the development of the subject invention began with a concern that the functional and structural characteristics of infants had not been adequately considered in the design of prior art swaddling garments for optimal safety and utility . while today the scientific discipline of ergonomics is routinely concerned with designing according to human needs , the theory , principles and methodology to design in order to optimize human products and system performance is not generally used in the design of infant garments . the present invention has designed novel ergonomic swaddling garments for infants that are compatible with the needs , abilities and limitations of the newborn and their parents or caregivers . there is little question that many clothing and other products used with infants could benefit from redesign based on ergonomic principles . safety , comfort , ease of use , productivity / performance and aesthetics are five basic aspects of ergonomics that have been employed in the design of the swaddling garments of the present invention . it will readily be appreciated that the swaddling garment designs disclosed herein are consistent with the needs of the infant and the demands and requirements of parents or other infant caregivers . principles of material science , mechanical engineering , physiology , kinesiology , physiology and psychology have been incorporated into the subject ergonomic swaddling garments . for example , the need for focused garment countervailing containment forces against the movement of infant &# 39 ; s arms and legs to effect swaddling in concert with the lesser abdominal forces was instrumental in determining the novel peanut - like shape of the garments of the invention . ergonomic swaddling can still be maintain in multifunctional garments providing swaddling in addition to either arm movement or leg movement . it is common pediatric knowledge that many babies wake up frequently during the night exhibiting what is known as the startle reflex , or from self scratching or feeling insecure . swaddling has been a remedy promoting more restful sleep and feelings of security in infants for hundreds of years . current designs do not stay intact throughout the night , lose their durability , or otherwise compromise functionality . the ergonomic swaddling garments of the invention have several key distinguishing characteristics . various types of fabric may be used , including but not limited to nylon , ripstop nylon , rayon , polyester , cotton , fleece , wool , linen , canvas or various blends thereof , including addition of rubber or other elasticized materials . stretch material , two - way or four - way stretch or retractable material is employed . four - way stretch material is an especially preferred embodiment . this fabric will both stretch and breath ( allow appropriate air exchange between the infant and the ambient environment ). cotton / spandex blends are preferred and may have a cotton range from about 50 wt % to about 98 wt % and a spandex range from about 2 wt % to about 98 wt %. an especially preferred material is four - way stretch material comprising 94 % cotton and 6 % spandex . spandex or elastane is a synthetic fiber with exceptional elasticity . lycra is one brand name for spandex . the use of four - way stretch material that can maintain structural integrity by re - conforming after stretching allows infants to have a normal range of motion in a womb - like environment thereby promoting and enhancing motor development while maintaining an effective swaddle . multi - directional expandable fabric in concert with other design characteristics provides exception swaddle benefits . fabric ; multi - layer & amp ; fabric combinations ; heat conductive fabrics ; anti - microbial fabrics ; net - like fabrics for infant jaundice treatment . it is understood that the preferably retractable fabrics of the various garment embodiments of the invention may optionally be multi - layer ( i . e ., with outer shell fabric lined wholly or in part with fleece or other materials ) providing enhanced benefits of comfort , strength , durability , aeration or the like . heat conductive fabrics are weavable yarns whose fibers are metallic or have a heat conducting , metallized coating . these fabrics are woven together with a plurality of yarn layers using , for example , an angle weave to produce an interlocked , multilayer fabric . these fabrics provide heat conduction paths for the efficient transferring of heat from a substrate . such fabrics are variously described as thermal conductive fabrics , heat conductive fabrics or heat generating fabrics . infant jaundice , a yellow discoloration of skin & amp ; eyes , is a relatively common occurrence with newborns , particularly with infants that are premature or born before thirty six weeks of gestation . the yellow coloration is due to an excess of bilirubin a yellow - colored pigment of red blood cells . although an underlying disease may cause jaundice , the most common cause of infant jaundice is usually due to immaturity of the liver and an inability to remove bilirubin from the bloodstream . bilirubin , the causative agent of the yellow color of jaundice , is a normal waste product when old red blood cells are broken down and replaced by new red blood cells . light therapy or phototherapy is a common treatment for infant jaundice . infants are placed under light conditions that emit light in the blue - green portion of the visible light spectrum and filter out the invisible ultraviolet wavelengths of light . during treatment , infants wear only diapers and have protective eye patches . the various fabrics of the invention may conveniently be modified