Small Transport; Low Wing; 2 Recip Eng
Air Traffic Control Fully Certified
Air Traffic Control Time Certified In Pos 1 (yrs) 24
Workload; Situational Awareness; Human-Machine Interface; Distraction; Communication Breakdown; Confusion
ATC Issue All Types; Airspace Violation All Types; Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Published Material / Policy
General None Reported / Taken
Human Factors; Procedure; Company Policy; ATC Equipment / Nav Facility / Buildings
Aircraft X called level at 10;000. I had no full data block nor paired LDB (Limited Data Block). I looked up the call sign and saw an IFR flight plan. The aircraft was on the wrong code and had; I suspected traversed MYNN airspace and not been handed off to me. We had no strip posted; contrary to facility directive. Since we have been using ERAM (Enroute Automation Modernization) no strips print. I'm not sure if the aircraft traversed my whole sector from sector 60 or went through MYNN approach first. In any event; I failed to notice the Mode C intruder. The aircraft was in 41 airspace by the time I identified him. He may have been outside my airspace when I took over the sector. Compounding the situation the aircraft was not on the computer assigned code. He departed MYEF and was on a XXXX code. I looked up that code and saw it was assigned to another aircraft that departed MYEF at about the same time. I have no idea if the aircraft was even handed off to MYNN approach; or if he got together with anyone. Also compounding the situation was numerous VFR aircraft that are told not to squawk 1200 so as to penetrate the ADIZ on a 'discrete' 1200 series code; i.e. 1241;1253;etc.Sector 60 constantly routes aircraft through MYNN airspace that exit into 61's airspace through an inbound gate. Aircraft routed through MYNN airspace should depart on either BR49V; BR22-57V; or BR54V as appropriate. Also automated hand-offs with MYNN approach is an absolute necessity due to the volume of traffic into and out of the Bahamas!!! The letter of agreement with MYNN has a paragraph that says if they can't call with a handoff; the final resolution is to put the aircraft on us. They should keep the aircraft within their airspace. This aircraft called me over 40 miles outside their airspace. Unacceptable!
ZMA Controller reported of an airspace incursion due to a procedure between two facilities. Aircraft flew into ZMA airspace without a handoff; a data block or proper transponder code.