referring to fig1 , a front perspective view of a lower leg , ankle , and achilles guard device 100 ( sometimes called the “ device ”) is shown positioned over an article of footwear 200 according to various embodiments of the present invention . as used herein the term article of footwear 200 shall preferably mean any type of shoe or boot typically worn by a person during an athletic event , construction work , military activity , or other demanding or hazardous pursuit . in some embodiments , an article of footwear 200 shall mean an athletic shoe , such as american football cleats . in this embodiment shown by fig1 , the device 100 generally includes a cushioned liner 11 , an exterior shell 12 , an attachment strap 13 , and two floating attachment pads 14 on the inner and outer side of the wearers ankle . the device 100 is configured to be positioned over the lower leg and preferably positioned so that the two floating attachment pads 14 are positioned over the exterior surface of an article of footwear 200 with one floating attachment pad 14 substantially positioned over the medial side of the ankle and one floating attachment pad 14 substantially positioned over the lateral side of the ankle . the cushioned liner 11 is configured to insulate the exterior shell 12 from the lower leg from mechanical impact , and may be made from synthetic and / or natural materials including , foam , silicone , rubber , neoprene , fabric , soft plastic , or any suitable material capable of acting as an impact - absorbing cushion . it will be understood that the term “ interior ”, when used to describe the positioning of elements relative to the device 100 , will generally refer to areas of the device 100 configured to be worn closest to the body such as areas of the device bounded by the cushioned liner 11 . in preferred embodiments , the cushioned liner is made from neoprene foam rubber and may be covered by a breathable fabric such as cotton or nylon . a rigid exterior shell 12 substantially surrounds the cushioned liner 11 and gives structural support and rigidity to the device . it will be understood that the term “ exterior ”, when used to describe the positioning of elements relative to the device 100 , will generally refer to areas of the device 100 configured to be worn furthest to the body such as areas of the device bounded by the exterior shell 12 . in preferred embodiments , the rigid exterior shell 12 and cushioned liner 11 may be joined together with a substantially permanent attachment means such as various types of glue , epoxies , other adhesives , and / or stitching 31 . in other embodiments , the rigid exterior shell 12 and cushioned liner 11 may be joined together with a temporary attachment means such as snap type fasteners , velcro type fasteners , laced or tied on fasteners , buckles , clasps , or any other suitable type or combination of temporary fasteners . forces from contact blows to the exterior shell 12 are mitigated by the cushioned liner 11 to prevent contact injuries and injurious movement between the lower leg and foot . the exterior shell 12 may be made from rigid or substantially rigid synthetic and natural materials including hard plastics , carbon fiber , aluminum , titanium , various metal alloys , or other suitable materials of similar rigidity and durability . a layer of kevlar ® can be interposed between the rigid exterior shell 12 and the cushioned liner 11 so as to add ballistic protection against gunfire . in the embodiment depicted in fig1 and other preferred embodiments , the cushioned liner 11 and exterior shell 12 can include two separate front and rear sections to facilitate putting the device 100 on and off of the lower leg with each section having a cushioned liner 11 joined to an exterior shell 12 . these sections may be joined together with one or more flexible attachments 32 such flexible attachments 32 may be made from material such as nylon webbing , cotton webbing , or other similar materials . in other embodiments , the cushioned liner 11 and exterior shell 12 may each be comprised of a single piece of material with a congruently aligned slit , on both the exterior shell 12 and cushioned liner 11 , from the top of the device 100 to the bottom to facilitate placing the device 100 on and off of the lower leg . in further embodiments , both the exterior shell 12 and cushioned liner 11 may each be comprised of three or more separate sections each , with two or more sections joined together with one or more flexible attachments 32 or by similar means . in some alternative embodiments , flexible attachments 32 may be made from flexible molded rubber or similar material with fasteners such as velcro configured to connect the flexible attachments 32 to the device 100 . in this and other