Learjet 31
Flight Crew Multiengine; Flight Crew Instrument; Flight Crew Flight Instructor; Flight Crew Air Transport Pilot (ATP)
Flight Crew Last 90 Days 120; Flight Crew Total 9500; Flight Crew Type 2000
Deviation - Altitude Overshoot; Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Clearance; Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Published Material / Policy; Flight Deck / Cabin / Aircraft Event Other / Unknown
Air Traffic Control Issued New Clearance
Procedure
We were kept high at cruise FL380 for longer than expected. Center cleared us to descend to FL340. The First Officer was flying on autopilot and initiated a steep descent; since we were getting close to the destination. As we passed through FL360; I saw that the rate of descent was between 3;000-4;000 FPM; and stated that he should reduce the rate as we approached 1;000 feet above the assigned altitude. He disconnected the autopilot and tried to raise the nose to reduce the descent rate; also trimmed nose-up. The rate was still above 2;000 FPM as the altitude passed 34;500 feet and I coached him to level. We have flown together many times. He is very familiar with the aircraft and is an excellent pilot. I did not feel the need to take control from him. He seemed to be struggling with control pressures but leveled off at about 150 feet low from FL340... and I thought we were correcting by climbing back up. He could not seem to get it into trim. He relaxed his arms and the plane dropped an additional 200 feet immediately. The Controller then cleared us to FL330; obviously noticing our error.I figured out then that he had it completely out of trim... nose-down. I took control of the aircraft; fixed the trim and continued the descent to FL330. After a discussion; we figured out that he only pressed down on the trim barrel intermittently... he got confused as to whether the autopilot was on or not and started pushing the trim barrel without pressing the center button down. This is the way to change attitude when the Autopilot is engaged; but is ineffective with Autopilot disengaged. Since he occasionally trimmed correctly; I heard the trim clicker sound and thought he was getting the trim resolved. I would have taken control sooner if I had realized his error and will take over sooner in the future.
The autopilot had actually disengaged requiring the trim button be depressed to allow for the trim actuator to operate. I had to apply very heavy aft yoke pressure manually and was still unable to fully overcome the set trim position until I realized the issue. As I was trimming the aircraft and no trim input was occurring on the controls; I interpreted this as a trim failure and was troubleshooting the issue.
LR31 flight crew reported that an altitude overshoot on descent was due to the First Officer using improper trim procedure.