the first embodiment will be described with reference to fig1 - 3 . the medical instrument 1 for closing an opening for surgery includes an elongated hollow cylindrical member or tube 2 for receiving an elongated actuating mechanism 3 of approximately the same length as the tube 2 . the elongated hollow cylindrical member or tube 2 has an outer surface 2 ′, a proximal end 2 a which is open , and a distal end 2 b which is closed . the hollow cylindrical member 2 has longitudinal slots or cuts 7 , 8 formed on opposite sides of the tube , the two slots 7 , 8 running longitudinally for predetermined distances between a point near the proximal end 2 a to a second point near the distal end 2 b . these longitudinal slots 7 , 8 cut through the outer surface 2 ′ of cylindrical member 2 , and expose the inside of the cylindrical member to the outside . the cylindrical member also has a slot 6 on its distal end , but unlike the longitudinal slots 7 , 8 , the distal end slot 6 doses not cut through the closed distal end 2 b of the cylinder member 2 . slot 6 is shown in fig1 ( b ) and 2 ( a ). the longitudinal slots 7 , 8 are separate from the end slot 6 . the elongated actuating mechanism having a turnable shaft 9 with a proximal end 9 a and a distal end 9 b is provided for insertion into the hollow tube . on the proximal end of the turnable shaft 9 is a knurled knob 10 for easy rotation of the shaft by hand . the shaft of the elongated actuating mechanism is formed with screw - threaded portion 12 formed near the distal end 9 b thereof . during assembly of the medical instrument of the present invention , shaft 9 is inserted into the hollow tube 2 , and slides through the upper holding piece 18 which is affixed on the inside of the hollow tube 2 near the proximal ends 7 a , 8 a of the longitudinal slots 7 , 8 . as the shaft is inserted further , the screw - threaded portion 12 at the distal end of shaft 9 engages with the distal ends 30 b , 31 b of needles 30 , 31 rotatably mounted in slots 23 , 24 cut into upper side edges of the lower holding piece 20 , which is affixed on the inside of the hollow tube 2 near the distal 7 b , 8 b of the longitudinal slots 7 , 8 . as shown in fig2 ( c ), teeth 25 are also provided on inward facing arc portions 27 of distal ends 30 b , 31 b of the needles , the arc portions 27 having a predetermined length . the spaces 23 , 24 are aligned to face the open longitudinal slots 7 , 8 in the tube ; in other words , the plane of the arc portions 27 of the distal ends of the needles passes through the longitudinal slots 7 , 8 formed on opposite sides of the tube 2 . again , during assembly of the medical instrument of the present invention , turnable shaft 9 is inserted into the tube 2 and through the upper and the lower cylindrical holding pieces 18 and 20 . when inserted , shaft 9 is held in place with respect to the hollow tube by the cylindrical holding pieces 17 , 18 and 19 , 20 which fit snuggly around the shaft , and the teeth 25 of the arc portions 27 which engage with the screw threaded portion 12 of the shaft 9 . as described above and shown in fig2 ( b ), the distal ends 30 b , 31 b of the needles are rotatably mounted on pins 26 in slots 23 , 24 cut into upper edges of holding piece 20 . in an initial or closed position , the needles 30 , 31 are arranged lengthwise along the length of the turnable shaft 9 , and facing the open longitudinal slots 7 , 8 of the hollow tube 2 . the length of the needles 30 , 31 is in the range of 2 to 20 cm or 0 . 75 to 8 inches , preferably 2 . 5 to 7 . 5 cm or 1 to 3 inches . the length of the needles is less than the length of the open longitudinal slots , such that when the shaft 9 is turned by means of the knob 10 , the proximal ends 30 a , 31 a of the needles radiate outwardly through the longitudinal slots 7 , 8 for a predetermined distance , in the range of 0 . 5 to 2 . 0 cm by means of this turning , the needles 30 , 31 can be positioned in either of two positions : a closed position ( as shown in fig1 and 2 ), wherein the needles are pulled in close to the shaft 9 , and an open position ( as shown in fig3 ), wherein the proximal ends of the needles project outward from shaft 9 for a predetermined distance as describe above . the predetermined distance by which the proximal ends 30 a , 31 a of the needles 30 , 31 can rotate outwardly is limited by the length of arc portions 27 thereon . as shown in fig2 ( c ), a boss 28 is provided at the lower end of the arc portions 27 on the distal ends 30 b , 31 b of the needles . when the needles 30 , 31 are rotated by a predetermined amount , bosses 28 press up against the shaft 9 , and prevents further rotation of the needles . as shown in fig2 ( d ), eyes 30 e , 31 e are formed near the proximal ends 30 a , 31 a of each needle 30 , 31 , and each eye has a spring mechanism 30 s , 31 s for easy loading of the suture 40 . further , cutting tips 30 t , 31 t are formed at the tip of each needle . a cylindrical seal member 35 is fitted around shaft 9 to form a tight seal the proximal end 2 b of the hollow tube 2 , for preventing gas from escaping from the operative surgical area 44 . fig6 shows a second embodiment of the present invention . in the second embodiment , the hollow cylindrical member 2 is provided with elongated niches 33 on the outer surface 2 ′ of the cylindrical member 2 , rather than longitudinal slots 7 , 8 as described in the previous embodiment . in this second embodiment , the needles 30 , 31 are rotatably mounted in the niches . when the needles are rotated , the proximal ends thereof project outwardly from the niches 33 to an open position similar to that described above in the previous embodiment . fig7 ( a ) and ( b ), and fig8 ( a ) and ( b ) show a third embodiment of the present invention . the third embodiment is similar to the first embodiment except that the actuating mechanism and needles 30 , 31 are designed as a disposable subassembly 60 to be inserted as a unit into a reusable cylindrical member 2 . further , if desired , the needles may be pre - threaded with suture . actuating mechanism includes shaft 9 , turnable knob 10 , sealing member 62 , and lower cylindrical holding piece 20 . needles 30 , 31 are mounted and operate in the same manner as the needles in the first embodiment . once the actuating mechanism and needles 30 , 31 are inserted into cylindrical member 2 , the configuration