Medium Transport; Low Wing; 2 Turbojet Eng
Air Traffic Control Fully Certified
Air Traffic Control Time Certified In Pos 1 (yrs) 9
Confusion
Airspace Violation All Types; Deviation - Track / Heading All Types; Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Clearance
Air Traffic Control Provided Assistance
Chart Or Publication; Human Factors; Procedure
Aircraft X On BDEGA1 arrival issued instructions for landing runway 28L and to expect ILS runway 28L which requires the pilot to fly CORKK..BRIXX then heading 140.  The pilot instead flew the route as if issued landing runway 28R which is CORKK..FINSH then heading 100.  By flying the wrong route the aircraft entered SUTRO airspace without coordination and placed the aircraft in conflict with departures from the Bay area. I noticed the wrong turn and issued a right turn away from departures.  This happens routinely and is an extremely unsafe situation. The STAR is poorly designed and confusing to the pilots.  Many time we need the aircraft to fly the south route and then land on the right runway.  The two routes after CORKK are labeled as if that is the only runway to land on if you fly those routes and that is incorrect.  There is no standardization in the area for what these landing routes are called. Many call them transitions but they are not listed as transitions on the approach chart.  Management has provided no guidance or proper training on how the routes should be issued.Adding to the complexity of the situation; the sectors are routinely combined.  Because of the numerous problems associated with the other Descend Via route from the south (SERFR1; LAGUNA is required to take handoffs from the center 12 miles from our boundary.  Since the sectors are combined; the sector that provides feeder operations to the final must be worked on a range greater than 54 miles. The constant attention to taking handoffs 12 miles away from the airspace; stopping every SERFR1 and an intermediate altitude because it does not protect from other sectors; Class B and has speeds that are assigned in violation of Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) and monitoring which aircraft fly the wrong way on the BDEGA1; there is going to be a serious event soon.Until the issues of the poorly designed routes are resolved and management can provide proper training for the routes they should be suspended before a serious event.
A Northern California TRACON (NCT) Controller reports of a problem associated with the BDEGA1 arrival when an aircraft flies the wrong heading and enters another controller's airspace. The Controller describes this is an ongoing issue and states that management has not provided guidance or proper training on how the routes should be issued.