generally , this disclosure relates to a baseball tracking enhancement program utilizing a baseball and / or softball configuration that has distinct single - colored patterns placed thereon . in one embodiment , the pattern is of a color selected from a group of color options . a plurality of baseballs of different colors , and optionally an unmarked baseball , are randomly selected by a pitcher and thrown to a batter . by randomly choosing one of the balls having a pattern with one of the selected colors or the unmarked baseball , a training program for use in baseball and softball batting practice may be readily achieved . in another aspect , the disclosure is directed to embodiments of a baseball each having distinct pattern configurations that are suitable for use in methods for pitching and throwing training . embodiments of a training program according to principles of the present disclosure can enhance a batter &# 39 ; s overall tracking skill of a pitched baseball and sharpens the narrow tracking skill as it enters a batter &# 39 ; s hitting zone through the contact point with the bat . as referred to herein , a batter &# 39 ; s hitting zone is an area around the batter in which the batter preferably hits the pitched baseball . in one embodiment , the batter &# 39 ; s hitting zone is defined in relation to a standard baseball field layout with a home plate area including standard right - side and left - side batter &# 39 ; s boxes . with the batter standing in either batter &# 39 ; s box , the hitting zone , in this embodiment , is an area that is substantially a square with each side about seven feet long , and in other embodiments an area that is substantially a square with each side approximately four times the width of a standard - dimensioned home plate ( seventeen inches ). preferably the batter &# 39 ; s hitting zone is in overlying relationship with at least a portion of home plate . in another embodiment , the hitting zone is defined by a pair of parallel lines that are disposed at about 45 degrees to the foul lines with one line substantially aligned with the rear edge of the batter &# 39 ; s boxes of a baseball field having a standard layout , and the other line in spaced relationship with the first line a distance about one - eighth of the distance between the rear tip of home plate and the pitching rubber on the pitcher &# 39 ; s mound of a standard baseball field . the contact point is the point within the hitting zone at which the bat contacts the pitched baseball . because the time between the baseball being released by the pitcher , entering the hitting zone , and being contacted by the bat is very short , a batter reflexively reacts to make solid contact . in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure , a distinct single - colored pattern is imbedded into a baseball cover so that in a standard batting practice exercise the batter will not be able to detect the colored pattern on the pitched baseball until it has entered the batter &# 39 ; s hitting zone . the integrity of the colored pattern on the baseball can be maintained by being imbedded into the baseball cover . in general , a batter &# 39 ; s approach to hitting a baseball may be viewed in three phases . a first phase can comprise a time interval prior to the baseball being pitched . during the first phase , the batter can attend to a broad set of information to assess the overall game situation . information may include knowledge of his or her preferred hitting area within the hitting zone , coaching instructions , qualities of the pitcher and defense , field and weather conditions , score , inning , outs , ball - strike count , the number and location of runners on base , etc . a second phase can comprise a time interval beginning with the pitcher &# 39 ; s throwing motion to soon after the baseball is pitched . during the second phase , the batter can attend to the baseball with a narrow visual focus to begin tracking the flight of the baseball to select whether or not to swing the bat at the baseball . it is during this time interval that the batter preferably strives to accurately perceive whether the baseball will track into his or her preferred hitting area within the hitting zone . this phase ends when the batter selects to swing or not swing at the baseball . the third phase can comprise a time interval from when the batter selected to swing at the baseball through the contact point with the baseball . during this phase , the batter preferably attends to the baseball with a more sharpened narrow visual focus to further track the baseball . this sharpened narrow tracking of the baseball helps the batter make any necessary physical adjustments to assure the bat will make contact with the baseball . if the baseball indeed tracks into the batter &# 39 ; s preferred hitting area and the batter effectively tracks the baseball , the batter has a strong likelihood to make solid contact with the baseball . if the baseball trails outside the batter &# 39 ; s preferred hitting area and the batter effectively tracks the baseball , the batter still has a chance to make solid contact with the baseball and a decent chance to make partial