referring to fig1 a hand - held type of body fat percentage gauge 1 according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention has , on its upper and lower longitudinal sides and on its front surface , a pair of current supplying electrodes 2 a and 2 b , a pair of voltage measuring electrodes 3 a and 3 b , a display 4 for indicating a measured body fat percentage and pieces of physical information set for each individual , push buttons 5 a and 5 b for measurement , allotted to two individuals respectively , a push button 6 for registration , and up - scroll and down - scroll push buttons 7 and 8 . the push buttons for measurement 5 a and 5 b can be used in inputting a selected identification number , retrieving the identification number and starting the measurement of body fat percentage . the push button 6 for registration can be used when it is desired that the gauge is put in the individual setting mode in which pieces of physical information pertaining to an individual can be inputted , and when a desired number is registered in place of the corresponding registered number . the up - scroll and down - scroll push buttons 7 and 8 can be used in changing the pieces of physical information pertaining to an individual , such as sex , height and weight . the current supplying electrodes 2 a and 2 b and voltage measuring electrodes 3 a and 3 b are biological impedance sensors , which are so arranged that : the thumb of the left hand may be put on the electrode 3 a ; the index finger of the left hand may be put on the electrode 2 a ; the thumb of the right hand may be put on the electrode 3 b ; and the index finger of the right hand may be put on the electrode 2 b . referring to fig2 the electric circuit arrangement of the hand - held type of body fat percentage gauge comprises a high - frequency constant current supplying circuit 11 for supplying the current supplying electrodes 2 a and 2 b with electric current , a voltage measuring circuit 12 for measuring the voltage appearing between the voltage measuring electrodes 3 a and 3 b , an analog - to - digital converter 13 for converting the measured voltage in digital form , an inputting device 14 comprising switches 5 to 8 for entering pieces of physical information for each individual and starting the measurement , a memory device 15 for storing the pieces of physical information pertaining to each individual , a display device 16 including the display 4 for indicating the pieces of physical information pertaining to each individual and the results of calculations , and an arithmetic and control unit ( cpu ) 17 for calculating a body fat percentage from the measured biological impedance and the pieces of physical information , and for permitting the display to indicate the result of the calculation and permitting the memory to store the same . referring to fig3 a , 3 b and 3 c , a series of actions taken by the body fat percentage gauge when being set up ( see fig3 a and 3 b ), and another series of actions taken by the gauge when measuring the body fat percentage ( see fig3 c ) are described below : at first , the gauge is ready to work in response to depression of one of the individual measurement push buttons 5 a and 5 b and the registration push button 6 , allowing the display , analog circuits , cpu and other circuit components to remain dormant , thus consuming no electric power . depression of the registration push button 6 will put the gauge in the individual data setting mode . otherwise , the gauge is still standing by ( step s 1 ). depression of the registration push button 6 will set zero to an identification number “ n ” ( step s 2 ), allowing the display 4 to show 0 as the initial value ( step s 3 ). a check is made again as to whether or not the registration push button 6 has been depressed ( step s 4 ). in the negative case a check is made as to whether or not either of the up - and down - scroll push button has been pushed ( step s 5 ). in the affirmative case the identification number “ n ” is altered , and then , the proceeding returns to step 3 . ( step s 6 ). if the registration push button 6 is found to have been depressed at step 4 , the number appearing in the display 4 is stored as the identification number in the memory ( step s 7 ), which can store different pieces of physical information for each identification number . selection of the sex follows registration of the identification number , and “ female ” is set as an initial value ( step s 8 ), allowing the display 4 to show the sex ( step s 9 ). then , a check is made as to whether or not the registration push button 6 has been depressed ( step s 10 ). in the negative case a check is made as to whether or not either scroll button has been depressed ( step s 11 ). in the affirmative case the indicated sex is changed , and then the proceeding returns to step s 9 ( step s 12 ). if the registration push button 6 is found to have been depressed at step s 10 , the sex appearing in the display 4 is stored in the memory ( step s 13 ). the entering of the height follows registration of the sex , and 160 cm is set to the height as an initial value ( step s 14 ), allowing the display 4 to show the initial value ( step s 15 ). then , a check is made as to whether or not the registration push button 6 has been depressed ( step s 16 ). in the negative case a check is made as to whether or not either scroll button has been depressed ( step s 17 ). in the affirmative case the initial value is changed , and then the proceeding returns to step s 15 ( step s 18 ). if the registration push button 6 is found to have been depressed at step s 16 , the height appearing in the display 4 is stored in the memory ( step s 19 ). the entering of the weight follows registration of the height , and 60 . 