referring to fig1 , a perspective view of an exemplary assembled root resurfacing attachment according to principles of the invention is provided . shaft 145 comprises a part of a gasoline powered landscaping edger , such as , for example , the exemplary edger shown in fig2 . an engine 710 causes a cable or drive shaft that extends through the shaft 145 to rotate . rotation of the cable or drive shaft powers a gear box or transmission 101 , which causes a spindle 102 ( fig3 ) to rotate . rotation of the spindle 102 typically drives a rotating blade used to edge a lawn . however , in accordance with the invention , the blade is removed from the spindle 102 . a root resurfacing attachment according to principles of the invention is attached to the spindle 102 , as discussed below . a root resurfacing attachment 100 according to principles of the invention comprises a plurality of parallel spaced apart chainsaw chains 107 - 113 ( hereinafter “ cutting chains ” or “ chains ”) mounted on a unidirectional rotating hub 105 . the hub 105 and chains 107 - 113 are discussed in greater detail below . an end cap 120 , retaining washer 115 , bolt 117 and bushing 175 secure the hub and chain assembly to the spindle 102 . a debris shield assembly comprises a shroud 130 that partially surrounds the top and side of the hub 105 and chains 107 - 113 facing the user to block debris . the shield assembly includes a flexible skirt 125 extends from the bottom of the shield assembly 130 . the skirt 125 helps prevent debris from passing beneath the shroud 130 . a plurality of attachments , such as screws , rivets , or nuts and bolts 126 - 128 secure the skirt 125 to the shroud 130 . an arm 140 attaches the shroud to the shaft 145 . fig2 is another perspective view of an exemplary assembled root resurfacing attachment according to principles of the invention . in fig2 , the side of the exemplary debris shield assembly that faces the user is clearly shown . additionally , a one - piece arm 140 clamps onto shaft 145 and attaches to a collar 150 on the shroud 130 . the attachment at the collar 150 may be mechanical , such as a screw , rivet , weld , nut and bolt , or a snap - fit connection , or chemical , such as epoxy or other cement or bonding agent . the clamp at the shaft 145 comprises a forked end with a channel sized to receive the shaft 145 . the prongs of the forked end are urged together for clamping by tightening a wing bolt 155 and nut 156 ( fig3 ). fig3 is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary root resurfacing attachment according to principles of the invention . the gearbox or transmission 101 and spindle 102 of the edger are shown . the spindle 102 is a male threaded spindle . a washer 180 or goes between the spindle and bushing 175 . the bushing 175 is a noncircular cross - section ( e . g ., hexagonal ) sleeve with a female threaded central channel . the threads mate with the threads of the spindle 102 . the bushing 175 fits into a correspondingly shaped central channel in the inboard end of the hub 165 . a flange 160 defines the inboard end of the hub 165 . a plurality of parallel endless cutting chains 107 - 113 are slid onto the hub 165 from the outboard end 170 . each chain is separated from an adjacent chain by a spacer 161 - 172 . the inner diameter of each spacer 161 - 172 is about the outer diameter of the hub 165 so that each spacer 161 - 172 may slide onto the hub 165 . the outer diameter of each spacer 161 - 172 is less than the outer diameter of each circular chain loop 107 - 113 so that the spacers 161 - 172 do not interfere with cutting . the width of each spacer 161 - 172 is greater than the width of the horizontal cutting edge of the cutting surfaces of cutting teeth of each circular chain loop 107 - 113 . thus , the spacers 161 - 172 prevent interference between adjacent cutting chains . an end cap 120 , retaining washer 115 , bolt 117 and bushing 175 secure the hub and chain assembly to the spindle 102 . the bolt 117 extends through the central channel of the hub 165 and threads into the central channel of the bushing 175 . the retaining washer 115 and bushing 175 secure the chains 107 - 113 and spacers 161 - 172 on the hub 165 . referring now to fig4 another perspective view of an exemplary assembled root resurfacing attachment according to principles of the invention is provided . the spaced apart , parallel , equal diameter cutting chains separated by spacers are visible in this view . referring to fig2 , the parallel cutting chains 107 - 113 may be positioned with opposed cutting surfaces 230 , 231 being aligned but separated . fig5 provides a profile view of an exemplary endless chainsaw chain 107 ( i . e ., a cutting chain ) for a root resurfacing attachment according to principles of the invention . an