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spec: What was the most fun about writing this particular novelization was the chance to get inside the heads of the characters . By one estimate , mining produces twice as much hazardous garbage as all other activities combined , and too often it 's the environment that suffers.Take one example : In the American West , there are a half-million abandoned mines that once produced gold , silver , and copper . Also , due to incomplete coverage of First Nations across Canada , some degree of underreporting must be assumed . The Division of Graduate Education ( DGE ) guides the graduate student from the admission 's application through completion of a graduate degree program and is responsible for graduate education policy formulation and administration . Although indirect taxes are a cost to producers and are included in market prices , they do not form part of the income of factors of production , or factor costs . So the next Google or MySpace or Ebay will never be formed because a start-up will not be able to afford to pay the toll fees . With roots in engineering and management , the center calls on faculty and graduate students , usually with industry experience , who can address problems ranging from plant layout , manufacturing systems and processes , to a host of engineering and scientific specialty areas , technical writing , product and market research and employee training . Infected roots are black or dark brown , and fine roots are absent .