[ 0033 ] fig1 a and 1b show a first embodiment of a magnetic anastomotic component 10 having a ring - shaped body 12 and an opening 14 . as shown in fig1 b the component body 12 is generally flat . however , as shown in fig1 c , the body 12 may be curved , for example , to match the curvature of a vessel to which it is secured . [ 0034 ] fig2 a shows a magnetic anastomotic component 16 with an opening 18 . the body of the component 16 has an oval or elliptical shape with leading edges 20 for facilitating atraumatic introduction into a vessel . as shown in fig2 b , the component 16 is flat . as in the above embodiment , however , the component 16 could be curved instead , for example , in a manner similar to the curvature of the anastomotic component 22 shown in fig3 a - 3 b . also , the curvature may extend over all or a portion of the length ( or width ) of the component . [ 0035 ] fig4 shows the anastomotic component 22 of fig3 a and 3b mounted on the side wall of a vessel v . according to the preferred embodiments , the component is secured to the vessel without projecting into the vessel lumen , thereby avoiding potential problems associated with foreign material located in the vessel lumen . the component may be secured to the exterior of the vessel by suitable means , for example , adhesive , mechanical fasteners , or both . [ 0036 ] fig5 a and 5b show the anastomotic component 16 of fig2 a and 2b mounted on a side wall of a vessel v . fig5 b shows mechanical fastening means , the illustrated means being in the form of sutures s , which are used to attach the component 16 to the vessel v . while sutures s are shown , it will be recognized that any suitable mechanical fastener may be used , e . g ., clips , stents , barbs , hooks , wires , etc . in the embodiments of fig4 and fig5 a - 5 b , the anastomotic component is secured to the exterior of the vessel wall by suitable means . fig6 a and 6b show anastomoses between two vessels v 1 and v 2 . in fig6 a , the vessels have mounted thereto , respectively , magnetically attracted anastomotic components 24 , 26 . ( for clarity , the components are shown slightly separated .) the components 24 , 26 are rectangular in cross - section . in fig6 b the vessels v 1 , v 2 have mounted thereto , respectively , components 28 , 30 . the components 28 , 30 are provided with a curved exterior surface that generally corresponds to the curvature of the walls of vessels v 1 and v 2 . the anastomoses shown in fig6 a and 6b are created without placing any component portion in the vessel lumen . fig6 c shows an embodiment wherein a vessel v 1 has an anastomotic component 32 secured thereto , while a vessel v 2 has an anastomotic component comprising portions 34 a and 34 b secured thereto . unlike the embodiments of fig6 a and 6b , thought , the portion 34 b of the one component is disposed within the lumen of vessel v 2 . [ 0039 ] fig7 a shows a vessel v prior to forming an opening in the wall thereof . fig7 b shows the vessel v after an opening 0 has been formed therein . fig7 c shows an anastomotic component 36 positioned around the outside of the opening in the vessel v . an internal locking member 38 , which may be in the form of a snap ring , is positioned within the vessel lumen and cooperates with a groove in component 36 to secure the vessel and component together . fig7 d shows an anastomotic component 40 positioned around the end of a vessel v . the internal locking component 38 cooperates with a groove in the component 40 to secure the component to the end of the vessel ( as opposed to the side wall of the vessel , as in the previous embodiments ). [ 0040 ] fig8 a shows a magnetic anastomotic component 42 having an opening 44 and a pair of attachment tabs 46 with openings 48 . the component 42 is mounted to the exterior of a vessel ( not shown ), for example , by passing a fastener ( also not shown ) through each opening 48 into engagement with the vessel tissue . alternatively , the tabs 46 and openings 48 may be used as secondary securing means , for example , if the component 42 is secured to the vessel by other means , e . g ., adhesive . [ 0041 ] fig8 b shows a magnetic anastomotic component 50 having an opening 52 and attachment structure 54 to facilitate securing the component to a vessel ( not shown ). as above , the structure 54 may be used alone or in combination with other means for securing the component to the vessel . in the illustrated embodiment , the attachment structure 54 is affixed to the component 50 to define a plurality of openings 56 which may be use to receive sutures , clips , clamps , pins , barbs , or other securing or fastening means . one benefit of the embodiments of fig8 a - 8 b and 9 a - 9 b is that the attachment structure is disposed away from ( or below ) the magnetic coupling surface of the component . that is , the exposed surface of the first component is free to mate with the exposed surface of the second component without interference from the attachment structure . as a result , one or both components can be firmly affixed to its vessel without adversely affecting the anastomosis . fig9 a - 9 c show three embodiments of magnetic anastomotic