turning now to the drawings , there is shown in fig1 an athletic training device 16 including a resilient cord or other element 18 , preferably a bungee - type cord . cord 18 is secured to itself at each end , with a fastener 20 to form a larger loop 22 , and with a fastener 24 to form a smaller loop 26 . fasteners 20 and 24 preferably are metal sleeves that can be plastically deformed , i . e . squeezed together or crimped to secure the connection . as an alternative to sleeves , fasteners 20 and 24 can include d - rings , knots , sewn connections , or circular rings , preferably formed of metal but alternatively formed of plastic , wood , or ceramic material . larger loop 22 is expandable to accommodate an athlete &# 39 ; s hand therethrough , and in a relaxed ( unstretched ) state is sized to comfortably accommodate the wrist of the athlete . smaller loop 26 connects the cord to a clipping mechanism 28 . the clipping mechanism includes an s - shaped frame 30 , and two spring - loaded closure members 32 and 34 pivotally mounted to the frame . closure members 32 and 34 are biased into respective notches 36 and 38 formed in frame 30 , and cooperate with their associated segments of the frame to form respective normally closed loops 40 and 42 . each closure member can be pivoted inwardly against the spring force in the direction indicated by the arrow 44 , to open its associated loop . fig2 shows clipping mechanism 28 attached to the laces 46 of an ice skate 48 . one of the loops of clipping mechanism 28 , preferably loop 42 to which cord 18 is attached , is opened ( by moving closure member 34 ) to admit laces 46 . cord 18 loops under a boot 50 of the skate but above a blade 52 ( see fig7 ), and re - enters clipping mechanism 28 forming a skate - surrounding loop with the cord . this is accomplished by manipulating closure member 32 of clip 28 , to admit cord 18 into normally closed loop 40 of the clip , i . e . the one not containing laces 46 . the mode of attachment is particularly convenient , because it facilitates directing cord 18 through the opening between blade 52 and the boot 50 , where ( unlike the case of a shoe or slipper ) the loop surrounding the skate cannot simply be slipped over the toe . further , this mode of attachment ensures that the connection derives its strength from the skate - surrounding loop , rather than depending on the connection to laces 46 . the cord 18 then continues to the wrist loop . this is the recommended configuration for connecting the training device to ice skate 50 . cord 18 can be quickly and conveniently detached from the skate , by opening the cord - accommodating loop 40 to release the cord , opening the adjacent loop 42 to free the clip from laces 46 , then pulling the cord away from the skate through the opening between the boot and blade . fig3 shows how the quick attach and release clipping mechanism 28 is used to attach device 16 to a moccasin 54 . a similar approach can be used with a shoe , a ballet slipper , or even the bare foot . cord 18 is looped under the moccasin , slipper or shoe as indicated at 56 , and re - clips into clipping mechanism 28 forming a loop with the cord . as before , closure member 32 is manipulated to insert cord 18 into loop 40 which is adjacent loop 42 connected to loop 26 at the end of the cord . it is readily apparent that the cord is secured to the moccasin or other footwear by virtue of the tension in cord 18 , and does not require laces or any other portion of the footwear to establish a satisfactory releasable connection . cord 18 then continues to the wrist loop . this is . the recommended configuration for connecting the device to bare feet , moccasins , ballet slippers or unlaced shoes . fig4 shows an alternative attachment of device 16 to moccasin 54 or a slipper , shoe , or bare foot . cord 18 is looped under moccasin 54 as indicated at 56 , then looped or wrapped around the moccasin a second time as indicated at 58 . then , cord 18 is inserted into the clipping mechanism , this time forming a double loop around the moccasin with the cord . this effectively decreases the length of the cord continuing to the wrist loop . this is the recommended configuration for connecting and shorting the length of the device to moccasin 54 , or to a skate , shoe , bare foot , or slipper . fig5 illustrates the recommended configuration for operatively linking the same side hand and foot in front of the athlete &# 39 ; s body . cord 18 runs from loop 22 surrounding the athlete &# 39 ; s left wrist to left skate 48 which is surrounded by the cord . the quick attach and release clipping mechanism 28 attaches to laces of the skate as previously described , which in effect attaches the lower cord to the lower extremity ( i . e . the foot ). this configuration may be used for practicing camel spins or spirals . fig6 illustrates the recommended configuration for connecting the opposite hand and foot in front of the body . cord 18 runs from loop 22 surrounding the right wrist to left skate 48 which is surrounded by the cord . clipping mechanism 28 attaches to laces of the skate , which in effect attaches the cord to the lower extremity ( i . e . the foot ). this configuration may be used to practice back camels , jumps or spins . fig7 