referring first to fig1 through 4 , an orthotic device 10 includes an upper member 12 and a lower member 14 , which are interconnected by a ratcheting joint 15 . each member 12 , 14 is preferably formed of aluminum or another structural material having density , strength and endurance comparable to those of aluminum . the upper member 12 includes two lugs 16 , 18 , spaced mutually along a lateral axis 20 , each lug having a hole 22 , 23 , in which screw threads are tapped . preferably , the screw threads in holes 22 , 23 are right - hand threads . the outer surface of each lug 16 , 18 is counterbored at the respective hole . a plastic thigh cuff 24 , whose front surface conforms to the contour of the back of the human thigh , is formed at its back surface with a longitudinal pocket 26 . the upper member 12 is inserted into pocket 26 and retained there by threaded attachments 28 , each attachment comprising a screw which passes through a slotted hole 30 in member 12 and a nut that engage the screw and contacts the outer surface of pocket 26 . tension springs 32 , 33 , each have an end secured to the upper member 12 by engaging a hole 34 , and the opposite end secured to the thigh cuff 24 at attachment element 35 , thereby permitting member 12 to move elastically along an longitudinal axis 36 relative to the thigh cuff 24 . multiple velcro straps 38 , 40 secure the thigh cuff 24 to the leg of the person wearing the brace 10 . a threaded hole 42 is tapped in the upper member 12 , and an elongated hole 44 is formed at a lower elevation than that of the threaded hole 42 . the lower edge 46 of the upper member 12 faces the lower member 14 . referring now to fig1 and 5 through 8 , the lower member 14 includes : a central lug 50 located between lugs 16 , 18 and formed with an unthreaded hole 52 , which is aligned with lateral axis 20 and threaded holes 22 , 23 ; a series of ratchet teeth 54 , spaced mutually about axis 20 ; a stop surface 55 ; and a slot 56 . two tapped holes 58 , 59 , directed toward axis 20 , are formed in lug 50 . a calf cuff 60 , whose front surface conforms to the contour of the calf of the human leg , is formed at its back surface with a longitudinal lower pocket 62 . the lower member 14 is inserted into pocket 62 and retained there by threaded attachments 64 , 65 , each attachment comprising a screw which passes through a slotted hole 66 in member 14 and a nut that engage the screw and contacts the outer surface of pocket 62 . tension springs 68 , 69 , each have one end secured to the lower member 14 by engaging a hole 67 , and the opposite end secured to the calf cuff 60 , permitting member 14 to move along longitudinal axis 36 relative to the calf cuff 60 . multiple velcro straps 70 , 72 secure calf cuff 60 to the patient &# 39 ; s leg . a hole 74 is drilled in the lower member 14 to lock the cuff in a shortened position if necessary . fig1 and 8 show that the ratcheting joint 15 for connecting the upper member 12 and lower member 14 includes an angle stop bracket 76 secured to the upper member 12 by a screw 78 engaged in threaded hole 42 , a ratchet 80 , and a spring - loaded ratchet lockout pin 82 for securing the ratchet to the upper member 12 . fig8 through 12 illustrate details of the ratchet 80 , which includes an upper plane 84 formed with an unthreaded hole 86 ; a lower plane 88 formed with an unthreaded hole 90 , aligned with hole 86 ; and a latch 92 for engaging alternately the ratchet teeth 54 , stop surface 55 , and slot 56 on the lower member 14 . a curved arm 94 , located at the lower end of the upper plane 84 , overlaps the ratchet teeth 54 to protect against an otherwise pinching - point . an adjustment arm 96 , located at the upper end of plane 84 , provides a surface with which to manually slide ratchet 80 along axis 36 away from the ratchet teeth 54 . the ratchet includes two laterally spaced holes 98 directed parallel to axis 36 and closed at their lower ends , each hole 98 containing a compression spring 100 . the leg of angle stop bracket 76 bears against one end of springs 100 , urging latch 92 toward lug 50 and the ratchet teeth 54 . the spring - loaded ratchet lockout pin 82 is biased outward from holes 86 and 90 by a spring 101 , fitted between the head of pin 82 and the outer surface of plane 84 . a portion of the shank of pin 82 extends through spring 101 and the aligned holes 86 , 90 in the ratchet 80 . the threaded shank of pin 82 engages a floating nut 103 , which is retained in a space between plane 84 and springs 100 such that the nut 103 cannot rotate when pin 82 is rotated . ratchet 80 can be moved manually upward along axis 36 against the force of springs 100 to a point where holes 86 and 90 in the ratchet become aligned with hole 44 in the upper member 12 . when the ratchet 80 is in that position , it can be more permanently retained there by rotating pin 82 relative to nut 103 , thereby driving and securing its shank against the force of spring 101 into elongated hole 44 . ratchet 80 is retained in that position due to contact between the shank of pin 82 and the surface of