Skyhawk 172/Cutlass 172
Flight Crew Instrument; Flight Crew Remote Pilot (UAS); Flight Crew Flight Instructor; Flight Crew Commercial
Flight Crew Last 90 Days 279; Flight Crew Total 12137; Flight Crew Type 12137
Situational Awareness
Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural FAR; Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Published Material / Policy; Inflight Event / Encounter CFTT / CFIT
General None Reported / Taken
Human Factors; Aircraft
I was conducting flight training with a student. After clearing for traffic; he performed some turns around a point and a couple sets of S-turns across two nearby roads.  In the last series of S-turns we were headed west and the terrain was rising and we ended up over housing at about 600 feet AGL instead of our intended 800 feet AGL in the more sparcely populated area to the east. My attention was primarily focused on traffic at that moment as the ADS-B display of traffic on the Garmin 430 was not displaying anything.  The ADS-B IN component had been squawked as inoperative and intermittent for months but the flight school had never required the aircraft owner to get it repaired.  After the maneuvers were completed we returned to the airport without issue.This incident was recently brought to my attention and I went to FlightAware to view the details of our flight path and altitude.  It was apparent we strayed over a populated area with the last S-turn of the second set of S-turn maneuvers; and were at approximately 600 to 700 feet AGL over the rising terrain when we finished the maneuver.  The inoperative ADS-B traffic on the Garmin 430 and the low visibility due to smoke was a factor that affected my focus on the developing low altitude situation; but in hindsight; the solution would have been to move an additional 12nm east north east into a more uncongested region to conduct maneuvers.
Flight Instructor reported that while practicing maneuvers at low altitudes; they flew lower than planned over an area with housing.