the present invention is now discussed with reference to fig1 . first cross cuff means 100 is shown wherein generally cylindrical wrist encircling means 104 is open along a longitudinal split along longitudinal edges 106 and 107 to accommodate placement of a restrainee &# 39 ; s lower arm and wrist in the interior 103 of the generally cylindrical wrist encircling means 104 . the interior 103 preferably has attached to it , removably or permanently , padding such as rubber foam , foam - filled cloth envelopes or similar compressible cellular material to accommodate firm restraint of a detainee while reducing possibility of harm from violent movement . longitudinal length 108 is the effective restraining length of wrist encircling means 104 which is to be applied to the detainee such that wrist circumferential edge 110 defines a circumference close to the juncture of the hand and wrist bones . extension 109 is shown extending from the wrist circumferential edge 110 area of wrist encircling means 104 , although preferably extending downwardly from the corner of the wrist circumferential edge 110 and edge 107 . threaded bolt 102 is attached to extension 109 at attachment 105 . closing means 101 is generally a zip - tie flexiwrap band , wherein the tapered end of closing means 101 is inserted into the other , sequentially latching at each subsequent raised notch or slot until its end and drawn therethrough and firm support of extension 105 is achieved in relation to and after placement of the restrainee &# 39 ; s arm against the interior 103 . latching means may be adequately adapted from devices in the prior art , as shown in u . s . pat . no . 5 , 463 , 884 , which is incorporated herein . the disclosure of that patent is of a ratchet and spring actuated pawl used for a wrist encircling and locking device , which may be made with molded ratchet notches on closing means 101 or such similar embodiments of the present invention wherein latching means or latching action is required . it will be obvious from the nature of the device herein that a further locking mechanism should be associated with the ratchet and pawl latching means so that a detainee cannot easily unlock the wrist encircling devices of the present invention . examples of locking mechanisms are those that require key release or may simply be inaccessible to a detainee restrained with the devices of the present invention , although preferably easily releasable by detaining personnel . the present invention is now discussed with reference to fig2 . second cross cuff means 200 is shown wherein generally cylindrical wrist encircling means 204 is open along a longitudinal split along longitudinal edges 206 and 207 to accommodate placement of a restrainee &# 39 ; s lower arm and wrist in the interior 203 of the generally cylindrical wrist encircling means 204 . the interior 203 preferably has attached to it , removably or permanently , padding such as rubber foam , foam - filled cloth envelopes or similar compressible cellular material to accommodate firm restraint of a detainee while reducing possibility of harm from violent movement . extension 209 is shown extending from the rim area of wrist encircling means 204 , although preferably extending downwardly from the corner of the cylinder rim and the longitudinal split . reception unit 202 is attached to extension 209 at attachment 205 . closing means 201 is generally a zip - tie flexiwrap band , wherein the tapered end of closing means 201 is inserted into the other , latching end and drawn therethrough until firm support of extension 209 is achieved in relation to and after placement of the restrainee &# 39 ; s arm against the interior of wrist encircling means 204 . the present invention is now discussed with reference to fig3 . first cross cuff means 100 is shown secured to the lower arm 300 of a restrainee . second cuffing means 200 is shown secured to the other lower arm 301 of the restrainee . the engagement ( rotation ) means of the first and second cross cuff means are shown engaged in an assembly forcing the crossing of the restrainee &# 39 ; s arms generally in a crossed orientation in the area of the wrists . this engagement means assembly has been formed by insertion of threaded bolt 102 into receptor unit 202 , each of which is respectively the engagement or rotating means of the first and second cross cuff means . it will be observed in fig1 and 3 that the orientation of threaded bolt 102 on extension 109 with respect to the receptor unit 202 on extension 209 is to an insertion axis of the threaded bolt 102 into receptor unit 202 which is generally parallel to the axis of the restrainee &# 39 ; s body , permitting easy engagement of the engaging means for the violent restrainee . the close relationship of the wrists and lower arms of the restrainee are seen in fig3 to be of such a short distance to prevent manipulation of the engagement means assembly , thereby eliminating the potential of unassisted release from the cuffing and engagement means . it will be appreciated that the above described rotating means may be designed in many ways to achieve the objects of the present invention , especially to obtain a substantially inflexible rotational connection between the wrist encircling means in the area of the wrist circumferential edge , preferably about within 2 inches of the wrist circumferential edge . this rather close location of the substantially inflexible rotational connection to