hole 44 . when ratchet 80 is in that position , the ratchet is locked out , i . e ., preventing engagement of latch 92 with the ratchet teeth 54 and slot 56 to allow free motion . the force of springs 100 continually biases ratchet 80 downward toward engagement with the ratchet teeth 54 . ratchet 80 can be returned to the ratcheting position from the lockout position by rotating pin 82 in the opposite direction sufficiently to disengage its shank from nut 103 , whereupon ratchet 80 is forced elastically to the ratcheting position by the force of springs 100 , i . e . step lock function . it is important to note that ratchet 80 can be placed temporarily in the lockout position by aligning holes 86 , 90 in the ratchet with hole 44 in the upper member 12 . then , without rotating the pin 82 relative to floating nut 103 , pin 82 and nut 103 are pushed against the force of spring 101 into hole 44 , where ratchet 80 is retained by a frictional reaction force between the shank of pin 82 and the surface of elongated hole 44 due to the force of springs 100 . in summary , therefore , with view of fig1 , the shank of ratchet lockout pin 82 is engaged with nut 103 and the holes 86 , 90 of ratchet 80 . the ratchet is moved upward along axis 36 in opposition to the force of springs 100 to the ratchet lock out position , where pin 82 enters the elongated hole 44 in the upper member 12 . in the ratchet lock out position , latch 92 is disengaged from ratchet teeth 54 and slot 56 on the lower member 14 . upon moving pin 82 out of hole 44 , ratchet 80 is forced downward by springs 100 such that latch 92 ratchets on or engages with the ratchet teeth 54 , or engages the stop surface 55 or enters the slot 56 on lug 50 of the lower member 14 . further , fig1 shows a set screw 102 threaded into hole 58 and engaged with the shank of a headless bolt 104 , whose right - hand screw threads are engaged with the threaded holes 22 , 23 in lugs 16 , 18 , respectively , of the upper member . bolt 104 passes through the unthreaded hole 52 in the lug 50 of the lower member 14 . a similar set screw 102 is threaded into hole 59 and engaged with bolt 104 . the set screws 102 prevent rotation of bolt 104 relative to lug 50 about axis 20 , so as to create axial rotation of bolt 104 along axis 20 in joint 15 by pivoting the lower member 14 relative to upper member 12 . focusing now on fig1 , 13 and 14 , a thrust bearing 108 and washers 110 , located on opposite sides of the thrust bearing , are fitted in the counterbore formed in the outer surface of lugs 16 , 18 to facilitate loosening and tightening lock nuts 112 , 114 on the threads of bolt 104 . as fig1 illustrates , the surfaces of the lugs 16 , 18 of the upper member 12 include a scale 120 of graduated angular positions or witness marks 122 . the scaled witness marks 122 correspond to the angular displacement of the joint 15 from a reference angular position , i . e ., the straight - out position of the leg , in which members 12 and 14 are aligned substantially parallel to axis 36 . latch 92 can engage the respective ratchet tooth 54 that corresponds to the selected angular position . in operation , the joint 15 is able to pivot about the lateral axis 20 and the brace 10 can provide multiple functions , as described below : 1 . to activate the ratchet 80 , the ratchet lockout pin 82 is turned counterclockwise relative to nut 103 several revolutions until the ratchet releases . the ratchet 80 can be locked again by retracting ratchet 80 and turning the ratchet lockout pin 82 several turns clockwise . to lock out the ratchet 80 on a temporary basis , such as when the person using the brace 10 is sitting down , ratchet 80 is retracted to the stop bracket 76 and the ratchet lockout pin 82 is pushed toward the back of the leg , which causes the shank of pin 82 to enter hole 44 where it is retained by the force of springs 100 in a friction hold position . pin 82 is held in , thereby releasing ratchet 80 . the ratchet 80 will lock automatically when the brace 10 returns to the straight position , i . e ., the drop lock function . the ratchet 80 can also be reengaged by applying slight upward pressure on the ratchet to release the friction hold position . 2 . when ratchet 80 is locked out on a temporary basis as described above , it will automatically release when slot 56 is contacted , slightly pushing latch 92 , causing the shank of pin 82 to briefly move away from the wall of hole 44 , whereby spring 101 forces upward the lock out pin 82 to disengage . then , in the released position , the ratchet will automatically lock when the leg reaches the straight position , i . e . full extension . once the ratchet is released from the temporary lockout position when the leg is contracted at the knee , the ratchet will lock and stop contracture every 10 ° to 20 °, i . e . the distance between successive ratchet teeth , until the leg reaches the straight position , whereupon the brace 10 will not allow contracture or extension due to engagement of latch 92 in slot 56 . preferably , the distance between successive ratchet teeth corresponds to about 15 °. 