reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention , examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings ; wherein like reference numerals refer to the like elements throughout . the embodiments are described below to explain the present invention by referring to the figures . referring now to the drawings , fig1 a and 1b illustrate in plan ( top view ) and cross section of a single casting or other manufacture , e . g . injection molding of structure 7 of an elastic material , e . g . silicone rubber . structure 7 to be used for protection of a wrist . the structure has protrusions 1 attached to a sheet 5 . reference is now also made to fig1 c which illustrates sheet 5 is attached to a backing 3 . the material properties for the protrusions 1 , sheet 5 and backing 3 are selected according to the requirements of the utilization of structure 7 . any casting method , e . g . injection molding , known in the art of polymer industrial processes may be used to form structure 7 . reference is now made to fig2 which illustrates structure 7 in a preferred embodiment of the present invention being utilized as a wristband 16 . a hand 14 is shown using a computer mouse 12 on a work surface 10 . backing 3 is preferably of canvas or similar textile material or another polymeric layer to provide comfort to the wearer of wristband 16 . reference is now also made to fig3 which illustrates another preferred embodiment of the present invention in which structure 7 is utilized as a mat 18 with protrusions 1 facing upwards . hand 14 is shown using mouse 12 on work surface 10 . wrist / hand 14 is shown resting on protrusions 1 , in this situation the dimensions and undeformed shape of protrusions 1 are selected to provide comfort to the user of mat 18 . optionally , a coating is applied to the top surfaces of protrusions 1 to provide additional comfort , i . e . the coating absorbs or dissipates sweat from the skin of the wrist . backing 3 is optionally rubber to prevent the slipping of mat 18 or backing 3 is a canvas type of material which allows the movement of mat 18 . in other embodiments of the invention wristband 16 is closed with protrusions 1 facing inward toward the wrist instead of outward . fig4 and 5 show two different closure devices which form fasteners of wristband 16 , according to different embodiments of the present invention . fig4 shows the ends of wristband 16 being connected together by a clasp device , e . g . velcro 20 a and 20 b . fig5 shows the ends of wristband 16 being connected together by a press stud 22 a and 22 b . alternatively the ends of wristband 16 are connected together using any other method known in the art of fastening . reference is now made to fig6 - 8 which illustrates further embodiments of wristband 16 , according to different aspects of the present invention . fig6 illustrates an embodiment of wristband 16 in which sheet 5 and optionally backing 3 are semi - rigid so that hand 14 may be inserted into the wristband while elastically deforming sheet 5 and that after inserting hand 14 , wristband 16 elastically returns to its undeformed state and closes around the wrist . the term “ lateral ” as used herein in reference to wristband 16 refers to a direction which crosses the width of the band in a direction parallel to the axis of rotational symmetry of the band . wristband 16 of fig6 is cut substantially in the lateral direction so that while hand 14 is being inserted wristband 16 deforms elastically by opening the lateral cut . the term “ radial ” as used herein in reference to wristband 16 refers to a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotational symmetry of the wristband . the term “ circumferential ” as used herein in reference to wristband 16 refers to a direction perpendicular a radius of wristband 16 and tangential to wristband 16 . the terms “ outward ” and “ inward ” refer to directions substantially perpendicular to a tangent to the circumference of the wristband . fig7 illustrates an embodiment of wristband 16 in which sheet 5 and optionally backing 3 are typically more elastic ( less rigid ) than that of fig6 . closure of wristband 16 is achieved by including in edge contours 24 a and 24 b significant circumferential portions . the circumferential portions of edge contours 24 a and 24 b allow a significant elastic distortion in the radial direction , i . e . opening the wristband , without having a large space in the band which would allow wristband 16 to fall sideways off the wrist . a similar effect is achieved if edge contours are straight but with a significant circumferential component . fig8 is an example of wristband 16 which is fully closed but is sufficiently elastic to allow deformation for inserting the hand through the band . in all embodiments , edge contours 24 are either cut from a subsequent to injection molding or are molded with the edge contours during the molding process . reference is now made to fig9 - 11 which illustrate exemplary distributions in top view of protrusions 1 manufactured preferably in a single casting on sheet 5 , according to different aspects of the present invention . fig9 illustrates protrusions distributed in an ordered lattice of rows and columns . although the lattice constants ( distances between rows and columns ) in both lateral directions are shown as equal , the present invention in other