fig1 depicts a plan view of a bone fastener 10 have a full flight of threads along its length ; fig8 shows the fastener 10 in section and fig9 shows a modified fastener 10 a having threads 12 only partially deployed and located at a distal end 14 , adjacent pilot 8 . the fastener shaft 6 above this threaded portion is smooth and cylindrical , as it is between all intervening threads . that is , the space between adjacent threads is cylindrical , thereby avoiding potential pressure points with adjacent bone . the fastener includes a head 2 at a proximal end that includes an instrumentality to facilitate fastener deployment , illustrated here as a female socket 4 to engage a complementally formed driving tool . fig8 and 9 also display two variations of the fastener 10 , 10 a internally . fig8 reflects a hollow bore 16 in communication between and open distal end 7 and a lower bore repository 80 located in a cylindrical periphery circumscribing and defining the bore 16 . this bore 80 is adjacent to and coextensive with the cutting flutes . fig9 reflects a hollow bore 18 extending from the proximal end and passing through the head 2 via socket 4 down to an upper bore repository 90 located on a cylindrical portion of the distal end adjacent cutting flutes . in this embodiment , it is preferred to close the distal end with a wall 14 defining a blind bore . the thread length shown in fig8 and 9 could be transposed such that the abbreviated thread of fig9 could feed a lower bore repository shown in fig8 and the full thread 12 of fig8 could feed an upper bore repository 90 as shown in fig9 . in both fasteners , the distal end has a conical taper 8 diverging from the distal terminus and enlarging towards the cutting flutes where its diameter is equal to the shaft diameter . this taper discourages the fastener from wandering from a predrilled pilot hole . when the fig9 repository 90 is selected , it is possible to remove bone shards from the bore 18 and introduce additives into the bore 18 for dispensation about the bone / thread interface via the opening of the repository 90 that is adjacent the cutting flutes . examples of additives include , but are not limited to : medicines , bone growth stimulants , and other substances having beneficial value . fig3 through 7 exemplify five thread forms having geometry optimized for retention in bone irrespective of the bone characteristics ( e . g . cortical , cancellous , osteoporotic , variable density , variable elasticity , etc .). upper inner root flanks ( or facets ) ( 32 , 42 , 52 , 62 and 72 ) and upper outer flanks ( 33 , 43 , 53 , 63 and 73 ) work in conjunction with lower undercut inner root flanks ( 34 , 44 , 54 , 64 and 74 ) to provide primary thread retention in the adjacent bone . the conjunction of upper flanks form a substantially “ v ” shaped profile ( when view in section ) which centers and locates the bone by virtue of the crotch of the “ v ” and directs all loads imposed on the screw / bone interface to remain centered in place . in conjunction with the lower inner undercut root flank , all loads are resisted primarily by these three flanks and thwart migration of the fastener , preventing it from working loose . the lower inner root flank traps bone between it , the shaft and the adjacent upper flanks by threaded retention . all of the undercut lower root flanks — by definition of undercut — angle downwardly , from root attachment out and down towards the distal end . because the upper root flanks also declinate downwardly towards the distal end , these two root flanks when viewed jointly tend to converge as they extend away from the root . each thread pattern includes a lower , outer flank : 35 , 45 , 55 , 65 and 75 . this lower outer flank extends from the lower undercut root flank . fig3 through 7 reflect various angulations at the juncture of these lower flanks . facets 45 , 55 , 65 and 75 appear substantially perpendicular to the long axis 11 of the fastener , while flank facet 35 is canted towards the proximal end of the fastener . fig3 shows upper 33 and lower 35 outer flanks terminating at an outboard extremity in a crest diameter 36 , whose thickness is subject to modification from an appreciable thickness — as shown — to a minimal thickness approaching a thin edge , controlled by the machining process . as shown , crest 36 appears parallel to the long axis 11 ( fig1 ) of the fastener . similarly , crests 46 , 56 , 66 and 76 all appear parallel to the fastener long axis 11 . in fig4 