the new bracket and ligation method provides for a traditional twin or siamese - type bracket with two distinct pairs of ligation wings to be manufactured by injection molding , sintering , machining or casting . this bracket body incorporates the popular siamese - type bracket configuration for enhanced rotation - correction capabilities and can be utilized as such by an orthodontist even in the presence of self - ligation features . in keeping with the invention , as shown in fig1 - 3 , a clip 10 has a u - shaped configuration and includes a pair of arms 12 , 14 that engage an orthodontic bracket 16 ( not shown in fig1 - 3 ). the arms are attached to a clip spine 18 by a cross - bar 20 or preferably , by bilateral crossbar risers 21 . the clip spine extends generally labially from the crossbar or from a sternum if bilateral crossbar risers are present , and then widening to form a slot cap 22 . the overall resiliency of the clip can be controlled by controlling various factors of the clip &# 39 ; s design and processing during manufacture , several of which are a spine width 24 and spine curvature 26 . thus , by increasing spine width effective stiffness of the clip increases , providing the clip with relatively greater archwire retention force when installed on the bracket . similarly , if increased spring - like flexibility is deemed desirable , the spine width is reduced . also , the spine curvature affects the archwire retention force of the clip on the bracket . the spine curvature can be a smooth and uniform radius , a compound radius , or multiple radii 28 , 30 with a flat section 32 between the radii . further , the choice of metal alloy and its metallurgical processing used to form the clip all allow for tailoring the mechanical properties of the clip as needed . the clip also includes an aperture 34 in the cap which is a feature used for opening and closing of the clip while in place on the bracket . the arms 12 , 14 have paws 36 , 38 for engaging the bracket as will be described . the arms have tips 39 that extend gingivally beyond the paws . as shown in fig3 and 3 a , an important feature of the invention relates to the low profile of clip 10 . more specifically , when the clip is mounted on an orthodontic bracket ( not shown in fig3 and 3 a ), and the orthodontic bracket is mounted on the tooth , the position of the arms 12 , 14 is such that is straddles the andrews site 37 on the outwardly - most prominent site on the crown of the tooth . more specifically , the spacing of arms 12 , 14 and the fact that there is a cross - bar riser 21 , permits the arms to straddle the andrews site 37 , thereby presenting a much lower profile clip 10 relative to prior art clips . by low profile it is meant that in combination , these features enable self - ligation without requiring any increase in labial - lingual profile which promotes patient comfort . the low profile of the clip , and hence the orthodontic bracket , provides a much more tolerable bracket and clip to the patient so that the orthodontist can more efficiently provide orthodontic care . as shown in fig4 - 5 , the bracket 16 has an undercut relief area 40 in the base of the stem of the bracket body to form a pathway 42 . also , there are undercut relief areas on each end of the bracket . this pathway incorporates a detent 44 on the mesial end 46 and distal end 48 of the bracket . these pathways are intended to receive the arms of the clip 10 and allow the archwire 50 to be selectively retained in or released from the bracket archslot 52 as required during orthodontic treatment to remove and replace an archwire . referring to fig6 , the clip 10 is held in a locked closed position 80 by the metallurgically - induced spring properties of clip 10 , which resiliently bias the paws inward around the locked - closed locking corners 66 , 68 on the gingival corners of the bracket body . in the locked open position 90 , the paws 36 , 38 of the arms fall into detents 44 in the clip transport ways 56 of the bracket body . when locked closed , the paws 36 , 38 fall similarly around the locked closed corners 66 , 68 of the bracket body . in one embodiment , as shown in fig4 - 7 , a clip transport way 56 on the mesial side 46 and distal end 48 of the bracket 16 extend occlusal - gingivally at the occlusal edge 58 of the bracket body 60 . the ways matingly accept the arms 12 , 14 of the clip 10 . as the clip slides into the locked - closed position , paws 36 , 38 located on inward - facing surfaces 62 , 64 of the arms are allowed to unload inwardly once they pass gingivally around the closed position locking corners 66 , 68 of the bracket body . resistance to outward loading due to the