0 kg is set to the weight as an initial value ( step s 20 ), allowing the display 4 to show the initial value ( step s 21 ). then , a check is made as to whether or not the registration push button 6 has been depressed ( step s 22 ). in the negative case a check is made as to whether or not either scroll button has been depressed ( step s 23 ). in the affirmative case the initial value is changed , and then the proceeding returns to step s 21 ( step s 24 ). if the registration push button 6 is found to have been depressed at step s 22 , the weight appearing in the display 4 is stored in the memory ( step s 25 ). thus , all pieces of physical information pertaining to the individual are registered . thus , the individual data setting mode is finished ( step s 26 ). if the registration push button 6 is not depressed at step s 1 , a check is made as to whether or not either push button for measurement 5 a or 5 b has been depressed ( step s 27 ). in the negative case the proceeding returns to step s 1 . the body fat percentage gauge remains dormant until either measurement push button 5 a or 5 b has been depressed . contrary , if the registration push button 6 is found to have been depressed at step s 27 , the identification number “ n ” pertaining to the depressed measurement push button is allowed to appear in the display 4 ( step s 28 ), so that the sex , the height and the weight of the individual thus identified in terms of identification number “ n ” are retrieved from the memory ( step s 29 ). the so retrieved sex , height and weight are allowed to appear one after another in the display 4 ( step s 30 ). then , the body fat rate gauge 1 is put in the measurement - permitting condition ( step s 31 ), allowing the display 4 to continue to show the value of weight retrieved from the memory at step 29 ( step s 32 ). this continuous display informs the user of the permissibility of changing the displayed value on demand . here , a check is made as to whether or not either scroll push button 7 or 8 has been depressed ( step s 33 ). in the affirmative case the value of weight is amended ( step s 34 ), and the amended value of weight is shown in the display 4 ( step s 35 ). a check is made as to whether or not the registration push button 6 has been depressed ( step s 36 ). thus , the user is being asked whether the amended and displayed value is acceptable . in the negative case a check is made as to whether or not either scroll push button 7 or 8 has been depressed ( step s 37 ). if either scroll push button 7 or 8 is depressed , the proceeding is allowed to return to step s 34 for renewal of the displayed value . if not , the proceeding is allowed to return to step s 36 to confirm that the weight has been corrected to the present value of weight , and that the amended value should be registered . depression of the registration push button 6 at step 36 allows the memory to store the amended value ( step s 38 ), and then the preceding returns to step s 28 . if either scroll push button 7 or 8 is not depressed for renewal of values at step 33 , a biological impedance is calculated ( step s 39 ). the calculation is repeated several times within a relatively short time , and a check is made as to whether or not the so determined values of biological impedance remain within a certain range ( step s 40 ). if the so determined values of biological impedance are found to be unstable , increasing or decreasing beyond the certain range , the proceeding returns to step s 32 . when the so determined values of biological impedance are found to be stable , it is checked whether these values remain within the range from 300 to 1 , 400 ω ( step s 41 ). the values of biological impedance appearing between both hands of children and adults remain in the range from 300 to 1 , 400 ω . if the measurement is effected with both hand skins touched on the electrodes , the values of biological impedance must remain within the range . stated otherwise , if the values of biological impedance are found to be out of the range , either hand skin is supposed to have been untouched rightly on the electrodes on which it must be put . as seen from fig4 the user uses his thumbs in changing some pieces of physical information already registered , and then , he must take at least one of both thumbs off from the voltage measuring electrode , resulting in the value of biological impedance departing apart from the prescribed range . continuous measurement of biological impedance reveals that the user is changing the registered value of his weight , and then , the display device continues to show the registered value of weight . thus , the user can compare the present weight with the registered one until the value of biological impedance has been stable in measurement . when the measured value of biological impedance is found to be stable at step s 40 , and when the measured value is found to remain within the 300 - to - 1400 ohm range at step s 41 , the user is supposed to put his fingers on the electrodes , indicating his desire for measurement of biological impedance . thus , some words , such as “ measurement continued ” appear in the display 4 . the body fat percentage is calculated from the measured value of biological impedance and some pieces of physical information retrieved from the memory , such as the sex , the height and the ( amended ) weight ( step s 42 ). the body fat percentage thus calculated is shown in the display 4 ( step s 43 ), and it will disappear from the display 4 in a given length of time , thus completing all measurements ( step s 44 ). referring to fig5 another hand - held type of body fat percentage gauge 1 which is modified according to the present invention has , on its front surface , a variable selector switch 9 in addition to those appearing in fig1 . the variable selector switch 9 can be used in selecting the piece of information to be changed while the gauge is standing by for measurement . conveniently some pieces of information which are required often for renewal , such as weight or height can be readily selected for access . referring to