the disclosure is directed to an expandable and collapsible pillow structure ( herein referred to as pillow structure ). in one embodiment , the pillow structure is designed to be used on an elevated surface such as a desk or table top . in another embodiment , the pillow structure is designed to be used on a fold down tray table such as those on the back of an airplane seat . in another embodiment , the pillow structure is designed to be used when the user is seated near an elevated surface . in another embodiment , the pillow structure is designed to be used by a person traveling . in a non - limiting embodiment , the pillow structure is designed to be compressed or collapsed into a smaller size for ease of carrying or packing . in one embodiment , the pillow structure is inflatable and deflatable . disclosed hereinafter and shown in accompanying fig1 to 16 are non - limiting embodiments of an expandable / collapsible pillow structure that further includes the capability of assuming two configurations : a first expanded or inflated configuration with non - limiting embodiments shown in fig1 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 16 , and 17 and a second collapsed , compressed or deflated configuration with non - limiting embodiments shown in fig2 , 9 , and 13 . the second configuration , i . e . collapsed / deflated configuration , provides a compact , easily portable package . the first configuration may be referred to as an “ expanded ” or “ inflated ” or “ user ready ” pillow structure and the terms are used interchangeably throughout the specification . the second configuration may be referred to as a “ collapsed ” or “ compressed ” or “ deflated ” or “ stored ” or “ packed ” pillow structure and the terms are used interchangeably throughout the specification . when the terms “ one ,” “ a ,” or “ an ” are used in this disclosure , they mean “ at least one ” or “ one or more ,” unless otherwise indicated in some embodiments the first configuration can be deflated and compressed to form the second configuration , and the second configuration can be inflated and expanded to form the first configuration . in other embodiments expansion may be accomplished without manually or automatically inflating with air . likewise , in other embodiments compression may be accomplished without manually or automatically deflating . fig1 illustrates a perspective view of a non - limiting embodiment of the pillow structure in the first configuration . in this configuration , pillow structure 1 is in its expanded form , suitable for use as a pillow in a situation where a user is seated near a raised surface such as coach seating on an airplane . in one embodiment , the general shape of the pillow structure in this configuration is similar to the pillow described in u . s . pat . no . 9 , 131 , 792 , entitled “ pillow structure ”, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety . continuing to refer to fig1 , in this embodiment , the pillow structure 1 has a top surface 2 , at least one side surface 3 , and a base 4 . in this embodiment , the top surface 2 is roughly hemispherical in shape and bounds a “ top ” or “ top pillow ” portion . the top surface has at least one opening 5 , which may be referred to as a “ top opening ” or “ face opening ”. the top opening extends inward into the top pillow portion . the top opening 5 has a rim 6 and a cut out 7 . the face opening 5 , rim 6 , cut out 7 may be jointly referred to as the “ rim portion ” 8 of the pillow structure . the rim portion is designed to provide a comfortable resting place for the user &# 39 ; s face . rim 6 supports the user &# 39 ; s face and can be any width or shape . in one embodiment , the rim 6 can be rounded and is about an inch or two wide . in another embodiment , the rim can extend into the top opening . cut out 7 provides additional support for the user &# 39 ; s face or chin to rest when the user &# 39 ; s face is place in the top opening 5 . cut out 7 can also provides additional air circulation and flow near the user &# 39 ; s mouth when the user &# 39 ; s face is placed in the top opening 5 . in another embodiment , the top opening is roughly circular in shape with cut out 7 located in the lower portion . the top opening can be placed anywhere on the top surface . in one embodiment , the top opening is at angled at a slight and gradual incline . in another embodiment , the top opening is substantially at the top of the pillow structure but not necessarily at the apex of the pillow structure . in another embodiment , the angle of the top opening is between 10 and 80 degrees when compared to a horizontal axis . in another embodiment , the angle of the top opening is between 20 and 70 degrees when compared to a horizontal axis . in another embodiment , the angle of the top opening is between 30 and 50 degrees when compared to a horizontal axis . in another embodiment , the angle of the top opening is about 35 to 45 degrees when compared to a horizontal axis . continuing to refer to fig1 , in this embodiment , the side surface 3 is rounded without delineated edges and roughly bounds a frustoconical or cylindrical in shape which