turning to the figures and to fig1 a in particular , a top view of a part of a system for moving and aligning teeth . in specific , fig1 a depicts the components of the system adapted for straightening the lower teeth of a particular patient . two of the components are a lower left tray 102 a and a lower right tray 102 b . the component also comprises an upper left tray and upper right tray that are not depicted . each of the trays is especially formed to mate with a particular set of teeth ; i . e ., the lower left teeth of a patient , the upper right teeth of a patient , etc . in particular , the upper left tray ( not shown ) is designed to fit over the teeth in the upper left of a patient &# 39 ; s mouth , the upper right tray ( not shown ) is designed to fit over the teeth in the upper right of a patient &# 39 ; s mouth , the lower left tray 102 a is designed to fit over the teeth in the lower left of a patient &# 39 ; s mouth , and the lower right tray 102 b is designed to fit over the teeth in the lower right of a patient &# 39 ; s mouth . each of the trays can fit over the rear teeth of a quadrant of a patient &# 39 ; s jaw . generally , the rear teeth of a patient will require less correction than the front teeth of the patient ; i . e ., they will be in better alignment than the front teeth . the trays 102 a , 102 b can be formed of a polymeric plastic , or other materials that are safe for use in a patient &# 39 ; s mouth as are known in the art . the polymeric plastic can be clear or white in color for aesthetic purposes . fig1 a also depicts the top view of a set of caps 202 adapted to fit over the front teeth of a particular patient . as with the trays , the set of caps 204 is especially designed to fit over a particular patient &# 39 ; s teeth . each of the caps 203 a , b , c , d is joined with the others by an archwire 204 . a pair of most distal brackets 209 a and 209 b are disposed at the ends of the archwire 204 . the most distal brackets are placed to accept slack in the archwire , thereby protecting the patient from scratches and cuts as the archwire lengthens due to the patient &# 39 ; s teeth straightening . the most distal brackets 209 a and 209 b are disposed on the lower left tray 102 a and lower right tray 102 b respectively , thereby allowing the entire system to be snapped in and out by a patient as a single apparatus . in particular , the trays act as anchors to join the caps to the trays . however , this is not a required feature of the disclosed assembly , and the caps can function without the trays , and vice verse . fig1 b depicts a perspective view of the components of the disclosed teeth straightening assembly used to straighten and align a patient &# 39 ; s lower teeth . as with the top view , a set of trays 102 a , 102 b adapted to straighten a particular patients teeth are depicted . in addition , a set of caps 202 adapted to straighten a particular patients front teeth is depicted . each of the individual caps 203 a , b , c , d in the set of caps 202 is joined by an archwire 204 , at the ends of which are a pair of most distal brackets 209 a , 209 b . the most distal brackets 209 a , 209 b are disposed forward of the back of a patient &# 39 ; s mouth so that as the patient &# 39 ; s teeth straighten and additional slack in the archwire 204 is created , the slack will not reach a dangerous length unless not addressed for a very long time . this should greatly reduce or even eliminate emergency orthodontist trips by patients that use the disclosed assembly for moving teeth . each of the caps 203 a - d can be constructed of a polymeric plastic , or other material safe for use in a patient &# 39 ; s mouth , as known in the art . the polymeric plastic can be clear or white in color for aesthetic purposes . the interior of the caps is hollow , and is adapted to fit over a particular tooth . fig2 a depicts a front view of a complete set of caps 202 , 302 constructed in accordance with this disclosure , with each cap 203 a - d , 303 a - d incorporating an orthodontic bracket 212 a - d , 312 a - d on the front of each cap . as depicted each set of caps 202 , 302 is constructed to mate with the front four upper and lower teeth of a patient . it should be noted that the same design could also incorporate other teeth , such as the front six upper and lower teeth of a patient . in particular , the caps designed to fit over the patient &# 39 ; s lower teeth are denominated as 203 a - d and the caps designed to fit over the patient &# 39 ; s upper teeth are denominated as 303 a - d . as depicted , the brackets 212 a - d , 312 a - d illustrated in fig2 a are in an open position , allowing an archwire 204 , 304 to be inserted into the brackets 212 a - d , 312 a - d , removed from the brackets 212 a - d , 312 a - d , or to be adjusted as needed . it should be noted that individual caps will be only made for teeth that require movement ( in most cases they will be anterior or front teeth ) as well as the teeth that are mesial and distal to those that require straightening . the caps will then be supplied to the patient by her orthodontist , and applied to individual teeth by the patient . rear teeth that do not require substantial movement or straightening will utilize a tray as described above . fig2 b is the same as fig2 a , except that the brackets 212 a - d , 312 a - d are shown in a closed position . fig2 c illustrates an alternative embodiment of the set of caps 202 , 302 , wherein each cap 203 a - d , 303 a - d has a disposed on it . in particular , caps 303 a - d have corresponding tubes 356 a - d formed into the front of them , and caps 203 a - d have corresponding tubes 256 a - d formed into the front of them . each tube 256 a - d , 356 a - d can be formed of the same material as the caps 203 a - d , 303 a - d . alternatively , the tubes 256 a - d , 356 a - d can be metal that is bonded to the front of the caps 203 a - d , 303 a - d using any prior art method of bonding metal to plastic that is safe for use in a patient &# 39 ; s mouth . the metal comprising the tubes 256 a - d , 356 a - d can be white in color for aesthetic purposes . fig3 illustrates a single tooth cap 403 with a bracket 412 attached to it . the bracket 412 can be constructed in accordance with any prior art method , such as that disclosed in u . s . pat . no . 