fig6 the electric circuit arrangement similar to that shown in fig2 has such variable selector switch 9 connected to the arithmetic and control unit ( cpu ) 17 . referring to fig7 a , 7 b and 7 c , a series of actions taken by the body fat percentage gauge when being set up appear in fig7 a and 7b , and are same as in fig3 a and 3b . the description of the “ set up ” actions is omitted . as described above , all pieces of physical information pertaining to the individual are registered , and the individual data setting mode is finished . then , another series of actions taken by the gauge when measuring the body fat percentage ( see fig7 c ) start . if the registration push button 6 is not depressed at step s 1 , a check is made as to whether or not either push button for measurement 5 a or 5 b has been depressed ( step s 27 ). in the negative case the proceeding returns to step s 1 . the body fat percentage gauge remains dormant until either measurement push button 5 a or 5 b has been depressed . contrary , if the registration push button 6 is found to have been depressed at step s 27 , the identification number “ n ” pertaining to the depressed measurement push button is allowed to appear in the display 4 ( step s 28 ), so that the sex , the height and the weight of the individual thus identified in terms of identification number “ n ” are retrieved from the memory ( step s 29 ). the so retrieved sex , height and weight are allowed to appear one after another in the display 4 ( step s 30 ). here , it is checked on which side the variable selector switch 9 is shifted , “ w ” or “ h ” ( step s 31 ). if it is shifted to “ w ”, the display 4 continues to show the weight ( step s 32 ). contrary if it is shifted to “ h ”, the display 4 continues to show the height ( step s 33 ). then , the body fat rate gauge 1 is put in the measurement - permitting condition , allowing the display 4 to continue to show the piece of physical information selected at step s 31 . this continuous display informs the user of the permissibility of changing the displayed value on demand ( step s 34 ). here , a check is made as to whether or not either scroll push button 7 or 8 has been depressed ( step s 35 ). in the affirmative case the amended value is shown in the display 4 ( step s 36 ). a check is made as to whether or not the registration push button 6 has been depressed ( step s 37 ). thus , the user is being asked whether the amended and displayed value can be registered . in the negative case a check is made as to whether or not either scroll push button 7 or 8 has been depressed ( step s 38 ). if either scroll push button 7 or 8 is depressed , the proceeding is allowed to return to step s 36 for renewal of the displayed value . otherwise , the proceeding is allowed to return to step s 37 to confirm that the present value should be registered . depression of the registration push button 6 at step 37 allows the memory to store the amended value , and then the preceding returns to step s 28 ( step s 39 ). if either scroll push button 7 or 8 is not depressed for renewal of values at step 35 , a biological impedance is calculated ( step s 40 ). the calculation is repeated several times within a relatively short time , and a check is made as to whether or not the so determined values of biological impedance remain within a certain range ( step s 41 ). if the so determined values of biological impedance are found to be unstable , increasing or decreasing beyond the certain range , the proceeding returns to step s 31 where which side the switch 9 is turned is checked . when the so determined values of biological impedance are found to be stable , it is checked whether these values remain within the range from 300 to 1 , 400 ω ( step s 42 ). the values of biological impedance appearing between both hands of children and adults remain in the range from 300 to 1 , 400 ω . if the measurement is effected with both hand skins touched on the electrodes , the values of biological impedance must remain within the range . stated otherwise , if the values of biological impedance are found to be out of the range , either hand skin is supposed to have been untouched rightly on the electrodes on which it must be put . as described earlier , the user uses his thumbs in changing some pieces of physical information already registered , and then , he must take at least one of both thumbs off from the voltage measuring electrode , resulting in the value of biological impedance departing apart from the prescribed range . continuous measurement of biological impedance reveals that the user is changing the registered value of his weight , and then , the display device continues to show the registered value of weight . thus , the user can compare the present weight with the registered one until the value of biological impedance has been stable in measurement . when the measured value of biological impedance is found to be stable at step s 41 , and when the measured value is found to remain within the 300 - to - 1400 ohm range at step s 42 , the user is supposed to put his fingers on the electrodes , indicating his desire for measurement of biological impedance . thus , some words , such as “ measurement continued ” appear in the display 4 . the body fat percentage is calculated from the measured value of biological impedance and some pieces of physical information retrieved from the memory , such as the sex , the height and the ( amended ) weight ( step s 43 ). the body fat percentage thus calculated is shown in the display 4 ( step s 44 ), and it will disappear from the display 4 in a given length of time , thus completing all measurements ( step s 45 ). the biological impedance appearing between both hands is described as remaining in the range from 300 to 1400 ω , but such range should not be understood to be limitative . the body fat percentage determined from the biological impedance and some pieces of physical information