fig1 to 3 illustrate a preferred example of a breast shield 4 according to the invention . fig3 shows a breast shield set with the coupling part 3 . fig1 shows the breast shield 4 according to the invention applied to a female breast b . the breast shield 4 has a connector 40 , a funnel 42 and a transition region 44 connecting the connector 40 and the funnel 42 . there is preferably a radially outwardly protruding flange 41 between the connector 40 and funnel 42 . a continuous passage 43 extends through the entire breast shield 4 such that the breast shield is designed to be open at two opposite ends . the breast shield 4 is preferably of rotationally symmetrical design . in one embodiment , the breast shield 4 does not have any further elements , such as inserts , for example . the breast shield 4 is preferably designed as a single piece , and is composed of plastic , preferably of silicone , for example . the connector 40 is of solid design , i . e . relatively stiff design , and serves for the coupling to the coupling part 3 . the connector 40 has a wall thickness which is much greater than the wall thickness of the funnel 42 . in this example , the connector 40 is of conical design at the outer circumference thereof while the connector is preferably of rotationally symmetrical design . the conicity facilitates the insertion into the coupling part 3 and also increases the tightness of the connection to the coupling part 3 . the tightness is furthermore obtained by the connector 40 , due to the material , being slightly compressed in the coupling part . for this purpose , the outside diameter of the connector 40 is slightly larger than the inside diameter of the coupling part 3 . example external diameters of the connector 40 are 8 mm to 40 mm . example lengths are 5 mm to 40 mm . the funnel 42 serves to receive the mother &# 39 ; s breast . the funnel is preferably configured to be highly flexible . the funnel is of substantially more flexible and soft design than the connector 40 . because of the flexibility , the funnel adapts its shape to the shape of the breast . the funnel has a wall thickness which is many times smaller than the wall thickness of the connector 40 . alternatively , the connector 40 and funnel 42 may also have the same wall thickness , wherein , in this case , the connector 40 is preferably manufactured from a material having a greater shore hardness or has reinforcement . the funnel 42 preferably has a shore a hardness of about 50 and the connector 40 has a shore a hardness of about 70 . fig3 illustrates the breast shield 4 when not in use . the funnel 42 has at least two regions : a main region 420 and a front , breast - shield - side end region 421 . the end region 421 forms the breast - shield - side end of the breast shield and therefore ends freely . when not in use , the main region 420 has a first opening angle α 1 and the end region has a second opening angle α 2 . the first opening angle α 1 is smaller than the second opening angle α 2 . in addition , the wall is preferably bent over outward in the end region 421 . as can be seen in fig1 and 2 , the first opening angle α 1 can be enlarged upon axial contact pressure on the breast such that the end region 421 adapts itself optimally to the shape of the breast . as can be seen in the figures , the main region 420 directly adjoins the end region 421 . at the other end , the main region 420 directly adjoins the transition region 44 . in the transition region 44 there is a further , third opening angle α 3 , which is likewise larger than the first opening angle of the main region 420 . the third opening angle serves as a predetermined value for the main region for enlarging the angle . the angles when not in use are preferably , for the first opening angle α 1 & lt ; 5 °, for the second opening angle α 2 , 90 ° to 160 ° and for the third opening angle α 3 , 60 ° to 150 °. when in use , at least the first opening angle α 1 can be enlarged preferably to an angle of up to 10 °. the funnel 42 has a length l of 10 mm to 40 mm . the diameter d in the front end region is preferably 5 mm to 40 mm , in particular 20 mm to 40 mm . as a result , the funnel 42 is so small , that the funnel surrounds only the nipple or in addition , at the most a portion or all of the areola of the breast . this corresponds approximately to the portion of the breast that is taken into the mouth by a baby . the funnel 42 is of frustoconical design in the region of the connector 40 , said funnel opening toward the breast . the front , breast - side border thereof is inclined outward to a greater degree than the connector - side part . since the breast shield 4 or at least the funnel 42 is configured to be flexible , the mother , by choosing the contact pressure , can select how much of the breast is actually surrounded by the breast shield 4 . the contact pressure is produced from the axial pressure on the funnel 42 and the counterpressure from the mother &# 39 ; s breast . in fig1 , the contact pressure is relatively large and the funnel is expanded , and , in fig2 , the pressure is smaller and the funnel 42 merely encloses the nipple . by choosing the contact pressure , the tightness of bearing against the breast can also be adjusted and therefore the expressing operation can be adjusted to be as comfortable as possible for the mother . as can be seen in fig3 , the