the unit 10 , shown in fig1 is the vaginal access version of the exerciser . the rearward portion 12 houses an operating battery and the electronic circuitry . depicted in fig4 . it is approximately 5 cm in diameter and 7 cm long . the forward portion 14 is about 21 / 2 cm in diameter and 11 cm long . except for metal surfaces which are exposed at the rear face of the instrument , and the metal rings 16 and 18 which encompass the forward end 14 of the unit , the exterior of the instrument ( its casing ) is formed of the non - toxic plastic which is readily cleaned . when the instrument is being used a potential difference appears between the metallic rings 16 and 18 . current flowing between the rings through a path formed by the muscle tissue induces the muscle to contract . in this preferred embodiment , the rings are about 2 cm wide and are spaced approximately 1 / 2 apart . the instrument shown in fig2 is the rectal access unit . except that its forward ringed portion 40 is only about 1 cm in diameter , the two instruments are the same . at the rearward end of the units , as best shown in fig3 the surface is divided into three metallic areas designated 20 , 22 and 24 , respectively . the areas 20 and 22 are electrically insulated from one another by a bar 26 of insulating material that extends between them and , at the margins of the case , by the plastic of the wall 12 . similarly , areas 22 and 24 are electrically insulated one from the other by a bar 28 of insulating material and , at the margins of the instrument , by the non - conducting plastic wall 12 . placing a finger so that it bridges the bar 26 and touches the areas 20 and 22 simultaneously results in a switching action to be described later . bridging the insulating bar 28 by placing a finger so that it touches both the regions 22 and 24 accomplishes a different switching action . it , too , will be explained below in connection with the description of operation of fig4 . a small protrusion , or boss , 30 which extends rearwardly from the surface 20 distinguishes surface 20 from surface 24 which has two such protrusions , or bosses , numbered 32 and 34 respectively . the user , by feeling those protrusions , can determine which of the two switch actions is being accomplished when the insulating bars are bridged . in the embodiment selected for illustration here , bridging the insulating bar 26 by contacting the metal surfaces 20 and 22 simultaneously has the effect of switching the internal circuitry in a direction to decrease energy flow to the muscle whereto to decrease the degree of its contraction . conversely , touching the metal areas 22 and 24 simultaneously results in a switching action that increases the amount of energy flow between the rings 16 and 18 . the amount of energy available to flow through the muscle , between the rings , can be increased in a series of fifteen steps , and , similarly , can be reduced through a series of fifteen steps . the rings 16 and 18 serve not only to supply energy to the muscle to be exercised , but serve also to sense when the instrument has been positioned in the body cavity . removed from use , the resistance between the rings is very high . when the instrument is in place , the tissue overlying the rings presents a reduced resistance . the instrument senses that and turns on that portion of the instrument which supplies the contraction inducing energy to the rings . inserting the instrument into the body cavity is said to turn the instrument on . removing it from the cavity will return the instrument off . that portion of the electronic circuitry which controls the amount of energy that is supplied to the metal rings is not turned off . because of that , the energy level to be supplied at the rings can be preset without turning the instrument on . moreover , the instrument will remember the setting , whether the energy delivery portion of the unit is turned on or off . maximum contraction of the muscles is achieved with an energy level so low that no safety hazard is imposed . to ensure that no failure can result in the release of a harmful amount of energy , the preferred embodiment uses rechargeable batteries which are permanently installed . the use of cmos or similar solid state technology results in quiescent current drains that are miniscule . it is practical and , in the preferred embodiment , the battery is built in and need not and cannot be changed by the user . it has been discovered that the optimum period for maintaining contraction is about two seconds , followed by a two - second period of relaxation . below 13 / 4 seconds , the exercise is less beneficial , and above 21 / 4 seconds , it tends to become tiring when continued for more than a few minutes . experimentation has demonstrated that a pulse cycle in which the off and on times are substantially equal provides the best result and is the least tiring . contraction and relaxation are not instantaneous . if the off period is too short , the muscle will not be fully relaxed , and the exercising will be both less effective and will be tiring . when the off period is extended much beyond two seconds , the exercise period becomes unduly protracted . it has been discovered that the optimum number of cycles in an exercise period is approximately 250 cycles . that is conveniently close to the binary number 256 , and this preferred embodiment is arranged so that it will turn off automatically after having completed an exercise program of 256 cycles . it has also been discovered that the muscle contraction and relaxation times are sufficiently slow so that it is not necessary that energy be supplied continuously to the rings 16 and 18 during the on portion of the pulse cycle . the invention takes advantage of that fact by forming the two - second on pulse as a series of higher frequency pulses . pulse amplitude is not changed . instead , the energy in the two - second pulse is varied wherby to control the degree of muscle of contraction by altering the relative on and off times of the higher frequency pulses that form the two - second on pulse . a preferred circuit form by which these several features of the invention may be accomplished is depicted in fig4 . in addition to the metal energizing rings 16 and 18 , and the intensity control surfaces 20 , 22 and 24 , the circuit diagram depicted in fig4 includes a combined clock and counter unit 50 , a comparator 54 , an up / down counter 56 , a counter 58 , a four - input and gate 60 , another four - input and gate 62 , a four - input nor gate 64 , an or gate 66 , another or gate 68 , a nor gate 70 , a field effect switching transistor 72 , an inverter of the kind that is subject to internal hysteresis 74 , a similar inverter 76 , an iron core inductor 78 , and a number of additional circuit elements . at the upper left , in fig4 resistors 80 and 82 and capacitor 84 are connected from a common point to pins 11 , 10 and 9 , respectively , of the clock counter unit 50 . those three elements determine the operating frequency of the internal clock of unit 50 . pins 8 and 16 are connected to ground and positive supply potential , respectively . the reset pin 12 of the clock counter 50 is connected to the output of or gate 68 . pins 13 and 14 are connected to two of the inputs of and gate 60 . a third input of the and gate is connected to the output of or gate 66 , the two inputs of which are connected to pins 12 and 3 , respectively , of the comparator 54 . pins 7 , 5 , 4 and 6 of the clock counter 50 are connected to pins 10 , 7 , 2 and 15 , respectively , of the comparator 54 . pin 16 of the comparator is connected to the positive supply line , and pin 8 is connected ro ground . the output of the clock counter 50 appears at pin 3 which is connected to pin 10 of counter 58 . pin 16 and 8 of the latter are connected to the positive supply line and to ground , respectively . pin 5 of counter 58 is connected to the fourth input of the and gate 60 . the output of that gate is applied to the gate of the field effect transistor 72 . the upper input of or gate 68 is connected to pin 1 of counter 58 . pin 11 of the counter is connected to the lower input of or gate 68 . it is connected through a capacitor 86 to the positive supply line and through a resistor 88 to the output of nor gate 70 . that nor gate has four inputs tied together in pairs . one pair is connected to pin 5 of counter 58 . the other pair is connected through a resistor 90 to the contact ring 18 and to ground through the parallel combination of a resistor 92 and a diode 94 . the drain of transistor 72 is connected to energizing ring through capacitor 98 and to one end of the iron core coil 78 . the other end of the coil is connected through a capacitor 96 to ground , to the positive supply line and to the energizing ring 16 . a discharge resistor 100 is connected in parallel with the core 78 . the circuit thus far described generates and supplies the contraction inducing energy to the rings 16 and 18 . it senses and turns on the energizing section upon insertion , and it senses and rurns off the energizing section upon removal of the instrument . the remainder of the circuit is devoted to control of the level of energy supplied to the energizing rings 16 and 18 . the energy level control system includes connections from pins 11 , 9 , 1 and 14 of the comparator 54 to pins 3 , 2 , 6 and 7 , respectively , of the up / down counter 56 . pins 11 and 16 of the latter are connected to the positive supply