November Publications
â€œWe are on the field of battle. The audience in the hall is divided in two sections: it is as if ,a knife has cut them sharply in two. Two parties are present.â€,Grigory Zinovievâ€™s description of the Halle congress of the Independent Social Democrats (USPD) in October 1920. Would the USDP and its 700,000 members opt for the Third International or attempt to stay a halfway house floating uneasily between communism and official social democracy? The Halle congress would decide.
Martov And Zinoviev: Head To Head In Halle