referring to fig1 - 3 , there is shown an orthodontic device or appliance 10 of the split palate type in accordance with the present invention . device 10 includes a plate body 12 , preferably of plastic material , such as acrylic . the plate body is preferably in two halves 12 a , 12 b , but it can be in one piece or in several pieces of unequal size . plate body 12 has an overlay 14 extending from it to a position that would cover the top of a tooth . while it is shown with one such overlay 14 on the left side in fig1 , it should be understood that the overlay may be on the right side and / or the left side . the location of the overlay is based on a clinical determination by the dental health care provider as to which functional matrices should be activated more to achieve the desired result in an optimal way or how much stress should be applied . typically more stress is applied to the functional matrices on the side where the overlay is located . as a result the overlay should be on the side where the facial and jawbones did not fully develop during childhood . additionally , multiple overlays including more than one on each side of the device may be used . a first clasp 16 and a second clasp 18 are connected to the plate , preferably by being embedded in the plastic material of plate body 12 . each clasp 16 , 18 includes an archway 20 , 22 for selectively permitting device 10 to be fitted about a tooth , preferably one of the posterior teeth , to hold the device or appliance in place . when fitted or connected , overlay 14 may be positioned to extend over one of the archways ( archway 20 is shown in the fig1 , but overlay 14 could additionally or alternatively extend over archway 22 ) so as to be in contact with the tooth . overlay 14 is preferably placed on top of the tooth adjacent to the archway 20 or 22 of the respective clasp 18 , 20 , thereby preventing the jaw from fully closing . the halves 12 a , 12 b of plate body 12 may be connected by an expansion jack screw 24 . while the screw 24 may be manually adjustable to control the separation of the plate halves , a small electrical micro - motor 25 may incorporate the screw 24 and be used to adjust the separation . a hawley frame 26 , in the form of a labial bow arch wire , is also connected to the plate body 12 , preferably by being embedded in the plastic material of the plate body 12 . hawley frame 26 wraps around the front of the teeth , acts as a lip bumper , prevents unwanted proclination of teeth , and additionally acts to keep the device 10 in place . a plurality of flap springs 28 , which are known in the art as fisher flap springs , are connected to the plate body , preferably by being embedded in the plastic material of the plate body 12 . each flap spring is t - shaped , i - shaped or l - shaped including a tag portion 30 and a tooth supporting portion 32 . some of the tooth supporting portions 32 extend for a distance equal to at least the width of two teeth ( see fig2 and 3 ). as is common , the tooth support portion 32 rests against the inside of the teeth and applies gentle pressure at that location . typically , the amount of pressure can be adjusted by manual bending of the tag portions 30 . as an alternative , small electrical motors 35 can be located between the body plate 12 and one or more of the flap springs 28 . these small electrical motors 35 adjust the separation of the two plate halves automatically without having to manually turn the expansion screw , and may additionally adjust the pressure that the flap springs apply to the teeth without having to manually bend the springs . in addition , sensors 37 can be located at the ends of the flap springs where they meet the teeth in order to measure the pressure applied to each tooth or group of teeth by the flap spring . the sensor 37 can be located in other positions , but in such a case it would not provide a direct measurement of the pressure and some calculation would be necessary to arrive at the actual pressure . in an alternate embodiment , one or more sensors 37 may be a global positioning device used to monitor changes in tooth position . during use of the device , as the jaw expands and other bones develop , it will be necessary to adjust the separation of the body plates 12 a , 12 b , as well as the force of the flap springs , in order to continue the development of the bones . adjustment of the separation of the body plates 12 a , 12 b can be accomplished by the patient turning the jack screw e . g ., once a week . adjustment of the force of the flap springs can be accomplished during periodic ( e . g ., once every three to four weeks ) visits to the dental health care provider . such adjustments can be manual or , where the motors 25 , 35 are present , they can be made by applying an electric current to the motors . in part , these adjustments by the dental health care provider can be assisted by the provider reading the output of sensors 37 , one or more of which may be a global positioning device . a microprocessor 40 can be provided on or embedded within the body plate 12 . in order to power the microprocessor , a battery 42 would also be provided . the microprocessor may be supplied via conducting wires with information from the sensors 37 and its output can drive the micro - motors 25 , 35 , via other conducting wires at least partially embedded in the plastic body 12 , in order to automatically keep the pressure on the teeth at a preset level . in this way patient errors such as missed , over - zealous or reversed screw - turns are eliminated , and the visits to the dental health care provider are reduced to an optimized level . further , the dental heath care provider can create a force profile that will lead to a good outcome for the patient . for example , the