H, Na, K, NH 4  or a substituted ammonium ion derived from an amine, 
     (2) anionic compounds, such as the phosphoric esters of fatty alcohols, for example dicetyl phosphate and dimyristyl phosphate in the form of acids or of alkaline salts; heptylnonylbenzenesulfonic acid; cholesterol acid sulfate and its alkaline salts and cholesterol acid phosphate and its alkaline salts; lysolecithins; alkyl sulfates, for example sodium cetyl sulfate; gangliosides; 
     (3) the cationic amphiphilic lipids, such as: 
     the quaternary ammonium derived cationic compounds corresponding to the formula: ##STR11##  with R 10  and R 11 , which are identical or different, representing C 12  -C 20  alkyl radicals and R 12  and R 13 , which are identical or different, C 1  -C 4  alkyl radicals; 
     the long-chain amines and their quaternary ammonium derivatives, and the long-chain amino alcohol esters and their salts and quaternary ammonium derivatives; 
     polymerizable lipids, such as those described by Ringsdorf and others in &#34;Angewandte Chemie&#34;, Vol. 27, No. 1, January 1988, pages 129 and 137. 
     The amphiphilic lipids used together represent preferably from 10 to 95%, more particularly from 40 to 90%, of the total weight of the vesicular lipid phase. 
     Non-lipid additives such as certain polymers, such as, for example, polypeptides and proteins, can be added to the lipid phase constituting the wall of the vesicles. 
     The aqueous dispersion phase according to the invention can consist of water, or a mixture of water and at least one water-miscible solvent such as C 1  -C 7  alcohols and C 1  -C 5  alkyl polyols. The aqueous dispersion phase can also contain compounds in solution, such as sugars, organic or inorganic salts or polymers insofar as they do not modify or only slightly modify the transparency of the dispersion. 
     The total lipid phase concentration in the dispersion is between 0.01% and 50% by weight, preferably between 1% and 20% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the dispersion. The dispersed vesicles have sizes between 20 and 3000 nm, preferably between 20 and 500 nm. 
     The compositions according to the invention can be used even in the absence of any active principle, as cosmetic products for skin treatment. It has especially been observed that, when the compound of formula (I) is phytanetriol, topical application of the composition makes it possible to reduce the modulus of elasticity of the stratum corneum. 
     However, the compositions according to the invention can also contain at least one active principle having cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical action. 
     In a known way, it is possible to introduce into the lipid phase of the vesicles of the dispersion at least one cosmetically and/or pharmaceutically active liposoluble compound. According to the invention, it is possible to use any liposoluble active principle insofar as it is compatible with the compounds of formula (I) used and insofar as it does not modify in a harmful way the transparency of the compositions. Among the latter, there may be mentioned as non-limiting examples: retinoic acid, lipoprotides and steroids. 
     The phase encapsulated in the vesicles is generally an aqueous phase. In a known way, water-soluble active principles can be introduced into the encapsulated phase and/or into the dispersion phase. Very many compounds of this type have been mentioned in the literature. Among the latter, there may be mentioned as non-limiting examples: glycerol, sorbitol, erythrulose and antibiotics. 
     Amphiphilic active principles can also be distributed between the encapsulated and/or dispersion aqueous phase and the lipid phase of the vesicles. 
     A list of the active principles which can be used in the compositions according to the invention is given in Table I below: 
     
                                           TABLE I                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
FUNCTION   ACTIVE AGENTS WHICH ARE USABLE                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
Antioxi-   The extracts of the following plants:                          
dant       Hawthorn.                                                      
or anti-   Ginkgo biloba.                                                 
free-      Green tea.                                                     
radicals   Vine.                                                          
           Rosemary.                                                      
           Enzymes:                                                       
           Marketed by SEDERMA under the name SB 12, and                  
           consisting of a mixture of lactoferrin and                     
           lactoperoxidase, glucose oxidase and potassium                 
           thiocyanate.                                                   
           Superoxide dismutase.                                          
           Glutathione peroxidase.                                        
           Superphycodismutase extracted from algae.                      
