Medium Transport; Low Wing; 2 Turbojet Eng
Air Traffic Control Fully Certified
Air Traffic Control Time Certified In Pos 1 (yrs) 21
Communication Breakdown; Confusion; Time Pressure; Situational Awareness; Distraction
ATC Issue All Types; Airspace Violation All Types; Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Published Material / Policy
Air Traffic Control Issued New Clearance
Human Factors; Procedure
Aircraft X was level at FL410 and flashing to Jacksonville Center (ZJX) Knemo sector.  The aircraft was two minutes from the boundary and the ZJX controller had still not taken the handoff.  (This is a standard procedure with many controllers at ZJX.)  As we are trained to do we called Knemo sector for the handoff.  They did not answer on the 1st; 2nd or 3rd calls.  We then initiated a turn to a 120 heading.  The aircraft was about a minute away from the boundary at this time.  Then I am unsure if the aircraft was able to turn in time.  As the aircraft was turning I called again for a handoff or a point out so as to avoid the airspace violation.  The ZJX controller finally answered the line and said radar without identifying the aircraft in question.  A few seconds later the computer showed the handoff had been accepted.  At this time we cleared the aircraft to ILM and shipped him to the Knemo sector.We have to call ZJX on approximately 20% of the northbound aircraft.  It seems as if several controllers in Torry/Knemo purposely wait until the aircraft are at or within 2 minutes of the boundary to take handoffs.  This is a very dangerous situation as it leaves no room for error.  It would be nice if they took hand off sooner so as to avoid this sort of situation.
A Miami Center (ZMA) Controller reports of having to spin an aircraft because the Jacksonville Center (ZJX) Controller would not take the handoff. When the aircraft was in its turn; the ZJX Controller took the handoff. The ZMA Controller reports this type of thing happens often.