this invention relates generally to apparatus and methods for washing articles and especially to restaurant sink devices into which dirty pots , pans and other items required for food production are generally placed for soaking and / or later washing . the restaurant industry experiences naturally heavy peak rush periods set by the common eating schedules of its patrons . during these peak rush periods the restaurant employees are concentrating on the production of food ordered by the patrons , with general heavy clean up tasks postponed until later . although steam cleaning , as in u . s . pat . no . 4 , 366 , 005 to oguri et al , has long been applied to industrial cleaning devices , pressurized liquid systems continue to dominate the art . u . s . pat . no . 5 , 184 , 635 to tromblee et al shows a fluid handling system , and u . s . pat . no . 3 , 847 , 666 to jacobs , show washer improvements . for heating system improvements , see u . s . pat . nos . 5 , 357 , 992 to yang , and 4 , 439 , 242 to hadden . automatic dishwashing apparatus are also available in large serial equipment lines suitable for institutional use , such as u . s . pat . no . 3 , 724 , 636 to wright . although this equipment comprises a single line of stations , parallel line equipments exist as in u . s . pat . no . 4 , 088 , 145 to noren for a tandem rack dishwashing machine . another type of foodware cleaning system is shown in u . s . pat . no . 4 , 147 , 558 to fraula , et al , in which the functions of rinsing and sanitizing are combined in separate apparatus so as to allow utilization of low temperature water . unfortunately , the size and cost of all of the above machines limit their use in average restaurants and fast food establishments , and none utilize gas jets in a cleansing solution . this patent describes apparatus and methods of cleaning articles in a sink by means of gas agitation of the cleansing solution surrounding the articles . a pressurized gas such as air , when jet blown into a cleansing solution , produces a bubble stream which scrubs the articles by impact and by creating turbulent flow in the solution . when the gas is preheated , it may also be used to maintain the temperature of the cleansing solution temperature over a controlled cleaning cycle . in a first embodiment , a gas pump and heater unit blows warm gas through a manifold , which then diverts the gas through tubing connected to an immersed tube , pan , or other heat exchanging device . this heat exchanger thus provides the heat required to sustain the water temperature . after leaving the heat exchanger , the cooler gas is passed through a blind section of tubing having small apertures thereon which serve as multiple jet nozzles . the gas ejected through the nozzles expands and creates bubbles which rise to the surface of the water . this bubble movement causes the water to circulate in the sink and at the same time the water becomes agitated . the pots , pans or other items placed in the sink inhibit laminar flow and further contribute to turbulent flow conditions . the increased impact forces and the swirling flow motion on the dishware creates an effective scrubbing action which assists in the separation of greases , burned carbon , and food matter from the dishware . this embodiment of the invention includes both gas pressure and water temperature controls . although many conventional control means may be utilized , the embodiment shown herein comprises a closed loop system which regulates a gas flow valve in order to bypass the gas flow away from the exhaust jets . as the bubble action is throttled downward , less heat is lost through excessive bubbling and the water temperature may be better controlled . when the bubble action is set at the lowest flow rate for effective scrubbing , the power required for the gas pump / heater combination will also be minimized . although the prime application of this cleaning system has been set forth as addressing the problems of cleaning soiled pots , pans and cooking utensils in a sink in a busy commercial environment , the system may be easily adapted to cleaning other forms of dishware , including ceramics , silver utensils and china . likewise , the using environment can be extended to include home dishwashing methods and apparatus . it will be noted that some classes of items may be sufficiently cleaned in the sink so as to not require a separate final washing . it may be adequate to simply drain the sink , and then use the forced gas jets to provide drying , thereby eliminating the need for a separate dryer . with other items , additional cycles of clean water rinses interposed with additional drain and hot forced gas drying cycles may be desirable and can be easily added . in a second embodiment of this invention , electric immersion heaters may be utilized in the sink , rather than gas heating as previously described . temperature control of the immersion heaters is accomplished by conventional