while the present invention may be embodied in any of several different forms , the present invention is described here with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as setting forth an exemplification of the present invention that is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiment ( s ) illustrated . nothing in this application is considered critical or essential to the present invention unless explicitly indicated as being “ critical ” or “ essential .” referring first to fig1 , a sectional view of a limb dressing 10 is provided . the limb dressing 10 includes a chamber 12 defining a treatment space 14 . a limb 16 with a wound 18 is shown within the treatment space 14 . the limb dressing 10 includes an opening 20 that communicates with the treatment space 14 and may be sealed about the limb 16 of a patient so that the wound 18 to be treated is enclosed within the treatment space 14 . referring next to fig2 - 5 , various techniques may be used to secure the limb dressing 10 to the limb 16 . in the embodiment of fig2 , the opening 20 has no integrated system for sealing . adhesive tape 25 may be applied by a user employing the limb dressing 10 . in the embodiment of fig3 , an adhesive material 24 is provided on the inside of the chamber wall near the opening 20 . fig4 shows a cuff 26 and cooperating drawstring 27 . fig5 shows connecting straps 28 . turning to fig6 a seam 29 may be opened to facilitate the installation of the chamber 12 around the limb 16 . the seam 29 may be unsealed and resealed by numerous methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art , such as with an adhesive tape . the seam 29 allows the limb dressing 10 to be applied in a manner that reduces the likelihood of contact between the chamber 12 and the wound 18 as the limb 16 is passed through the opening 20 . as shown in fig7 , tabs 30 may be used to reduce the cross - sectional area of the chamber 21 to gather the chamber 12 around the limb after the chamber has been installed . the tabs 30 may be used to gather any loose material around the limb after the chamber has been installed . the tabs 30 may be constructed of velcro ® or other self - sticking material . the tabs 30 may also be simple drawstrings that are tied to one another . in general , the tabs 30 can be joined to one another to gather any loose material of the chamber 12 , particularly in the case of a patient with a small limb 16 . returning to fig1 , a tube 31 is attached to the chamber 12 and communicates with the treatment space 14 . the tube 31 may be permanently fixed to the chamber 12 , or a fitting 39 may be provided to allow removal of the tube 31 . the tube 31 is constructed so that it will maintain its shape , and will not collapse . a distal end of the tube 31 terminates in a portal 34 . in one embodiment , the portal 34 may be a female luer fitting . as used herein the terms portal and fitting may be used interchangeably , depending on the particular implementation . a fitting generally refers to a device that mates with a complementary , interfacing device , while a portal may relate to a device into which something is inserted , such as a needle . the tube 31 is sealed to the chamber 12 in such a manner as to prevent the escape of liquid or air from the treatment space 14 . the juncture of the tube 31 and the chamber 12 may be reinforced with a flange 32 . although only one tube 31 and portal 34 are illustrated , the invention is not so limited , and multiple tubes 31 and associated portals 34 may be provided for accessing the treatment space 14 . one tube 31 and portal 34 may be used as an inlet for providing treatment substances to the treatment space 14 , while another tube 31 and portal 34 may be used as an outlet for removing substances from the treatment space 14 . such an inlet and outlet arrangement may be useful for administering a continuous treatment stream . the tube 31 may terminate at a wall of the chamber 12 , or it may extend through the wall a distance and terminate within the treatment space 14 as shown in fig8 - 10 . the composition of the chamber 12 may be strengthened in area 33 as shown in fig8 by increasing the thickness of the walls of chamber 12 to provide further protection for the portion 38 of the tube 31 within treatment space 14 . as seen in fig8 and 9 , the portion 38 of the tube 31 within the treatment space 14 may be perforated with one or more holes 35 to facilitate the flow of liquid or air through the tube 31 . the tube 31 may extend further into treatment space 14 in branches 37 as shown in fig9 and 10 . turning to fig1 - 16 , walls 40 of chamber 12 may be configured on the interior side with ridges 41 that define channels , as in fig1 , or with grooves 42 , as in fig1 , or by a combination of both . when the interior surfaces of the chamber wall 40 are pressed upon the skin of the patient , or against one another , the