           Coenzymes Q, especially coenzyme Q10.                          
           Sequestering agents, especially polyphosphonic                 
           acid derivatives.                                              
           Tannins.                                                       
           Selenium and its derivatives, especially seleno                
           methionine.                                                    
           Peptides, for example a mixture of spleen and                  
           thymus extracts, Thiolim and unstabilized bovine               
           serum albumin.                                                 
           Proteins, for example hemocyanin, which is a                   
           copper-containing protein extracted from marine                
           snails, and apohemocyanin, which is a similar                  
           protein without copper.                                        
           Flavonoids, in particular catechin, proantho-                  
           cyanidins, flavanols, flavones, isoflavones,                   
           flavanenols, flavanones, flavanes and chalcones.               
           Carotenoids, in particular β-carotene and annatto.        
           Sorbohydroxyamic acid.                                         
           Tocopherols, in particular alpha-tocopherol and                
           alpha-tocopherol acetate.                                      
           Ascorbyl palmitate.                                            
           Propyl gallate.                                                
           Caffeic acid and its derivatives.                              
           Ascorbic acid.                                                 
           Homogentisic acid.                                             
           Erythorbic acid.                                               
           Nordihydroguaiacetic [sic] acid.                               
           Lysine laurylmethionate.                                       
           Butylated hydroxyanisole.                                      
           Butylated hydroxytoluene.                                      
           &#34;SOD-like&#34; substances.                                         
Hydrating  A reconstitution of sweat (&#34;Normal moisturizing                
NMF).      factors&#34;                                                       
humectant  Sodium pyroglutamate.                                          
           Hyaluronic acid.                                               
           Chitosan derivatives (carboxymethylchitin).                    
           β-Glycerophosphate.                                       
           Lactamide.                                                     
           Acetamide.                                                     
           Ethyl, sodium and triethanolamine lactates.                    
           Metal pyrrolidonecarboxylates, especially those of             
           Mg, Zn, Fe, Ca or Na.                                          
           Thiamorpholinone.                                              
           Orotic acid.                                                   
           alpha-hydroxylated C.sub.3 to C.sub.20 carboxylic acids, in    
           particular alpha-hydroxypropionic acid.                        
           Polyols, in particular inositol, glycerol,                     
           diglycerol, sorbitol.                                          
           Polyol glycosides, in particular alginate and guar.            
           Proteins, in particular gelatin and soluble                    
           collagen.                                                      
           Lipoprotides chosen from mono- or polyacylated                 
           derivatives of amino acids or of polypeptides in               
           which the acid residue RCO contains a C.sub.13 -C.sub.19       
           hydrocarbon chain, in particular palmitoylcaseinic             
           acid, palmitoylcollagenic acid, the O,N-dipalm-                
           itoyl derivative of hydroxyproline, sodium                     
           stearoylglutamate, collagen stearoyl tripeptide,               
           collagen oleyl tetra- and pentapeptide, hydroxy-               
           proline linoleate.                                             
           Urea and its derivatives, in particular methylurea.            
           Skin tissue extract, in particular that marketed by            
           Laboratoires Serobiologiques de Nancy (LSN) under              
           the name &#34;OSMODYN&#34; and containing peptides, amino              
           acids, saccharides and 17% of mannitol.                        
           More especially, a combination of glycerol, urea and           
           palmitoylcaseinic acid.                                        
Melanore-  Bergamot and citrus oils.                                      
gulator:   alpha-MSH and its synthetic homologues.                        
1) suntan accelerator                                                     
           Caffeine.                                                      
           Tyrosine derivatives, in particular glucose                    
           tyrosinate and N-malyltyrosine.                                
2) Depigmenting                                                           
           Ascorbic acid or vitamin C and its derivatives, in             
           particular Mg ascorbyl phosphate.                              
           Hydroxy acids, in particular glycolic acid.                    
           Kojic acid.                                                    
           Arbutin and its derivatives.                                   
