refer to fig1 that shows a patient hand 3 . a lightweight bracelet 1 is positioned on a wrist 9 and secured on it by a latch 6 . alternatively , the bracelet may be positioned on an ankle of the patient . the bracelet 1 , among other components , comprises a module for a near - range wireless communications with an external device , for example , a smartphone 2 or tablet . a near - range means here is a distance from the bracelet up to 2 m — a sufficient practical range for the present invention . an example of a popular near - range communication is a bluetooth ™ protocol that communicates at a range up to 30 m . the radio signal 7 carries a bidirectional information between the bracelet 1 and smartphone 2 . smartphone 2 has a conventional module for sending wireless signals 8 to remote re - transmission and communication stations . the phone 2 also has conventional human interface features , such as display 4 on the control panel 12 , keypad 5 of any kind , and speaker 11 . the phone 2 has pre - installed a software app for communicating with the bracelet 1 , sensing to it various commands and processing the received medical data . the app should be specific for a particular type of bracelet 1 and the sensors it carries . with respect to functionality , functions of the bracelet 1 and phone 2 are clearly separated in order to optimize their respective sizes , complexity and enhance efficiency . the bracelet functions are generally should be limited to data acquisition and transmission . thus the bracelet ( sensing device ) is one part of the combined system of a bracelet + phone . the bracelet collects medical signals , conditions and sends them to the processing part of the system which is situated in a smartphone 2 and controlled by the app . as a result , bracelet 1 doesn &# 39 ; t need a complex processor , signal processing software , display , speaker or other human interface components that normally would be required in a stand - alone monitor . these functions are shifted to the smartphone 2 that already has such component shared with other phone functions . the bracelet 1 may need some kind of patient signaling components , for example , the indicating lights 22 to signal the bracelet operating conditions . examples of the conditions are power on / off , wrong placement on a wrist , closed / open latch 6 , etc . naturally , besides the indicating lights 22 , other types of a feedback may be employed , for example a beeper . fig2 illustrates a block - diagram of one embodiment of a bracelet 1 for monitoring the arterial blood pressure and some arbitrary vital signs , for example , heart rate and pulse oxymetry . the bracelet 1 , inside its enclosure , has various parts that will be described below . on its surface it carries several external parts , such as inflatable bladder 13 and optical elements 23 of the medical detector 21 . the bladder 13 is for measuring arterial blood pressure ( bp ). air pressure inside the bladder 13 is controlled by the air pump 14 and air valve 17 and measured by the air pressure sensor 16 . all these components are interconnected by the pneumatic tubing 15 . these components are typical for any conventional arterial blood pressure monitor known in the art and not described here in detail . it is important to note that bladder 13 generally circumferences wrist 9 to compress its internal artery 10 on a command from the controller 18 . the compressing air pressure should vary between somewhat below the diastolic pressure ( dia ) and above the systolic pressure ( sys ). a maximum air pressure must not exceed 350 mmhg which may require an addition of a safety valve ( not shown ) attached to the tubing 15 . the pressure - related components are interfaced with the controller 18 that turns on and off the drivers ( not shown ) for pump 14 and valve 17 . it also monitors air pressure via the pressure sensor 16 and converts pressure signal to a digital format . the results of monitoring are fed to the near - range wireless communications module 19 that transmits and receives radio signal 7 . the bracelet components are powered by a primary or rechargeable battery 20 . the controller 18 takes the bp and other vital signs either on its own timing or on command received from the smartphone 2 via the module 19 . generally , information transmitted by module 19 contains only conditioned signals from the sensors and not the actually computed diastolic and systolic pressure numbers . these are preferably computed by the phone 2 microprocessor an accordance with the installed app . this allows future modifications and updates of the phone app without changing hardware or software of the bracelet 1 . to better illustrate a mutual disposition of the components , fig3 shows a cross - sectional view of the patient &# 39 ; s wrist with the attached bracelet . the bracelet is comprised of two half - shells : the front shell 28 and the back shell 27 . the shells can move relative to one another by rotating around the pivot 31 . the front shell 28 supports bladder 13 . the soft cushions 25 and 26 