embodiments may be configured to have distances between rows different from the distances between columns . similarly , lattice angles may be configured to be angles other than ninety degrees as shown the example of fig9 . reference is now made to fig1 and 11 which illustrate distributions of reduced order of protrusions 1 on sheet 5 . in fig9 and 10 rows and columns are not necessarily straight but follow a predictable or random curve . the example of fig1 includes another aspect of borders which are not defined , order does not increase at the borders . other features not explicitly illustrated may be used according to other features of the present invention . the cross sectional area of protrusions 1 may vary from row to row or column to column or even vary randomly throughout the distribution . lattice angles may also be varied within the distribution . reference is now made fig1 and 13 which illustrate another aspect of the present invention . specifically , in fig1 , heights of protrusions 1 vary monotonically along one or more lateral directions . the monotonic variation may be suited to the angle of the wrist and / or contour of the wrist while wristband 16 and / or mat 18 is in use . fig1 illustrates a periodic size ( height and lateral dimension variation ) along one or more lateral directions . a periodic height variation is preferably combined with another periodically varying parameter such as a periodically varying cross section of protrusion 1 along a lateral direction . reference is now made to fig1 - 19 which illustrate schematically in front view different example profiles of of protrusions 1 . fig1 illustrates a profile 1 a of a right angle prism or right circular cylinder with a flat top . fig1 illustrates a a profile of a right angle prism or right circular cylinder with a pointed top . fig1 illustrates a a profile 1 b of a right angle prism or right circular cylinder with a pointed top . fig1 illustrates a a profile 1 c of a right angle prism or right circular cylinder with a rounded top . fig1 illustrates a a profile 1 c of a right angle prism or right circular cylinder with a rounded top . fig1 illustrates a profile 1 d which includes a cone shaped bottom portion 1 e . fig1 illustrates a profile 1 f which in the bottom part is a right angled prism or cylinder 1 g and in the top part not right angled , for instance portions of cones , paraboloids or ellipsoids . fig1 illustrates a profile 1 i which is ellipsoid or paraboloid . the present invention in different embodiments may be realized using a number of elastomeric thermoset or thermoplastic polymers including : unsaturated rubbers that can be cured by sulfur vulcanization such as natural rubber ( nr ), synthetic polyisobutylene ( ir ), butyl rubber ( copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene , iir ), halogenated butyl rubbers ( chloro butyl rubber : ciir ; bromo butyl rubber : biir ), polybutadiene ( br ), styrene - butadiene rubber ( copolymer of polystyrene and polybutadiene , sbr ), nitrile rubber ( copolymer of polybutadiene and acrylonitrile , nbr ), also called buna n rubbers , hydrogenated nitrile rubbers ( hnbr ) therban and zetpol , chloroprene rubber ( cr ), polychloroprene , neoprene , baypren etc . unsaturated rubbers can also be cured by non - sulfur vulcanization if desired . saturated rubbers that cannot be cured by sulfur vulcanization include : epm ( ethylene propylene rubber , a copolymer of ethylene and propylene ) and epdm rubber ( ethylene propylene diene rubber , a terpolymer of ethylene , propylene and a diene - component ). epichlorohydrin rubber ( eco ), polyacrylic rubber ( acm , abr ), silicone rubber ( si , q , vmq ), fluorosilicone rubber ( fvmq ), fluoroelastomers ( fkm , and fepm ) viton , tecnoflon , fluorel , aflas and dai - el , perfluoroelastomers ( ffkm ) tecnoflon pfr , kalrez , chemraz , perlast , polyether block amides ( peba ) chlorosulfonated polyethylene ( csm ), ( hypalon ), ethylene - vinyl acetate ( eva ); and p 1 various other types of elastomers : thermoplastic elastomers ( tpe ), for example elastron , etc ., thermoplastic vulcanizates ( tpv ), for example santoprene tpv , thermoplastic polyurethane ( tpu ), thermoplastic olefins ( tpo ), and the proteins resilin and elastin and polysulfide rubber preferred physical characteristics for the cast material are shore a hardness in the range 10 - 70 a casting was produced according to the embodiment of fig1 using a two component silicone elastomer s - 471 ( esquim s . a ., barcelona , spain ) the inventor who suffers from carpal tunnel syndrome tested the prototype and found that the elastic protrusions alleviated discomfort . while the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments , it will be appreciated that many variations , modifications and other applications of the invention may be made .
an article of manufacture for protecting a wrist of a person as the person operates equipment over a work surface . the article of manufacture includes a sheet and multiple protrusions attached to and extending from the sheet . the sheet may be placed on the work surface and the protrusions are adapted to provide support of the wrist . two edges of the sheet may include fasteners allowing the article of manufacture to be worn as a band on the wrist . the sheet and protrusions may be manufactured in a single manufacturing process .