embodiments of the presently disclosed ecg electrode connector and method are described herein in detail with reference to the drawings , in which like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views . as shown in the drawings and as described throughout the following description , and as is traditional when referring to relative positioning on an object , the term “ proximal ” refers to the end of the apparatus which is closer to the monitor and the term “ distal ” refers to the end of the apparatus which is further from the monitor . in the following description , well - known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the present disclosure in unnecessary detail . referring to fig1 , 2 , and 3 a , there is shown an embodiment of an ecg electrode connector 100 having a thumb cam lever 110 . the connector 100 includes a housing 105 that includes a cavity 106 , a pivot pin 115 , and a thumb cam lever 110 having a pivot hole 116 defined therein dimensioned to pivotably couple thumb cam lever 110 to pivot pin 115 . connector 100 may also include a cover 305 which optionally includes an identification marking 310 which may be incorporated with cover 305 by any suitable means , including without limitation printing , engraving , silk screening , stamping , or integrally molding said marking 310 onto cover 305 . the housing 105 , lever 110 and cover 305 may be constructed of any suitable non - conductive material , including without limitation any thermoplastic and / or elastomeric polymer such as polybutylene terephthalate ( pbt ), polyethylene terephthalate ( pet ), polyvinyl chloride ( pvc ), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ( abs ), thermoplastic polyurethanes ( tpu ), thermoplastic vulcanates ( tpv ), polypropylene ( pp ), polyethylene ( pe ), and / or fiber - reinforced polymer ( frp ). a v - spring 120 having a coil base 130 , a fixed leg 131 and a movable leg 132 is coupled to housing 110 within cavity 106 . coil base 130 of v - spring 120 may be multi - turn , single - turn , or a v - shaped apex without a coil . v - spring 120 is retained at its base by pin 117 and is joined to housing 105 at its fixed end by saddle 125 such that movable leg 132 is biased in a distal direction , i . e ., towards pivot pin 115 . additionally or alternatively , v - spring 120 may be joined to saddle 125 or cavity 106 by any suitable manner of bonding , such as by adhesive or heat welding . a stop 135 limits the outward flexure of movable leg 132 . thumb cam lever 110 includes a cam 102 which communicates with a detent 140 of spring member 120 when thumb cam lever 120 moves to a closed position , as shown in fig2 . detent 140 and cam 102 cooperate to lock thumb cam lever 110 in a closed position , and additionally or alternatively , provide tactile feedback to a clinician . additional locking and tactile feedback may be provided by the engagement of a lever detent 160 with a corresponding dimple ( not shown ) provided on thumb cam lever 110 . a lever recess 180 may be provided by housing 105 to receive lever 110 when lever 110 is in the closed position . a finger recess 165 is provided on housing 105 to facilitate manipulation and / or grasping of thumb cam lever 110 by the clinician . connector 100 further includes an electrical contact member 155 which is disposed upon cavity 106 . contact member 155 may be constructed from any suitable electrically conductive material , including without limitation stainless steel or low - carbon steel . it is also envisioned contact member 155 may be constructed of a non - conductive material having a conductive coating . contact member 155 is electrically coupled to a lead wire 175 by any suitable manner of connection , such as a crimp 156 , or additionally or alternatively , soldering or wire bonding . lead wire 175 may optionally be supported at its exit point from housing 105 by a strain relief 170 . contact member 155 provides a contact opening 145 defined therein to accept an electrical contact , such as a bulbous press stud of an ecg pad . in the embodiment , the contact opening 145 may be asymmetrical in shape , such as , for example , an ovoid shape dimensioned at its wide end 151 to accept the bulbous press stud , and dimensioned at its narrow end 150 to capture the narrow waist portion of the press stud . referring now to fig3 b , 3 d , 10 a and 10 b , the bottom surface 330 of housing 105 provides an aperture 320 disposed therein which exposes contact opening 145 to the exterior of connector 100 to facilitate insertion of a press stud into the connector . engaging a press stud into connector 100 may be accomplished by positioning lever 110 to an open position as shown in fig1 , whereupon cam 102 rotates away from detent 140 , permitting movable leg 132 of v - spring 120 to flex distally and come to rest upon stop 135 . a press stud may then be introduced into connector 100 by , for example , placing connector 100 over a press stud such that the bulbous end press stud is positioned within opening 145 , as shown in fig1 a . subsequent to insertion of the press stud , lever 110 may then be moved to the closed position as illustrated in fig2 , causing cam 102 to rotate towards moveable leg 132 of v - spring 120 . the rotation of cam 102 causes it to ride over detent 140 thereby compressing movable leg 132 in a proximal direction , which mechanically engages and electrically couples the press stud with narrow end 150 of opening 145 , as shown in fig1 b . conversely , a press stud engaged with connector 100 as described may be disengaged by moving lever 110 from a closed position to an open position , causing cam 102 to rotate away from detent 140 and relax movable leg 132 of v - spring 120 , which disengages the press stud and permits its removal as will be readily appreciated . in another embodiment as shown in fig1 a and 11b in , an ecg electrode connector 1100 is provided wherein a cam is configured to cause mechanical engagement between