the detainee &# 39 ; s wrists permits a surprisingly effective distribution of force from violent movements of the detainee over a broad surface area on the arm instead of concentrating such movement to a handcuff or other such prior art device . fig4 shows in hand 400 forearm / wrist / hand bones 401 such that an appreciation of the rather narrower circumference of wrist zone 402 may be had with respect to the effectively greater diameter bone structures of the adjacent forearm and hand . it can be seen that restraint of the hand and / or arm can be improved by securing the wrist with an encircling device which is smaller in circumference than the immediately adjacent forearm and hand bone structure . this observation implies that such an encircling device has width less than or equal to that of wrist zone 402 . fig6 shows another embodiment of the present invention . wrist encircling means 600 comprises a relatively stiff band of material which can be brought into cylindrical enclosure about the wrist of a detainee . the width 607 is preferably equal to or greater than about 0 . 5 inches . in widths less than about 1 . 5 inches for width 607 , the embodiment of fig5 is preferred wherein free end 606 is drawn through latching slot 605 of latching means 604 at the end of wrist encircling means 600 distal to free end 606 . wrist circumferential edge 601 is , on application to a detainee , located substantially as described for edge 110 in fig1 . exterior surface 603 is preferably smooth but may comprise a padded surface above the relatively stiff band to protect detaining personnel from blows from the detainee . interior surface 602 may be without protection between the skin of the detainee , but preferably comprises an additional layer of chafing - resistant material or padding with material exhibiting resiliency or elastic rebounding capacity as shown in part in insert 608 . insert 608 shows in part a protective piece that preferably extends along interior surface 602 from the latching means 604 end only so far as not to interfere with the securing of wrist encircling means 600 by drawing free end 606 through latching means 604 . fig5 and 5a show a section of wrist encircling means such as shown in fig1 , 3 , and 6 embodying close coupling rotating means . the shaft and capping means 500 , another embodiment of rotating means for the present invention , secures exemplary sections of two wrist encircling means with wrist circumferential edges 110a and 110b . substantially no or very little space 501 is left between the facing surfaces of the two wrist encircling means adjacent to the shaft and capping means 500 , the shaft of which pierces the relatively stiff bands of the two wrist encircling means . the facing exterior surfaces of the two wrist encircling means are joined by shaft and capping means 500 such that the two wrist encircling means may rotate substantially only about the axis of the shaft of the shaft and capping means 500 . this makes possible a very close association of the wrists of a detainee , making most comfortable a position in the detainee of one wrist or forearm located above another wrist or forearm . it has been found that an optimum rotating means securing distance 502 from the wrist circumferential edges is about 0 . 5 inches . in fig7 wrist encircling means 600 and 600a are closely coupled at shaft and capping means 500 as shown in fig5 and 5a . in a further set of embodiments of the present invention , wrist encircling means 600 is provided with wrist securing means 700 , comprising a strong , loop of flexible material adapted to be drawn about the detainee &# 39 ; s wrist zone 402 , as shown in fig4 wherein the ends of the loop of material are arranged such that one or more of the ends may be drawn through a hole 701 in the relatively stiff band and to the exterior of the band to form loop stay means 702 . such stay means are shown and described in u . s . pat . nos . 4 , 854 , 138 and d366 , 129 , which are incorporated herein . this loop and stay embodiment provides wrist securing means attached to the wrist encircling means to better restrain unpermitted removal of detainee &# 39 ; s hand from restraint . another embodiment for prevention of unpermitted removal of detainee &# 39 ; s hand from restraint is shown in fig7 in relation to wrist encircling means 600a . annular compression piece 703 comprises a firm , slightly yielding material ( such as neoprene or butyl or natural rubber ) with a ridge 704 , which will preferably compressingly lie within wrist zone 402 , as shown in fig4 upon application of the wrist encircling means 600a to a detainee . cross - section aa is shown in fig8 and 8a as examples of preferred forms of ridge 704 and 704a for annular compression pieces 703 and 703a . other design options will sometimes present the designer with considerable and wide ranges from which to choose appropriate modifications for the above examples . however , the objects of the present invention will still be obtained by the skilled person applying such design options in an appropriate manner .
the present invention comprises cuffing means supplied with separately attached or integrally molded extensions , wherein each extension has secured or integrally molded thereto at least one part of an engaging means . it is preferable that the engaging means , when operated as attachments to each extension , comprise a quickly latchable or releasable mechanism or manufactured piece .