line . pins 8 , 15 , 1 , 10 , 9 and 14 are connected together to ground and the negative side of the supply source . the output of or gate 104 is connected to count up pin 5 of the counter 56 . the output of or gate 106 is connected to the count down pin 4 . one input of the or gate 104 is connected to the intensity control surface 24 through the series combination of inverter 74 , resistor 108 , and a diode 110 . one input of gate 106 is connected to the intensity control surface 20 through the series combination of the inverter 76 , a resistor 112 , and a diode 114 . the junction between the inverter 74 and resistor 108 is connected to ground through the parallel combination of a capacitor 116 and a resistor 118 . on the down side , the junction between the inverter 76 and resistor 112 is connected to ground through the parallel combination of a capacitor 120 and a resistor 122 . the four pins 3 , 2 , 6 and 7 of the up / down counter 56 are connected to the four input of nor gate 64 and to the four inputs of and gate 62 . the output of and gate 62 is connected to the other input of or gate 104 , and the output of the nor gate 64 is connected to the other input of or gate 106 . the bartery is designated by the reference numeral 124 , and it is connected between the positive supply line and ground . the common control surface 22 is connected to the positive supply line . in the preferred embodiment of the invention , the clock counter 50 is an integrated circuit type cd4060cbm . counter 58 is an integrated circuit type mc14040b . the comparator is an integrated circuit type 74c85 . the up / down counter 56 is an integrated circuit type cd401938c . gate 60 is one half , and gate 62 is the other half of an integrated circuit type mc14082b . nor gates 64 and 70 are packaged together in an integrated circuit type cd40028c . or gates 66 , 68 , 104 and 106 are packaged together in an integrated circuit type mc14071b . the rwo inverters 74 and 76 are two of six that are packaged together in an integrated circuit type 74c914 . the transistor is type vn10km . the resistors and capacitors in the circuit have the following values : ______________________________________resistor value capacitor value______________________________________ 80 300 k ohms 84 47 pf 82 100 k ohms 86 . 01 mfd 88 1 meg ohm 96 47 mfd 90 100 k ohms 98 1 mfd 92 47 k ohms 116 1000 pf100 510 k ohms 120 1000 pf108 100 k ohms112 100 k ohms118 15 meg ohms112 15 meg ohms______________________________________ the battery 124 supplies a porential of 9 volts . in the preferred form of the invention , the battery is rechargeable , and it can be recharged by connecring the charger across the excitation rings 16 and 18 . ring 16 is connected to the positive supply line . the other ring 18 is connected to the cathode of diode 94 whose annode is connected to ground . when the external battery charger is connected across rings 16 and 18 , the diode 94 will be forward biased and will permit charging current to flow into the battery . the potential from ring 18 to ground will be the forward voltage drop across the diode 94 . that voltage drop applied through resistor 90 to gate 70 will maintain the gate input at a logic low to ensure that the clock in clock counter 50 will not generate pulses during charging of the battery . when the instrument is in operation , a high at the output of and gate 60 , being applied to the gate of the transistor 72 , will cause the transistor to be turned on for the period of the output pulse . current from the positive supply line flows through the inductor 78 and the transistor 72 . during the period of conduction , energy will be stored in the field surrounding the inductor . at the end of the pulse that field will collapse , generating a counter - electromotive force in the inductor coil . the transistor 72 having been rendered non - conductive , the energy of the coil is discharged through the circuit formed by capacitor 98 and the resistance of the tissue that bridges energization rings 16 and 18 . in this embodiment , the muscle contraction period is to be two seconds long , followed by a relaxation period of two seconds . the contraction energy is furnished in a series of fifteen pulses which are counted by counter 58 . in this embodiment , the muscle exercise program continues through 256 muscle contractions and then stops . operation is initiated when the energizing rings are bridged by tissue . the circuit having been initiated , a series of fifteen pulses will appear at the output of gate 60 followed by a period equal to the duration of fifteen pulses when the output of gate 60 will remain low . in this embodiment , two seconds will have elapsed during the generation of the fifteen high signals at