fig1 is a schematic diagram of the top view of a prior art rotary rake machine 10 showing the pattern of movement of tines 16 when such a rake machine is raking crop . the identifying numbers for the parts in fig2 - 4 are the same as those in fig1 when the parts themselves are the same . rake machine 10 is connected to and pulled by tractor 12 that propels rake machine 10 in the direction indicated by arrow a , and rake machine 10 includes several revolving arms 14 that each hold sets of tines 16 . the orientation of each set of tines 16 changes depending upon the location of its arm 14 within circle of revolution 18 . it should be appreciated that , since fig1 , 2 and 3 are top views , when tines 16 appear longest , they are in an approximately horizontal orientation and not engaging the crop on the ground , while when tines 16 appear shortest they are oriented approximately vertically and engaging the crop that is on the ground . intermediate lengths of the tines indicate that they are changing their orientation between these two extremes . as shown in fig1 , for raking , rake machine 10 moves the tines down to engage the crop as the arms revolve into the region of circle of revolution 18 nearest to the tractor . at that location , tines 16 contact the crop on the left side of fig1 , and the movement of the arms 14 and tines 16 rakes the crop from that side of rake machine 10 , toward tractor 12 , and then pushes the crop to one side of the tractor &# 39 ; s path and releases the crop , forming windrow 20 on the right side of fig1 . this movement is based upon the counter clockwise revolution of arms 14 as indicated by arrow b , and the particular location of windrow 20 would be changed if the direction of revolution were changed . fig2 is a schematic diagram of the top view of the preferred embodiment of inverter machine 11 . fig2 shows one of several possible patterns of movement of tines 16 different from their pattern of movement in fig1 because machine 11 is constructed for inverting windrows rather than for raking crop into windrows . as shown in fig2 , for inverting windrows machine 11 moves the tines down to engage the crop as the arms revolve into the region of circle of revolution 18 farthest from the tractor . at that location , tines 16 contact original windrow 20 , and the movement of arms 14 and tines 16 picks up and moves the crop from one side of inverter machine 11 , and then drops the crop on the other side of the machine path , forming inverted windrow 22 on the left side of fig2 . dropping the crop from the opposite side of inverter machine 11 means that , when the windrow is disengaged , tines 16 are moving in the same direction that inverter machine 11 is moving . in the preferred embodiment of fig2 the tines are set to release the crop when the tine driven crop is traveling almost fully in the same direction as inverter machine 11 . viewing circle of revolution 18 as a clock , fig2 shows the tines lowering at approximately 3 o &# 39 ; clock and discharging the crop at approximately 9 o &# 39 ; clock . with such a disengagement position , the forward motion of the tine peripheral speed in combination with the machine ground speed causes the crop to be pulled over crop that was discharged just before it , thereby rolling over , or inverting , the windrow . it is the speed of the discharging crop relative to the ground that controls the inverting action . thus , as indicated by the top and bottom labels in fig2 and fig3 , the top surface of original windrow 20 ends up nearer to the ground and hidden from view in inverted windrow 22 , while the bottom portion of original windrow 20 is seen at the top of inverted windrow 22 . arrow c in fig2 shows the path traveled by the crop material as it is released from tines 16 as they are rotated upward . it should be appreciated that the width of windrow 20 is not a limitation on the effectiveness of the inverter machines of the invention since tines 16 can actually be down and set to engage the crop over a significant portion of circle of revolution 18 . fig3 is a schematic diagram of the top view of an alternate embodiment of an inverter machine 13 of the invention showing a second pattern of movement of the tines that can be used for inverting . inverter machine 13 of fig3 differs from inverter machine 11 of fig2 only in the locations on circle of rotation 18 in which the tines pick up original windrow 20 and discharge inverted windrow 25 . to successfully invert the windrow it is only necessary that when being discharged the crop have at least some forward vector component in its motion that is in the same direction as the forward motion of inverter machine 11 . even with such a minimal forward vector of motion as is shown by arrow d of fig3 , as the crop is released from the tines there is sufficient speed so that when a first part of the crop hits the ground the following crop is pulled over the crop that was previously discharged , and the windrow is inverted . thus , the only requirement for converting prior art rotary rake machine 10 into inverter machines 11 or 13 is to change the portions of circle of revolution 18 during which tines 16 are rotated into and out of contact with the crop . in the preferred embodiment of the invention this is accomplished by slightly modifying the structure that is common to both rotary rake machine 10 and inverter machines 11 and 13 of the invention . fig4 is a schematic partial cross section side view of the common structure of prior art rake machine 10 and inverter machines 11 and 13 of the present invention . in fig4 only cam 38 is shown with crosshatching . the modification of rake machine 10 of fig1 to the inverter machines of fig2 and 3 is accomplished relatively simply . in both rake machines and the inverter machines of the present invention the raising and lowering of tines 16 can be accomplished in the same manner . one such tine moving structure is shown in fig4 with each holding arm 14 on which tines 16 are mounted rotated on its length axis 15 . this rotation is implemented by the structure of arms 14 . each arm 14 has an extension 30 with a crank arm 32 attached on the end of extension 30 that is nearest axle 34 around which arms 14 revolve . crank arm 32 is oriented perpendicular to axis 15 of arm 14 , and cam follower 36 is attached to the end of crank arm 32 . cam followers 36 are installed on cam 38 , which is a ring structure surrounding and concentric with axle 34 . as arms 14 are moved around center