the present invention is of a roller coaster in which the occupants have a free range of motion in one or more axes . in the preferred embodiment , the range of free motion is in a single axis about a pivot or swivel . in an alternate embodiment in which a sphere within a sphere is employed , the range of free motion can be about an unlimited number of axes . roller coasters according to the invention may be designed with vertical down sections ( including free fall ), vertical up sections , retrograde ( negative or backwards ) motion sections , and the like , which have heretofore not been possible , along with more traditional sections ( e . g ., curved , horizontal , curvilinear , spiral , loop , etc .). the roller coaster can also travel from an inside curve to an outside curve or from an outside curve to an inside curve . additionally , the roller coaster can travel in a spiral or helix from up to down or from down to up , the spiral being situated at any attitude from vertical to horizontal . the carriages are propelled on rails or track either by push systems ( not shown ) or by the use of gravity and centrifugal forces . fig1 shows the preferred carriage and frame assembly 10 of the invention . carriage 12 , comprising sides 21 , front bar 16 , and back bar 18 , engages tracks or rails 22 on either side of the carriage with carriage wheels 20 . car 15 comprises frame 14 and one or more seats 25 in which occupants are seated and restrained by restraints 24 . passengers can sit or stand side by side or in line or in a triangle , pentagon or other configurations . access to carriage by passenger ( s ) may be via front , side or other opening . seats can be positioned to face one or several directions . restraints and seats may be of any type known to the art , taking into account that the riders may be upside down and moved sideways at times . thus , restraints may be rigid ( e . g ., bars ) or flexible ( e . g ., straps ). likewise , the seats may be contoured , provided with padding , bracing , support , and the like , to provide for passenger comfort and safety . the terms &# 34 ; seat ,&# 34 ; &# 34 ; seating means &# 34 ; and &# 34 ; seating ,&# 34 ; as used throughout the specification and claims , are intended to mean the passenger carrier for sitting or standing or being in a prone position , that is the position in which the passenger rides the roller coaster or amusement park ride , and is not limited to the common meaning of &# 34 ; seat &# 34 ;; but rather that the passenger is &# 34 ; seated &# 34 ; or disposed within the carriage or frame of the roller coaster . frame 14 rotates freely about rider seat rotation shaft 23 . sufficient clearance is provided between carriage 12 and car 15 , this allows car 15 to spin , swing or rotate in a full or partial circle along an axis which runs between carriage 12 . the occupants may modify the free rotation using frame to carriage brake handles 26 , as described below . fig2 shows the carriage and frame in cut - away view to show rotation and brake system 30 . fig3 shows carriage 12 and frame 14 with all four seats 25 occupied by riders ready to employ the brake handles 26 . fig4 and 5 illustrate the preferred rotation and brake system 30 of the invention . the rotation and brake system permit rotation and position of frame 14 to be controlled by a rider or riders applying input through brake handle 26 . the system may be set up so that a single rider applying input will cause braking . however , it is preferred that partial or full braking be based on multiple riders , or a majority , or polling of the riders input through the brake handles . fig4 shows various adjustment positions in dashed lines , depending on the number of brake handles 26 pulled . the brake can be set by adjustment of force adjusting collar 35 . the rotation and brake system can be locked to preclude rider input as to the rotation of frame 14 by locking actuating shaft 36 . enhanced reliability is provided through the incorporation of dual coupling springs 34 , dual brakes 40 , and brake discs 41 . the following occurs when a rider pulls a brake handle 26 . link 32 transmits the rider input motion to input transfer crank 33 . the input transfer crank &# 39 ; s position is converted to a torque force by coupling spring 34 . the coupling spring torque force is transmitted to actuating shaft 36 by force adjusting collar 35 , causing actuating shaft 36 to rotate . the actuating shaft rotation causes dual output cranks 37 to rotate , moving transfer link 38 , causing brake input crank 39 to rotate . the rotation of the brake input crank causes brake 40 to exert a retarding force on brake disc 41 . brake disc 41 is fixed to carriage 12 . a change in the pitch axis of frame 14 results in a pitch motion torque force exerted to car 15 . the pitch motion torque force causes car 15 to follow the frame pitch motion . car 15 will continue to follow the car pitch motion up to the limit of the retarding force exerted by the brake . alternative carriage / frame brake mechanisms can be provided , such as the use of a button , foot pedal , etc . fig6 illustrates the optional occupant seat programmed pitch axis control system 100 ( osppacs ) of the invention . the osppacs displaces the occupant seat about the car &# 39 ; s pitch axis according to the programmed instructions issued by the onboard computer within drive controller 120 and servo or open loop drive system as a function of drive location . the osppacs maintains car location along the ride track by communicating with position transmitters / antennas ( not shown ) placed at intervals ( preferably regular ) along the length of the track . the osppacs allows for variations in the ride experience fitting the desires of the occupant ( s ). it