we will further set forth this invention combining with concrete implementation of animal model below , and compare it with existing mitochondria replacement ( st , pnt ) ( fig1 : research diagram of this invention ). and we shall understand that these implementation cases can only be used to explain this invention , not to be used for limiting the invention . new zealand white mouse , in this invention , it is used to simulate the patient with female mitochondria diseases . the hybrid generation mouse of bdf1 of c57bl / 6 and dba2 , in this research , is used to simulate the healthy female who donates oocytes cytoplasm . while the icr mouse is treated as surrogacy mother in this invention . 1 . the feasibility analysis that pb1 and pb2 are used for treating maternal mitochondria diseases ( 1 ) comparison of the mitochondria carried by pb1 , spindle , pb2 and pronuclei use the mitochondria fluorescence probe of mitotrackor ( 250 nm ) to dye the oocytes and germ cell for 10 minutes , use hochest33342 re - dye the nucleus for 10 minutes . put the dyed oocytes embryo in cb operation liquid drop of 5 μg / ml , use a 15 μm enucleation needle to take the pb1 , spindle , pb2 and pronuclei out , and then transfer them into the liquid drop of the culture dish cabinet specially used for the confocal microscopy , and then observe the distributions under the confocal microscopy . ( 2 ) comparison of the epigenetic characteristics of pb1 and spindle , pb2 and pronulcei . the fresh oocytes and germ cell are fixed and conducted permeabilizing and sealing treatment with 4 % of paraformaldehyde , and then , they shall be conducted epigenetic inherent immunohistochemical detection , the primary antibodies detected includes : anti - tubulin ( 1 / 200 , sigma , t8203 ), anti - lamin b1 ( 1 : 50 , abcam , ab8982 ), anti - h3k9me3 ( 1 / 200 , abcam , ab8898 ), anti - h3p ( 1 / 100 , abcam , ab7031 ), anti - acetyl h3 ( 1 : 250 , millipore 06599 ), and 5 mc antibody ( 1 : 200 , abcam , ab10805 ). all primary antibodies are incubated in 4 c over the night . on the next day , use pbs to sufficiently wash the oocytes and germ cell , and then , the different primary antibodies respectively are marked with the second fluorescence antibody of dylight 488 , igg ( 1 : 500 , jackson ) or alexa488 , and igg ( 1 : 500 , invitrogen ) ( incubated for 1 . 5 h , at 37 □). after the second antibody marking is over , use pi to re - dye the nucleus . put the dye oocytes and germ cell into the liquid drop of the culture dish cabinet specially used for the confocal microscopy , and then observe the epigenetic similarities and differences under the confocal microscopy . 2 . prepartions of the four kinds of mitochondria ( pb1t , st , pb2t , and pnt ) mice and their descendant reproduction inject 5iu pmsg to abdominal cavities of the 6 - 8 weeks of nzw , bdf1 female mice , and then , re - inject 5iu hcg to abdominal cavities of them at an interval of 48 h . 13 hours later after hcg injection , take mature oocyte wrapped with cumulus cell from expansion part of the fallopian tube , and place it into the g — gamete operation liquid containing 0 . 1 % hyaluronidase at the temperature of 37 □ in the incubater where 5 % co2 is properly saturated , until the cumulus cell becomes loose ( 2 - 3 min ). the oocytes after degranulation shall be placed into an incubator for recovering for 30 min . place the oocytes cells of nzw and bdf1 into the g — gamete operation liquid containing cb in the microscopy room , 10 minutes later , use an oocytes - holding needle to hold a nzw oocytes ( including living and saturated polar ), and make the polar at the position of 12 o &# 39 ; clock . use a 8 μm denucleation needle controlled with piezo pulse to absorb pb1 to simply break the plasmalemma in 7 % of pvp , and then inject it to bdf1 denucleated oocytes . the final reconstructed shall be placed into htf for sufficiently washing and transferred to htf for in vitro fertilization . use a 8 μm denucleation needle controlled with piezo pulse to slightly absorb the compound of spindle body - chromosome of nzw oocytes together with a little of cytoplasm ( for short , karoplast ), then use a 15 μm bevel connection denucleation needle to transfer karoplast into inactivated sendai virus to treat for several seconds , and then