contact with the baseball . therefore , if a batter consistently tracks a baseball &# 39 ; s flight to identify the appearance of a colored pattern on the baseball , the batter can improve his or her hitting skills . when the batter is swinging the bat in an attempt to hit the baseball , the batter typically makes major physical movements with the legs , torso , and arms . along with these major physical movements , it is important the batter &# 39 ; s head swivels and eyes move relative to the baseball flight to help the batter track the baseball into the hitting zone through the contact point with the bat . these head and eye movements for tracking the baseball aid the batter in making proper minor physical adjustments to the major physical movements to improve the likelihood of making solid contact with the baseball . when the batter poorly contacts the baseball or misses the baseball entirely , one of the predominant reasons is due to the batter not tracking the baseball at some point while he or she is swinging the bat . this may be largely due to the batter &# 39 ; s head not swiveling and eyes not moving with the baseball &# 39 ; s flight as it enters the hitting zone . such lack of head and eye movement can inhibit the batter &# 39 ; s ability to properly track the baseball for its flight location . a proficient hitter , when selecting to swing the bat at the pitched baseball , consistently swivels the head and moves the eyes to track the baseball into the hitting zone through the contact point with the bat . fig1 - 5 , illustrate a preferred embodiment of a baseball 10 constructed in accordance with principles of the present disclosure . in the illustrated embodiment , the baseball 10 comprises first and second white panels 12 , 14 that are stitched together at a continuous seam 16 with stitching 17 , which may conventionally be waxed red cotton thread or the like . the panels 12 , 14 can be made from any suitable material , including a natural material , such as leather , for example , or a suitable synthetic material . the illustrated baseball 10 is sized to conform to the size of a conventional baseball which is 9 to 9¼ - inches in circumference . in other embodiments , a ball constructed in accordance with principles of the present disclosure can have different sizes , such as those typically associated with softball , for example . as will be understood by those skilled in the art , the panels 12 , 14 are formed in surrounding relation with respect to a round cushioned cork center ( commonly referred to as a “ pill ”), which itself can be surrounded by wool and / or polyester / cotton yarn wound around the pill ( not shown ) in a known manner . in the illustrated embodiment , the panels 12 , 14 are substantially identical to each other . accordingly , it will be understood that the description of one panel is applicable to the other panel , as well . referring to fig6 , the panel 12 includes two distal sections 12 a , 12 b connected together by a central necked portion 12 c . the sections 12 a , 12 b may be viewed as quadrants of the baseball 10 when the panels 12 , 14 are joined together . in accordance with one aspect of the disclosure , the baseball 10 includes a preselected design comprising a pattern 20 formed thereon . in the illustrated embodiment , the pattern is repeated in each distal section 12 a , 12 b , 14 a , 14 b of the panels 12 , 14 , respectively . in this example , the pattern 20 includes a line , or line - like feature 22 , and a dot 24 , or dot - like feature including a ring or ring - like feature . as best seen in fig6 , the closed line feature 22 is preferably about 1 / 16 - inch to about 5 / 16 - inch in width , is predominantly adjacent to the panel edges and no less than about 1 / 8 - inch and no more than about 3 / 8 - inch from holes for the red lacing in the majority of the quadrant area . this line 22 can converge to form a closed oval -, tear -, egg -, or eye - shaped feature 26 toward the neck 12 c of the panel . the dots 24 and the eye - shaped feature 26 of the patterns 20 on the panel 12 are substantially aligned along a central longitudinal axis la of the panel . when the panel is mounted as part of the baseball , the longitudinal axis la comprises a central equatorial plane ce of the baseball 10 ( see fig2 ). in other embodiments , the feature 26 and / or the dot 24 can be offset from the central longitudinal axis la . along with distance and linear speed , the proximity of the line feature 22 to the stitching 17 allows the red lacing on the rapidly spinning baseball 10 to hide the color of the line 22 from the batter . to help the batter detect the color of the pattern 20 on the baseball 10 when the baseball 10 is in the hitting zone , the dot , dot - like , ring , or ring - like feature 24 , which can have a 1 / 8 - to 1 / 2 - inch radius , is disposed in abutting relationship with a portion of the line 22 toward the distal part of the panel . in one preferred embodiment , the dot 24 is positioned as far away from the center of the quadrant as possible . a dot centered or near - centered in the panel quadrant can have its color detected by the batter well before the baseball enters