the present invention shows a fundamental novelty over the orthodontics devices actually existing ; said novelty is the existence of an active groove ( 8 ) which is located in the cap ( 3 ), and not in the base ( 2 ) which is usual in the mentioned patents of the actual state of the art . the treatment wire is inserted in said active groove ( 8 ), whereby said active groove ( 8 ) may have torques and tips at different angles ( see fig2 ). the base includes in its form the torque , the tip , the in / out ( rotation of the tooth with respect to its axis ) and the shape that adapts itself to the tooth by means of a retentive surface . as the cap ( 3 ) is coupled to the base ( 2 ) by means of retention mechanisms , it &# 39 ; s easy to interchange the cap , or rather . to change the degree of torque and tip , according to the requirements of the moment for an determined orthodontic problem . in the fig1 there are shown the fundamental pieces of the present invention , in which there can be seen the tooth ( 1 ), the base ( 2 ) and the cap ( 3 ). the tooth ( 1 ) with its lingual face ( 4 ), and its a labial face ( 5 ). the base ( 2 ) is cemented onto said tooth ( 1 ) with its retentive surface ( 6 ) being the one which is cemented onto the tooth ( 1 ), and with its active surface ( 7 ), which is the one that is coupled to the cap ( 3 ). the cap ( 3 ) has the active groove ( 8 ), in which the orthodontic arch is inserted , and some coupling mechanisms ( 9 ) so that said cap ( 3 ) can be easily coupled to / released from the active surface ( 7 ) of the base ( 2 ). the base ( 2 ) is cemented onto the tooth ( 1 ), and it is universal and shows a number of characteristics such as the torque or inclination of the tooth in the vestibular - lingual direction , tip or mesiodistal inclination , height or protrusion degree of the dental crown with respect to the other teeth , and rotation of the tooth in relation to its axial axis . said morphological characteristics are invariable , and they correspond to average values , thereby existing a base for each tooth with fixed values of torque and tip , which are of the average values of the possible range ( maximum and minimum value of the torque and the tip ). the base ( 2 ) shows , as said already , a retentive surface ( 6 ) to be fixed at the tooth , which shows an irregular form or “ grid ” form in order to facilitate its being cemented ( glued ) onto the tooth . the so - called active surface ( 7 ), is not in fact active , but rather is simply a contacting area with the cap . the reason why it has been called “ active ” is because it transmits the forces which the corrector wire introduces onto the cap ( 3 ) and is adhered to the tooth ( 1 ) by means of its adjustment on the base . the force application path is : -& gt ; active groove ( 8 ) of the cap -& gt ; body of the cap ( 3 ) -& gt ; contact surface cap - base or active surface ( 7 ) -& gt ; body of the base ( 2 ) -& gt ; retentive area base / tooth or retentive surface ( 6 ) -& gt ; tooth ( 1 ). the cap ( 3 ) has as the most important part of the invention the active groove ( 8 ) in which the treatment wire is inserted and said active groove ( 8 ) can have different torques and tips . therefore , caps should be with different characteristics ( torque and tip ), thereby being able to vary the standard effect of the base on the tooth . as said before , the torque is variable in function of the cap ( 3 ) used , since caps are used with different torques , which can go from 0 ° up to 15 ° in increments of one degree , and which , depending on the position of the cap , will introduce into the axial inclination of the tooth a positive or negative torque , as can be seen in fig2 . in the same way , one may act in relation to the mesiodistal inclination or tip , by giving to the active groove different mesiodistal inclinations , that can go from 10 up to 120 in increments of one degree . the base ( 2 ) and the cap ( 3 ) are joined by means of a retention system , whereby said retention system can be implemented in different ways that will depend both on the form of the base ( 2 ) as well as on the form of the cap ( 3 ), whereby both forms thereof must complement each other . the fig3 , 4 , 5 , and 6 show a first preferred embodiment of the present invention , the fig3 shows the base ( 2 ), the fig4 shows the cap ( 3 ), the fig5 shows some retention clips between the base and the cap , of the fig3 and 4 , and the fig6 shows tweezers for the handling of the aforementioned members . the base ( 2 ) can be of circular oval or rectangular shape and is composed of the following members : a retentive surface ( 6 ) being able to be cemented onto the surface of the tooth ; an active surface ( 7 ), onto which is adapted the base of the cap ( 3 ) shown in the fig4 and from which retentive wings emerge , each pair of them showing two stabilising tongues ( 24 ) and between them a retentive tongue ( 25 ) with an thickened finish of its end , which we shall call the end side of the retentive tongues ( 26 ), whereby each one of the stabilising tongues ( 24 ) shows a small retentive hole ( 27 ) in order to be able to pull the tooth by means of metallic ties if needed . the cap ( 3 ) has the shape of a hemisphere and incorporates the following elements : an active groove ( 8 ) which is the essential part of the present invention and as said before , can have different angles with respect to the base in which the corrector wire is inserted . the active groove can either be simply carved into the material that forms the body of the cap ( 3 ) or show a metallic reinforcement , which will allow for a lesser friction with the orthodontic wire being used . some retentive grooves or elements , which can be of different shapes depending on the specific embodiment , but in a preferred embodiment are consisting of four grooves of stabilising tongues ( 34 ) destined to lodge the retentive tongues ( 25 ) of the base , two grooves of retentive tongues ( 35 ) destined to lodge the retentive tongues ( 25 ) of the base , and in the surface of the cap two lateral holes whose function is a double one : on one hand it serves as a retention of the ends of the retentive tongues ( 26 ), or on the other hand to favour the retention of the auxiliary clips which are detailed further on . the retention system can be diverse , depending on the direction in which the cap fits to the base . the retentive grooves or elements can be either in the base , or in the cap . the auxiliary clips ( 10 ) have an elongated form and show the following characteristics : the body ( 12 ), a part onto which this surface of the cap ( 3 ) is adhered . the retentive ends ( 13 ) which are adjusted at the level of the lateral holes ( 9 ) of the surface of the cap ( 3 ). the arms ( 14 ), whose function is to facilitate the adjustment of elastics or retention wires . these arms may show ends of diverse forms , depending on their function or clinical utility . they serve to engage these active devices , such as elastics or elastic chains frequently used in orthodontics , whereby these arms can be a part of the cap or of the base , like fixed elements thereof ( not removable ). the tweezer ( 11 ) is needed to be able to disengage the cap ( 3 ) from the base ( 2 ) by acting on the auxiliary clips ( 10 ). they show stoppers ( 15 ) at the level of the two ends thereof , which , by pressing at the level of the lateral holes ( 9 ) of the surface of the cap ( 3 ) on the retentive area of the ends of the retentive tongues ( 26 ) of the base ( 3 ), release the existing mechanical retention and thus allow the cap ( 3 ) to glide over the stabilising tongues ( 24 ) and set it off from the active surface ( 2 ) of the device &# 39 ; s base ( 2 ). the posterior part of the tweezer ( 11 ) may show the form of a lever ( 16 ) to facilitate its use on the retentive ends ( 13 ) of the auxiliary clips ( 10 ), with the aim to unblock its fixation at the level of the lateral holes ( 9 ) of the surface of the cap ( 3 ). said tweezers may have varied forms according to the retention mechanisms being used . once the preferred embodiment has been described , it is yet to say that the fixation systems may be diverse and that other preferred embodiments could be made , such like those shown in fig7 to 9 . in these drawings it can be seen that the retention is made through dovetails which can be positioned perpendicularly to the vestibular surface ( fig7 to 8 ) or even tangentially to said surface of the tooth ( fig9 ), whereby one or the other is selected depending on the advantages of manufacture . in the fig7 the retentive mechanism ( 41 ) is the dovetail , and in order to disengage it , it must be pressed inwards in parallel direction to the tooth , quite the contrary as with the retention mechanism ( 42 ) of the fig8 which must be extracted outwards . in the fig9 the retention mechanism ( 43 ) will be the disengaged by applying perpendicular forces to the surface of the tooth . the previous description of the preferred embodiments is provided in order to allow to any person skilled in the art to produce or to use the present invention . various modifications on these embodiments can be easily done by someone skilled in the art , and the generic principles herein defined can be applicable to other embodiments
the invention relates to a mechanical device for use in orthodontics . the inventive device essentially comprises a base which is cemented onto a tooth and a cap or closure element which is mounted on the base . according to the invention , the device has the following functional characteristics : an orthodontic wire insertion groove which is provided on the cap or closure element instead of at the base of the bracket as is usual ; the adjustment of the wire by means of a pull mechanism which is provided on the cap or closure element ; a self - closing system for the wire ; an aesthetic , functional design with minimum friction on soft tissues ; customisation of the torque and the tip , such that suitable values can be applied according to the requirements of each case and treatment phase ; and minimisation of the time required to adjust arcs in the mouth .