the o tput of gate 60 . that is followed by a two - second period in which the output of gate 60 remains low . that cycle of operation will be repeated 265 times , the count being made in counter 58 . the frequency of the pulses is controlled by the clock in clock counter 50 , a : d in this embodiment is 32 khz . the magnitude of high signal at the output of gate 60 does not change . what does change to vary the amount of energy supplied to the tissue bridging the excitation rings 16 and 18 is the width of the outpur pulses at gate 60 . pulse width is controlled by a combination of up / down counter 56 and the comparator 54 . the and gate 60 has four inputs . two are connected to pins 13 and 14 of the clock counter 50 . these inputs determine the period of the output pulses from the and gate 60 . that period is determined by clock frequency and the counter serving as a divider . the duration of that portion of the period over which the and gate is turned on is determined by the output of or gate 66 . a digital number from 1 to 15 is applied by the up / down counter 56 to pins 11 , 9 , 1 and 14 of the comparator unit 54 . that digital number is compared with the current count in counter 50 which appears on pins 7 , 5 , 4 and 6 . as long as the current count is equal to or less than the digital number applied by the up / down counter 56 , the or gate 56 will be turned on , but when the current count exceeds that number , it will be turned off . by changing the digital number applied to pins 11 , 9 , 1 and 14 , the length of the pulse on period is changed . fifteen different numbers can be applied by the four lines that connect to those pins so that it is pos -- ible to alter the width of the or gate 66 output in fifteen steps . the higher the digital number , the greater the width of the or gate output pulse . the up / down counter 56 is not connected to the clock . it will count up one for each pulse that is applied to the count up input at pin 5 , and it will count down one pulse for each input that is applied at the count down input at pin 4 . the count signal in each case is applied through an or gate , or gate 104 in the case of pin 5 and or gate 106 in the case of pin 4 . the digital number that is applied to the comparator unit 54 appears at pins 3 , 2 , 6 and 7 of the up / down counter . the signal it each of those pins is applied to an associated one of the inputs of and gate 62 . when the count goes full , so that all of the gate inputs are high , the output of gate 62 will go high whereupon the output of or gate 104 will go high whereupon pin 5 of the up / down counter will go high , and furrher up counting will be prevented . pins 3 , 2 , 6 and 7 of the up / down counter are also connected to the four inputs of the nor gate 64 the output of which goes high when the up / down counter count is reduced to zero . when the output of the nor gate goes high , a high will be applied to one of the inputs of or gate 106 , and the output of that or gate and pin 4 will go high so that further down counting will be prevented . in input signal to the up counter pin 5 is applied by simultaneously touching the intensity control surfaces 22 and 24 . doing that will apply a positive voltage through the resistance , or dielectric , of the user &# 39 ; s finger to the diode 110 and resistance 108 and the inverter 74 , to the other input of or gate 104 . applying the positive signal to the input of gate 74 results in a low at its output . unless the count is full , and the and gate output is high , applying a low to the input of gate 104 will result in a low being applied to up count input 5 , and the counter will advance one digital number . on the other hand , if the intensity control surfaces 22 and 20 are bridged by the user &# 39 ; s finger a positive signal will be applied to the input of inverter 76 through rhe combination of diode 114 and resistor 112 . that will result in a low appearing at the output of the inverter and a low being applied to the input of or gate 106 . if the other input is low because the output number of the up / down counter is other than zero , then the output of the or gare 106 will be low and that low , applied to pin 4 , will result in a down count of one digital number . when the instrumenr is not in use , when the excitation rings 16 and 18 are not bridged by the resistance of tissue , the ring 18 will be at a low potential . that low will be applied to the input of nor gate 70 through resistor 90 . initially , the counter 58 will be reset so that a low is also applied from pin 5 at counter 58 to the other input of nor gate 70 . in that circumstance , the output of the nor gate 70 is a high , and that high , applied through resistor 88 to the reset pin 11 of counter 