referring to fig1 and 2 , the device is a flying disc 10 , thrown in the normal fashion consistent with flying discs . the flying disc 10 can be thrown for fun and enjoyment , or used in various disc sports including disc golf and distance competitions . at rest ( fig1 ), a center plate 12 of disc encasement contains a fluid filled diaphragm 13 made of an elastic material . an outer rim 22 includes an outer rim cavity 23 , which also contains a fluid diaphragm 25 made of elastic material . a series of holes or portals 11 and connecting tubes 27 connect the inner 13 and outer 25 diaphragms , such that they act as a set of reservoirs , allowing the fluid to flow between them . in one embodiment , the center plate 12 has a central hole concentric with the center 18 allowing a portion of the fluid filled diaphragm 13 to extend above the top surface 14 of the central plate 12 , graphically represented by dashed line 19 . when the disc 10 is thrown ( fig2 ), it is naturally spun around the center axis 18 , generating centrifugal forces that propel some of the fluid 34 from the inner reservoir or fluid filled diaphragm 13 toward an outer radius of the disc 10 , through the connecting tubes 27 , into the outer reservoir or fluid filled diaphragm 25 . the amount of centrifugal force generated is proportional to the rate of the spin , thus , the faster the spin , the more fluid is shifted from the inner 13 to the outer 25 reservoirs . as the disc &# 39 ; s spin slows down near the end of its flight , the elastic property of the diaphragms 13 , 25 returns the displaced fluid back into the center reservoir 13 . these shifts in fluid between the center of the disc and the outer rim in response to the axial rotational speed are herein referred to as the spin shift effect . while a portion of the fluid 34 may stay in the outer reservoirs 25 , it is contemplated that all of the fluid 34 that was moved to the outer reservoirs 25 from the inner reservoir 13 is returned to the inner reservoir 13 as the spinning of the disc 10 decelerates to zero . the spin shift effect is the mechanism upon which additional effects ( described below ) are implemented , which in turn creates dynamic flight - altering effects upon the disc 10 while in flight . the volume and flow rate of fluid 34 moving between diagrams 13 , 25 during spin shift effects are key factors in controlling the magnitude and the characteristics of these dynamic flight - altering effects . varying the following specifications in various discs designed upon these principles can control this fluid flow : fluid viscosity : if the fluid is thicker , it will slow the rate of flow between diaphragms , resulting in a slower transition of these effects . if the fluid is thinner , the opposite takes place . fluid density : the denser the fluid the more pronounced the weight shift effect ( described below ). length and diameter of the connecting tubes number of connecting tubes : longer tubes and / or tubes with smaller diameters , or less number of tubes also result in a slower flow rate . elasticity of the diaphragms and / or connecting tubes : lesser elasticity of these components will also result in decreased flow rate . the volume of fluid present within the diaphragms and tubes : less fluid means less total flow . as the disc spin - up occurs , and fluid is shifted away from the center 18 of the central plate 12 toward the outer rim 22 , there is a shift in the disc &# 39 ; s weight distribution , from the center 18 of the disc 10 to the outer rim 22 , so the disc 10 develops a more con - centric weight distribution . as the disc 10 spins - down , the fluid 34 shifts back to the center , and thus the disc 10 develops a more center - centric weight distribution . this shift in weight distribution between the center 18 of the disc 10 and the outer rim 22 is herein referred to as the weight shift effect . this effect is the means by which dynamic weight distribution changes are implemented during the disc &# 39 ; s flight . for example , conventional discs designed for long distance throws typically use more con - centric weight distributions that maximize spin when released at high speed . on the contrary , discs designed for shorter distances typically use more center - centric weight distributions for shorter straighter flights . by incorporating the weight shift effect , discs can be designed with con - centric weight distribution during the high - speed phase of the flight , and then transition to center - centric weight distribution as the disc spins down near the end of its flight . the result of this design is a disc that maximizes spin upon high - speed release , as high - speed discs are designed for , and then finish straight , as low - speed discs are designed for . the weight shift effect also changes the properties of rotational inertia displayed by the disc 10 . as the fluid shifts back to the inner diaphragm 13 in the later phases of the disc &# 39 ; s flight , and the weight distribution becomes more center - centric due to the weight shift effect , the free - flying disc 10 will increase its rotational speed due to the same laws of physics that cause figure skaters performing a spin to speed up when they pull their arms in . the result is a disc flight that has an extra burst of rotational speed as the disc flight winds down . this increase in rotational speed as a result of the weight shift effect in the later phases of the disc &# 39 ; s flight is herein referred to as the fluid torque effect . the shifting of fluid 34 within the disc 10 can also be used to