           Hemocyanin (copper-containing protein of the                   
           marine snail) and apohemocyanin (protein similar               
           to the above without copper).                                  
           Hydroquinone and its derivatives, in particular the            
           monoalkyl ether and the benzyl ether                           
Skin coloration                                                           
           ortho-Diacetylbenzene.                                         
(artificial suntan)                                                       
           Indoles.                                                       
           Dihydroxyacetone.                                              
           Erythrulose.                                                   
           Glyceraldehyde.                                                
           gamma-Dialdehydes, in particular tartraldehyde.                
Liporegulators                                                            
           Complexes of vitamins and trace elements, in                   
(slimming and                                                             
           particular the vitamin B.sub.6 /zinc complex.                  
anti-acne, Orizanol.                                                      
anti-seborrhea)                                                           
           Azelaic acid.                                                  
           Xanthines and alkylxanthines, in particular                    
           extract of cola, caffeine and theophylline.                    
           Cyclic and acyclic adenosine monophosphate.                    
           Adenosine triphosphate.                                        
           Ivy extract.                                                   
           Horse chestnut extract.                                        
           Extracts of algae, in particular extract of red                
           algae (Fucus serratus) and cytofiltrate.                       
           Ginseng extract.                                               
           Centella asiatica extract (asiaticoside) containing            
           genin and asiatic acid.                                        
           Thioxolone (HBT).                                              
           S-Carboxymethylcysteine.                                       
           S-Benzylcysteamine.                                            
Anti-ageing                                                               
           Unsaponifiables, for example of soya bean and                  
and anti-wrinkle                                                          
           avocado.                                                       
           Unsaturated fatty acids, in particular linoleic                
           acid and linolenic acid.                                       
           Hydroxy acids, in particular glycolic acid.                    
           Growth factors                                                 
           Trace element/vitamin complexes, in particular                 
           B.sub.6 /Zn.                                                   
           5-n-Octanoylsalicylic acid.                                    
           Adenosine.                                                     
           Retinol and its derivatives, in particular retinol             
           acetate and retinol palmitate.                                 
           Retinoids, in particular cis- or trans-retinoic                
           acids and those described in Patents                           
           FR-A-2,570,377; EP-A-199,636; and EP-A-325,540                 
           and European Patent Application 90-402072.                     
           Combination of retinoids and xanthines.                        
           Hydroxyproline.                                                
           Sialic acids.                                                  
           The unstabilized extract of spleen, of thymus,                 
           Thiolim and bovine serum albumin sold by the                   
           company &#34;SILAB&#34; under the trade name &#34;SILAB&#34;.                  
           An animal placental extract, in particular 5.5%                
           bovine placental embryonic extract in water,                   
           stabilized with 0.2% of exyl K100a (matrix).                   
           Proteoglycans, especially stabilized 5% bovine                 
           tracheal cartilage proteoglycan (proteodermin).                
           Colostrum.                                                     
           Cell oxygenation factors, in particular                        
           octacosamol.                                                   
Anti-UV    UV screening agents, in particular 2-ethylhexyl                
           para-methoxycinnamate;                                         
           benzophenone,                                                  
           benzylidenecamphor and their derivatives,                      
           especially 2,2&#39;,4,4&#39;,-tetrahydroxybenzophenone                 
           and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulphonic                
           acid;                                                          
           para-aminobenzoic acid,                                        
           dipropylene glycol salicylate,                                 
           octyl salicylate,                                              
           the dibenzoylmethane derivatives sold under the                
           brand names EUSOLEX 8020 or PARSOL 1789 and                    
           the products sold under the brand names                        
           EUSOLEX 232, UNIVUL T 150, UNIVUL N 539,                       
           ESCALOL 507.                                                   
Keratolytic                                                               
           Salicylic acid and its derivatives such as                     
           alkylsalicylic acids, in particular 5-n-                       
           octanoyl- and 5-n-dodecanoylsalicylic acids                    
           N-hexadecylpyridinium salicylate.                              