to provide porous or net - like weaves that allow light penetration through the fabric to the infant &# 39 ; s skin . light penetration in the range of 50 - 99 % is preferred . such fabrics are useful to provide benefits of swaddling along with standard light treatment for infant jaundice . the light - porous fabrics must provide sufficient retractability for swaddling and also be sufficiently porous to permit sufficient light permeability for the efficacious treatment of infant jaundice . in recent years considerable attention has been given to the hazards of bacterial contamination . examples of concern over bacterial contamination include food poisoning due to pathogenic strains of eschericia coli , and salmonella spp . as well as illnesses and skin infections attributed to staphylococcus aureus , klebsiella pneumonia and other microorganisms . antimicrobial wash - stable textiles are known . for example , the common antimicrobial compound triclosan can be co - extruded with acrylic and / or acetate fibers . silver - containing antimicrobial agents , as well as other antimicrobial agents , can be applied to various fabrics . in order to prevent or treat bacterial or other microbial dermatological or systemic infections , the various fabrics of the invention may be made of fabrics that are treated with antimicrobial compositions ( i . e ., antibiotics , natural or organic extracts , etc .) or made of fabrics that are naturally antimicrobial ( i . e ., bamboo , etc .). a novel feature of the invention is its ergonomic peanut - like design . this design corresponds to the fabric requirements for optimum swaddling in response to the forces and loads that will be applied by an infant &# 39 ; s arms , legs , and midsection during normal newborn activities . the ergonomic swaddle garments of the invention prevent startle reflex , prevent face scratching , keep hands and feet away from the face or pacifier , promote infant comfort and security , securely contain infants , will not unravel or otherwise lose swaddle functionality , allow infants to move naturally , and prevents overheating that can be caused by over - wrapping infants using blankets , permits easy diaper change , can be used for strollers or when breastfeeding , conforms naturally to the infants , provides stretchy and breathable material construction , and is especially easy to use . the ergonomic swaddle garments of the invention will not unravel or ride up over infant &# 39 ; s face thereby preventing potential blanket suffocation . also , the swaddling garments of the invention will not overheat infants due to overwrapping . overheating is a factor that may contribute to sudden infant death syndrome ( sids ). the disclosed ergonomic swaddle garments are conveniently used by parents of caregivers . in a preferred embodiment , the garment is unzippered , the baby is place in the garment , and then the garment is zippered . the ergonomic swaddle garments of the invention in preferred embodiments have a front centrally located zipper as illustrated in fig1 and 3 . different sizes and types of zippers of various materials ( i . e ., nylon ; plastic , etc .). it is understood that other types of front closures ( i . e ., velcro ® or hood and loop , snaps , toggles , elastics , etc . ), but use of a zipper that is sewn , fused or otherwise secured to the base stretch fabric is especially preferred . the zipper may be one - way or two - way reversible , which will allow for the infant to have a diaper changed without removing the baby from the swaddle garment . as infants grow and mature , there is a need to transition from complete swaddling to partial swaddling where freedom to move either arms or legs individually or to move both arms and legs . in this transition , infants may prefer freedom to move arms for sleeping or during waking hours while still maintaining swaddling of torso and legs . alternatively , transitioning infants may prefer freedom to move legs while maintaining swaddling of torso and arms , or prefer torso swaddling while having freedom to move both arms and legs . chin flaps may be included on either farms - free , legs - free , or arms and legs free embodiments . chin flaps are conveniently secured by snaps , hook and loop ( i . e ., velcro ® closure ) button , or other closure means . the chin flab may be composed of any type of protective sort material ( i . e ., cotton , fleece , etc .). garment dimensions of variation of the peanut - shaped garments are ( a ) length variations ranges from about 12 inches to about 40 inches : ( b ) upper garment width ranges from about 8 inches to about 16 inches : ( c ) middle garment width ranges from abut 6 inches to about 14 inches ; and ( d ) lower garment width ranges from about 8 inches to about 16 inches . leg length ranges from about 5 inches to about 26 inches . in arms - free swaddling , several embodiments are possible . a swaddling garment of the invention may or may not have sleeves . sleeves may be either short sleeves or full - length sleeves . the sleeves may be cotton / spandex material as with peanut - shaped complete swaddling garments , cotton , cotton blends , or other materials ( i . e ., polyester , nylon , rayon , fleece , etc .). retractable cotton / spandex material is preferred for the torso and leg areas in arms - free swaddling garments , but various combinations of other materials permitting retractable stretching may also be used . arms - free garments would preferably have a zipper closure ( one - way or two - way ) from 8 to about 30 inches in length on the front of garments . closure means other than zippers ( i . e ., snaps such as scoville usa snaps , buttons , or hook