serves as a “ pedestal ” or “ pedestal pillow ” portion or “ lower ” or “ lower pillow ” portion . the pedestal pillow portion supports the top pillow portion . side surface 3 has at least two openings 9 ( only one visible ), which may be referred to as a “ side opening ” or “ arm opening ”. two of the at least two openings are on opposing sides of the side surface , extending inward from the sides . in one embodiment , two of the at least two openings 9 form a “ tunnel ” that passed through the pedestal pillow portion . in another embodiment , the tunnel is large enough to provide adequate room for a user &# 39 ; s arms and hands to be placed inside . in another embodiment , side surface 3 has at least three openings . continuing to refer to fig1 , in this embodiment , base 4 is the pedestal pillow portion opposite the top pillow portion . in general , base 4 is the portion of the pillow structure that contacts the elevated surface upon which the pillow sits . in one embodiment , the base can be roughly circular in shape . in one embodiment the base can be disk shaped ( see fig1 ). in another embodiment , the base can be ring shaped , e . g . the lower edge of the pedestal pillow portion ( see for example , fig1 ). in another embodiment , the base is the lower or contact edge of the pedestal pillow portion . in one embodiment the base 4 is wide enough to maintain stability when the pillow structure is in use . in another embodiment , the diameter of the base 4 is smaller than the vertical height of the pillow structure . in another embodiment , the pillow is substantially taller than its horizontal length or width . continuing to refer to fig1 , the pillow structure 1 in its first configuration ( i . e . expanded ), has an internal cavity 10 . the internal cavity is formed from the joining of the at least one top opening 2 and at least two side openings 9 . in one embodiment , the at least two side openings are large enough to insert an object into the internal cavity such as a mobile device , phone , table , gaming device or other device . the at least two side openings can also provide space for a power cord or wire for headphones . in another embodiment , the cavity is formed from the joining of the at least one top opening and at least three side openings . in this embodiment , the third side opening can be used to pass cords to electronic devices placed inside of the internal cavity . alternatively , in this embodiment , the third side opening can be use to illuminate the internal cavity or increase air circulation or flow into the cavity . in one embodiment , the entire pillow structure can be made from one material . in another embodiment , the pillow structure can be made from at least two different materials . in another embodiment , the pedestal portion bounded by side surface 3 and base 4 and the hemispherical portion bounded by top surface 2 can be composed of a first material , whereas rim 6 , cut - out region 7 , optionally face opening 5 ( which , in one embodiment , corresponds to the thickness dimension of rim 6 ), and optionally side opening 9 can be made of a second material . in another embodiment , side surface 3 and top surface 2 can be composed of a first material , rim 6 , cut - out portion 7 , optionally face opening 5 , and optionally side opening 9 can be composed of a second material , and base 4 can be composed of a third material . in one embodiment , various materials can be used to make the described pillow structure . in another embodiment , the material can be a material that is puncture resistant and capable of being hermetically sealed ( i . e . holding air or gas ). in another embodiment , the material can be flexible enough to fold or roll up when in a collapsed state yet rigid enough to maintain form when in an expanded state . in another embodiment , the material can have multiple textures or different textures from one side to the other , either left to right or front to back . in another embodiment , the material can be a material that is capable of expansion and collapsing . non - limiting examples of materials include plastics , canvass , polymers , films , vinyl , polyvinyl chloride , urethane , rubber , treated fabric , memory foam or beaded foam , down , feathers , or other pillow or foam materials , materials having a soft surface ( e . g . cotton , fleece , animal skin , polyester , etc . ), multi - layer materials , etc . in another embodiment ( not shown ), a separate removable cover can be used . the separate removable cover can help keep the pillow cleaner . the separate removable cover can help reduce the wear and tear on the pillow structure . the separate removable cover can be made from any material that is comfortable against a user &# 39 ; s skin . the separate removable cover can be made from a cleanable or washable material . in general , the separate removable cover is designed to maintain the face opening of the pillow structure when it is on the pillow structure . in one embodiment , the separate removable cover covers a portion of the top pillow portion , mainly the top opening . in another embodiment , the separate removable cover covers