the press stud and an electrical contact member . a spring may be added to facilitate the opening and actuation of the lever 110 . turning now to fig4 , 5 , 6 a , and 6 b , another embodiment according to the present disclosure provides an ecg lead wire connector 400 that includes a housing 405 which provides a cavity 406 , and a pushbutton 410 having an external face 411 and an internal engaging surface 432 . connector 400 may also include a cover 605 which optionally includes an identification marking 610 as previously described herein . housing 405 , pushbutton 410 , cover 605 may be constructed from any suitable non - conductive material as previously described . pushbutton 410 is slidably disposed within housing 405 and is biased in a distal direction by a coil spring 420 that is retained at its distal ( pushbutton ) end by a saddle 426 provided by pushbutton 410 , and at its proximal ( housing ) end by a saddle 425 provided by housing 405 . pushbutton 410 includes at least one stop member 436 which cooperates with stop members 435 and 437 provided within housing 405 to define the distal and proximal limits of travel , respectively , of pushbutton 410 . pushbutton 410 includes an opening 430 disposed therein having an engaging surface 432 for coupling the connector 400 to a press stud as will be further described below . connector 400 further includes an electrical contact member 455 which is disposed upon cavity 406 . contact member 455 is electrically coupled to a lead wire 475 by any suitable manner of connection as previously disclosed herein . lead wire 475 may optionally be supported at its exit point from housing 405 by a strain relief 470 . contact member 455 provides a contact opening 445 defined therein to accept an electrical contact , such as a press stud , and may be an asymmetrical in shape as previously described herein , having a distal narrow end 450 and a proximal wide end 451 . the bottom surface 630 of housing 405 provides an aperture 620 disposed therein which exposes contact opening 445 to the exterior of connector 400 to facilitate insertion of a press stud into the connector . engaging a press stud into connector 400 may be accomplished by depressing pushbutton 410 , by , for example , applying sufficient finger pressure to pushbutton face 411 so as to overcome the bias of coil spring 420 , thereby moving pushbutton 410 from a distal locked position as shown in fig4 to a proximal open position as shown in fig5 . opening 430 correspondingly moves proximally , exposing the wide proximal end 451 of contact opening 445 and facilitating the insertion of a press stud into connector 400 as best shown in fig6 d . subsequent to insertion of a press stud , pushbutton 410 may then be released whereupon the biasing force of coil spring 420 causes pushbutton 410 to move distally , causing engaging surface 432 to mechanically engage and electrically couple the press stud with narrow end 450 of contact opening 445 , as best shown in fig6 c . conversely , a press stud engaged with connector 400 as described may be disengaged by depressing pushbutton 410 , causing engaging surface 432 to move proximally , releasing the press stud and facilitating its removal from connector 400 . upon removal of the press stud , pushbutton 410 may be released , readying connector 400 for subsequent use . it is also contemplated in this embodiment to add components , such as linkages or gearing , between pushbutton and electrical contact member to achieve mechanical advantage and improved clamping or connection force . yet another embodiment in accordance with the present disclosure is described with reference to fig7 , 8 , 9 a , and 9 b , wherein is shown an ecg lead wire connector 700 having a housing 705 which provides a cavity 706 , and a lever 710 pivotally disposed thereupon having an actuating end 715 , an external pushbutton face 711 , a pivot 712 , and an engaging region 716 . connector 700 may also include a cover 905 which optionally includes an identification marking 910 as previously described herein . housing 705 , lever 710 , and cover 605 may be constructed from any suitable non - conductive material as previously described herein . as shown in fig7 and 8 , lever 710 includes a pivot hole 713 disposed therein for pivotally engaging a pivot pin 714 that is provided by housing 705 . actuation end 715 of lever 710 is biased in an outward direction by a leaf spring 720 that is retained at its lever end by surface 726 of lever 710 , and at its housing end by a surface 725 of housing 705 . additionally or alternatively , leaf spring 720 may include at least one tab ( not shown ) retained by at least one slot ( not shown ) provided by lever surface 726 and / or housing surface 725 . engaging region 716 of lever 710 includes an engaging surface 732 for coupling the connector 700 to a press stud as will be further described below . connector 700 further includes an electrical contact member 755 which is disposed upon cavity 706 . contact member 755 is electrically coupled to a lead wire 775 by any suitable manner of connection as previously disclosed herein . lead wire 775 may optionally be supported at its exit point from housing 705 by a strain relief 770 . contact member 755 provides a contact opening 745 defined therein to accept an electrical contact , such as a press stud , and may be an asymmetrical in shape as previously described herein , having a narrow end 750 and a wide end 751 as best illustrated in fig8 and 9b . the bottom surface 930 of housing 705 provides an aperture 920 disposed therein which exposes contact opening 745 to the exterior of connector 700 to facilitate insertion of a press stud into the connector . engaging a press stud into connector 700 may be accomplished by depressing pushbutton face 711 , by , for example , applying sufficient finger pressure thereto so as to overcome the bias of leaf spring 720 , thereby causing engaging region 716 of lever 710 to swing from a closed