Skyhawk 172/Cutlass 172
Flight Crew Student
Flight Crew Last 90 Days 26.9; Flight Crew Total 26.9; Flight Crew Type 26.9
Situational Awareness; Communication Breakdown
ATC Issue All Types; Conflict NMAC; Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Clearance; Ground Incursion Runway
Air Traffic Control Issued New Clearance; Flight Crew Took Evasive Action
Human Factors; Procedure
On flight following to ZZZ; handed off to tower.  Tower instructs us to enter a right base for XX; report 2 mile right base.  Heard tower clear transition to another aircraft; and then issued a traffic advisory with regards to us.  Reported location and my instructor and I saw the aircraft on a perpendicular trajectory at same altitude; took evasive action; and was then cleared to land.  We knew that the traffic had been issued the advisory that we were at their 2 o'clock and they were south of us; northbound; but had no idea where they specifically were.  Had we been issued a traffic advisory as well; especially as their trajectory directly conflicted with our instructions; we would have been able to safely avoid this encounter. After touchdown; we were instructed to exit right when able.  We inadvertently began a right turn on to RWY XY/XZ but did call tower and receive instructions to taxi on the runway prior to entry.  The excitement resulting from the near miss only minutes before had severely compromised our situational awareness.
A student pilot with his flight instructor overheard their position announced to an aircraft transitioning the airport area; but they were not provided position information in regard to the traffic. They were surprised to find themselves in a near-mid-air-collision situation and took evasive action.