due to the nature of the job , physical therapists provide medical services in close 
 relationships with patients1 , 2 . the turnover of physical therapists is a major loss in 
 quality improvement of health services and rehabilitation related to human resources3 . currently , medical services are moving from healthcare provider - centered to 
 patient - centered and hospitals are also converting into patient - centered healthcare 
 systems4 . in addition , hospital 
 organizations are recognizing recruitment , training , and retraining for healthcare providers 
 in each specialized field5 . to provide good quality health services , healthcare providers beliefs in significantly 
 contributing to patient care and their own work satisfaction emotional labor refers to the idea of 
 suppressing and limiting emotions to satisfy hospitals changing patient - centered goals and 
 patients feelings6 , 7 . stress caused by excessive emotional labor 
 has a negative effect on workers commitment to the organization and satisfaction toward the 
 job9 , 10 , resulting in work - related stress ( ws ) . the work environment ( we ) 
 of human service workers has also been presented as a major factor in turnovers11 . if an organization member leaves the organization due to turnover , ensuring good quality 
 staffing is threatened ; large amounts of money are spent in the selection and training of 
 new staff , finally resulting in loss to the organization12 . additionally , new employees are highly likely to make mistakes or 
 cause accidents compared to employees with experience . employee replacement costs are also 
 much higher than the costs of actually recruiting , hiring , and training new staff12 ; therefore , this has negative effects on 
 the overall health and economic sectors . byun13 said in her previous research that promoting efficient task 
 execution and reducing turnovers by reducing ws and increasing job satisfaction are very 
 important . for the efficient management of internal employees , it is necessary to accurately 
 identify job satisfaction and ws and analyze their correlations with turnovers . examining similar research on the correlation between a variety of factors in the workplace 
 and turnovers within medical institutions , radiological technologists showed higher job 
 satisfaction with higher annual income and lower working years and showed higher turnovers 
 depending on the number of working years , wages , and night watch duty14 . age , characteristics of medical institutions in which 
 they are working , and job satisfaction are related to turnover of occupational 
 therapists15 . for nurses , excellent 
 nursing is dependent on job satisfaction enabling them to handle work positively and 
 efficiently ; higher job satisfaction reduces turnovers16 . the reality is that studies related to physical therapists include 
 studies on ws17 , research on working 
 conditions and job satisfaction18 , 
 empowerment and job satisfaction , research on organizational commitment19 , etc . however , the number is remarkably small compared to 
 studies targeting other health service workers and the data on turnover intention ( ti ) 
 itself as well as studies that analyze the relationship between ti and we and ws of physical 
 therapists are very rare . therefore , by investigating the effect of ws and we on physical therapists and turnover , 
 this study can provide basic data for reducing the turnover of physical therapists and 
 seeking effective human resource and organizational management measures in the future . the study participants were 241 physical therapists currently working in medical 
 institutions who were directly visited during the three months from january to march 2014 
 for questionnaire distribution and collection . five questionnaires were miswritten due to 
 error or insufficient survey answer contents ; 236 questionnaires were examined 
 statistically . those who fully comprehended the study procedure and voluntarily agreed to 
 participate were selected as participants . the ti measurement tool used seven questions ; for turnover factors , four questions modified 
 and used by gang20 were modified and 
 reconstructed for this study . , this 
 study used the questionnaire consisting of 15 questions after modifying and complementing 
 the method used by byun13 . the we 
 measurement tool was reconstructed for this study based on the survey tool reconstructed by 
 lim21 . each question on the measurement tool was based on a likert 
 scale from 1 ( not at all ) to 5 ( strongly agree ) points and higher scores meant better we . cronbach s alpha values in a previous and the present study were more than 0.700 . spss 18.0 was used for the collected data and the analysis method is as follows . ti , ws , and we 
 of the participants were obtained as means and standard deviations . the data were analyzed 
 using cronbach s alpha coefficient to verify the reliability of questionnaire internal 
 consistencies . the correlation between ti , ws , and we used correlation analysis through 
 pearson s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis to determine the impact of 
 ws and we on ti2 . there were 106 males ( 44.9% ) and 
 130 females ( 55.1% ) . for age , 155 were less than 30  years old ( 65.7% ) and 81 were older than 
