referring to fig1 , a perspective view of a reel 1 , for use with secondary tillage implements , in accordance with the present invention can be seen . arrow , 2 depicts the direction of rotation for maximum soil firming . the end plates , 3 , provide a mount for the bearings , each with a center hole 4 , providing placement for the bearings . mounting holes , 5 , are located generally around the center hole 4 in each end plate to allow for attachment of the bearings , by bolts , for instance . intermediate support plates , 6 , are generally evenly spaced along the longitudinal axis of reel 1 and supply support for the bars . reel 1 is shown with five intermediate support plates ; however , the actual number may vary , depending primarily on the length of the reel . reel 1 is further shown with eight formed bars , 7 ; but , the reel can be made with more or less depending on the desired overall diameter and desired spacing between the bars . referring now to fig2 , the cross - sectional shape and the positioning of the formed bars 7 relative to the longitudinal axis of the reel 1 are more easily discemable . dotted line 10 is a parallel line with the outer portion of the formed pulverizing bar 12 . this position is similar to prior art reels with flat bars . the curved angular shape 14 provides firming to the soil . with the formed area 14 additional clod pulverizing is accomplished . also , there is more soil firming for better seed / soil contact . referring now to fig3 , one of the bars 7 is shown to have an inner portion 16 and an outer portion 18 . a clod , 20 , is shown being struck by portion 16 . a dotted line clod , 22 , is shown in a location that will cause it to be struck by portion 18 as the reel rotates forward ( direction of arrow 2 ). reel bar 24 is in a position so that the soil firming occurs as it rotates forward . this provides a broader firming action than a round bar or a flat bar . if too much down pressure needs to be applied to the reel it can result in floating the secondary tillage machine out of the ground , especially the outer portion of the wings where the machine is lighter . looking at fig4 , an alternative embodiment for use behind a primary tillage tool , such as a chisel plow or heavy offset tandem disc can be viewed . the primary tillage tool reel support plates , 3 , are attached to a shaft , 30 . the area designated 32 , is a protruding portion to which the bars , 7 , are attached . the dashed line 36 , to the right of the shaft 30 , depicts the angle relative to the center shaft of the outer portion of the formed bars . this orientation of the formed bars results in a more aggressive chopping action into large chunks of soil and root crowns . arrow 2 again depicts the direction of rotation . ground line g in fig5 is an idealized soil profile . the bars , 7 , have an area designated 40 . as the reel rotates in the direction of arrow 2 , 40 will move down toward the idealized soil profile line , g . as it moves downwardly in the direction of rotation , area 40 will strike large clods and root crowns . as the reel continues to rotate , area 42 strikes the idealized soil line and reaches a point where it is lower than the area marked 44 . area 44 is shown in a position where it is approximately horizontal , but it will rotate higher to a larger angle as it moves past shaft 30 , while 42 rotates lower . it is important to note that moist soil that is being knifed into by 42 now cannot flow freely up into the center of the reel , causing plugging . the area designated 44 will resist soil movement along the inside surface of 42 . also , a notch , 48 , is cut in the support plate so that there is minimal area for soil “ stickage ” as it flows off of 44 . as the reel rotates forward and begins leaving the soil line g , the area designated 52 begins somewhat of a kicking motion and loosens soil that was firmed earlier by 44 when it was in the more horizontal position as 42 entered the soil . while 44 is in the near horizontal position and as it bottoms out , soil is restricted from entering the center of the reel , preventing plugging . again referring to 52 , as the outer portion of the bar is now beginning to leave the soil profile , and while a slight kicking action results as it leaves the soil profile , area 54 is now in a near vertical position that is not firming soil . area 56 does not have substantial contact with the soil even when some loose soil is above the idealized soil line g . the result is that as the reel rotates and each bar leaves the soil profile , firming action is minimized . the result is that the large formed bars provide more soil movement and less firming than round or flat bars . with the outer bar orientation of line 36 on the right side ( or forward travel side ) rather than the left side ( rearward of direction of travel ) as shown on the secondary reel ( fig2 and 3 ) less firming occurs on the primary reels . the formed bar reel for use with primary tillage tools is a much heavier unit . for example , a reel may be constructed that is approximately 16 or 18 inches in diameter and may have five or six heavy , wide formed bars . these bars may be 5 / 16 or ⅜ inches thick and 3½ or 4 inches wide . forming the wide , heavy bars results in two to three times more strength than a similar flat bar . on primary tillage rotary reels the formed bars are oriented to provide more soil movement for soil leveling and less firming than the secondary reels or round or flat bars . primary tillage tools are generally operated in the fall and soil firming in the fall is undesirable . looser soil soaks up rainfall more quickly , reducing runoff . in the fall it is desirable for the bars to cut into large clods that are often the result of harvest compaction , and also root crowns to help smooth out high spots and knock soil out of root crowns so that it is easier to prepare the seed bed the following spring . on primary tillage tools , many times the soil is very moist and operators must run in adverse conditions . for example , in using a bar 4 inches wide , the area 44 , is slightly more than 2 inches if you include the bend radius , providing a substantial area to prevent soil flow to the center of the reel thereby preventing reel plugging . the primary tillage reel is designed with larger bars with more space between the bars . the bars are positioned to avoid soil firming and avoid plugging with moist soil . chisel plows often operate in wet fall conditions and also soil that may be frozen 1 to 3 inches . the primary rotary reel helps break compacted or frozen chunks of soil and smooth the surface .
a soil conditioning rotary reel for primary agricultural tillage implements is disclosed . the reel incorporates formed bars slightly spiraled along the length thereof that increase the overall strength of the reel and , because of the shape of the formed bars , support plates and end plates , efficiently break up clods while avoiding plugging of the reel , even in moist conditions .