while the present invention is susceptible of embodiment in various forms , there is shown in the drawings and will hereinafter be described a presently preferred embodiment with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments illustrated . referring generally to the figures , disclosed is an exemplary embodiment of the thread thru polyaxial pedicle screw system for use in a spinal fixation system . the thread - thru pedicle screw system ( 10 ) is based on an anchoring member formed from a bone screw ( 12 ) including a shank ( 14 ) with at least one helical thread ( 16 ) formed along the length thereof . it is important to note that the proportions of the bone screw depicted are for illustrative purposes only and variations in the length of the shank , diameter of the screw , thread pitch , thread length , number of thread leads , shank induced compression and the like may be varied without departing from the scope of the invention . as will be further described later in this specification , unique to invention is the ability to use various shank widths and thread sizes with the same connector which reduces the manufacturing inventory . at the upper end ( 20 ) of the shank ( 14 ) is a ball shaped spherical connector ( 18 ) having a predetermined diameter . the diameter of the spherical connector ( 18 ) and the width of the shank ( 20 ) control the angular positioning ( a ) of about 60 degrees that the shank has of conical polyaxial motion in relation to the connector assembly ( 30 ). a driver receptacle ( 22 ) is located along the upper end ( 20 ) of the spherical connector for use in installing the bone screw by use of driving tool . it should be noted that the driving receptacle may be any shape , male or female , suitable for cooperation with a driving tool to rotate the bone screw into its final position . the connector assembly ( 30 ) is u - shaped and includes an upper connector member ( 31 ), a lower connector member ( 33 ), and a retainer ring ( 42 ). the upper connector member includes a substantially circular side wall ( 32 ) divided by a pair of u - shaped openings ( 49 ) forming an upstanding first interior side wall ( 34 ) and second interior side wall ( 36 ). a portion of each said side wall is threaded ( 54 ) for receipt of a set screw ( 80 ). the connector assembly is sized to cooperate with the retainer ring ( 42 ) for receipt of various sized rod . fig2 depicts a 6 mm rod ( 70 a ) within the connector member . fig3 depicts a 5 . 5 mm rod ( 70 b ). the outer side walls of the upper connector may include a plurality of recessed grooves ( 35 ). the grooves are constructed and arranged in a horizontal plane , as shown , and may also be placed in a vertical plane , not shown . the horizontal grooves further allow attachment of an extender tube ( not shown ). extender tubes are well known in the art of minimally invasive spinal procedures . vertical placed grooves provide a gripping surface that cooperates with a tool ( not shown ) to allow a physician to apply a counter torque to the connector member during tightening of the fastening member . the upper connector member ( 31 ) preferably includes a shoulder ( 92 ) on the bottom surface thereof for location of the lower connector member ( 33 ) forming a socket area ( 44 ) for receipt of a retainer ring ( 42 ) there between . the socket area ( 44 ) is constructed and arranged to cooperate with the spherical ball connector on the bone screw and is further designed to prevent rotation of the retainer ring ( 42 ) thereby maintaining the saddle surface area in alignment with the u - shaped opening . alignment is maintained by inset side walls ( 45 , 46 ) which operate in conjunction with side walls ( 43 , 48 ) of the retainer ring ( 42 ). the lower connector member ( 33 ) also includes a shoulder ( 96 ) that is constructed and arranged to cooperate with shoulder ( 92 ) to maintain alignment of the two components . the lower connector member ( 33 ) includes a substantially spherical shaped receptacle ( 38 ) which operates in conjunction with the upper component member to house the retainer ring ( 42 ) used to engage the spherical ball ( 18 ). the shoulders ( 92 ) and ( 96 ) are utilized to align the components and the upper and lower connector members , once assembled the connector members are laser welded together . it should be noted that other suitable methods or techniques of attaching the upper and lower connector members together may be utilized without departing from the scope of the invention , such methods may include , but should not be limited to spot welding , threads , adhesives , pins swaging , solder , interference