spring qualities of the clip material causes the clip to be aggressively held closed by the caming action of the inwardly - facing paws tangentially contacting and gripping the closed position locking corners . the gingival edge 70 of the slot cap 22 comes into contact with the clip travel stops 72 , 74 located on the labial surface 76 of the bracket 16 . this occurs simultaneously as the clip “ pops ” into its locked - closed position 80 , shown in fig6 . the clip travel stops 72 , 74 add stability to the clip slot cap and help the clip stay in place and to resist destructive forces of mastication . the force required to release the grip of the clip paws 36 , 38 on the bracket 16 closed - position 80 and to move the clip toward a locked - open position 90 is regulated by the spring properties of the clip material and by control of the dimensional inter - fit between the arms 12 , 14 , paws 36 , 38 , and the clip transport ways 56 and 58 . by locked - open position it is meant that the arms of the clip are engaged and locked into the detents 44 of the clip transport ways 56 , and the slot cap 22 is open and not covering the archslot 52 . the arms are held in a coincident or co - planar relationship with the ceiling 92 of the clip transport way by the sizing and shaping of the clip spine 18 , and the orientation of the slot cap 22 as it rides across the labial surface 76 of the bracket . in order to move the clip of the present bracket design from a locked - closed position toward a locked - open position , a scaler or explorer 100 is inserted into the labial aperture 34 of the clip 10 , as shown in fig8 a - 8b . the use of a conventional sharp - pointed explorer or scaler 100 requires two motions to move the clip 10 from its locked - closed position 80 to its locked - open position 90 . first , as the tip 102 of the scaler enters the clip aperture 34 located on the labial surface 104 of the clip , the tapered configuration of the scaler tip 102 working against the clip aperture causes a preloading of the clip in an opening or occlusal direction . this occurs as the tapered scaler tip wedges between the top edge 106 of the occlusal bracket body wall 108 and the inside surface 110 of the aperture . at this point , the clip becomes loaded in the opening direction as the clip spine 18 flexes occlusally and as the tip of the scaler travels lingually . the tip of the scaler continues moving lingually to enter the lingual aperture 35 and comes to a stop as it contacts the labial surface of the bracket - bonding pad 112 . as the scaler handle is moved gingivally the arms 12 , 14 , paws 36 , 38 , and crossbar riser 21 portions of the clip are moved occlusally . such a movement of the clip entails the highest forces of the opening process because it outwardly loads the paws as they camingly spread apart in order to disengage from the locking corners 66 , 68 of the bracket body 60 . once the clip paws have disengaged from the closed - position locking corners and the clip is in transit , the forces required to move it to the locked - open position are lower . with continued reference to fig8 a - 8b , the second motion of the opening process is a reverse of the first . to complete the opening process , the tip 102 of the scaler 100 is lifted slightly to come out of the lingual aperture 35 so that it rides on the labial surface of the sternum . the instrument is rotated occlusally . as the handle of scaler 100 is moved occlusally the tip 102 of the scaler lodges at a corner point 114 defined by the labial surface of a clip sternum 116 and a lingual edge 118 formed by the intersection of the clip undercut ceiling 120 and the occlusal bracket body wall 108 . with the fulcrum then becoming the tip of the scaler located as described , an occlusal motion of the instrument causes occlusally directed forces to be directed against the labial aperture 34 by the shank of the scaler tip . an occlusally directed motion of the handle of the explorer 100 will wrench the clip substantially open if not fully open . should the angles and the relative diameters of the particular bracket &# 39 ; s labial aperture and the shank of the scaler tip preclude further movement , the scaler tip can be removed from the clip altogether and used to manually push the clip in the direction toward the open position . as the clip 10 reaches the locked - open position 90 , the outwardly - loaded paws 36 , 38 of the clip arms 12 , 14 will aggressively pop inward and fall concentrically into the locked - open position detents 44 located in predetermined positions along the mesial and distal clip transport way walls 56 . in one embodiment , during the various movements involving the opening