fig1 has been described in conjunction with the prior art . it shows the general state of the art published by others and includes an external control transmitter which is coupled by electromagnetic signals to an internal receiver . the receiver ostensibly functions to control the application of a polarized voltage to an osmotic pressure driver . battery charging is also accomplished through electromagnetic coupling to an external power source . fig2 is a cross sectional view of a drug dispensing device embodying the above - mentioned improvements in the dispensable volume to the unit volume . the device includes an exit port 21 which may communicate through a check valve 22 with a tube connected into an artery for example , or other biological uptake mechanization , or system . the drug containing reservoir 23 is defined by wall 24 and a rigid impermeable diaphragm 25 , both of which are connected by a first bellows 26 . a second extensible bellows 27 surrounds the first bellows concentrically and is likewise attached to wall 24 and diaphragm 25 to form a second cavity which contains a heat responsive gas such as freon 22 . the interior of the device 20 is closed off by a second rigid impermeable wall 28 which is spaced from diaphragm 25 when the two bellows members are fully extended , to provide a third cavity between diaphragm 25 and wall 28 and between the exterior wall of bellows 27 and the interior surface of wall 29 . this third cavity is also filled with a heat sensitive saturated gas such as freon 11 . a positive drive heater 30 , 30a is contained within this third cavity and a negative drive heater 32 , 32a is contained in the second cavity . both heaters are connected by wires to the programmed source of electrical power , the program being exercised by a microprocessor located in compartment 33 , in combination with a battery in compartment 34 and electronic circuits associated with a memory chip and pressure sensor 36 readout circuits in compartment 35 . pressure sensor 36 monitors the level of pressure at the constant flow valve 22 . a high level ( p 1 ) from the static state ( p 0 ) indicates that a dose of the medication is being administered . the time that p 1 is high indicates the size of the dose . when the device is implanted in a human body , it will reach an equilibrium temperature which is the same as that of the human body . with that temperature , nominally 98 . 6 ° f ., the freon 11 vapor pressure in the third cavity , multiplied by the area of the diaphragm 25 which is in contact therewith , would produce a force urging diaphragm 25 toward the wall 24 ( see dotted line projection of the diaphragm designated 25a ). however , the vapor pressure of the freon 22 in the second cavity , multiplied by the area of the diaphragm 25 which is in contact therewith , would produce a counter force opposing the force exerted by the freon 11 . this would bring about balancing of the forces and diaphragm 25 would not move . if heat is supplied by heater 30 to the freon 11 , its vapor pressure will increase tending to drive diaphragm 25 toward the wall 24 causing expulsion of the drug in reservoir 23 through the port 21 ( assuming that the freon 22 is not affected by that heat ). if at the same time heat is applied by heater 32 to the freon 22 , depending on the amount of that heat , the rate of movement of the diaphragm 25 toward wall 24 could be regulated or even balanced to hold the diaphragm 25 in a fixed position with respect to wall 24 . thus , when the programmed dispensing has been achieved , the current may be cut off from one or both of the heaters as required to establish a stabilized position of diaphragm 25 , at which no further dispensing takes place until a further command is received from the control system . this procedure can be used during replenishment of the drug from an external source . by cutting off current from heater 30 , and simultaneously energizing heater 32 , diaphragm 25 will move in a direction which will produce a negative pressure in the reservoir 23 , thereby drawing in the new supply of the drug . the external supply will normally be a gravity fed iv apparatus or the like . the external supply will be introduced into the reservoir by a syringe needle through self sealing valve 37 . an induction coil 38 provides inductive coupling to an external induction coil connected to an alternating current power source for charging the battery which consists of a group of nickel cadmium cells in compartment 34 , through rectifier diodes therein . fig3 is a transverse section which illustrates the relative position of the reservoir cavity 23 , the heater 32 , the inside bellows 26 and outside bellows 27 as well as the output port 21 and fill valve 37 . leads to the heaters are fed through wall 28 using ceramic bead feedthroughs from the microprocessor interface circuits . all other construction details are similarly well known state - of - the - art methods and materials . the entire container 20 is preferably coated with collagenated fabric except for the valve orifices , or alternatively , with biocompatible silicone rubber . fig4 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention wherein a bellofram rolling seal is used in combination with a shaped diaphragm , in lieu of first and second bellows tubes as used in fig2 embodiments . as shown in fig4 this construction produces even less dead space , particularly when the diaphragm is at its limit