position as shown in fig7 to an open position as shown in fig8 . the wide end 751 of contact opening 745 is thereby exposed thus facilitating the insertion of a press stud into connector 700 . pushbutton face 711 may then be released whereupon the biasing force of leaf spring 720 causes engaging surface 732 to move toward the inserted press stud to mechanically engage and electrically couple the press stud with narrow end 750 of contact opening 745 , as will be readily appreciated . conversely , a press stud engaged with connector 700 as described may be disengaged by depressing pushbutton 710 , causing engaging surface 732 to swing away from the press stud ( i . e ., away from narrow end 750 of contact opening 745 ), releasing the press stud and facilitating its removal from connector 700 . upon removal of the press stud , pushbutton face 711 may then be released , readying connector 700 for subsequent use . with reference now to fig1 a - c and fig1 a - d , an embodiment of an ecg electrode connector 1320 includes a housing 1322 having an upper member 1324 and a lower member 1326 , and defining an internal cavity 1328 therebetween . housing 1322 is fabricated from a non - conducting material , e . g ., an injection molded polymer which electrically insulates the subject from the conductive element ( s ) therewithin . upper member 1324 and lower member 1326 are separate components attached to each other by any suitable method of bonding , such as without limitation , adhesive , ultrasonic welding , or heat welding . upper member 1324 and lower member 1326 form a non - conductive element of the housing 1322 . housing 1322 includes a lead wire terminal 1330 which is electrically connected to a respective end of lead wire 1304 by any suitable method of connection , including without limitation , crimping , soldering , or welding . housing 1322 supports a contact member 1332 that is electrically connected to lead wire terminal 1330 . contact member 1332 and lead wire terminal 1330 may be integrally formed . contact member 1332 defines a contact opening 1334 formed therein and in communication with internal cavity 1328 of housing 1322 . contact opening 1334 includes first contact opening portion 1334 a and second contact opening portion 1334 b . first contact opening portion 1334 a defines an internal dimension or diameter which is greater than the corresponding internal dimension or diameter of second contact opening portion 1334 b . housing 1322 further includes a lever 1340 pivotably connected thereto . lever 1340 includes an actuating end 1336 . lever 1340 is biased to a first position by a biasing member 1338 . lever 1340 includes an engaging region 1336 a projecting therefrom so as to extend across first contact opening portion 1334 a of contact opening 1334 when lever 1340 is in the first position . in use , lever 1340 is actuatable to a second position wherein engaging region 1336 a thereof does not obstruct or extend across first contact opening portion 1334 a of contact opening 1334 . for example , a clinician may apply finger pressure to actuating end 1336 that is sufficient to overcome the biasing force of biasing member 1338 , thereby causing engaging region 1336 a to move to a second position as herein described . ecg electrode connector 1320 is adapted for connection to a conventional snap - type biomedical electrode ( not explicitly shown ). a typical snap - type biomedical electrode incorporates an electrode flange or base and male press stud or terminal extending in transverse relation to the electrode base . the male press stud terminal may have a bulbous head whereby an upper portion of the terminal has a greater cross - sectional dimension than a lower portion of the terminal . accordingly , in use , when lever 1340 of electrode connector 1320 is in the second position , the head of the male press stud terminal of the snap - type biomedical electrode may be inserted into first contact opening portion 1334 a of contact opening 1334 and actuating end 1336 , and thus , lever 1340 , may be released so that biasing member 1338 moves engaging region 1336 a of lever 1340 against the head of the male press stud ( not explicitly shown ) to push or force the lower portion of the press stud into a second contact opening portion 1334 b of contact opening 1334 . the biasing force of biasing member 1338 helps to maintain the press stud within second contact opening portion 1334 b of contact opening 1334 and thus inhibits removal or disconnection of the biomedical electrode from ecg connector 1320 . it will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein . further variations of the above - disclosed and other features and functions , or alternatives thereof , may be desirably combined into many other different systems , instruments and applications . various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives , modifications , variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art , which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims .
disclosed is an ecg electrode lead wire connector which provides improved electrical and mechanical coupling of the ecg electrode press stud to the lead wire , provides enhanced ergonomics to the clinician , and may alleviate patient discomfort associated with the attachment and removal of ecg leads . the connector may be engaged and disengaged with little or no force imparted to the patient or the ecg pad , which significantly minimizes the risk of inadvertent dislodgement of the pad . in one embodiment the disclosed connector provides a thumb cam lever which affirmatively engages the press stud to the connector , and provides tactile feedback to the clinician that the connector is properly engaged . in other embodiments , the connector provides a pushbutton to enable the clinician to easily engage and disengage the connector from the ecg stud . the disclosed connectors may also decrease clinician fatigue , and may provide more reliable ecg results .