illustrates the recommended configuration for connecting the opposite hand and foot , with cord 18 disposed in back of the body . cord 18 extends from loop 22 at the left wrist loop downwardly behind the back to a right skate 48 which is surrounded by the cord . clipping mechanism 28 attaches to laces 46 of the skate , which in effect attaches the cord to the right foot . fig8 illustrates the recommended configuration for connecting the same side hand and foot while disposing the cord back of the body . cord 18 extends from loop 22 at the left wrist loop downwardly behind the back to the left skate which is surrounded by the cord . clipping mechanism 28 attaches to laces of the skate , which in effect attaches the lower end of the cord to the left foot . with a shortened cord , this configuration may be used to practice laybacks and spirals . fig9 illustrates the configuration for connecting two cords to the opposite hands and feet in front of the athlete &# 39 ; s body . cord 18 runs from the upper extremity , the right wrist , to the left foot loop formed by the cord . clipping mechanism 28 attaches to laces of the left skate . a cord 60 is attached by loop 62 to the left wrist , and extends to the right skate where an associated clipping mechanism 64 is attached to the skate laces , with the cord wrapped around the skate as previously described . fig1 illustrates a configuration for connecting two cords to the opposite hands and feet with one cord in front of the athlete &# 39 ; s body and the other behind the body . cord 18 extends from the right wrist in front of the body to the left foot loop formed by the cord . the clipping mechanism attaches to laces of the left skate . second cord 60 runs from loop 62 at the left wrist , then behind the body to the right skate where the lower end of the cord is secured about the skate using clipping mechanism 64 as previously described . fig1 illustrates a configuration for connecting two cords to the same - side hands and feet . first cord 18 runs from the right wrist to the right foot loop formed by the cord . clipping mechanism 28 attaches to laces of the right skate . second cord 60 extends from loop 62 surrounding the left wrist , to a bottom portion clipped to and surrounding the left skate in the manner previously described . this configuration may be used to practice stroking , crossovers , and split jumps . the preferred resilient tension member is a cord such as a bungee - type cord . suitable alternatives include bands , springs , and monofilament or multifilament cables . the cord is secured to itself at both ends forming loops with a fastener . the larger loop accommodates an athlete &# 39 ; s upper extremity ( wrist ), typically connecting the cord to the wrist . the smaller loop provides a connection for the cord to a clipping mechanism . the clipping mechanism has spring - loaded closure members as described above for attaching to the skate , shoe , slipper or to itself to form a loop for the lower extremity ( foot ). an alternative clip has a generally triangular main body , and three spring - loaded closure members . the means for securing the cord to itself to form the loops can include clips , d - rings , sleeves , knots , sewing , or circular rings or other means of securing an end of a cord to itself . these can be formed from a variety of materials including metals , plastics , wood , or ceramics . the length of the cord can be adjusted , or cords may be provided in different lengths to accommodate the athletes with different heights and arm spans . the tensile strength of the correctly configured bungee - type cord is sufficient to provide constant tension without providing enough resistance for any substantial exercise or stress to the muscles . the large loop 22 ( upper extremity / wrist connection ) may be replaced with an article other than a loop , such as a strap , band , handle , or bracelet — either resilient or inextensible . the clipping mechanism used to attach the cord to the skate , other footwear or bare foot , an include a carabiner , d - ring , circular ring , or any other means of attaching ends of cords . materials for this component can include metal , plastic , wood , or ceramics . releasable attachment means such as clamps , buttons , zippers , and velcro hook - and - loop closures may be used in lieu of the clipping mechanism . use of the training device to practice skating maneuvers begins with selecting a tension member having a relaxed - state length sufficient for extension from the user &# 39 ; s foot to the user &# 39 ; s waist or slightly above the waist . if a cord or other tension member is too long , it can be wrapped around the skate as previously described . then , the selected cord is secured releasably at one end to the user &# 39 ; s skate , and at the other end about the user &# 39 ; s wrist as illustrated in fig5 – 8 . alternatively , two of the cords are secured according to one of the approaches illustrated in fig9 – 11 . as the athlete performs a maneuver such as a jump in figure skating , tension in the cord is greater if the athlete &# 39 ; s body is out of position . the position with the least amount of resilient cord tension is the proper position for the maneuver . as the athlete repeatedly