preferred embodiments , two floating attachment pads 14 are positioned on the lower portion of the device 100 and are configured to be substantially positioned over the medial side and lateral side of the ankle preferably over an article of footwear 200 that covers the ankle . it will be understood that the term “ lower portion ”, when used to describe the positioning of elements relative to the device 100 , will generally refer to areas of the device 100 configured to be worn closer to the foot of the user as opposed to areas configured to be worn closer to the lower leg of the user . referring now to fig2 , in preferred embodiments , the floating attachment pads 14 may include an attachment fastener 15 , an energy absorbing pad 16 , a rigid support element 17 , a stem 18 , a retainer 19 , and a retainer fastener 21 . in preferred embodiments , the attachment fastener 15 may include a hook and loop fastener such as velcro ®, and is configured to removably attach to complimentary velcro ® fasteners located on the medial side and lateral side of the ankle on the exterior surface of an article of footwear 200 ( fig1 ) that covers the ankle . in other embodiments , the attachment fastener 15 may include other types of temporary fasteners including snap type fasteners , laced or tied on fasteners , buckles , clasps , or any other suitable type or combination of temporary fasteners . in further embodiments , the attachment fastener 15 may include a substantially permanent type of fastener such as various types of glues , epoxies , chemical welds , or any other suitable type of substantially permanent type of fastener . in preferred embodiments , an energy absorbing pad 16 may be positioned between the attachment fastener 15 and the rigid support element 17 all of which may be joined together with various types of glues , epoxies , chemical welds , stitching , or any other suitable type of substantially permanent type of fastener . in preferred embodiments , the energy absorbing pad 16 may be made from synthetic and natural materials including , foam , silicone , rubber , neoprene , fabric , soft plastic , or similar material whereby the energy absorbing pad 16 may perform a similar function as the cushioned liner 11 ( fig1 ). in other embodiments , the floating attachment pad 14 may not comprise an energy absorbing pad 16 , and instead contain a cushioned liner 11 ( fig1 ) to cushion impacts to the device 100 ( fig1 ), so that the attachment fastener 15 may be joined directly to the rigid support element 17 with various types of glues , epoxies , chemical welds , stitching , or any other suitable type of substantially permanent type of fastener . the rigid support element 17 may be made from rigid or substantially rigid synthetic and natural materials including hard plastics , carbon fiber , aluminum , titanium , various metal alloys , or other suitable materials of similar rigidity and durability , and it provides structural support and rigidity to the floating attachment pad 14 . in preferred embodiments , one or more stems 18 are positioned on the floating attachment pad 14 such as at the rigid support element 17 and may be made from rigid or substantially rigid synthetic and natural materials including hard plastics , carbon fiber , aluminum , titanium , various metal alloys , or other suitable materials of similar rigidity and durability . in some embodiments , a stem 18 is permanently joined to the rigid support element 17 with various types of glues , epoxies , chemical welds , or any other suitable type of substantially permanent method of joining . in other embodiments , a stem 18 and rigid support element 17 may be integrally formed or molded together in a unitary construction . in further embodiments , a stem 18 may be joined to the rigid support element 17 in a temporary manner such as with male and female threading or any other suitable temporary method allowing the stem 18 and rigid support element 17 to be separated and rejoined as desired . in preferred embodiments , one stem 18 may be positioned substantially centrally on the side of the rigid support element 17 that is opposite the side containing the attachment fastener 15 . in other embodiments , one or more stems 18 may be positioned at any suitable location on the side of the rigid support element 17 . in preferred embodiments , a retainer 19 which may be made from rigid or substantially rigid synthetic and natural materials including hard plastics , carbon fiber , aluminum , titanium , various metal alloys , or other suitable materials of similar rigidity and durability may be positioned on the stem 18 and is configured to maintain the stem 18 in contact with the device 100 and in particular to the exterior shell 12 ( fig1 ) and optionally in contact with