alter the outer facets and contours of the disc 10 , herein referred to as the dynamic morphology changing effect . this effect is the means by which dynamic changes to the shape of the disc are implemented during various phases of its flight . for example , conventional discs designed for long distance throws use wide rim contours that resist “ flipping ” when released at high speed . on the contrary , discs designed for shorter distances use smaller rim contours that provide straighter flights and require less throwing force . by incorporating the dynamic morphology changing effect , discs can be designed to effectively change the rim contour by adding mass to the outer rim 22 during the high - speed phase of the flight , and then changing the rim contour back as the disc winds down near the end of its flight . the result of this design is a disc 10 that resists “ flipping ” upon high - speed release , and then finishes without fading . in addition , the dynamic form effect designs can utilize an inner reservoir 13 that exposes the elastic diaphragm to the top of the center plate 12 , thus giving the center plate 12 a dome shape 19 at the end of the flight , but a flat plate upon release . the result of this design is a disc that resists “ flipping ” upon high - speed release , and then glides for a very long time . varying combinations of these effects provides a whole new range of disc designs , resulting in new discs with capabilities that cannot be achieved without these effects , thus dramatically out - performing conventional discs . designs based upon the above specifications are herein referred to as fluid torque discs . the designs described above utilizing internal diaphragms and connecting tubes is hereby referred to as the “ complex design ”. these discs are very expensive to produce , compared to production of conventional discs . as an alternative to the complex design , sealed elastic tubes 32 ′ ( fig3 and 4 ) containing fluid 34 ′ can simply be attached to conventional discs , creating the same spin shift effect , and thus creating weight shift and fluid torque effects at a fraction of the cost required for the complex design . these tubes are herein referred to as spin tubes . these are attached to conventional flying discs in mounting slots 36 ″″ ( fig7 ) herein referred to as spin tube slots . referring to fig3 through 7 , wherein like sequentially primed reference numerals represent similar elements in the various alternative embodiments , flying disc assemblies are generally indicated at 10 ′, 10 ″, 10 ′″, 10 ″″, utilizing the simple design introduced above , in fig3 , 4 , 6 , and 7 . fig5 shows a hybrid between the described complex and simple designs . referring to fig8 , wherein like reference numerals offset by 100 represent similar elements as those discussed above , the mass 124 is different from all the other masses discussed above in that the mass 124 is not a fluid but a solid . the mass 124 includes a plurality of mass portions 131 , 133 that may or may not be covered by the caps 132 . the mass portions 131 , 133 telescopingly move in and out with respect to a central hollow tube or cylinder 135 . a plurality of axially aligned springs 137 , 139 act against to end stops 141 , 143 and push the mass portions 131 , 133 inwardly toward the center 118 . when the disc assembly 110 spins as it is thrown , the centrifugal force acts on the mass portions 131 , 133 with a force greater than the spring force of the springs 137 , 139 . this forces the mass portions 131 , 133 outwardly providing the spin shift effect , and the resulting weight shift effect discussed above . once the disc assembly 110 slows down , the spring force provided by the springs 137 , 139 slowly overcomes the centrifugal force and forces the mass portions 131 , 133 back into the central hollow tube 135 , providing the “ fluid ” torque effect described above . it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the central hollow tube 135 may include more than one cylinder ( or define more than one axis ), each having a mass portion telescopingly moving therein . only a single axis central hollow tube 135 and two mass portions 131 , 133 were shown for purposes of providing a simple drawing . the mass portions 131 , 133 may be solid or may consist of solid particulates ( e . g ., sand ). as used in the specification , words such as “ top ” and “ bottom ” are relative and used herein as exemplary terms based on the orientation of the invention as shown in the figures . these terms are not to be considered limiting . the invention has been described in an illustrative manner . it is to be understood that the terminology , which has been used , is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation . many modifications and variations of the invention are possible in light of the above teachings . therefore , within the scope of the appended claims , the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described .
the inventions are intended for the design , production and use of flying discs used in popular sports such as ultimate and disc golf , incorporating a new set of mechanisms within the discs that provides a whole new range of capabilities , in particular , the ability to implement dynamic changes to the disc &# 39 ; s flight characteristics throughout the course of its flight . these new mechanisms , and the resulting set of new effects they provide , are intended to be introduced into new flying disc designs , and also incorporated into existing designs to complement and enhance their performance .