detailed embodiments of the present plate and screw apparatus , and methods thereof are disclosed herein ; however , it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely illustrative of the plate and screw apparatus and methods that may be embodied in various forms . in addition , each of the examples given in connection with the various embodiments of the systems and methods are intended to be illustrative , and not restrictive . further , the drawing figures are not necessarily to scale , and some features may be exaggerated to show details of particular components . in addition , any measurements , specifications and the like shown in the drawing figures , or described below , are intended to be illustrative , and not restrictive . therefore , specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting , but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present apparatus or system , and methods thereof . with reference to fig1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 , an embodiment of a plate and screw apparatus 100 is provided . the plate and screw apparatus 100 may include a plate 103 having at least two bores 105 a , 105 b . each respective bore 105 a , 105 b may receive or otherwise be engaged with an annulus , or collar , 110 a , 110 b . each respective annulus , or collar , 110 a , 110 b may receive or be engaged with a screw 115 a , 115 b . the bores 105 a , 105 b may independently have any horizontal - cross - sectional shape including , generally trapezoidal , circular , rectangular , triangular , and the like . in the embodiments of fig1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 , the bores 105 a and 105 b have generally trapezoidal and circular horizontal - cross - sectional shapes , respectively ; however , in alterative embodiments , the bores 105 a and 105 b may have the same horizontal - cross - sectional shape ( such as for example , both generally trapezoidal or both generally circular ). in an embodiment , at least one bore 105 a may have a trapezoidal cross - sectional shape and the bore 105 a may receive or otherwise be engaged with an annulus retainer , or slide , 120 . in this embodiment , the annulus retainer , or slide , 120 may receive or otherwise be engaged with the annulus , or collar , 110 a , which may receive or be engaged with the screw 115 a . in an embodiment and with reference to fig5 , 6 , 7 , and 8 , the plate 103 may be any size and shape suitable to bridge a bone or joint break , fracture , dislocation , or joint fusion . in an embodiment , the plate 103 may have a generally trapezoidal horizontal - cross - section 125 with a length 130 ranging from about 1 to about 6 inches ; alternatively from about 1 to about 3 inches ; alternatively from about 0 . 5 to about 1 . 5 inches ; alternatively about 2 inches , a width 135 ranging from about 0 . 5 to about 1 . 5 inches ; alternatively about 0 . 75 inch , and a depth , or height , 140 ranging from about 0 . 1 to about 0 . 5 inches ; alternatively about 0 . 25 inches . the ends 145 , 150 of the plate 100 may have a profile ranging from curved to rectangular , including generally arced and generally semi - circular . in an embodiment , the ends 145 , 150 of the plate 103 may have a profile of a general outside arc ranging from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 75 inches . the plate 103 may have a plurality of edges 155 , 155 ′ each having a fillet radii independently ranging from about 0 . 01 to about 0 . 125 . the bore 105 b , which may or may not be tapered along a vertical axis , may have a minimum bore diameter 160 , which may range from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 75 inches and alternatively may be about 0 . 2 inches or about 0 . 25 inches . in other embodiments , the minimum bore diameter 160 may be less than or equal the maximum annulus diameter 165 ( described herein with respect to fig1 , 9 , 10 , and 11 ) of the annulus 110 b . in an embodiment , the trapezoidal bore 105 a , which may or may not be tapered along a vertical axis , may have a maximum trapezoidal bore length 170 that is greater than or equal the length of the slide 120 ( described herein with respect to fig1 , 13 , and 14 ) and a maximum trapezoidal bore width 175 that is less than or equal to the width of the slide 120 . in various embodiments , the inner surface of the bores 105 a , 105 b and the outer surface of annulus 110 a , 110 b may each be machined to a heavy texture ( for example texturing by grid blasting ) to enhance or otherwise improve the friction fit between component elements / parts and prevent ( or reduce ) rotation of the component elements / parts about themselves . the surface roughness rms of at least a portion of the bores 105 a and 105 b may range from about 25 microinches to about 300 microinches ( as tested by astm d7127 - 05 ). in an embodiment and with reference to fig1 , 9 , 10 , and 11 , the annulus 110 a , 110 b may have an interior surface 180 and an exterior surface 185 . the interior surface 180 of the annulus 110 a may have a taper , t 1 , across its vertical - cross - sectional face . in an alternative embodiment ( shown ), the interior surface 180 of the annulus 110 a may have two tapers , t 1 and t 2 , across its vertical - cross - sectional face , such that it may be inserted into the bore 105 a or slide 120 without regard to an “ up ” or “ down ” orientation . in other words , in an embodiment , the interior surface 180 may be symmetric about an “ x ” or horizontal axis , and it does not matter which “ end ” is inserted into the bore 105 or slide 120 . in an embodiment , the tapers , t 1 and t 2 , may be of the same , similar , or different angles , which may independently range from about 1 degree from vertical to about 20 degrees from vertical ; alternatively from about 1 degree to about 10 degrees . preferably , the annulus 110 a , 110 b has a height ranging from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 5 inches , and alternatively about 0 . 