breast shield 4 is plugged into the coupling part 3 . the coupling part 3 is preferably likewise configured to be small , but to be as stiff as possible . in the outer circumference thereof , the coupling part is preferably of cylindrical design and , in the inner circumference thereof , is frustoconical or conical , respectively . the coupling part 3 has a u - shaped cross section , i . e . is designed to be open at one end and closed at the opposite end . there is therefore a blind hole into which the connector 40 of the breast shield 4 can be pushed as far as the stop 41 . in fig3 , the breast shield 4 is not yet fully pushed in . as can be seen , however , in the fully - pushed in state , there is a gap between the end side of the connector 40 and the rear wall of the coupling part 3 , the gap forming a fluid passageway from the passage 43 to a port opening 31 in the coupling part 3 . the port opening 31 serves for the connection of a vacuum line and / or milk line . if the vacuum line and milk line run separately from each other , there are therefore two port openings in the coupling part 3 . the port openings may be provided with nonreturn valves . the vacuum line leads to the vacuum pump and the milk line to the milk collecting container . the lines can simply be plugged into the openings . however , they may also be connected fixedly to the coupling part 3 , or there may be plug - in or plug - on means , for example connectors , for connection to the lines . the at least one port opening 31 may be provided at different locations . in fig3 , the port opening 31 is arranged in the upper region in the rear wall of the coupling part 3 . in fig4 , the port opening 31 is arranged centrally in the rear wall . in fig5 , the port opening 31 is arranged in the casing , but in the rear region close to the rear wall , and is preferably arranged in the upper region . fig6 once again shows the situation according to fig3 , but without the breast shield 4 plugged in . if the port opening 31 in particular for the milk line is arranged at the top , the residual air in the coupling part 3 is sucked off together with the milk and the dead volume is reduced once again . in use , the breast shield 4 and coupling part 3 no longer have any air chambers . the clearances thereof , if still present , are filled with milk . so that the port opening 31 is actually directed upward during use , a corresponding marking , for example , can be indicated on the coupling part 3 . the breast shield can be used with all types of breast pumps . however , it is advantageous when used with the devices illustrated in fig7 to 9 for expressing human breast milk . fig7 and 8 illustrate a first embodiment of a device of this type . the device has a vacuum pump 1 , a first line 2 , the coupling part 3 , the breast shield 4 , a nonreturn valve 5 , a second line 6 and a milk collecting container 7 . the breast shield 4 is connected to the vacuum pump 1 via the coupling part 3 and the first flexible line 2 . the second flexible line 6 leads from the vacuum pump 1 to the milk collecting container 7 , the connection being provided with the nonreturn valve 5 . the two flexible lines 2 , 6 are preferably tubes , in particular made of silicone . as illustrated in fig9 , the milk collecting container 7 may alternatively also be fastened directly to the vacuum pump 1 . for this purpose , there is preferably a suitably shaped adapter 70 on the milk collecting container 7 , its adapter being detachably connectable to a housing 10 of the vacuum pump . the vacuum pump 1 has the abovementioned housing 10 , a side wall of the housing 10 not being illustrated in the drawings . as a result , the interior of the housing 10 can be revealed . there is an electric motor 11 in the housing 10 . the electric motor can be operated from the electric supply network and / or the motor can be battery operated . a force transfer unit 12 , here a connecting rod connected to the motor , transfers the rotational movement of the motor into a linear movement . the connecting rod 12 is connected at the second end thereof to a diaphragm 14 . the diaphragm 14 is arranged in a recess of the housing 10 , which forms part of a pump chamber . a cover 13 which is detachably connectable to the housing 10 secures the diaphragm 14 in its position . instead of the drive , other types of drives , in particular manual drives , can also be used . the cover 13 is preferably screwed to the housing 10 . other types of connection are likewise possible . the cover 13 likewise has a recess such that the cover forms a second part of the pump chamber . the two parts of the pump chamber are separated from each other by the diaphragm 14 . the cover can be formed as a single piece or as a number of pieces . the cover 13 can be formed as a single piece or as a number of pieces . the cover forms not only a tight closure but also serves as a valve plate for the diaphragm vacuum pump . passages and valves ( not illustrated in detail here ) which enable the vacuum to be built up in the cover - or breast - side part of the pump chamber are therefore arranged in the cover 13 . the operation of the diaphragm pump is not described in detail here since it is well known . by means of a drive , here by means of a motor 11 and connecting rod 12 , the diaphragm is moved cyclically to and fro such that a negative pressure is