components that are provided with structure for increasing the traction or gripping force between the components and a vessel to which they are secured . in fig9 a , anastomotic component portions 58 a , 58 b sandwich a vessel wall w and are preferably provided with a layer of material to enhance engagement with the tissue . fig9 b shows component portions 60 a and 60 b , each of which includes a projection 62 at the end thereof which grabs the tissue of the vessel wall w , thereby enhancing securement . fig9 c shows anastomotic component portions 64 a and 64 b , each of which is provided with a series of grooves or annulations 66 that grippingly engage the tissue of the vessel wall w . fig1 a - 10 c show an anastomotic component 68 with an opening 70 and a plurality of grooves or bumps 72 . the grooves or bumps 72 , which may also be in the forms of ridges , serrations , sharp or dull edges , etc ., grab the tissue of the vessel to which the component is secured , which provides additional attachment force . fig1 c shows the ridges 72 having sharp points 74 to further enhance engagement with the tissue . fig1 a - 11 c show a magnetic anastomotic component 74 with an opening 76 and a peripheral edge 76 that defines a sharp point 78 . as shown in fig1 b , a second anastomotic component 80 may be used with the component 74 , the component 80 having a complimentary - shaped edge 82 which cooperates with the edge 76 to sealingly and grippingly grab tissue of a vessel to which the components are secured . fig1 c shows a variation of the component 74 wherein a plurality of edges 74 ′ and 76 ′ are provided . a modified second component 80 ′ has a plurality of complimentary edges 82 ′ that mate with the edges 76 ′ of component 74 ′. in each of these embodiments the force - increasing structure is shown running along the entire length of the component . it will be appreciated that such structure may be extend along all or any portion of the component , and could extend across the width or longitudinal axis of the component , rather than along the axis , as in fig1 a - 10 c . the attachment force - increasing embodiments of fig9 a - 9 c , 10 a - 10 c and 11 a - 11 c provide several benefits . in addition to enhancing attachment of the component to the vessel , the resulting anastomosis may have higher resistance to bursting under high pressures , e . g ., acute pressure increases . for example , placing a rough or bumpy parylene coating on the surface of a magnetic component produces higher burst pressure resistance than using a smooth surface . it is desirable to increase pressure resistance , preferably without increasing the risk of occlusion . according to the invention , the components described above may be secured to the vessel by various means . for example , the component may be adhesively attached to the exertion of the vessel so that the lumen of the vessel is free of any component portion . in addition to the adhesive securement of the component , any of the above - described traction or tissue - gripping structure may be used as well . additionally , the component may be provided with tabs or other attachment structure as described above . fig1 a - 12 d show a magnetic anastomotic component 84 having a rounded configuration designed to mate with the curvature of a vessel , and an opening 86 adapted to communicate with the vessel lumen . the thickness of the component 84 is tapered across its width ( fig1 c ) and may be tapered more or less from the specific configuration shown . fig1 a - 13 c show an anastomosis created according to another embodiment of the invention . a first vessel v 1 and a second vessel v 2 are provided with respective magnetically - attracted components 88 , 90 . the component 88 has an intravascular portion 92 and an extravascular portion 94 , while the component 90 has an intravascular portion 96 and an extravascular portion 98 as shown best in fig1 a and 13c . the extravascular portions 94 , 98 of the respective components are flat and provide a flat engagement to enhance the magnetic force holding the components together . fig1 a - 14 d show a magnetic anastomotic component 100 having a luminal opening 102 and a plurality of slots 104 . the slots 104 serve any of several purposes including allowing tissue ingrowth to promote attachment to the vessel , enhance traction between the component 100 and the vessel to which it is attached , etc . fig1 a - 15 d show a magnetic anastomotic component 106 with a luminal opening 108 and a plurality of apertures 110 disposed around its perimeter . the apertures 110 give the component 106 a frame - like structure and may serve any of the purposes described above with respect to the previous embodiment . it will be noted that the components 106 and 100 , while illustrated as being curved to match the curvature of a vessel or mating component ( not shown ), they may instead be flat or otherwise configured . [ 0052 ] fig1 a and 16b show a magnetic anastomotic component 112 being attached to a vessel v according to one embodiment of the inventions . an opening o is formed in an opening of a side wall of the vessel v and a magnetic anastomotic component 112 is