58 and to the upper input of or gate 68 and , consequently , a high signal at the reset input 12 of clock counter 50 , will result in both of the counters held in the reset condition . in that condition , the clock in unit 50 is stopped and , because these devices use the cmos or other construction in which the quiescent current drain is negligible , virtually no power is consumed in the system . if the excitation rings 16 and 18 are bridged by a tissue , a voltage divider will be formed in the circuit that extends from the positive supply line through ring 16 , the tissue , ring 18 , and resistor 92 to ground . the effect of that will be to list the potential of ring 18 to the point at which it represents a logic high when applied to the upper input of nor gate 70 through resistance 90 . when that occurs , the output of the nor gate will go low , and that signal , applied through resistor 88 to the reset pin 11 of counter 58 , will enable that counter . the low output of the nor gate is also applied through the resistor 88 to the upper input of or gate 68 whereupon the output of the or gate 68 will go low to enable the clock counter 50 , and the operation previously described will be initiated and continue . it will continue until the counter 58 reaches full count at the digital number 256 , in this embodiment . at that point , the output at pin 1 of counter 58 will go high . that output is applied to the lower input of or gate 68 and will be applied to the reset pin 12 of the clock counter 50 whereupon the clock will stop and the system will return to quiescense . it will remain in the quiescent state until the resistance bridge across rings 16 and 18 is removed and the upper input of the nor gate 70 is returned to a logic low . a provision is incorporated which forces the operation to continue , notwithstanding removal of the bridge across rings 16 and 18 until the fifteen counts of the current two - second energizing pulse period has ended . pin 5 of counter 58 is connected to one of the inputs of and gate 60 and is also connected to the lower input of the nor gate 70 . until the count reaches 15 , the output of pin 5 will remain high to permit output pulsing at gate 60 , and it will maintain the lower input of nor gate 70 high so that the output of the nor gate is a low and resetting of the counter 58 and the clock counter 50 is prevented until the count reaches 15 . the invention and apparatus which embodies the invention incorporate some , or all , of the features in the following list which is not , and is not intended to be , exhaustive . ( 1 ) a total exercise program can be incorporated in the instrument . ( 3 ) intensity change can be made at any time whether or not the instrument is in use . ( 5 ) the instrument automatically reverts to quiescent state when removed from use , and &# 34 ; wakes up &# 34 ; to full power and remembered intensity level , automatically , when placed in use . ( 10 ) intensity change is possible without change in duration of contraction time or signal processing potentials . ( 13 ) physician can prescribe a specific program in quantitative terms which both physician and patient understand , and which the patient can follow . ( 14 ) electronic design configuration requires no temperature compensation or bubble or bounce protection , or response race problem . ( 15 ) functional operation can be achieved with separate solid state devices as in the preferred embodiment or an integrated device , or devices , or in a microprocessor . ( 16 ) functional operation can be achieved in full or in part to accommodate other exercise programs that the preferred program describes above . ( 17 ) package and switch configuration permits full control by the patient of degree of insertion , intensity of contractions , and , by removal at any time , of the length of the exercise program . ( 18 ) abbreviated exercise programs can be defined as number of contractions , or as a period of insertion . although i have shown and described certain specific embodiments of my invention , i am fully aware that many modifications thereof are possible . my invention , therefore , is not to be restricted except insofar as is necessitated by the prior art .
an instrument for the treatment of incontinence by exercise of the muscle group that includes the puboccygeous muscle furnishes electrical energy to induce muscle contraction . energy is provided according to a pre - established exercise program at energizing rings at the forward , insertion section of the instrument . all variables of the exercise program are pre - established by internal electronic circuitry except energy level . control of energy level is left to the user at touch switch elements at the rear of the instrument .