may be programmed to maintain the optimum occupant pitch position during a ride to minimize occupant stress and allowing for the highest ride transitional velocity . it can control the occupant car angular pitch rate . the osppacs is preferably disabled upon the loss of the location reference signal , allowing the occupant seat to assume its free axis pitch position . the seat pitch axis is preferably controlled by commands stored within interchangeable preprogrammed memory modules ( not shown ). variations of the ride experience as to the degree of occupant seat position and pitch axis angular rate can be selected as determined suitable by the ride operator . the osppacs preprogrammed memory module may contain passwords allowing for osppacs operation only with a specific car and operator . in operation of osppacs , the occupant pitch seat position begins in an initial position permitting passenger boarding . the operator selects the type of ride , which loads the preprogrammed instructions from the memory module into the osppacs memory . the ride is released , activating the track position transmitters / antennas . the car &# 39 ; s translation motion causes the osppacs receiver within the drive controller 120 to pass a track position transmitter / antenna . the osppacs computer commands the occupant seat pitch axis drive motor 114 to rotate the occupant seat to the preprogrammed angular position at the preprogrammed angular rate . the osppacs computer commands the occupant seat pitch axis drive motor along the car ride track according to the car location as indicated by the position transmitters / antennas . when the ride is in motion , the osppacs operates as follows : a signal is received from the track - mounted position transmitter / antenna . the position transmitter / antenna is coded as to its specific location on the track . the osppacs computer derives the occupant seat angular position and angular rate of motion from the preprogrammed memory instruction based on the car &# 39 ; s specific track location . the osppacs computer commands the occupant seat drive motor to rotate to the specified angular position and at the specified angular rate . the angular position and rate is followed by the motor - mounted position sensor 116 . the osppacs rotates the occupant seat to the specific angular position and at the specified angular rates at each successive track - mounted position transmitter / antenna . loss of the track - mounted position transmitter / antenna signal , or the receipt of a non - valid signal , preferably causes a coupling clutch ( not shown ) or the like to disengage , allowing the occupant seat to resume the normal pitch axis position . the output of the drive motor is applied to a gearbox 112 which increases the torque available to rotate the occupant seat . the coupling clutch couples the gearbox to the small timing belt pulley ( driving ) 110 when commanded by the osppacs computer . the driving pulley transmits torque to the fixed timing belt pulley ( driven ) 108 through a timing belt 102 . the driven timing belt pulley is fixed to the track - mounted car truck frame . a separate position sensor 116 is mounted which determines the absolute position of the timing belt . the car truck frame provides the kinematics grounding reference for the occupant seat angular position . osppacs power is preferably provided by batteries 118 and 122 . referring to fig7 and 8 , a roller coaster according to the invention may comprise a plurality of carriage and frame assemblies 10 , 10 &# 39 ;, 10 &# 34 ; linked together by couplings 50 , 50 &# 39 ;. preferable coupling 50 is a u - joint type coupling to provide up to three degrees of freedom , but any couplings known in the art may be employed . each individual carriage 12 can travel at high speed in the linked set , yet , be independently rotated . fig9 - 11 illustrate the use of the invention by one or more riders and the experiences made possible by the invention . fig9 shows the rider at several points in a portion of a roller coaster with a retrograde motion segment 60 . the rider is not applying the brake , which permits free rotation of the car so that the rider maintains the same orientation with respect to the ground . note that this is the type of rotation employed by ferris wheels in which the passenger always looks forward . fig1 shows the same ride , with the first portion 62 having no brake application and the second portion 64 with the rider having fully or partially engaged the frame / carriage brake , stopping free rotation of the car . the orientation of the rider with respect to the ground changes , including having the rider up - side down , sideways , etc . since the roller coaster allows the passengers to swing freely or spin with the motion and the direction of the roller coaster , every ride on the roller coaster is a unique experience . fig1 illustrates the shape of one of many possible roller coasters permitted by the invention , in which there are multiple roller coaster rides 70 , 72 supportable by a single structure 74 . this provides for enhanced excitement of the passengers with increased passenger capacity and throughput . two such possible rides are shown in fig1 , with the first ride 72 forming a spiral and the second ride 70 passing vertically through the spirals 72 . as may be readily understood by those skilled in the art , the possibilities permitted over the prior art are essentially endless . fig1 illustrates employment of the invention with a section of transparent passage or tube 82 passing through substance 84 . the substance is preferably a fluid , most preferably water or air . in water , the ends of the immersed tube should be above the water line , thereby allowing no water to enter the tube . an