fits and suitable combinations thereof . the retainer ring ( 42 ) is positioned within the lower receptacle ( 38 ) with an upper edge ( 52 ) positionable within the cavity formed by side wall ( 41 ); the retainer ring side wall ( 43 ) cooperates with side wall ( 41 ) of the cavity to prevent rotation of the retainer ring . the inner surface ( 56 ) of the retainer ring has a spherical diameter and provides for self centering by engaging of the outer surface of the spherical connector ( 18 ). the upper surface ( 53 ) of the retainer ring ( 42 ) includes a concave cylindrical surface for cooperation with the connecting rod ( 70 a or 70 b ). the cylindrical surface provides additional surface area for contact with the connecting rod and may include a knurled or otherwise modified surface finish adapted to enhance gripping power between the rod ( 70 a or 70 b ) and the connecting assembly ( 30 ). the retainer ring ( 42 ) includes a biasing member to cause an applied force from the retainer ring ( 42 ) to the spherical ball ( 18 ). in the preferred embodiment the biasing member is a pair of coil springs ( 102 ) that are located to cooperate with spring pockets ( 100 ) positioned in the upper connector member to locate and contain coil springs ( 102 ). the coil springs ( 102 ) bias the retainer ring ( 42 ) toward the opening ( 50 ) of the lower receptacle ( 38 ). once the anchoring member is secured to the bone , a rod ( 70 a or 70 b ) is placed within the connector assembly fits within the u - shaped saddle ( 49 ) and is placed on the surface ( 53 ) of the retainer ring ( 42 ). the set screw ( 80 ) is threaded onto the threads ( 54 ) of the upper connector ( 31 ) wherein the rod ( 70 a or 70 b ) forces the retainer ring ( 42 ) onto the spherical ball connector ( 18 ) locking the assembly into a fixed position . alternatively the upper connector member can include the use of the well know faster type wherein the upper connector member had an external thread and the fastener element would be a nut having internal threads . the surface ( 53 ) of the retainer ring ( 42 ) includes a clamp angle that provides positive contact with the rod connection member along three points , point 1 ( 63 ) and point 2 ( 64 ) are from the shape of the clamp angle with the exact point position dependant upon the diameter of the connecting rod . a third point , point 3 ( 65 ) is supplied by the bottom of the set screw ( 80 ) creating three point securement when used with any diameter rod . the thread - thru pedicle screw system ( 10 ) is constructed through the steps of selecting an anchoring member having a threaded shank ( 16 ) of an elected size for a particular installation . the shank may be small or large , the threads may be small or large , or any combination therebetween . a spherical connector ( 18 ) is of a common size allowing the use of a single sized lower connector element ( 33 ). the threaded shank ( 14 ) is inserted into the opening ( 50 ) of the lower connector member ( 33 ), the lower connector member having a socket ( 38 ) with a centrally disposed aperture which is constructed and arranged to allow the threaded shank to pass through . the lower connector member ( 33 ) includes a pass through thread ( 103 ) which allows the larger threaded shanks to pass through by matching the threaded shank with the pass through thread . in operation , the an oversized bone screw can be installed by use of a helical rotation wherein the bone screw is threaded through the member ( 33 ). the pass through thread ( 103 ) having a helical assembly groove to match the bone screw threads . the spherical connector ( 18 ) remains the same size and is situated in the socket ( 96 ), the design allowing a variety of anchor screws to be inventoried yet only one size connector assembly 30 needs to be inventoried . to assemble , the anchoring screw ( 12 ) and the retainer ring positioned within the socket ( 96 ), the retainer ring ( 42 ) having a lower spherical surface ( 56 ) positionable along an upper surface of the spherical connector ( 18 ), the upper surface ( 53 ) of the retainer ring constructed and arranged to receive a connecting rod ( 70 a or 70 b ). a clearance aperture ( 61 ) allows passage of a driver for use in securing to the bone screw driver receptacle ( 22 ). each of the coil springs ( 102 ) is seated within one of the spring pockets ( 100 ) formed in the upper connector ( 31 ). the upper connector member ( 31 ) is then coupled , or welded as previously mentioned , to the lower connector member ( 33 ) engaging the springs ( 102 ) to bias the retainer ring ( 42 ) against the spherical connector ( 18 ). the spring