aspects of the invention are disclosed in the following description and related drawings directed to specific embodiments of the invention . alternate embodiments may be devised without departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention . additionally , well - known elements of exemplary embodiments of the invention will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the invention . further , to facilitate an understanding of the description , a discussion of several terms used herein follows . as used herein , the word “ exemplary ” means “ serving as an example , instance or illustration .” the embodiments described herein are not limiting , but rather are exemplary only . it should be understood that the described embodiments are not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments . moreover , the terms “ embodiments of the invention ”, “ embodiments ” or “ invention ” do not require that all embodiments of the invention include the discussed feature , advantage or mode of operation . generally referring to a prior art in fig1 a - 1c , wherein fig1 a shows a cross - section of a patient &# 39 ; s skin in a donor area through a follicular unit 14 that has hair follicles a , b , c , d extending through a fatty layer 10 , a dermis layer 11 , and a epidermis layer 12 , having bulbs anchored into the fatty layer 10 , a sebaceous gland 13 , and an arrector pili muscle 15 . a follicular unit may include more or less than two hair follicles . fig1 b show a punch 16 inserted downward through epidermis layer 12 , dermis layer 11 and cutting sebaceous gland 13 to the level just deeper to insertion of arrector pili muscle attachment 15 and may transect hair follicular unit 14 as shown in fig1 c . with reference to the prior art in fig1 d - 1f , wherein fig1 d shows a drilled follicular unit 14 before extraction and a forceps 17 is used for grasping a superior end of a follicular unit . the follicular unit is then pulled out a few millimeters so as to be able to grasp the follicular unit hair below forceps 17 by a second forceps 18 , as shown in fig1 e , which assists the extraction of the drilled follicular unit . the first forceps 17 is then released and the second forceps 18 is used to pull out the remaining hair follicles of the follicular unit hair 14 , as shown in fig1 d . with reference to other prior art in fig2 a - 2c , wherein fig2 a shows a cross - section of a patient &# 39 ; s skin of a donor area through a follicular unit 24 that has hair follicles a , b , c , d extending through a fatty layer 10 , a dermis layer 11 and an epidermis layer 12 , having bulbs anchored into the fatty layer 10 a sebaceous gland 13 and an arrector pili muscle 23 . a follicular unit may include more or less than two hair follicles . in fig2 b a punch 26 is inserted downward through epidermis layer 12 , dermis layer 11 and into fatty layer 10 . it is noted that while pushing punch 26 into the skin , there would be side to side movement of the punch as indicated by arrows 25 on entry , and 27 at the bottom around the drilled follicular unit 24 . instability of the punch 26 for lack of support to the operator &# 39 ; s hand may result in transecting hair follicle a , b , c or d as shown in fig2 c . with reference to the other prior art in fig2 d - 2f , wherein fig2 d shows extraction of a follicular unit 24 using a forceps 28 for grasping a superior end of a follicular unit and pulling the follicular unit out by few millimeters . this allows for the grasping of the follicular unit hair below forceps 28 by a second forceps 29 , which further assists assist the extraction , as shown in fig2 e . next , the first forceps 28 can be released , and only using forceps 29 , the whole follicular unit hair 24 is pulled out , as illustrated in fig2 d . using the second forceps 29 , the operator would be able to extract one hair each time as shown in fig2 f . exemplary fig3 a is a schematic view showing the orientation and the depth of penetration of a punch , through a patient &# 39 ; s skin of a donor area for extraction of a follicular unit . the depth of drilling is limited to the depth of a sebaceous gland and does not traverse to an arrestor pile muscle located below . the orientation of drilling follows the inclination of the angle of emergence of hair in order to avoid any hair follicle being transected . exemplary fig3 b shows a punch 35 having a bulging body with a 45 degrees sloping shoulder 36 which when resting on the skin surface limits the drilling depth . exemplary fig3 c shows as how the sloping shoulder of the punch when supported on the skin surface automatically assumes an angle 33 which is close to the angle of hair protrusion from the skin surface . exemplary fig3 a - 3c exhibit as to how a depth and orientation of drilling is attained automatically without guessing and manipulation which expedites the process and saves time . before starting a drilling procedure , a patient can be positioned in a prone position , which is considered a simple and safe method to improve oxygenation and comfortable position , and then a tumescent solution can be injected into the papillary dermis . the injected tumescent solution may flow further into the reticular dermis , but may