of the third embodiment is essentially the same as that of the first embodiment . sealing member 62 , which is integrally formed by cap 63 and fitting 64 , is then pressed downward against the open end of the hollow cylindrical member 2 thus sealing the open end . at the same time , fitting 64 snuggly fits around shaft 9 stabilizing it within the proximal end of cylindrical member 2 . cylindrical holding piece 20 surrounding the distal end of shaft 9 is formed with at least one groove 2 d on an outer side thereof . the at least one groove 2 d engages with at least one longitudinal ridge 2 r projecting inwardly from the cylindrical member 2 , and thus ensuring proper orientation of the needles with respect to longitudinal slots 7 , 8 . in fig7 ( a ), suture 40 is shown forming a loop 45 as it passes through the eyes 30 e , 31 e of the needles . in fig2 ( b ), loop 45 of suture 40 is shown pulled downward from eyes 30 e , 31 e , out through longitudinal slots 7 , 8 in cylindrical member 2 , and down around the distal end 2 b , where it is held in place in distal end slot 6 . since the actuating mechanism and needles of the third embodiment described above are disposable , there is no need for these components to be cleansed and sterilized between uses , thus saving time and reducing possibility of contamination . next , is a description of the method steps involved in using the medical instrument of the present invention . these method steps are shown in fig4 and 5 . first , ( step s 1 ), a length of suture 40 is threaded through the eye 30 e of one needle 30 , around the slot 6 at the distal end of the hollow cylindrical member or tube , and then through the eye 31 e of the needle 31 on the opposite side of the cylindrical member . once the suture 40 has been threaded through the needles 30 , 31 and the distal end slot 6 as described , and the needles 30 , 31 are placed in a closed position ( step s 2 ), the instrument is ready for insertion ( step s 3 ) into the surgical opening 43 . the proper insertion depth is determined when mark 36 on the hollow cylindrical member is visible by the surgical viewing camera ( not shown ) and is determined to be inserted below the inner most layer 51 of tissue 50 , and into the operative surgical area 44 . this ensures that the proximal ends of the needles are lower than the inner most layer 51 of tissue 50 , the knob on the shaft is turned ( step s 4 ) to deploy the proximal end of the needles out through longitudinal slots 7 , 8 to a predetermined distance from the outside of the cylindrical member . the distance of deployment of the needles 30 , 31 is approximately 0 . 5 to 2 cm , and when the needles are so deployed , the instrument is in an open position . the instrument is then ready to be withdrawn from the opening 43 . the instrument is withdrawn ( step s 5 ) until the needles 30 , 31 pierce through the layers of tissue 50 and for the tips 30 t , 31 t of the needles to emerge through the outer skin surface 52 , whereby the suture 40 can be easily removed ( step s 6 ) from the needle eyes 30 e , 31 e . the instrument , while still in its open position , is then reinserted ( step s 7 ) into the opening 43 until the needle tips 30 t , 31 t are below the inner most layer 51 . next , ( step s 8 ) the instrument is closed ( needles 30 e , 31 e are retracted through longitudinal slots 7 , 8 into a closed position ), and the instrument is withdrawn from the opening 43 ( step s 9 ). after this , the suture ends 41 are retrieved from below the skin level ( in the subcutaneous tissue 50 ) ( step s 10 ), and required knots 42 are tied to close the opening 43 ( step s 11 ). the above procedure , results in the opening 43 being fastened at both the inner and outer layers 51 , 52 of the tissue 50 . in the case of the third embodiment shown in fig7 ( a ), 7 ( b ), 8 ( a ), and 8 ( b ), the steps required to prepare the instrument are slightly different . with the actuating mechanism and needle subassembly 60 , the suture is pre - threaded through the eyes of needles 30 , 31 and up along the shaft 9 and through sealing member 62 as shown in fig7 ( a ). the subassembly 60 must first be inserted into cylinder member 2 . grooves 2 r of holding member 20 engage with ridges 2 r or the cylindrical member 2 causing the needles 30 , 31 to be properly oriented with respect to longitudinal slots 7 , 8 . once the subassembly is inserted into the cylindrical member , loop 45 of suture 40 is then pulled out through one of longitudinal slots 7 , 8 and down around slot 6 in the distal end 2 b of the cylindrical member . further , the upper ends of the suture are pulled out respectively through longitudinal slots 7 , 8 , causing the instrument to appear as shown in fig7 ( b ). this third embodiment is now ready for use as previously described in method steps s 2 - s 11 . the invention being thus described , it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways . for example the instrument may be provided with more than the two needles described in the embodiment above . further , the materials used to form the components described herein , may be metal , plastic , other suitable material , or combination of materials . plastic components may be more suited for disposable components of the instruments , whereas metal components may be more suited for reusable components of the instruments . as described above , the needles of the medical instrument of the present invention may be formed with different lengths in order to accommodate the closing of surgical openings in tissues having different thicknesses . further , the needles may be formed such that different types of suture may be used . these and other variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention , and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims .
a medical instrument used for closing an opening for surgery in which a trocar is used , and a method of securely closing the opening . the instrument includes a hollow tube , into which is inserted an elongated actuating mechanism , having at least two needles that can be positioned in a closed or an open position . by securing a suture on the needles , inserting the instrument into the surgical opening , placing the needles into the open position , withdrawing the instrument through the body tissue , and tying the sutures , a secure closure of the surgical opening can be achieved .