the batter &# 39 ; s hitting zone . with a centered dot position , a two - seam fastball will have its rotating axis inside the dot allowing for the rotating dot to be visible by the batter early in the pitch . also with a centered dot position , a four - seam fastball will have the spinning dots produce a single line phenomenon allowing for the color of this line to be visible by the batter early in the pitch . this early pitch color detection of the baseball by the batter prevents the proper head and eye movements necessary to develop enhanced and natural tracking skills . as can be seen in fig6 , the illustrated pattern 20 can be described in reference to physiological terms associated with a human eyeball . for example , each baseball quadrant 12 a , 12 b has a closed 1 / 8 - inch in width line 40 ( sclera line ) tracing along the seam edge 16 at approximately ¼ - inch from the holes for the red lace stitching 17 . the sclera line 40 forms the outline of an eyeball . the sclera line 40 connects together at a macula point 42 as each quadrant narrows toward the central neck 12 c of the panel 12 . an additional slightly curved line ( retina line ) 44 , with the same width as the sclera line 40 , is placed near the macula point 42 . the retina line 44 connects to the sclera line 40 at two points approximately ½ - to 1 - inch from the macula point 42 . a solid , circular ring ( iris ) 46 is placed toward the broad part of the sclera line 40 , opposite the macula point 42 . the iris 46 is about 3 / 4 - inch in diameter and abuts the sclera line 40 . the shape of the sclera line 40 , with the retina line 44 and the iris 46 , create the appearance of an eyeball from a cross - sectional perspective . in a preferred embodiment , a set of baseballs 10 is provided in which each baseball has a pattern 20 formed thereon wherein at least two baseballs 10 have different - colored patterns 20 . optionally , the set of baseballs includes at least one conventional baseball which does not include any pattern thereon . using a baseball constructed according to principles of the present disclosure thus enhances a batter &# 39 ; s tracking skills of a baseball through pitching as a two - seam fastball or a four - seam fastball a meaningful series of baseballs from a set that includes a specifically - designed pattern on the outer cover on each baseball , where each baseball &# 39 ; s pattern is colored a distinct shade of blue , black , or green , but can include other colors in other embodiments , and imbedded into the baseball cover . the set can also include baseballs with no colored pattern on the outer cover . per each fastball pitched baseball from this set , the batter can be instructed to detect which color , if any , is on the baseball and verbally respond after the ball has been contacted or passed the potential contact point with the bat . the batter should say “ check ”, or the like , if unable to detect what color , if any , is on the pitched baseball . these verbal responses insure the batter is developing a natural head and eye movement for following the flight of the baseball to the contact point . this enhanced tracking skill can be translated into game situations . a baseball constructed according to principles of the present disclosure thus provides an ideal design to produce the desired result , namely , that the batter cannot detect the color on the ball when pitched as a fastball until it has entered the hitting zone . this discovered design has color strategically positioned and imbedded into the baseball cover so that when said ball is pitched relatively accurately , the color is obscured and undetectable by the batter from the time it leaves the pitcher &# 39 ; s hand to the time it begins to enter the batter &# 39 ; s hitting zone . this early color detection obscurity is due to the baseball &# 39 ; s distance , linear speed , spinning speed , and red lacing as a non - color option hindrance . since the color is imbedded into the baseball cover , the duration of these baseballs are significantly lengthened as the color is not destroyed by the multiplicity of hits imparted onto these baseballs . as the batter tracks the pitched baseball entering their hitting zone , the batter &# 39 ; s head and eyes must move in coordinated manner in relation to the baseball flight to determine the correct color on the baseball . the batter &# 39 ; s repetitive meaningful experience in moving their head and eyes to better track the baseball entering their hitting zone through the contact point with the bat will create muscle memory leading to natural mechanical movement . the resulting developed head and eye natural physical movements can provide corresponding improvements to the batter &# 39 ; s overall swing mechanics . these enhanced tracking skills leading to improved natural movements which can allow the batter to become a proficient hitter in a game setting . fig7 - 11 illustrate an embodiment of a patterned baseball 110 according to another aspect of the disclosure . in this embodiment , the baseball 110 may be used as a training aid to provide immediate feedback in the accuracy of pitching a fastball as a two - seam fastball . referring to fig1 and 11 , a two - seam fastball is accurately pitched when the baseball 110 is rotating around an axis ra 2 seam so that the seam 116 crosses a two - seam equatorial plane ep 2 seam ( substantially perpendicular to the axis ra 2 seam ) at two locations 151 , 152 per 360 degree revolution . distinct lateral positioning of a dark color on the baseball cover , appearing as a pair of caps 160 , 162 having a contrasting color to a central region , has been discovered to assist the pitcher , catcher , and instructor in observing whether a two - seam fastball is pitched accurately or not . with respect to the illustrated baseball 110 , the positioning of the dark caps 160 , 162 includes the horizontal polar ends 164 , 165 of the baseball 110 to a point about 3 / 8 - inch from the center of the baseball . this leaves approximately ¾ - to 1 - inch width of unaltered white cover that forms a white stripe 170 encircling an equatorial two - seam center band 172 of the baseball 110 . referring to fig8 , a first panel 112 of the baseball 110 is shown . in the first panel 112 , both distal ends 112 a , 112 b include a dark , contrasting color . a central necked portion 112 c of the first panel 112 includes a white stripe portion 180 . referring to fig9 , a second panel 114 of the baseball 110 is shown . the second panel 114 includes a white strip portion 182 that extends in parallel relationship to a central longitudinal axis la of the second panel 114 . the peripheral edges 185 , 186 of the second panel 114 include a dark , contrasting color . when assembled , the white stripe portion 180 of the first panel 112 and the white stripe portion 182 of the second panel 114 cooperate together to form the white stripe 170 encircling the equatorial two - seam center band 172 . if the baseball 110 is accurately pitched as two - seam fastball , the 1 - inch wide white stripe 170 encircling the equatorial two - seam center band 172 will illuminate discernibly as a crisp bright white rotating ring as observed by the pitcher , catcher , or instructor as it travels in the air . this resultant , success - informing , rotating bright white ring can be pointedly observed in various background environments . the dark contrasting - colored caps 160 , 162 can form a background for the bright white color of the white stripe 170 encircling the equatorial two - seam center band 172 . this rotating bright white ring can be visible in normal , baseball playing lighting environments and can be of any vertical , horizontal , or diagonal orientation . the integrity of the colored pattern on the baseball can be maintained by being imbedded into the baseball cover . since the color is imbedded into the baseball cover , the useful life of these baseballs can be significantly lengthened as the colored pattern can remain visible after a number of training sessions with these baseballs where the baseballs are struck with a bat a number of times . fig1 - 16 illustrate an embodiment of a patterned baseball 210 according to yet another aspect of the disclosure . in this embodiment , the baseball 210 may be used as a training aid to provide immediate feedback in the accuracy of pitching a four - seam fastball . referring to fig1 and 16 , a four - seam fastball is accurately pitched when the baseball 210 is rotating around an axis ra 4 seam so that the seam 216 crosses a four - seam equatorial plane ep 4 seam ( substantially perpendicular to the axis ra 4 seam ) at four locations 251 , 252 , 253 , 254 per 360 degree revolution . placement of a contrasting , dark color on a distinct half or hemisphere 260 of the baseball cover , appearing as a single dark bowl , has been discovered to assist the pitcher , position player , catcher , or instructor in observing whether a four - seam fastball is pitched accurately or not . with respect to the baseball 210 embodiment , the contrasting , dark color positioning is disposed on the dark , contrasting hemisphere 260 , and the remainder of the baseball 210 comprises a white hemisphere 262 configured to contrast with the dark hemisphere 260 . referring to fig1 , a first panel 212 of the baseball 210 of fig1 is shown . the first panel 212 includes distal portions 212 a , 212 b which are dark and used to form part of the dark hemisphere 260 . a central necked portion 212 c of the first panel is used to form part of the white hemisphere 262 . referring to fig1 , a second panel 214 of the baseball 210 of fig1 is shown a central necked portion 214 c of the second panel 214 is used to complete the dark hemisphere 260 . distal portions 214 a , 214 b of the second panel finish the white hemisphere 262 . in this way , the dark color covers the dark hemisphere 260 . the dark hemisphere 260 and the white hemisphere 260 meet at a four - seam panel equator line 270 of the baseball 210 . together , the cover of the baseball 210 is equally divided with dark color and a contrasting lighter color at a location in which the four - seam equator line 270 intersects the seam 216 at four locations 251 , 252 , 253 , 254 . if the baseball 210 is correctly pitched , the rotating borderline 270 separating the dark half bowl 260 from the unaltered remaining