moved into position such that the luminal 114 of the component is aligned with the opening o ( fig1 b ). [ 0053 ] fig1 c and 16d show a magnetic anastomotic component 116 being secured to a vessel v according to another embodiment of the invention . in this embodiment , the component 116 is lowered against and secured to the vessel wall as in the above embodiment . however , an opening is formed in the vessel after placing the component in this embodiment . as shown in fig1 b , a suitable instrument is used to remove the tissue circumscribed by the opening 116 of the component 116 . the components 112 and 116 may be secured to the exterior of the wall of vessel v by any suitable means disclosed herein . [ 0054 ] fig1 a shows an anastomosis between first and second vessels v 1 and v 2 which are provided , respectively , with magnetically attracted components 120 , 122 . as shown in fig1 b , of the components 120 , 122 have mating surfaces which are positioned against each other and held by magnetism to create the anastomosis . fig1 a - 18 d show a magnetic anastomotic component being secured to the exterior of a vessel wall according to still another embodiment of the invention . delivery device d includes an internal placement member 130 which is used to place a magnetic anastomotic component 132 . the placement member 130 is positioned within the lumen of the vessel through an incision in the wall , and the anastomotic component 132 is slid down against the exterior of the vessel . magnetic attraction holds the component 132 in position around the incision . it should be noted that in positioning the placement member within the lumen of the vessel v , the delivery device is manipulated , typically by pulling up to tension the vessel wall , and the edges of the incision are positioned around a portion 134 of the delivery device d so as to make the incision the desired size . when the edges of the incision are so positioned , the anastomotic component 132 is slid down and the magnetic attraction captures the edges of the incision , thereby maintaining a suitable size opening . next , the delivery device d is removed as shown in fig1 c . finally , as shown in fig1 d , the internal placement member 130 is pushed distally and rotated and then removed ( for example , by wires w ) through the incision in the vessel v . the magnetic anastomotic component 132 is preferably provided with adhesive to secure the component to the vessel . alternatively , adhesive may be applied around the incision on the vessel and the component 132 moved into contact therewith . [ 0058 ] fig1 shows an embodiment of the invention where a magnetic anastomotic component 136 is secured to an intermediate member 138 , for example a dacron blanket , which itself is secured to the wall of a vessel v . these embodiments may be practiced by forming a blanket or surface of adhesive on the vessel exterior , and then forming the incision through the adhesive ( which may be less difficult than incising the vessel wall directly ). the invention may be practiced using any suitable biocompatible adhesives . in general , fibrin sealants and cyanoacrylate esters are the two types of adhesives widely used for biological bonding . gelatin - resorcinol - formaldehyde glues have limited use as well . other possible bioadhesives include gelatin - resorcinol - formaldehyde glue , bovine albumin , glutaraldehyde , marine organism ( mussel ) based , collagen and thrombin . fibrin sealants are biodegradable , adhere well to connective tissue , promote wound healing , and generally have less bond strength than cyanoacrylate esters . a two - part system may be used to apply the sealant , or a one - part , ready - to - use formulation may be used instead . the adhesives used may have or not have antifibrinolytic agents ( e . g ., aprotinin , etc .) those skilled in the art will recognize that many modifications , alterations and variations of the illustrated embodiments may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims . for example , while the embodiments are described in connection with magnetic anastomotic components , it will be appreciated that various features of the invention may be practiced in conjunction with non - magnetic anastomotic components . further , it will be appreciated that , independent of the specific illustrated embodiments , the components disclosed herein may be used to create end - to - end , end - to - side or side - to - side anastomoses , between blood vessels or any hollow anatomical structures .
methods and devices using magnetic force to form an anastomosis between hollow bodies . end - to - side , side - to - side and end - to - end anastomoses can be created without using suture or any other type of mechanical fasteners , although such attachment means may be used in practicing some aspects of the invention . magnetic anastomotic components may be attached to the exterior of a vessel , e . g ., by adhesive , without extending into the vessel lumen . various magnetic component configurations are provided and may have different characteristics , for example , the ability to match the vessel curvature or to frictionally engage the vessel .