 30  years ( 34.3% ) . most were single ( n=190 , 80.5% ) ; 46 were married ( 19.5% ) . there were 104 
 college graduates ( 44.1% ) , 88 university graduates ( 37.3% ) , and 44 graduate students or 
 higher ( 18.6% ) . most were hopeful ( n=198 , 83.9%).this was the first job for 113 ( 47.9% ) . in 
 career tenure , 56 had less than one year ( 23.7% ) , 99 had 14  years ( 41.9% ) , 42 had 59  years 
 ( 17.8% ) , and 39 had more than 10  years ( 16.5% ) . in current hospital tenure , 79 had less than 
 1  year ( 33.5% ) , 125 had 13  years ( 53.0% ) , and 32 had more than four years ( 13.6% ) . sixty 
 people had less than 1.5 million monthly income ( 25.4% ) , 98 had 1.52 million ( 41.5% ) , 57 
 had 22.5 million ( 24.2% ) , and 21 had more than 2.5 million ( 8.9% ) . the total ti mean of participants was 3.09  0.78 ; for ws , 3.31  0.56 ; and for we , 3.25  
 0.46 . ti and ws ( r=0.531 , p<0.01 ) had a statistically significant positive correlation 
 and ti and we ( r=0.511 , p<0.01 ) had a statistically significant negative correlation . ws 
 ( =0.415 ) had a significant positive impact and we ( =0.387 ) had a significant negative 
 impact on ti ( p<0.01 ) ( table 1table 1.impact of work environment and work related stress of study subjects on the 
 turnover intentionvariablestwork related stress0.4157.929work environment0.3877.395r=0.419 , adjust r=0.414 , f=83.848 ( * p<0.001 ) ) . the effects of physical therapy appear through emotional and cognitive interactions in the 
 relationship with patients . in this process , emotional labor of a physical therapist affects 
 both the therapist and the patient . however , therapists who have previously adapted to the 
 healthcare system have emphasized only ability and have neglected the emotional aspect22 . accordingly , psychological factors may 
 burden poor we and reduced job involvement and job satisfaction levels9 , 10 . to provide the 
 best care services to patients , physical therapists should continue to have a smooth 
 interactive relationship with patients , constantly watch the patient condition , and find the 
 optimum treatment in this process . thus , physical therapists satisfaction with their job 
 and working with responsibility are essential elements in increasing treatment efficiency as 
 well as cementing the relationship with patients8 . in this study , the correlations between ti , ws , and we were analyzed ; there was a 
 statistically significant positive correlation between ti and ws . ti 
 and we had a statistically significant negative correlation ; results of a study21 targeting 290 nurses support the results 
 of this paper . the results of regression analysis on physical therapists ti by ws showed a positive 
 explanatory power of 41.5% ( r=0.415 ) ; the size of the influence ( =0.415 ) shows 
 that higher ws leads to relatively higher ti . lim s study targeting 248 nursing teachers 
 showed 53.6% explanatory power ( r=0.536 ) and influence of =0.540 ; ws also 
 affected ti in other occupations , highly supporting the results of this study19 . however , heo s study , targeting 353 
 nurses obtained only 12% explanatory power ( influence =0.36 ) showing relatively low support 
 for the results of this study24 . on the 
 other hand , satisfaction with we showed a negative explanatory power of 41.5% of ti 
 ( r=0.415 ) and the size of the influence was =0.387 , indicating that low 
 satisfaction with we leads to relatively high ti . other research results include explanatory power of 52.1% ( r=0.521 ) , and 
 influence of =0.229 ( working environment ) , =0.382 ( self - development ) , and =0.263 
 ( working facilities ) in lee s study targeting 236 golf course employees25 ; explanatory power of 53.6% ( r=0.536 ) and 
 influence of =0.141(relationship with superintendent ) and =0.118 ( compensation adequacy ) 
 in lim s study targeting nursing teachers21 ; and explanatory power of 36% ( r=0.360 ) and influence 
 of =0.228 in sin s study targeting local hospital nurses23 . thus , we affected ti in other occupations , showing high support 
 for the results of this study . according to the results of this study , the higher the ws , the higher the ti , and the 
 better the we , the lower the ti . in particular , ws had a greater impact on ti than we . this 
 is similar to the results of lim21 and 
 jeongs26 studies in which ws had the 
 most significant impact on ti . therefore , ws becomes the direct cause of turnovers and if 
 not solved , leads to turnovers . thus , it is essential to reduce the ws of physical 
 therapists and improve the we ; ways to reduce turnovers should be sought through this . the limitation of this study is that it can not be generalized to all physical therapists 
 due to its potential selection bias ; physical therapists in daejeon ( chungcheong ) , physical 
 therapists working in rehabilitation hospitals , and young physical therapists were surveyed . further , the correlations between various stress factors and we affecting ti could not be 
 clearly identified because survey questions were not segmented . in conclusion , future 
 research including national physical therapists , all medical institutions , and participants 
 of various ages needs to be conducted . the root cause can be found and solved when 
 correlations of each factor are identified more clearly through the segmentation of the 
 survey questions .