           Retinoic acid.                                                 
           Proteolytic enzymes, in particular trypsin,                    
           alpha-chymotrypsin, papain, bromelain and pepsin.              
           Benzoyl peroxide.                                              
           Urea.                                                          
           alpha-Hydroxy acids.                                           
Emollient  Esters such as isopropyl adipate.                              
Anti-inflammatory                                                         
           Corticoids such as β-methasone 17-acetate,                
           indomethacin, ketoprofen, flufenamic acid,                     
           ibuprofen, dichlofenac [sic], diflunisal,                      
           fenclofenac, naproxen, piroxidam [sic] and                     
           sulindac.                                                      
           Glycerol monostearyl ether (batyl alcohol) and                 
           glycerol monocetyl ether (chimyl alcohol).                     
           Glycyrrhetinic acid and its salts, in particular               
           the ammonium salt.                                             
           alpha-Bisabolol (camomile extract).                            
           Shikonin.                                                      
           Extracts of plants such as arnica, aloe, cornflower            
           water.                                                         
           Extracts of meristematic tissue, in particular                 
           oak root extract.                                              
           Plankton.                                                      
Cooling    Menthol.                                                       
           Menthyl lactate.                                               
Cicatrizing                                                               
           Skin tree, mimosa tenui flora extract.                         
           Centella asiatica extract.                                     
           β-Glycyrrhetinic acid.                                    
           Hydroxyproline.                                                
           Arginine.                                                      
           A placental extract.                                           
           A yeast extract.                                               
           Fagaramide.                                                    
           N-Acetylhydroxyproline.                                        
           Acexamic acid and its derivatives.                             
Vasoprotective                                                            
           Flavonoids, in particular rutin derivatives such               
           as etoxazorutin and sodium rutin propylsulphonate.             
           Plant extracts, in particular Ginkgo biloba oily               
           extract and extract of horse chestnut (escin),                 
           of ivy (saponins) and of butcher&#39;s broom.                      
           alpha-Tocopherol nicotinate.                                   
Anti-bacterial,                                                           
           Trimethylcetylammonium bromide.                                
antifungal Sorbic acid.                                                   
           Benzoyl peroxide.                                              
           Cetylpyridinium chloride.                                      
           Benzalkonium chloride.                                         
           para-Hydroxybenzoic acid and its salts.                        
           2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol.                               
           3,4,4&#39;-Trichlorocarbanilide.                                   
           2,4,4&#39;-Trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether.                      
           Dehydroacetic acid.                                            
           A grapefruit extract in glycerol and propylene                 
           glycol.                                                        
           Chlorhexidine.                                                 
           Hexetidine.                                                    
           Hexamidine.                                                    
Insect-    Dimethyltoluamide.                                             
repellent agent                                                           
Antiper-   Aluminum chlorohydrate.                                        
spirant    Aluminum chloride.                                             
           Sodium lactate/aluminum chlorohydroxy complex.                 
           Zirconyl chlorhydrate.                                         
Deodorant  Zinc oxide                                                     
           Zinc ricinoleate.                                              
           2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol.                                        
           Hexachlorophene.                                               
           The product sold under the brand name                          
           &#34;IRGASAN DP 300&#34;.                                              
Antidandruff                                                              
           Octopyrox.                                                     
           Omadines.                                                      
           Coal tar.                                                      
           1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,4,4-trimethyl-6-                          
           pentyl-2-pyridinone [sic].                                     
           Selenium sulphide.                                             
Anti-har   Glucuronidase inhibitors.                                      
loss       Muccopolysaccharides [sic].                                    
           methyl or hexyl nicotinate.                                    