transfer it to the transparent belt of denucleated bdf1 oocytes , so that it is closely contact with the oocytes plasmalemma of bdf1 to promote integration of the both , after integration , the reconstructed zygote is thoroughly washed with htf liquid drop and then transferred to htf in vitro fertilization . the 12 weeks of male mouse died for taking - off of the cervical spine , take the sperm from the epididymis and place it into htf to absorb energy for an hour , and then add moderate sperm to liquid drop of the reconstructed oocytes for in vitro fertilization . when the fertilization is completed for 6 hours , dual prokaryotic germ cell will be picked out and moved to g1 nutrient solution for 72 hours , to observe the embryonic development under the microscope every day , 72 hours later , it will develop to reconstructed embryo of the blastaea and transferred to in vivo of a pseudopregnancy mother mouse for farrowing . 16 days later , conduct caesarean to the pregnant mother mouse , the viable newborn mouse will be cultivated . inject 5iu pmsg to abdominal cavities of the 6 - 8 weeks of nzw , bdf1 ( the injection pmsg time of nzw mouse shall be about 2hours earlier than bdf ) female mice , and then , re - inject 5iu hcg to abdominal cavities of them at an interval of 48 h , let it copulate with a 12 - week male mouse in the cage . 18 hours later after hcg injection , recycle the zygote wrapped with cumulus cell from expansion part of the fallopian tube , and place it into the g — gamete operation liquid containing 0 . 1 % hyaluronidase at the temperature of 37 □ in the incubater where 5 % co2 is properly saturated , until the cumulus cell becomes loose ( 2 - 3min ). the oocytes after degranulation shall be placed into an incubator for recovering for 30 min . place the zygote of nzw and bdf1 into the g — gamete operation liquid containing cb in the microscopy room , 10 minutes later , use an oocytes - holding needle to hold a nzw zygote , and make the polar at the position of 12 o &# 39 ; clock . use a 8 μm denucleation needle controlled with piezo pulse to absorb pb2 ( pay attention to keep completeness of the plasmalemma ), and then use a 15 μm bevel connection denucleation needle to transfer pb2 into inactivated sendai virus to treat for several seconds , and then transfer it to the transparent belt of the bdf1 oocytes that female pronucleus has been removed , so that it is closely contact with the bdf1 oocytes plasmalemma to promote integration of the both , after integration , the reconstructed zygote is thoroughly washed with g1 liquid drop and then transferred to g1 for cultivating . use an oocytes - holding needle to remove the nzw zygote of the second polar , and use a 15 μm bevel connection denucleation needle to slightly absorb the male & amp ; female dual pronucleus , and transfer it into inactivated sendai virus to treat for several seconds , and then transfer it to the transparent belt of the bdf1 oocytes that male & amp ; female dual pronucleus has been removed , so that it is closely contact with the oocytes plasmalemma of bdf1 to promote integration of the both , after integration , the reconstructed zygote is thoroughly washed with g1 liquid drop and then transferred to g1 for cultivating . observe the embryonic development under the microscope every day . 72 hours later , it will develop to reconstructed embryo of the blastaea and transferred to in vivo of a pseudopregnancy mother mouse in estrus synchronization for farrowing . 16 days later , conduct caesarean to the pregnant mother mouse , the viable newborn mouse will be cultivated . 3 . heterogeneity comparison for the four mitochondria ( pb1t , st , pb2t and pnt ) replacement mice (♀) and their descendants take mice tails from the four mitochondria replacement mice and their descendants , use a whole genome kit ( tiangen , beijing ) to extract dna , and design the primers of 5 ′- atggctactggattccatgg - 3 ′ and 3 ′- gctcctatgaagcttcatgg - 5 ′ to increase 9201 ˜ 11102 series of products on the mitochondria . compound biotin labeling marking primers of tttgaagccgcagcatga ( forward ), atttatttgggggagtcagaatgc ( reverse — biotin ) to increase the second round of products for pyrosequencing . and the pyrosequencing primer is gaataaacccagaagagagt , operation of pyrosequencing shall be executed according to operating instructions for the instruments . 