axle 34 and cam 38 , cam followers 36 on the ends of crank arms 32 ride around on cam 38 , and the rotation of arms 14 is controlled by cam 38 . in the preferred embodiment of the invention , the crank arms are oriented in approximately the same plane as the tines . thus , when crank arms 32 are horizontal , tines 16 are up and also approximately horizontal , while tines 16 are down and approximately vertical when crank arms 32 are vertical . this orientation in the same plane is not required for operation of the invention , but it is a simple arrangement to facilitate understanding of the operation . the pattern of movement of crank arms 32 between the horizontal and vertical orientations is accomplished by the structure of cam 38 . a low region 40 of the circumference of cam 38 is at approximately the same height as axes 15 of arms 14 , so that when cam followers 36 are on low region 40 of cam 38 , crank arms 32 are in a horizontal orientation . cam 38 also has a high region 42 in which it rises to and remains at a height approximately equal to the length of crank arms 32 . in high region 42 crank arms 32 are oriented vertically and tines 16 are also approximately vertical and engaging crop on the ground . the shape of cam 38 therefore determines the positions of tines 16 as arms 14 revolve around axle 34 of rake machine 10 . the present invention changes the orientation of cam 38 on axle 34 to change the regions of the circle of revolution of arms 14 in which the tines are up or down so that rake machine 10 ( fig1 ) is modified into inverter machines 11 and 13 ( fig2 and 3 ). in the prior art rake machine , high portion 42 of cam 38 had been located toward the front of rake 10 , the part of machine 10 nearest to the tractor . for purposes of explaining the operation , it is assumed that in fig4 the machine is moving toward the viewer and the rotation of arms 14 is counter clockwise as shown in fig1 - 3 . that means for raking machine 10 of fig1 , in fig4 high portion 42 of cam 38 is at the end of the high part of the rotation and the unseen balance of high portion 42 is toward the front of rake machine 10 . using the same assumptions of movement of the machines , on inverter machines 11 and 13 high portion 42 of cam 38 is located near the rear of the machines , away from the tractor . this simple change of the location within circle of revolution 18 in which tines 16 are engaging the crop is all that is required to modify a rotary rake machine into an inverter machine , and it can be accomplished structurally in many ways regardless of the particular construction of the rotary rake machine . in the preferred embodiment , based on the use of ring type cam 38 with high portion 42 to control the tines , it is only necessary to lock cam 38 onto axle 34 at a different orientation . cam 38 can be attached to axle 34 by any conventional device , including integrating the two parts into a single piece . fig4 shows pin 44 as a simple attachment device . in a structure such as that shown in fig4 , it would only be necessary to form hole 46 at a different location on axle 34 to build inverter machines 11 or 13 rather than rake machine 10 . fig4 shows the mechanism that supplies power to revolve arms 14 . drive gear 60 is rotated by shaft 62 which is driven by the power take - off ( not shown ) of tractor 12 . drive gear 60 engages and turns ring gear 64 that is structurally attached to arm assembly frame 66 which revolves around axle 34 . arms 14 are all mounted upon frame 66 . bearing 68 is one of several such bearings ( all indicated by an enclosed “ x ”) which facilitate movement between the concentric structures of machine frame 66 and ring gear 64 that surround axle 34 . fig4 also shows another structure that adds versatility to the process of inverting the windrows . limiting shield 70 is attached to frame 56 by means of support arm 72 , and is located in the region where the lifted windrow is being dropped from the tines . limiting shield 70 extends vertically downward from support arm 72 and includes a curve to offset it toward the center of inverter 10 . limiting shield 70 operates to restrict sideward movement of the crop as it is discharging from tines 16 . at high speeds limiting shield 70 permits either maintaining a windrow configuration when the shield is in service or spreading out the crop for further drying when the shield is out of service . limiting shield 70 is attached to support arm 72 by pivot 74 , and it can be taken out of service by simply pulling its lower end up after unlocking bolt 76 . bolt 76 rides within curved slot 78 in bracket 80 and can be locked in either the raised or lowered positions . the inverter machine of the invention can thus be constructed with only minor changes to any prior art rotary rake machine , thereby virtually eliminating the need for two separate production facilities for two completely different machines . it should be appreciated that although the preferred embodiment described herein uses a particular mechanism for controlling the rotation of the tines , the present invention can actually be used with any mechanism that controls the raising and lowering of the tines , because the present invention merely changes the portions in the circle of revolution during which the tines are engaging the crop . it is to be understood that the form of this invention as shown is merely a preferred embodiment . various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of parts ; equivalent means may be substituted for those illustrated and described ; and certain features may be used independently from others without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims . for example , the exact regions in which tines 16 engage the windrows can be changed , and the specific means by which arms 14 are revolved can also be changed . furthermore , more or fewer arms 14 can rotate around axle 34 .
the apparatus is a farm machine that inverts crop windrows using only the raking tines of a conventional rotary rake machine . the tines engage and move an existing windrow , and invert the windrow as the crop is being disengaged from the tines . the inverting machine accomplishes the inverting by imparting motion to the discharging crop that has a vector of motion that is in the same direction as the movement of the inverter machine . this causes the crop to move faster than the machine itself and inverts the windrow by pushing the disengaging crop over the crop that was previously discharged .