the entire top pillow portion . in another embodiment , the separate removable cover covers the entire top pillow portion and a portion of the pedestal pillow portion . in another embodiment , the separate removable cover covers the entire pillow structure . in this embodiment , the removable cover includes openings that align with the side openings in the pedestal pillow portion . the separate removable cover can be held in place using a variety of mechanisms . non - limiting mechanisms include elastic , ties , hook and loop ( e . g . velcro ® brand ), frog closures , magnets , buttons , etc .). in one embodiment , pillow structure 1 can be inflatable / deflatable . in the inflatable / deflatable embodiment , pillow structure 1 can have portions that are inflatable / deflatable and portions that are not inflatable / deflatable . in one embodiment , the non - inflatable / deflatable portions can include the rim 6 , cut - out 7 , and optionally face opening 5 . in another embodiment , the inflatable / deflatable portions of pillow structure 1 can include the top hemispherical portion and the pedestal portion , together referred to as the “ inflatable portion ” 11 of the pillow structure . in another embodiment , the inflatable / deflatable top hemispherical and pedestal portion are joined such that air can move from the top into the pedestal or vice versa . in another embodiment , the inflatable / deflatable top and pedestal portions are separate and air cannot move from the top into the pedestal or vice versa . in this embodiment , the user can adjust the firmness of the top portion separately from the firmness of the pedestal portion . for example , the top portion can be softer than the pedestal portion or vice versa . in the inflatable / deflatable embodiments of the pillow structure , the inflatable / deflatable portions of the pillow structure ( e . g . top surface 2 , side surface 3 , optionally rim portion 8 , and optionally base 4 ) comprise multi - layer surfaces . the multi - layer surfaces have an interior region between the layers that is closed or sealed off from the exterior , and can accept and contain gas such as air pumped or blown there into . when the gas or air is pumped into the interior , the pedestal and hemispherical regions inflate and expand to assume the form of the first configuration . in one embodiment , the multi - layer surfaces include at least two layers . in another embodiment , the multi - layer surfaces include at least three layers . in another embodiment , the interior regions further include baffles or other structures that help control the air flow and / or restrict air movement . fig2 illustrates a perspective view of a non - limiting embodiment of the second configuration ( i . e . compressed / deflated ) of the pillow structure . in this configuration , pillow structure 1 is in its largely compressed form , suitable for convenient carrying and transport . fig3 is a side view of a non - limiting embodiment of the first configuration of the pillow structure , i . e ., in its fully inflated form . visible in this view is valve 12 in its closed off position . when the pillow structure is in its inflated configuration , the valve is closed off to prevent leakage of air out of the pillow . feature 13 is an optional pump which may be integrated into the pillow structure . having such an integrated pump would obviate the need to either blow up the pillow structure manually ( e . g . by blowing into valve 12 ), or to attach an outside pump such as a bellows or bicycle pump or other pump means available in the market . integrated pump 13 could be positioned either external to ( as shown in the drawing ) or internal to inflatable / deflatable portion 11 of the pillow structure . no matter where the pump itself was positioned , its output would have to be pumped into the interior of inflatable portion 11 , to inflate the pillow structure . in one embodiment , air would be pumped into the interior of inflatable / deflatable portion 11 via pump inlet 14 , which may also include a shut - off 15 which would prevent leakage when the pump was off . also shown is start button 16 , which could be pressed to initiate an automated inflation process . such an integrated pump mechanism in one embodiment would be battery powered . in another embodiment , the integrated pump further includes a pressure sensor . in another embodiment , the integrated pump further includes an automatic shut off . the automatic shut off can be activated based on the amount of time the pump runs or can be tied to a pressure sensor . fig4 is a perspective view during initial stages of deflation of a non - limiting embodiment of the inflatable / deflatable pillow structure . to deflate , valve 12 is opened ( which may be accomplished by pulling out valve stopper 17 ), allowing air to escape from the inflatable portion . fig4 also shows the arm opening 9 collapsing downward , and the vertical height of the pedestal portion decreasing as deflation occurs . fig5 and 6 show sequentially later stages of deflation of a non - limiting embodiment of the inflatable / deflatable seated pillow structure . arm opening 9 