the interior liner 11 ( fig1 ). in the embodiment depicted in fig2 , the retainer 19 includes a retainer aperture 23 , which is configured to receive a portion of the stem 18 and whereby stem 18 may contain a stem aperture 24 . once the retainer 19 is positioned on the stem 18 past the stem aperture 24 , a retainer fastener 21 may be inserted into the stem aperture 24 thereby preventing the retainer 19 from separating from the stem 18 . in some preferred embodiments , the retainer fastener 21 may include a cotter pin although other fasteners are contemplated including a split pin , a hairpin cotter pin , more commonly known as an “ r - clip ”, a bowtie cotter pin , a circle cotter pin , a rivet type fastener , a threaded fastener , or any other suitable fastener . in some embodiments , the retainer 19 may be permanently joined to the male stem 18 with various types of glues , epoxies , chemical welds , stitching , or any other suitable type of substantially permanent type of fastener or integrally formed into the male stem 18 , and the male stem 18 may not comprise a stem aperture 24 . in further embodiments , the retainer 19 may be threadedly joined to the stem 18 , and the stem 18 may not comprise a stem aperture 24 . in some embodiments , the floating attachment pad 14 achieves its ability to flexibly rotate about in part from the positioning of a bushing 26 on the stem 18 . in some embodiments , the bushing 26 is integrally formed into the stem 18 . in other embodiments , the bushing 26 may be made from rigid or substantially rigid synthetic and natural materials including hard plastics , carbon fiber , aluminum , titanium , various metal alloys , or other suitable materials of similar rigidity and durability and be permanently joined to the male stem 18 with various types of glues , epoxies , chemical welds , or any other suitable type of substantially permanent method of joining . referring now to fig3 , one or more floating attachment pads 14 are flexibly attached to the device 100 ( fig1 ) with a stem 18 that extends perpendicularly away from the rigid support element 17 and extends through an aperture 22 in a flexible disk 10 made of suitably durable neoprene , silicone , or rubber , for example , the flexible disk 10 being secured around its periphery to a commensurate hole or convexity in the outer shell 12 , and located on the lower portion of the device 100 ( fig1 ), which is configured with a larger diameter than the stem 18 . in preferred embodiments , the aperture 22 passes completely through the device 100 ( fig1 ) from the interior to the exterior . a retainer 19 may be positioned on the distal end of the stem 18 and prevents the distal end of the stem 18 from exiting the aperture 22 . the interior of the device 100 ( fig1 ) is prevented from contacting the rigid support element 17 by the bushing 26 that is located on the stem 18 . the bushing is preferably configured to have a larger diameter than the aperture 22 thereby maintaining a space between the rigid support element 17 and the interior surface of the device 100 ( fig1 ). as mentioned earlier , the flexible rotational (“ floating ”) ability of the floating attachment pads 14 is achieved in part by the ability of the stem 18 to move in the aperture 22 of the flexible disk 10 by approximately the difference in diameter between the stem 18 and the aperture 22 and also by the distance maintained between the rigid support element 17 and the interior of the device 100 ( fig1 ) by the bushing 26 . in some embodiments , the floating ability is due to the flexibility of the flexible disk 10 , being able to bend any combination needed of upward and downward , forward and backward , and even accommodate twisting motion . in some embodiments , the floating ability may be made greater by a greater difference in diameter between the stem 18 and the aperture 22 or also by a greater distance maintained between the rigid support element 17 and the interior of the device 100 ( fig1 ) by the bushing 26 . in other embodiments , the floating ability may be reduced by decreasing the difference in diameter between the stem 18 and the aperture 22 or also by a lesser distance maintained between the rigid support element 17 and the interior of the device 100 ( fig1 ) by the bushing 26 . in some alternative embodiments , the floating attachment pad 14 may be flexibly attached to the exterior shell with a ball and socket attachment . a ball joint may be placed at the distal end of the stem 18 , away from the rigid support element 17 , which will mate and secure to a complimentary shaped socket located in substantially the same location as the aperture 22 . in these embodiments , the floating ability may be made greater by increasing the distance between the ball joint and rigid