aquarium exhibit is one possible application of this aspect of the invention . the substance may also be a transparent , opaque or translucent solid in which lights , designs , models ( e . g ., wax ), and the like are incorporated . the term &# 34 ; tube &# 34 ;, as used throughout the specification and claims , means a passage with any cross - sectional shape ( e . g ., circular , square , rectangular , oval , triangular , etc .). fig1 illustrates a complex roller coaster having multiple configurations , including a vertical &# 34 ; plumber &# 39 ; s drain &# 34 ; 80 , a horizontal &# 34 ; plumber &# 39 ; s drain &# 34 ; 82 , a spiral 84 , passage through a tube 86 , a vertical helix 88 , a spiral 91 , a reverse loops 92 ( inside to outside or outside to inside ), a horizontal helix 94 , and a free fall 96 going into a retrograde 98 . fig1 is not intended to illustrate actual rail placement , but to show a few of the many possibilities for roller coaster rides in accordance with the present invention . as can be seen , any combination of the above ( or other ) rail structures and configurations can be joined end to end to make an interesting travel pattern . carriages may even have sufficient forward motion to catapult into free flight and be captured by a tube or funnel arrangement ( not shown ). fig1 - 16 illustrate two alternative embodiments of the invention . an outer sphere 90 comprising circumferential groove or slot 93 which goes 360 ° around sphere 90 engages parallel rails 22 , permitting any possible orientation of the track of the roller coaster . bearings may be provided between rails 22 and groove 93 . groove and bearings are preferably trapezoidal in shape ( not shown ) to best accommodate rails . tracks preferably have a tongue in order to engage the grooved rolling balls . in the event a vertical free fall effect is desired , rails 22 can be separated slightly ( e . g ., an additional fraction of an inch greater than their normal separation ). rails 22 are brought together at the end of the free fall to normal separation distance in order to catch or regain control over travel of outer sphere 90 . in curves or other areas where high gravitational or centrifugal forces are generated by the travel of outer sphere 90 , additional rails or an encompassing tube may be used to strengthen rails and to assist in maintaining their distance of separation . if a tube is used , a portion of the tube may have an interior tongue to guide the spheres . fig1 shows vertical parallel rails 22 ( with respect to outer sphere 90 ) ( although horizontal rail or other orientation of rails may be provided ). outer sphere 90 preferably contains inner sphere 93 in which car 95 is placed . inner sphere 92 rotates freely in all axes within outer sphere 90 , via , e . g ., fluid or bearings between spheres 90 , 93 , which act to effectively isolate the motion of outer sphere 90 from inner sphere 93 , permitting free rotation of the car and the passenger ( s ) seated therein . the passengers within inner sphere 93 would be able to sit upright regardless of the direction of travel of outer sphere 90 or would be selectively able to activate a brake mechanism between inner sphere 93 and outer sphere 90 , which would temporarily lock inner sphere 93 to outer sphere 90 and thereby allow the passengers to spin along the same direction and at the same rate as the motion and roll of outer sphere 90 . only two rails 22 are shown in the drawings , although additional rails ( e . g ., 3 - 5 rails ) may be provided to engage additional circumferential grooves 97 . alternatively , outer sphere 90 may simply be permitted to roll along a concave or u - shaped track 99 through a bobsled - type run or in an enclosed tube , depending on the attitude , mass , velocity and direction of motion of the sphere ( s ). the term &# 34 ; spherical &# 34 ; and &# 34 ; sphere &# 34 ;, as used throughout the specification and claims are intended to mean a wholly enclosed or wire frame sphere or cylinder or a partial sphere or partial cylinder in which there is a surface opening . if the outer sphere is actually a cylinder shape , then the inner sphere could either be a sphere or a cylinder shape . in an alternative embodiment , the inner sphere may be weighted so that the passenger ( s ) remain in an upright seated ( or standing ) position in ground position . as the rails curve to make the rail structures and configurations discussed herein , the passenger ( s ) attitude would change as the rails move off ground position . thus , the passenger ( s ) experience a limited range of motion rather than a full range of motion in all three planes as the outer sphere spins . if the passenger ( s ) is seated or standing , weighting and seat configuration may be calculated so as to prevent the passenger ( s ) looking at his / her feet . rather , the passenger ( s ) is able to view &# 34 ; straight ahead .&# 34 ; the weighting problem is created because the inner sphere is able to spin freely within the outer sphere . therefore , the inner sphere may be weighted so the passenger &# 39 ; s weight does not force the inner sphere to rotate to afford the passenger a disadvantageous view . the two spheres ( if enclosed ) are accessed by doors which follow and maintain the curvature of the two spheres . the outer sphere &# 39 ; s door may be hinged to have the door open to the outside . or , the door acts as a panel which slides within the frame of the outer sphere to open . the inner sphere &# 39 ; s door is hinged to open inward or the door slides as a panel . the inner door should be placed in the top half of the inner sphere . preferably , there is a seal which connects to the inner sphere which acts effectively to scrub the inside of the outer sphere free of the