MD-11
Flight Crew Air Transport Pilot (ATP); Flight Crew Flight Instructor; Flight Crew Multiengine; Flight Crew Instrument
Flight Crew Total 20000; Flight Crew Type 10000
Situational Awareness; Workload; Human-Machine Interface
Aircraft Equipment Problem Less Severe; Deviation - Track / Heading All Types; Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Published Material / Policy; Inflight Event / Encounter Weather / Turbulence
Flight Crew Overcame Equipment Problem; Flight Crew Returned To Clearance; Flight Crew Became Reoriented
Procedure; Human Factors
Runway 10 was in use; and the aircraft FMS was set up to use Runway 10; as a defined waypoint. After receiving clearance to taxi; ATC issued a clearance to use Runway 28. Runway 28 requires defining the location in the FMS; as it is not a runway that is in the database. The Captain; the non-flying pilot; defined the runway; entered it and defined other points for the departure. He then taxied out; received takeoff clearance; and I performed the takeoff. Once airborne; we began accumulating ice. The anti-ice equipment was turned on; we lost communication on Comm 1 and Comm 2. We then noticed that we had no data on our PFD's. The only NAV data available was VOR data. I set up my NAV data for direct to the VOR and followed the flight plan using VOR NAV data and airways. I instructed the Captain to update the IRS position over the VOR. This action was performed successfully. What appears to have happened is that the Captain entered the wrong coordinates when he entered the runway change. After the coordinates were entered they should have been checked and approved by all crew members. Then the appropriate checklist should have been performed. It is my opinion that the Captain should have allowed the flying pilot to modify the flight plan and that all crew members present should have verified the clearance with the data in the FMS; particularly the defined way points. The taxi checklist should have been performed after the changes per our approved procedure.
An MD11 crew took off into icing conditions. All communication was lost when anti-ice was turned on. PFD route data was unavailable. The crew used VOR for navigation and updated the IRS crossing the first VOR.