and loop such as velcro ® closures ). arms - free swaddling garments may be reversible to complete swaddling garments . for example , the sleeves may have attached closure means ( i . e ., snaps such as scoville usa snaps , buttons , one or two - way reversible zippers , hook and loop such as velcro ® closures ) where the sleeves can be tucked inwardly and then secured by closure means located either on the sleeve or the torso portion of the garment . with a snap closure means , the male snap component could for example be located on the anterior portion of the sleeve or located anterior to the sleeve or adjacent to the sleeve on the torso portion of the garment ; and the female snap component in this configuration would be located on the posterior portion of the sleeve or located posterior / adjacent to the sleeve on the torso portion of the swaddling garment . buttons or hook and loop closures would be similarly located . to convert to an arms - fee swaddling garment to a complete peanut - shaped swaddling garment , the sleeves would be inwardly tucked and then secured by closing the respective mating components of the respective closure means . closure means could also be located on a separate fabric flap on or adjacent to the sleeve to conveniently secure the inwardly tucked sleeve and provide the benefit of additional retractable material . in yet another embodiment , the arms themselves can be completely removable from the garments and optionally stored for future use in a pocket storage means attached to the garment . in legs - free embodiments of the invention , the objective is to swaddle the upper body ( arms and torso ) while permitting freedom of leg movement . such legs - free garments can then be conveniently used in a stroller , baby swing or car seat where use of infant car seats is permitted . the legs may be foot shaped or sock shaped with retractable fabric preferred ( i . e ., cotton / spandex ) but with the possible use of additional fabrics or combinations of fabrics as noted with the arm - free garment embodiments . it is also possible to have detachable legs that can be removed from the garments and stored for future use . storage of detached legs could be done with a storage pocket conveniently attached to the body of the garment . embodiments of the invention include garments that may have both reversible arms - free and legs - free components thereby providing arm movement freedom , leg movement freedom , or both arm and leg movement freedom . closures and materials of these multifunctional garments are as noted above with arms - free or legs - free embodiments . with reversible embodiments of the invention , the basic peanut - shape swaddle configuration permits embodiments where the lower or bottom peanut is converted to legs and to when desired convert back to the basic peanut - shaped swaddle garment . similarly , the basic peanut - shaped swaddle garment can be configured to a reversible garment for arm movement which can conveniently be returned to the basic peanut - shaped garment . in addition to reversible legs - free and / or arms - free embodiments of swaddling garments of the invention , the arms or leg components ( sleeves and leggings ) may be completely removable ( c . f ., fig8 ) as an alternative to inward folding ( c . f ., fig4 ). the removable sleeves and / or leggings may be stored for future use in an optionally attached pocket means or separately stored . a swaddling garment incorporating the present invention is shown in fig1 , 2 , and 3 . referring now to fig1 , there is shown a schematic front perspective view of a swaddling garment of the invention . shown is a collar 101 , a chin protector or closure , 102 , a shoulder or head end width region 103 , a zipper 104 , a middle abdomen or mid section width region 105 , and a bottom or foot end width region 106 . the shoulder width region 103 , the middle abdomen width region 105 , and the bottom width region 106 collectively define the ergonomic peanut - like shape of the swaddling garment . the single unit is , in a preferred embodiment , made of four - way flexible multi - directional expandable stretch material that permits the infant to have a normal range of motion for developmental purposes while maintaining an effective swaddle that mimics the infants ability to move and stretch in the womb . 104 . referring now to fig2 , shown is a schematic back perspective view of a swaddling garment of the invention . this view shows a collar 101 , the shoulder width region 103 , the middle abdomen width region 105 , the bottom width region 106 , and a seat belt loop 107 . the seat belt loop 107 is an optional feature . as illustrated in fig1 , the shoulder width region 103 , the middle abdomen width region 105 , and the bottom width region 106 collectively define the ergonomically designed peanut - like shape of the swaddling garment . referring now to fig3 , shown is schematic front perspective view of a swaddling garment of the invention illustrating locations of dimensions that are listed in detail in table 1 herein below . shown in fig3 , with dimensions detailed in table 1 , is a collar 101 , a chin protector or closure 202 , the shoulder width region 203 , the middle abdomen width region 205 , the bottom width region 206 , a seat belt loop 107 , and length 208 . referring now to fig4 , shown is a schematic perspective view of a swaddling garment of the invention permitting freedom of arm movement . fig4 a illustrates this embodiment having short sleeves . fig4 b illustrates this embodiment with inwardly folded and secured sleeves that provides a swaddling garment that is , in this configuration , functionally equivalent to the