[ 0024 ] fig1 schematically shows an isocentric c - arm x - ray apparatus 1 . in the exemplary embodiment , the c - arm x - ray apparatus 1 has a device cart that can be moved on wheels 2 . the c - arm x - ray apparatus 1 has a lifting device 4 with a column 5 , schematically indicated in fig1 . arranged on the column 5 is a holder 6 , on which in turn is arranged a support part 7 to support a c - arm 8 . the c - arm 8 carries an x - ray source 9 and a radiation detector 10 which are mounted opposite one another on the c - arm 8 , such that a central beam zs of an x - ray beam originating from the x - ray source 9 is approximately centrally incident on the detector surface of the radiation detector 10 . for example , a planar image detector or an x - ray image intensifier as are generally known can be used as the radiation detector 10 . the support part 7 is held by the holder 6 so as to be rotatable in a known manner around a common axis a of the holder 6 and the support part 7 ( double arrow a , angulation ) and can be moved ( double arrow b ) in the direction of the axis a . the c - arm 8 is held in the support part 7 such that it can be displaced with regard to the isocenter i of the c - arm 8 along its circumference in the direction of the double arrow o ( orbital motion ). with the lifting device 4 , the c - arm 8 ( that is connected with the column 5 of the lifting device 4 via the support part 7 and the holder 6 ) can be adjusted vertically relative to the device cart 3 . a patient p ( shown schematically in fig1 ) lies on a table t that is ( likewise shown only schematically , and that is transparent for x - ray radiation ) that can be adjusted vertically with a lifting device ( not shown ). the patient p can be examined radiologically in different manners according to the adjustment possibilities ( cited previously ) of the c - arm x - ray apparatus 1 of the table t , with x - ray radiation originating from the x - ray source 9 permeating the patient p with the central beam zs and striking on the radiation detector 10 . the c - arm x - ray apparatus 1 in particular produces a volume dataset of body parts of the patient p . in the exemplary embodiment , a computer 11 is arranged in the device cart 3 , the computer 11 being connected ( in a known manner not shown in fig1 ) with the radiation detector 10 , and in a known manner a volume dataset of the body part to be represented is reconstructed from a series of 2d projections ( acquired with the x - ray source 9 and the radiation detector 10 ) obtained with a displacement of the c - arm 8 around a body part of the patient p to be represented in the image . the c - arm 8 is either moved along its circumference in the direction of the double arrow o relative to the bearing part 7 or through approximately 190 ° with regard to the angulation axis a . approximately 50 to 100 2d projections are acquired during the displacement . in the exemplary embodiment , the computer 11 controls the displacement of the c - arm 8 by means of an electrical drive motor 12 in the support part 7 , or by means of an electrical drive motor 13 in the holder 6 . the computer 11 is connected with the electrical drive motors 12 and 13 in a known manner not shown . in order to be able to reconstruct the volume dataset from the series of 2d projections , respective position sensors ( encoders ) 14 and 15 , which associate a position of the c - arm 8 relative to the body part to be represented with each of the 2d projections of the body part to be acquired , are integrated into the electrical drive motors 12 and 13 . projection geometries which are necessary for the reconstruction are determined from the positions identified with the sensors 14 and 15 . due to the limited mechanical strength and resistance to deformation of the c - arm 8 , the x - ray source 9 and the radiation detector 10 can easily become aligned differently relative to one another depending on the position of the c - arm 8 . in the exemplary embodiment errors ( resulting via the deformation of the c - arm 8 ) with regard to the geometry of the c - arm 8 are compensated for the most part by means of an offline calibration , for example with a calibration phantom or projection matrices . the offline calibration is implemented , for example , during the initial operation of the c - arm x - ray apparatus i or shortly before the acquisition of a series of 2d projections . an example of such an offline calibrations is specified in u . s . pat . no . 5 , 923 , 727 , cited in the preamble . in the exemplary embodiment , a volume dataset of the head k of the patient p is prepared with the c - arm 8 ( as described ) moving along its circumference , and a series of 2d projections of the head k of the patient p is thereby prepared . an orbital scan thus is implemented . from the series of 20 projections , the computer 11 calculates a volume dataset from which an image is reconstructed and displayed at a monitor 16 that is connected with the computer 11 by an electrical line 17 . a 3d sensor also is arranged on the c - arm 8 . in addition to fig1 reference is also made to fig2 for explaining the functioning of the 3d sensor . the c - arm x - ray apparatus 1 of fig1 is likewise shown in fig2 but no patient p is located on the table t . in the exemplary embodiment , the 3d sensor is formed by a laser 21 , a deflection mirror 22 and a ccd camera 23 . the laser 21 is mounted on the c - arm 8 so that the laser beam originating from the laser 21 is incident on the deflection mirror 22 . the deflection mirror 22 is mounted on the c - arm 8 so that it can be pivoted and , in the exemplary embodiment , is moved with an electromotor ( not shown in the figures ) so that what is known as a “ light line ” 25 ( aligned parallel to the orbital rotation axis of the c - arm 8 ) that is emitted onto the table t ( see fig2 ) is created from the laser beam 24 for each position of the c - arm 8 relative to the device truck 3 . this is acquired by the ccd camera 23 that is attached to the c - arm 8 at a triangulation angle α . if a subject ( in the exemplary embodiment , the patient p or his head k ) is located on the table , a subject height line 26 ( shown in fig1 ) that is emitted on the head k of the patient p is created from the light line 25 ( shown in fig2 ). the ccd camera 21 scans the subject height line 26 at the triangulation angle α . the electrical signals from this scan are supplied to the computer 11 with which the ccd camera 21 is electrically connected in a manner not shown . from these signals , the computer 11 calculations the displacement of the subject height line 26 relative to the light line 25 associated with the current position of the c - arm 8 . in order to now obtain a 3d height image of the head surface of the patient p , thus a surface image of the head k of the patient p , the c - arm 8 is moved along its circumference with the 9 deactivated x - ray source ( orbital scan ). during the orbital scan , subject height lines are acquired in this manner for various positions of the c - arm 8 relative to the device carts , and the signals associated with them are forwarded to the computer 11 . from the individual subject height lines the computer 11 calculates the surface image , which can be reproduced at the monitor 16 . the position of the 3d sensor must be known for the calculation of the individual surface height lines , or the surface image . since the c - arm 8 , as already noted , slightly deforms in practice , in the exemplary embodiment it undergoes an offline calibration ( already specified ). the position of the 3d sensor thus is sufficiently precisely known for each position of the c - arm 8 , so that the surface image can be calculated . if the patient p is aligned the same for the orbital scan to produce the volume dataset and the surface image , it is possible in a simple manner to overlap ( overlay ) the surface image and the x - ray image associated with the volume dataset . it is also possible for the series of 2d projections and the scan of the patient p with the laser 21 to be implemented during exactly one orbital scan . although modifications and changes may be suggested by those skilled in the art , it is the intention of the inventor to embody within the patent warranted hereon all changes and modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of his contribution to the art .
in a method and x - ray apparatus to produce a surface image of an examination subject , wherein the x - ray apparatus that comprises a carrier support for an x - ray system including an x - ray source and a radiation detector , the carrier support is moved relative to the examination subject during the acquisition of a series of 2d projections of the examination subject . a 3d sensor is mounted on the carrier support that acquires an image dataset of the examination subject during movement of the carrier support relative to the examination subject . the image dataset represents an image of at least one part of the surface of the examination subject . the invention also concerns an x - ray apparatus with which the inventive method can be implemented .