fig1 shows a part of a medical system according to one embodiment of the present invention . the medical system comprises a manipulator arrangement with two manipulators , of which only one end flange 30 or 40 , and a part of an arm 31 and 41 connected to said end flange via a pivot joint with a rotation angle q 1 or q n , is respectively indicated in fig1 . the medical system further comprises a medical instrument designed for minimally invasive use with an instrument shaft 20 , which is inserted into a patient through a body orifice 62 , and an end actuator 21 for clamping or the like , which can be moved in an actuated manner relative to the instrument shaft . the instrument shaft 20 is connected to the end flange 40 in a detachable manner and can thus be moved or guided by means of the manipulator arrangement . the medical system further comprises a recording means for generating images that is designed for minimally invasive use and has a shaft 10 , which is inserted into a patient through a body orifice 61 , and an end actuator 11 in the form of a micro camera , which is stationary in relation to the shaft and intracorporeally receives visible electromagnetic radiation that is further processed by the recording means to generate images 5 of the end actuator 21 and its operational surroundings . the shaft 10 is connected to the end flange 30 in a detachable manner and can thus be moved or guided by means of the manipulator arrangement . the medical system further comprises a control means 7 in the form of a computer . this control means implements a method according to one embodiment of the present invention , which will be explained in the following with reference to fig2 : first , in step s 10 , an intended transformation t s = t kw ( t 0 ) between a recording means fixed reference and an instrument fixed reference is determined . as indicated in fig1 , the recording means fixed reference example may , for example be a coordinate system k , which is stationary relative to the camera 11 . similarly , the recording means fixed reference may , for example , also be a coordinate system b , which is stationary relative to the image 5 generated by the camera . in an analogous manner , the instrument fixed reference may for example , as indicated in fig1 , be a coordinate system w , which is stationary relative to the end actuator 21 or the instrument shaft 20 . similarly , the instrument fixed reference may , for example , also be a coordinate system w ′, which is stationary relative to the depiction of the instrument in the image 5 generated by the camera . the transformation is suggested as an example in fig1 by the image t kw between the coordinate systems k and w or the image t w ′ b between the coordinate systems w ′ and b . it describes the relative position and orientation of the camera 11 and the instrument shaft 20 or end actuator 21 , or of the generated image 5 and the depiction of the instrument therein . in each case the transformation t kw is determined by means of forward kinematics on the basis of the measured joint angle q =( q 1 , . . . q n ) or an identified pose of the manipulator arrangement . the transformation t w ′ b can likewise always be determined on the basis of the measured joint angle q while taking into account a field of view of the camera 11 . similarly , the transformation t w ′ b , which conveys a relative position and / or orientation of the depiction of the end actuator 21 of the instrument in the image 5 generated by the recording means 11 , can also be determined by means of image recognition . the intended transformation is predetermined in step s 10 on the basis of a current transformation between the recording means fixed reference and the instrument fixed reference identified at time t 0 . as an example , this is indicated by t s = t kw ( t 0 ) in the embodiment of fig2 . a mathematical norm of a difference between the intended and a continuously identified current transformation t a ( q ( t )), which is expressed as “∥ . . . ∥” and determined from the joint angles q =( q 1 , . . . q n ) of the manipulator arrangement , is then periodically or continuously determined in step s 20 as a deviation δ between the intended transformation , and the respective current transformation between the recording means fixed reference and the instrument fixed reference . this is then monitored in step s 30 , to see whether this deviation δ exceeds a predetermined threshold value δ 0 , i . e . to see whether , in particular , a relative position and / or orientation between the recording means and the instrument has changed excessively . as soon as the deviation δ exceeds the predetermined threshold value δ 0 ( s 30 : “ y ”), which is indicated as an example in fig1 by a dotted line illustrating a deflected position of the medical instrument , a predetermined condition is satisfied , and in a step s 40 the control means 7 determines a reset movement d of the manipulator arrangement to return the current transformation to the intended transformation , which for illustration is indicated in fig1 with a dash - dotted line . in the exemplary embodiment , this condition is predetermined in such a way that it is satisfied if the depiction of the instrument in the image 5 generated by the recording means is outside a predetermined area of the image . in step s 40 , when the condition ( s 30 “ y ”) is satisfied , the reset movement d is determined on the basis of the deviation δ in such a way that this deviation decreases , preferably to zero , ( δ ( d )= 0 ), for example by solving a minimization problem “ d so that δ ( d )= minimum !” or something similar . the control means can subsequently implement this predetermined intended or reset movement by means of appropriate actuation of the joints of the manipulator arrangement ( not shown in fig2 ). in the embodiment , the reset movement can optionally be predetermined with a velocity dd / dt , which is at least twice or at most one half a velocity of a relative movement between the instrument and the recording means . in step s 40 , the reset movement of the manipulator arrangement to return the current transformation to the intended transformation is determined in such a way that a position and / or orientation of the end actuator 21 of the instrument does not change . the above - mentioned minimization problem is accordingly solved only by varying the joint angles of the manipulator 30 , 31 , which guides the camera 11 . even though exemplary embodiments have been outlined in the foregoing description , it should be noted that a variety of modifications are possible . in addition , it should be noted that the exemplary embodiments are merely examples that are by no means intended to limit the scope of protection , the applications and the structure in any way . rather , with the foregoing description , the skilled person is provided with a guide for implementation of at least one exemplary embodiment , whereby a variety of changes , in particular with respect to the function and arrangement of the described components may be made without departing from the scope of protection as it is emerges from the claims and the equivalent combinations of features . while the present invention has been illustrated by a description of various embodiments , and while these embodiments have been described in considerable detail , it is not intended to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail . the various features shown and described herein may be used alone or in any combination . additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art . the invention in its broader aspects is therefore not limited to the specific details , representative apparatus and method , and illustrative example shown and described . accordingly , departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit and scope of the general inventive concept .
a method for automatically predetermining an intended movement of a manipulator arrangement of a medical system having a medical instrument and a recording means for generating images , wherein the recording means and / or the instrument is guided by the manipulator arrangement . the method includes establishing an intended transformation between a reference stationary in relation to the recording means and a reference stationary in relation to the instrument ; monitoring a deviation between the intended transformation and a current transformation between the reference stationary in relation to the recording means and the reference stationary in relation to the instrument ; and determining a reset movement of the manipulator arrangement for returning the current transformation to the intended transformation when the deviation satisfies a predetermined condition .