3 inches , with each taper being separated by a vertical space , s , ranging from about 0 . 02 inches to about 0 . 4 inches . the exterior surface 185 of the annulus 110 may form a general semi - circle . in an embodiment , the radius of the semi - circular exterior surface 185 may range from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 4 inches , and alternatively be about 0 . 2 inches . in an embodiment , a force placed along the interior surface 180 of the annulus 110 , may expand the annulus 110 radially . in an embodiment , the annulus 110 may have an annulus gap 190 , which may facilitate the expansion of the annulus 110 without breaking or fracturing the annulus 110 . in an embodiment , the annulus gap 190 may have a length ranging from about 0 . 02 inches to about 0 . 1 inches , and alternatively be about 0 . 06 inches . the surface roughness rms of at least a portion of the annulus 110 a , 110 b may range from about 25 microinches to about 300 microinches ( as tested by astm d7127 - 05 ). in an embodiment and with reference to fig1 , 12 , 13 , and 14 , the slide 120 may be any size and shape suitable for engagement with a respective bore of the plate 103 . in various embodiments , the slide 120 may have a generally trapezoidal horizontal - cross - sectional shape that is suitable for engagement with the generally trapezoidal bore 105 b of the plate 103 . in an embodiment , suitable engagement of the slide 120 within the bore 105 b is engagement such that the slide 120 fits snugly within the bore 105 b and at the same time can be moved or slid in at least one direction within the bore 105 b . for example , the slide 120 may be suitably engaged within the bore 105 b when a maximum width of the slide 120 is approximately equal to a maximum width of the bore 105 b and the length of the slide 120 is less than the length of the bore 105 b . in an embodiment , the slide 120 may be slid in at least one direction ( alternatively two or three ) within the rectangular bore before it is fit into place . in various embodiments herein , the slide 120 may have a maximum slide depth 195 ranging from about 0 . 1 to about 0 . 5 inches ; alternatively about 0 . 25 inches ; a maximum slide length 200 ranging from about 0 . 25 to about 1 inch and alternatively about 0 . 75 inches ; and a maximum slide width 205 of ranging from about ⅛ inch to about 0 . 75 inches and alternatively about 0 . 5 inches . in various embodiments , the slide 120 may have a slide bore 210 , optionally through which the screw 115 may be receive . the radius of the slide bore 120 may range from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 75 inches and alternatively may be about 0 . 2 inches or about 0 . 25 inches . the slide 120 may have a slide gap 210 , which may facilitate the expansion of the slide 120 without breaking or fracturing the slide 120 . the slide 120 ( like the annulus 110 a , 110 b ) may expand or move out radially when the screw 115 is engaged therewith ( or otherwise driven down ) to “ lock ” the screw 115 in place within the plate 103 by a ( preferably snug or tight ) friction fit . in an embodiment , the slide gap 210 may have a length ranging from about 0 . 02 inches to about 0 . 1 inches , and alternatively be about 0 . 06 inches . the surface roughness rms of at least a portion of the slide 120 may range from about 25 microinches to about 300 microinches ( as tested by astm d7127 - 05 ). in an embodiment and with reference to fig1 , 2 , 4 , and 15 , the screw 115 may have a head portion 215 , a body portion 220 , and a tip portion 225 . the head portion 215 may include a tapered circumference , t 3 , ( otherwise called a bugle portion , a bugle head , a flat head , or a countersunk head ). in an embodiment , the tapered head circumference , t 3 , may range from about 1 degrees from vertical to about 20 degrees from vertical and alternatively from about 1 degree to about 10 degrees . the head portion 215 may have a truncated conical cross section . in an embodiment , t 1 , t 2 , and t 3 have approximately equal degrees of tapers . the head portion 215 may further include recesses 230 ( shown in fig1 and 3 ) which may be of any shape , including a torx , which is sufficient to receive a screw driver ( not shown ). in an embodiment , the head portion 215 may have a height ranging from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 4 inches , and preferably 0 . 2 inches . in an embodiment , the head portion 215 may have a maximum head diameter , which may range from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 5 inches , at the head portion &# 39 ; s 215 upper most circumference and tapers along t 3 down to lesser diameters until it is about the same , or the same , diameter as the body portion 220 . the body portion 220 of the screw 115 may be of any cross section , including generally cylindrical and generally tapered or truncated conical . in an embodiment , the body portion 220 of the screw 115 may have a length ranging from about 0 . 5 inches to about 3 inches , alternatively from 1 inch to about 2 inches . in an embodiment , the body portion 220 of the screw 115 may have a maximum diameter ranging from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 5 inches , and preferably about 0 . 