Tool holder, in particular for robot welding or cutting torches
This application claims the benefit of the filing date of International Application No. PCT/EP94/03053, filed Sep. 13, 1994. 
    
    
     This application claims the benefit of the filing date of International Application No. PCT/EP94/03053, filed Sep. 13, 1994. 
     Holders of that variety serve to hold a tool like a curing torch in the arm of a robot and let the tool swerve out of the way during a collision between the tool or the cutting torch and the work piece or a peripheral part during operations. This will avoid damaging the tool or the work piece. For such evasive movements of a tool, an emergency interrupt switch is activated, which either turns off the movement of the robot or resets the robot arm to home position. 
     A torch holder as initially described is familiar for instance from U.S. Pat. No. 4,998,606; it has a spring driven piston part within a housing, and the housing also contains a release lever for a stop plate in home position which is linked to a tool connection at the near housing wall. During excess pressure or deflection of the tool connection, the spring loaded piston part causes an axial deviation, which activates a switch for shutting off the robot or for resetting it to home position. Asymmetrically distributed in an arc on the stop plate are half spherical elements, which in home position are depressed into indentation in the adjacent housing lid. But the disadvantage is, that the spherical seats or indentations have to be tooled very precisely for the tool connection always to return to its home position. This is especially important on the robot arm for regaining the stated point of reference of the tool, as with welding or cutting torches. Tiffs point of reference is usually called Tool Center Point, TCP for short. 
     For this reason, the invention has the objective of developing a tool holder of the initially described variety in such a way, that it can achieve a uniform release force for all direction changes of the tool connection and can attain high precision in reversing to the home position, even in compact installations, with the greatest angle of radial excursion. 
     This is one of the objectives met by the characteristics identified in the paragraphs of claim 1. 
     The three point support of the stop plate linked to the tool connector assures a stable and especially tilt resistant support of the tool in its home position. The three point support also enables higher reset precision after a possible radial excursion of the tool because of a collision. Since a tilting movement makes more positioning elements available for support, the advantages of the multiple point support help in providing equal release forces for all tilt directions. 
     One design of the invention places the three positioning elements, located in the home position of the stop plate, in the comers of an isosceles triangle, which brings about a highly stable and tilt resistant positioning of the tool. 
     It is also recommended, that the active positioning elements between the stop plate and the housing am arranged symmetrically in an arc, which benefits the equalization of the relative forces of the various tilt directions. 
     One design of the invention requires the positioning elements to be spheres fixed in a mount with matching indentations in the stop plate, but the seats of the three positioning elements in the home position of the stop plate should be shallower than all the others. This simple construction and production method realizes a three point support in the home position and a six point or higher support during a tilting movement of the tool. 
     The piston part and the stop plate are prevented from rotating against each other, another advantage. The invention realizes this by including at least one alignment pin in the stop plate with a matching bored hole in the piston part. This assures that during an undesired tilting of the tool the movable piston part will also turn and the safety switch is activated. 
     A different arrangement of the invention proposes, that the piston part has a radial collar to the outside, which activates a switch element within a detector device during an axial displacement of the piston part. It is best, if this collar extends only across a defined angle around the piston part. In this manner, the robot motor is switched off in all positions except the home position. 
     Other design possibilities of the invention are listed in the additional sub claims. 
     Further aims, advantages, characteristics, and application possibilities arise from the following description of production models as illustrated in the drawing. Thus all described and/or graphically displayed features represent, by themselves or in any random combination, the object of the present invention, independent of their claims summary or their relative connection. 
    
    
     The following is shown in: 
     FIG. 1 a perspective view of a possible type of tool holder, according to specifications of the invention. 
     FIG. 2 a longitudinal diagram of the tool holder from FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 3 the tool holder of FIG. 1 with a deflected position of the tool as during a collision with a 
     piece of work. 
     FIG. 4a a schematic view of the three point support of a tool holder, 
     FIG. 4b a cross sectional view of the same three point support, 
     FIG. 5a a schematic view of the layout of a tool holder using the six point support 
     FIG. 5b the constructive design of the support of the tool holder in FIG. 5a 
     FIG. 6 the tool holder in FIG. 1 with a tool connection of different design 
    
