a vacuum cleaner 10 , including the improvements according to this invention , is shown assembled in fig1 and principally comprises a housing assembly 12 , a motor assembly 14 , and a blower assembly 16 . the housing assembly 12 includes a lower water pan 18 , a cap 20 and a cap cover 22 . preferably , the cap 20 is easily removable from the water pan 18 enabling convenient removal and replacement of liquid therein . the motor assembly 14 and the blower assembly 16 are generally centrally supported within the housing assembly 12 . the motor assembly 14 and the blower assembly 16 are positioned within the housing assembly 12 by providing a pair of ring - shaped support members 26 and 28 . in operation , air is drawn through an inlet 24 into the water pan 18 where the air stream impinges against a water or liquid bath 25 which serves to absorb particulates entrained in the inlet air . air flow through vacuum cleaner 10 is generated through suction developed by the blower assembly 16 , which draws air from the upper portion of the chamber formed by the water pan 18 . more specific details of operation of liquid bath type vacuum cleaners are provided by the previously identified issued u . s . patents . the motor assembly 14 provides motive power for operation of the blower assembly 16 . the motor assembly 14 includes a central rotating armature 30 encircling and connected to a motor shaft 32 , which extends downwardly into the blower assembly 16 . surrounding the armature assembly 30 is a field assembly 34 . a combination bearing retainer and brush holder 36 is provided which retains an upper bearing assembly 38 and supports a pair of brushes 40 which communicate electrical energy to the armature 30 through a commutator 42 . the motor assembly 14 is of the type generally known as a universal motor , which has the desirable operating characteristics for use in conjunction with vacuum cleaning devices . an axial flow motor fan 44 is attached to the upper portion of the motor shaft 32 and generates air flow for cooling of the motor assembly 14 . the field assembly 34 and the bearing retainer and brush holder 36 are fixed through attachment to a motor base 46 by using threaded fasteners 48 . the motor base 46 is in turn connected to a web 39 by employing a clamping ring 50 . the direction of air flow past the motor assembly 14 , generated by the fan 44 , is controlled by providing a baffle 52 which generally encircles and encloses the motor assembly . the motor base 46 further defines a bearing retainer pocket 54 which receives a middle bearing assembly 56 which is secured by a push - in type clip 60 . now with specific reference to fig1 and the detailed views provided by fig2 through 10 , the significant details and features of the blower assembly 16 of this invention will be described . the blower assembly 16 defines an enclosed housing formed by the annular outer ring portion 47 of the motor base 46 , and the housing portion 67 defined by the noise reduction stage housing 66 . as shown in fig1 the motor base 46 and the noise reduction stage housing 66 components are connected together by providing several housing clips 68 . the noise reduction stage housing 66 further defines a lower bearing retaining pocket 70 which acts to position a lower bearing assembly 72 . within the interior of the blower assembly 16 are a number of rotating and fixed airflow driving and directing components . the motor shaft 32 extends into the blower assembly 16 and defines a lower threaded end 74 . a separator 76 is provided having a cup - like form with a plurality of slots therein as best shown in fig2 . the separator 76 rotates with the motor shaft 32 and is fixed thereto through clamping between acorn - style nut 80 and a lock nut 82 which are both threaded onto the motor shaft threaded end 74 . the blower assembly 16 further includes a spider component 84 which is best shown in fig3 . the spider 84 rotates with the motor shaft 32 and includes a central cup portion 86 which generally surrounds the lower bearing assembly 72 . the spider 84 further includes an outer ring portion 88 with a plurality of radially extending webs 90 which bridge between the cup portion 86 and the outer ring portion 88 . the noise reduction stage housing 66 is the first of four stages which combine to attenuate sound generated by the internal moving components of the blower assembly 16 . the details of construction of the noise reduction stage housing 66 are best explained with reference to fig4 and 5 . extending radially between the bearing retainer pocket 70 and the housing portion 67 is a plate 94 which defines a narrow airflow gap 96 . plate 94 includes vanes 95 and 97 on both faces of the plate 94 for directing suction air to and from gap 96 . a baffle plate 100 is fastened to the noise reduction stage housing 66 and has a central hole 101 with a radiused inner edge 99 . the assembly of the spider 84 , the noise