           Forskolin.                                                     
           Minoxidil.                                                     
           Xanthines.                                                     
           Retinoids.                                                     
Hair       Oxidation bases and couplers.                                  
colorant   Direct dyes.                                                   
           Self-oxidizing dyes.                                           
Hair bleaching                                                            
           Hydrogen peroxide.                                             
agent                                                                     
Reducing   Thioglycolic acid.                                             
agent for  Cysteine.                                                      
permanent- Cysteamine.                                                    
waving     N-Acetylcysteine.                                              
           N-Acetylcysteamine.                                            
           Glycerol thioglycolate.                                        
Skin and hair                                                             
           Cationic polymers, cations.                                    
conditioner                                                               
__________________________________________________________________________
 
    
     The dispersions contained in the compostions according to the invention can be prepared by any known method of preparation for the preparation of amphiphilic lipid vesicles. Various modes of preparation are, for example, described in &#34;Les liposomes en biologie cellulaire et pharmacologie&#34; [Liposomes in cell biology and pharmacology], INSERM Publications/John Libbey Emotext, 1987, pages 6 to 18. 
     The vesicle dispersions according to the invention are preferably prepared by the process described below: 
     in a first stage, the lipid phase is prepared before forming the vesicle membrane by dissolving amphiphilic lipid(s), compounds of formula (I) and, optionally, one (or a number of) liposoluble pharmaceutically and/or cosmetically active compound(s) in a solvent and the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure; 
     in a second stage, the aqueous dispersion phase is added and the mixture is homogenized mechanically by shaking and/or ultrasound, to produce the vesicle dispersion. 
     Homogenization is carried out at a temperature between 10° C. and 120° C., preferably between 30° and 80° C. 
     The compositions according to the invention can be provided in the form of gels, lotions or serums by adding, in a known way, formulation additives which have neither their own cosmetic activity nor their own dermo-pharmaceutical activity to the aqueous dispersion phase. Among these additives, there may be mentioned gelling agents, polymers, preserving agents, dyes and fragrances. 
     Another subject of the present invention is certain vesicle dispersions used in the compositions, according to the invention, which are novel. Consequently, a subject of the present invention is the dispersions, in an aqueous dispersion phase, of vesicles delimited by a lipid phase membrane containing at least one ionic amphiphilic lipid and/or at least one nonionic amphiphilic lipid, the said vesicles containing an encapsulated phase, characterized in that the lipid phase contains at least one compound of formula: ##STR12## in which formula (I): 
     either W represents --CH 2  OH, --COOM or --(CH 2 ) 2  --COOM, where M represents H, an alkali metal or an alkaline-earth metal, in which case X, Y, Z and V, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl radical, with the condition that, when W represents --CH 2  OH or COOM, at least one of the radicals X, Y, Z or V represents a hydroxyl radical; 
     or else W represents a --CH 3  group, in which case X, Y, Z and V represent H or --OH combined as shown in each line of the table below: 
     
         ______________________________________                                    
X        Y              Z      V                                          
______________________________________                                    
OH       OH             OH     OH                                         
OH       H              OH     OH                                         
OH       OH             OH     H                                          
H        OH             OH     OH                                         
H        OH             OH     H                                          
H        H              OH     OH                                         
OH       H              OH     H                                          
______________________________________                                    
 
    
     A more detailed description of these transparent dispersions, which are used for the manufacture of cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical compositions, has been given above. 
     In order to make the subject of the invention better understood, several embodiments will now be described by way of purely illustrative and non-limiting examples. 
     In the examples given below, the dispersions were prepared in the following way: 
     1.5 g of lipid phase having the composition given in Table II below are introduced into a 100 ml round-bottomed flask and solubilization is carried out in the solvent shown in the said table. The solvent is then evaporated at 40° C. through successive stages from ambient pressure to approximately 500 Pa using a rotary evaporator. 
     28.5 g of a 0.02% by weight sodium azide (NaN 3 ) solution in water are added to the lipid phase film obtained during the time and at the temperature given in Table II below. 
     The mixture obtained is agitated using an oscillating arm shaker marketed by the company &#34;Prolabo&#34; under the name &#34;Oscill 12&#34;. 