may be added on the insides of the half - shells for a better patient comfort . before placement on a wrist , the front shell 28 is rotated on pivot 31 to open the bracelet for positioning on the wrist 9 . then the front shell 28 is closed and locked to the back shell 27 in a fixed position by a suitable locking device , such as velcro tape 29 . this makes the bracelet clearance adjustable for a particular wrist size . bladder 13 may be inflated by pump 14 to compress arteries 10 against the supporting bones 30 inside the wrist 9 , causing a restriction of the blood flow inside the arteries . the blood flow restriction results in mechanical arterial oscillations that are detected by the pressure sensor 17 and will be interpreted by an app in a smartphone 2 to compute the arterial blood pressure according to one of the algorithms known in the art . various electrical and mechanical components are positioned inside the front and back shells 28 and 27 , respectively . this is illustrated by the battery 20 and an electronic module 24 that contains most of the components embraced by the dotted line in fig2 . besides the arterial blood pressure , other vital signs can be monitored by the system of a bracelet 1 and phone 2 . for example , heart rate and its variations can be directly derived from the fast changing component of the pressure signal received from the pressure sensor 16 . other vital signs may be obtained by an additional medical detector 21 ( see fig2 ) that interfaces with the wrist 9 . one example of the detector 21 is a pulse oximeter that contains optical elements 23 . typically , these optical elements comprise a light detector and two leds : red and infrared . design and functionality of a pulse oximeter are well known in art and thus not described here . other examples are bio - impedance and chemical composition of sweat and blood . note that all bracelet components related to sensing of vital signs are physically coupled to the patient body or body part surface . the coupling my be direct by touching or by intermediate media , such as air , e . g . operation of the devices according to the present invention can be outlined as follows . the patient snaps on the bracelet 1 on her wrist and latches it for a comfortable wearing by a latch 6 or velcro tape 29 . indicating light 22 shows that the bracelet is in a correctly secured position and power is turned on . the bracelet 1 establishes a wireless communication with the smartphone 2 that initiates the monitoring application ( app ) that was pre - loaded into the phone 2 memory . after a routine self - check , the phone 2 sends a wireless command to controller 18 to take a blood pressure . the pump is inflated , then deflated according to one of a predetermined algorithms will known in the art . the output signals from the pressure sensor 16 are digitized and transmitted to the phone 2 where the app computes the systolic , diastolic and mean pressures and also calculated a heart rate , rr - interval variability and other cardiac parameters . fig4 illustrates a simplified flow - chart of the app for measuring blood pressure ( bp ). it is seen that the bracelet and smartphone work together in concert : the phone 2 sends commands to the bracelet , then receives and processes biomedical signals to compute and display the sys , dia pressures and hr . after the bp is measured , the bladder 13 is deflated and blood flow via artery 10 is restored , pulse oxymetry data are optically measured by the detector 21 and also transmitted to the phone 2 that computes percentage of the hemoglobin oxygenation . the results of the vital signs monitoring are treated by the phone 2 according to the app , for example , they may be plotted , alarmed , transmitted to a medical office , stored for future retrieving , etc . an important feature of this invention is that the smartphone 2 can in real time provide via its output means ( display and / or speaker ) a biofeedback information to the patient in accordance with the monitored biomedical signals and pre - defined algorithm programmed into the app . for example , if the device is used in fitness , the hr and bp numbers can provide guidance to the strength and duration of the exercise procedure . while the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a number of preferred embodiments thereof , it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention .
a biomedical device for continuous or intermittent monitoring of vital signs , such a arterial blood pressure , pulse oxymetry , etc ., comprises two components connected by a wireless link . the first component is an electronic bracelet attached to a patient , while the second one is a smartphone that controls the first component and receives from it biomedical signals . the bracelet carries various sensors and actuators to enable and acquiring medical signals . the smartphone has an app that commands the bracelet and then receives and processes data and takes further actions , like enabling an alarm , plotting data , calling an emergency service or doctor office .