embodiment illustrated in fig1 - 3 herein . fig4 a is a short - sleeved arms - free swaddling garment 403 having short sleeves 401 , a collar 101 , a chin protector or closure 102 , the middle abdomen width region 105 , the bottom width region 106 , a zipper closure 104 and a seat belt loop 107 . fig4 b is the swaddling garment 403 of fig4 a showing inwardly tucked and secured sleeves 402 , a collar 101 , a chin protector or closure 102 , the middle abdomen width region 105 , a shoulder or head end width region 103 , the bottom width region 106 , a zipper closure 104 and a seat belt loop 107 . referring now to fig5 , shown is a side perspective view of the sleeve portion of the swaddling garment embodiment illustrated in fig5 with two types of possible closure means . fig5 a illustrates a short sleeve 401 , a collar 101 , a snap closure means with a forwardly located male component 501 and a rearwardly located female receptor component 502 . fig5 b shows the sleeve portion of the swaddling garment with snap closure of fig5 a with the sleeve folded inward and the snap closure means in the closed position 504 . fig5 c illustrates a side perspective view of the sleeve portion of the swaddling garment of fig5 with a collar 101 and a forwardly located flap type closure 503 having a male snap component 501 and a rearwardly located female snap component 502 . fig5 d shows the sleeve portion of a swaddling garment with the flap type snap closure 503 of fig5 c with the sleeve folded inward and the snap closure means in the closed position 504 . referring now to fig6 , shown is a schematic front perspective view of a sleeveless swaddling garment of the invention permitting freedom of arm movement 603 . this arms - fee embodiment 603 shows a collar 101 , a chin protector or closure 102 , the middle abdomen width region 105 , the bottom width region 106 , a zipper closure 104 , a sleeveless essentially circular arm opening 601 , and arm 602 extending through arm opening 601 . referring now to fig7 , shown is a swaddling garment embodiment of the invention with leggings 702 . this embodiment with leggings shows a collar 101 , a chin protector or closure 102 , the middle width region 105 for receipt of an infant &# 39 ; s trunk , a shoulder or head end width region 103 for receipt of an infant &# 39 ; s arms and upper torso , a zipper closure 104 , and legs 701 . referring now to fig8 , shown is a swaddling garment 801 of the invention with attachable sleeves 802 that are attached to the body of the garment with snap closures 804 . the garment has attachable leg component 803 that is secured to the body of the garment with snap closures 804 . shown also is a centrally located one or two - way zipper 104 , a seat belt loop , a collar 101 that has a chin protector or closure 102 . the opening left with the detachment of the sleeves 802 or the legs 803 is closed with a closure means i . e ., secured by snaps , hook and loop ( i . e ., velcro ® closure ) button , or other closure means . referring now to fig9 , shown is a reversible swaddling garment with attached arms and leggings in the extended position 901 and with arms and leggings folded inward and secured 902 . this illustration shows a collar 101 with a chin protector or closure 102 , snap closure 903 , retractable short sleeve 401 , retractable legging 701 , a frontal midline zipper closure 104 , shoulder or head end garment region 103 for receipt of an infant &# 39 ; s arms and upper torso , middle abdominal garment region 105 for receipt of infant &# 39 ; s trunk , bottom width garment region 106 for receipt of an infant &# 39 ; s legs and lower torso , and seat belt loop 107 . referring now to fig1 , shown is a reversible swaddling garment with attached leggings in the extended position 1001 and with leggings folded inward and secured 1002 . illustrated is a collar 101 with a chin protector or closure 102 , snap closure 903 , retractable legging 701 , frontal midline zipper closure 104 , shoulder or head end garment region 103 for receipt of an infant &# 39 ; s arms and upper torso , middle abdominal garment region 105 for receipt of an infant &# 39 ; s trunk , bottom width garment region 106 for receipt of an infant &# 39 ; s legs and lower torso , and seat belt loop 107 . although the present invention describes in detail certain embodiments , it is understood that variation and modifications exist known to those skilled in the art that are within the invention . accordingly , the present invention is intended to encompass all such alternatives , modifications and variation that are within the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims .
ergonomic garment for swaddling an infant garment with an elongate retractable fabric shell having an outer surface and inner surface defining an interior volume for receiving the arms , legs and trunk of an infant therein . garments have a head end for receiving the arms of said infant , a foot end for receiving the legs of said infant , and a mid section for receiving the trunk of said infant that is narrower than said head end and said foot end , and a neck opening at the head end for receiving a neck of said infant . garments have an ergonomic peanut - like shape . garments have a reversible closure means accessing said interior volume of said fabric shell extending longitudinally along the central axis of said fabric shell from said head end to said foot end , a chin protector closure means and optionally a means for accepting an automotive seat belt . detachable arms and / or leggings and attached retractable arms and / or leggings garments are shown . porous light - permeable and antimicrobial fabric embodiments are described .