support element 17 or by increasing the ability of the ball to pivot and move within the socket . conversely , the floating ability may be made lesser by decreasing the distance between the ball joint and rigid support element 17 or by decreasing the ability of the ball to pivot and move within the socket . the floating ability achieved by the floating attachment pads 14 enables the lower leg and ankle bracing device 100 ( fig1 ) to follow and allow the full range of motion between the foot and the lower leg while the exterior shell 12 and cushioned liner 11 protect the lower leg and ankle , including the achilles area , from contact injuries . referring now to fig4 , an example of a partial front perspective view of a floating attachment pad 14 mounted to the lower portion of a cushioned liner 11 and exterior shell 12 of a device 100 is provided according to various embodiments of the present invention . in this example , the stem 18 of the floating attachment pad 14 is positioned through the aperture 22 of the flexible disk 10 so that the bushing 26 is positioned on the interior side of the device 100 ( fig1 ) between the device 100 liner 11 and the floating attachment pad 14 and the retainer 19 ( fig2 and 3 ) is positioned on the exterior side of the device 100 ( fig1 ). fig5 shows a rear profile view of the device 100 positioned over an article of footwear 200 according to various embodiments of the present invention . in preferred embodiments , the device 100 may be secured around the lower leg with one or more attachment straps 13 . the attachment straps 13 may be made from natural or synthetic fabrics such as nylon webbing or other similar material , and are configured to attach to a plurality of strap fasteners 27 positioned on the device . strap fasteners 27 may include velcro , buttons , male and female snaps , buckles , clasps , or other suitable temporary fastener system . in embodiments where the exterior shell 12 and the cushioned liner 11 are each configured with a congruent slit from the upper portion to the lower portion of the device 100 , the attachment straps 13 may be used to secure and substantially join both sides of the slit together . in other embodiments , lacing , buckles , or other similar fastening systems may be used to temporarily secure the device 100 around the lower leg . referring to fig6 , a side profile view of an embodiment of the device 100 is shown , the device 100 being positioned over an article of footwear 200 , the lower portion of the device being configured so as to be placed over the upper portion of the article of footwear 200 . three attachment straps 13 are visible and are configured to secure the device 100 to the lower leg of the user and to the upper portion of the article of footwear 200 . also clearly depicted in this illustration , the exterior shell 12 can be seen with the cushioned liner 11 positioned substantially underneath . while the cushioned liner is configured to be positioned closest to the user &# 39 ; s lower leg , a portion of the cushioned liner may 11 be positioned over the article of footwear 200 . in other embodiments , the device may be used with an article of footwear 200 that does not substantially cover the ankle so that the cushioned liner 11 and the floating attachment pads 14 ( fig1 , 3 , and 4 ) contact the ankle and lower leg directly . in embodiments where the device 100 does not overlap the article of footwear 200 , the lower portion of the device 100 may attach to the upper portion of an article of footwear 200 with one or more fasteners such as nylon webbing , metal or plastic buckles or clasps , and other suitable fasteners . other modifications and implementations will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as claimed . accordingly , the above description is not intended to limit the invention , except as indicated in the following claims .
a lower leg guard device is disclosed allowing a full range of ankle motion , while at the same time preventing impact injuries to the lower leg , including the achilles area , the ankle , and the shin . the lower leg guard device includes two substantially rigid exterior shells each with a cushioned interior liner . the lower leg guard device can be securely attached to the lower leg with one or more attachment straps , and with at least one floating attachment pad that attaches to the wearer &# 39 ; s footwear . a floating attachment pad can be positioned over both the inner side and outer side of the ankle , preferably attached to footwear that covers the ankle . the floating attachment pads are attached to the footwear using removable fasteners , located on the exterior surface of the footwear worn by the wearer , so that the guard device can be quickly and easily put on and removed .