5 , 466 , 151 , which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety . as illustrated , the bracket 412 comprises a supportive base 410 having a posterior surface 411 which is bonded to the cap 403 using any prior art method of bonding a metal surface to a plastic surface that is safe for use within a patient &# 39 ; s mouth . a pair of lugs 434 project anteriorly from base 410 . each lug 434 includes opposed extensions 413 and 414 that project outwardly between transversely spaced side surfaces formed on the bracket 412 . the tying lugs each include an outer side surface 415 . the bracket 412 also includes an anterior surface 417 across the front of each tying lug 434 . the anterior surface 417 is illustrated as being planar , but can be curved as well . it is not interrupted by the opening of a transverse archwire slot formed distally from the anterior surface 417 . the archwire slot spans the full width of the bracket 412 . the archwire slot includes side slot surfaces 418 and an anterior slot surface 420 . the slot surfaces 418 and 420 are sized to accept an archwire ( not shown ). a closure complementary to the archwire slot is also provided on the bracket . it includes a movable cover 421 that slidably engages the anterior surface 417 . cover 421 has a width that spans the full width of the tying lugs 434 . its perpendicular width is greater than the corresponding width across the archwire slot at the anterior surface 417 of the bracket 412 . the disclosed assembly is intended to be used by orthodontists in treating their patients . the first step in using the assembly is to obtain a representation of the patient &# 39 ; s teeth . the representation can be obtained , for example , by using x - rays , three - dimensional x - rays , computer aided tomographic images , magnetic resonance images , or other means . however , the usual way of obtaining a representation of a patient &# 39 ; s teeth will be to take a plaster cast of the patient &# 39 ; s teeth using well known techniques . once the cast is taken , a digital representation can be made if desired . the digital representation can be used to create a set of trays to translate the patient &# 39 ; s back teeth , both lower and upper , from their initial position to the planned straightened position . as most persons will have relatively straight teeth , generally only one set of trays will be required to translate their back teeth into alignment . in addition , the digital representation can be used to create the initial sets of caps , and plan the length of the archwire used to join the caps and produce straightening force upon a patient &# 39 ; s front teeth . the disclosed assembly incorporates the advantages of braces ; i . e ., the use of an archwire to ( relatively ) quickly move out of position teeth into alignment , while allowing the patient to easily remove and deploy the assembly , much like the invisalign system and other systems based on the invisalign system . the easy removal and deployment of the system allows the patient to use standard hygiene . the foregoing description of the disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description , and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise form disclosed . the description was selected to best explain the principles of the present teachings and practical application of these principles to enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the disclosure in various embodiments and various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated . it is intended that the scope of the disclosure not be limited by the specification , but be defined by the claims set forth below . in addition , although narrow claims may be presented below , it should be recognized that the scope of this invention is much broader than presented by the claim ( s ). it is intended that broader claims will be submitted in one or more applications that claim the benefit of priority from this application . insofar as the description above and the accompanying drawings disclose additional subject matter that is not within the scope of the claim or claims below , the additional inventions are not dedicated to the public and the right to file one or more applications to claim such additional inventions is reserved .
a system and assembly for moving and aligning teeth is disclosed . the system comprises multiple plastic trays and caps that are formed to provide required mobility to a patient &# 39 ; s back teeth . these molds are adapted to be placed over and apply a modest force on any out of alignment back teeth . the molds are adapted to be replaced on a regular basis , such as once every thirty days , or as needed . the system further comprises two sets of plastic caps adapted to be disposed over the patient &# 39 ; s front teeth . each set of caps is joined by a nitonol wire that is disposed to join all of the caps . the nitonol wire is coupled to the caps by , for example , brackets that are disposed on the caps . the nitonol wire is adapted to provide a modest force on the teeth that have individual caps , thereby straightening and aligning them .