collapses completely , the pedestal portion also collapses vertically , until rim portion 8 lies essentially horizontally atop collapsed inflatable / deflatable portion 11 . as the remaining air is let out from the mostly deflated stage shown in fig6 , the pillow structure assumes the fully deflated form of the second configuration , shown in fig2 . fig7 illustrates a non - limiting example of a carrying case 18 configured to hold and transport the deflated pillow structure shown in fig2 . closing mechanism 19 allows easy packing . non - limiting examples of closing mechanisms include zippers ( illustrated ), hook and loop ( e . g . velcro ® closures ), and snaps . attachment mechanism 20 enables attaching carrying case 18 to a suitcase , luggage rack , or belt by way of example . non - limiting examples of attachment mechanisms include clips , carabiners , hook and loop ( e . g . velcro closures ), and buckles . fig8 and 9 illustrate further compaction of the deflated pillow structure shown in fig2 . fig8 shows folding the deflated pillow structure once in half to yield a half - circular shape , and fig9 shows folding the deflated pillow structure two times in half to yield a quarter - circular shape . fig1 shows a non - limiting example of a quarter - circular carrying case , thick enough to accept the twice folded deflated pillow structure . fig1 illustrates a side view of another non - limiting embodiment of the expandable / collapsible pillow structure , in its first , i . e ., fully expanded , configuration . in this embodiment , top surface 2 and side surface 3 are constructed of a plurality of accordion folds 21 , for the purpose of enabling a predetermined accordion - like deflated configuration , rather than a simple collapse during deflation , as demonstrated in an earlier embodiment . the number of accordion folds can vary ; in the figure , there are numerous such folds , both on the top surface 2 of the hemispherical portion , and on the side surface 3 of the pedestal portion . however , in other embodiments , there may be a much smaller number of accordion folds . other than the difference in the top surface and side surface between the accordion folds in this embodiment and absence thereof in an earlier embodiment , the two embodiments of the expandable / collapsible pillow structure share the same features as discussed in detail in paragraphs 40 through 49 above and briefly discussed below . as in the earlier embodiment of the expandable / collapsible pillow structure , the pedestal portion of this embodiment , bounded by side surface 3 and the hemispherical portion bounded by top surface 2 , are composed of a first material , whereas the rim , face opening ( which corresponds to the thickness dimension of the rim ), and cut - out region , are made of a second material . the pedestal portion and the hemispherical portion are connected and inflatable . this implies that those portions of the pillow structure have an interior region between the exterior walls ( i . e ., the sides ) that is closed or sealed off from the exterior , and can accept gas such as air pumped or blown there into . the interior of the pedestal portion and the hemispherical portion communicate with one another , i . e . are connected and form one combined interior . when the gas or air is pumped into the interior , the pedestal and hemispherical regions inflate and expand to assume the form of the first configuration . the inflatable / deflatable pedestal and hemispherical portions this embodiment of the expandable / collapsible pillow structure are together referred to as the inflatable portion 11 . an optional pump ( not shown ) can be integrated into this embodiment similarly to the way it can be integrated into the earlier embodiment shown in fig3 . the rim , face opening ( not shown ), and cut - out regions ( not shown ) are together referred to as the rim portion 8 . the rim portion is designed to provide a comfortable resting place for the user &# 39 ; s face , and in some embodiments is not made to be inflatable . the rim portion may be comprised of a soft comfortable material such as memory foam or beaded foam or down or feathers or other pillow or foam materials , and may have a soft surface covering such as cotton , fleece , animal skin , polyester , by way of example . fig1 is a side view during initial stages of deflation of the non - limiting embodiment shown in fig1 . to deflate , valve 12 is opened , allowing deflation to take place . in an embodiment of the partially deflated stage , in the first step , rim portion 8 is tilted to a more horizontal position , compressing the accordion folds of top surface 2 , thereby deflating the hemispherical portion . fig1 is a side view of the non - limiting embodiment shown in fig1 in its second configuration , i . e . fully deflated stage . following the full compression of the accordion folds of top surface 2 , the accordion folds of side surface 3 are compressed , thereby deflating the pedestal portion and yielding the fully compressed and deflated configuration shown in the figure . in one embodiment , having the accordion folds yields a neat and compact second