reduction stage housing 66 and the baffle plate 100 is shown in fig5 . as shown by that figure , these elements define a pair of air chambers 102 and 104 which are separated by the plate 94 but which communicate by gap 96 . the lower fan assembly 106 is best shown in fig5 and 6 and rotates with the motor shaft 32 . as shown in fig6 the fan assembly 106 is formed by assembling a pair of disc - shaped parallel plates , a fan plate 108 and a fan back 110 , with a plurality of radially extending and swept blades 112 therebetween . the fan plate 108 has an enlarged central hole 120 and the fan back 110 has a smaller central hole 111 . the blades 112 are preferably fixed to the fan plate 108 and the fan back 110 by providing a plurality of axially extending deformable tabs 114 which fit through corresponding slots in the plate surfaces and are thereafter deformed to interlockingly engage the components . the fan assembly 106 is fixed for rotation with the motor shaft 32 through clamping between a pair of shaft spacers 116 and 118 . the fan assembly 106 is positioned in the blower assembly 16 so that the fan plate 108 is positioned beneath the fan back 110 . the inner radial edge 98 of the fan plate 108 is slightly deformed to define a radius to smoothen the airflow path into the lower fan assembly 108 . the lower stage assembly 122 constitutes a second stage which contributes to noise attenuation and is best described with reference to fig7 . the lower stage assembly 122 is assembled by attaching a stage back 124 and a stage plate 126 to a plurality of vanes 128 . as described previously in connection with the fan assembly 106 , a plurality of tabs are preferably provided which protrude from the blades 128 which permit interlocking attachment with the stage back 124 and the stage plate 126 . the stage back 124 has an outer diameter which is greater than that of the stage plate 126 . the lower stage assembly 122 is held in a fixed position within the blower assembly 16 by being clamped between outer ring portion 47 of the motor base 46 and the housing portion 67 of the noise reduction stage housing 66 . the stage back 124 defines an enlarged circular air flow hole 130 with a radius inner edge 125 whereas the stage plate 126 defines a reduced diameter central hole 132 which provides only slight clearance with the shaft spacer 116 . positioned immediately above the lower stage assembly 122 is another fan assembly 136 which is substantially identical with the fan assembly 106 . the fan assembly 136 also rotates with the motor shaft 32 and is clamped between the motor shaft spacer 116 and another shaft spacer 138 . the upper stage assembly 142 is a third stage contributing to noise attenuation and is best described with reference to fig8 . the upper stage assembly 142 includes a stage back 144 , a stage plate 146 , and a plurality of vanes 148 . like the fan assemblies 106 and 136 and the lower stage assembly 122 , the components are interlockingly connecting by deformable tabs . the diameter of the stage back 144 is greater than that of the stage plate 146 and includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced notches 150 in the outer periphery thereof . the stage back 144 defines an enlarged central air flow hole 152 . the stage plate 146 defines a central hole 154 having an irregular perimeter shape defined by an outer circle with one or more inwardly projecting tabs 156 . the motor base 66 constitutes a fourth and final stage contributing to the noise attenuation feature provided by vacuum cleaner 10 . the configuration of the motor base 66 is best described with reference to fig9 and 10 . the lower surface of the motor base 66 defines a plurality of extending baffles 158 and an air flow exit gap 168 . the central portion of the motor base 66 having the middle bearing pocket 54 has a spool - shaped lower portion 162 with one or more pockets 164 , best shown in fig1 . the pockets 164 are formed having an &# 34 ; l &# 34 ;- shaped configuration so that the upper stage assembly 142 may be loaded onto the lower portion 162 by relative axial movement and thereafter becomes axially restrained therewith by partial rotation once the tabs 156 have reached the bottom surface of the pockets 164 . the motor base outer ring portion 47 further defines a plurality of radially inwardly projecting lugs 166 which extend in a longitudinal direction and are spaced about the periphery of the motor base so that they will be received by the notches 150 of the upper stage back 144 once the upper stage assembly 142 has been rotated to its assembled position . this interlocking engagement permits the upper stage assembly 142 to be quickly loaded onto the spool 162 and rotated to an assembled position wherein the parts become locked together , thereby quickly assembling and accurately locating the upper stage assembly 142 into position relative to the motor base 66 . preferably , when