pockets ( 100 ) each have a longitudinal axis ( l 2 ) that is parallel to the longitudinal axis ( l 1 ) of the connector assembly ( 30 ). as shown in fig5 the springs ( 102 ) are in a compressed state wherein their length is less than when in their neutral or unbiased condition . the spring pockets ( 100 ) are generally cylindrical bores with a diameter sufficiently large enough to receive springs ( 102 ). each of the springs ( 102 ) is in operative engagement with surfaces ( 101 ) on retainer ring ( 42 ), as best seen in fig6 and 8 a , each extending in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the axis ( l 1 ) of the connector assembly ( 30 ). the axis of each these cylindrical bores ( l 2 ) are parallel to the longitudinal axis ( l 1 ) of the connector assembly ( 30 ). the spring members ( 102 ) bias the upper retainer ring ( 42 ) toward the spherical connector ( 18 ) of the bone screw ( 12 ). the springs ( 102 ) apply a substantially uniform downward force upon the upper retainer ring ( 42 ) thereby maintaining the upper retainer ring ( 42 ) in a plane generally perpendicular to a plane that includes the longitudinal axis ( l 1 ) of the connector assembly ( 30 ). the springs ( 102 ) will thereafter serve to maintain a downward force on the upper retainer ring ( 42 ) that in turn produces a downward force on the spherical connector ( 18 ) which in turn exerts a downward force on the surface formed on the inner surface of lower connector member ( 33 ). the downward biasing force created by the springs creates a frictional engagement of the spherical connector ( 18 ) with the retainer ring ( 42 ) as well as the connector assembly ( 30 ). it should be noted that while the biasing member is illustrated as a pair of coil springs ( 102 ), any spring or resilient type member suitable for displacing the retaining ring may be utilized without departing from the scope of the invention . such spring or resilient members may include , but should not be limited to , belleville type springs , leaf springs , polymeric members and suitable combinations thereof . all patents and publications mentioned in this specification are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains . all patents and publications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference . it is to be understood that while a certain form of the invention is illustrated , it is not to be limited to the specific form or arrangement herein described and shown . it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention and the invention is not to be considered limited to what is shown and described in the specification and any drawings / figures included herein . one skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objectives and obtain the ends and advantages mentioned , as well as those inherent therein . the embodiments , methods , procedures and techniques described herein are presently representative of the preferred embodiments , are intended to be exemplary and are not intended as limitations on the scope . changes therein and other uses will occur to those skilled in the art which are encompassed within the spirit of the invention and are defined by the scope of the appended claims . although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments , it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments . indeed , various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the following claims .
a thread - thru polyaxial pedicle screw fastening system . the fastening system consists of an anchoring bone screw having threads on one end for use in anchoring to the screw to the spine and a spherical connector on the other end operating as a pivot point about which a u - shaped connecting assembly moves in a polyaxial fashion . the u - shaped connecting assembly , for receipt of a spinal connecting rod , has a biased retainer ring for maintaining a positive tension between the connecting assembly and the anchored screw . the system allows for an improved manufacturing step wherein the threaded shank of a bone screws can be passed through a lower portion of the connecting assembly allowing a variety of bone screw sizes to be used with a common sized connector . a resilient component positioned between the upper retainer ring and the connecting assembly permits relative predetermined placement and retention of the spherical connector relative to the connector assembly due to the force generated by the resilient component and frictional engagement between the surfaces of spherical connector , the retainer ring and the connector assembly . the polyaxial ball and socket can be locked into a fixed position .