Ù…Ø­Ù…Ø¯ Ø¹Ù„ÙŠØ´,Ø²ÙƒØ±ÙŠØ§ Ø§Ù„Ø£Ù†ØµØ§Ø±ÙŠ,Ø£Ø«ÙŠØ± Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÙŠÙ† Ø§Ù„Ø£Ø¨Ù‡Ø±ÙŠ
Ø­Ø§Ø´ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ø´ÙŠØ® Ù…Ø­Ù…Ø¯ Ø¹Ù„ÙŠØ´ Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø´Ø±Ø­ Ø´ÙŠØ® Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù… Ø²ÙƒØ±ÙŠØ§ Ø§Ù„Ø£Ù†ØµØ§Ø±ÙŠ Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø¥ÙŠØ³Ø§ØºÙˆØ¬ÙŠ ÙÙŠ Ø¹Ù„Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù…Ù†Ø·Ù‚,Ù†Ø¨Ø°Ø© Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¤Ù„Ù:,Ø§Ù„Ø­Ù…Ø¯ Ù„Ù„Ù‡ Ø±Ø¨ Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø§Ù„Ù…ÙŠÙ† ÙˆØ§Ù„ØµÙ„Ø§Ø© ÙˆØ§Ù„Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù… Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø³ÙŠØ¯Ù†Ø§ Ù…Ø­Ù…Ø¯ ÙˆØ¢Ù„Ù‡ Ø§Ø¬Ù…Ø¹ÙŠÙ† (Ø£Ù…Ø§ Ø¨Ø¹Ø¯) ÙÙŠÙ‚ÙˆÙ„ Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ Ù…Ø­Ù…Ø¯ Ø¹Ù„ÙŠØ´ Ù‡Ø°Ù‡ ÙÙˆØ§Ø¦Ø¯ Ù„Ø·ÙŠÙØ© Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø´Ø±Ø­ Ø´ÙŠØ® Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù… Ø²ÙƒØ±ÙŠØ§ Ø§Ù„Ø£Ù†ØµØ§Ø±ÙŠ Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø±Ø³Ø§Ù„Ø© Ø£Ø«ÙŠØ± Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÙŠÙ† Ø§Ù„Ø§Ø¨Ù‡Ø±ÙŠ ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ù†Ø·Ù‚ Ù„Ø­ØµØªÙ‡Ø§ Ù…Ù† Ø­Ø§Ø´ÙŠØ© Ù„Ù„Ø´ÙŠØ® Ø¥Ø¨Ø±Ø§Ù‡ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„Ø¯Ù„Ø­ÙŠ ÙˆØºÙŠØ±Ù‡ Ù„Ù„Ù…Ø¨ØªØ¦ÙŠÙ†ØŒ ÙˆØ§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ Ø³Ø¨Ø­Ø§Ù†Ù‡ ÙˆØªØ¹Ø§Ù„Ù‰ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¹ÙŠÙ† (Ù‚ÙˆÙ„Ù‡ Ø¨Ø³Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ Ø§Ù„Ø±Ø­Ù…Ù† Ø§Ù„Ø±Ø­ÙŠÙ…) ÙŠÙ†Ø§Ø³Ø¨Ù‡ Ù…Ù† Ø¹Ù„Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù…Ù†Ø·Ù‚ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¤Ù„Ù ÙÙŠÙ‡ Ø§Ù„Ù…ØªÙ† ÙˆØ§Ù„Ø´Ø±Ø­ Ø§Ù„Ø°ÙŠ Ù‡Ùˆ Ù‚Ø§Ù†ÙˆÙ† ØªØ¹ØµÙ… Ù…Ø±Ø§Ø¹Ø§ØªÙ‡ Ø¨ØªÙˆÙÙŠÙ‚ Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ ØªØ¹Ø§Ù„Ù‰ Ø§Ù„Ø°Ù‡Ù† Ø¹Ù† Ø§Ù„Ø®Ø·Ø£ ÙÙŠ ÙÙƒØ±Ø© ÙˆÙ…ÙˆØ¶ÙˆØ¹Ù‡ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ù„ÙˆÙ…Ø§Øª Ø§Ù„ØªØµÙˆØ±ÙŠØ© ÙˆØ§Ù„ØªØµØ¯ÙŠÙ‚ÙŠØ© Ù…Ù† Ø­ÙŠØ« ØµØ­Ø© Ø§Ù„ØªÙˆØµÙ„ Ø¨Ù‡Ø§ Ø¥Ù„Ù‰ Ù…Ø¬Ù‡ÙˆÙ„ ØªØµÙˆØ±ÙŠ Ø£ÙŠ Ø¥Ø¯Ø±Ø§Ùƒ Ø­Ù‚ÙŠÙ‚Ù‡ Ù…ÙØ±Ø¯Ø© Ù…ÙˆØ¶ÙˆØ¹Ù‹Ø§ ÙƒØ§Ù†Øª Ø§Ù„ØªÙˆØµÙ„ Ø¨Ù‡Ø§ Ø¥Ù„Ù‰ Ù…Ø¬Ù‡ÙˆÙ„ ØªØµÙˆØ±ÙŠ Ø£ÙŠ Ø¥Ø¯Ø±Ø§Ùƒ Ø­Ù‚ÙŠÙ‚Ø© Ù…ÙØ±Ø¯Ø© Ù…ÙˆØ¶ÙˆØ¹Ù‹Ø§ ÙƒØ§Ù†Øª Ø£Ùˆ Ù…Ø­Ù…ÙˆÙ„Ù‹Ø§ Ø£Ùˆ Ù…Ù‚Ø¯Ù…Ù‹Ø§ Ø£Ùˆ ØªØ§Ù„ÙŠÙ‹Ø§ Ø£Ùˆ Ù†Ø³Ø¨Ø© Ø£Ùˆ ØºÙŠØ±Ù‡Ø§ Ø£Ùˆ ØªØµØ¯ÙŠÙ‚ÙŠ Ø£ÙŠ Ø¥Ø¯Ø±Ø§Ùƒ ÙˆÙ‚ÙˆØ¹ Ø§Ù„Ù†Ø³Ø¨Ø© Ø§Ù„ÙƒÙ„Ø§Ù…ÙŠØ© Ø£ÙˆÙ„Ù‹Ø§ ÙˆÙ‚ÙˆØ¹Ù‡Ø§ ÙƒØ§Ù† Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø¯Ø±Ø§Ùƒ ÙÙŠÙ‡Ù…Ø§ Ø¬Ø§Ø²Ù…Ù‹Ø§ Ù…Ø·Ø§Ø¨Ù‚Ù‹Ø§ Ù„Ù„ÙˆØ§Ù‚Ø¹ Ø¹Ù† Ø¯Ù„ÙŠÙ„ Ø£Ù… Ù„Ø§ ÙØ´Ù…Ù„ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ø±ÙØ© ÙˆØ§Ù„ØªÙ‚Ù„ÙŠØ¯ ÙˆØ§Ù„Ø¸Ù† ÙˆØ§Ù„Ø´Ùƒ ÙˆØ§Ù„ÙˆÙ‡Ù… ÙˆØ§Ù„Ø¬Ù‡Ù„ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø±ÙƒØ¨ Ø£Ùˆ Ù…Ù† Ø­ÙŠØ« ØªÙˆÙ‚Ù Ø§Ù„Ù…ÙˆØµÙ„ Ø¥Ù„Ù‰ Ø°Ù„Ùƒ Ø¹Ù„ÙŠÙ‡Ø§ ØªÙˆÙ‚ÙÙ‹Ø§ Ù‚Ø±ÙŠØ¨Ù‹Ø§ Ø§Ùˆ Ø¨Ø¹ÙŠØ¯Ù‹Ø§.
Philosophy,Logic
Ø­Ø§Ø´ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ø´ÙŠØ® Ù…Ø­Ù…Ø¯ Ø¹Ù„ÙŠØ´ Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø´Ø±Ø­ Ø´ÙŠØ® Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù… Ø²ÙƒØ±ÙŠØ§ Ø§Ù„Ø£Ù†ØµØ§Ø±ÙŠ Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø¥ÙŠØ³Ø§ØºÙˆØ¬ÙŠ ÙÙŠ Ø¹Ù„Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù…Ù†Ø·Ù‚