not penetrate the hair follicle . for example , penetration of the hair follicle may be avoided because of a sheath around the follicle . however the tumescent solution can compress the hair follicle circumferentially . this procedure can stretch and harden the patient &# 39 ; s skin , including a fatty layer 30 , a dermis layer 31 , and an epidermis layer 32 at a top portion , and can compress around a hair follicular unit which includes about two hair follicles . exemplary fig4 a - 4d shows a cross - section through a several drilled follicular units of a patient &# 39 ; s skin in a donor area . exemplary fig4 a shows the cross - section through several drilled follicular units ready for extraction . exemplary fig4 b shows a piece of sterile gauze 37 is being used to swipe across a localized area of skin surface opposite to the direction of hair protrusion in order to loosen the drilled follicular units and also to straighten the hair follicles for facilitating the gripping of hair before extraction . exemplary fig4 c shows the straightened hair follicles 38 ready for extraction . exemplary fig4 d shows a special forceps 39 which can have a longer tip and a more rigid structure , as compared to other hair extraction forceps now being used . the forceps 39 in the present exemplary embodiment may have a longer gripping handle and firmer tip which can be pressed on the skin surface . thus , forceps 39 can allow for grasping firmly several hair follicles 38 more deeply at the skin surface and pulling out the hair in one step , instead of using two . thus a shorter and shorten the procedure time . exemplary fig5 illustrates an embodiment of the punch 40 having a cylindrical portion 41 with a 45 degrees sloping conical portion 42 . the conical portion 42 further can include a hollow punch barrel 44 that may have a sharp cutting edge at an end and an elongated handle portion 46 the cylindrical portion 41 can be provided with a hole 45 of about 3 . 16 mm which opens into the hollow barrel 43 of the punch , although it may be appreciated that any other dimensions of the hole 45 may be utilized , as desired . the punch barrel may further have an inner diameter less than an outer diameter . the length of the elongated cylindrical tubing 44 of the punch can be variable and may be selected based on the size of a sebaceous gland , which often ranges from 3 mm to 4 mm or more in thickness . the diameter of the punch barrel can be sized based on thickness of a hair measured in micrometers which is about 0 . 75 μmm , about 0 . 80 μm , about 0 . 85 μm or about 0 . 90 μm . in some exemplary embodiments , however , the cylindrical portion 41 with a conical portion 42 can limit the entry of the punch tubing 44 into the skin . in some exemplary embodiments , selecting a 45 degree sloping conical portion 42 may be based on the angle of hair exiting from the skin . such an angle may be detrimental in controlling the angle of the entry of the punch and also stabilizing the movement of operation when drilling through the skin . the length of the handle 46 is about 23 . 25 mm and the diameter is about 2 . 4 mm , which is the longest component of the punch 40 , although variations in size and shape may be made , as desired . exemplary fig6 , illustrates a forceps 50 used in some embodiments described herein . the forceps 50 can be held between a thumb and two fingers of a user in operation . the forceps 50 can have a pair of elongated , separable and flexible arms that may include of a serrated handle 53 and joined at top 54 . additionally , the arms 53 may be spring biased which may allow for quick and easily grasping the hair follicle , for example , by a bow shaped curved portion of the shaft 52 , 53 which is joined at top 54 having a tip 51 at an end portion . the tip 51 can have a tapered shape having an inner dimension of about 6 . 1 mm and outer dimension about 9 . 2 mm , although other dimension may be utilized , as desired . the serrated portion 53 of the forceps 50 can be about 36 mm long , which may allow for comfortable holding by a thumb and two fingers . the forceps 50 may allow for exerting pressure on the skin and controlling depth and angle of the extraction of follicular unit , as shown in exemplary fig4 d . the foregoing description and accompanying figures illustrate the principles , preferred embodiments and modes of operation of the invention . however , the invention should not be construed as being limited to the particular embodiments discussed above . additional variations of the embodiments discussed above will be appreciated by those skilled in the art . therefore , the above - described embodiments should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive . accordingly , it should be appreciated that variations to those embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims .
a method for extraction of a follicular unit from a donor area may be provided . the method may include the steps of positioning a patient in a prone position , injecting a fluid into the dermal layer of skin , evaluating a hair shaft diameter , locating the sebaceous gland , selecting a punch diameter , selecting a punch penetration depth , and extracting the follicular unit from the donor area .