generated in the breast - shield - side or cover - side part of the pump chamber . instead of the drive illustrated here , other types of drive suitable for moving the diaphragm 14 cyclically can also be used . the electronics required for operating the pump and the control elements are not illustrated here . use may be made of known means . the pump can be operated with a temporally constant cycle , or , as is known in the prior art , the suction curve may be adapted in the shape , frequency and intensity thereof to the suction behavior of the baby and / or to the requirements of the mother . in the cover 13 , i . e . in the valve plate , there is a first outlet opening 130 which connects the environment to the cover - side part of the pump chamber . the outlet opening 130 serves as a first port for the first line 2 . a second outlet opening 131 , which likewise connects the cover - and the breast - side part of the pump chamber to the surroundings , respectively , is designed as a second port . the second port is provided with the nonreturn valve 5 . use is made here of a spout valve which is plugged onto a connector . however , other types of valve are also usable . in use , the breast shield 4 is placed onto the mother &# 39 ; s breast such that the breast shield at least surrounds the nipple . preferably , at maximum the areola is additionally surrounded by the breast shield 4 . the vacuum pump 1 is switched on and operated in a known manner . the vacuum generated in the pump chamber evacuates the first line 2 such that there is a negative pressure in the breast shield 4 . as a result , milk is expressed from the mother &# 39 ; s breast and passes through the breast shield 4 and the coupling part 3 into the first line 2 . the milk flows through the first port 130 into the cover - side part of the pump chamber . the expressed milk leaves the pump chamber through the second port 131 and the nonreturn valve 5 and passes into the milk collecting container via the second line 6 ( see fig8 ) or else , depending on the embodiment , directly ( see fig9 ). there is therefore no separate line for transporting the milk . the first line 2 serves at the same time as a suction line and as a milk transport line . after initial pneumatic pumping , the device therefore changes to hydraulic pumping . this is a further approximation to the natural sucking of babies . the diaphragm 14 in the pump chamber has three functions . first , the diaphragm , forms the diaphragm of the diaphragm vacuum pump and thus generates the vacuum in the pump chamber . second , the diaphragm serves as a partition wall between the air in the pump - side part of the pump chamber and the milk in the cover - side part of the pump chamber . the diaphragm therefore serves as a means of separating media . and thereby prevents milk from being able to pass into the pump unit . however , the diaphragm also prevents dirt from the pump unit from being able to pass into the first and second lines 2 , 6 . third , the cyclic movement of the diaphragm within the pump chamber results in the diaphragm conveying and transporting the milk . due to the third function of the diaphragm 14 , during the expressing operation , the milk collecting container 7 , breast shield 4 and vacuum pump 1 can be arranged in positions which are independent of one another . for example , the milk collecting container 7 can be located above the vacuum pump 1 and / or the breast shield 4 . the vacuum pump 1 may also be above the milk collecting container 7 and / or the breast shield 4 . this enables the mother to express milk even while lying down or , if she is seated , to place the milk collecting container 7 and the vacuum pump 1 onto a shelf or another raised platform out of the reach of small children . in the examples according to fig7 to 9 , a negative pressure of 0 to 300 mmhg is preferably generated . the pumping frequency is preferably between 5 and 120 cycles per minute . the nonreturn valve 5 preferably opens only when there is sufficient pressure , i . e . when the pump chamber is sufficiently filled with milk . as a result , the dead volume , which has to be evacuated , can be kept to a minimum . the breast shield according to the invention is pleasant for the mother to wear and reduces the air - or milk - filled dead volume to a minimum when expressing breast milk .
a breast shield has a tubular connector and a funnel that is integrally formed thereon , and is intended for resting on a mother &# 39 ; s breast . the funnel widens toward the free side thereof which faces away from the connector . a passage , which extends continuously from a breast - side end of the funnel as far as a pump - side end , being opposite the breast - side end , of the connector , and serves to apply a vacuum to the mother &# 39 ; s breast and for the flowing away of the expressed breast milk . the funnel is of more flexible design than the connector , and the funnel has a main region extending over a substantial part of the length thereof with a first opening angle of the passage , and a breast - side end region with a second opening angle of the passage . when not in use , the first opening angle is smaller than the second opening angle . in use , at least the first opening angle can be enlarged by axial pressure on the breast shield . the breast shield is pleasant to wear and minimizes the dead volume .