as described above is the rate of the fat volume to the whole volume of the individual body . the body fat percentage may be given in terms of percentage by weight . some push switch buttons 5 to 8 are used to perform different functions allotted thereto , but cross - shaped switches may be used without substantially altering the circuit structure of the body fat percentage gauge . the body fat percentage gauge is described as permitting pieces of physical information to be registered for two persons . specifically it has two push buttons for measurement allotted to two persons . of course , the number of the push buttons for measurement can be three or more . the variable selector switch 9 is described as being capable of making a selection between two pieces of physical information , that is , height and weight . this should not be understood as limitative , and a desired selection can be made among three or more pieces of information . the present invention is described as being applied to a hand - held type of body fat percentage gauge , but it can be equally applied to a weight scale - like body fat percentage gauge , which is so designed as to measure the body fat percentage from the biological impedance appearing between both feet . while a user is changing a selected piece of physical information already registered , he must change his posture , as for instance follows : he crouches down or sits down to handle the console or he raise the whole gauge up . in any event his feet are taken away or displaced from the electrodes on the weight scale - like object , thus causing the value of biological impedance to be unstable . such unstable condition can be detected as being indicative of the user &# 39 ; s changing some selected variables such as age or height stored in the memory if the weight scale type of body fat percentage gauge is modified according to the present invention . apparatuses for measuring blood pressure , pulsation or heartbeat as indicative of health include sensors to be applied to individual bodies for measurement . such and other apparatuses performing required measurements by applying their sensors to the skin of the individual can be so modified according to the present invention that the unstable condition may be detected as being indicative of the user &# 39 ; s changing some selected variables , and that some selected pieces of physical information may be changed exclusively with ease . the object whose characteristic value is measured need not be limited to human beings . in measuring some characteristics of a non - living object a decision as to whether or not the measurement is continued can be made from appearance of unusual values of such characteristics according to the present invention . thus , the present invention can be applied to not only the health indicators but also a variety of measuring apparatuses . as may be understood from the above , a measuring apparatus according to the present invention facilitates the changing of any selected pieces of information already registered in the memory without the necessity of repeating the recording of the other registered pieces of information . accordingly the operability of the measuring apparatus is improved . a health indicator to which the present invention is applied facilitates renewal of any pieces of physical information without the necessity of repeating the recording of the other registered pieces of physical information . exclusive renewal of selected variables , which are registered in the memory , and are often required to be renewed , is permitted , and accordingly the operability of the gauge is improved . specifically a body fat percentage measuring apparatus to which the present invention is applied permits exclusive renewal of weight without the necessity of repeating the recording of the other registered pieces of unchangeable or least changeable information , such as sex or age . this faculty provides a significant convenience in dieting or physically training ; one &# 39 ; s weight is likely to vary almost every day . different pieces of information which are supposed to be often required for renewal are selected beforehand among those registered in the memory , and one of the so selected variables can be selected for renewal to meet the demand while the gauge is put in condition for measurement . this improves the operability of the gauge in case that two or more variables are equally often changeable and that only one variable is required for renewal for each measurement .
disclosed is an improvement in a measuring apparatus comprising : an inputting device including an inputting - and - setting switch for inputting and recording a plurality of pieces of information , data - modifying switches for changing a selected one or ones of the plurality of pieces of information and a measurement starting switch for starting measurement of a certain characteristic of an object ; a measuring device for measuring the certain characteristic of the object ; a memory device for storing the plurality of pieces of information inputted by the inputting device ; an arithmetic and control unit for determining a required indicia from the certain characteristic of the object and from the plurality of pieces of information ; and a display for showing the plurality of pieces of information and the so determined indicia . the arithmetic and control unit is responsive to depression of the data - modifying switches subsequent to depression of the measurement starting switch for putting the measuring apparatus in its inputting state , thereby permitting alteration of a selected one of the plurality of pieces of information . renewal of often changeable variables selected among those stored in the memory is permitted without the necessity of repeating the inputting and recording of the other data . such exclusive renewal improves significantly the operability of such measuring apparatus .