the upper stage assembly 142 is in its final assembled position , it is slightly axially deformed such that the upper stage back 144 is biased into engagement with lugs 166 . the upper stage assembly 142 and the motor base 66 combine to define a pair of air chamber 172 and 174 separated by the flow path of air through the upper stage assembly 142 . the operation of the blower assembly 16 will now be described in detail with particular reference to fig1 and 5 . air is drawn by the blower assembly 16 through the separator 76 which acts to remove water droplets entrained in the air by centrifugal water separation action , since the separator rapidly rotates with the motor shaft 32 . airflow directly to blower assembly 16 around the outside of the spider 84 is prohibited by providing small vanes or surface features on the top surface of the spider which tends to generate a secondary airflow of low rate from the chamber 102 into the volume defined by the water pan 18 . this secondary &# 34 ; counterflow &# 34 ; air current prevents air from bypassing the separator 76 . the primary air flow enters within the interior of the separator 76 by passing through the slots 77 . as is best shown in fig5 and indicated by arrows showing the direction of air flow , the air flow is then caused to undergo a serpentine flow path into the blower assembly 16 ; first , through gaps of the spider 84 , and then into the air chamber 102 , through the noise reduction stage housing 66 , and into the air chamber 104 . this flow path into the intake of the blower assembly 16 comprises a first stage in the noise reduction system provided by the blower assembly . the serpentine route of the air which separates the air chambers 102 and 104 cause a marked attenuation in the sound emitted through the intake of the blower caused by the internally rotating fan assemblies 106 and 136 and particularly reduces high frequency noise . after the air passes through the noise reduction stage housing 66 , it passes through the hole 101 of the baffle plate 100 and enters into the center portion of the fan assembly 106 through hole 120 . flow resistance and noise generated within this portion of the flow path are reduced by the presence of radiused edges 98 and 99 . the air is thereafter forced radially outward by centrifugal action due to the rapid rotation of the fan assembly 106 . the air then travels from a radially outer position inwardly through the lower stage assembly 122 which constitutes the second noise reduction stage by passing through the gap created between the stage plate 126 and the stage back 124 and exits through enlarged hole 130 . the air is thereafter again subjected to the pumping effect of the fan assembly 136 and is directed in a radially inward direction by the upper stage assembly 142 in a fashion similar to that provided by the lower stage assembly 122 . radiused radially inner edges are also provided on both lower stage assembly 122 and the fan assembly 136 to smoothen airflow . the upper stage assembly 142 comprises a third stage in the noise reduction system provided by vacuum cleaner 10 . when the air exits from the hole 152 , it is directed against the vanes 158 of the motor base 46 which is the final stage providing a noise attenuation effect . this effect is produced by causing the air to undergo a serpentine airflow path as it exits the blower assembly 16 first from the air chamber 172 , radially inwardly through upper stage assembly 122 , axially and then radially outwardly through the motor base 46 to the air chamber 174 . like the noise reduction provided at the inlet of the blower assembly , the serpentine airflow route between the chambers 172 and 174 particularly reduces annoying high frequency noise emissions . while the above description constitutes the preferred embodiments of the present invention , it will be appreciated that the invention is susceptible to modification , variation and change without departing from the proper scope and fair meaning of the accompanying claims .
an improved blower assembly particularly useful for liquid bath type vacuum cleaners is disclosed . the improved blower assembly features enhanced noise attenuation achieved by providing a four - stage noise reduction system featuring a serpentine airflow path at the blower assembly air inlet and outlet . the four stages of the noise reduction system are comprised of ; a noise reduction stage housing , a lower stage assembly , an upper stage assembly , and a motor base , respectively . improvements in the production assembly techniques of the blower assembly components are further provided through a modified upper stage assembly which is assembled to a motor base component by a partial turn and lock procedure so that the components become firmly locked together and accurately positioned . this production technique can be accomplished quickly without a requirement of a high degree of operator skill .