electric control means . the elimination of the external gas heater and heat exchanging controls results in a simpler , less expensive embodiment which is more readily adapted to existing sink facilities . versions of this embodiment have also been designed for both free standing and counter top sinks . it has also been found that detergent that has been spread over and within the items to be cleaned , will be more completely dissolved in less time with the jet action , resulting in lower soap residue on the dishware . the use of this device has been found to effectively scrub the pots and pans so that a later wash process may not be needed . rather than sit and soak in a sink , waiting for the peak rush period to end , the items in the sink may be productively cleaned in a time saving manner . this invention therefore , not only saves labor , but also reduces both capital cost and energy cost over prior art cleaning means . in addition , since the restaurant industry is plagued by high turnover and accidents , this device should reduce turnover by reducing unpleasant tasks such as scrubbing of pots and pans . further , the associated reduction in overall handling should reduce slip and fall accidents , and the reduction in handling of sharp utensils will therefor reduce cutting injuries . it is also recognized that potential uses of this invention may be extended beyond cleaning dishware in soapy water . commercial applications , for instance , can include cleaning of parts or other articles in garages or industries in which the cleansing solutions various solvents or degreasing agents . the prime objective of this invention is to provide a sink washing system which will remove food , grease and soap from pots , pans and other dirty articles by utilizing a pressurized gas stream which is jet ejected in order to agitate a cleansing solution and jet scrub the articles . it is a another object of this invention to provide a sink washing system in which the gas is heated outside of the solution and passed through a heat exchanging apparatus in order to maintain the cleansing solution at a controlled temperature . it is yet another object of this invention to provide a sink washing system for existing sinks in which the cleansing solution is separately heated . it is still another object of this invention to provide an automatic gas flow control system for jet washing pots , pans and other dirty articles in a sink containing a temperature controlled cleansing solution . it is an additional object of this invention to provide a sink agitator system that will remove food and grease from pots , pans and other dirty articles in a reduced time period . it is a further object of this invention to provide a system for agitation of a cleansing solution that can be installed in existing sinks in counter tops . the above and other objects , features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description when making reference to the detailed description and to the accompanying sheets of drawings . fig1 is a front cross - section of a washing sink , fitted with a mechanical schematic of the heat exchanger , jet nozzle assembly , a blower , a heater , a control and sensing assembly and a control panel . fig2 shows an expanded top isometric view of the heat exchanger and jet nozzle assembly . fig3 presents a block diagram of the major elements associated with sensing and control logic , together with a mechanical schematic of the combined gas supply / heater / gas control system . fig4 shows an expanded view of the layout of a preferred embodiment of the control panel . fig5 is a graph comparing both heater power and water temperature rise vs . time , as a function of whether bubbles are being generated or not . fig6 a presents a mechanical schematic of an alternate embodiment of a simpler system installed within a conventional sink . fig6 b is a top view of above sink , sectioned below the waterline . fig7 a presents a front cross - section of a sink in a second embodiment of the simpler system , in which the sink is built into a counter top . fig7 b shows the top view of the embodiment shown in fig7 a . fig1 shows a front cross - section of a typical sink 11 , partially filled to a surface level with a liquid cleanser means such as water and a detergent , with the major elements of this invention attached thereto . these elements may be individually attached to a common building structure such as a wall , or may be partially connected together by means of a common base structure ( not shown ). the major elements are grouped as upper and lower portions , which are separable at slip joints 14 and 16 . the lower portions , as viewed progressively downward from the slip joints , include manifold 35 , which is attached to upstanding tubes 22 , 23 , 24 , and 25 , which in turn are attached to a lower horizontal portion . the major elements include a removable lower portion containing a manifolded heat exchanging