configuration . fig1 is a side view of an expanded configuration of another non - limiting embodiment of the expandable / collapsible pillow structure incorporating a locking mechanism . this embodiment may include inflatability , or alternately it may be expandable and compressible without inflation or deflation . in this embodiment , a locking mechanism 22 engages to maintain the pillow structure in its expanded configuration . the locking mechanism can take many forms , non - limiting examples include a latch that pops into place when the expansion is complete or a locking hinge . if the structure is expanded , such a locking mechanism could provide robustness to keep the structure in its fully expanded configuration , whether or not inflated . additionally , the locking mechanism could enable a purely mechanical expansion in place of inflation . the pillow structure could be opened and then locked into its opened , expanded position . fig1 is a side view of an expanded configuration of another non - limiting embodiment with both accordion folds and a locking mechanism . fig1 also shows the accordion folds adapted to being manually unfolded ( in the directions of the arrows on the figure ), such that the pedestal portion and hemispherical portion , which together are referred to as the expandable portion 11 , open and cause portion 11 to expand . locking mechanism 22 is then engaged to hold the pillow structure in its open , expanded configuration . the locking mechanism 22 can then be disengaged to allow the pillow structure to close into the compressed configuration . the locking mechanism can take various forms . non - limiting mechanical locking mechanisms include those similar to those on folding chairs or tables may be used , a hinged mechanism ( shown on the figure ), those similar to children &# 39 ; s expandable plastic cups , wherein the rings click into an open configuration as the top ring is lifted and others . in some embodiments , an air inlet into the interior of the expandable portion can be included to account for the volume will increase as the structure is expanded . fig1 is a perspective view of a non - limiting embodiment of the expandable / collapsible pillow structure . in this embodiment , the face opening has a much larger rim and the base is the ring shaped lower portion of the pedestal pillow . fig1 is a perspective view of a non - limiting embodiment of a user using the expandable / collapsible pillow structure . in this embodiment , the pillow structure is being used on the surface of a pull down tray located on the back of an airline seat . the pillow is shaped such that the user 23 is in a comfortable position that reduces strain on the neck , shoulders , arms , hands , and waist / hips . the user &# 39 ; s head position 24 is higher than the body 25 . the higher head position allows the use to place her arms 26 and hands 27 in the tunnel like side openings . the user leans forward into the pillow structure , placing her face into the top opening 5 without leaning too far at the waist or hips . the placement of the arms into the side openings leaves allows the arms to remain substantially perpendicular to the user &# 39 ; s body 25 . in another embodiment , the user can place her arms around the pedestal pillow portion instead of placing the hands and arms in the side openings . in another embodiment ( not shown ), the user can lay the side of her head on a section of the top pillow that does not have a top opening . in this embodiment , it may be more comfortable for the user to only place one arm and hand though the side openings . in one inflatable / deflatable embodiment , the weight of the user &# 39 ; s head on the top pillow portion increases the air pressure in the pedestal pillow portion . the increased air pressure in the pedestal pillow portion provides additional structural support ensuring that the at least two side openings do not deform or collapse . keeping pressure off the arms allows for proper blood circulation and reduces or prevents the arms from “ falling asleep ” due to lack of blood circulation . the use of a locking device can also help prevent the side openings from deforming or collapsing . while the disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in the foregoing description , such description is to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive . the disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments . modifications to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed disclosure , from a study of the disclosure and the appended claims . for example , other materials can be used to manufacture the pillow structure other than those listed .
a supporting pillow structure for a user to sleep or to perform sedentary activity facing down toward the pillow structure with the user &# 39 ; s hands and arms placed below their face . embodiments of the pillow structure may be configured to provide users with comfort and support while the user is seated leaning forward at a desk or table . embodiments may be further configured to expand and compress , for example to inflate and deflate , into a compact easy to carry package .