{ "Q1_A3": { "foveal regeneration": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how well the fovea repaired itself" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "healing of the center of the field of vision" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "healing of the center of the field of vision" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(a part of the retina) regeneration" ] ], "visual acuity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision clarity" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "standard eyesight charts" ] ], "rhegmatogenous retinal detachment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a common retinal detachment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "common retinal detachment" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a tear in the retina leads to fluid accumulation which separates the retina from the underlying tissues" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "come apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "It can come apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "retinal detachment" ] ], "retinal": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "tissue at the back of the eye that captures images" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the light-sensitive layer inside the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the tissue at the back of the eye that captures images" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "light-sensitive layer inside the eye" ] ], "macula-off RRD": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "detachments caused by tears in the retina and where fluid had gotten under the macula" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "eye fluid has entered the incorrect area" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "detached central part" ] ], "spectral-domain optical coherence tomography": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "methods to look at cross-sections of macular regions" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Imaging" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "methods" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Snellen chart": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standard eyesight charts" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "best-corrected VA": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision clarity (with glasses or contacts if needed)" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision (corrected with glasses)" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Corrected vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision restoration" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision clarity" ] ], "external limiting membrane (ELM)-ellipsoid zone": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "Tissues responsible for vision" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "layers of the retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "various layers of the retina" ] ], "EZ-retinal pigment epithelium": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outer retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Inner eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Inner eye areas near the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tissues around retina" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a particular layer of the retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "tissue" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "layer of the retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "tissues around retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "tissues responsible for vision" ] ], "Best-corrected visual acuity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision clarity (with glasses or contacts if needed)" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision (corrected with glasses)" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Corrected vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision restoration" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision clarity" ] ], "EZ-RPE": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a particular layer of the retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "tissue" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "layer of the retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "tissues around retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "tissues responsible for vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outer retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Inner eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Inner eye areas near the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tissues around retina" ] ], "Multiple regression analysis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Statistical analysis" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Analysis" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "BCVA": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision clarity (with glasses or contacts if needed)" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision (corrected with glasses)" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision restoration" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Corrected vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision clarity" ] ], "foveal bulge": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "The bulge in the center of the field of vision" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "cuplike depression in the eye" ] ], "cone": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "color vision cells" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "RPE": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a particular layer of the retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "tissue" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "layer of the retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "tissues around retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "tissues responsible for vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outer retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Inner eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Inner eye areas near the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tissues around retina" ] ], "retinal detachment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a common retinal detachment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "common retinal detachment" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a tear in the retina leads to fluid accumulation which separates the retina from the underlying tissues" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "come apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "It can come apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "retinal detachment" ] ], "RRD": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a common retinal detachment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "common retinal detachment" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a tear in the retina leads to fluid accumulation which separates the retina from the underlying tissues" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "come apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "It can come apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "retinal detachment" ] ], "a bulge in the fovea": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "The bulge in the center of the field of vision" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "cuplike depression in the eye" ] ], "VA": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision clarity" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "standard eyesight charts" ] ], "EZ": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "layers of the retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "various layers of the retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Tissues responsible for vision" ] ], "Snellen chart visual acuity": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "standard eyesight charts" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision clarity" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "vitrectomy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "removing fluid from the eye." ] ], "controls": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "comparison" ] ], "involved": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "affected" ] ], "regression": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Statistical" ] ], "cone interdigitation zone": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "inner eye areas" ] ], "pectral-domain optical coherence tomography": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "CIZ": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "inner eye areas" ] ] }, "Q1_A2": { "scleral buckling procedure": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "treatment for retina breaks" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "where a silicone band or sponge is used to indent the parts of the eye where the tears are" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "treatment for retina breaks" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scleral buckling" ] ], "primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "common detachment of retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a common detachment of retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "retinal detachment" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ] ], "prognostic factors": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "what leads to different outcomes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "predictive factors" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "predict any outcomes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "predictive" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retinal detachment due to tears in the retinal" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retinal detachment due to tears" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "common retinal detachment" ] ], "intraoperative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "during surgery" ] ], "visual acuity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision quality" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "good vision" ] ], "macular detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "whether the central part of the retina was detached" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when eye tissue pulls away from blood vessels" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "detachment of the central part of the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "detachment of the central part of retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "eye health" ] ], "refractive error": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how clearly the eye can focus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blurred vision" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "internal gas tamponade": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gas closure of the surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the injection of gas bubbles to keep fluid from leaking through the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "injection of gas bubbles to keep fluid from leaking through the retina" ] ], "preoperative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before the surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before surgery" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "subretinal fluid": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the fluids that accumulated under retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "that fluid" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "fellow eye": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the patients\u2019 other eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "patients\u2019 other eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "unaffected eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the other eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(untreated) eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "untreated" ] ], "Best-corrected visual acuity": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ability to see small details in a standard vision test" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "best-corrected vision" ] ], "lens status": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lens health" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "condition of the lens" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lens healt" ] ], "Macular detachment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Detachment of the central part of the retina" ] ], "postoperative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after the surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after surgery" ] ], "duration of macular detachment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long the macular detachment went untreated" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how long the retina was detached" ] ], "retinal reattachment": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ] ], "macular": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the central part of the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the central part of the retina" ] ], "prognostic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "what leads to different outcomes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "predictive factors" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "predict any outcomes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "predictive" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "best-corrected VA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ability to see small details in a standard vision test" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "best-corrected vision" ] ], "retinal detachment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retinal detachment due to tears in the retinal" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retinal detachment due to tears" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "common retinal detachment" ] ], "rhegmatogenous retinal detachment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retinal detachment due to tears in the retinal" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retinal detachment due to tears" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "common retinal detachment" ] ], "pre-operative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before the surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before surgery" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "SBP": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "treatment for retina breaks" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "where a silicone band or sponge is used to indent the parts of the eye where the tears are" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scleral buckling" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "treatment for retina breaks" ] ], "Retrospective": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "past cases of the treatment" ] ], "Preoperative and intraoperative factors": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before and during surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before or after surgery" ] ], "acuity": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "quadrants": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "parts of the eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "areas" ] ], "myopia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "nearsightedness" ] ], "subretinal": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "nearsightedness": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "nearsightedness" ] ] }, "Q1_A1": { "retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "It can come apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to the eye that happens when the retina (a light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye) is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "damage to the eye that happens when the retina (a light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye) is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "come apart from the wall of the eye" ] ], "visual acuity": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ability to see small details in a standard vision test" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "clarity of many of the patients\u2019 eyesight" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "this decrease" ] ], "cataract": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "cloudiness in the lens" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a clouding of the lens in the eye" ] ], "macular degeneration": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "vision loss disease" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a breakdown of the macula" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a condition that destroys sharp vision" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a breakdown of the macula, the central part of the retina" ] ], "Chorioretinal atrophy": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "eye wasting" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the reattached retina wasted away along with the a layer that supplies the retina with blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Some of the reattached retinas lost tissues" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retina wasted away" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reattached retinas lost tissues" ] ], "atrophy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "loss of tissue" ] ], "Macular degeneration": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a disease that blurs vision" ] ], "macula": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the part of the eye that processes what you see right in front of you" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "part of the eye that processes what you see right in front of you" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the central part of retina" ] ], "segmental scleral-buckling procedures": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "when a silicone sponge is used to make an indentation in the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "silicone sponge is used to make an indentation in the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatment for retina breaks" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "eye surgery procedures" ] ], "diathermy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deep-tissue heat therapy" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "deep heating beneath the skin" ] ], "Arruga's ring suture": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a particular procedure" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "a specific suture method" ] ], "chorioretinal atrophy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "wasting of the retina and choroid" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "rhegmatogenous retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "It can come apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to the eye that happens when the retina (a light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye) is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "damage to the eye that happens when the retina (a light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye) is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "come apart from the wall of the eye" ] ], "wasting": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "loss of tissue" ] ], "defects in the visual fields": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "areas of poor vision" ] ], "malnutrition": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "poor supply of nutrients to the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "starved of nutrients" ] ], "postoperative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after surgery" ] ] }, "Q1_A5": { "primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "If the retina comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retinal detachment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "RD caused by a tear in the retina" ] ], "OCT": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of cross-sectional imaging of the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eye imaging" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diagnostic imaging" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "diagnostic imaging" ] ], "visual acuity": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "vision sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "visual sharpness" ] ], "epiretinal membrane": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "inner retina" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a thin layer to form over the retina" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "thin layer to form over the retina" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "inner retina" ] ], "membrane peel": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "scar tissue removal" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery to peel off an ERM (epiretinal membrane)" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ] ], "pars plana vitrectomy": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery to repair common retinal detachment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery to peel off an ERM" ] ], "gas tamponade": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "injecting gas under the tear to keep fluid from being trapped underneath it" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "scleral buckle": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a band or sponge to indent part of the eye" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Visual acuity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "visual sharpness" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "vision sharpness" ] ], "Macula": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a central part of the retina" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "inner eye for keen vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Central vision" ] ], "macula": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the central part of retina" ] ], "MP": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery to peel off an ERM (epiretinal membrane)" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "scar tissue removal" ] ], "retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "If the retina comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retinal detachment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "RD caused by a tear in the retina" ] ], "rhegmatogenous retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "If the retina comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retinal detachment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "RD caused by a tear in the retina" ] ], "RD": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "If the retina comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retinal detachment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "RD caused by a tear in the retina" ] ], "VA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "vision sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "visual sharpness" ] ], "ERM": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "inner retina" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a thin layer to form over the retina" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "thin layer to form over the retina" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "inner retina" ] ], "PPV": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery to repair common retinal detachment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery to peel off an ERM" ] ], "SB": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a band or sponge to indent part of the eye" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "pre- MP": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before the ERM peel" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "additional surgery" ] ], "subsequent": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "additional" ] ], "MP surgery": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ERM peel surgery." ] ], "\u2264": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "less" ] ], "disruption": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disappearance" ] ], "IS/OS": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Inner/outer eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "inner/outer eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tissues surrounding retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "retina layer" ] ], "previously described": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "loss": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disappearance" ] ] }, "Q1_A4": { "macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "If the macula comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retina tearing" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Cases of retinal detachment" ] ], "best-corrected postoperative visual acuity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy (with glasses or contacts if needed) after surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "vison sharpness" ] ], "postoperative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after surgery." ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "post-surgery" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "multivariable logistic regression": [ [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Analysis" ] ], "Chi-square": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "Analytical tests" ] ], "preoperative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before surgery" ] ], "preoperative visual acuity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "better vision before surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "visual acuity before surgery" ] ], "visual acuity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy (with glasses or contacts if needed) after surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "vison sharpness" ] ], "postoperative VA": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "VA after surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy after surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision after surgery" ] ], "macula-off retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "If the macula comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retina tearing" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Cases of retinal detachment" ] ], "multivariable logistic regression analysis": [ [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Analysis" ] ], "pre-operative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before surgery" ] ], "VA": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy (with glasses or contacts if needed) after surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "vison sharpness" ] ], "operative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery" ] ], "significantly associated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "highly linked" ] ], "macula-off retinal detachments": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "Cases of retinal detachment" ] ], "p < 0.05": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "numerical value" ] ], "Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Chi-square or Fisher's exact test": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "Analytical tests" ] ], "preoperative logMAR": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ] }, "Q1_A6": { "multifocal intraocular lens": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "artificial lenses that correct both near and far vision at the same time" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "multifocal lens" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lens that help with vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "artificial lenses inserted into the eye during surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "\u201cmultifocal\u201d artificial lens implants" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "lens that help with vision" ] ], "retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ] ], "pseudophakic eyes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eyes with artificial lenses" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(\"false lens\") eyes" ] ], "monofocal eyes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eyes with single-focus artificial lenses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eyes with multifocal artificial lenses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eyes that had single-focus artificial lenses" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(normal) eyes" ] ], "corrected distance visual acuity": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "meaning with glasses or contacts if needed" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "vision sharpness over distance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "distant vision with glasses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Vision corrected with glasses or contact lenses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "corrected vision" ] ], "defocus curves": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "inability to focus" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "visual acuity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy" ] ], "macular": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the central part of the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the central part of the retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "eyes" ] ], "Macular status": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "The state of the central part of the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Involvement of the macula" ] ], "vitrectomy with gas tamponade": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery to repair RD" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "repair RD" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "repair of the damaged retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ] ], "Univariate factorial analysis": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "rhegmatogenous retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ] ], "RD": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ] ], "Univariate factorial": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "23-gauge vitrectomy with gas tamponade": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery to repair RD" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "repair RD" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "repair of the damaged retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ] ], "mIOL": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "artificial lenses that correct both near and far vision at the same time" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "multifocal lens" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lens that help with vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "artificial lenses inserted into the eye during surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "\u201cmultifocal\u201d artificial lens implants" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "lens that help with vision" ] ], "CDVA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "meaning with glasses or contacts if needed" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "vision sharpness over distance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "distant vision with glasses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Vision corrected with glasses or contact lenses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "corrected vision" ] ], "Single-center case": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "single health center" ] ], "control study": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "additional cases for fair comparison" ] ], "pseudophakic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "artificial lenses" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "false lens" ] ], "Retrospectively": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Looking at past cases" ] ], "monofocal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "single-focus artificial lenses" ] ], "uncorrected distance": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "without glasses or contacts" ] ], "macular status": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "state of the central part of the retina" ] ], "IOL": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "single- or multifocal artificial lenses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "artificial lenses" ] ], "anatomical repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery" ] ], "mean CDVA (logMAR)": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "corrected vision accuracy" ] ], "UDVA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "without glasses or contacts" ] ] }, "Q1_A7": { "macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "If the macula comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "common detachment of the retina and its central part" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retinal detachment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "macula comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "preoperative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Pre-surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before the surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pre-surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before surgery" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "ophthalmological examination": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eye exam" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eye examination" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "postoperative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "post-surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after surgery" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "visual acuity": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "vision sharpness" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Postoperative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "After surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after surgery" ] ], "proliferative vitreoretinopathy": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "where membranes form on the retina, making it harder to reattach" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "membranes form on the retina, making it harder to reattach" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "eye disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "significant retina detachment," ] ], "tomographic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "seen using tomography" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diagnostic image" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "imaging" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "cross-sectional imaging" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "diagnostic image finding" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "imaging" ] ], "external limiting membrane": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "cavitations": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "photoreceptor": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "management delay": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "delaying treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "delays in treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment delay" ] ], "macula": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the central part of retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "eye" ] ], "OCT": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eye imaging techniques" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Diagnostic imaging detects" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Deep tissue eye imaging" ] ], "pre-operative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pre-surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before the surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Pre-surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before surgery" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "macula-off retinal detachment": [ [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "If the macula comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "retinal detachment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "macula comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "common detachment of the retina and its central part" ] ], "PVR": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "where membranes form on the retina, making it harder to reattach" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "membranes form on the retina, making it harder to reattach" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "eye disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "significant retina detachment," ] ], "proliferative vitreoretinopathy (": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "where membranes form on the retina, making it harder to reattach" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "membranes form on the retina, making it harder to reattach" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "eye disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "significant retina detachment," ] ], "preoperative clinical and tomographic factors": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "predictive pre-surgery factors" ] ], "conducted a prospective analytical study": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "collected and analyzed data" ] ], "department \"A\" of \"Hedi Raies Institute of Ophthalmology\",": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "ophthalmological": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eye" ] ], "interrogation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "interview" ] ], "clinical factors predictive": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "signs" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "predictors" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "clinical signs" ] ], "using Excel software and": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "using SPSS version 18 for Windows (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "number of detached retinal quadrants > 2": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "more than two regions of the retina detached" ] ], "PVR stage": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "presence and seriousness of PVR" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "significant retina detachment" ] ], "number of quadrants reached": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "number of detached retinal areas" ] ], "Spectral domain OCT": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Deep tissue eye imaging" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eye imaging techniques" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Diagnostic imaging detects" ] ], "microscopic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tiny" ] ], "macular": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "eye structure" ] ], "anomalies": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes" ] ] }, "Q1_A9": { "rhegmatogenous retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "If the retina comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ] ], "macular microvascular changes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes in small blood vessels in the macula" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes in the blood vessels in the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "macular microvascular (inner eye tissue) changes" ] ], "octangiography": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "an imaging technique" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eye imaging" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "shows the picture of the blood vessels in the retina." ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a procedure that shows the picture of the blood vessels in the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "imaging technique that shows cross sections of blood vessels" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "imaging" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "imaging technology" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "vessel density": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessel density" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "network of eye blood vessels and nerves" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "density of small blood vessels called capillaries" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "density of blood vessels" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "postoperatively": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after the surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after surgery" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "foveal avascular zone area": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "superficial capillary plexus": [ [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "small blood vessels" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "capillaries" ] ], "deep capillary plexus": [ [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eye blood vessels and nerves" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deep capillary plexus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "density of the blood vessels in the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessels in the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood supply to the eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessel density in the DCP" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "density of blood vessels in a layer called the deep capillary plexus" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "network of eye blood vessels and nerves" ] ], "choriocapillary plexus": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "fellow eyes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "second eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "unaffected eyes" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "healthy eyes of same person" ] ], "best-corrected visual acuity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy (while wearing glasses or contacts if needed)" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "best vision with glasses" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "visual sharpness" ] ], "external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) of photoreceptors": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "various layers of the retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "tissues related to vision" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "inner eye zones" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "inner eye zones, of photoreceptors (eye cells that convert light in the brain)" ] ], "VD DCP": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eye blood vessels and nerves" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deep capillary plexus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "density of the blood vessels in the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessels in the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood supply to the eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessel density in the DCP" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "density of blood vessels in a layer called the deep capillary plexus" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "network of eye blood vessels and nerves" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "foveal avascular zone area, superficial capillary plexus, and choriocapillary plexus": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "some parts of the eye" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "several inner eye areas" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "BCVA": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy (with glasses or contacts if needed)" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Best vision with glasses" ] ], "photoreceptor layers": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tissues that capture images" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "light-sensitive layers" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "eye cells that convert light in the brain" ] ], "retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "If the retina comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ] ], "RRD": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "If the retina comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ] ], "external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ)": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "various layers of the retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "tissues related to vision" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "inner eye zones" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "inner eye zones, of photoreceptors (eye cells that convert light in the brain)" ] ], "DCP": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eye blood vessels and nerves" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deep capillary plexus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "density of the blood vessels in the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessels in the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood supply to the eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessel density in the DCP" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "density of blood vessels in a layer called the deep capillary plexus" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "network of eye blood vessels and nerves" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "median foveal avascular zone area, superficial capillary plexus, and choriocapillary plexus": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "some parts of the eye" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "several inner eye areas" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "photoreceptors": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tissues that capture images" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "light-sensitive layers" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "eye cells that convert light in the brain" ] ], "VD": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessel density" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "network of eye blood vessels and nerves" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "density of small blood vessels called capillaries" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "density of blood vessels" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "macular microvascular": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "small blood vessels in the macula" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "inner eye tissue" ] ], "visual outcomes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy" ] ], "successfully operated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "successfully fixed with surgery" ] ], "hybrid linear mixed model": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "statistical methods" ] ], "multivariate analysis": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "Statistical analyses" ] ], "correlation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "associated" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "link" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "connection" ] ], "ELM and/or EZ": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "tissues related to vision." ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outer eye structures" ] ], "disrupted": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "broken down" ] ], "intact": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "healthy" ] ], "ELM and EZ": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outer eye structures" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "tissues related to vision." ] ], "visual recovery": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision recovery" ] ], "vessel density deep capillary plexus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eye blood vessels and nerves" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deep capillary plexus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "density of the blood vessels in the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessels in the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood supply to the eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessel density in the DCP" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "density of blood vessels in a layer called the deep capillary plexus" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "network of eye blood vessels and nerves" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ] }, "Q1_A8": { "macula-involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "tear in the retina causes the macula to come apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "If a tear in the retina causes the macula to come apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "retinal detachment" ] ], "optical coherence tomography": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "an imaging technique" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diagnostic imaging" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "imaging technique" ] ], "internal limiting membrane": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "inner eye retinal barrier" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a thin layer on top of the retina that is sometimes removed during surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the tissues next to retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a thin layer on top of the retina" ] ], "pars plana vitrectomy": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "procedure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery for primary miRD" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery to repair retinal detachment" ] ], "recurrent detachments": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "repetitive detachments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other retina detachments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "repeated detachments" ] ], "media opacities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "light blockages" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cataracts" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "opacity of eye tissues" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "cataracts" ] ], "axial length": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "severe nearsightedness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eye length" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "eye" ] ], "reading acuity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reading" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "sharpness" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ)": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "layers of the retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "external eye areas" ] ], "Subfoveal ELM": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the tissues under the central part of the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the outer lining of the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tissues under the central part of the retina" ] ], "optical coherence tomography (OCT)": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "an imaging technique" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diagnostic imaging" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "imaging technique" ] ], "OCT": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "an imaging technique" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diagnostic imaging" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "imaging technique" ] ], "axial length over 27 mm": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "severe nearsightedness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eye length" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "eye" ] ], "external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) of photoreceptors": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "layers of the retina" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "external eye areas" ] ], "miRD": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "If a tear in the retina causes the macula to come apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "breaks of the retina that result in light flashes or \"dark curtains\" in vision" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "tear in the retina causes the macula to come apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "retinal detachment" ] ], "ILM": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "inner eye retinal barrier" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a thin layer on top of the retina that is sometimes removed during surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the tissues next to retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a thin layer on top of the retina" ] ], "PPV": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "procedure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery for primary miRD" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery to repair retinal detachment" ] ], "RA": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reading" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "sharpness" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "LogMAR visual (VA) and LogRAD": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "standard vision accuracy measurements" ] ], "integrity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "damage" ] ], "EZ": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "area around photoreceptors (detect light) in the eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ellipsoid zone" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a layer of the retina seen with OCT imaging" ] ], "ELM": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "tissues underlying retina" ] ], "morphological OCT parameters": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "measurements form OCT" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "diagnostic measurements" ] ], "grade": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "health" ] ], "VA": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision" ] ], "external limiting membrane": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "tissues underlying retina" ] ], "ellipsoid zone": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "area around photoreceptors (detect light) in the eye" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ellipsoid zone" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a layer of the retina seen with OCT imaging" ] ] }, "Q1_A10": { "macula-off retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position." ], [ "EXPLAIN", "If the macula comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "macula comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "retinal detachment" ] ], "subfoveal fluid height": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a surgical technique for eye lens" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fluid to build up under the fovea" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "height of the liquid behind the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the height of the liquid under the central part of the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fluid heights" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "height of the fluid under the fovea" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "height of the liquid under the central part of the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the height of the liquid behind the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fluid height" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the height of the fluid under the fovea" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a surgical technique for eye lens" ] ], "pars plana vitrectomy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "had the gel that fills the back of the eye removed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gel that fills the back of the eye removed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "removing the vitreous" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vitreous (the fluid filling the eye)" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ] ], "Preoperative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before surgery" ] ], "optical coherence tomography": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cross-sectional imaging techniques" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "imaging technique" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "testing" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "cross-sectional imaging techniques" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "imaging technique" ] ], "best corrected visual acuity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Vision accuracy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy (with glasses or contacts if needed)" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Best vision with glasses or contact lenses" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "vision sharpness" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "vision sharpness" ] ], "Postoperative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after surgery" ] ], "pseudophakic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "had artificial lenses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "had an implanted artificial lens" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "had an implanted artificial lens" ] ], "postoperative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after surgery" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "preoperative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before surgery" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "SFFH": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a surgical technique for eye lens" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fluid to build up under the fovea" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "height of the liquid behind the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the height of the liquid under the central part of the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fluid heights" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "height of the fluid under the fovea" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "height of the liquid under the central part of the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the height of the liquid behind the retina" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fluid height" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the height of the fluid under the fovea" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a surgical technique for eye lens" ] ], "OCT": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cross-sectional imaging techniques" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "imaging technique" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "testing" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "cross-sectional imaging techniques" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "imaging technique" ] ], "BCVA": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Vision accuracy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy (with glasses or contacts if needed)" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Best vision with glasses or contact lenses" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "vision sharpness" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "vision sharpness" ] ], "perfluorocarbon liquids": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "special, gas-carrying liquid called perfluorocarbon was injected" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a special, gas-carrying liquid" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "special liquids" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "certain surgical liquids" ] ], "Visual acuity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Visual sharpness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Vision" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vision accuracy" ] ], "Prospective interventional case series": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "gas tamponade": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "injecting gas to push the unwanted fluid out" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "injecting gas to push the unwanted fluid" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "loss of central vision": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the loss of detail vision, resulting in having only side vision remaining" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "loss of central Visio" ] ], "optical coherence tomography (OCT)": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cross-sectional imaging techniques" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "imaging technique" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "testing" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "cross-sectional imaging techniques" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "imaging technique" ] ], "macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position." ], [ "EXPLAIN", "If the macula comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "macula comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "retinal detachment" ] ], "RD": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "If the macula comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position." ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the damage to light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye (retina) when it is pulled away from its normal position" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "macula comes apart from the wall of the eye" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "retinal detachment" ] ], "pre-operative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before surgery" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "PPV": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "had the gel that fills the back of the eye removed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gel that fills the back of the eye removed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "removing the vitreous" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vitreous (the fluid filling the eye)" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ] ], "LCV": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the loss of detail vision, resulting in having only side vision remaining" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "loss of central Visio" ] ], "(logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution)": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ] }, "Q14_A6": { "Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a long-term, worsening lung disease identified by worsening lung scarring" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a long-term disease where the lungs have scarring that continues to get worse" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a chronic lung disease that involves worsening lung scarring" ] ], "interstitial pneumonia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a common type of pneumonia" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the infection of air sacs in on or both lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "inflammation of the tissue of the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "infection of air sacs in on or both lungs" ] ], "antifibrotics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drugs that prevent scarring" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs that slow down the scarring of lung tissues" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "therapeutic drugs" ] ], "adverse events": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effects" ] ], "discontinuation rates": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "people often stop taking them" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "people stop using these drugs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "people end up discontinuing use" ] ], "deleterious disease": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "damaging disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "harmful disease" ] ], "pharmacological options": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drug treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drug options" ] ], "comorbidities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases in people" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "medical conditions that commonly co-exist with IPF" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases a patient has" ] ], "pharmacological treatments": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drug treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drugs" ] ], "pharmacological": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drug" ] ], "oncological": [ [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cancer" ] ], "co-morbidities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases in people" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "medical conditions that commonly co-exist with IPF" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases a patient has" ] ], "antifibrotic therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drugs that prevent scarring" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs that slow down the scarring of lung tissues" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "therapeutic drugs" ] ], "Antifibrotic agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drugs that prevent scarring" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs that slow down the scarring of lung tissues" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "therapeutic drugs" ] ], "that continues to get worse as the lungs scar.": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "chronic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long-term" ] ], "radiological/histological": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "x-rays" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "imaging and other test results" ] ], "progressive": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsening" ] ], "clinical management": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "managing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ] ], "discontinuation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stop using" ] ], "definitive cure": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "completely cure the disease" ] ], "deleterious": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "harmful" ] ], "emerging": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "upcoming" ] ], "drug pipeline": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "underway" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drugs being created" ] ], "detrimental": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "harmful" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "damaging" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bad" ] ], "plethora": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "large number" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "many" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "variety" ] ], "proven effective": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worked well" ] ], "clinical trial endpoints": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outcomes" ] ] }, "Q14_A7": { "Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a chronic, progressive and irreversible lung disease that involves scarring in the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a long-term lung disease" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a long-lasting, ongoing and irreversible lung disease" ] ], "antifibrotic therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifibrotic treatment" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatment the slows down the process of lung scarring" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatment that slows down development of fiber tissues" ] ], "forced vital capacity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Lung capacity" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung capacity" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blowing test" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the amount of air that can be exhaled from your lungs after taking a deep breath" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the maximum amount of air forcibly exhaled after fully inhaling" ] ], "antifibrotics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ] ], "FVC": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Lung capacity" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung capacity" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blowing test" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the amount of air that can be exhaled from your lungs after taking a deep breath" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the maximum amount of air forcibly exhaled after fully inhaling" ] ], "Antifibrotic therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Anti-scarring treatment" ] ], "Antifibrotic agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifibrotic treatment" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatment the slows down the process of lung scarring" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatment that slows down development of fiber tissues" ] ], "IPF": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a chronic, progressive and irreversible lung disease that involves scarring in the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a long-term lung disease" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a long-lasting, ongoing and irreversible lung disease" ] ], "irreversible": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "can\u2019t be reversed" ] ], "Licensed": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Approved" ] ], "aim": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "goal" ] ], "preserved lung function": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung capacity" ] ], "service evaluation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "service rating" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "medical services" ] ], "demographic": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "age and sex" ] ], "linear mixed model and Kaplan-Meier estimator": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "statistical modeling" ] ], "National Institute of Heath and Clinical excellence (NICE) criteria": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "national guidelines" ] ], "compassionate use program": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "allows the use of unauthorized drugs as a treatment option" ] ], "baseline": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "started" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "beginning" ] ], "higher median survival": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "living longer" ] ], "FVC of 100%": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "full lung capacity" ] ], "CUP": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "allows the use of unauthorized drugs as a treatment option" ] ] }, "Q14_A5": { "idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a chronic lung disease involving scarring of the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is worsening scarring of the lungs for unknown reasons" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "worsening scarring of the lungs for unknown reasons" ] ], "nintedanib or pirfenidone": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs that slow down the scarring of lung tissues" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "drugs that slow down the scarring of lung tissues" ] ], "interstitial": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the space between the air sacs in the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "connective tissue" ] ], "dyspnea": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "shortness of breath" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "difficulty breathing" ] ], "adverse event": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effect" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effects" ] ], "gastrointestinal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stomach-related" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the stomach and intestines" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "digestive" ] ], "smoking cessation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stopping smoking" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "quitting smoking" ] ], "pulmonary rehabilitation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung rehab" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "restoration of lung function" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rehabilitation programs for improving lung function" ] ], "comorbidities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other existing diseases" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "medical conditions that commonly co-exist" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "medical conditions that commonly co-exist with IPF" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "the course of IPF": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how IPF unfolds" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "IPF" ] ], "a progressive disease": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a disease that keeps getting worse" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "an ongoing disease" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "disease that keeps getting worse" ] ], "co-morbidities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other existing diseases" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "medical conditions that commonly co-exist" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "medical conditions that commonly co-exist with IPF" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "progressive disease": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a disease that keeps getting worse" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "an ongoing disease" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "disease that keeps getting worse" ] ], "reducing the rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "slowing" ] ], "progression": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "development" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsening" ] ], "adverse event profile": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effects" ] ], "supplemental": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "additional" ] ], "drug therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ] ], "immunizations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vaccinations" ] ], "IPF": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a chronic lung disease involving scarring of the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "worsening scarring of the lungs for unknown reasons" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is worsening scarring of the lungs for unknown reasons" ] ] }, "Q14_A10": { "idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a chronic lung disease that involves scarring in the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a disease where the lungs slowly scar until they don\u2019t work" ] ], "antifibrotic drugs": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drug" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatments that slow down the process of lung scarring" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs that slow down the development of fibers" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "adverse effects": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reactions" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effects" ] ], "efficacy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effects" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effectiveness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effective" ] ], "antifibrotics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ] ], "antifibrotic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drug" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatments that slow down the process of lung scarring" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs that slow down the development of fibers" ] ], "adverse effect": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "severe side effects" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effect" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "serious side effects" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reactions" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effects" ] ], "FVC": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the amount of air that can be exhaled from your lungs after taking a deep breath" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "forced vital capacity is the maximum amount of air forcibly exhaled after fully inhaling" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "lung capacity" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "forced vital capacity" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung capacity" ] ], "severe adverse effects": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "severe side effects" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effect" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "serious side effects" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reactions" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effects" ] ], "antifibrotic therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ] ], "Antifibrotic agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ] ], "SAEs": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "severe side effects" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effect" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "serious side effects" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reactions" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effects" ] ], "IPF": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a chronic lung disease that involves scarring in the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a disease where the lungs slowly scar until they don\u2019t work" ] ], "first-line": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "first-choice" ] ], "disease progression": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disease getting worse" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disease worsening" ] ], "second-line antifibrotic": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "taking a different antifibrotic drug than the one initially used for treatment" ] ], "radiological progression.": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "with or without signs seen in medical imaging" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "whether X-rays looked worse" ] ], "second-line antifibrotics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "second antifibrotic" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "second-choice anti-scarring drugs" ] ] }, "Q14_A4": { "idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a chronic lung disease that involves scarring in the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a disease where the lungs are slowly scarred until they don\u2019t work" ] ], "antifibrotic drugs": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drugs that slow down the process of lung scarring" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drugs that slow down the development of fibers" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ] ], "palliation of symptoms": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment of the symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "relieving symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "alleviation of symptoms" ] ], "pathogenic mechanisms": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "targeted drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disease-causing mechanisms" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "antifibrotic combinations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "combined action of the drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "acting on different aspects of the disease at the same time" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drug combinations" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drug cocktails" ] ], "antifibrotic synergy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "combined action of the drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "acting on different aspects of the disease at the same time" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drug combinations" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drug cocktails" ] ], "antifibrotics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "drugs" ] ], "pulmonary fibrosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung scarring diseases" ] ], "antifibrotic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drugs that slow down the process of lung scarring" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drugs that slow down the development of fibers" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ] ], "antifibrotic therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "drugs" ] ], "Antifibrotic agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "drugs" ] ], "pathogenic mechanisms of the disease": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "targeted drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disease-causing mechanisms" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "progression": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "development" ] ], "annual": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "yearly" ] ], "multidisciplinary support": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "includes support in many areas" ] ], "palliation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "relieving" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ] ], "that are currently under evaluation in clinical trials": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "halt disease progression": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stopping the disease from getting worse" ] ], "enhance the therapeutic benefit": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "improve health outcomes" ] ], "pathogenic pathways": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pathways involved in disease development" ] ], "optimize resources": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "efficient" ] ], "precision": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "personalized" ] ], "markers": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "indicators" ] ], "pharmacological treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "IPF drugs" ] ] }, "Q14_A1": { "Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a disease where the lungs slowly scar" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a condition that has no cure" ] ], "gas exchange units": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "loss of the ability for the lungs to get enough oxygen" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "small air sacs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "loss of structures responsible for breathing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "structures responsible for breathing" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "progressive pulmonary fibrosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "damage and scarring of lung tissues" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsening of scarring in the lungs" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "trials": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "studies" ] ], "pulmonary fibrosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung scarring" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "lung disease" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "damage and scarring of lung tissues" ] ], "IPF": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a disease where the lungs slowly scar" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a condition that has no cure" ] ], "architectural distortion": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "structure of the lungs is damaged" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "signs of lung deformity in medical images" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsening of scarring in the lungs" ] ], "progressive": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ongoing" ] ], "landmark": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "important" ] ], "management": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ] ], "critically": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balanced" ] ], "agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drugs" ] ] }, "Q14_A3": { "Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a crippling disease that slowly scars the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a progressive and damaging disease that causes scarring in the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a continuous and exhausting disease that scars the lung" ] ], "prognosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "expected course" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outcomes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outlook" ] ], "antifibrotic therapies": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring treatments" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs that sow down fibrosis -- the build-up of scar tissue" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatments that slow down the process of lung scarring" ] ], "pathobiology of IPF": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes caused by IPF" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "How IPF happens" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "biological process of IPF" ] ], "epithelial injury": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "injury to thin issues that cover and protect different spaces in the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "damage to the lining of the lungs" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "injury" ] ], "interstitium": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "between air sacs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the connective tissues in the lung" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the space between the linings of air sacs in the lung and the bloodstream" ] ], "fibroblast": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cells producing fibers" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of cell involved in tissue repair" ] ], "extracellular matrix": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a network of proteins that help give tissues structure" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "strong tissue" ] ], "pharmacotherapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drugs" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "treatments" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "treatment" ] ], "pulmonary fibrosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung scarring" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "routes of administration": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "location through which the drug is given, e.g., inhaled or swallowed" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "location through which the drug is given" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "inhaled or swallowed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ways they can be given to patients" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "taken in different ways" ] ], "profibrotic activity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung scarring" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cells that build fibers" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "dysfunctional fibroblasts that promote lung scarring" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scarring" ] ], "ECM deposition": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "buildup of strong tissues" ] ], "gas exchange": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "oxygen from getting into the lungs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gases from moving in and out of the blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the lung's ability to get enough oxygen" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gases from moving in and out" ] ], "respiratory failure": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "failure to breath" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "causes the lungs to fail" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung function loss" ] ], "different routes of administration": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "location through which the drug is given, e.g., inhaled or swallowed" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "location through which the drug is given" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "inhaled or swallowed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ways they can be given to patients" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "taken in different ways" ] ], "profibrotic activity of fibroblasts": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung scarring" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cells that build fibers" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "dysfunctional fibroblasts that promote lung scarring" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scarring" ] ], "antifibrotic therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring treatments" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs that sow down fibrosis -- the build-up of scar tissue" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatments that slow down the process of lung scarring" ] ], "Antifibrotic agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring treatments" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs that sow down fibrosis -- the build-up of scar tissue" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatments that slow down the process of lung scarring" ] ], "prognoses": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "expected course" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outcomes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outlook" ] ], "IPF": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a crippling disease that slowly scars the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a progressive and damaging disease that causes scarring in the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a continuous and exhausting disease that scars the lung" ] ], "progressive and debilitating": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "continuous and exhausting" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "crippling" ] ], "incidence": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "frequency" ] ], "aging-associated cellular dysfunction": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cells not working from age" ] ], "aberrant": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "change" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "wrong" ] ], "fibroblast activation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fibroblasts becoming active" ] ], "extracellular matrix accumulation (ECM)": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a network of proteins that help give tissues structure" ] ], "mechanisms": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disease develops" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how they work" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "processes" ] ], "molecular": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chemical level" ] ], "mechanisms of action": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disease develops" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how they work" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "processes" ] ] }, "Q14_A2": { "Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a continuing and eventually fatal lung disease that causes development of fiber in the lung tissues" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a progressive, and ultimately fatal, chronic lung disease described by an excess of the depositing of enhanced extracellular matrix proteins" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "long-term disease of the space between air sacs in the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is long-term disease of the space between air sacs in the lungs" ] ], "extracellular matrix deposition": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "development of fiber in the lung tissues" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "buildup of tissue that surrounds cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "depositing of enhanced extracellular matrix proteins" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "buildup of tissue that surrounds cells" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a network of proteins that help give tissues structure" ] ], "interstitial": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "alveolar epithelial injury": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "injury to the tissues surrounding the alveoli" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "injury to the lining of the air sacs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "injury of lung tissues" ] ], "fibrosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the process of lung scarring" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scarring" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "development of fibrous connective tissues" ] ], "dysregulated wound repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "wrong wound repair" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "wound healing going awry" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "unusual wound-healing processes" ] ], "fibroblast": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "cells that create tissue" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of cell involved in tissue repair" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cells that produce fiber" ] ], "etiology in IPF": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "why IPF happens" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "causes of IPF" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cause of IPF" ] ], "IPF etiology": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effect" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "IPF causes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cause of IPF" ] ], "epiphenomenon": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effect" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "secondary symptom" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effect" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a secondary symptom" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "macrophages": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "cells involved in immune responses" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "immune cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "immune cells" ] ], "auto-immune responses": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the body destroys its own normal tissues" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "IPF pathobiology": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bad effects IPF has on the body" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "IPF" ] ], "anti-fibrotic treatments": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs that slow down development of fibers" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatments that slow down the process of lung scarring" ] ], "macrophage": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "cells involved in immune responses" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "immune cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "immune cells" ] ], "enhanced extracellular matrix deposition": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "development of fiber in the lung tissues" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "buildup of tissue that surrounds cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "depositing of enhanced extracellular matrix proteins" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "buildup of tissue that surrounds cells" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a network of proteins that help give tissues structure" ] ], "IPF": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a continuing and eventually fatal lung disease that causes development of fiber in the lung tissues" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a progressive, and ultimately fatal, chronic lung disease described by an excess of the depositing of enhanced extracellular matrix proteins" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is long-term disease of the space between air sacs in the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "long-term disease of the space between air sacs in the lungs" ] ], "alveolar epithelial": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lining of the air sacs" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "lung tissues" ] ], "dysfunction": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "not working right" ] ], "end-stage": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "last stages" ] ], "etiology": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cause" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "causes" ] ], "innate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "general" ] ], "adaptive": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "specialized" ] ], "controversial": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "not agreed upon" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "debatable" ] ], "result of negative multicenter trials": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "studies that showed negative results" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "unsuccessful clinical trials" ] ], "initiation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "starting" ] ], "perpetuation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "continuing the bad effects" ] ], "recent and upcoming": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "new" ] ], "modulate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "adjust" ] ] }, "Q14_A9": { "idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a chronic lung disease that involves scarring in the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is a disease where the lungs slowly scar until they don\u2019t work" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a disease where the lungs slowly scar until they don\u2019t work" ] ], "antifibrotics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs that slow down development of fibers" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatments that slow down the process of lung scarring" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Antifibrotics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Anti-scarring drugs" ] ], "forced vital capacity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung capacity" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the amount of air that can be exhaled from your lungs after taking a deep breath" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "FVC -- the maximum amount of air forcibly exhaled after fully inhaling" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the maximum amount of air forcibly exhaled after fully inhaling" ] ], "antifibrotic treatments": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ] ], "Antifibrotic agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifibrotic treatment" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs that slow down development of fibers" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatments that slow down the process of lung scarring" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "antifibrotic therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifibrotic treatment" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs that slow down development of fibers" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatments that slow down the process of lung scarring" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "gastrointestinal disorders": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stomach issues" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stomach problems" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gastrointestinal disease" ] ], "adverse reactions": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effects" ] ], "prognosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "course" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the course of disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outcomes of patients" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outcomes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outlook" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outcome" ] ], "FVC": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung capacity" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the amount of air that can be exhaled from your lungs after taking a deep breath" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "FVC -- the maximum amount of air forcibly exhaled after fully inhaling" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the maximum amount of air forcibly exhaled after fully inhaling" ] ], "acute exacerbation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "short-term flare-ups" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "short-term worsening" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rapid worsening" ] ], "prognoses": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "course" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the course of disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outcomes of patients" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outcomes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outlook" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outcome" ] ], "IPF": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a chronic lung disease that involves scarring in the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is a disease where the lungs slowly scar until they don\u2019t work" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a disease where the lungs slowly scar until they don\u2019t work" ] ], "implication": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "consequences" ] ], "prognostic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "course of the disease" ] ], "propensity-score matched analyses": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "statistics" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "statistical methods" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "analysis" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "statistical analyses" ] ], "initiation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "starting" ] ], "gastrointestinal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stomach" ] ], "feasible": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "doable" ] ], "clinical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "health" ] ], "prospective study": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "studies that follow patients over time" ] ], "prognostic factors": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "course of the disease" ] ] }, "Q14_A8": { "idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a chronic lung disease that involves scarring in the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is a disease where the lungs slowly scar until they don\u2019t work" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a disease where the lungs slowly scar until they don\u2019t work" ] ], "disease-modifying treatments": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effective treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "have an effect on the disease" ] ], "interstitial": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "antifibrotic therapies": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring treatments" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatment that slows down the process of lung scarring" ] ], "mortality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rates of death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deaths" ] ], "forced vital capacity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung capacity" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the amount of air that can be exhaled from your lungs after taking a deep breath" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the maximum amount of air forcibly exhaled after fully inhaling" ] ], "antifibrotic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring" ] ], "progression-free survival": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a measurement of how long a patient lives with a disease without the disease getting worse" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "time that a patient lives with the disease and it doesn't get worse" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "PFS, time that a patient lives with the disease and it doesn't get worse" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how long it took until the disease got worse" ] ], "drug tolerability": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how well the patients tolerated the drug" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "how well a patient can deal with side effects from taking a drug" ] ], "FVC": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung capacity" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the amount of air that can be exhaled from your lungs after taking a deep breath" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the maximum amount of air forcibly exhaled after fully inhaling" ] ], "mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Death rate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rates of death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "number of patients that died" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rate of death" ] ], "diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a measure of how well you transfer oxygen from the lungs to blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lungs' ability to transfer gas" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the lungs' ability to transfer gas" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a test of lung function that measures gases" ] ], "discontinuation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stopping" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Stopping" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stopped their medication" ] ], "Discontinuation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stopped each drug" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stopping" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Stopping" ] ], "antifibrotics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ] ], "antifibrotic therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatment that slows down the process of lung scarring" ] ], "early treatment discontinuation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "early treatment stopping" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stopping treatment early" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stopping the drug early" ] ], "1-year mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Death rate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rates of death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "number of patients that died" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rate of death" ] ], "Antifibrotic agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatment that slows down the process of lung scarring" ] ], "antifibrotic drugs": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-scarring" ] ], "IPF": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a chronic lung disease that involves scarring in the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is a disease where the lungs slowly scar until they don\u2019t work" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a disease where the lungs slowly scar until they don\u2019t work" ] ], "PFS": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a measurement of how long a patient lives with a disease without the disease getting worse" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "time that a patient lives with the disease and it doesn't get worse" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "PFS, time that a patient lives with the disease and it doesn't get worse" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how long it took until the disease got worse" ] ], "Body Mass Index": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "BMI" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(a measure of fat in the body" ] ], "first-line": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "first-choice" ] ], "therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ] ] }, "Q13_A9": { "abdominal artery": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "blood vessel" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the largest blood vessel in the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "abdominal aorta" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "largest blood vessel in the body" ] ], "abdominal aortic aneurysm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "part of it stretches out like a balloon" ] ], "asymptomatic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "no symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "with no symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "without symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "show no symptoms" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "without symptoms" ] ], "rupture": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tears" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tear" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "breaking open" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "bursting" ] ], "ultrasonography": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test that uses sound waves to take pictures" ] ], "surveillance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "monitoring" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "monitored" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "watched and waited" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "watching and waiting" ] ], "open repair": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the chest was opened and the AAA repaired directly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a major surgery during which the widened area of the aorta is replaced with a graft" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "OSR" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "open surgery repair" ] ], "endovascular repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "used a stent (tube) guided through another artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent, or a device that opens an artery, surrounded with a fabric liner to strengthen the weak spots" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the weak pats of the aorta wall are strengthened by placing a stent through small catheters" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent" ] ], "mortality": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "deaths" ] ], "imprecision": [ [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "some outcomes were only reported by one study" ] ], "operative mortality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "risk of dying" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery death rate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "patients passed away during surgery" ] ], "ruptures": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tears" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tear" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "breaking open" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "bursting" ] ], "repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery" ] ], "mortality rate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "deaths" ] ], "1-year mortality rate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "deaths" ] ], "Open surgery repair": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the chest was opened and the AAA repaired directly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a major surgery during which the widened area of the aorta is replaced with a graft" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "OSR" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "open surgery repair" ] ], "early endovascular repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "used a stent (tube) guided through another artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent, or a device that opens an artery, surrounded with a fabric liner to strengthen the weak spots" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the weak pats of the aorta wall are strengthened by placing a stent through small catheters" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent" ] ], "ultrasounds": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test that uses sound waves to take pictures" ] ], "ultrasound": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test that uses sound waves to take pictures" ] ], "AAA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "part of it stretches out like a balloon" ] ], "Abdominal aortic aneurysm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "part of it stretches out like a balloon" ] ], "service costs per participant": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "average cost per patient" ] ], "after randomisation": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "exceeded the threshold": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "large enough" ] ], "early survival benefit": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Short-term" ] ], "Pooled analysis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "grouped patient data" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "GRADE": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "EVAR": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "used a stent (tube) guided through another artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent, or a device that opens an artery, surrounded with a fabric liner to strengthen the weak spots" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the weak pats of the aorta wall are strengthened by placing a stent through small catheters" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent" ] ] }, "Q13_A8": { "abdominal aorta": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the largest blood vessel in the body" ] ], "abdominal aortic aneurysm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "If this part is more than half again the width of the rest of the artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "lasting widening of the aorta in the abdomen, over an inch (3 cm) in the diameter or one and a half width of the aortic diameter at the level of the diaphragm (a muscle that separated the chest from the abdomen)." ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a lasting widening of the aorta in the abdomen" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a permanent widening of the abdominal aorta" ] ], "dilation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "widening" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "widen" ] ], "diaphragm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a muscle that separated the chest from the abdomen" ] ], "degeneration": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "weaken more and more" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "break down" ] ], "rupture": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "break" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "breaks" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "breaking open" ] ], "mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chance of dying" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rate of death" ] ], "open surgical repair": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the surgeon opens the abdomen" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "cutting open the chest to fix the artery directly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ] ], "Endovascular placement of an aortic stent graft": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stenting" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "strengthening the artery with a tube" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the weak pats of the wall are strengthened by placing a stent through small catheters" ] ], "Open surgical repair": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "cutting open the chest to fix the artery directly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "It involves cutting out part of the swollen area and putting in an artificial tube" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a major surgery requiring the removal of the widened area of the AAA and placement of a stitched graft" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the surgeon opens the abdomen" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "involves cutting open the chest to fix the artery directly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a major surgery during which the widened area of the aorta is replaced with a graft" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "open repair" ] ], "excision": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cutting out" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "removal" ] ], "dilated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swollen" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "widened" ] ], "sutured woven graft": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "graft" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stitched graft" ] ], "electively": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "planned" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "at the patient\u2019s wish" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the patient and the doctor choose and decide when the surgery will happen" ] ], "emergent situations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "an emergency" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "not schedule or planned and needs to happen right away" ] ], "aneurysm": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "AAA" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swollen artery" ] ], "systemic circulation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessel system" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood circulation" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood flow" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the blood vessel system" ] ], "noninvasive": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "an alternative to surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "minimizing the insertion of instruments into the body" ] ], "Ultrasonography": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test that uses sound waves to take pictures" ] ], "surveillance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "watching and keeping track of" ] ], "beta-adrenergic blockers": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "which slow the heart rate" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "slow the heart rate have not worked" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "medication that reduce blood pressure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "beta blockers" ] ], "renin-angiotensin inhibitors": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "both among the drugs that reduce blood pressure" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "lower blood pressure" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs that reduce blood pressure" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which lower blood pressure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "RAS-inhibitors" ] ], "cessation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Quitting" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "quitting" ] ], "1-year mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chance of dying" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rate of death" ] ], "open surgical repair of AAA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "cutting open the chest to fix the artery directly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "It involves cutting out part of the swollen area and putting in an artificial tube" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a major surgery requiring the removal of the widened area of the AAA and placement of a stitched graft" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the surgeon opens the abdomen" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "involves cutting open the chest to fix the artery directly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a major surgery during which the widened area of the aorta is replaced with a graft" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "open repair" ] ], "aneurysms": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "AAA" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swollen artery" ] ], "ruptures": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "break" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "breaks" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "breaking open" ] ], "Ultrasounds": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test that uses sound waves to take pictures" ] ], "Ultrasound": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test that uses sound waves to take pictures" ] ], "vessel wall": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "wall of the artery" ] ], "mortality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "aortic stent graft": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stenting" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "meant to seal the widened area of the aorta from the inside of the aneurysm, while leaving the wall of the aneurysm untouched" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "involves strengthening the artery with a tube" ] ], "sutured woven": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stitched" ] ], "EVAR": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "meant to seal the widened area of the aorta from the inside of the aneurysm, while leaving the wall of the aneurysm untouched" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "involves strengthening the artery with a tube" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stenting" ] ], "excluding": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "removed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "removing" ] ], "paradigm": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "approach" ] ], "serial": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "periodically" ] ], "aneurysmal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "AAA" ] ], "OSR": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "cutting open the chest to fix the artery directly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "It involves cutting out part of the swollen area and putting in an artificial tube" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a major surgery requiring the removal of the widened area of the AAA and placement of a stitched graft" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the surgeon opens the abdomen" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "involves cutting open the chest to fix the artery directly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a major surgery during which the widened area of the aorta is replaced with a graft" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "open repair" ] ] }, "Q13_A10": { "abdominal aortic aneurysm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "widening of the aorta" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the breaking open of the largest artery in the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ] ], "morbidity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rate of complications" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "problems" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "complications" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disease presence" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "mortality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "die more" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "died" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rate" ] ], "comorbidities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases" ] ], "hypertension": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood pressure" ] ], "dyslipidemia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high cholesterol" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bad cholesterol levels" ] ], "cardiovascular diseases": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heart disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heart diseases" ] ], "vasopressors": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drugs that constrict blood vessels" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessel constrictors" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "medications" ] ], "elective surgery": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scheduled surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "planned surgery" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ] ], "co-morbidities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases" ] ], "mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "die more" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "died" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rate" ] ], "1-year mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "die more" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "died" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rate" ] ], "AAA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "widening of the aorta" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the breaking open of the largest artery in the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ] ], "Abdominal aortic aneurysm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "widening of the aorta" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the breaking open of the largest artery in the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ] ], "AAA ruptures": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "AAA tears" ] ], "ultrasound": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test that uses sound waves to take pictures" ] ], "insufficient evidence": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "not enough evidence" ] ], "postoperative complications": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "more problems after surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "issues from surgery" ] ], "long-term survival": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how long people lived" ] ], "demographic variables": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "age" ] ], "incidence": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "occurrence, rate, and frequency" ] ], "threshold": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "level" ] ], "ultrasounds": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test that uses sound waves to take pictures" ] ] }, "Q13_A6": { "abdominal artery": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "blood vessel" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the largest blood vessel in the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the largest blood vessel in the body and runs through the middle of the torso area" ] ], "abdominal aortic aneurysm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ballooning of the aorta" ] ], "asymptomatic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "causes no symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "show no symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "unchanged" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "no symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "with no symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "without symptoms" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "without symptoms" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "rupture": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "breaking open" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "bursting" ] ], "ultrasonography": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ultrasound" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a test that uses sound waves to take pictures" ] ], "repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery" ] ], "surveillance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "watch it" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "monitoring" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "observed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "watching and waiting" ] ], "open repair": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the chest was opened and the AAA repaired directly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "chest was opened and the AAA repaired directly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "major surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ] ], "endovascular repair": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "(inside the aorta) repair" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent, or a device that opens an artery, surrounded with a fabric liner to strengthen the weak spots" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "uses a stent" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery used a stent (tube) guided through another artery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "used a stent (tube) guided through another artery, which is less invasive" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stent" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "mortality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "survival" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Death" ] ], "endovascular trials": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "repairs inside the aorta" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stent surgery" ] ], "mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "survival" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Death" ] ], "1-year mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "survival" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Death" ] ], "ruptures": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "breaking open" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "bursting" ] ], "Open surgery repair": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the chest was opened and the AAA repaired directly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "chest was opened and the AAA repaired directly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "major surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ] ], "early endovascular repair": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "(inside the aorta) repair" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent, or a device that opens an artery, surrounded with a fabric liner to strengthen the weak spots" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "uses a stent" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery used a stent (tube) guided through another artery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stent" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "used a stent (tube) guided through another artery, which is less invasive" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "AAA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ballooning of the aorta" ] ], "Abdominal aortic aneurysm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ballooning of the aorta" ] ], "aneurysm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall, usually where it branches" ] ], "subsequent enlargemen": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "till they start getting bigger" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gets larger" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "later enlargement" ] ], "early survival benefit": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Short-term" ] ], "30-day operative mortality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "people died within 30 days of surgery" ] ], "pooled": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "grouped" ] ], "statistically significant": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "measurable" ] ], "meta-analysis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "grouped patient data" ] ], "immediate repair": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ] ], "aortic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "aorta" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "major abdominal artery" ] ], "aneurysms": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall, usually where it branches" ] ] }, "Q13_A7": { "abdominal aorta": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the largest blood vessel in the body" ] ], "Abdominal aortic aneurysm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a permanent growth of the abdominal aorta" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "permanent widening of the abdominal aorta that exceeds 3 cm (over 1 inch)" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "If it stretches to more than 3 cm across and stays that way" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a permanent widening of the abdominal aorta" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "renal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidneys" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney" ] ], "distal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "far from" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "below" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "further from" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "further" ] ], "infrarenal": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "below the kidney arteries" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in the part of abdominal aorta below the kidney arteries" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in the part of the abdominal aorta far from the kidney arteries" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "asymptomatic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "not symptomatic" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "have no symptoms" ] ], "rupture": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tear" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "breaking open of the artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "bursting" ] ], "indicated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "needed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "recommended" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "recommend" ] ], "epidemiological": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "frequency and patterns in the population" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the population level" ] ], "etiology": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the causes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "what causes the disease" ] ], "pathophysiology": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "problems in the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "what happens in the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "physical disease process" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes in the body" ] ], "endovascular": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "use a stent" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ] ], "Open": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "open-chest" ] ], "AAA": [ [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a permanent growth of the abdominal aorta" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "permanent widening of the abdominal aorta that exceeds 3 cm (over 1 inch)" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "If it stretches to more than 3 cm across and stays that way" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a permanent widening of the abdominal aorta" ] ], "ruptures": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tear" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "breaking open of the artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "bursting" ] ], "catastrophic rupture": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deadly tear" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "breaking open of the artery" ] ], "predictor": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "risk factor" ] ], "diameter": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how big it is" ] ], "exceeds": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bigger" ] ], "epidemiological perspective": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "population level" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "frequency and patterns in the population" ] ], "comprehensively": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "thoroughly" ] ], "incidence": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "occurrence, rate, or frequency" ] ] }, "Q13_A5": { "abdominal aortic aneurysms": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "widening of the aorta" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "part of it stretches out like a balloon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery, or blood vessel" ] ], "open repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "open-chest surgery" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "surgery" ] ], "surveillance with selective repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "watching and waiting unless a patient wants surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "monitoring with selective repair" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "monitoring with repair as needed" ] ], "repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery" ] ], "surveillance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "monitoring" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "monitored" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "watch and wait" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "watching" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "watching and waiting" ] ], "clinical and nonclinical": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "proportional hazard models": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "statistics" ] ], "rupture": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tearing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "breaking open" ] ], "endovascular repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery" ] ], "comprehensive array of clinical and nonclinical": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "ruptures": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tearing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "breaking open" ] ], "Open surgery repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "open-chest surgery" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "surgery" ] ], "early endovascular repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgery" ] ], "AAAs": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "widening of the aorta" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "part of it stretches out like a balloon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery, or blood vessel" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ] ], "selective repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "patient wants surgery." ] ], "adjusted": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "taking in the account" ] ], "statistically significant": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "measurable" ] ], "survival difference": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "difference in how long people survived" ] ], "gray area": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "uncertainty" ] ] }, "Q13_A4": { "abdominal aortic aneurysm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "When it swells" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall" ] ], "dilatation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "widening" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bulge" ] ], "diaphragm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the muscle between the chest and the abdomen" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "central part of the body" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "rupture": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "breaks" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tears" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bursting" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "break open" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "bursting" ] ], "renal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidneys" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "kidney" ] ], "atherosclerosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "plaque in the arteries" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a disease of the arteries caused by the buildup of fatty material on their inner walls" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "plaque deposit on the artery wall" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "disease of the arteries caused by the buildup of fatty material on their inner walls" ] ], "Compression": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "crushed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Pressure" ] ], "erosion of adjacent tissue": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "wearing away of tissue" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "wear of the flesh" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "broken down" ] ], "mural thrombi": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Blood clots" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a type of blood clot" ] ], "predispose people": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "put people at risk" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "peripheral embolization": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessels being blocked" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "embolization (blocking) of blood vessels" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "where blood vessels distant from the aneurysm become blocked" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(blocking) of blood vessels" ] ], "periadventitial area": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the area around it" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "area just outside the outer wall of the blood vessel" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the surrounding tissue area" ] ], "acute pain": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "severe pain" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sudden pain" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "quick onset pain" ] ], "hypotension": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "low blood pressure" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "low blood pressure" ] ], "Abdominal aortography": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "inject dye so the arteries can be seen on X-rays" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "medical imaging" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "finds areas in the blood vessels where re may be narrowing or closing" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a procedure that finds areas in the blood vessels where re may be narrowing or closing" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "inject dye so the arteries can be seen on X-rays" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "medical imaging" ] ], "extent of the aneurysms": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "area and limits of the aneurysms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the size of the aneurysms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how bad the AAA is" ] ], "associated athereosclerotic vascular disease": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "calcification and narrowing of the other blood vessels" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "related atherosclerosis" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "plaques" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "related plaques" ] ], "a continuous function of": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "determined by" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "proportionate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "proportionate to" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a matter of" ] ], "mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "die" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "risk of death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "die within one year" ] ], "indicated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "needed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "recommended" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "irrespective": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "no matter" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "regardless" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Open surgical repair": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ] ], "excision": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cut out" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "removal" ] ], "dilated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "expanded" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "widened" ] ], "sutured woven graft": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a fabric tube" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a healthy substitute" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stitched graft" ] ], "emergent situation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "an emergency" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "an emergency situation" ] ], "electively": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chosen by the patient in advance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "selectively" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "at the patient\u2019s request" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the patient and the doctor choose and decide when the surgery will happen" ] ], "Elective": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "at the patient\u2019s request" ] ], "1-year mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "die" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "risk of death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "die within one year" ] ], "athereosclerotic vascular disease": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "calcification and narrowing of the other blood vessels" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "related atherosclerosis" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "plaques" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "related plaques" ] ], "continuous function": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "determined by" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "proportionate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "proportionate to" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a matter of" ] ], "open surgical repair of AAA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surgery" ] ], "ruptures": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "breaks" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tears" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bursting" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "break open" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "bursting" ] ], "AAA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "When it swells" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall" ] ], "Abdominal aortic aneurysm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "When it swells" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall" ] ], "abdominal aortic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "largest blood vessel in the body" ] ], "aorta": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the main artery that brings blood to the body" ] ], "aneurysm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swollen artery" ] ], "vessel": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "aorta" ] ], "adjacent": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Surrounding" ] ], "erosion": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "wearing away of tissue" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "wear of the flesh" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "broken down" ] ], "aneurysms": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swollen artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall" ] ], "extent": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how bad" ] ], "associated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scale" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "related" ] ], "excision of dilated area": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "expanded area is cut out" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "removal of the widened area of the AAA" ] ], "sutured woven": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a fabric tube" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stitched" ] ] }, "Q13_A1": { "abdominal aortic aneurysms": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ballooning of the aorta wall" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery, or blood vessel" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "AAAs -- ballooning of the aorta wall" ] ], "asymptomatic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "don\u2019t have symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "have no symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "do not cause symptoms" ] ], "radiologic testing": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "X-ray" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "physical examination" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "exams" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "hypertension": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "have high blood pressure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood pressure" ] ], "Ultrasound": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test that uses sound waves to take pictures" ] ], "indicated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "needed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "recommended" ] ], "beta blockade": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "medications that reduce heart rate and blood pressure" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which lower heart rate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lower heart rate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood pressure lowering medication" ] ], "aortic wall": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "wall of the artery" ] ], "mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chance of dying" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rates" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rate" ] ], "endovascular": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stent surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the surgeon uses small cuts to insert catheters" ] ], "open surgical repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Open chest surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the surgeon opens the abdomen" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "Open chest surgery" ] ], "randomized controlled trials": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "rigorous trials" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "studies" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "research studies" ] ], "morbidity": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "other problems" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rate at which disease or illness occurs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the rate at which disease or illness occurs" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "1-year mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chance of dying" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rates" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rate" ] ], "open surgical repair of AAA": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Open chest surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the surgeon opens the abdomen" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "Open chest surgery" ] ], "Open surgical repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Open chest surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the surgeon opens the abdomen" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "Open chest surgery" ] ], "Ultrasounds": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test that uses sound waves to take pictures" ] ], "AAAs": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ballooning of the aorta wall" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery, or blood vessel" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "AAAs -- ballooning of the aorta wall" ] ], "medically optimized before repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ready for surgery" ] ], "loss of aortic wall integrity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "wall of the artery completely falling apart" ] ], "Rupture": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "bursting" ] ], "mortality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "endovascular approach": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stent surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent, or a device that opens an artery, surrounded with a fabric liner to strengthen the weak spots" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the surgeon uses small cuts to insert catheters" ] ], "aortic and iliac anatomy are amenable": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessels are in good shape" ] ] }, "Q13_A3": { "abdominal aortic aneurysms": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ballooning of the aorta" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall, usually where it branches" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ballooning of the aorta" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "part of it stretches out like a balloon" ] ], "The Aneurysm Detection and Management (ADAM) trial and the United Kingdom Small Aneurysm Trial (UKSAT)": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "Two studies" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Two research studies" ] ], "open surgical repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "OSR" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chest-opening surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the surgeon opens the belly to fix the aneurism" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "chest-opening surgery" ] ], "surveillance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "monitoring" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "watching and waiting" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "watching and waiting." ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "watch and wait" ] ], "randomized controlled trials": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "rigorous clinical trials" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "studies" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "research studies" ] ], "open surgery": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "OSR" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chest-opening surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ] ], "endovascular aneurysm repair": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the aneurism is repaired through small cuts" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the aneurism is repaired through small cuts)" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent, or a device that opens an artery, surrounded with a fabric liner to strengthen the weak spots" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stent surgery" ] ], "mortality rates": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "died" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rates" ] ], "Retrospective": [ [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "past" ] ], "less invasive treatment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment that minimizes the insertion of instruments into the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatment that minimizes the insertion of instruments into the body" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "EVAR" ] ], "Zenith stent-graft": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a doctor replaces a blood vessel or tissue that's missing or damaged with a healthy substitute, called the graf" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which replaced the damaged aorta wall" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stent surgery" ] ], "all-cause mortality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death from any causes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death for all causes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Deaths for any reason" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "as death from any causes" ] ], "primary endpoint": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the main measurement of success for each treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "main outcome" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "main measures of treatment success" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "main outcomes" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "primary endpoints": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the main measurement of success for each treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "main outcome" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "main measures of treatment success" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "main outcomes" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "aneurysm rupture": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "breaking open of the AAA" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how many AAAs tear" ] ], "Positive Impact of endoVascular Options for Treating Aneurysm earLy": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "open surgical repair of AAA": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "OSR" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chest-opening surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the surgeon opens the belly to fix the aneurism" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "chest-opening surgery" ] ], "Open surgical repair": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "OSR" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chest-opening surgery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the surgeon opens the belly to fix the aneurism" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the traditional type of surgery in which the cutting of skin and tissues is completed so the surgeon has a full view of the structures or organs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "chest-opening surgery" ] ], "less invasive treatment strategy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment that minimizes the insertion of instruments into the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatment that minimizes the insertion of instruments into the body" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "EVAR" ] ], "EVAR": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the aneurism is repaired through small cuts" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the aneurism is repaired through small cuts)" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "performed inside the aorta using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "using thin, long tubes called catheters to place a stent, or a device that opens an artery, surrounded with a fabric liner to strengthen the weak spots" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stent surgery" ] ], "RTCs": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "rigorous clinical trials" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "studies" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "research studies" ] ], "AAAs": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ballooning of the aorta" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall, usually where it branches" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ballooning of the aorta" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "part of it stretches out like a balloon" ] ], "PIVOTAL": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "surgical repair": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "in which the surgeon opens the belly to fix the aneurism" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "chest-opening surgery" ] ], "AneuRx or Talent stent-grafts": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "stent" ] ], "AAA-related deaths": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "deaths related to the AAA" ] ], "objective evidence": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "hard evidence" ] ] }, "Q13_A2": { "abdominal aortic aneurysm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ballooning of the aorta wall" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery, or blood vessel." ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ] ], "mortality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "hypertension": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood pressure" ] ], "infrarenal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "below the kidneys" ] ], "elastin and collagen": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stretchy parts of the artery" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tissues in the wall of the aorta" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "proteins" ] ], "enzymatic degradation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "break down" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "breaking down" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "destruction" ] ], "Chronic": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "long-lasting" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Long-term" ] ], "inflammation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swelling" ] ], "pathogenetic mechanism": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disease process" ] ], "vascular surgeon": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "specialists who treat blood vessels" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surgeon specializing in veins and arteries" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessel surgeon" ] ], "Asymptomatic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "no symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "with no symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "without symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "have no symptoms" ] ], "be medically optimized": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "take the right drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "best medical condition" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "prepared" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "be prepared" ] ], "Symptomatic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "with symptoms" ] ], "aortic wall": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "wall of the artery" ] ], "mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "1-year mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "Asymptomatic patients": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "no symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "with no symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "without symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "have no symptoms" ] ], "medically optimized": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "take the right drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "best medical condition" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "prepared" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "be prepared" ] ], "AAA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ballooning of the aorta wall" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery, or blood vessel." ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ] ], "Abdominal aortic aneurysm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ballooning of the aorta wall" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery, or blood vessel." ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an abnormal ballooning of the major abdominal artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "When part of it stretches out like a balloon" ] ], "incidence": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "occurrence, rate or frequency" ] ], "ruptured": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "burst" ] ], "clinical risk factors": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "make it more likely" ] ], "enzymatic degradation of elastin and collagen": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "destruction of the tissues in the wall of the aorta" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stretchy parts of the artery breaking down" ] ], "infrarenal AAA": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "AAAs below the kidneys" ] ], "Chronic inflammation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Long-term swelling" ] ], "surveillance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Monitoring" ] ], "Intervals": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "periods" ] ], "diameter": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "width" ] ], "loss of aortic wall integrity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "wall of the artery completely falling apart" ] ] }, "Q12_A4": { "Superficial fungal infections": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal skin infections" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Fungal skin infections" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "infection of or near the surface of the skin caused by a fungus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an infection of or near the surface of the skin caused by a fungus, affect millions of people throughout the world" ] ], "tinea": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a skin infection caused by dermatophytes" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is a skin infection caused by dermatophytes (fungi)" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of fungal infection" ] ], "dermatophytes": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "fungus" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "fungi" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "a particular fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a specific type of fungus" ] ], "cutaneous infections": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "skin infections" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "skin infection" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "corporis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body" ] ], "faciei": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "on the face" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "face" ] ], "cruris": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ] ], "pedis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "athlete's foot" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete's foot" ] ], "manuum": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "hands" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "hands" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete's hand" ] ], "capitis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "head" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scalp" ] ], "barbae": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "barber's itch" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "beard" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "hair follicles" ] ], "unguium": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "nails" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "toenail fungus" ] ], "oral antifungals": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-fungal pills" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifungal pills" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(by mouth) antifungals" ] ], "Topical antifungals": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Antifungals creams" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Anti-fungal creams" ] ], "superficial dermatophytoses": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal skin infections" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "shallow dermatophytoses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "skin dermatophytoses" ] ], "oral agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pills" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "oral drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pill medication" ] ], "armamentarium": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "options" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "selection of treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "selection" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "intermittent pulse regimens": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "be taken in bursts" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "different schedules for taking them" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "occasional treatment regimens" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "taken in bursts" ] ], "pharmacokinetic profiles": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment features" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chemical features of these drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chemical features" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how the body processes them" ] ], "formulations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "forms of these drugs" ] ], "well tolerated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "don\u2019t have many side effects" ] ], "response rates": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "success of these drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Clinical results" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "percentage of people in a study or treatment group who have a partial or complete response to the treatment within a certain period of time" ] ], "in vitro": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lab research" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lab" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "studies performed outside of living organisms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tests in the lab" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "in the lab" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outside of living organisms" ] ], "tinea faciei": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "on the face" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "face" ] ], "in vitro studies": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lab research" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lab" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "studies performed outside of living organisms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tests in the lab" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "in the lab" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outside of living organisms" ] ], "Tinea corporis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body" ] ], "tinea capitis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "head" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scalp" ] ], "tinea cruris": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ] ], "topical antifungal agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Antifungals creams" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Anti-fungal creams" ] ], "topical antifungals": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Antifungals creams" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Anti-fungal creams" ] ], "Therapeutic strategies": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Treatment" ] ], "topical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creams" ] ], "relevant pathogens": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "relevant fungi" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "source of the problem" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "specific germs" ] ], "cutaneous": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "skin infections" ] ], "unguium variants": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "nails" ] ] }, "Q12_A5": { "a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a study" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a research study" ] ], "tinea corporis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ] ], "cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ] ], "itraconazole": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a type of antifungal pill" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Sporanox" ] ], "mycological cure": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the patient tested negative on a swab culture and no organisms were seen under a microscope" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tested negative" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tested negative for the fungus" ] ], "intention-to-treat analysis": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "A more general analysis" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "count everyone that started the trial (even if they ended up dropping out)" ] ], "tolerability ratings": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "severity of side effects" ] ], "adverse events": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effects" ] ], "well tolerated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "well handled" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "does not have more severe side effects" ] ], "tinea corporis/tinea cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ] ], "intention-to-treat analyses": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "A more general analysis" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "count everyone that started the trial (even if they ended up dropping out)" ] ], "tinea cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ] ], "Sporanox": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a type of antifungal pill" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Sporanox" ] ], "multicentre": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "multiple health care centers" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "double-blind": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the researchers nor the patients knew who was in which group" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "significantly equivalent": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "statistically equivalent" ] ], "regimens": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ] ], "laboratory parameters": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Lab tests" ] ], "randomized": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "parallel-group trial": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ] }, "Q12_A7": { "superficial mycotic infection": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "infection of or near the surface of the skin caused by a fungus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "skin disease caused by fungi" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an infection of or near the surface of the skin caused by a fungus" ] ], "dermatophytes": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the most common fungi causing these infections" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of fungus that can cause infections in humans" ] ], "pathophysiology": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the disordered physical processes associated with disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how fungal infections work" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disease-related physical changes" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "dermatophytosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "fungal infection" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "dermatophyte infections" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal infections" ] ], "cell-mediated immunity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cell-controlled immunity" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "hypersensitivity reaction": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "exaggerated immune responses occurring in response to a germ or allergen" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "trichophytin": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of fungus that can cause infections in humans" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Fungal infections" ] ], "chronicity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long-term persistence" ] ], "dermatophyte strains": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "types of fungus causing the infection" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "types of fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "dermatophyte varieties" ] ], "polymerase chain reaction": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test used to detect genetic material from a specific organism" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "mass spectroscopy": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a tool that helps identify the type of fungus that is present in a sample" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "topical antifungals": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifungals creams" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-fungal medication applied to the skin" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-fungal creams" ] ], "oral therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drugs might be given by mouth" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "oral medications" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Antifungal pills" ] ], "chronic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long-term" ] ], "dermatophyte infections of skin": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal skin infections" ] ], "tinea corporis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal infections of the of body" ] ], "cruris": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "gym itch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ] ], "pedis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "athlete's foot" ] ], "tinea cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "gym itch" ] ], "tinea pedia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete's foot" ] ], "tinea corporis/tinea cruris": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal infections of the of body" ] ], "PCR": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test used to detect genetic material from a specific organism" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "polymerase chain reaction (PCR)": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test used to detect genetic material from a specific organism" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "topical antifungal agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifungals creams" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-fungal medication applied to the skin" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-fungal creams" ] ], "agents": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "most common fungi causing these infections" ] ], "immediate hypersensitivity (IH) response": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "quick response" ] ], "delayed hypersensitivity reaction": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "longer term response" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "exaggerated immune responses occurring in response to a germ or allergen" ] ], "clinical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "signs and symptoms" ] ], "limited disease": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "infection is not too bad" ] ], "extensive cases": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "widespread infections" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "severe cases" ] ], "incidence": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rate, frequency, or occurrence" ] ], "empirical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "based on experience or observation" ] ], "management issues": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ] ], "management": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ] ] }, "Q12_A6": { "Tinea infections": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Ringworm" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "skin infection" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "group of diseases caused by certain fungi" ] ], "dermatophytes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a type of fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a certain type of fungus" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "fungi" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of fungus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "fungi" ] ], "involved site": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "what part of the body is infected" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "involved body part" ] ], "prepubertal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "before puberty" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "haven't yet reached puberty" ] ], "tinea corporis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm on the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm" ] ], "tinea cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "gym itch" ] ], "tinea pedis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete's foot" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "athlete's foot" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "athlete's foot)" ] ], "tinea unguium": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "toenail fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "nail fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Toenail fungus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "nail fungus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "onychomycosis -- infection of nail" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "toenail fungus" ] ], "tinea capitis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "fungal infection of the scalp" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm of the scalp" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Ringworm on the scalp" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal infections of the scalp" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scalp ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scalp" ] ], "mimics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases that cause the same types of rashes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "symptoms identical to other diseases" ] ], "lesions": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rashes" ] ], "tinea infections": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "eczema": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "skin irritation" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an allergic reaction" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "allergic reaction" ] ], "alopecia areata": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "hair loss due to an immune disorder" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "patchy hairloss" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "hair loss" ] ], "onychomycosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "toenail fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "nail fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Toenail fungus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "nail fungus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "onychomycosis -- infection of nail" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "toenail fungus" ] ], "dystrophic toenails": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "toenails that are deformed from being crushed or banged too much" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "toenails that are deformed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deformed, thickened, or discolored toenails from repeated low-level trauma" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "deformed, thickened, or discolored toenails" ] ], "culture": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sample" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "try to grow the fungus in a dish" ] ], "Tinea corporis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Ringworm" ] ], "topical agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifungal creams" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "terbinafine or butenafine" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "terbinafine cream or butenafine cream" ] ], "immunocompromised": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "with weakened immune systems" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "has a weak immune system" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deficient immune system" ] ], "moccasin-type tinea pedis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a type of athlete's foot affecting the bottom and sides of the feet" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot that spreads across the sole" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of athlete's foot affecting the bottom and sides of the feet" ] ], "oral": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "taken by mouth" ] ], "Oral terbinafine": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "terbinafine taken by mouth" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "antifungal pill" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "first-line treatment for tinea capitis and onychomycosis" ] ], "tolerability": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tolerable side effects" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "doesn\u2019t usually cause side effects" ] ], "kerion": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "if the infection causes a pus-filled sore" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pus-filled sores" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pus-filled sore" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "swollen pus-filled sore that sometimes oozes" ] ], "griseofulvin": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "an anti-fungal drug with more side effects" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "antifungal pill" ] ], "Trichophyton": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of fungus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a fungus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "dermatophyte molds" ] ], "pathogen": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the germ causing the infection" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "germ causing the infection" ] ], "tinea corporis/tinea cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm on the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm" ] ], "tinea pedis/manus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete's foot" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "athlete's foot" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "athlete's foot)" ] ], "capitis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "fungal infection of the scalp" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm of the scalp" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Ringworm on the scalp" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal infections of the scalp" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scalp ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scalp" ] ], "corporis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Ringworm" ] ], "severe moccasin-type tinea pedis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a type of athlete's foot affecting the bottom and sides of the feet" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot that spreads across the sole" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of athlete's foot affecting the bottom and sides of the feet" ] ], "terbinafine": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "terbinafine taken by mouth" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "antifungal pill" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "first-line treatment for tinea capitis and onychomycosis" ] ], "cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "gym itch" ] ], "Tinea": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Ringworm" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "skin infection caused by a certain type of fungus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "group of diseases caused by certain fungi" ] ], "manifest identical lesions": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "same types of rashes" ] ], "clinical diagnosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Diagnosis based on clinical symptoms" ] ], "repeated low-level trauma.": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "crushed or banged too much" ] ], "potassium hydroxide preparation": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "tests" ] ], "extensive disease": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "severe infection" ] ], "failed topical treatment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creams are not working" ] ], "immunocompromised patients": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "patient has a weak immune system" ] ], "first-line therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "preferred treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "first-line treatment" ] ] }, "Q12_A2": { "terbinafine": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of antifungal pill" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an anti-fungal drug used for ringworm, jock itch, athlete\u2019s foot, and toenail fungus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "anti-fungal drug used for ringworm, jock itch, athlete\u2019s foot, and toenail fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "terbinafine by mouth" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "terbinafine pills" ] ], "oral": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "by mouth" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pill" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "by mouth" ] ], "superficial dermatophyte infections": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "fungal infections on or near the surface of the skin" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(fungal) skin infections" ] ], "tinea cruris/corporis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch or body ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch and ringworm infections" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch or ringworm" ] ], "followed-up": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "monitored" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "followed" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "monitored" ] ], "Clinical and mycological assessments": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "lab tests" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "symptoms and did lab tests" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Clinical examinations and tests for fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Clinical and fungus tests" ] ], "mycological investigations": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "laboratory tests" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Lab tests" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Fungus tests" ] ], "oral terbinafine": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "terbinafine by mouth" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "terbinafine pills" ] ], "Oral terbinafine": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of antifungal pill" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an anti-fungal drug used for ringworm, jock itch, athlete\u2019s foot, and toenail fungus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "anti-fungal drug used for ringworm, jock itch, athlete\u2019s foot, and toenail fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "terbinafine by mouth" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "terbinafine pills" ] ], "regimens": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "schedules" ] ] }, "Q12_A3": { "oral": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drug taken by mouth" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "taken by mouth" ] ], "tinea corporis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm" ] ], "tinea cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ] ], "itraconazole": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of antifungal pill" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stops fungus from growing" ] ], "mycological cure rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the patient tested negative on a swab culture and no organisms were seen under a microscope" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "number of patients with negative lab tests for fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "negative lab tests for fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lab tests for fungi" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "patient tested negative on a swab culture and no organisms were seen under a microscope" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "lab tests" ] ], "urticarial reaction": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "hives" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rash" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "itching reaction" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "hives" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "rash" ] ], "well tolerated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "not seem to have many side effects" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "handled well" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "does not seem to have many side effects" ] ], "mycological cure rates": [ [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the patient tested negative on a swab culture and no organisms were seen under a microscope" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lab tests for fungi" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "number of patients with negative lab tests for fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "negative lab tests for fungus" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "lab tests" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "patient tested negative on a swab culture and no organisms were seen under a microscope" ] ], "tinea corporis/tinea cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm" ] ], "cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ] ], "Sporanox": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of antifungal pill" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stops fungus from growing" ] ], "Itraconazole": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of antifungal pill" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stops fungus from growing" ] ], "responders": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "showed signs of the treatment working" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "responded to the treatment." ] ], "clinical response rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "patients with improved signs and symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "appeared cured on clinical examination" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "percentage of people in a study or treatment group who have a partial or complete response to the treatment within a certain period of time" ] ], "adverse": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bad" ] ], "same satisfactory levels": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "acceptable number of patients showed improvement" ] ], "post-therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after treatment" ] ] }, "Q12_A1": { "orally": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "by mouth" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "taken by mouth" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "by mouth" ] ], "double-blind trials": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "rigorous trials" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "clinical trials" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "research studies" ] ], "griseofulvin": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "type of antifungal pill" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Fulvicin" ] ], "Itraconazole": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of antifungal pill" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Sporanox" ] ], "triazole": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "dermatophytosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of fungal infection" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "fungal infection" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal skin infections" ] ], "mycological cure rate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the patient tested negative on a swab culture and no organisms were seen under a microscope" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "patient tested negative on a swab culture and no organisms were seen under a microscope" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lab tests for fungus" ] ], "pharmacokinetic profile": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how the body processes each drug" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Chemical characteristics" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "ultramicronized": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ground very finely so it would be absorbed better" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ground very finely" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "tinea corporis and/or cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm and/or jock itch" ] ], "tinea pedis and/or manus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot and/or hand ringworm" ] ], "post-therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after treatment" ] ], "tinea corporis/cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm, jock itch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm, jock itch" ] ], "tinea pedis/manus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot, and hand ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete's foot and hand" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete's foot and athlete's hand" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot and/or hand ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot and hand ringworm" ] ], "mycological cure rates": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the patient tested negative on a swab culture and no organisms were seen under a microscope" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "patient tested negative on a swab culture and no organisms were seen under a microscope" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lab tests for fungus" ] ], "tinea corporis/tinea cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm and/or jock itch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm, jock itch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm, jock itch" ] ], "tinea corporis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm and/or jock itch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm, jock itch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm, jock itch" ] ], "tinea pedis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot, and hand ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete's foot and hand" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete's foot and athlete's hand" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot and/or hand ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot and hand ringworm" ] ], "Sporanox": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of antifungal pill" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Sporanox" ] ], "itraconazole": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of antifungal pill" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Sporanox" ] ], "Fulvicin": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "type of antifungal pill" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Fulvicin" ] ], "non-fixed treatment regimen": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "on various schedules" ] ], "cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ] ], "manus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "hand ringworm" ] ], "clinical outcome": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "symptoms and lab tests" ] ], "mycological outcome": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lab tests for fungus" ] ], "tinea cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ] ] }, "Q12_A8": { "superficial fungal infections": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "ringworm, athlete\u2019s foot, and toenail fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "infections on or near the surface of the skin" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal skin infections" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "infections on or near the surface of the skin" ] ], "oral and topical antifungal agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifungal pills and creams" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-fungal creams and pills" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifungal drugs taken by mouth and topical creams" ] ], "dermatophytes": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "fungi" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of fungus" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Dermatophytosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a specific kind of fungal infection" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "oral antifungal armamentarium": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "oral antifungal treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifungal pill treatment options" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifungal pills available" ] ], "recalcitrant": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "won\u2019t go away" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "difficult" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "hard to manage infections" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "hard to manage" ] ], "Griseofulvin": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "antifungal drug" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of antifungal pill" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifungal drug" ] ], "tinea capitis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scalp ringworm" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "fungal infection of the scalp" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm of the scalp" ] ], "ketoconazole": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of antifungal pill" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "drug" ] ], "hepatotoxicity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "liver damage" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "toxic to the liver." ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "toxic to the liver" ] ], "Topical antifungals": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Antifungals creams" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Anti-fungal creams" ] ], "tinea pedis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete's foot" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "athlete's foot" ] ], "tinea corporis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm on the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm on the body or groin" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm" ] ], "tinea unguium": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "toenail fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "nail fungus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "nail fungus" ] ], "tinea cruris": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ] ], "topical antifungal agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifungal creams" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-fungal creams" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Anti-fungal creams" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Antifungals creams" ] ], "oxaborole": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a type of antibiotic" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "tavaborole" ] ], "topical antifungals": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifungal creams" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-fungal creams" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Anti-fungal creams" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Antifungals creams" ] ], "tinea corporis/tinea cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm on the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm on the body or groin" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm" ] ], "tinea pedis/manus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete\u2019s foot" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "athlete's foot" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "athlete's foot" ] ], "capitis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scalp ringworm" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "fungal infection of the scalp" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm of the scalp" ] ], "cruris": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ] ], "azoles": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "efinaconazole, luliconazole, and sertaconazole" ] ], "delivery systems": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ways to get the drug where it is needed" ] ], "compliance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ensure people use the drugs as intended" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "use by patients" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "following of recommended directions of treatment" ] ], "antifungal armamentarium": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifungal treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifungal pills" ] ] }, "Q12_A9": { "Dermatophytic infections": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Fungal skin infections" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(fungal) infections" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "common fungal infections" ] ], "aggravated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "get worse" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsened" ] ], "oral antifungal agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-fungal pills" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "antifungal pills" ] ], "efficacy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effectiveness" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "tinea corporis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm" ] ], "tinea cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ] ], "pruritus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "itching" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "itching" ] ], "erythema": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reddening of the skin" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "redness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "skin redness" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "redness" ] ], "Clinical global improvement": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Overall clinical improvement" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Overall improvement of signs and symptoms" ] ], "itraconazole": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Sporanox" ] ], "adverse effects": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effects" ] ], "taste disturbances": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "taste changes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes in taste" ] ], "Itraconazole": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Sporanox" ] ], "terbinafine": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Lamisil" ] ], "tinea corporis/tinea cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm" ] ], "Lamisil": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Lamisil" ] ], "Oral terbinafine": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Lamisil" ] ], "Terbinafine": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Lamisil" ] ], "cruris": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ] ], "adverse effect": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effects" ] ], "severe adverse effects": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side effects" ] ], "Sporanox": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Sporanox" ] ], "conventional": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "traditional" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "normal" ] ], "scaling": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scaling" ] ], "mycological cure": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the patient tested negative on a swab culture and no organisms were seen under a microscope" ] ], "gastrointestinal upset": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "upset stomach" ] ] }, "Q12_A10": { "Dermatophytic infections": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal skin infections" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(fungal) infections" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "common fungal infections" ] ], "chronic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long-term" ] ], "oral": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "by mouth" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "by mouth" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pills" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "tinea corporis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "tinea cruris": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ] ], "tinea faciei": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm of the face" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "fungal infection of the face" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "face ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal infections of the face" ] ], "tinea": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm/jock itch" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "type of fungal infection" ] ], "microscopy-confirmed": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "confirmed by lab test" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "intention-to-treat analysis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "everyone that started the trial, even if they later dropped out." ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "we included everyone that started the trial, even if they later dropped out" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "as if all patients completed their treatment" ] ], "morphology": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "what they look like" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "form and structure" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "course": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how they progress" ] ], "treatment responsiveness": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment effectiveness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how they respond to treatment" ] ], "altered dermatophytosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "emerging fungal skin infections" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changing dermatophytosis" ] ], "epidemic": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time" ] ], "tinea corporis/tinea cruris": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "faciei": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm of the face" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "fungal infection of the face" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "face ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal infections of the face" ] ], "face ringworm": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "ringworm of the face" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "fungal infection of the face" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "face ringworm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal infections of the face" ] ], "intention-to-treat analyses": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "everyone that started the trial, even if they later dropped out." ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "we included everyone that started the trial, even if they later dropped out" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "as if all patients completed their treatment" ] ], "cruris": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ] ], "jock itch": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "jock itch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "jock itch" ] ], "long-lasting": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long-term" ] ], "Dermatophytic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fungal skin" ] ], "unprecedented": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ways never seen before" ] ], "fluconazole": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Diflucan" ] ], "griseofulvin": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Fulvicin" ] ], "itraconazole": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Sporanox" ] ], "terbinafine": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Lamisil" ] ], "chronic relapsing": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "recurring" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person's symptoms worsen after a period of getting better with the same infection" ] ], "pragmatic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "real health care setting" ] ], "microscopy-confirmed tinea": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ringworm/jock itch" ] ], "concealed block randomization": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "divided the groups randomly without looking at the names" ] ], "cure rates": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "patient tested negative on a swab culture and no organisms were seen under a microscope" ] ], "Relapse": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "infections came back" ] ], "altered": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "emerging" ] ], "Lamisil": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Lamisil" ] ], "Oral terbinafine": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Lamisil" ] ], "Diflucan": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Diflucan" ] ], "Fulvicin": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Fulvicin" ] ], "Sporanox": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Sporanox" ] ], "Itraconazole": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Sporanox" ] ] }, "Q15_A10": { "ketone": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "energy molecule" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "chemicals" ] ], "diabetic ketoacidosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a complication of diabetes in which the body produces too many ketones" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when the body breaks down fat too quickly" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "a disease" ] ], "suboptimal glycemic control": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "poor blood glucose control" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "poor sugar control" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "suboptimal blood sugar control" ] ], "capillary": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "finger-stick \u03b2-OHB": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone test" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Measuring ketones in blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "finger-stick blood test" ] ], "hyperglycemic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood sugar" ] ], "Finger-stick \u03b2-OHB": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Finger-stick blood ketone test" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone tests" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Tests for ketone in blood" ] ], "suboptimal glycemic contro": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "poor blood glucose control" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "poor sugar control" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "suboptimal blood sugar control" ] ], "\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (\u03b2-OHB)": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone" ] ], "blood \u03b2-OHB levels": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Blood ketone levels" ] ], "positive": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "detected" ] ] }, "Q15_A8": { "Diabetic ketoacidosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a common sign of starting and existing diabetes" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a condition due to buildup of acids in the blood called ketones" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "A disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "condition due to buildup of acids in the blood called ketones" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "common sign of starting and existing diabetes" ] ], "bicarbonate": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "\u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Blood ketone test" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Blood ketone" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Blood ketone levels" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a chemical measured in blood" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "A ketone" ] ], "pathophysiologic derangement": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "severity" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "blood pH": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood acidity" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "acidity of the blood" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "pediatric": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "child" ] ], "plasma": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone levels" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "biochemical marker": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "predictor" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "indicator" ] ], "plasma BOHB": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone levels" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "BOHB": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Blood ketone test" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Blood ketone" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Blood ketone levels" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a chemical measured in blood" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "A ketone" ] ], "DKA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a common sign of starting and existing diabetes" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a condition due to buildup of acids in the blood called ketones" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "A disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "condition due to buildup of acids in the blood called ketones" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "common sign of starting and existing diabetes" ] ], "diabetes mellitus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diabetes" ] ], "established": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long-time" ] ], "blood pH and bicarbonate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood acidity" ] ], "urban pediatric": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "pH": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood acidity" ] ], "logistic regression": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "statistical analysis" ] ], "characterize": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "describe" ] ], "Diagnostic test": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Test traits" ] ], "investigate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "to study" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "to look" ] ], "DM": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diabetes" ] ], "status": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "information" ] ], "strong discrimination": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "strongly linked" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effective at predicting" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "strong predictor" ] ], "optimal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "best" ] ], "adolescents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "teenagers" ] ], "targets": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "decisions": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "diabetes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diabetes" ] ] }, "Q15_A9": { "Ketone": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of energy molecule" ] ], "endocrinology": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the study of hormone-secreting glands in the human body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "study of hormones, chemicals that control the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "study of hormones" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "demographics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Population groups" ] ], "epidemiology": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "distribution" ] ], "diabetic ketoacidosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a condition caused by harmful levels of ketones in the body" ] ], "hyperketonemia": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "having high levels of ketones in the blood" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "too much ketones in the blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "too much ketones in the blood" ] ], "ketonemia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketones in blood" ] ], "nitroprusside": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "a chemical" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "acetoacetate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "one chemical" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "one ketone" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "ketone" ] ], "Urinary hydroxybutyrate assays": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Urinary tests" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Urine ketone tests" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Urine ketone tests" ] ], "ketosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "high ketone levels" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate from capillary sampling": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Blood tests" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Blood ketone tests" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketones from blood" ] ], "hyperglycemia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood pressure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood sugar" ] ], "ketoacidosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "when the body breaks down fat too quickly" ] ], "\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketone" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "acetone": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a chemical produced by the ketone found in urine" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "a different chemical" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chemical produced by the ketone found in urine" ] ], "DKA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a condition caused by harmful levels of ketones in the body" ] ], "freestanding": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "independent" ] ], "physiology of ketone production": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "How the body produces ketones" ] ], "demographics and epidemiology": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Population groups and distribution" ] ], "atypical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Unusual" ] ], "unanimously": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "all of them voted" ] ], "adopt": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "agree" ] ], "inexpensive": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cheap" ] ], "qualitative results": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "do not measure the exact amount" ] ], "medication interferences": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "patient takes drugs" ] ], "onset": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "start" ] ], "resolution": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "end" ] ], "associated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "linked" ] ], "prevent": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stop" ] ], "progression": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "development" ] ], "discrimination": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "differentiation" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "identification" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "distinguish" ] ], "not subject": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "don't rely" ] ], "concentration": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "amount" ] ] }, "Q15_A4": { "Diabetic ketoacidosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a life-threatening problem caused by Type 1 diabetes" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a life-threatening complication of Type 1 Diabetes" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "dangerous amounts of ketone in the body" ] ], "Blood \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of ketone, or enery molecule" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of ketone" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketones in blood" ] ], "ketosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "when there are too many ketones in the blood or urine" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketoacidosis" ] ], "urine acetoacetate testing": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urine ketone testing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tests for ketones in urine" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urine testing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urine ketone tests" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urine ketone" ] ], "capillary or serum \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketones in blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood testing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketones" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of ketone, or enery molecule" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of ketone" ] ], "blood \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketones in blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood testing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketones" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of ketone, or enery molecule" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of ketone" ] ], "urine acetoacetate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urine ketone" ] ], "heterogeneity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "too different from one another" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "all very different" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the studies we looked at were too different from one another" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the study settings and the data were all different" ] ], "Meta-analysis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "(further analysis performed on data taken from multiple studies" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "further analysis performed on data taken from multiple studies" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "An analysis" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "analyses" ] ], "MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, The Cochrane Library and CINAHL": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "literature" ] ], "time to recovery": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "recovery time" ] ], "reference lists": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "studies' sources" ] ], "eligibility criteria": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eligible for our study" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "suitable for our uses" ] ], "bias": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "data being over-influenced by individual factors" ] ], "acetoacetate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketone" ] ] }, "Q15_A5": { "Ketone": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of energy molecule" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "chemicals" ] ], "ketoacidosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "when the body starts breaking down fat too quickly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a complication of diabetes that develops when the body uses fats as fuel, which causes a buildup of chemicals called ketones" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "a condition" ] ], "clinical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "medical" ] ], "\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketones" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone" ] ], "variability": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "many different" ] ], "utility": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "usefulness" ] ], "thresholds": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "levels" ] ], "internationally": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "around the world" ] ], "guidance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "advice" ] ], "management": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ] ], "spectrum of applications": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "availability" ] ], "point-of-care": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Easy-to-use" ] ], "routine clinical practice": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "regularly in clinical practice" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "routine use" ] ], "imprecision": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high variation" ] ], "diagnostic accuracy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how well blood ketone tests help prevention" ] ], "resolution": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treating" ] ] }, "Q15_A7": { "Diabetic ketoacidosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a severe complication of diabetes that can lead to death" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a severe and potentially deadly complication of diabetes mellitus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a severe result of diabetes with deadly consequences" ] ], "hyperglycemia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high levels of sugar" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood sugar" ] ], "metabolic acidosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood acidity" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood acidity" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "acids in the blood" ] ], "ketone bodies": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "energy molecule" ] ], "glucose": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sugar" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood sugar" ] ], "in vivo": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "microneedle platform": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "device" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "monitor" ] ], "\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone levels" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "blood ketone levels" ] ], "biomarker": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "markers" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "marker" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "multiple indicators" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "indicator" ] ], "\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD) enzymatic reaction": [ [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "chemical reactions" ] ], "stable confinement": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "enzyme/cofactor couple": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "stable and selective low-potential fouling-free anodic detection of NADH": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "microneedle": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "minimally invasive": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "only slightly breaking the skin" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "only slightly breaking the skin" ] ], "lactate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a molecule produced when the body doesn't have enough oxygen" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "a chemical" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "acids" ] ], "biomarkers": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "markers" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "marker" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "multiple indicators" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "indicator" ] ], "glucose levels": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sugar" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood sugar" ] ], "ketones": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "energy molecule" ] ], "DKA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a severe complication of diabetes that can lead to death" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a severe and potentially deadly complication of diabetes mellitus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a severe result of diabetes with deadly consequences" ] ], "HB": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone levels" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "blood ketone levels" ] ], "complication": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "result" ] ], "characterized": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "described" ] ], "accumulation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "buildup" ] ], "continuous glucose monitoring": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "constant blood sugar monitoring" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "capable of providing real-time monitoring directly in the body" ] ], "continuous monitoring": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "constant monitoring" ] ], "dominant": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "main" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "primary" ] ], "high sensitivity (with low detection limit, 50 \u03bcM), high selectivity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "accurate" ] ], "prolonged": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long time" ] ], "attractive": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "good" ] ], "potential applicability": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "may be useful for" ] ], "phantom gel skin-mimicking model": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "model that mimicked skin" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "experiments" ] ], "glycemic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood sugar" ] ], "simultaneous microneedle-based": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "CGM": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "constant blood sugar monitoring" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "capable of providing real-time monitoring directly in the body" ] ] }, "Q15_A6": { "diabetic ketoacidosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "when the body produces too many ketones too fast" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which develops when the body produces too many ketones too fast" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "A complication of diabetes" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a problem caused by diabetes that, if left untreated, can become life threatening" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a problem caused by diabetes" ] ], "ketone": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "energy molecule" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "compounds" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "energy molecule" ] ], "nitroprusside urine acetoacetate testing": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tested in urine" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tested for in urine" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urine tests" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "urine tests" ] ], "capillary \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate (\u03b2-OHB) testing": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood testing" ] ], "DKA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "when the body produces too many ketones too fast" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which develops when the body produces too many ketones too fast" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "A complication of diabetes" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a problem caused by diabetes that, if left untreated, can become life threatening" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a problem caused by diabetes" ] ], "Prompt": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Early" ] ], "diagnosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "detection" ] ], "commencement of life saving": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "life-saving" ] ], "interventions": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ] ], "capillary \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood" ] ], "Inclusion criteria": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "were added" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "included" ] ], "prospective": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after they developed" ] ], "Capillary \u03b2-OHB": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Blood tests" ] ], "high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "highly accurate" ] ] }, "Q15_A2": { "acetoacetate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urine ketone" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "urine ketones" ] ], "ketones": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "energy molecules" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "chemicals that cause a dangerous complication of diabetes called diabetic ketoacidosis" ] ], "3-beta-hydroxybutyrate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "capillary blood ketones" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketones in blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "blood ketones" ] ], "glucose": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sugar" ] ], "ketoacidosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "when the body starts breaking down fat too quickly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "dangerous levels of ketones in the body" ] ], "hyperglycaemic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood sugar" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "high glucose levels" ] ], "glucose levels": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sugar" ] ], "correlation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "relationship" ] ], "capillary blood ketones": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketone in blood" ] ], "poor correlation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "weaker relationship" ] ] }, "Q15_A3": { "Diabetic ketoacidosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a life-threatening complication of diabetes due to increased amount of glucose and ketones in the blood" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when the body breaks down fat too quickly" ] ], "morbidity": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "suffering" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "suffering" ] ], "mortality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "ketone bodies": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "energy molecules that can be used to detect ketoacidosis" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "chemicals that are highly present in cases of DKA" ] ], "epidemiology": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "distribution" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "traits" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "study" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "control" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "study" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "distribution" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "traits" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "control" ] ], "clinical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "medical" ] ], "epidemiological figures": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "patterns" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "data" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "facts" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "patterns" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "data" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "facts" ] ], "blood glucose": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood sugar" ] ], "hyperglycemia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood sugar" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "periods of high blood sugar" ] ], "information on the metabolic state": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "information on the body" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "important information" ] ], "clinically": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "medically" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "hyperglycemic episodes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long periods of high blood sugar" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "periods of high blood sugar" ] ], "glucose levels": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood sugar levels" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood sugar" ] ], "mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "1-year mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "prolonged hyperglycemic episodes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long periods of high blood sugar" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "periods of high blood sugar" ] ], "glucose": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood sugar levels" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood sugar" ] ], "DKA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a life-threatening complication of diabetes due to increased amount of glucose and ketones in the blood" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when the body breaks down fat too quickly" ] ], "Self-monitoring": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "patients can look at their own levels" ] ], "MEDLINE and EMBASE": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "databases" ] ], "publications": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "articles" ] ], "management": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ] ], "synthesize": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "create" ] ], "considerable": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "significant" ] ], "sick day management": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "when sick" ] ], "subsequent": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "followed by" ] ], "monitoring": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "testing" ] ], "complementary": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "relevant" ] ], "complication": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "problem" ] ] }, "Q15_A1": { "ketone": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "chemicals" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of energy molecule" ] ], "ketoacidosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a complication that develops when the body uses fats as fuel, which causes a buildup of chemicals called ketones" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when the body breaks down fat too quickly" ] ], "hyperglycemia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood sugar levels" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood sugar" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "too much sugar in the blood" ] ], "sensitivity": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "how accurate positive tests were" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "accuracy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "accuracy detecting patients with ketoacidosis" ] ], "specificity": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "how accurate negative tests were" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "how accurate negative tests were)" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "statistical measures" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "accurate in detecting patients who did not have ketoacidosis" ] ], "hyperglycemic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood sugar levels" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood sugar" ] ], "ketonemia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketones" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketones in the blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketones in blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone" ] ], "ketonuria": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urine ketone" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urine ketones" ] ], "acetoacetate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urine ketone" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "3-beta-hydroxybutyrate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketones in blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketone in blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone" ] ], "bedside quantitative fingerprick measuremen": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone tests" ] ], "ketonuria and ketonemia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ketones in the blood and urine" ] ], "negative predictive value 100%": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "confirmed not to be diagnosed" ] ], "At two-cross cutoff points for ketonuria and at the 3 mmol/l cutoff point for ketonemia": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "statistical measures" ] ], "positive predictive value": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cutoff point" ] ], "negative likelihood ratio": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "specificity" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "ruling out ketoacidosis" ] ], "positive likelihood ratio": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sensitivity" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "better prediction of ketoacidosis" ] ], "3-beta-hydroxybutyrate in capillary blood": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood ketone test" ] ], "use of dipsticks in the urine": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urine ketone tests" ] ] }, "Q10_A1": { "rheumatic diseases": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "inflamed joints, tendons, ligaments, bones, and muscles" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "arthritis" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "diseases that affect the joints" ] ], "dextran edema, formol edema, kaolin edema, carrageenan edema, adjuvant arthritis": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "systemic hyperthermia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "overheating" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heating the whole body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body temperature greatly above normal" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "overheating" ] ], "whole-body hyperthermia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "overheating" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heating the whole body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body temperature greatly above normal" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "overheating" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "immuno-suppressive": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "suppress the immune system" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "suppress immune responses" ] ], "acute exsudative inflammations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Inflammation where substances are released into the blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Short-term inflammations" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Acute (new) oozing inflammations" ] ], "chronic torpid and proliferous inflammations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "inflammation that causes new tissue growth or makes body processes slow down" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long-term inflammations" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chronic (lasting for a while) slow and expanding inflammations" ] ], "Prostaglandin mediated inflammations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Inflammations caused by prostaglandins" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Inflammations that occur at sites of tissue damage" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Prostaglandin (a chemical the body produces in response to injury) causes inflammations" ] ], "aggravated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsened" ] ], "acute exsudative inflammatory": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Short-term inflammatory" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Acute oozing inflammations" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Short-term inflammatory processes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Inflammatory where substances are released into the blood" ] ], "prostaglandin": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "oily compounds that signal that part of the body is damaged" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a chemical the body produces in response to injury" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "oily compounds that signal that part of the body is damaged, leading it to become swollen, red, and tender" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a chemical the body produces in response to injury" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "compounds involved in injury/illness healing" ] ], "synthesis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "production" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "to be produced" ] ], "therapeutic agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "types of treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "therapies" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "both hot and cold therapies" ] ], "acute exsudative inflammatory processes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Short-term inflammatory" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Acute oozing inflammations" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Short-term inflammatory processes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Inflammatory where substances are released into the blood" ] ], "empirical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "based on experience" ] ], "hyperthermia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heating" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heating the whole body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "overheating" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body temperature greatly above normal" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "overheating" ] ], "proliferous inflammations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "expanding inflammations" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "inflammation that causes new tissue growth" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long-term inflammations" ] ], "chronic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "makes body processes slow down" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "lasting for a while" ] ], "torpid": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "slow" ] ] }, "Q10_A2": { "superficial heat": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "surface heat" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "heat" ] ], "Sprague-Dawley": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "hyperalgesia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sensitivity to pain" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sensitivity" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Sensitivity to pain" ] ], "Objective": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "The goal" ] ], "motivational-affective component": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how much it motivated the animals to respond to it" ] ], "induction": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "causing" ] ], "intra-articular": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "joint" ] ], "kaolin": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "clay" ] ], "carrageenan": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "seaweed extract" ] ], "Withdrawal latency": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how long it took for the rat to move it away" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pull back the paw to which heat was applied" ] ], "degree of weight bearing": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "putting weight on it" ] ], "guarding": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "protecting the joint" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when an animal will favor the uninjured limb over the injured limb" ] ], "secondary hyperalgesia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sensitivity of the surrounding area" ] ], "joint circumference": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how big around the joint was" ] ], "spontaneous pain behaviors": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pain reaction" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reaction to pain" ] ], "PWL": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "paw movement" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pull back the paw" ] ], "circumference": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "size" ] ] }, "Q10_A3": { "rheumatic diseases": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "affect your joints, tendons, ligaments, bones, and muscles" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "diseases that affect the joints" ] ], "Thermotherapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Heat therapy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Heat treatment" ] ], "perfusion": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "passage of blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood flow" ] ], "muscular tone": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle activity" ] ], "rheumatic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "arthritis-related" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "diseases that affect the joints" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "diseases affect your joints, tendons, ligaments, bones, and muscles" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "arthritis-related" ] ], "thermotherapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heat treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heat therapy" ] ], "endocrine": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "glands and hormones" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "system responsible for hormone release" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "system that regulated the body through chemicals" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "glands and hormones" ] ], "immune": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "system that protects the body against infections" ] ], "immune systems": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "system that protects the body against infections" ] ], "preferable": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "better" ] ], "advantageous": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "good" ] ], "management": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treating" ] ] }, "Q10_A7": { "rheumatoid arthritis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "your immune system attacks your own joints, causing painful swelling" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when your immune system attacks your own joints, causing painful swelling" ] ], "inflammatory immune activity": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "inflammation as body's reaction to harm" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "immune system activity" ] ], "methotrexate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a well-known drug treatment for RA" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a well-studied drug for RA" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a well-known drug treatment for RA" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a well known medicine for RA" ] ], "collagen-induced arthritis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "The type of arthritis we caused" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "arthritis" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "macrophage infiltration": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "white blood cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how many white blood cells entered the joints" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the presence of immune cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "immune cell reactions" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(immune system cells) infiltration" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "immune system cells" ] ], "TNF-\u03b1": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "body chemicals that may be harmful in large quantities" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "involved in cell health" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cytokines that increase inflammation" ] ], "IL-10": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "involved in immune response to harmful agents" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cytokines that reduce inflammation" ] ], "HSP70": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stress-related proteins" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chemicals that protect the cells from stress" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "protect the cells from stress" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "stress-related proteins" ] ], "NF-\u03baB and HIF-1\u03b1": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chemicals known to be involved in the RA inflammation" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "inflammatory factors" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "inflammatory factors in inflamed tissues" ] ], "macrophages": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "immune cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "white blood cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "immune sells" ] ], "in vitro": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "in a lab" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Laboratory experiments" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "cytokines": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "immune signals that promote inflammation" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "proteins" ] ], "macrophage": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "immune cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "white blood cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "immune sells" ] ], "in vitro studies": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "in a lab" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Laboratory experiments" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "RA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "your immune system attacks your own joints, causing painful swelling" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when your immune system attacks your own joints, causing painful swelling" ] ], "CIA": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "The type of arthritis we caused" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "arthritis" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "molecular": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "substances in the body" ] ], "immunological targets": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "immune system" ] ], "pharmacological approaches": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "recent drugs" ] ], "severity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "seriousness" ] ], "pro-inflammatory cytokines": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "immune signals that promote inflammation" ] ], "inhibition of NF-\u03baB and STAT activation": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "cytokines that lead to inflammation" ] ], "anti-inflammatory pathways": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "supports body processes that reduce inflammation" ] ], "HSF-1 and HSP70": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "pro-inflammatory proteins" ] ] }, "Q10_A6": { "Nonpharmacological treatment strategies": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "Some treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Besides medications" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Non-medicinal treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "do not involve drugs" ] ], "acute musculoskeletal injury": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "short-term musculoskeletal injury" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle and joint injuries" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "injuries to the musculoskeletal system" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "sprains and strains" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "strains, sprains" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "sprains or strains" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "arthritis" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "injury" ] ], "modalities": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "empirical experience": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "experience" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "personal experience" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "physiological effects": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effects on the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "their effects on the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effects within the body" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "effects" ] ], "metabolic demand": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "need for nutrients" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "energy use" ] ], "edema": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fluid buildup" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swelling" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "swelling" ] ], "physiological": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "delayed-onset muscle soreness": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "muscle soreness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "exercise-related muscle soreness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle soreness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle soreness from exercise" ] ], "physiological effects of heat therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Effects of heat therapy on the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effects of heat therapy within the body" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "metabolism": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "energy use" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "nutrition" ] ], "elasticity of connective tissues": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "elasticity of the tissues in the joint" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stretchiness of tendons" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "stretchiness of tendons" ] ], "topical heat": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "applying heat to the skin" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "heat" ] ], "acute": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "short-term" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sudden" ] ], "Nonpharmacological treatment": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "Some treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Besides medications" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Non-medicinal treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "do not involve drugs" ] ], "DOMS": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "muscle soreness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "exercise-related muscle soreness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle soreness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle soreness from exercise" ] ], "musculoskeletal injury": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle and joint injuries" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "sprains and strains" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "arthritis" ] ], "Heat and cold therapy": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "Temperature therapies" ] ], "mechanisms of action": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how these therapies work" ] ], "medical evidence to support their clinical use": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "medical evidence for using them" ] ], "topical": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "RCTs": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "trials" ] ], "prevalent": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "widespread" ] ], "modality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "type" ] ], "efficacy of specific modalities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "scientific data" ] ], "mechanisms": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how these therapies work" ] ], "randomized clinical trials": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "trials" ] ] }, "Q10_A4": { "Osteoarthritis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a disease in where your joints slowly degrade" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a degenerative (causing deterioration) joint disease that affects mostly the weight-bearing joints in the knees and hips" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a degenerative, or deteriorating, joint disease" ] ], "degenerative": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "causing deterioration" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "deteriorating" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "degrade" ] ], "degenerates": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "develops OA" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gets worse" ] ], "Inflammation": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the immune system is trying to help" ] ], "edema": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "swelling due to fluid build up" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "fluid to build up in joint" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fluid buildup" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swelling" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swelling of the joint" ] ], "thermotherapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "hot" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heat therapy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "hot and cold therapy" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "heat or cold therapy" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the use of heat" ] ], "flexion": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "range of motion" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "range of motion" ] ], "placebo": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "non-treatment that makes the results more convincing" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a non-treatment that makes the results more convincing" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "sugar pill" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "untreated patients" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "no treatment" ] ], "diathermy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heat treatment" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "new and innovative therapies" ] ], "cryotherapy or thermotherapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "different temperature treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cold or hot treatments" ] ], "quadriceps": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "front of the thigh muscle" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "leg" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "thigh" ] ], "restriction of movement": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "decreased ability to move" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "not be able to move the joint as much" ] ], "reduction of edema": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reduced swelling" ] ], "head to head therapies": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "two new and innovative therapie" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "different types of heat treatment" ] ], "clinical or radiographical confirmation": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "medically confirmed" ] ], "heat or cold": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "temperature" ] ], "weighted mean difference using a fixed effects model": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "statistical models" ] ], "Outcomes": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "improvement" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "pain" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "strength" ] ], "design": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatments and arrangements of people" ] ], "cryotherapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cold" ] ], "knee flexion ROM": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "knee function range of motion" ] ], "control": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "not treating" ] ], "statistically beneficial": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "measurably" ] ], "improvement of flexion": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "improved range of motion" ] ], "Graphical data": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "figures" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Data from graphs" ] ] }, "Q10_A5": { "osteoarthritis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the wearing down of cushioning in the joints" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a degenerative, or deteriorating, joint disease" ] ], "knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) questionnaire": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "survey" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "questionnaire" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "patients answered questions" ] ], "KOOS subscale": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "knee injury score" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "osteoarthritis outcome score": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the wearing down of cushioning in the joints" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a degenerative, or deteriorating, joint disease" ] ], "OA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the wearing down of cushioning in the joints" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a degenerative, or deteriorating, joint disease" ] ], "contrast therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "switching between hot and cold" ] ], "questionnaire": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "answered questions" ] ], "visual analog pain scale": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rated pain on a scale" ] ], "Treatment preferences": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "what treatment they preferred." ] ], "contrast": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "switching between hot and cold" ] ], "commercially available system": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "baseline": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "beginning of the study" ] ], "superficial": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "intervention": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ] ], "greatest relief": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "what helps them the most" ] ] }, "Q10_A8": { "osteoarthritis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the wearing down of cushioning in the joints" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a degenerative, or deteriorating, joint disease" ] ], "nonpharmacological method": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "without drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "non-medicinal method" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "alternative to medications" ] ], "Descriptive Information Form, a Pain Scale, the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index, the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and a Patient Satisfaction Evaluation Form": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "standard health and osteoarthritis forms, pain scales and patient satisfaction forms" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "various tests and questionnaires" ] ], "pre-application": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "study start" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "postapplication": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "after treatment" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "osteoarthritis outcome score": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the wearing down of cushioning in the joints" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a degenerative, or deteriorating, joint disease" ] ], "self-administered": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "self-apply" ] ], "functional status": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "function" ] ], "nonpharmacological": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "non-medicinal" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "without drugs" ] ], "the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index, the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP)": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "standard health and osteoarthritis forms" ] ], "application programme": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "applying the treatment" ] ], "primary": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "did not come from another issue" ] ], "application stage": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "beginning of the study" ] ], "intensity": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ] }, "Q10_A9": { "osteoarthritis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the wearing down of cushioning in the joints" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a degenerative, or deteriorating, joint disease" ] ], "cryotherapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Cold therapy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment with ice packs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cold therapy" ] ], "concealed allocation, blinded assessment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "didn\u2019t know which patients were getting which treatment." ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "we didn\u2019t know which patients were getting which treatment" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "sham": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "fake" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "false" ] ], "non-pharmacological treatment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "without drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "non-medicinal way" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "osteoarthritis outcome score": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the wearing down of cushioning in the joints" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a degenerative, or deteriorating, joint disease" ] ], "OA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the wearing down of cushioning in the joints" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a degenerative, or deteriorating, joint disease" ] ], "concealed allocation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "didn\u2019t know which patients were getting which treatment." ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "we didn\u2019t know which patients were getting which treatment" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "non-pharmacological": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "without drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "non-medicinal way" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "blinded assessment of some outcomes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outcomes based on the treatment that patients were originally assigned" ] ], "control group": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "comparison group" ] ], "consecutive": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "days in a row" ] ], "baseline": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "start" ] ], "visual analogue scale": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "place their amount of pain on a line from least pain to most pain" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "visual scale" ] ], "Timed Up and Go test;": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "tests of function" ] ], "30-Second Chair to Stand test.": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "measures evaluated arthritis and function of the knee" ] ], "nominated smallest worthwhile effect": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "change enough to be considered a worthwhile benefit" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "desired smallest worthwhile effect" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "was not significant" ] ], "Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "tests to determine disease extensiveness and ability to stand, move, and sit with ease" ] ] }, "Q10_A10": { "osteoarthritis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the wearing down of cushioning in the joints" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a degenerative, or deteriorating, joint disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "score of how the OA was progressing" ] ], "local heat therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heat compress" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "heat therapy" ] ], "interventions": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ] ], "osteoarthritis outcome score": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the wearing down of cushioning in the joints" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a degenerative, or deteriorating, joint disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "score of how the OA was progressing" ] ], "heat compress": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heat compress" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "heat therapy" ] ], "heat therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heat compress" ] ], "control group": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "no treatment" ] ], "QOL": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "quality of life" ] ], "ADL": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "activities of daily leaving" ] ] }, "Q17_A8": { "physiological changes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "internal body changes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes in how the body works" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes in the biology and function" ] ], "chronic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long-term" ] ], "gut microbiota": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "natural bacteria in the gut" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut microbiome" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria in the gut" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "small, helpful organisms that live within the body" ] ], "inflammation": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "inflammaging" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "body producing chemicals that defend against infection" ] ], "microbial balance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance of gut bacteria" ] ], "Prebiotics": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "special plant fibers that help healthy bacteria grow in the gut" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "plant and tiny organisms that improve health" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "food for gut bacteria" ] ], "probiotics": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "live bacteria and yeasts that are good for the gut" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "good bacteria to consume" ] ], "resistant starch and resistant proteins": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "starch and proteins that aren\u2019t digested" ] ], "pro-inflammatory markers": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "signals of inflammation" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "signs of inflammation" ] ], "butyrate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "helps cell function" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "good chemicals" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "good chemicals" ] ], "human gut microbiota": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "natural bacteria in the gut" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut microbiome" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria in the gut" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "small, helpful organisms that live within the body" ] ], "Aging": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Getting older" ] ], "physiological": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "function" ] ], "alter": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "change" ] ], "predominant": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "biggest" ] ], "low-grade": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "mild" ] ], "dysbiosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes in the natural bacteria in the gut" ] ], "inflammaging": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "body producing chemicals that defend against infection" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chronic low-grade inflammation" ] ], "microbiota": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "small, helpful organisms that live within the body" ] ], "anti-inflammatory response": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "keeping signals of inflammation low" ] ], "oral consumption": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eating" ] ], "gut microbiota composition": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "types of bacteria in the gut" ] ], "anti-inflammatory activity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reduces inflammation" ] ], "prebiotics": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "resistant starch and resistant protein" ] ] }, "Q17_A10": { "Resistant starches": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "starches that aren\u2019t digested by stomach juices" ] ], "digestive enzymes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stomach juices" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "digestive system" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "upper digestive tract": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "upper part of the gut" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stomach and small intestines" ] ], "colonic bacteria": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Bacteria that live in the colon" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut bacteria" ] ], "Resistant starch supplementation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Eating RS as a supplement" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Resistant starch use within diet" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Adding resistant starch to food" ] ], "microbiota": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "types of bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria in the gut" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "small organisms within the body" ] ], "uremic toxins": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney-related toxins" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "toxic chemicals that get into the blood because the kidneys cannot filter them out" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "kidney functions" ] ], "placebo": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sham treatment" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "sugar pill" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "sugar pill" ] ], "using any recognized diagnostic criteria": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diagnosed using any agreed on method" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diagnosed by any standard ways" ] ], "glomerular filtration rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how much the kidneys were filtering" ] ], "uremic toxin": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney-related toxins" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "kidney functions" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "toxic chemicals that get into the blood because the kidneys cannot filter them out" ] ], "dialysis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "which removes waste from the blood when kidneys do not work properly" ] ], "efficacy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "efficiency" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effects" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effective" ] ], "GFR": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how much the kidneys were filtering" ] ], "estimated glomerular filtration rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how much the kidneys were filtering" ] ], "human digestive enzymes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stomach juices" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "digestive system" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "colon bacteria": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Bacteria that live in the colon" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut bacteria" ] ], "gut microbiota": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "types of bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria in the gut" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "small organisms within the body" ] ], "human gut microbiota": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "types of bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria in the gut" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "small organisms within the body" ] ], "RSs": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "starches that aren\u2019t digested by stomach juices" ] ], "substrates": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "food" ] ], "altering": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changing" ] ], "chronic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long-term" ] ], "systematic review": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "thoroughly review" ] ], "reduces the progression": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "slows" ] ], "no limitation on publication date": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "could be published on any date" ] ], "manuscripts": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "papers" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reports" ] ], "diagnostic criteria": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diagnosed using any agreed on method" ] ], "uremic toxin concentrations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney-related toxins" ] ], "baseline": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "start" ] ], "inflammatory markers": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "signs of inflammation" ] ], "meta-analysis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pool the data and treat it like one study" ] ], "clinical heterogeneity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "patients and the measurements taken were so different" ] ] }, "Q17_A9": { "consolidated aggregates": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "compacted fragments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long chains" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "\u03b1-glucan polysaccharides amylose and amylopectin": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sugars" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "carbohydrates" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "salivary and pancreatic amylases": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chemicals in the saliva and gut" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "saliva or stomach juices" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "salivary and pancreatic enzymes" ] ], "gut microbiota": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria that live in the gut" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria that live in our gut" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "small, beneficial organisms that live in the gut" ] ], "keystone bacterium in the human gut microbiota": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "key bacteria in the human gut microbiota" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "major human gut bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut bacteria" ] ], "human gut microbiota": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria that live in the gut" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria that live in our gut" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "small, beneficial organisms that live in the gut" ] ], "\u03b1-glucan polysaccharides": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sugars" ] ], "salivary": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "saliva" ] ], "pancreatic amylases": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stomach juices" ] ], "fodder": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "food" ] ], "symbionts": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria living inside" ] ], "host": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "person" ] ], "keystone": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "major" ] ], "adheres": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sticks" ] ], "fermentation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "digest them" ] ], "amylose and amylopectin": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ] }, "Q17_A1": { "resistant starch": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "starch that gets fermented in the colon instead of being digested" ] ], "ulcerative colitis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "an inflammatory bowel disease" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a disease where the wall of the colon breaks down" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "inflammation and ulcers in the gut" ] ], "prebiotic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "feeding the right bacteria" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "plant fiber" ] ], "butyrate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fat produced by those bacteria" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "\"good\" bacteria" ] ], "Butyrate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a small fat particle" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a building block for chemicals that colon cells use for energy and chemicals that make them grow" ] ], "colonic mucosal growth": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "colon having mucus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the moist inner lining" ] ], "epithelial proliferation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cells lining the colon growing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "growth of the cells that cover the gut surface" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "promotion of organ lining health" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the cells that line the colon growing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cells that line the colon growing" ] ], "chronic mucosal atrophy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the gut surface lining shrinks" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long-term deterioration of the mucosal lining" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut surface lining shrinks" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "mucus-making glands die off" ] ], "colonocytes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "colon cell" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "colon cells" ] ], "Short-chain fatty acid": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "byproducts of fiber digestion" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "chemical that is produced by good gut bacteria" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "butyrate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "small fat particles" ] ], "enemas": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "injections up the rectum" ] ], "trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "chemicals" ] ], "ameliorate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "improve" ] ], "propionate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "small fat particle" ] ], "aerobic energy metabolism": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "oxygen used to make energy from sugars" ] ], "neoplastic colonic cells": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cancerous colon cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cancer cells in the gut" ] ], "crypt length": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "length of glands in the intestines" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut gland health" ] ], "crypt base": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "base of the intestinal gland" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bottom of the intestinal glands" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "proliferation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cell growth" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cell increase" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "more cells to grow" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cells to grow" ] ], "DNA synthesis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "DNA creation" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "DNA production" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "G1 phase of the cell cycle": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "between when they divide" ] ], "neoplastic cells": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cancerous cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cancer cells" ] ], "colonic epithelial cell": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cells lining the colon" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "colon surface cell" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "healthy cell" ] ], "apoptosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cell lifecycle" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cell death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "dying normally" ] ], "laminin": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "an important protein for the layer that supports and controls the cells lining the colon" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "The chemical that improves the barrier functions of the gut" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "A specific protein" ] ], "colonic epithelial cell proliferation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cells lining the colon growing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "growth of the cells that cover the gut surface" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "promotion of organ lining health" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the cells that line the colon growing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cells that line the colon growing" ] ], "TNBS": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "chemicals" ] ], "microbial fermentation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria digest" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "microbial breakdown" ] ], "colon": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut" ] ], "induces": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stimulates" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "causes" ] ], "mucosal generation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "mucus" ] ], "trophic factors": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "food" ] ], "Adverse": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Bad" ] ], "neoplastic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cancer" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cancerous" ] ], "crypt surface": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "intestinal gland surface" ] ], "inhibiting": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "preventing" ] ], "inhibits": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blocks" ] ], "synthesis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "production" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creation" ] ], "arrests": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stops" ] ], "G1 phase": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "in between when they divide" ] ], "coincided": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "seen at the same time" ] ], "noncollagenous basement membrane protein": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "intestinal short-chain fatty acid absorption": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "small fat particles were being absorbed by the intestine" ] ], "inhibited": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blocked" ] ], "enhanced": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "improved" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "increased" ] ], "intestinal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut" ] ] }, "Q17_A2": { "resistant starches": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "fermented in the colon instead of being digested" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "starches that enter the colon" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "gets fermented in the colon instead of being digested" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "starches that get to the gut in food" ] ], "ulcerative colitis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a breakdown of the colon wall" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "inflammatory bowel disease" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "inflammation and ulcers in the gut" ] ], "fecal bulk": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stool bulkiness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stools" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "defecation" ] ], "fecal bile acids": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stomach juices in stool" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "byproducts of fat digestion" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "chemicals that are produced by the body and may cause diarrhea" ] ], "butyrate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "chemical produced in the gut when the bacteria digest resistant starch" ] ], "fecal ammonia, phenols, and N-nitroso compounds": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "chemicals produced by harmful gut bacteria and cancer cells" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "other bad chemicals" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "certain fecal compounds" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chemicals produced by harmful gut bacteria and cancer cells" ] ], "low glycemic index": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "keep blood sugar low" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "slow-digesting foods keep blood sugar low" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "low affect on blood sugar" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "do not change the blood sugars much" ] ], "systemic physiologic effects": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "internal, body-wide effects" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes to how the body works" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "low glycemic index foods": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "foods that keep blood sugar low" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "foods that don\u2019t raise blood sugar much" ] ], "carbohydrate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "starchy food" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "starchy foods" ] ], "carbohydrates": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "starchy food" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "starchy foods" ] ], "fecal ammonia, phenols, and N-nitroso": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "chemicals produced by harmful gut bacteria and cancer cells" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "certain fecal compounds" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "other bad chemicals" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chemicals produced by harmful gut bacteria and cancer cells" ] ], "fecal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stool" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "defecation" ] ], "molar ratio of butyrate in relation to other short-chain fatty acids": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how much of certain types of small fat particles there are in the stool" ] ], "dilute": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "spread out" ] ], "At this point the picture from the standpoint": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "or lente": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "systemic physiologic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "internal, body-wide" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes to how the body works" ] ], "postprandial insulin levels": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "insulin after eating" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "post-meal insulin levels" ] ], "high-density lipoprotein cholesterol": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "good cholesterol" ] ], "protective": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "colonic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "colon" ] ] }, "Q17_A3": { "microbiology": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "biology" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "study of bacteria and viruses" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "agronomy": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "study of soil and produce production" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "farming" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "pathology": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "study of the causes and course of disease" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "novel": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "new" ] ], "gut microbiota": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut microbes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria in the gut" ] ], "human gut microbiota": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut microbes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria in the gut" ] ], "components": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "parts" ] ], "transdisciplinary": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "covering many areas of knowledge" ] ], "mammalian intestinal and gut bacterial metabolism": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how bacteria help break down food in the guts of mammals" ] ], "factors in plants": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "plant properties" ] ], "chronic human diseases": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "diabetes, colon cancer, and obesity" ] ] }, "Q17_A7": { "Resistant starch": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "starch that is not digested" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "starch that isn\u2019t digested in the small intestine" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "starch that avoids digestion in the small intestine" ] ], "physiological effects": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effects on the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how they affect the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effect on the body" ] ], "enhance glycemic control": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "improve how the body handles glucose" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "control blood sugar" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood sugar control" ] ], "short-chain fatty acids": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "small fat particles" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "byproducts of fiber digestion" ] ], "systemic health": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "whole body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "health across the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body-wide health" ] ], "microbiome": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria that live there" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "small organisms that live within the gut" ] ], "in situ": [ [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "locally" ] ], "RS": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "starch that is not digested" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "starch that isn\u2019t digested in the small intestine" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "starch that avoids digestion in the small intestine" ] ], "eludes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "avoids" ] ], "starch fraction": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "part of starch" ] ], "small intestine": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "first part of the gut" ] ], "derived": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "based" ] ], "structural characteristics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how they are built" ] ], "biochemistry": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chemicals related to life" ] ], "glycemic control": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body handles glucose" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "control blood sugar" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how they effect blood sugar control" ] ], "enhance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "help" ] ], "large bowel intestine": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "colon" ] ], "synthesis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "production" ] ], "systemic health effects": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body-wide health effects" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "health across the body" ] ], "pros": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "benefits" ] ], "advanced dietary strategies": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "smart diet advice" ] ], "non-communicable": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diseases not cause by infections" ] ] }, "Q17_A6": { "Inflammatory bowel disease": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a chronic disease that weakens patients and has limited treatments" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a debilitating long-term disease with few treatment options" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a crippling long-term disease with few treatments" ] ], "Resistant starches": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "fermented in the colon because they are not digested" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "get fermented in the colon because they are not digested" ] ], "efficacy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "efficiency" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effective" ] ], "clinical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "healthcare" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lab" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "in healthcare" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "preclinical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "healthcare" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lab" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "in the lab" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "in vivo": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "clinical remission": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "whether the symptoms went away" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the disease clearing up" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "symptoms went away" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "improved symptoms" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "improvements in the symptoms" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "bowel mucosal damage": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "moist organ lining, damage" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "damage to the mucus-making parts of the bowel" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "damage to the gut lining" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "moist organ lining, damage" ] ], "reduction in bowel mucosal damage": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "less damage to mucus-making parts of the bowel" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reduced the damage to the gut lining" ] ], "Preclinically": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "In the lab studies" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "In animal studies" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "In animals" ] ], "placebo": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fake treatment" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "sugar pill" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "precluded pooling": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "could not study all patients from all studies together" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "couldn\u2019t combine data from these studies" ] ], "methodological heterogeneity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "study diversity" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "differences in how they handled the disease and treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "differences in the study design" ] ], "histology damage": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tissue damage" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "less damage" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "damage to the animal gut lining" ] ], "IBD": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a chronic disease that weakens patients and has limited treatments" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a debilitating long-term disease with few treatment options" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a crippling long-term disease with few treatments" ] ], "debilitating": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chronic" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "crippling" ] ], "novel": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "new" ] ], "clinical effects": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "healthcare" ] ], "pooling": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "combine data from these studies" ] ], "clinical and methodological heterogeneity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "differences in how they handled the disease and treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "differences in the study design" ] ], "positive": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "good" ] ], "methodological": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "procedures" ] ], "histology": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "cell" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "tissue" ] ], "tempered": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "weakened" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "skewed" ] ], "new": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "new" ] ] }, "Q17_A4": { "resistant starch": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "starch that does not get digested" ] ], "low-glycemic index diets": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diets that keep blood sugar low" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "eating habits that affect blood sugar levels" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "diets that do not increase blood sugar too much" ] ], "metabolizable energy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how much energy our bodies can get" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how much energy the human body can get" ] ], "isocaloric": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "same amount of calories" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "where calorie counts are kept the same" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "keep total calorie counts the same" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "same calorie value" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Fermentation": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "was turned to alcohol by bacteria" ] ], "short-chain fatty acids": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "good fats" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a byproduct of fiber digestion" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "good fats" ] ], "microbiota": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "good bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut bacteria" ] ], "abdominal fat": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "belly fat" ] ], "improved insulin sensitivity": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "being further from diabetes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "better ability to handles blood glucose" ] ], "glucagon-like peptide 1": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a protein known to improve insulin sensitivity" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "GLP-1" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "balances glucose in the blood and helps feeling full after eating" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a molecule in the gut released after eating" ] ], "insulin sensitivity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how the body manages insulin" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "better ability to handles blood glucose" ] ], "intestinal gluconeogenesis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "glucose (a simple sugar) being made in the intestines" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "adiponectin": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a hormone made by fat cells that improves insulin sensitivity" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "fermentable": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "can be digested" ] ], "gut microbiota": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "good bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut bacteria" ] ], "human gut microbiota": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "good bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut bacteria" ] ], "isocaloric studies": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "same calorie value" ] ], "metabolizable": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "positive change in the microbiota": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "good bacteria" ] ], "apoptosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "proliferation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "division" ] ], "abdominal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "belly" ] ], "equivalent": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "equal" ] ], "GLP-1": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a protein known to improve insulin sensitivity" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a molecule in the gut released after eating" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "GLP-1" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "balances glucose in the blood and helps feeling full after eating" ] ] }, "Q17_A5": { "resistant starch": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "starch that is fermented in the colon instead of being digested in the intestine" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "starch that is fermented in the colon instead of being digested in the intestines" ] ], "gut microbiome dysbiosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bad balance of bacteria in the gut" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "imbalance in the gut microbiome" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsen the state of gut bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "imbalance of gut bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worse gut bacteria" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an imbalance in the gut microbiome" ] ], "gut colonocytes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cells that line the colon" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "gut health" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "cells within the colon" ] ], "microbiome dysbiosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bad balance of bacteria in the gut" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "imbalance in the gut microbiome" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsen the state of gut bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "imbalance of gut bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worse gut bacteria" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an imbalance in the gut microbiome" ] ], "gut microbiome": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gut bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria in the gut" ] ], "placebo": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "fake treatment" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "sugar pill" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "pretend pill" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "false pill" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fake treatment" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "short-chain fatty acids": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "produced by friendly bacteria in the gut" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which are produced by friendly bacteria in the gut" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "small fat particles made by gut bacteria" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "byproducts of fiber digestion" ] ], "Stool": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Feces" ] ], "Microbiome": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria were in the gut" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Gut bacteria" ] ], "gas chromatography": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Proteobacteria": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "Escherichia coli/Shigella" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "E. coli and Shigella" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bacteria that may cause diarrhea" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bad gut bacteria" ] ], "Bifidobacterium": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "good bacteria" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "\u201cgood\u201d bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "\u201cgood\u201d bacteria" ] ], "endogenous Bifidobacteria": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Bifidobacteria in the gut" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "good gut bacteria" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "internal Bifidobacteria" ] ], "dysbiosis of gut Proteobacteria": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "bad gut bacteria" ] ], "RS": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "starch that is fermented in the colon instead of being digested in the intestine" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "starch that is fermented in the colon instead of being digested in the intestines" ] ], "SCFA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "small fat particles made by gut bacteria" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "produced by friendly bacteria in the gut" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "byproducts of fiber digestion" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which are produced by friendly bacteria in the gut" ] ], "deterioration of gut colonocytes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsening gut health" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reduced gut colonocytes" ] ], "gut microbiome composition": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "types of bacteria in the gut" ] ], "ELD": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "elderly" ] ], "MID": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "middle-aged" ] ], "double-blinded": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the doctors and the patients did not know what treatment they are getting" ] ], "Microbiome analysis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "DNA testing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Gut bacteria generic material" ] ], "enrollment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "start" ] ], "significant": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "measurable" ] ], "endogenous": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ] }, "Q18_A6": { "morbidity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "health issues" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "problems" ] ], "mortality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "vestibular function": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "function in the inner ear" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Balance" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "responsible for balance" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which is responsible for balance" ] ], "Polypharmacy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Using multiple medicines to treat one illness" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Taking multiple drugs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Being on several drugs for the same thing" ] ], "drive intervention": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "prevent worsening" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "suggest treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lead to helping them out" ] ], "nonotolaryngologists": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "doctors that are not ENTs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "not ear nose and throat specialists" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "not ENTs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "doctors who are not ear nose and throat specialists" ] ], "mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "1-year mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "Progressive loss": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Ongoing loss" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Gradual loss" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "slowly starts to go" ] ], "susceptible": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "easiest to be affected" ] ], "intervention": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatments" ] ] }, "Q18_A7": { "Impairments of balance and gait": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Problems with balance and gait" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Issues with balance and walking" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Problems with walking and balance" ] ], "neurologic conditions": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "brain diseases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "affect the brain and the nerves" ] ], "neurologic disorders": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "brain issues" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "affect the brain and the nerves" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "brain diseases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "neurologic conditions" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "neurologic disorders" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "brain problems" ] ], "physical and physiologic characteristics of the perturbations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how people were challenged" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "characteristics of the balance challenges" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "details of the balance-disrupting events" ] ], "the body's electrophysiologic, structural, kinetic, kinematic, and behavioral responses": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heart rhythms, chemical changes, body motions, and how patients react" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "the body's responses" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "the body's internal and external responses" ] ], "diagnostic and pathologic criteria": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ways to diagnose, underlying causes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how to recognize and treat them" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ways to diagnose, underlying causes, and treatment options have been identified" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how to diagnose these problems" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diagnose these problems and good ways to treat them" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how to recognize" ] ], "sensorimotor control": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sensory and motor nerves control" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "both senses and movement" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "neurologic pathologies": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "brain issues" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "brain diseases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "affect the brain and the nerves" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "neurologic conditions" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "neurologic disorders" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "brain problems" ] ], "physical and physiologic characteristics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how people were challenged" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "characteristics of the balance challenges" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "details of the balance-disrupting events" ] ], "diagnostic and pathologic criteria, and targets for clinical care": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ways to diagnose, underlying causes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how to recognize and treat them" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ways to diagnose, underlying causes, and treatment options have been identified" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how to diagnose these problems" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diagnose these problems and good ways to treat them" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how to recognize" ] ], "gait": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "walking" ] ], "neurologic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "brain" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "brain and the nerves" ] ], "mobility": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ability to move" ] ], "impairments": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "problems" ] ], "perturb