tube / jet nozzle means 20 , supported within sink 11 by means such as feet 29 . sink 11 includes drain means 13 , which may be conventionally connected to garbage disposals , traps and / or other sewer line connection means that are not shown . likewise , conventional faucet means for filling the sink are not shown . mounted above the heat exchanging tube / jet nozzle means assembly 20 is an upper portion containing a combined gas supply / heater / gas control system 30 , connected through tube joints 14 , 16 to manifold 35 which is attached to the lower unit 20 through upstanding tubes 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , and 26 . fig1 depicts this upper portion in a mechanical schematic format , with the manifold and tubing shown in cross section . also illustrated is a front view of a separate electrical control unit 50 , which is electrically connected to upper portion 30 by means of cable 51 . shown on control unit 50 is front panel 52 , which contains display and switching elements necessary for operational process control . fig2 shows an expanded isometric of the lower portion which contains the manifolded heat exchanging tube / jet nozzle means assembly 20 , as viewed below section line a -- a through manifold 35 in fig1 . referring to fig1 and 2 , pressurized gas is generated by a turbine type blower 31 driven by electric motor 32 . the pressure of the gas is monitored by a pressure sensor at port 45 , and the temperature of the gas is sensed at 41 . this gas is heated by electric heater 33 and fed into gas line 34 in the direction shown by arrowheads . at the end of gas line 34 is an upper manifold assembly 35 having a lower portion 21 . this manifold is used to distribute gas from gas lines 34 and 36 to the heat exchanger and jet nozzle assembly 20 . manifold 35 contains a cavity 43 in which the pressurized gas from gas line 34 is divided equally into the heat exchanger tubes 22 and 23 . the hot gas transfers part of its heat to the water through the walls of the heat exchanger tubes 22 and 23 . the cooler gas exits the heat exchanger through upstanding tubes 24 and 26 that are connected to the lower portion 21 of manifold assembly 35 . in cavity 44 , gas from each heat exchanger tube is combined and diverted by the action of flow valve 38 to either the gas pump 31 by way of gas line 36 , valve 38 and cold gas manifold 39 , or when gas valve 38 is closed , the gas is directed through jet nozzle tube 25 to apertures 28 . the jet nozzle tube 25 is lined with a plurality of apertures 28 , and is capped at location 27 . in addition to providing support , feet 29 are used to keep the assembly off the bottom of the sink 11 to improve the water circulation around the heat exchanger tubes 22 and 23 . gas flow direction within the heat exchanging and jet nozzle tubes is shown at locations 15 . gas from cavity 44 which is not exhausted from the jet nozzles is ported to gas line 36 . gas line 36 is attached to flow valve 38 which is controlled by rotary solenoid or motor 37 . with the flow valve 38 open , gas passes through the gas line 36 through the flow valve 38 into cold gas manifold 39 which supplies low pressure gas to the turbine compressor 31 . with the flow valve 38 open the compressed gas generated by the turbine 31 repeats the cycle described above , i . e ., it circulates through the heater 33 , gas line 34 , manifold 35 , heat exchanger 23 and 24 , back to the manifold 35 , through gas line 36 , through flow valve 38 and by way of the cold manifold 39 back to the turbine 31 . in this open flow valve position , maximum heat is transferred to the dishwater 12 , and agitation does not occur . with the flow valve 38 closed so as to block gas passage from the gas line 36 to the cold manifold 39 , gas is brought into the turbine compressor 31 through the open top of cold manifold 39 . this gas is compressed by the turbine 31 , heated by electric heater 33 and fed into gas line 34 . the hot gas takes the same path previously described , but with the gas line 36 blocked by flow valve 38 , the gas is forced into the jet nozzle tube 25 where it is forced through the jet nozzles 28 . the gas forced through the nozzles 28 rises as generated bubbles in the water and expands to cause increased circulation and maximum turbulent agitation of the sink water 12 . by controlling the on - off duty cycle of the flow valve 38 , the water turbulence levels can be controlled the greater the agitation the higher the heat loss of the water . thus using a lower level of agitation requires less electrical power to maintain a given water temperature . a higher water temperature can be reached using less agitation . this type of control and temperature and pressure sensing is accomplished with the controller 40 . the controller 40 monitors the pressure at port location 45 of the turbine compressor to ensure all connections are made . it also monitors the hot gas temperature at port location 41 and