exemplary link 200 and a plurality of exemplary links are shown in fig6 and 7 . referring to fig6 , a link , particularly , a right hand cutter is shown . the cutting chain has left - and right - hand cutters so that the chain will cut evenly through the wood . the right hand cutter 200 includes a top plate 230 ( i . e ., a cutting surface ), cutting corner 235 , heel 245 , gullet 220 , side plate 225 , depth gauge 215 , toe 240 , and rivet holes 205 , 210 . the depth gauge 215 , also referred to as a raker , determines the depth of the cut . with reference to fig7 , mating preset tie straps 325 , 330 , 340 , 345 , mate with tie straps 335 , 350 or right or left cutters 200 , 300 . a plurality of drive links 305 , 308 , 310 , 315 , 320 are disposed between the mated links . the tie straps hold the parts of the saw chain together . the fin 308 of each drive link fits in a groove in the hub 165 so the hub 165 can drive the chain 107 - 113 . any of various chain cutter sequences may be used , such as , but not limited to , left - hand cutter , tie strap , right - hand cutter , tie strap , left - hand cutter , tie strap , right - hand cutter , for the length of the chain . alternatively the sequence may be left - hand cutter , two tie straps , right - hand cutter , one tie strap , left - hand cutter , two tie straps , right - hand cutter , one tie strap , and left - hand cutter , for the length of the chain . another non - limiting example is a cutter sequence of left - hand cutter , two tie straps , right - hand cutter , two tie straps , for the length of the chain . fig8 is an outboard view of an exemplary drive hub 165 for a root resurfacing attachment according to principles of the invention . fig1 and 11 provide side and perspective views of an exemplary drive hub for a root resurfacing attachment according to principles of the invention . the drive hub 165 includes a flange 160 . a central channel 415 extends through the outboard end of the hub 165 to a central aperture ( i . e ., bushing aperture ) 420 shaped to receive the noncircular bushing 175 , as shown in the section view of fig9 . the noncircular ( i . e ., hexagonal ) configuration of the bushing aperture is also shown in fig1 . a plurality of ribs 410 extend radially . the fin 308 of each drive link 305 , 308 , 310 , 315 , 320 fits in a groove in the hub 165 so the hub 165 can drive the chain 107 - 113 . as the fin 308 and v - groove 412 are correspondingly curved , the fin 308 mates with the v - groove 412 in one direction only . this arrangement makes the hub and chain unidirectional so that the cutting links lead with their cutting edges in the direction of rotation . this unidirectional configuration prevents mounting the chain backwards . referring now to fig1 , a perspective view of an exemplary chain spacer washer for a root resurfacing attachment according to principles of the invention is shown . the inner diameter d i of the spacer 161 is about the outer diameter of the hub 165 so that the spacer 161 may slide onto the hub 165 . the outer diameter d o of the spacer 161 is less than the outer diameter of each circular chain loop 107 - 113 so that the spacer 161 does not interfere with cutting . the width w of the spacer 161 is greater than the width of the horizontal cutting edge of the cutting surfaces of cutting teeth of each circular chain loop 107 - 113 . thus , the spacer 161 prevents interference between adjacent cutting chains . fig1 is a perspective view of an exemplary drive shaft adapter ( i . e ., bushing ) 175 for a root resurfacing attachment according to principles of the invention . the bushing 175 is a noncircular cross - section ( e . g ., hexagonal ) sleeve with a female threaded central channel 178 . the threads mate with the threads of the spindle 102 . the bushing 175 fits into a correspondingly shaped central channel 420 in the flanged inboard end 160 of the hub 165 ( fig9 and 12 ). the end cap 120 , retaining washer 115 ( fig1 ), bolt 117 and bushing 175 secure the hub and chain assembly to the spindle 102 . the bolt 117 extends through the central channel of the hub 165 and threads into the central channel of the bushing 175 . the retaining washer 115 and bushing 175 secure the chains 107 - 113 and spacers 161 - 172 on the hub 165 , by preventing them from sliding off the outboard end . together , the retaining washer 115 and end cap 120 provide a removable outboard flange assembly that has an outer diameter greater than that of the hub 165 , but less than the outer diameter of the chains , and prevents removal or dislodgment of the chains and spacers retained on the hub 165 , without interfering with cutting action . fig1 provides a perspective view of an exemplary shield assembly 500 for a root resurfacing attachment according to principles of the