practices the maneuver with the cord , the muscles memorizes the proper position , growing accustomed to the correct feel of the maneuver . a salient feature of the invention is that the cords are provided with a length and flexibility particularly well suited to guide figure skaters and other athletes toward proper positioning of their hands and feet when practicing a variety of maneuvers . with reference to figure skating , the cords generally are provided at or adjusted to a length such that each cord in a relaxed state extends from the foot to about the waist as noted above . for example , the cord used by a younger athlete may be about three feet long , and for a more mature athlete may be about three feet eight inches long . then , extension of the arm above the head when the athlete is wearing the cord involves an extension or elongation in the range of 2 – 3 feet beyond the relaxed length of the cord . elongation may be in the range of sixty - five percent to eighty percent of the relaxed - state length . in other words , the extended length may range from 1 . 65 times to 1 . 8 times the relaxed - state length . of course , extended lengths will vary with users and maneuvers . preferably , the tensile force in the cord , even when extended up to eighty percent beyond its relaxed - state length , is less than 15 pounds , more preferably less than 9 pounds , and most preferably less than 5 pounds . as a result , the cord allows significant freedom of movement for performing a wide variety of maneuvers , yet also provides a difference in tension sufficient to guide the athlete toward adopting the correct posture and position in connection with each maneuver . a feature of the present invention is that cords 18 and 60 are adapted to guide the extremities toward correct relative positioning as they elongate . in other words , the guidance function of each cord coincides with an increase in tensile force during elongation . this is in contrast to previous devices in which tension is used to discourage the user from moving away from a predetermined position , such as a bent - knee position . a primary factor enabling the use of cord tension to guide rather than restrain , is the selection of tension members with low elasticities , i . e . tension members that experience substantial elongation in response to low axial force levels , as indicted above . an added benefit is that under normal use , cords 18 and 60 are not elongated to their full elongation capabilities . for example , a cord capable of over one hundred percent elongation is elongated in actual use only up to about eighty percent , and more preferably up to about sixty - five percent . thus , elongation of each cord during use is well below the elastic limit . even after multiple uses , cords 18 and 60 substantially retain their original elasticities , and the tensile force generated by a given amount of cord elongation remains substantially constant . one suitable version of cord 18 is made of an elastomer ( e . g . rubber ) sheathed in nylon , and has a diameter of about ⅛ inch ( 3 . 2 mm ). for a better appreciation of the difference between this cord and the larger - diameter cords used in muscle strengthening applications , it is noted that a cord identical to this cord , except for having a diameter of ½ inch ( 12 . 7 mm ), would exert sixteen times the tensile force of the smaller cord at a given amount of axial elongation . the placement of the resilient cord makes the device applicable to many sports , and the simplicity of the device allows for the athlete to use the device across the front or back of the body , from the hand either to the same foot or opposite foot . in addition , a second cord can be secured to the other hand and foot , to further assist the athlete . once the athlete is used to the feeling of the tensile forces occasioned by stretching the cord or cords , he or she can create a desired visual effect or style . whether in figure skating , dancing , gymnastics , diving , in - line skating , or other positioning and alignment sports , the athlete using this device has the option of using a single cord ( same hand and foot , or opposite hand and foot ) crossing in front of , or behind , the body . alternatively , two cords ( same hand and foot , or opposite hand and foot ) can be used . again , the cords can cross in front of or behind the athlete . the device is quickly attached and detached . the resilient sections are easily and quickly shortened for the smaller or younger athlete .
a training device for figure skaters and other athletes includes an elongate bungee - type cord , and a clipping mechanism with two normally closed loops secured to one end of the cord . at the other end , the cord is secured to itself to form a loop designed to accommodate the user &# 39 ; s wrist . with the loop on the wrist and with the other end of the cord secured to the skate or other footwear by the clipping mechanism , the user practices gliding , spinning , twisting , or jumping maneuvers . the elasticity of the cord is selected to provide a gentle tensile force that guides the relative positioning of the linked hand and foot as the maneuvers are performed , to positively reinforce the correct positioning for the maneuvers .