an outermost portion of upper flank 43 registers with proximal edge of crest 46 while lower flank 45 registers with the distal edge of crest 46 . comparing fig3 and 4 , the proximal angulation of lower outer flank 35 represents a thinning of the material of the crest 36 . fig5 includes a further upper flank 57 extending between an outer most portion of upper flank 53 and a proximal edge of crest 56 . a distal edge of crest 56 addresses lower outer flank 55 . comparing tooth forms of fig4 and 5 , flank 57 represents a chamfered surface , thinning the thickness of the crest 56 . fig6 reflects the upper , outer flank 63 is parallel to both the crest 66 and the fastener long axis 11 . consequently , a further outer facet 67 transitions between outer flank 63 and crest 66 . transition facet 67 parallels lower outer facet 65 and both are perpendicular to the long axis of the fastener . the dimension of transition facet 67 is variable . fig7 includes a transition facet 77 similarly oriented and dimensional as facet 67 , and the transition between a distal edge of the crest 76 and lower outer flank 75 enjoys a chamfer flank 78 . in each thread pattern shown in fig3 - 7 , the active thread cutting geometry is shown in fig3 a - 7a and 3b - 7b with details shown in fig2 a and 2b providing bone shard transport into repository bores 80 or 90 . while the fig2 a structure follows the fig3 geometry and fig2 b follows the fig6 geometry , none the less , it shall become clear the fig4 and 7 threads are to be affected in the same manner . specifically , a hollow bore is created by drilling out the center of the fastener along the long axis 11 ( fig1 ). if the hollow bore is on the distal end , a drill penetrates a distance into the fastener from the distal end . conversely , when the hollow bore is on the proximal end , the drill enters from the proximal end 4 . next , a broaching tool plunge cuts into the cylinder exterior at an angle offset from the long axis . the tooth pattern of fig2 a is achieved by cutting at a 5 - 10 degree angle 13 — offset from the long axis 11 shown in fig1 . this results in edges on upper flanks 133 and 135 contacting bone before edges on lower flanks 134 and 135 . this results in bone shards moving in the direction “ a ”, down into hollow 80 and towards the distal end . the broaching tool , when forming the oval opening for the hollow 80 also removes material from the oval 83 at the distal end as shown by ramp 81 in fig1 . this sloped ramp 81 , leading into the hollow , enhances the precision fit with the bone that is not removed . sharp edges 82 , circumscribing the remainder of the oval 83 assure a further precise fit . fig2 b reflects the broaching tool oriented along a 5 - 10 degree offset ( 15 ) on the opposite side of the long axis 11 . please see fig1 and 6 . fig2 b reveals the lower facets 164 and 165 will be the first to contact bone , sending bone shards along the arrow b , opposite from fig2 a . shards advance downwardly into the hollow 90 and thence towards the proximal end . thus , it is to be observed that by changing the chamfer of the teeth where the broaching tool removed material , the bone shard removal pattern can be modified to either the proximal or distal interior of the fastener . for example , in fig4 a , 5a and 7a , if the leading edges of the cutter are to be 144 , 154 and 174 for the lower root flanks 44 , 54 and 74 ; and 145 , 155 and 175 for the lower outer flanks 45 , 55 and 75 , then the fig2 b broaching technique is to be followed . likewise , if the leading edges shown in fig4 b , 5b and 7b are to be made effective , the fig2 a broaching step chamfers cutters 142 , 143 , 152 , 153 , 157 , 172 , 173 and 177 to lead the cutting . other variants are contemplated as part of this invention by the scope of the claims .
a threaded fastener for embedment into bone is disclosed . threads are formed on cylindrical stock . the thread pattern features upper and lower surfaces . the upper surface includes two facets which intersect to form a “ v ” shaped contour and a lower surface which is undercut below an upper facet nearest a root of the fastener thread . the fastener includes a self - tapping cutter at a distal extremity and a driving head at its proximal extremity . the cylindrical stock contemplates two variants : it may be hollow from the proximal end to the self - tapping cutter or from the self - tapping cutter to its distal end . the self - tapping cutter is configured to feed bone shards into the hollow .