4 . comparison of the genetic characteristics of pb1 and spindle , germ cell pb2 and pronulcei place the fresh oocytes and germ cell into the operation liquid drop containing 5 μg / ml cb , then use a 15 μm denucleation needle to take pb1 , spindle , pb2 and pronuclei out , and transfer them into a pcr tube , use a use a whole genome kit to conduct single - cell increase , and then conduct comparative genomics chip detection ( cgh ) to the increased products , and compare whether the genetic characteristics of pb1 and spindle , pb2 and pronulcei are consistent . 1 . pb1 and pb2 have the basis and advantage ( relative to st and pnt ) that can be used for treating maternal mitochondria diseases . ( 1 ) relative to spindle and pronuclei , pb1 and pb2 carry few mitochondria use a mitotrackor fluorescence probe to mark the dyeing ( fig2 ), the results show that pb1 and pb2 carry little mitochondria , especially , and almost no mitochondria can be detected in pb1 ; while the corresponding part — spindle is surrounded with plenty of mitochondria , because movement of spindle needs a lot of energy ; the corresponding part of pb2 — pronuclei is surrounded with more mitochondria , because of that after the oocytes being fertilized , the mitochondria will be sharply increased , at the same time , the female and male pronucleuses continuously close to prepare splitting , this process needs a lot of mitochondria to provide energy . therefore , use pb1 to replace st ; use pb2 to replace pnt , the quantity of disease mitochondria carried to the reconstructed oocytes / embryo will be significantly reduced . ( 2 ) epigenetic inheritance of pb1 and spindle — chromosome , pb2 and female pronucleus is consistent the immumohistochemical staining dyeing analysis results show that the epigenetic inheritance characteristics of pb1 and spindle — chromosome are consistent , expressions of the epigenetic biomarkers of h3k9me3 , h3p and 5mc antibody can be detected in pb1 and spindle — chromosome ( fig3 ); the genetic characteristics of pb2 and female pronucleus are consistent , expressions of h3k9me3 , acetyl h3 , and 5mc can be detected in pb2 and female pronucleus ( fig4 ). 2 . the efficiency that pb1 and pb2 provide genomes to birth mitochondria replacement descendants hasn &# 39 ; t significant difference with that of st , pnt and ivf embryo in this invention , we have used mitochondria replacement research with a mouse as the model , and got reconstructed mice of pb1 and pb2 , comparing with existing mitochondria replacement technology st , pnt and conventional ivf , the acquisition efficiency hasn &# 39 ; t significant difference , and comparing with st , pnt and conventional ivf , the descendant &# 39 ; s body weight and placenta weight also haven &# 39 ; t significant difference ( see fig5 ). 3 . pb1t mitochondria replacement mouse only contains the mitochondria of cytoplasm donor , that is , the healthy oocytes cytoplasm donor the pyrosequencing results show that pb1t mitochondria replacement mouse only contains the mitochondria of cytoplasm donor , without the mitochondria of genome donor , that is , heterogeneity of the mouse is 0 %, and it is significantly less than heterogeneity of the st mitochondria replacement mouse ( 5 %); pb2t mitochondria replacement mouse contains few genome donor , that is , the mitochondria comes from the patient ( 1 %), the value is significantly lower than heterogeneity of pnt mitochondria replacement mouse ( 25 %). 4 . the genetic characteristics of pb1 and spindle — chromosome , as well as pb2 and female pronucleus are consistent using comparative genomics chip to detect oocytes / germ cell of human beings , the result show that the genetic characteristics of pb1 and spindle — chromosome , pb2 and female pronucleus are consistent , with 23 chromosomes , no dna breakage or increase ( fig7 ), which indicates the feasibility that the polar body genome restructured oocytes in this invention can be used for mitochondria replacement to treat maternal mitochondria genetic diseases .
disclosed are polar body genome restructured oocytes , the preparation method thereof and the use thereof in preparing the materials for preventing the occurrence of mitochondrial material genetic diseases .