invention . this shield includes a base 505 and a flexible cover 520 , which covers the downwardly curved portion of the shield assembly 500 . a pair of spaced apart mounting holes are provided . the shield 500 is shown mounted to a weed trimmer in fig2 . a mounting arm assembly as shown in fig1 , is comprised of a clamp 540 ( fig1 ) and a pivoting extension arm 525 ( fig1 ) that attaches the shield assembly 500 to the shaft 145 , as also shown in fig2 . the clamp 540 grabs onto shaft 145 . the clamp 540 comprises opposed forked ends , each with a pair of prongs 550 , 552 defining a channel sized to receive the shaft 145 at one end and a pair of prongs 544 , 546 defining a channel sized to receive a tenon 536 extending from the arm 525 . a wing bolt 155 extends through holes 554 , 556 in the shaft fork and a nut 156 allows tightening for clamping , as illustrated in ( fig3 ). a screw extends through the holes 534 , 546 , 548 in the tenon 536 and arm fork 542 , 544 . a nut tightens the screw in place and resists pivoting . the joint thus created , when loose , pivots about the axis defined by the screw . the arm attaches to the base 505 of the shield 500 using screws that extend through the elongated slot and the holes 510 , 515 in the base of the shield 500 . fig2 and 21 provide perspective and outboard views of another exemplary drive hub 600 for a root resurfacing attachment according to principles of the invention . the drive hub 600 includes an inboard flange 615 . a central channel 605 extends through the outboard end of the hub 600 to a central aperture ( i . e ., bushing aperture ) 635 shaped to receive the noncircular bushing 175 , as shown in the section view of fig9 . a plurality of ribs 630 extend radially . the fin 308 of each drive link 305 , 308 , 310 , 315 , 320 fits in a groove 620 in the hub 600 so the hub 600 can drive the chain 107 - 113 . a rounded protuberance 625 has a radius of curvature that corresponds to the radius of curvature of the fin 308 of each drive link 305 , 308 , 310 , 315 , 320 . as the fin 308 and v - groove 620 and protuberance 625 are correspondingly curved , the fin 308 mates with the v - groove 620 and protuberance 625 in one direction only . this arrangement makes the hub and chain unidirectional so that the cutting links lead with their cutting edges in the direction of rotation . this unidirectional configuration prevents mounting the chain backwards . fig2 is a perspective view of an exemplary resurfacing attachment according to principles of the invention attached to a gasoline powered edger and being used by a worker 700 . shaft 145 comprises a part of a gasoline powered landscaping edge . an engine 710 causes a cable or drive shaft that extends through the shaft 145 to rotate . rotation of the cable or drive shaft powers a gear box or transmission 101 , which causes a spindle 102 ( fig3 ) to rotate . rotation of the spindle 102 typically drives a rotating blade used to edge a lawn . however , in accordance with the invention , the blade is removed from the spindle 102 . a root resurfacing attachment 100 according to principles of the invention is attached to the spindle 102 , as discussed below . while an exemplary embodiment of the invention has been described , it should be apparent that modifications and variations thereto are possible , all of which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention . with respect to the above description then , it is to be realized that the optimum relationships for the components and steps of the invention , including variations in order , form , content , function and manner of operation , are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art , and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention . the above description and drawings are illustrative of modifications that can be made without departing from the present invention , the scope of which is to be limited only by the following claims . therefore , the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention . further , since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art , it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described , and accordingly , all suitable modifications and equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as claimed .
a rotating cutting head includes multiple , separate , spaced - apart , parallel loops of chainsaw chains positioned around a central hub . the hub is attached to a spindle of a lawn edger . a safety shield is provided adjacent to the rotating cutting head . as the cutting head rotates , the chainsaw chains cut the tree roots . the rotating cutting head is used for resurfacing exposed tree roots to avoid tripping hazards and tree root strike damage to residential and commercial lawn maintenance equipment .