force vectors need to be intermittent , long - acting , low - level , and consistent so as not to over do the application of force and produce an inferior result . this profile may be in the form of data or digital codes stored in a memory that is part of the microprocessor . thus the microprocessor would control the motors based on the profile data and the readings from the sensors . by definition , the plate body 12 does not include the clasps 16 , 18 , the hawley frame 26 and the flap springs 28 . the body 12 of device 10 , except for the overlay 14 , is spaced from the patient &# 39 ; s tissues , including the palate and mandibular lingual areas . therefore , the only portion of the plate body 12 that touches the patient &# 39 ; s tissue is the overlay 14 , which contacts the biting ( occlusal ) surface of at least one of the patient &# 39 ; s teeth in the space where that tooth would normally contact an opposing tooth from the opposite set of teeth , i . e ., upper or lower jaw . overlay 14 is sufficiently thick to prevent the jaws from fully closing . the thickness of the overlay where it contacts the tooth preferably ranges from approximately 0 . 5 mm to approximately 6 . 0 mm . more preferably , the overlay has a thickness ranging from approximately 1 . 0 mm to approximately 5 . 0 mm . most preferably , the thickness of the overlay ranges from approximately 2 . 0 mm to approximately 4 . 0 mm , with about 2 . 0 mm being preferred . the plate body 12 itself has a thickness that varies and ranges from about 2 . 0 mm to about 6 . 0 mm . to change the form of the jaw and facial bones with device 10 , the device is placed within the mouth of a patient so that overlay 14 contacts at least one tooth and the remainder of the plate body 12 is spaced from the patient &# 39 ; s tissue , including the palate . overlay 14 prevents the patient &# 39 ; s jaws from fully closing . this contact of the teeth with the overlay causes intermittent force to be applied to the body plate 12 and through it to the flap springs 28 to the teeth . it further causes the patient &# 39 ; s jaw and facial muscles to stimulate the genes of facial and alveolar bones during function , essentially each time the patient swallows , which is estimated to be about 2 , 000 to 3 , 000 times per day . this frequent , intermittent signaling of the facial and alveolar bones is believed to cause development of the facial and jaw bones where jaw development did not fully occur during childhood . this bone development may include a descent of the palate ( i . e ., remodeling of the vault of the palate downwardly toward the lower jaw ), and / or slight supra - eruption on the contra - lateral side to the unilateral bite block , if necessary , allied with bony remodeling of the midface upwards and outwards , according to the patient &# 39 ; s genome . assuming fig2 shows the device of the present invention when initially used with a patient at the beginning of treatment , fig4 is the same view of the device 10 after partial treatment . it should be noted that the teeth have been relocated outwardly in fig4 compared to that in fig2 . in effect , the jawbone has been expanded to accommodate the new position of the teeth , without any spacing occurring between the teeth , unlike other devices used for maxillary expansion in children . fig5 is a view of the teeth of a patient at the beginning of treatment showing the placement of the device and a diagram of the alignment of the patient &# 39 ; s teeth . notice that tooth x is out of alignment and there is not enough room between adjacent teeth for it to be properly aligned . fig6 is similar to fig5 , but at a time after partial treatment of the patient . notice that tooth x is now better aligned because more room has been provided between the adjacent teeth because of the effect of the device 10 . marked on the illustration of fig5 is a diagram of the alignment of the teeth . using specific landmarks , reference lines ( finite - elements ) are drawn from location “ 0 ” on body plate half 12 b and from location 15 on body plate half 12 a to the teeth . the finite - elements are drawn to locations ( landmarks ) on the teeth , which are toward their front surfaces at about the mid points with regard to locations 1 , 2 , and 3 on body plate half 12 b , as well as to locations 12 , 13 and 14 on body plate half 12 a . these represent teeth that are already in alignment . as regards the teeth to be aligned , similar finite - elements are drawn to the edges of each tooth , e . g ., to locations 4 , 5 for one tooth and 6 , 7 for the other tooth from body plate 12 b . similarly , lines are drawn to locations 8 , 9 and 10 , 11 for the teeth contacted by the flap springs from plate body half 12 a . thus , specific landmarks are used to identify regions of the teeth and the device . by subjecting these specific landmarks to finite - element analysis , localization and quantification of changes in shape , size and direction of the spatial arrangements of the teeth and the device are computed , using a method developed by singh et alia ( morphometry of the cranial base in subjects with class iii malocclusion . journal of dental research , 76 ( 2 ): 694 - 703 , 1997 ). fig7 shows the same patient about six ( 6 ) months later after wearing the device , essentially while sleeping approximately eight hours per night and for four waking hours per day . notice that tooth x is nearly aligned . finally , in fig8 the arrangement of the teeth is shown at the end of treatment with tooth x properly aligned with the rest of the teeth . throughout the process shown in fig6 - 8 , the patient &# 39 ; s jawbone has expanded in size , probably due to bone remodeling in the palatal region , and the teeth have been moved into new and properly aligned positions . fig9 - 13 are diagrams of the teeth as marked in fig5 - 8 showing the progression of alignment of the teeth due to the device . these diagrams can be plotted in a graphics program such as morphostudio ™, e . g ., version 2 . 