position . the container 41 is shaped to contain a battery chamber 42 and electronics chamber 43 formed into the container externally of the reservoir . a floating diaphragm 44 is mounted on the bellofram rolling seals 45 , 46 . the position of these seals provides a chamber for the freon 22 and the freon 11 analogous to the second and third chambers respectively of fig2 . heaters 47 and 48 are likewise used to heat the freon 11 chamber and the freon 22 chambers respectively , to move the diaphragm 44 in accordance with the dispensing program . the exit valve 49 is a unidirectional , constant flow valve . a fill valve 51 is preferably a puncturable seal valve through which a needle from an external drug supply can be inserted through the skin of the host and the valve so that the reservoir 52 can be refilled . the puncturable seal is of the soft plastic sponge type such as is used in syringe fill bottles , which is self - sealing when the needle is removed . the freon 11 chamber areas and the freon 22 chamber are filled with saturated vapor ; i . e ., the conditions are such that the walls of the chambers normally are wet with the liquid phase of the specific species of freon , and the gaseous phase fills the chambers . the dimensions of diaphragm 44 are such that , at the reservoir full position , it is contiguous with wall 53 and when reservoir 52 is empty , it is contiguous with wall 54 . a capacitive sensor consisting of insulated rings 55 , 56 and insulator 57 , monitor the precise position of diaphragm 44 between these two limit positions . the sensing capacitor controls the frequency of a digital oscillator , being proportional to distance from wall 54 . if desired , the diaphragm position can be telemetered out to an external recorder by incorporating a transmitter module in the electronics compartment 43 and an antenna located in the charger compartment 58 . a charging coil 59 couples the charger circuit to an external power source coil . fig5 shows the major components of the electrical system . it controls the application of battery power to heaters 1 and 2 ( i . e ., 47 and 48 ) for a duration of time to cause valve output pressure p 1 to be high from p 1 and causing fluid to flow from the reservoir through the constant flow valve , thus controling the dosage . the length of time ; i . e ., the number of pulses counted by the microprocessor circuitry , that the valve pressure p 1 is high , assuming a constant flow rate , is set by instructions in the memory ram . the instructions define the month , day and hour and the prescribed dosage at specified times . with the time and dosage instructions , the microprocessor sets up the differential thermal expansion conditions in the freon 11 and freon 22 chambers to cause a pressure pulse at the output of the unidirectional constant flow valve , for the specified time necessary for a dose ; e . g ., 1 cc to be discharged into the bloodstream of the implant recipient . the diaphragm position , at the end of a dispensing pulse , is recorded in memory as a frequency from the capacitive sensor and associated relaxation oscillator ( flip - flop ). when the diaphragm 44 fig4 reaches its limit against the wall 54 , a return cycle is initiated such that the diaphragm 44 is moved to wall 53 . as shown in the functional flow diagram fig6 the movement of the diaphragm 44 is controlled in response to the dosage pressure pulse width instruction actuating the differential heaters 1 , 2 . the differential volume is maintained for the last dosage administered by heater differential activation ; i . e ., the heaters are pulsed for different clock pulse periods . the heater differential is a function of the diaphragm sensor frequency output . whenever there is no dosage being administered , the charger coil and rectifier circuits are connected to the battery for charging from an external source . if the diaphragm limit is sensed , a return cycle is initiated and a refill warning buzzer is energized . it is deenergized as soon as the diaphragm is moved away from the wall 53 , fig4 . a receiver module can be installed in the electronics chamber 43 whereby the microprocessor program is altered to vary the dosage by signals from an external transmitter , if the override capability is desired . having described the preferred embodiments , it should be understood that these are exemplary only , and that variations , substitutions , and equivalences that will readily occur to those skilled in the art , are within the scope of the invention and the appended claims .
a drug dispensing device for in - vivo implantation has a diaphragm defining a movable wall of a container for drug fluid , the diaphragm being moved by expanding gas volumes differentially activated by electric heater means controlled by a calendar - clock to induce drug fluid through a constant flow valve in one wall of the container and into the living organism , discretely , or continuously over a period of time or at intervals controlled by the clock . the container is refilled with fresh drug by injection through the skin and a puncturable seal valve while the diaphragm is actuated in a reverse direction by heater activation . the dispensing program can be changed externally by electromagnetically coupled signals ; the controller batteries can be similarly recharged by external coupling to a power source . freshness of the drug and the size of the container determine the time between refills .