as shown in fig1 and 2 , a deep fat fryer generally indicated at 1 comprises a rectangular cooking pan 2 and a gas burner 3 constituting a heat source for heating a cooking medium ( not shown ) within the pan 2 . the fryer is characterized in that the pan 2 has a substantially flat base 4 which is located over the burner 3 and in that the pan is provided with a flue wrap 5 adapted to receive gaseous combustion products from the burner . the flue wrap 5 and the cooking pan 2 are suitably made from a metal such as a stainless steel , and the flue wrap 5 may be welded to the cooking pan , and it rises up the side ( s ) of the pan to a designed fill level 6 ( fig3 ) of the cooking medium . the flue wrap 5 extends around three sides of the cooking pan 2 for symmetrical communication with an outlet flue 7 at the rear of the apparatus . the gas burner 3 comprises a plenum chamber 9 surmounted by a surface combustion plaque 10 beneath a combustion chamber 11 whose upper surface is , or is in thermal contact with , the base 4 of the cooking pan 2 . this promotes excellent heat transfer and high fuel efficiency . the combustion chamber 11 is also welded to the cooking pan . the combustion chamber 11 communicates with the flue wrap 5 via side ducts 8 . a gas supply for the burner 3 includes a fan 12 for mixing air into a supply of fuel gas ( not shown ) and a duct 13 for supplying the resulting premixed gas and air to the burner . such gas / air mixture is suitably substantially stoichiometric and may be ignited by spark electrodes 14 projecting into the combustion chamber 11 . in order to provide a sedimentation zone in the cooking pan and to assist draining of that sediment , or of the whole of the cooking medium when it is desired to replace it , the cooking pan 2 is installed and operated in a position such that its base 4 is inclined to the horizontal . this inclination does not need to be large : 2 ° is quite sufficient . the base 4 of the cooking pan is inclined downwardly to the front . this allows drained material to be collected at the front of the apparatus which is generally more convenient for the user . the burner may be correspondingly inclined as shown , or the combustion chamber may be tapered ( wedge - shaped ) to accommodate this inclination . the base 4 of the cooking pan 2 is provided with optional external stiffening ribs ( not shown ). such ribs act to stiffen that base and so militate against buckling due to thermal stresses . as they are provided externally of the pan , such ribs will not obstruct efficient cleaning of the pan interior , and they will also serve to increase the surface area of the exterior of the pan thus promoting heat transfer to the pan from the combustion chamber . such ribs may also be provided over the area of the flue wrap 5 . the base 4 of the cooking pan 2 is provided with a gravity fed outlet 15 for draining the cooking medium and any sediment present . the cooking medium outlet 15 is illustrated in fig2 with a control valve 16 . a filter is incorporated between the cooking medium outlet 15 and a reservoir 17 . this allows the removal of food fragments from the cooking medium before that medium reaches the reservoir . it is convenient to locate such filter so that it is accessible from the front of the apparatus for ease in filter cleaning or replacement during routine maintenance of the apparatus . as shown , the filter comprises an inner basket filter 21 and a mesh filter 22 . the illustrated embodiment of deep fat fryer according to the invention includes means for recirculating the cooking medium . this includes the reservoir 17 arranged beneath the outlet 15 so that it can be fed with the cooking medium under gravity , and under control of the valve 16 . a pump 18 feeds a line 19 for returning cooking medium to the pan 2 via a downwardly directed hollow wand 20 at the rear of the pan . the wand may be arranged to terminate beneath the designed liquid level in the pan if desired . the pump 18 may be a filtration pump incorporating a filter . the pump 18 operates to draw cooking medium from the reservoir 17 via an oil suction line 23 . the cooking pan is surrounded and surmounted by a hob 24 , and it may be enclosed in a cabinet ( not shown ). the cabinet may be provided with wheels at its rear and legs at its front to allow for easy maneuverability for installation and maintenance while affording stability during use . the cabinet may have a door at the front for ready access to the filters 21 , 22 . a thermocouple 25 is located in the bottom of the cooking pan 2 . fig3 illustrates an optional basket lift for raising or lowering a cooking basket 30 from or into the cooking pan 2 . the lift incorporates a motor 32 and a basket support 33 . the lift system may incorporate means for shaking the basket when it has been raised out of the cooking medium . apparatus according to the invention preferably includes control means 40 ( fig2 ) including a microprocessor and a control panel 41 ( fig4 ); and including an on / off switch 42 and an operator controllable temperature selector . referring now to fig4 , the control panel 41 includes a power switch 42 which incorporates a power - on indicator light . a combined temperature mode selection switch and burner active indicator is shown at 43 . it is envisaged that the indicator should remain lit until a selected desired temperature is reached . a fat melt button 44 is provided for use when a fat rather than an oil is to be used as the cooking medium . such indicator could be arranged to flash until the fat melt temperature was reached and then to remain illuminated . a program button and indicator 45 is provided for selecting a program function and for confirming values of cooking parameters entered using a set of navigation keys 46 which may also be used to scroll through settings and to select cooking parameters for pre - setting automatic cooking programs . selectable illuminated symbols represent temperature ( 47 ), time ( 48 ), fat melt ( 49 ) and basket shake ( 50 ) which can be selected so that their values may be changed using the navigation keys 46 , while being displayed in led display 51 which is also arranged to be able to display fault codes indicative of a possible malfunction of the apparatus , and the program selected . a set of program mode buttons 52 is provided for selecting one of up to four cooking programs which may be preset by the operator to allow for “ one touch ” setting of one of four pre - set cooking programs to be used on that particular apparatus . a multi - function indicator switch 53 is provided for executing any of the following functions : a pre - selected program — press once to start , press again to halt program ; a timer ; or a basket lift — press once to lower and a second time to raise , for example before a pre - set time has elapsed . the indicator is suitably arranged to light up when the feature is selected and to go off when the cycle finishes or is manually stopped . the control means may incorporate an audible timer alarm or other alarm which can be cancelled by an alarm cancel indicator switch 54 . a fault indicator 55 is provided . an error code for the particular fault encountered may be shown in the display 51 . a further indicator 56 is provided for indicating that the filtration pump is active . the indicator 56 may be constituted as a pump switch . and a burner lockout indicator 57 is also provided . temperature control is suitably graduated in steps of 10 ° c ., e . g ., from 130 ° c . to 190 ° c . this maximum temperature may be increased to the extent that local health and safety regulations permit . in some preferred embodiments of the invention , the thermocouple 25 is used to monitor the rate of temperature change in the cooking medium during cooking of a food load , which will be at least in part dependent on the weight of a food load , and the control microprocessor is arranged automatically to adjust the cooking parameters for a particular foodstuff in response thereto . thus it will be possible , for example , to control the fuel supply to the burner , and / or to adjust the cooking time in relation to the weight of the load . all of the above u . s . patents , u . s . patent application publications , u . s . patent applications , foreign patents , foreign patent applications and non - patent publications referred to in this specification and / or listed in the application data sheet , are incorporated herein by reference , in their entirety . from the foregoing it will be appreciated that , although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration , various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention . accordingly , the invention is not limited except as by the appended claims .
devices , systems and methods for operating a deep fat fryer are shown and described . in one particular embodiment , the fryer incorporates a cooking pan , a burner , and flue wrap ; the pan has a substantially flat base ; the burner is positioned under the pan , and the flue wrap is adapted to receive gaseous combustion products from the burner and direct it toward the pan .