    
     The tool holder 1 of FIG. 1 is attached to a robot arm (not shown) by a flange 3. As seen in FIG. 2, there is a movable piston part 4 within an axial guide 5 inside of the pot shaped housing 2 of the tool holder 1. The axial guide 5 of the selected production model is attached to the bottom 6 of the housing 2, closest to the robot arm. The piston part 4 is pressed to the plate shaped stop part 8 of the release lever 9. The release lever 9 is linked to a tool connection 10, where tools like welding torches or tool holding fixtures can be fastened. 
     The stop plate 8 of the release lever 9 is supported by spheres 11, symmetrically arranged in an are on the closing front lid 12 of the housing. In the selected model, the spheres 11 are enclosed like in a mount 13 in the shape of a cage which is connected to the lid 12. Of course, it is also possible to attach the cage 13 to the stop plate 8 of the release lever 9. In the start position of the release lever 9, a more detailed description of tiffs will follow, the spheres 11 lock into the corresponding indentations 16, 17 of the stop plate 8. In this condition, the release lever 9 is in its home position or has reached the point of reference for the control of the robot arm. 
     A collision between the robot or the tool with the work piece or a peripheral part causes the release lever 9 to tilt, as illustrated in FIG. 3. This tilting movement averts damage to the tool, the work piece, or the pertinent peripheral part. The deflection tips the stop plate 8 of the release lever 9, which pushes the piston part 4 against the force of the spring 7 into the direction of the bottom 4 of the housing 2. This triggers an emergency interrupt switch, which turns off the movement of the robot arm or resets it to its home position. The circuit design for the selected model assures that the collar 15 on the piston part 4, which extends radially to the outside, never comes in contact with the switch element 24 of the circuit or the detector device 14. With this tool holder 1, each compression and/or tilt movement of the release lever 9 linked to any tool is translated into an axial movement of the piston part 4, which with the switch dement 24 causes the robot arm to turn off or to reverse. 
     The radial collar 15 on the piston part 4 in the selected model extends only across an are of 45°, so that the movement of the robot arm is deactivated in all positions but the home position. 
     As can be further seen in FIG. 2, the stop plate 8 contains an aligning pin 29, which fits into a matching bored hole in the piston part 4, so flint the stop plate 8 and the piston part 4 are securely linked, without being able to rotate individually. 
     The tool holder illustrated in the production model includes a six point support between the stop plate 8 of the release lever 9 and the closing lid 12 of the housing 2. Such a six point support has the advantage of a uniform release force in comparison to a three point or even a five point support. The following is a more detailed description with the aid of FIGS. 4 and 5. 
     Generally, a three point support is advantageous for securing a stable and especially tilt resistant placement for a work piece or a tool. A three point support for the robot mount, as illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b, has high reset precision, when e.g. it is necessary to reset to the point of reference after a deflection of the tool because of a collision with the work piece. But a disadvantage of the three point support is, that the release force can be different, depending on the direction of the tilt movement, as can be seen from FIGS. 4a and 4b. A minimal release force is necessary for tilting over two points like a tilting along the A axis. Whereas for tilting around one point, corresponding to tilting along the B axis, a maximum release force is needed, since another leverage action applies than that for tilting along the A axis. As demonstrated in FIGS. 5a and 5b, the six point support was chosen for this selected production model in order to equalize the levers. Of course, it is also possible to install a nine, twelve, or even fifteen point support. In that case, the tilting C axle is moved to the outside in comparison to the three point support, so flat the difference between minimum and maximum release force is significantly smaller, Consequently the tilting C axis determines the direction of the smallest release force. 
     But generally, the advantages of the three point support are lost in such arrangements. To avoid this, the indentations or seats 16, 17 provided in the stop plate 8 for the spheres 11 alternate in depth. 
     As indicated in FIG. 5b, the recesses 17 are indented by a greater depth measure &#34;b&#34; than the recesses 16 with the depth measure &#34;a&#34;. In home position, the stop plate 8 of the release lever 9 only rests on the spheres 11 which fit in the coordinated seats 16. This assures a three point support at home position. But even during scant tilting, the spheres 11 in the direction of the tilt rest in the deeper indentations 17 of the stop plate 8 and, therefore, the advantageous force conditions of a six point support come into existence with equal release forces along all tilt directions. Note for the seats 16, 17, that the emergency interrupt switch element is not activated until the stop plate 8 truly rests on the spheres 11 with the corresponding deeper seats 17. 
     Fastening the tool connection 10 to the mount occurs with an annular spring tension element 18, which in contact position fits with its frontal conical face 19 into the complementary face 20 of an inner support ring 22 on the collar 21 of the tool connector 10. The annular spring tension element 18 is kept in a pressure fitting against the inner ring 22 by a screwable screw connection 23 attached to the release lever 9. First, this achieves a great fastening strength, since the spring tension element 18 is pressed to the inside and the inner ring 22 expands radially to the outside. At the same time, because of the elasticity of the spring tension element 18, only a small trigger momentum results when the screw connection is released. 
     The difference of the tool holder in FIG. 6 and that in FIG. 1 consists of the fact, that it includes a clamp adapter 25 for holding an axially adjustable tool support receptacle 26. This tool support receptacle 26 is infinitely adjustable and also turnable. In the selected production model, a turning angle of 30° each way is possible, while one or more pins attached to the clamp adapter 25 lock(s) into (a) corresponding longitudinal slot(s) 27. This achieves an independent self adjustment of the tool receptacle 26. Of course, it is also possible to situate the longitudinal slot(s) 27 at a different angle arrangement on the outer perimeter of the tool support receptacle 26. 
     In case the shaft 28 of the tool support receptacle 26 in the clamp adapter 25 is too close to the housing 2 of the tool holder or if it hits the housing 2 during a tilting movement, it is of course possible to shorten the shaft 28. 
     The outer contour of the housing 2 is hexagonal, which saves space or room as compared to a round housing in diameter and which is important for robot applications. Of special advantage is the weight reduction of the housing according to the invention, since the robot arm has to move less dead weight. 
     Reference List 
     1--tool holder 
     2--housing 
     3--flange 
     4--piston part 
     5--axial guide 
     6--bottom 
     7--tension spring 
     8--stop plate 
     9--release lever 
     10--tool connection 
     11--sphere 
     12--lid 
     13--mount, cage 
     14--detector device, circuit 
     15--collar 
     16--indentation, seat 
     17--indentation, seat 
     18--annular spring tension element 
     19--face 
     20--face 
     21--collar 
     22--inner ring 
     23--screw connection 
     24--switch element 
     25--clamp adapter 
     26--tool connection, tool support receptacle 
     27--longitudinal slot 
     28--shaft 
     29--pin 
     A--axis a--depth measure 
     B--axis b--depth measure 
     C--axis b--depth measure