25 inches . in various embodiments where the body portion 220 of the screw 115 is a generally truncated cone , the taper angle ( not shown ) may range from about 1 degree to about 10 degrees . in various embodiments , at least a portion of the body portion 220 may be of a generally truncated cone may include threads ( not shown , but generally equivalent to the threads ( 235 of the tip portion 225 described below ). in still a further embodiment ( not shown ) the body portion 220 may include a combination of a generally cylindrical portion blended into a generally truncated conical portion . in this embodiment , the generally cylindrical portion of the body portion 220 may be preferably blended into the head portion 215 and may have a length ranging from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 5 inches . in the embodiment having a combination of a generally cylindrical portion blended into a generally truncated conical portion , the generally truncated conical portion may be preferably blended into the tip portion 225 . in an embodiment , the tip portion 225 of the screw 115 may include a plurality of threads 235 , which may optionally be suitable for biting into or otherwise engaging the bone of a patient ( not shown ). in an embodiment , the tip portion 225 of the screw 115 may have a length ranging from about 0 . 2 inches to about 0 . 4 inches . in an embodiment , the tip portion 225 of the screw 115 may have a maximum diameter ranging from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 5 inches , and preferably about 0 . 25 inches . in various embodiments , the tip portion 225 may taper down along a taper t 4 that may have an angle ranging from 15 degrees to about 45 degrees and alternatively about 30 degrees . in various embodiments , the terminal end of the tip portion 225 may have a diameter ranging from about a sharp point to about 0 . 2 inches . in an embodiment , the screw 115 may be inserted into the annulus 110 , which has been placed inside either the bore 105 or the slide 120 . the screw 115 may be driven down ( by a screw driver — not shown ) such that at least its threaded tip portion 225 engages a material ( such as a bone of a patient ). in this manner , the screw head portion 215 may place a force along the interior surface 110 a of the annulus 110 and cause it to expand ( or move ) out radially and against the sides of the bore 105 or slide 120 , which may preferably “ lock ” the screw 215 in place within the plate 103 by a ( preferably snug or tight ) friction fit . with reference to fig1 to 23 , an alternative plate and screw apparatus 240 is provided . the alternative plate and screw apparatus 240 may include a plate 103 having bores 105 a and 105 b , annuluses 110 a , 110 b , at least one optional slide 120 , and an alternative screw 245 having a head portion 250 having a threaded head portion 255 and a tapered head portion 260 , a body portion 265 , a tip portion 270 , and a threaded nut 275 . in the interest of brevity and ease of readability , applicant refers the reader to the description herein of the plate 103 , annulus 110 , and slide 120 provided with respect to the screw 115 and elects , without prejudice , not to repeat the description with respect to the alternative plate and screw apparatus 240 . applicant respectfully asserts that one of ordinary skill will recognize modifications and adjustments ( such as changes to the dimensions ) of those component elements in view of the differences between the screw 115 and the alternative screw 245 as described herein . the head portion 250 may include a threaded head portion 255 and a taper head portion 260 having a tapered circumference , t 5 . in an embodiment , the threaded head portion 255 may engage or otherwise be screwed into the threaded nut 275 , which may have threads that are reciprocal with the threads of the threaded head portion . the tapered head portion 260 having a tapered circumference , t 5 , may range from about 1 degrees from vertical to about 20 degrees from vertical and alternatively from about 1 degree to about 10 degrees . the threaded head portion 255 may have a cylindrical cross section , which may flare , taper , or otherwise blend into the tapered head portion 260 , which may have a truncated conical cross section . in an embodiment , t 1 , t 2 , and t 5 have approximately equal degrees of tapers . the threaded nut 275 may include internal threads and a bore such that it may engage , receive , and otherwise be screwed onto , the threaded head portion 255 . an illustrative embodiment of an engagement of the threaded nut 275 and threaded head portion 255 is provided in fig2 . in an embodiment , the head portion 250 may have a height ranging from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 75 inches , and optionally 0 . 5 inches . the threaded head portion 255 may have a height ranging from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 2 inches , and optionally about 0 . 25 inches . the tapered head portion 260 may have a height ranging from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 4 inches . the tapered head portion 260 may blend or taper into the body portion 265 . the body portion 265 of the screw 245 may be of any cross section , including generally cylindrical and generally tapered or truncated conical . in an embodiment , the body portion 265 of the screw 245 may have a length ranging from about 0 . 5 inches to about 3 inches , alternatively from 1 inch to about 2 inches . in an embodiment , the body portion 265 of the screw 245 may have a maximum diameter ranging from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 5 inches , and preferably about 0 . 