     The dispersion obtained, brought to a temperature of 30° C., is then treated for 2 min using an ultrasound homogenizer marketed by the company &#34;Branson Sonic Power Co&#34; under the name &#34;Sonifier B 30&#34; with the following setting: 
     working cycle: 50% 
     power setting: position 5. 
     The following measures were carried out on the dispersion obtained: 
     particle size, with the apparatus marketed by the company &#34;Coulter Electronics&#34; under the name &#34;Coulter N4&#34;, which operates on the quasi-elastic light scattering principle. The particle size of the vesicles is characterized by a mean diameter (d) in nanometers and a size polydispersity factor (Q). These two parameters are calculated by the method of cumulants. The measurements are carried out on dilutions containing approximately 0.3% by weight of vesicle dispersion. 
     The optical density of the dispersions, using a UV/visible spectrophotometer marketed by the company &#34;Beckman&#34; under the name &#34;U.V. 5230&#34;, the measurement being carried out at 450 nm in a cell with a thickness of 0.2 cm after dilution of the dispersion to a quarter using a 0.02% by weight solution of sodium azide in water. The lower the optical density OD 450  obtained, the greater the transparency of the dispersion. 
     Comparative tests were carried out in the absence of compound of formula (I) in the lipid phase and in the presence of 1,2-hexadecanediol, which is an unbranched polyol having the same chain length as the compounds of formula (I). 
     The results are given in Table II below: 
     
                                           TABLE II                                
__________________________________________________________________________
                     Preparation conditions                               
     Composition     Solvent used                                         
                             Agitation                                    
     of the          in lipid                                             
                             of                                           
Example                                                                   
     lipid           phase   the   d  Polydispersity                      
No.  phase           preparation                                          
                             mixture                                      
                                   (nm)                                   
                                      Q      OD.sub.450                   
__________________________________________________________________________
 1*  lipid 1     0.825 g                                                  
                      6.7 ml of di-                                       
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   174                                    
                                      0.21   0.70                         
     cholesterol 0.600 g                                                  
                     chloromethane                                        
                             45° C.                                
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
                     and 1.7 ml of                                        
                     methanol                                             
 2   lipid 1     0.825 g                                                  
                      8.4 ml of di-                                       
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   168                                    
                                      0.15   0.24                         
     cholesterol 0.300 g                                                  
                     chloromethane                                        
                             45° C.                                
     phytanetriol                                                         
                 0.300 g                                                  
                     and 1.7 ml of                                        
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
                     methanol                                             
 3*  lipid 1     0.825 g                                                  
                      6.7 ml of di-                                       
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   155                                    
                                      0.22   0.40                         
     cholesterol 0.300 g                                                  
                     chloromethane                                        
                             45° C.                                
     1,2-hexadecanediol                                                   
                 0.300 g                                                  
                     and 1.7 ml of                                        
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
                     methanol                                             
 4*  lipid 2     0.825 g                                                  
                      6.7 ml of                                           
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   178                                    
                                      0.35   0.67                         
     cholesterol 0.600 g                                                  
                     chloroform                                           
                             70° C.                                
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
                     and 1.7 ml of                                        
                     methanol                                             
 5   lipid 2     0.825 g                                                  
                      6.7 ml of                                           
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   188                                    
                                      0.21   0.38                         
     cholesterol 0.300 g                                                  
                     chloroform                                           
                             70° C.                                
     phytanetriol                                                         
                 0.300 g                                                  
                     and 0.8 ml of                                        
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
                     methanol                                             
 6*  lipid 2     0.825 g                                                  
                      6.7 ml of                                           
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   177                                    
                                      0.25   0.69                         
     cholesterol 0.300 g                                                  
                     chloroform                                           
                             70° C.                                
     1,2-hexadecanediol                                                   
                 0.300 g                                                  
                     and 1.7 ml of                                        
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
                     methanol                                             
 7*  lipid 3     0.825 g                                                  
                      6.7 ml of di-                                       
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   129                                    
                                      0.26   0.10                         
     cholesterol 0.600 g                                                  
                     chloromethane                                        
                             70° C.                                