standing balance during instructed voluntary tasks": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance during instructed voluntary tasks" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "challenging standing balance tasks" ] ], "to externally imposed challenges to stability": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "do another standing task and are pushed off balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "in reaction to challenges to stability" ] ], "documenting": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "recording" ] ], "behavioral": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how patients react" ] ], "electrophysiologic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heart rhythms" ] ], "kinematic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body motions" ] ], "structural": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chemical changes" ] ], "basic mechanisms": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how balance works and what causes problems" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how problems with balance occur" ] ], "continued gaps in understanding": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "shown us what we still don\u2019t know" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "areas where more research is needed" ] ], "perturbation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance-challenge" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance-disruption" ] ] }, "Q18_A5": { "Foot biomechanics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Foot structure and function" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "The workings of the foot" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Foot movement and structure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Foot structure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Foot movement, foot structure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "workings of the feet" ] ], "alterations in body composition": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes in body makeup" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes in body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes in the body" ] ], "body mass index": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "which is connected to the body weight" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "connected to the body weight" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "weight-to-height ratio" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "body weight" ] ], "foot posture index": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "foot posture" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "foot position" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which shows how the weight is distributed" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "shows how the weight is distributed" ] ], "the FPI": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a standard scale of foot position while standing" ] ], "plank test with a time-to-failure trial": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how long people could hold a plank" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "lying in board-like positon on elbows and toes" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "holding an elevated position for as long as possible" ] ], "foot posture alignment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "foot alignment" ] ], "lower extremity injuries": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lower body injuries" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "leg injuries" ] ], "foot posture": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "foot posture" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "foot position" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which shows how the weight is distributed" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "shows how the weight is distributed" ] ], "FPI": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "foot posture" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "foot position" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which shows how the weight is distributed" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "shows how the weight is distributed" ] ], "BMI": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "which is connected to the body weight" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "connected to the body weight" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "weight-to-height ratio" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "body weight" ] ], "biomechanics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "structure and function" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "workings of the foot" ] ], "Minor": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Small" ] ], "alterations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes" ] ], "composition": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "makeup" ] ], "base support": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "keep stable at your feet" ] ], "CS strategies": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "core stability" ] ], "BMI values between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "overweight" ] ], "plank test": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "lying in board-like positon on elbows and toes" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "holding an elevated position for as long as possible" ] ], "time-to-failure trial": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "until the person could no longer hold the pose" ] ], "Spearman correlation coefficient": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "significant correlation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "statistical link" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "connection" ] ], "rehabilitation management": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rehab" ] ] }, "Q18_A4": { "lower extremity neuromuscular function": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lower extremity nerve and muscle function" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "leg function" ] ], "Tetrax posturography": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a moving, pressure-sensing platform" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "moving, pressure-sensing platform" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "hypo-vitaminosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "low Vitamin D" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "low vitamin D" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lower vitamin D" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "posturography device": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "moving, pressure-sensing platform" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "special device" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "stability index": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "stability" ] ], "weight distribution index": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "weight distribution" ] ], "Short Physical Performance Battery": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "standard movement tests" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Clinical tests" ] ], "International Physical Activity Questionnaire": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "surveys" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "questionnaires" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surveys of how much they exercise" ] ], "serum": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "chair stand performance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standing up from a chair" ] ], "SI values": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stability" ] ], "hypovitaminosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "low Vitamin D" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "low vitamin D" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lower vitamin D" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "serum 25(OH)D levels": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "vitamin D levels" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Blood vitamin D level" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Levels of Vitamin D in the blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Vitamin D in the blood" ] ], "lower extremity function": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lower body function" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "leg use" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "leg function" ] ], "Tetrax(\u00ae) posturography": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a moving, pressure-sensing platform" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "moving, pressure-sensing platform" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "IPAQ": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "surveys" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "questionnaires" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "surveys of how much they exercise" ] ], "SPPB": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "standard movement tests" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Clinical tests" ] ], "WDI": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "weight distribution" ] ], "SI": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "stability" ] ], "lower extremity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "leg" ] ], "association": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "link" ] ], "neuromuscular": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "nerve and muscle" ] ], "hypo-vitaminosis group": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "low Vitamin D" ] ], "Sunlight Medical Ltd, Israel": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "SPPB scores": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "other physical activity scores" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "movement tests" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "total lower body function scores" ] ], "falling risk": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "risk of falling" ] ], "Tetrax-measured falling risk": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "risk of falling measured by the Tetrax platform" ] ], "SPPB total score": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lower body function" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "movement test scores" ] ], "serum 25(OH)D levels higher than 50.0 nmol/l": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "normal levels of Vitamin D in the blood" ] ] }, "Q18_A1": { "vertigo": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "head spinning" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a feeling of spinning" ] ], "vestibular end-organ": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "motion-sensing organs in the inner ear" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "responsible for balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "motion-sensing organs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "responsible for balance" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the organ of balance in the inner ear" ] ], "proprioception": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "awareness of the position of the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "issues with perception of your surroundings" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "motion-sensing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "perception of your surroundings" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sensory" ] ], "somato-sensory": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how the body signals feelings" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Problems with sensory (feeling) and motor nerves (which are responsible for the muscle function)" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Changes in being able to sense touch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sense touch" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which are responsible for the muscle function" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "feeling" ] ], "diabetes mellitus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "diabetes" ] ], "etiologies": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "causes" ] ], "hypertension": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood pressure" ] ], "Audiometric testing": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Hearing tests" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Tests" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "morphology of waveform": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "ear health and/or structure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "electrical signals" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "nerves responsible for hearing" ] ], "Doppler sonography": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "ultrasound" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "special ultrasound" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Test" ] ], "intra-cranial blood flow": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood flow in the brain" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood supply to the brain" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood flow within the brain" ] ], "Basilar arterial": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "main supplier of the back of the brain" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood vessels at the back of the brain" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Flow in the main supplier of the back of the brain" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Blood supply through other arteries" ] ], "Posturography": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "moving a platform and changing scenery" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Vertigo": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a spinning feeling" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "sensation of spinning" ] ], "intermittent": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "on and off" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "came and went" ] ], "vestibular end-organ type": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "motion-sensing organs in the inner ear" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "responsible for balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "motion-sensing organs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "responsible for balance" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the organ of balance in the inner ear" ] ], "general practice in medicine": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "family doctors" ] ], "disorders": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "problems" ] ], "central nervous system": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body\u2019s control system" ] ], "Audiometric": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Hearing" ] ], "high frequencies": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high pitched sounds" ] ], "middle ear": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "which provides sound to inner ear and helps with air pressure" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "where bones transfer sound to where it is sensed" ] ], "Brainstem Electrical Response Audiometry": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "tested how well sounds created electrical signals in the brain" ] ], "Poor morphology of waveform": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "problems with nerves" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "electrical signals were not normal" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Poor ear health and/or structure" ] ], "ICA": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "internal carotid artery" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a major supplier of blood to the brain and eyes" ] ], "abnormal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "not normal" ] ], "CNS": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "nervous system" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "nerve" ] ], "perform": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "do" ] ], "beneficial": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "helpful" ] ], "BERA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "tested how well sounds created electrical signals in the brain" ] ] }, "Q18_A3": { "Foot biomechanics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "The workings of the feet" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Foot structure and movement" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Foot movement and structure" ] ], "biomechanical alterations in the foot": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes in how the foot works" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes in movement and structure of the foot" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes in the structure and function of the foot" ] ], "standing balance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance while standing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balanced while standing" ] ], "static and dynamic standing balance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standing and moving balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fixed and moving balance while standing" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "standing balance" ] ], "body mass index": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "weight-to-height ratio" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "weight" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "foot posture index": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "foot position" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "normal position of their feet" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which determines if the weight is on the inside or outside of the foot" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "determines if the weight is on the inside or outside of the foot" ] ], "computerized dynamic posturography": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "special tests" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "FPI": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "foot position" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "normal position of their feet" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which determines if the weight is on the inside or outside of the foot" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "determines if the weight is on the inside or outside of the foot" ] ], "standing dynamic balance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standing moving balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standing balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standing balance while moving" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "balance" ] ], "standing static balance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standing balance while still" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standing still balance" ] ], "rehabilitation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rehab" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "restoring health" ] ], "foot posture": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "foot position" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "normal position of their feet" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which determines if the weight is on the inside or outside of the foot" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "determines if the weight is on the inside or outside of the foot" ] ], "standing static balance component": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standing balance while still" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standing still balance" ] ], "BMI": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "weight-to-height ratio" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "weight" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "CDP": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "special tests" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "biomechanics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "structure and movement" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "workings of the feet" ] ], "significant": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "big" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "important" ] ], "minor": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "small" ] ], "biomechanical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "structure and function" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how the foot works" ] ], "alterations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes" ] ], "influence": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effect" ] ], "various degrees": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "static": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fixed" ] ], "dynamic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "moving" ] ], "convenience": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "we could get for the study easily" ] ], "FPI range of 6-11": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "feet were more turned in" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "weight on the inside" ] ], "FPI range of 0-5": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "feet were more neutral" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "normal weight distribution" ] ], "Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB) and the limit of stability (LOS)": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Spearman's correlation coefficient": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "Analysis" ] ], "significant correlation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "statistical link" ] ], "higher degrees of FPI": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "more turned-in foot positions" ] ], "preventive aspects of rehabilitation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rehab to prevent injury" ] ] }, "Q18_A2": { "postural balance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance testing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "posture balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "postural balance" ] ], "postural control": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "posture control" ] ], "postural stability": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "posture" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "posture control" ] ], "postural tests": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "posture tests" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance tests" ] ], "Postural performance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Posture" ] ], "center of pressure": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how people\u2019s center of gravity changed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "center of gravity" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "where the total sum of pressure field acts on the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "where the foot meets the pressure from the ground" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which measures where the foot meets the pressure from the ground" ] ], "postural impairment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsens posture" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worse balance" ] ], "static postural control": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standing posture control" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "posture control when a pose is maintained" ] ], "COP": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how people\u2019s center of gravity changed" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "center of gravity" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "where the total sum of pressure field acts on the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "where the foot meets the pressure from the ground" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which measures where the foot meets the pressure from the ground" ] ], "confounding variables": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "could throw off" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "variables that may influence" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "influential" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "could be affect the results" ] ], "induced-experimental activity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "exercises" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Physical activity" ] ], "static postural": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stand-still posture" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "still posture" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standing balance" ] ], "well-documented": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "well known" ] ], "hypothesized": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "expected" ] ], "exhaustive": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "strenuous" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tiring" ] ], "attention-demanding task": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "task that needs a lot of attention" ] ], "alterations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "change" ] ], "cognitive": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "mental" ] ], "physical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body" ] ], "assessment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "evaluation" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "test" ] ], "quiet stance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standing quietly" ] ], "postural": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "posture" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance" ] ], "impairment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worse" ] ], "in the most difficult conditions": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "hardest test" ] ], "psychomotor vigilance test": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reaction time test" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "mental activity" ] ], "confounding variable": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "could throw off" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "variables that may influence" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "influential" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "could be affect the results" ] ] }, "Q18_A9": { "control of upright stance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "control of standing upright" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standing upright" ] ], "placebo": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pretend caffeine" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "sugar pill" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "the QualSyst tool": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "a standard measure" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "standard measure" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "sensory conditions": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sense-related diseases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sensation conditions" ] ], "standing balance": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "balance" ] ], "QualSyst tool": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "a standard measure" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "standard measure" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "influence": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "affect" ] ], "via numerous mechanisms": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "in a variety of ways" ] ], "(PROSPERO registration CRD42021226939).": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "systematic review": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "literature review" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rigorously summarizing the research" ] ], "consensus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "agreement" ] ], "Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "placebo-controlled trials": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "studies" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "control group that got pretend caffeine" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "sugar pill" ] ], "caffeine-induced changes in human standing balance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes in standing balance cause by caffeine" ] ], "Reference lists": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "studies that the ones we found cited" ] ], "stances": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "poses" ] ], "balance impairment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance was worse" ] ], "warranted": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "needed" ] ], "implication": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "takeaway" ] ], "increase fall risk": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "raise the risk of falling" ] ], "findings": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "results" ] ], "should be considered as a potential confounding factor": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "should be taken into account" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "should be considered" ] ] }, "Q18_A8": { "plantar sensation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "feeling in the soles of the feet" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "feeling in the feet" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "feeling in the sole of the foot" ] ], "static balance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance at rest" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "standing balance" ] ], "maintained a quiet standing": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stood still" ] ], "CoP velocity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "movement of pressure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swaying severity" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "anteroposterior": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "front-to-back" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "movement front-to-back" ] ], "mediolateral": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side-to-side" ] ], "sway velocity of the CoP": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "sway" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swaying severity were taken" ] ], "The center of pressure displacement": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "amount and movement of pressure on the platform" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the center of pressure placement" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pressure placement on the body" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "postural parameters": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "measurements" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "posture measures" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "posture measurements" ] ], "CoPDISP": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "amount and movement of pressure on the platform" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the center of pressure placement" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pressure placement on the body" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "CoPVEL": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "movement of pressure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swaying severity" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "proprioceptive sensory system": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "position sensing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sensors in the muscles and skin" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "senses connected to position and body movement" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body\u2019s position sensing" ] ], "physiological-related decline of afferent information with age": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "age-related decline of the senses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "age-related decline" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsening of body signals to the brain as you age" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the functional decline in senses linked with age" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "functional decline in senses linked with age" ] ], "center of pressure displacement": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "amount and movement of pressure on the platform" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the center of pressure placement" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pressure placement on the body" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "the proprioceptive sensory system": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "position sensing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body\u2019s position sensing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "senses connected to position and body movement" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sensors in the muscles and skin" ] ], "AP": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "front-to-back" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "movement front-to-back" ] ], "ML": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "side-to-side" ] ], "sensation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "feeling" ] ], "plantar": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "feet" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "soles of the feet" ] ], "quiet standing": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "study stood still" ] ], "postural sway measures": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "movement" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swaying of the lower body" ] ], "Separate four-way ANOVAs": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "Statistical tests" ] ], "main effect": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "by itself" ] ], "interaction with other experimental factors": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other differences" ] ], "vision": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "seeing" ] ], "good stimulation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "sense of feel" ] ] }, "Q18_A10": { "postural control": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "posture" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "posture control" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance control" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "balance" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "maintaining posture during any pose/activity" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "maintaining posture during any pose/activity, was measured" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "balance" ] ], "Y balance test": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "test where you move along a large \u201cY\u201d shape on the floor" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "move along a large \u201cY\u201d shape on the floor" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "\u201cY\u201d balance test" ] ], "BMI": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "weight" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "weight-to-height ratio" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "weight" ] ], "dynamic balance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance control" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "moving balance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "balance while moving" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "postural control" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "balance" ] ], "YBT": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "test where you move along a large \u201cY\u201d shape on the floor" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "move along a large \u201cY\u201d shape on the floor" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "\u201cY\u201d balance test" ] ], "deterioration": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "decline" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsening" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "breakdown" ] ], "different departments of Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "case-control": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "chi-square testing": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "statistical link" ] ], "dynamic balance scores": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "postural control scores" ] ], "associated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "linked" ] ] }, "Q16_A3": { "blood urea nitrogen": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "liver waste product" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "liver waste product" ] ], "creatinine": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "muscle break-down waste product" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a byproduct of creatine breakdown which supplies energy for muscle contraction" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "filtered from the blood by the kidneys and is often used to determine kidney function" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle break-down waste product" ] ], "chronic kidney disease": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "(long-lasting) kidney disease" ] ], "glomerular filtration rate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test to determine if kidneys are working properly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a test used to check how well the kidneys are working" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eGFR" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "glomerular filtration rate" ] ], "serum": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood" ] ], "Serum": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Blood" ] ], "eGFR": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test to determine if kidneys are working properly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a test used to check how well the kidneys are working" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eGFR" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "glomerular filtration rate" ] ], "estimated glomerular filtration rate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test to determine if kidneys are working properly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a test used to check how well the kidneys are working" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eGFR" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "glomerular filtration rate" ] ], "BUN": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "liver waste product" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "liver waste product" ] ], "CKD": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "(long-lasting) kidney disease" ] ], "single-blind crossover": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Free living": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "allowed to continue living as normal" ] ], "partial dietary intervention": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "some changes in their diet" ] ], "Modification of Diet in Renal Disease": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "change in their diet, kidney disease" ] ], "control": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "normal" ] ], "usual": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "normal" ] ], "outcome": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "result" ] ], "serum creatinine": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood creatinine" ] ], "Consuming": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Eating" ] ], "216 \u00b1 26 to 201 \u00b1 23 mmol/L (2.44 \u00b1 0.30 to 2.27 \u00b1 0.26 mg/dL; P < .05)": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "195 \u00b1 23 mmol/L (2.21 \u00b1 0.26 mg/dL)": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "29.6 \u00b1 3.5 to 31.4 \u00b1 3.8 mL/minute/1.73 m(2)": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "32.5 \u00b1 3.6 mL/minute/1.73 m(2)": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "warranted": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "needed" ] ] }, "Q16_A2": { "creatinine clearance": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "filtered from the blood solely through the kidneys" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a urine test that measures how well the kidneys are working" ] ], "glomerular filtration rate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test often done to determine if the kidneys are working properly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "shows how well the kidneys are working" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney filtration rate" ] ], "antihypertensive therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood pressure therapy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood pressure treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood pressure treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatments for high blood pressure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment of high blood pressure" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "done to reduce blood pressure" ] ], "antihypertensive agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood pressure therapy" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood pressure treatment" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood pressure treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatments for high blood pressure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment of high blood pressure" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "done to reduce blood pressure" ] ], "CTScr": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a creatinine in blood filtration test" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine filtration" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine clearance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine filtration/elimination rates" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Creatinine clearance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine in blood" ] ], "UcrV": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "removal of creatinine from the entire body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "urine creatinine levels" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine in urine" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urine creatinine levels" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine measures" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine in the urine" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "elimination rates" ] ], "glomerular": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "damage to kidney filtration" ] ], "tubulointerstitial": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney structure" ] ], "agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "medicine" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drugs" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "diuretics": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "medicine to reduce body salt and water" ] ], "excretion": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "total removal from the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "clearance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "elimination" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "removal" ] ], "creatinine secretion": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine production" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine processing" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine filtration" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "filtration of creatinine" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney filtration" ] ], "Creatinine secretion": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Creatinine production" ] ], "renal diagnosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney health" ] ], "renal disease": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney disease" ] ], "serum creatinine concentration": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine in the blood" ] ], "GFR": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test often done to determine if the kidneys are working properly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "shows how well the kidneys are working" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney filtration rate" ] ], "estimated glomerular filtration rate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test often done to determine if the kidneys are working properly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "shows how well the kidneys are working" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney filtration rate" ] ], "Ccr": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "filtered from the blood solely through the kidneys" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a urine test that measures how well the kidneys are working" ] ], "Pcr": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine in the blood" ] ], "creatinine clearance from tubular secretion": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a creatinine in blood filtration test" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine filtration" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine filtration/elimination rates" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Creatinine clearance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine clearance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine in blood" ] ], "antihypertensive": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood pressure" ] ], "class of antihypertensive agents": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "type of high blood pressure treatment" ] ], "renal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney" ] ], "did not differ significantly": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "unchanged" ] ], "paralleled": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "similar" ] ], "1/Pcr": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood creatinine" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "creatinine clearance divided by serum creatinine concentration" ] ], "protein intake": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "protein in the food" ] ], "calcium channel blockers": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "medicine to lower blood pressure" ] ], "interventions": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatments" ] ] }, "Q16_A1": { "creatinine": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "muscle break-down waste product" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a byproduct of creatine breakdown which supplies energy for muscle contraction" ] ], "clearance": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "how well the kidneys filter creatinine out of the blood" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "removal" ] ], "urea": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "liver waste product" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the main product when protein is broken down in the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(a waste chemical made when the body breaks down protein" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a waste chemical made when the body breaks down protein" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is the main product when protein is broken down in the body" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "liver waste product" ] ], "renal disease": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney disease" ] ], "urea nitrogen excretion": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urea levels" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urea excretion" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urea in urine" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urea removal" ] ], "urea nitrogen excretion and creatinine clearance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "urea and creatinine removal" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "getting urea out of the body and creatinine clearance" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "urea levels" ] ], "oral protein loading": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swallowed proteins" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "protein consumption" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "protein was consumed" ] ], "protein intake": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Protein in the food" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "eating protein" ] ], "creatinine clearance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "creatinine removal" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which measures how well the kidneys filter creatinine out of the blood" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "filtered from the blood by the kidneys and is often used to determine kidney function" ] ], "GFR": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a test that checks how the kidneys are working" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a test that is done to determine if the kidneys are working properly" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "Glomerular filtration rate, a test that checks how the kidneys are working" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Glomerular filtration rate" ] ], "renal function": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney function" ] ], "renal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney" ] ], "Correlations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Connections" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "relationship" ] ], "urea nitrogen": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "urea" ] ], "significant": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "strong" ] ], "ingesting": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "swallowing" ] ], "Mean": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Average" ] ], "significant correlation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "strong relationship" ] ], "quantitative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "measurable" ] ], "categorical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "certain" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "gold standard" ] ], "adjusted": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "that takes into account" ] ] }, "Q16_A5": { "epidemiologically": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Hyperuricemia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "High uric acid in the blood" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "too much uric acid in the blood" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the increase in uric acid in the blood" ] ], "comorbidities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other illnesses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other illnesses that often occur with hyperuricemia" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "problems" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "coexsiting disease" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "renal failure": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney failure" ] ], "cardiovascular disease": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "heart disease" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(heart and artery) disease" ] ], "metabolic syndrome": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "abnormal cholesterol levels" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "high blood sugar" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "excess body fat around the waist" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "high blood pressure" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a cluster of conditions that occur together and increase risk of heart disease" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is a cluster of conditions that occur together and increase risk of heart disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "metabolic conditions" ] ], "allopurinol": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the drug that stops production of the uric acid in the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a medicine to treat gout and kidney stones" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which usually lowers uric acid levels" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "lowers uric acid levels" ] ], "nephrotoxic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "toxic effect on the kidneys" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "toxic to the kidneys" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "damaging to the kidneys" ] ], "renal function": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "kidney function" ] ], "co-morbidities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other illnesses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other illnesses that often occur with hyperuricemia" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "problems" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "coexsiting disease" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "multiple comorbidities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "many coexsiting disease" ] ], "to address": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "distinguish" ] ], "associated": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "occur" ] ], "impediment": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "hinderance" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "barrier" ] ], "serial uric acid measurements": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "uric acid measurements taken one after another" ] ], "serial": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "multiple" ] ], "to allow for treatment": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "less than or equal to 6.0 mg/dL": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "threshold" ] ], "repeated measure model": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "mathematical model" ] ], "least square means": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "between-group difference": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "difference in creatinine between the two groups" ] ], "short-term between-group progression": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "study on the progression" ] ], "between group difference of sUa": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "difference of sUa between the groups" ] ] }, "Q16_A4": { "Glomerular filtration rate": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "rate that the kidney filters the blood" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a