25 inches . in various embodiments where the body portion 265 of the screw 245 is a generally truncated cone , the taper angle ( not shown ) may range from about 1 degree to about 10 degrees . in various embodiments , at least a portion of the body portion 265 may be of a generally truncated cone may include threads ( not shown , but generally equivalent to the threads ( 135 of the tip portion 225 described above ). in still a further embodiment ( not shown ) the body portion 265 may include a combination of a generally cylindrical portion blended into a generally truncated conical portion . in this embodiment , the generally cylindrical portion of the body portion 265 may be preferably blended into the tapered head portion 260 and may have a length ranging from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 5 inches . in the embodiment having a combination of a generally cylindrical portion blended into a generally truncated conical portion , the generally truncated conical portion may be preferably blended into the tip portion 270 . in an embodiment , the tip portion 270 of the screw 245 may include a plurality of threads 280 , which may optionally be suitable for biting into or otherwise engaging the bone of a patient ( not shown ). in an embodiment , the tip portion 270 of the screw 245 may have a length ranging from about 0 . 2 inches to about 0 . 4 inches . in an embodiment , the tip portion 270 of the screw 245 may have a maximum diameter ranging from about 0 . 1 inches to about 0 . 5 inches , and preferably about 0 . 25 inches . in various embodiments , the tip portion 270 may taper down along a taper t 6 that may have an angle ranging from 15 degrees to about 45 degrees and alternatively about 30 degrees . in various embodiments , the terminal end of the tip portion 270 may have a diameter ranging from about a sharp point to about 0 . 2 inches . in an embodiment , the screw 245 may be inserted into the annulus 110 , which has been placed inside either the bore 105 or the slide 120 . the nut 275 may be aligned with the threaded head portion screw 255 and the nut may be driven down ( by a wrench or other such tool — not shown ) such that at least its threaded tip portion 270 engages a material ( such as a bone of a patient ). in this manner , at least a portion of the nut 275 ( which may optionally be tapered or otherwise include tapered portions ) and / or the tapered head portion 260 may place a force along the interior surface 110 a of the annulus 110 and cause it to expand ( or move ) out radially and against the sides of the bore 105 or slide 120 , which may preferably “ lock ” the screw 245 in place within the plate 103 by a ( preferably snug or tight ) friction fit . further embodiments may be readily understood with reference to the remainder of the drawing figures and schematics included herein . in an embodiment , the plates and screws of the present disclosure may be fabricated from various orthopaedic biomaterials including stainless steels , cobalt chromium alloys , and titanium and its alloys . the plate may further be fabricated from various polymer materials such as polyethyletherketone ( peek ) and / or combinations of polymers and metals such as ppek plates with titanium alloy spherical and slide inserts placed with titanium alloy screws . in still further embodiments , the screws may be coated with a ceramic material such as hydroxyapatite which may have the benefit of a biologically more favorable surface , release of calcium and phosphate to the surrounding tissues due to slow dissolution . the release of these materials may aid in the biological fusion process . in addition , ceramic coatings may seal off the metal and reduce ion release and corrosion . still other coatings such as titanium nitrides and chromium carbides may be used for better corrosion protection and reduction of metal ion release . without wishing to be bound by the theory , applicant believes that the present apparatus allows for enhanced flexibility in the surgical placement of screws in various anatomical positions , and multiple orientations . for example , and without wishing to be bound by the theory , applicant believes that the plate of the present disclosure may accept the screw of the present disclosure at various angles throughout a 360 degree circumference . thus , in an embodiment , the plate of the disclosure may bridge a bone fracture or break or a joint fracture , break , or dislocation . a first screw may be inserted into the bone on one side of the bone fracture or break ( or joint fracture , break , or dislocation ) and a second screw may be inserted into bone on another side of the bone fracture or break ( or joint fracture , break , or dislocation ). the plate may then be screwed down and may keep the fractured or broken bone or joint in a general position / orientation to facilitate healing . in an embodiment , the plate and screw apparatus of the present disclosure may be placed across a sacroiliac joint that has been fractured , broken , or otherwise dislocated to facilitate healing or otherwise reduce risk of future / further injury .
this disclosure provides a plate having at least a first aperture and a second aperture , and at least a first annulus adaptable to be disposed within the first aperture and at least a second annulus adaptable to be disposed within the second aperture . further provided is at least a first screw adaptable to be disposed within the first annulus and at least a second screw adaptable to be disposed within the second annulus , wherein the first and second screws are each engageable with its respective first and second annulus .