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
                     and 1.7 ml of                                        
                     methanol                                             
 8   lipid 3     0.825 g                                                  
                      6.7 ml of di-                                       
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   104                                    
                                      0.28   0.05                         
     cholesterol 0.300 g                                                  
                     chloromethane                                        
                             70° C.                                
     phytanetriol                                                         
                 0.300 g                                                  
                     and 1.7 ml of                                        
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
                     methanol                                             
 9*  lipid 3     0.825 g                                                  
                      6.7 ml of di-                                       
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   115                                    
                                      0.25   0.10                         
     cholesterol 0.300 g                                                  
                     chloromethane                                        
                             70° C.                                
     1,2-hexadecanediol                                                   
                 0.300 g                                                  
                     and 1.7 ml of                                        
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
                     methanol                                             
10*  lipid 4     0.713 g                                                  
                      6.7 ml of di-                                       
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   165                                    
                                      0.31   0.68                         
     cholesterol 0.712 g                                                  
                     chloromethane                                        
                             70° C.                                
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
11   lipid 4     0.713 g                                                  
                      6.7 ml of di-                                       
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   140                                    
                                      0.16   0.17                         
     cholesterol 0.277 g                                                  
                     chloromethane                                        
                             70° C.                                
     phytanetriol                                                         
                 0.435 g                                                  
                     and 1.7 ml of                                        
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
                     methanol                                             
12*  lipid 4     0.713 g                                                  
                      6.7 ml of di-                                       
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   181                                    
                                      0.15   0.65                         
     cholesterol 0.277 g                                                  
                     chloromethane                                        
                             70° C.                                
     1,2-hexadecanediol                                                   
                 0.435 g                                                  
                     and 1.7 ml of                                        
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
                     methanol                                             
13   lipid 4     0.713 g                                                  
                      5 ml of di-                                         
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   133                                    
                                      0.21   0.14                         
     cholesterol 0.277 g                                                  
                     chloromethane                                        
                             70° C.                                
     mixture (phytanetriol +                                              
                 0.435 g                                                  
                     and 1.7 ml of                                        
     phytanetetrol)  methanol                                             
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
14*  lipid 1     1.050 g                                                  
                     10 ml of di-                                         
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   137                                    
                                      0.22   0.39                         
     cholesterol 0.375 g                                                  
                     chloromethane                                        
                             45° C.                                
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
                     and 2 ml of                                          
                     methanol                                             
15   lipid 1     1.050 g                                                  
                     10 ml of di-                                         
                             2 hours at                                   
                                   118                                    
                                      0.21   0.10                         
     phytanetriol                                                         
                 0.375 g                                                  
                     chloromethane                                        
                             45° C.                                
     DCP         0.075 g                                                  
                     and 2 ml of                                          
                     methanol                                             
__________________________________________________________________________
 *does not form part of the invention                                     
 
    
     In this table, the various constituents are the following: 
     Lipid 1: lecithin marketed by the company &#34;Lucas Meyer&#34; under the name &#34;Epikuron 200&#34; 
     Cholesterol: marketed by the company &#34;Prolabo&#34; 
     DCP: sodium dicetyl phosphate 
     Lipid 2: hydrogenated lecithin marketed by the company &#34;Quest International&#34; under the name &#34;Lecinol S 10&#34; 
     Lipid 3: nonionic amphiphilic lipid: polyoxyethylenated hexadecyl alcohol containing an average of 20 ethylene oxide units, marketed by the company &#34;ICI Atlas&#34; under the name &#34;Brij 58&#34; 
     Lipid 4: nonionic amphiphilic lipid of formula: ##STR13## 
     where --C 3  H 5  (OH)O-- is represented by the following structures taken as a mixture or separately: ##STR14## and n is a mean statistical value equal to 3 Mixture (phytanetriol+phytanetetrol): approximately 1/1 by weight mixture of phytanetriol and a tetrol consisting of the following isomers taken as a mixture or separately: ##STR15##