suspending liquid ( if liquid is used as a bearing ). the seal is connected to the inner sphere . in this way , with the seal , the outer door can be opened and the inner door can be opened to make a connection between the outside of the outer sphere and the inside of the inner sphere . the seal should be sufficiently robust to prevent leaks yet sufficiently soft so as not to rub grooves into the inside of the outer sphere . if the seal is sufficiently robust , the inner sphere may not require a door . the inner sphere may be weighted with the majority of the weight which is placed inside the inner sphere on the bottom of the inner sphere . this will act to keep the inner sphere level as the outer sphere rotates around the inner sphere . the fluid or liquid between the spheres should have sufficient gravity to be able to cushion the inner sphere from the inside of the outer sphere at all times . the fluid should not be viscous or only slightly viscous as viscosity will act to drag the inner sphere with the rotation of the outer sphere . the fluid should not break down under hot conditions ( in case of friction heat building up on the outer sphere ) and should have a low freezing point . the inside of the outer sphere should be almost or perfectly round and smooth . this will ensure that little or no friction build up occurs between the inner and outer spheres . the outside of the outer sphere should be almost or perfectly round and smooth with the exception of a single groove , or multiple grooves , which act to stabilize the outer sphere on its tracks or inside a tube . the outer surface of the inner sphere should be almost or perfectly round and smooth with the exceptions of : 1 ) the inner door seal ; 2 ) a cushion on the bottom of the outside of the inner sphere ( a cushion may , or may not , be necessary as an added shock absorbing device in the event the inner sphere is loaded past the capacity of the fluid to keep the inside of the outer sphere from rubbing against the outside of the inner sphere ); and 3 ) cushions may be required on multiple sides of the inner sphere , including directly opposite the door seal , in order to provide protection against friction between the inner sphere and the outer sphere . the inside of the outer sphere may have a magnetic strip ( possibly superconducting ) or strips that , when charged , would set up a magnetic field . the inside sphere may have a corresponding magnetic strip ( s ) that would be attracted to the strip ( s ) on the outer sphere when the outer sphere &# 39 ; s strip ( s ) is magnetically charged . this system acts to align the two spheres so that the two doors will align . it is advantageous if the strip ( s ) on both spheres are transparent . the magnetic strip ( s ) on the outer sphere should be magnetized at certain locations when a person would want to provide ingress or egress to the inner sphere . this could be done by setting up the magnetic field at those points ( locations ). the spheres are preferably made of very strong materials , sufficient to absorb impacts and centrifugal forces as the outer sphere travels along the track or inside a tube . plexiglass or some derivative in sufficient thickness is useful in accordance with the invention . if passengers are to be transported inside the inner sphere , both spheres should be substantially made of transparent material so the passenger can view the terrain or the inside of the tube or track . the tube or track can be transparent , as well . tracks or rails are preferably made of steel or some other strong material . tracks are preferably held together by a system of supporting beams , rings , rods , and rails . tracks may lie on a bed or can be suspended overhead . switching from track to track or track to tube , etc ., may be accomplished by a set of points and frogs on the track or in a tube , much like a modern railroad . or , switching can be accomplished by using doors which open and close . propulsion of the carriages may be accomplished in several manners , including : 1 ) air blast ( gas could either be compressed and released or gas pressure could be generated by a fan , jet , or rocket ; 2 ) spring ( initial propulsion can be achieved using a spring ( coiled and released behind the carriage )); and 3 ) mechanical push device ( e . g ., chain driven , similar to a typical roller coaster chain drive ). secondary or assistive propulsion can also be accomplished by using gas , spring or mechanical push devices along the path of the carriage once the carriage is initially launched . eventually , the carriage must come to rest . carriage braking may be accomplished by e . g ., reverse gas propulsion , friction rollers placed inside the track or tube , an uphill climb , and the like . although the invention has been described in detail with particular reference to these preferred embodiments , other embodiments can achieve the same results . variations and modifications of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications and equivalents . the entire disclosures of all references , applications , patents , and publications cited above , and of the corresponding application ( s ), are hereby incorporated by reference .
a roller coaster or amusement park ride . the roller coaster comprises a track system capable of any directional travel , including horizontal , vertical , angled , curved , curvilinear , and retrograde directions . a carriage in which passengers reside is rotatable about the track system , either by programming or by passenger activation , providing for additional freedom of movement . the roller coaster may have a track through a clear tube and multiple , independent rides supported by the same support structure , providing increased excitement for the passengers .