test to determine if a kidney is removing waste from your blood" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the rate that the kidney filters the blood" ] ], "exogenous": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "filtration marker": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "insulin" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "inulin" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "substance to the patient that we could measure levels of in their urine" ] ], "endogenous": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "nucleated cells": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "all cells except for blood cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cells that have a nucleus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cells with nucleus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "all cells with nucleus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "all cells except for blood cells" ] ], "creatinine": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a waste product of muscle metabolism" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a waste product of our muscle cells" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a waste product of muscles" ] ], "muscle mass/body habitus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle mass/body build" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle mass/body health" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle composition" ] ], "kinetic GFR": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "GFR" ] ], "GFR": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "rate that the kidney filters the blood" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a test to determine if a kidney is removing waste from your blood" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the rate that the kidney filters the blood" ] ], "approximately 120 mL/min/1.73 m2": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "exogenous ideal filtration marker": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "filtration markers" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "substance" ] ], "serum": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood" ] ], "endogenous biomarker": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "measurable biological signs of health status" ] ], "steady state": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "stable and functioning normally" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "healthy" ] ], "non-linear": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "significant": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "large" ] ], "muscle metabolism": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle cells" ] ], "habitus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "health" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "build" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "composition" ] ], "albuminuria": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "protein in urine" ] ], "acute kidney injury": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a condition where the kidneys suddenly stop filtering your blood" ] ], "such as inulin": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "such as creatinine or cystatin C": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ] }, "Q16_A6": { "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a group of lung diseases that block airflow and make breathing hard" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "group of lung diseases that block airflow and make breathing hard" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a lung disease that blocks airflow to the lungs" ] ], "mortality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "nucleated body cells": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "all cells that have a nucleus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "all body cells except blood cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "body cells that have DNA material" ] ], "COPD exacerbations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COPD-related worsening of symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COPD severity" ] ], "outpatients": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "patients" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "patients" ] ], "dyspnea score": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "indicating difficulty breathing" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "exacerbation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "having worsening symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "severity" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "sudden worsening of the symptoms" ] ], "FEV1": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "volume of air breathed out" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Fat-Free Mass Index": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "similar to BMI" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "other tests" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "BMI" ] ], "mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "1-year mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "exacerbations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "having worsening symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "severity" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "sudden worsening of the symptoms" ] ], "COPD": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a group of lung diseases that block airflow and make breathing hard" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "group of lung diseases that block airflow and make breathing hard" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a lung disease that blocks airflow to the lungs" ] ], "serum creatinine": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "only produced by the muscle" ] ], "cystatin C": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "produced by all body cells except blood cells" ] ], "dyspnea": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "indicating difficulty breathing" ] ], "Univariate and multivariate": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "analysis" ] ], "ratio serum creatinine/serum cystatin C": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "SI ratio" ] ], "correlates": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "corresponds" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "linked" ] ] }, "Q16_A7": { "static": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "creatinine": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "byproduct of creatine breakdown which supplies energy for muscle contraction" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a byproduct of creatine breakdown which supplies energy for muscle contraction" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "filtered from the blood by the kidneys and is often used to determine kidney function" ] ], "biomarker": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "biological sign of irregular health" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "marker" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "markers" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "biomarkers": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "marker" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "markers" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "biological sign of irregular health" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "in a timely fashion": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "quickly" ] ], "functional biomarker": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "biological sign of irregular health" ] ], "substantial shortcomings": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drawbacks" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "caveats" ] ], "shortcomings": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "drawbacks" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "caveats" ] ], "concentrations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "levels" ] ], "generation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "produces" ] ], "metabolism": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "circulates" ] ], "value": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "pros" ] ], "pitfalls": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cons" ] ], "alternative": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other" ] ] }, "Q16_A10": { "hepatic steatosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "fatty liver disease" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "fatty liver" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "fatty liver disase" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fatty liver disase" ] ], "serum creatinine": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a byproduct of creatine breakdown which supplies energy for muscle contraction" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "filtered from the blood by the kidneys and is often used to determine kidney function" ] ], "noninvasive fibrosis scores": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "measured the amount of scarring of the liver" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "level of liver scarring" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "fibrosis": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "scarring" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "metabolic syndrome": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "metabolic diseases" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels" ] ], "Metabolism-related indicators": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "blood sugar, cholesterol, waist circumference, and blood pressure" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "markers of metabolic disease" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "markers" ] ], "liver enzymes": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "which measure damage to the liver" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "HS": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "fatty liver disease" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "fatty liver" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "fatty liver disase" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fatty liver disase" ] ], "SCr": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a byproduct of creatine breakdown which supplies energy for muscle contraction" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "filtered from the blood by the kidneys and is often used to determine kidney function" ] ], "prevalence is significantly higher": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "occurs more" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "common" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rate is higher" ] ], "association": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "link" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "connections" ] ], "cross-sectional": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "fibrosis 4 score (FIB-4)": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "measured the amount of scarring of the liver" ] ], "1:1 propensity score matching (PSM)": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "matching" ] ], "Univariate and multivariate regression analyses": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "Analysis" ] ], "Stepwise regression analysis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "analysis" ] ], "independent": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "does not depend" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "not effected by" ] ], "metabolic syndrome components": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "high blood sugar" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "excess body fat around the waist" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "abnormal cholesterol levels" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "high blood pressure" ] ], "prevalence": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "rate" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "number of cases" ] ], "indicators": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "markers" ] ], "FIB-4": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "liver damage score" ] ] }, "Q16_A9": { "serum creatinine": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a marker of kidney function" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a byproduct of creatine breakdown which supplies energy for muscle contraction" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a marker of kidney function" ] ], "prognosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "prediction" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "determination of the outcome" ] ], "prognostic risk stratification": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "predicting risk" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "predictively rate how severe their cases would be" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "assigning a risk status" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a risk status" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Gleason scores": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "which show how likely the cancer is to advance and spread" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a grading system to help treatment" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "prostatic cancer": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "prostate cancer" ] ], "prognoses": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "prediction" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "determination of the outcome" ] ], "prostate-specific antigen levels": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "levels of a protein made by the prostate" ] ], "Multivariate logistic regression": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "Statistical analysis" ] ], "multiple restricted cubic spline method": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "Math models" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "mathematical models" ] ], "the reference group": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "in the normal serum creatinine range" ] ], "confounders": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "factors that may have effected the study" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "age" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "sex" ] ], "multiple restricted cubic spline regression model": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "mathematical models" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "Math models" ] ], "U-shaped": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the lowest rate of high-risk prognosis in \"middle\"" ] ], "benefit the prognosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "reduce the risk" ] ] }, "Q16_A8": { "efficacious": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "successful" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "effective" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "immunomodulation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "enhancing the immune response" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "boosting immunity" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "alteration of the immune system" ] ], "hepatoprotection": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "protecting the liver from damage" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "protecting liver" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "liver protection" ] ], "Cordyceps militaris": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a medicinal fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "C. militaris" ] ], "end-stage renal disease": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person's kidneys permanently no longer function" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "last stage of CKD" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the last stage of CKD" ] ], "types of media": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment forms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "different solutions" ] ], "BUN": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "measure of kidney function" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "measure of kidney function" ] ], "uric acid": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a waste product in urine" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a waste product in urine" ] ], "deterioration": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "decline" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsening" ] ], "ESRD": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person's kidneys permanently no longer function" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "last stage of CKD" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the last stage of CKD" ] ], "mycelial C. militaris": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a medicinal fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "C. militaris" ] ], "C. militaris": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a medicinal fungus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "C. militaris" ] ], "blood urea nitrogen": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "measure of kidney function" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "measure of kidney function" ] ], "critical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "important" ] ], "huge": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "delay": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "slow" ] ], "antitumor": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "anti-cancer" ] ], "pharmacologically useful properties": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "useful healing properties" ] ], "unclear": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "we don't know" ] ], "media": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "solutions" ] ], "HKS": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "high-nitrogen form" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "media without anything added to it" ] ], "CM": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "high-carbon form" ] ] }, "Q11_A9": { "immunodeficiency": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "weakened immune systems" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "weakened immune system" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "weak protection against the infection" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "impaired immune systems" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(impaired immune systems" ] ], "relapsing infection": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "worsening in symptoms after a period of getting better" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "comes back" ] ], "morbidity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disease" ] ], "mortality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "novel viral variants": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "new variants of the virus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "new strain" ] ], "chronic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "persists" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long-term" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "lasting more than or equal to 21 days" ] ], "immunodeficient": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "weakened immune systems" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "reduced immune system ability" ] ], "antibody": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "used by the immune system to identify intruders" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "immune cells" ] ], "anti-CD20 therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "therapy that targets these cells, usually to treat lymphoma or leukemia" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "chemicals that protect the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(antiviral) therapy" ] ], "X-linked agammaglobulinemia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a genetic disorder that makes people unable to produce antibodies" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a hereditary disease that prevents the body from making immune cells" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "an inherited disorder in which a person has low levels of immunoglobulins, a type of antibody" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which a person has low levels of immunoglobulins, a type of antibody" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "genetic disorder" ] ], "peripheral B-cell": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "type of white blood cells that make antibody" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "previous therapy that targets these cells" ] ], "Remdesivir": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a new drug designed to treat COVID-19" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "antiviral" ] ], "viral clearance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cleared the infection" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cleared the virus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the time from the first positive test to the first of two consecutive negative tests" ] ], "convalescent plasma": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood of people who recovered from COVID-19" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "plasma from recovered COVID-19 patients" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "blood from people who have recovered from an illness" ] ], "therapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatment" ] ], "therapeutics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatments" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "therapies" ] ], "mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "1-year mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ] ], "peripheral B-cell levels": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "type of white blood cells that make antibody" ], [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "previous therapy that targets these cells" ] ], "evolution of novel viral variants": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "virus changing into a new strain" ] ], "demographics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "patient characteristics" ] ], "symptomatic disease": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disease with symptoms" ] ], "Remdesivir monotherapy": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "remdesivir" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "a new drug designed to treat COVID-19" ] ], "anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "chemicals agains the SARS-CoV-2 virus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "monoclonal antibodies" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "long-acting antibodies" ] ] }, "Q11_A8": { "anti-CD20 treatments": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a treatment for diseases where the immune system attacks your own body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatments used to treat immune-mediated autoimmune diseases" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "antibodies" ] ], "viral clearance": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "removal of the virus from the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the treatment clears the virus from the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the time from the first positive test to the first of two consecutive negative tests" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "time from the first positive test to the first of two consecutive negative tests" ] ], "acute respiratory distress syndrome": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a life-threatening lung condition in which the lungs are filling with fluid" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when the lungs suddenly become inflamed and it is hard to breath" ] ], "Mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Deaths" ] ], "relapses": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the COVID-19 came back" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "had worsening symptoms after a period of getting better" ] ], "dyspnea": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "shortness of breath" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "trouble breathing" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "shortness of breath" ] ], "infiltrates": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "clogging of the lungs" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "substances, such as blood and pus, that pile up in the lung" ] ], "pulmonary infiltrates": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung infiltrates" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Lung infiltrates" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "clogging of the lungs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "new clogging of the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "substances denser than air, such as pus, blood, or protein, that form and linger in the lungs" ] ], "lymphocytes": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "certain white blood cells" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "immune cells" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "white blood cells" ] ], "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ] ], "infectivity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "contagious" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the ability to produce or transfer an infection" ] ], "viral replication": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "virus multiplying in the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the process of a virus creating new, infectious viral germs that are able to infect other cells of the body or subsequent hosts" ] ], "mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rate" ] ], "new pulmonary infiltrates": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "lung infiltrates" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Lung infiltrates" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "clogging of the lungs" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "new clogging of the lungs" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "substances denser than air, such as pus, blood, or protein, that form and linger in the lungs" ] ], "1-year mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rate" ] ], "SARS-CoV-2": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ] ], "SARS-CoV-2 infection": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ] ], "anti-CD20": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a treatment for diseases where the immune system attacks your own body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "treatments used to treat immune-mediated autoimmune diseases" ] ], "presentation": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "symptoms" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "signs" ] ], "reintroducing": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treat with anti-CD20 again" ] ], "Retrospective": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "past" ] ], "positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "PCR" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "COVID test results" ] ], "worsening of previous infiltrates": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "more clogging of the lungs" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "substances, such as blood and pus, that pile up in the lung" ] ], "CD4/CD8 ratio inversion": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "altered immune function" ] ], "RT-PCR": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "PCR" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "COVID test results" ] ] }, "Q11_A3": { "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "SARS-CoV-2" ] ], "geriatric cases": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cases in elderly patients" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "elderly" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "old" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "older adults" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "elderly cases" ] ], "SARS-CoV-2 infection": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "SARS-CoV-2" ] ], "geriatric": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "cases in elderly patients" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "elderly" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "old" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "older adults" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "elderly cases" ] ], "radiological aggravation": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "sign of disease worsening on Xray imaging" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsening" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "SARS-CoV-2": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "SARS-CoV-2" ] ], "radiological aggravation.": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "sign of disease worsening on Xray imaging" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "worsening" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "symptom-free interval.": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "some time without symptoms" ] ], "biological": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "symptoms" ] ], "clinical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "tests" ] ], "fatal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "died" ] ], "symptomatic reoccurrence": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "symptoms come back" ] ] }, "Q11_A2": { "virologically": [ [ "OMIT", "" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "confirmed positive" ] ], "re-infection": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "getting the virus again from somewhere else" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "repeated infection" ] ], "reactivation": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "activation of the same infection" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the virus never fully leaving the body and coming back" ] ], "virological": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "what the virus is like" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "including further data on viruses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "virus is like" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "immunological": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how the immune system responds to it" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how the immune system responds" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "epidemiologic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how it spreads through populations" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the study of the factors that determine the presence or absence of diseases and disorders" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the study of the factors that determine the presence or absence of diseases and disorders." ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "immunizing non-relapsing disease": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "disease you could only get once" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "have no relapses and strong immune protection after having the disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "immune-building non-relapsing disease" ] ], "non-relapsing": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "only get once" ] ], "immunizing": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "immune-building" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "strong immune protection" ] ], "clinically- and virologically": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "confirmed by symptoms and tests" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ] }, "Q11_A1": { "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ] ], "re-positive case": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person tests negative consecutively and then retests positive for the same infection" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "test positive again after getting over the disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "repeated positive tests" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "repeated positive" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "SARS-CoV-2": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ] ], "CT imaging": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "radiology finding" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "medical imaging" ] ], "serum": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "viral shedding": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the release of copies of a virus from the body" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "patient spread the virus" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "Erythrocyte-associated indicators": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "blood tests" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "White blood cell indicators" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Tests of red blood cells" ] ], "lipid metabolism": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fat metabolism" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "metabolism" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "atypical presentations": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "odd cases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Unusual cases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "out of the ordinary presentations" ] ], "re-positive": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person tests negative consecutively and then retests positive for the same infection" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "test positive again after getting over the disease" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "repeated positive tests" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "repeated positive" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "SARS-CoV-2 infection": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ] ], "clinical dynamic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "clinical changes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "clinical properties" ] ], "prognosis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "course" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outcomes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outlook" ] ], "apparent recovery": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "normal CT imaging, no clinical symptoms, negative stool sample and negative blood test" ] ], "viral shedding duration": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "measurable" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "(the release of copies of a virus from the body" ] ], "symptom onset": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "first having symptoms" ] ], "abnormal": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "not normal" ] ], "serum lipid metabolism": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fat metabolism" ] ], "atypical": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "odd" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Unusual" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "out of the ordinary" ] ], "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ] ], "prognoses": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "course" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outcomes" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "outlook" ] ] }, "Q11_A5": { "reinfection": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "get the same disease that you have already gotten over" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the disease never fully went away and comes back" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when you get the same disease that you have already gotten over" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person was infected, recovered, and then later became infected again" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when the disease never fully went away and comes back" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "person's symptoms worsen after a period of getting better with the same infection" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person's symptoms worsen after a period of getting better with the same infection" ] ], "relapsed infection": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "get the same disease that you have already gotten over" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the disease never fully went away and comes back" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when you get the same disease that you have already gotten over" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when the disease never fully went away and comes back" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "person's symptoms worsen after a period of getting better with the same infection" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person's symptoms worsen after a period of getting better with the same infection" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person was infected, recovered, and then later became infected again" ] ], "re-positive": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person tests negative consecutively and then retests positive for the same infection." ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person tests negative consecutively and then retests positive for the same infection" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when you test positive for a disease again after testing negative" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "test positive for a disease again after testing negative (usually with a PCR test)" ] ], "clinical and epidemiological": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "respiratory viruses": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "airway viruses" ] ], "human coronaviruses": [ [ "EXEMPLIFY", "common cold and COVID-19" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "coronaviruses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "family containing the common cold and COVID-19" ] ], "genotype/species": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "type" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "types" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "strain of virus" ] ], "antibody": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "which identify the virus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a blood protein made in response to and fight against a specific germ" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "identify the virus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "blood protein made in response to and fight against a specific germ" ] ], "T-cell": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "destroy the virus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "type of white blood cell" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of white blood cell" ] ], "subunit vaccines": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "vaccine that uses a part of the virus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "made of protein parts of the virus that are capable of bringing on a protective immune response" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "made of protein parts of the virus that are capable of bringing on a protective immune response only cause antibody responses, preventing the effect on T-cells." ], [ "EXPLAIN", "produce only the part of the virus that the immune system recognizes the most" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "highest neutralizing antibody titres": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "(the lowest level of antibodies required to create an immune reaction" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "biggest immune response from blood tests" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "best results" ] ], "SARS-CoV-2": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ] ], "acute": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "initial" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "short-term" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "persistent/fluctuant": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "continued or changing" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "viral shedding": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "release of copies of a virus from the body" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "virus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "shedding the virus" ] ], "re-positive case": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person tests negative consecutively and then retests positive for the same infection." ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person tests negative consecutively and then retests positive for the same infection" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when you test positive for a disease again after testing negative" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "test positive for a disease again after testing negative (usually with a PCR test)" ] ], "SARS-CoV-2 infection": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ] ], "T cells": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "destroy the virus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "type of white blood cell" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "a type of white blood cell" ] ], "recurrence of positive": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person tests negative consecutively and then retests positive for the same infection." ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when a person tests negative consecutively and then retests positive for the same infection" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "when you test positive for a disease again after testing negative" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "test positive for a disease again after testing negative (usually with a PCR test)" ] ], "respiratory": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "airway" ] ], "waning": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "has faded" ] ], "variability": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "changes" ] ], "T-cell responses": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "which destroy the virus" ] ], "precluding": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "don\u2019t activate" ] ], "viral vector vaccines": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "which use a different harmless virus to produce a protein that helps immune systems fight COVID-19" ] ], "vaccine platforms such as RNA": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "genetically engineered and give your cells instructions for how to build immunity to a virus" ] ], "neutralizing antibody titres": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "immune response from blood tests" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the lowest level of antibodies required to create an immune reaction" ] ], "sustained and sterilizing immunity.": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "long-term and complete immunity" ] ], "clinical convalescence": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "feeling better." ] ] }, "Q11_A4": { "severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ] ], "SARS-Cov-2": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ] ], "co-morbidities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases that might have interacted" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other disease happening at the same time" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases happening at the same time" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "existing other diseases" ] ], "mortality rates.": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "associated deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rates" ] ], "comorbidities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases that might have interacted" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other disease happening at the same time" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases happening at the same time" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "existing other diseases" ] ], "mortalities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deaths" ] ], "mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rates" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "associated deaths" ] ], "mortality": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "associated deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rates" ] ], "1-year mortality rate": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "deaths" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "death rates" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "associated deaths" ] ], "novel": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "new" ] ], "contact": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "by touch" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "direct person-to-person contact" ] ], "droplet": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "small drops in the air" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "sneezing, coughing, or talking" ] ], "therapeutics": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "treatments" ] ], "transmission": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "spreads person-to-person and throughout communities" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "spread" ] ], "relapse": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "come back" ] ], "epidemiology": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "distribution" ] ], "clinical recovery": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "recovering from symptoms" ] ], "initial clearance of the virus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "clearing the virus from their bodies" ] ], "systematic": [ [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "mean": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "average" ] ], "median": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "midpoint" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "number in the middle of a set of numbers" ] ] }, "Q11_A10": { "coronavirus disease 2019": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "COVID-19" ] ], "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "SARS-CoV-2" ] ], "Clinical surveys": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Clinical studies" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "studies" ] ], "SARS-CoV-2": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ] ], "Asthenia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "fatigue" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Abnormal physical weakness or lack of energy" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "lack of energy" ] ], "myalgia": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle pains" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle aches and pains" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "muscle pain" ] ], "lopinavir/ritonavir": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "drugs created to treat HIV" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "antiviral medications" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "antiviral medications" ] ], "oseltamivir": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "Tamiflu" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "antiviral medication" ], [ "EXEMPLIFY", "Tamiflu" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "antiviral medication" ] ], "dexamethasone": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a drug that reduces swelling" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "steroid medication" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "(steroid medication" ] ], "remdesivir": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "a new drug for COVID-19" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "antiviral medication" ], [ "GENERALIZE", "antiviral medication" ] ], "hypertension": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "high blood pressure" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "high blood pressure" ] ], "comorbidities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "illnesses to have with COVID-19" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient" ] ], "epochs of infection": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "infections" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the infection and relapse" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "time periods of infection" ] ], "homogenous": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "consistent" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "SARS-CoV-2 infection": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID-19" ] ], "co-morbidities": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "illnesses to have with COVID-19" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient" ] ], "COVID-19": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "COVID-19" ] ], "reinfection": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "infections that come back" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "having COVID-19, detecting the virus again with a PCR test, and getting COVID-19 within three months of the original symptoms" ] ], "relapse": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "worsening in symptoms after a period of getting better" ] ], "PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "literature databases" ] ], "Eligible": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "included a study" ] ], "prevalent": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "frequent" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "common" ] ], "potency": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "strength" ] ], "recurrence": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "coming back" ] ], "outstanding": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "issue that has not been fixed" ] ], "regarded": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "consider" ] ], "clinical features": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "similar symptoms" ] ], "uniform data": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "consistent data" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "similar and consistent data" ] ], "two epochs": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "two time periods of infection" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "infection and relapse" ] ], "relapsed infection": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "infections that come back" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "having COVID-19, detecting the virus again with a PCR test, and getting COVID-19 within three months of the original symptoms" ] ], "recurrence cases": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "coming back" ] ] }, "Q11_A6": { "sequalae": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "follow up" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "consequences" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "complications" ] ], "shed virus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "have detectable virus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "release copies of a virus from their bodies" ] ], "viral shedding": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "spreading the virus" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "the virus is in the body" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "mildly symptomatic": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "mild" ] ], "IgG and IgM antibody testing": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "antibody tests" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "which show past infections" ] ], "can shed virus": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "have detectable virus" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "release copies of a virus from their bodies" ] ], "length of viral shedding": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how long the virus is in the body" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "spreading the virus" ] ] }, "Q11_A7": { "PubMed and Embase": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "literature databases" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "comorbidity": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "other diseases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "how relapses interacted with other diseases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "underlying disease happening at the same time" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "accompanying diseases" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "underlying disease" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "epidemiological": [ [ "EXPLAIN", "the study of factors that determine the presence or absence of diseases and disorders" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "population-level" ], [ "OMIT", "" ] ], "SARS-CoV-2": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID19" ] ], "SARS-CoV-2 infection": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "COVID19" ] ], "recurrence": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "repeated occurrence" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "relapse" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "coming back" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "relapses" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is when a person tests negative consecutively and then retests positive for the same infection" ] ], "systematic review": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "combining information" ] ], "meta-analysis": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "measurements from multiple studies" ] ], "gray": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "technical but not peer-reviewed" ] ], "random-effects": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "statistical" ] ], "recurrence cases": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "repeated occurrence" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "relapse" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "relapses" ], [ "SUBSTITUTE", "coming back" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "is when a person tests negative consecutively and then retests positive for the same infection" ] ], "onset": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "start of the disease" ] ], "RNA positive conversion": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "testing positive again" ], [ "EXPLAIN", "the period between the day of the 1st rapid test positive result and the day of the 2nd successive negative test result" ] ], "case reports, case series, and observational studies": [ [ "GENERALIZE", "attributes of COVID-19 relapse cases" ] ], "discharge quarantine": [ [ "SUBSTITUTE", "in quarantine since leaving the hospital" ] ] } }