channels or grooves admit the flow of liquid or air . as a result , the movement of liquid and air throughout the treatment space 14 and in and out of the chamber 12 is facilitated . the channels or grooves may be disposed as a pattern of short nubs or depressions 43 as seen in fig1 , as an irregular grid 44 as shown in fig1 , as a series of branches 45 as shown in fig1 , as a series of narrow bands 46 as shown in fig1 , or in other configurations achieving a similar result . turning now to fig1 and 18 , a delivery / extraction device 51 , such as a syringe , may be engaged with the portal 34 to allow delivery of treatment fluid and / or treatment additives to the treatment space 14 or removal of liquid or gases from the treatment space 14 . for example , the delivery / extraction device 51 may include a fitting 53 , such as a male luer fitting , complementary to a female luer fitting used as the portal 34 . in the case of complementary female and male luer fittings , the rotation of the male fitting 53 on the delivery / extraction device 51 opens a valve in the female portal 34 extending from the tube 31 . the delivery / extraction device 51 may include devices other than the syringe illustrated . for example , the delivery / extraction device 51 may include a rigid or flexible container for holding one or more liquid or powdered treatment substances that may be delivered to the treatment space 14 . alternatively , fitting 34 may be constructed of a self - sealing material to accommodate a syringe having a hollow steel needle that is inserted through the self - sealing material to allow injection of fluids and / or withdrawal of wound fluid or air from the treatment space 14 . fig1 shows a fitting 54 containing an exhaust valve 55 . when this valve 55 is operational , the delivery / extraction device 51 can be operated to exhaust air from the chamber treatment space 14 . after the desired amount of air has been exhausted , the valve 55 can be set to admit the flow of liquid from the delivery / extraction device 51 into the delivery tube 31 . other valves with various automatic , semi - automatic , and manual operations may be used to facilitate the extraction or introduction of air and liquid . the length of the tube 31 may vary with the particular implementation . in an application where the tube 31 is provided to increase the distance between the delivery / extraction device 51 to protect the patient and / or chamber 12 from a needle , the tube 31 should be at least longer than the needle . in cases where the limb dressing 10 is intended to be covered with a secondary dressing , the tube 31 may be still longer . for example , the tube 31 may be between one inch and twenty - four inches in length . the tube 31 is generally flexible and may be foldable against itself depending on the specific implementation . referring to fig1 and 20 , another embodiment is illustrated wherein the tube 31 of fig1 is a collapsible tube 61 formed of a flexible , collapsible material that normally lies flat . the delivery / extraction device 51 may be a syringe with a flexible tip 63 that is inserted into the collapsible tube 61 . the flexible tip 63 may be inserted throughout the entire length of the collapsible tube 61 such that it exits the collapsible tube 61 and extends directly into the treatment space 14 . in some embodiments , e . g ., where fluids are being added , the flexible tip 63 may be shorter than the collapsible tube 61 . the collapsible tube 61 expands as necessary to allow the insertion of the flexible tip 63 and / or treatment fluids . when the flexible tip 63 is withdrawn , the collapsible tube 61 collapses and forms a watertight and airtight seal with respect to the treatment space 14 . in some embodiments , the collapsible tube 61 may have a flared end 62 where it interfaces with the chamber 12 , i . e ., either terminating at the chamber 12 or extending into the chamber 12 . the flexible tip 63 may be positioned within the flared end 62 , yet not within the treatment space 14 to allow removal of fluids or air from the treatment space 14 . as seen in fig2 , the tube 31 may be equipped with a portal 34 that is a fitting , such as female luer fitting , as well as an auxiliary portal 66 , which may be made of self - sealing material for example , located on a branch tube 65 . the availability of two portals 34 and 66 increases the flexibility of the limb dressing 10 by allowing users to employ needles or needleless delivery / extraction devices 51 . the tube 31 allows the portal 34 to be located a distance away from the limb 16 , the wound 18 , and the chamber 12 . hence , if treatment fluids are be introduced into the treatment space 14 using a needle , the likelihood of inadvertently contacting the patient or health care provider or breaching the chamber 12 is reduced . also , if the limb dressing 10 is covered by a secondary dressing ( not