of the clip 10 via the use of a scaler or explorer 100 , the tip 102 engages various features of the bracket 16 and the clip 10 . to facilitate these steps and to serve as a guide for the scaler tip in finding the various objectives on the inside surfaces of the clip , an opening groove ( not shown ) is provided and is located centrally on the occlusal bracket body wall 108 . the opening groove helps the dental practitioner actuate the clip by centering the instrument tip as it moves from the initial opening position in the lingual aperture 34 of the clip to the secondary position ; the edge formed by the intersection of the clip undercut ceiling 120 and the occlusal bracket body wall 108 . the vertically oriented groove bisects this corner . the occlusal corners , defined by the intersection of the transport ways and the occlusal clip undercut wall of the bracket body 60 are rounded to matingly accommodate the inside corner formed between the arms 12 , 14 and the crossbar riser - portion 21 of the clip when the assembly is in the locked - closed position 80 . according to the present invention , the occlusal corners are rounded for a second reason : as described in the foregoing , an archwire must be capable of wide deflections during early phases of treatment . in some cases , a wire may only partially enter the archslot 52 and it may be ligated to only one of the two tie - wing sets rather than both . for these reasons and others , an orthodontist might opt to completely remove the clip 10 from the bracket for a period of time . later , after the teeth have responded to the physiological forces of treatment , the clip may be reinstalled . at the time of re - installing of the clip , the occlusal corners and specifically the rounded configuration of those corners facilitates re - installation of the clip onto the bracket . in order to re - install a clip , the tips 39 of the clip arms 12 , 14 are simply brought into aligned orientation with the clip transport ways 56 on the occlusal side 108 of the bracket . this may be accomplished using tweezers or other standard dental instruments . the tip 39 of the arms , which are those portions extending gingivally beyond the paws 36 , 38 , are directed to enter the clip transport way 56 . firm gingivally - directed pressure is exerted to force the paws outward around the occlusal corners , which is facilitated by the roundness referred to above . once the paws have entered the transport ways , the clip is moved further gingivally and into the normal operating range between the locked closed and locked open positions . referring to fig9 - 16 , a single tie - wing orthodontic bracket and self - ligating clip assembly of the present invention is shown . the basic structure of the self - ligating clip is substantially the same for the single tie - wing bracket shown in fig9 - 16 as for the twin tie - wing bracket shown in fig1 - 8 . the reference numbers in fig9 - 16 are the same as those used for like structures in fig1 - 8 only the reference numbers have a prime in fig9 - 16 . the clip 10 of the present invention can be formed from any metallic alloy having a sufficiently high modulus of elasticity . when the clip is locked - closed and locked - open , the bending forces described above should not plastically deform the arms 12 , 14 . rather , the arms are resilient and safely flex so that the clip can be moved from the locked - close to the locked - open position , the archwire removed and replaced , and the clip moved back to the locked - closed position to retain the archwire in the archslot . suitable metals capable of exhibiting appropriate mechanical properties include stainless steel , titanium , cobalt - chromium , nitinol , np35n , and superelastic or pseudoelastic alloys and / or shape memory alloys . the orthodontic bracket is formed from biocompatible metallic alloys , composite materials or ceramics all of which are well known in the art .
a self - ligating orthodontic bracket assembly with selectively removable self - ligation features is configured to provide a low profile to minimize labial - lingual prominence . a clip is configured to snap into the base of the bracket and close over the archwire slot to retain the archwire in the slot . the clip is easily moved to an open position when the archwire is changed out during routine treatment . the clip includes spaced apart arms that , along with the bracket tie - wings , straddle the most outwardly prominent site on the crown of the tooth thereby minimizing labial - lingual profile . the self - ligation capability is achieved without any increase in occlusal - gingival height or measial - distal width of the orthodontic bracket .