white half bowl 262 will be clearly defined and illuminate discernibly as observed by the pitcher , position player , catcher , or instructor as it travels in the air . the resultant , success - informing , rotating borderline 270 is also pointedly observed in various background environments . this is due to the dark - colored half bowl 260 contrasting against background colors as well as forming a background for the bright , contrasting white color of the other hemispheres 262 of the ball 210 . this rotating borderline 270 can appear in normal baseball playing lighting environments . the integrity of the colored pattern on the baseball can be maintained by being imbedded into the baseball cover . since the color is imbedded into the baseball cover , the useful life of these baseballs can be significantly lengthened as the colored pattern can remain visible after a number of training sessions with these baseballs where the baseballs are struck with a bat a number of times . various advantages flow from the disclosure herein . the disclosure establishes a definitive design style leading to a training program that effectively challenges a batter to enhance his or her overall tracking skill of a pitched baseball and sharpens the narrow tracking skill as it enters the hitting zone through the contact point with the bat . in this regard , the present disclosure provides a design and a pattern with appropriate color options that are imbedded into a baseball cover so the batter cannot detect the color of the pattern before the baseball has entered the hitting zone . a pattern can have single color options imbedded in a covered baseball so when a series of these baseballs are pitched , preferably by not required as a fastball , the color is detectable only in the hitting zone by the batter . the imbedded color of the pattern applied to the baseball cover also aids in durability of these specialized baseballs even after several hundred hits have been applied to them . accordingly , the disclosure develops a batter &# 39 ; s head and eye movement to consistently and naturally track the baseball from the pitcher &# 39 ; s hand all the way to the contact point with the bat . this leads to a batter developing enhanced pitch selectivity , enhanced minor physical adjustments necessary to apply when swinging the bat at the ball , and enhanced likelihood of making solid contact with a pitched baseball in the hitting zone and partial contact with pitches trailing out of the hitting zone . the present disclosure further realizes an associated training device leading to a training method that provides immediate feedback that is clear and dependable to a pitcher , position player , catcher and / or instructor for accurately pitching a two - seam fastball and a four - seam fastball . all references , including publications , patent applications , and patents , cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein . the use of the terms “ a ” and “ an ” and “ the ” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention ( especially in the context of the following claims ) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural , unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context . the terms “ comprising ,” “ having ,” “ including ,” and “ containing ” are to be construed as open - ended terms ( i . e ., meaning “ including , but not limited to ,”) unless otherwise noted . recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range , unless otherwise indicated herein , and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein . all methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context . the use of any and all examples , or exemplary language ( e . g ., “ such as ”) provided herein , is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed . no language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non - claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention . preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein , including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention . variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description . the inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate , and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein . accordingly , this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law . moreover , any combination of the above - described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context .
a training program for improving hitting of a baseball enhancing a batter &# 39 ; s tracking skills to a plurality of pitched baseballs . the training program provides a set of baseballs which includes a plurality of patterned baseballs and at least one conventional baseball . each of the patterned baseballs includes a cover with a perceptible pattern provided thereon , such as a generally elliptical marking conforming to a seam disposed on the cover of the baseball as well as a generally circular marking disposed within the elliptical marking . an instructor or the like detects an audible response from the batter of the color of the pitched baseball as perceived by the batter when the baseball enters the batter &# 39 ; s hitting zone .