controls the heater voltage to maintain specified gas temperature . the return gas temperature monitored at port location 42 represents the sink water temperature . the controller can control the heater 33 and / or the flow valve 38 that controls agitation to maintain sink water temperature . if the water is removed , the temperature at location 42 rises rapidly , and the controller sensing this rapid rise turns off the heater 33 . this will prevent hot gas or steam , resulting from loss of cooling by the heat exchanger , from being forced through the jet nozzles 28 and possibly causing damage to items in the sink or to employees . also for safety purposes the jet nozzle holes are placed on the underside of the tubilar jet nozzle 25 to prevent direct contact with the hot gas . although the heat exchanger 22 and 23 shown in fig1 and 2 are attached to the jet nozzles 25 , other practical configurations and locations are possible as long as the heat from the hot gas is transferred to the water before being forced through the jet nozzles 25 . fig3 presents a block diagram of the major elements associated with sensing and control logic , together with a mechanical schematic of the combined gas supply / heater / gas control system 30 . controller 40 contains a microprocessor 82 which is programmed to : a ) accept the outputs of the gas pressure sensor at port 45 and the temperature sensors at ports 41 and 42 ; b ) monitor , via logic cable 81 , the state of all control switches from control panel 52 to determine the selected mode and state of the blower motor 32 , heater 33 and flow valve 38 ; and c ) control the operation of blower motor 32 through relay r3 , heater 33 through relay r2 , solenoid 27 . in some modes heater 33 is controlled to maintain water temperature , in other modes the flow valve controls the temperature and agitation . the power input is controlled by the on / off switch 53 located on the control panel . when turned on , power is applied to logic power supply 83 . from this power supply , logic power is applied to controller 40 . the controller in its start up routine energizes a power control relay r1 which bypasses the on / off switch . the isolated contacts of the on / off switch are also monitored by the controller via the control panel and logic cable . when the power switch is turned off , the controller is held on by the power relay . the controller program then initiates a routine to shut the blower and heater off , keeping the blower on until the heater is cooled . fig4 shows an expanded view of the layout of a preferred embodiment of the control panel . water temperature , derived from a temperature sensor at port location 42 , is continuously indicated by liquid crystal display ( lcd ) 46 . this digital indicator is also used to set or change the various parameters that effect the washing action . ______________________________________the function of each switch is as follows : ______________________________________on - off 53 , controls main system power . jet action 54 , controls the level of agitation . high 55 for high agitation . normal 56 , for lower agitation and reduced power consumption . temperature 57 , for temperature controlhigh 58 , for washing without human hand contact . normal 59 , for a specified safe hand washing temperature . cycle time 60 , for operational time selection . extended 61 , sets timer to long time period . normal 62 sets timer to regular time period . start cycle 63 , switch initiates cycle time , normal or extended . green 64 , led indicates timer running . ready 65 , light flashing - elapse of a preselected time period . heat only 66 turns off agitation water . temperature is reduced . hours set 67 , switch that controls selected hour . minutes set , 68 , switch that controls selected minute . temp set 69 , switch that controls selected temperature . 70 , down selection control . 71 , up selection control . heating 72 , led showing when power is applied to heater . 73 , led showing that unit power is on . ______________________________________ fig5 shows a graph of experimental data comparing heater power , water temperature rise vs time as a function of turbulence measured by the extent of the bubble blowing . curves labeled a , b and c were derived without forcing gas through jet nozzles 28 , i . e ., minimum bubbles and agitation . curves d , e and f are curves derived by forcing gas through jet nozzles 28 to produce maximum bubbles and agitation . it is clearly seen that the water temperature rate of change and final temperature is a function of the agitation caused by the gas being forced through the jet nozzles 25 . it will be recognized that the gas heater and the manifolded heat exchanger may be replaced or supplemented by a separate immersion heater placed in the water . in this case , the system is made simpler , cheaper , and is easier to installed in existing sinks . fig6 a and 6b , show two views of a first embodiment of such