Gongche Shangshu movement
The Gongche Shangshu movement (traditional Chinese: 公車上書; simplified Chinese: 公车上书; pinyin: Gōngchē Shàngshū), or Petition of the Examination Candidates, also known as the Scholar's Petition to the Throne, was a political movement in China during the late Qing dynasty, seeking reforms and expressing opposition to the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895. It is considered the first modern political movement in China. Leaders of the movement later became leaders of the Hundred Days' Reform.