3 . the joint 15 can rotate freely ( i . e . free motion function ) or be set to a particular range of motion ( i . e . range of motion function ), with or without ratcheting ( which is described in more detail below ) upon loosening or tightening lock nuts 112 and 114 about bolt 104 . by adjusting the lock nuts 112 , 114 , the range of motion of brace 10 is changed about the lateral axis 20 . more specifically , as upper member 12 rotates about bolt 104 ( which is secured to lower member 14 by set screws 102 at center lug 50 ), lugs 16 , 18 move up and down axis 20 by their threadable engagement with bolt 104 at threaded holes 22 , 23 , respectively , until either lug 16 contacts lock nuts 112 or lug 18 contacts lock nut 114 . at that point , the range of motion stops . by adjusting lock nuts 112 and 114 along bolt 104 , the pivotal range of motion between lower member 14 and upper member 12 can be changed or locked to best accommodate the several stages of therapy . more specifically , with ratchet 80 locked out permanent or temporarily as described above , the brace 10 can be adjusted to provide a range of motion . with brace 10 in the straight position , both lock nuts 112 , 114 are tightened . the joint 15 is then locked and allows no rotary movement about axis 20 . if , for example , a flexion limit angle of 20 ° is desired , lock nut 112 is loosened , and the joint 15 can then be pivoted through an angle of approximately 20 °, in the direction that reduces the magnitude of the angle between the thigh and the calf . the desired flexion limit angle can be checked with reference to the witness marks 122 located near the lock nuts 112 , 114 on lugs 16 , 18 . lock nut 112 can be adjusted to precisely set the desired flexion limit angle . if a combination of flexion and extension is desired , the flexion limit angle is set first by adjusting lock nut 114 , as described above . then , the extension angular limit is set by tightening lock nut 112 . the desired extension limit angle can be checked with reference to the witness marks 122 located near the lock nuts 112 , 114 on lugs 16 , 18 . lock nut 112 can be adjusted to precisely set the desired extension limit angle . the brace 10 is returned to the free motion function upon loosening both lock nuts 112 , 114 about one - half turn . 4 . the brace 10 can also be adjusted to select a desired angular position without pivoting in either direction . to accomplish this , lock nuts 112 , 114 are loosened about one - half turn and , with ratchet 80 locked out permanent or temporarily as described above , joint 15 is pivoted about axis 20 to the desired angular position , and the lock nuts are retightened , thereby relocking joint 15 at the desired position ( i . e . variable , fixed position function ). finally , it is important to note that with this orthotic device being mounted to the posterior portion of an appendage , as the joint flexes , contraction of the muscles and skin occurs . therefore , with this knee orthotic , for example , the thigh cuff 24 and calf cuff 60 are positioned and firmly secured by velcro straps 38 , 40 and 70 , 72 , respectively , to the leg and back of the knee . in order to accommodate contraction and expansion of the muscles and skin that accompany flexion and extension of the knee joint , therefore , upper member 12 slides along axis 36 in upper pocket 26 and lower member 14 slides along the axis 36 in the longitudinal lower pocket 62 , while the positions of the thigh cuff 24 and calf cuff 60 relative to the leg remain unchanged . as a result , the location of joint 15 remains unchanged at the back of the knee due to the tendency of springs 32 , 33 , 68 , 69 to allow the thigh cuff 24 and calf cuff 60 to dynamically reposition relative to the joint 15 . it should be noted that the present invention can be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described , without departing from its spirit or scope . it is intended that all such modifications and alterations be included insofar as they are consistent with the objectives and spirit of the invention .
an orthotic device for a joint of a human body at which a body appendage pivots includes a first member able to extend along a posterior portion of the appendage on a first side of the joint and a second member able to extend along a posterior portion of the appendage on a second side of the joint opposite the first side . a connection joining the first member and the second member provides a series of defined positions spaced angularly about an axis at which positions the connection can be alternately locked and released , allows pivoting , selective ratcheting and positioning of the second member relative to the first member about the axis , and can restrict pivoting of the second member relative to the first member within a desired angular range of motion . notably , this orthotic device uniquely combines multiple joint functions into one convenient device which allows it to be used at different stages of therapy without being replaced or requiring additional equipment .