a simpler system 100 . fig6 a is a mechanical schematic of the system installed within a conventional sink , with the sink shown as a front cross - section . fig6 b is a top view of the sink , sectioned below the waterline . referring to fig6 a , a blower 131 , enclosed in a box 102 and driven by motor 132 , is used to compress the gas 103 flowing through vents 104 in the box . the gas is routed through a pipe or flexible tube 134 , in the direction shown at position 105 , to the upper end of riser tube 122 . the lower end of riser tube 122 is attached to the lower portion of the jet assembly 120 . jet assembly 120 is disposed on the bottom of sink 11 , which is filled with water and / or cleaning solution 12 . the blower motor 132 obtains electrical power from power line 51 through an on / off switch 101 . a conventional drain 13 , is shown at the bottom of the sink 11 . referring to fig6 b , the lower portion of the jet assembly 120 has numerous apertures 128 which will permit the gas to escape into the cleaning solution 12 . the gas bubbles expand and rise causing turbulence , and the agitation scrubs clean the items in the sink . to heat the water so as to maintain its temperature , an immersion heater 113 , is used . the heater is protected by cover 114 to prevent damage to the heaters from objects in the water and to protect against burning the operator . the immersion heater 113 receives its power through a water tight feed - through 115 , control wires 116 , and a temperature controller 117 . the temperature controller 117 , receives water temperature information from sensor 118 , and adjusts the power to the immersion heater 113 to obtain the desired water temperature . wires 118 , show the input power connections to controller 117 . fig7 a , 7b , and 7c present a second embodiment 200 , which may be used with a sink which is built into a counter top . fig7 a presents a front cross - section of sink 11 , mounted in a counter top 140 , which has a splash board 141 . blower 131 and motor 132 are supported under the counter top by base support means which are not shown . gas from the blower flows in direction 105 to a gas junction with the upper end of riser tube 122 . fig7 b shows the top view and fig7 c the side view of embodiment 200 . referring to these figures , it will be seen that riser tube 122 is bent at locations 143 and 144 , and has a removable coupling 142 so as to separate the upper end of riser tube 122 from the gas line . as with the other embodiments , it is important that any gas connecting lines which are immersed in the water be cleanable . this is necessary because the cleaning water becomes contaminated with food and sediment particles , and particles can be deposited in the gas lines when the gas pressure is turned off . without gas pressure , the washwater will back flow into the gas channels . the foregoing description and drawings were given for illustrative purposes only , it being understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed , but is intended to embrace any and all equivalents , alternatives , modifications and rearrangements of elements falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims herein . although this invention has utility for cleansing many diverse articles , it has particular industrial applicability to the restaurant industry . in this environment , priority is given to fresh food preparation and sales at times of high demand . in between these periods , many routine maintence functions , including facility and dishware cleansing must be accomplished . in current practice , as pots , pans , utensils and other items required for the food production become dirty , they are generally placed in a sink for washing later . the extent of cleansing in the sink is usually limited to prewash functions such as soaking . since this invention provides means for more complete automatic cleansing of dishware in the sink , in parallel with other preparation and serving functions , time and labor savings are obtained .
this invention includes apparatus that circulates and agitates a liquid cleansing solution in a sink by means of gas jet bubbles , in order to clean dirty articles therein . the basic device comprises a base structure , a pressurized gas supply , hollow jet nozzle means disposed in the sink , the jet nozzle means having a sealed end and a plurality of apertures thereon for gas ejection , so as to produce gas bubble jet streams which scrub and clean the articles by both article impact and agitation of the liquid cleansing solution . preheating of the pressurized gas , coupled with a manifolded heat exchanger in the cleansing solution , provides the means for heating the cleansing solution . temperature control means are then used to maintain the temperature of the cleansing solution against cooling . alternately , the heat source may include a separate liquid heater . the warmed gas may also be used to dry the articles after washing .