shown ), the wound 18 may still be treated through the tube 31 without requiring removal of the secondary dressing . the limb dressing 10 described above has numerous applications . the tube 31 may be used to introduce a wide variety of treatment fluids and / or additives . the limb dressing 10 allows monitoring of the wound 18 , which is useful in enhancing the healing process . the chamber 12 allows visual monitoring of the wound 18 itself as well as the monitoring of fluid within the treatment space . this monitoring provides feedback to assist in the precise control of treatment variables and facilitates research . fluid extracted from the system can be analyzed for factors that indicate wound healing status and also for the presence of deleterious factors such as microorganisms , low oxygen , high carbon dioxide and adverse ph . the fluid may be tested for the number and type of bacteria and other microorganisms per cc of fluid , the number and type of cells , the amount and type of proteins , and other factors . clinical diagnosis of the wound physiology and the patient may also be conducted . upon diagnosis , further treatment of the wound 18 may be commenced by introducing treatment additives and controlling treatment variables . depending on the type of wound , the extracted fluid can be tested , e . g ., for : ( a ) the presence of microorganisms , ( b ) cells , ( c ) amount and type of protein , ( d ) chemicals , ( e ) oxygen , ( f ) carbon dioxide levels , and / or ( g ) ph . this data may be recorded and used for wound diagnosis . once diagnosis is complete , fluid treatment intervention may be adjusted accordingly . additional growth factors that are produced by the wound 18 may also be measured when extracted fluid is analyzed . additional factors that may be tested for are the presence and the amounts of various inflammatory mediators and various antigens . the presence of antigens could serve an important diagnostic purpose and may be tested with specific antibodies that would be delivered through the wound chamber . this information is useful in deciding what to replace and how to treat , and would indicate improvement of the wound 18 . the limb dressing 10 establishes an environment that allows the positive factors produced by the body to be present . an exemplary , but not exhaustive , list of treatment materials includes anesthetics , antibiotics , chemotherapeutics , growth factors , cell culture media , cells , oxygen , buffering agents , enzymes , and immune modulators . the cells added may include cells that have been genetically modified prior to transplantation in the wound 18 or may include other gene therapy additives such as dna , genes , genetic material , genetic vectors , etc . the limb dressing 10 also allows control of the treatment environment within the treatment space 14 . an exemplary , but not exhaustive , list of treatment variables includes temperature , colloid osmotic pressure , ph , ion concentration , glucose concentration , amino acid content , fat concentration , oxygen concentration , and carbon dioxide concentration . by controlling treatment variables and by adding selected treatment additives , a variety of treatment techniques may be implemented . those of ordinary skill in the art , in light of this disclosure , may identify numerous such treatment techniques , and the application of the present invention is not limited to any particular treatments . by way of illustration , a non - limiting sample of treatments that may be implemented in accordance with the present invention include cell treatment techniques , such as application of stem cells , gene therapy drugs , or cellular matrix gel suspension , infection treatment techniques , such as antibacterial or bacteriostatic treatments , or general treatment techniques , such as negative pressure therapy . the particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only , as the invention may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein . furthermore , no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown , other than as described in the claims below . it is therefore evident that the particular embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the invention . accordingly , the protection sought herein is as set forth in the claims below .
a wound dressing includes a chamber defining a treatment space and at least one opening communicating with the treatment space . in one embodiment , a plurality of channels are defined on an inner wall of the chamber . in another embodiment , a tube extends through the chamber and into the treatment space and defines a plurality of openings in a portion of the tube extending into the treatment space . in yet another embodiment , a tube extends through the chamber and into the treatment space and comprises a plurality of branches extending to different regions of the treatment space .