0 or higher . this set of diagrams particularly shows the movement of tooth x . as this response is typical of use of the invention , the diagrams of fig9 - 13 can be used to create a force profile , which would indicate the preferable force to be applied along each segment of the diagram at particular points in time in order to produce an acceptable result in the shortest period of time . when a microprocessor controlled device is used , this profile can be incorporated into the program of the microprocessor to apply force over time to the teeth in this manner . fig1 is an illustration of a patient &# 39 ; s face at the beginning of treatment showing a diagram of the alignment of the eyes . line 50 shows the alignment of the patient &# 39 ; s eye on the left side of the illustration and line 52 shows the alignment of the patient &# 39 ; s eye on the right side . the angle between the eyes is labeled 54 . as can be seen , this angle 54 is noticeably less than 180 degrees , which would indicate perfect symmetry . fig1 is a computer generated diagram of the lines 50 , 52 , which shows their relationship in more detail because the facial features are not present . fig1 is an illustration of the face of the same patient shown in fig1 after full treatment with the device according to the invention . as can be seen , the angle 54 is now almost 180 degrees , which indicates the alignment of the eyes and the symmetrical nature of the face . fig1 , which is a computer generated diagram of lines 50 , 52 shows the alignment in more detail . fig1 and 19 are , respectively , reproductions of photographs of an individual &# 39 ; s face 60 , 61 before and after treatment with a device according to the present invention . in fig1 , before treatment , the individual &# 39 ; s lips 62 , 64 were thin and asymmetrical . the upper lip 62 was particularly thin . in fig1 , following treatment with a device of the present invention , the upper lip 63 and lower lip 65 are fuller and appear more symmetrical . referring now to fig2 and 21 , reproductions of photographs of an individual &# 39 ; s face 70 , 71 are shown before ( fig2 ) and after ( fig2 ) treatment with a device of the present invention . before treatment , aging lines 72 , sagging pouches 74 , and wrinkles 76 are prominent . after treatment , the degree and prominence of aging lines 73 , sagging pouches 75 , and wrinkles 77 are reduced , attributable to facial development , resulting in an increase in facial volume as described above . fig2 and 23 are side view x - ray images of an individual &# 39 ; s head and neck 80 , 81 before ( fig2 ) and after ( fig2 ) treatment with a device of the present invention . before treatment , the individual &# 39 ; s airway 82 behind the jaw 84 is noticeably restricted and narrow . after treatment , the airway 83 behind the jaw 85 is opened and is much wider . such improvements in an individual &# 39 ; s airway may lead to , inter alia , reduced snoring , reduced sleep apnea , a better vocal quality , particularly vocal resonance , and increased longevity due to decreased oxidative stress . in each of fig5 - 23 , it can be seen that the use of device 10 caused a remodeling or reshaping of the bones and muscles of the face and jaw , thereby creating better facial symmetry . this remodeling may result , inter alia , in leveling of the eyes , higher cheekbones , stronger jaw appearance , and a wider smile , facial features that society usually equates with a pretty or handsome face . in addition , due to the functional nature of the appliance , improvements in the airway of the patient can be expected , as well as other more subtle improvements , such as improvement in lip shape , reduction of the dark shadows under the eyes , sinus decongestion , voice enhancement , decreased jaw - joint pain , decreased headaches , etc . these enhancements were brought about by the application of intermittent force to the tissues of the face . during function , e . g ., as the patient swallows while wearing the device , either while asleep or awake , the teeth come into contact with the overlay 14 , which opens the bite , applies gentle forces to the face muscles , and signals the genes of the bones of the jaw through the device . these intermittent , cyclic , repetitive signals cause imperceptible deformations of the bones of the jaw and face , especially at bony joints called sutures . while not wishing to be held to any theory of operation , it is believed that the symmetrical nature of the result of the reformation of the jaw and facial bones is not due entirely to the application of force to specific areas of bone , but to the genetic code of the patient as predicted by the functional matrix hypothesis of moss , and subsequent research which suggests that dormant genes can be evoked , expressed or re - expressed , or active genes can be switched off or otherwise modulated in non - growing adults . referring to fig2 , a block diagram is shown comprising a computer system 110 for controlling and / or monitoring a device 130 of the present invention . in general , computer system 110 may comprise , e . g ., a desktop , a laptop , a workstation , etc . moreover , computer system 110 could be implemented as part of a client and / or a server . computer system 110 generally includes a processor 112 , input / output ( i / o ) 114 , memory 116 , and bus 117 . the processor 112 may comprise a single processing unit , or be distributed across one or more processing units in one or more locations , e . g ., on a client and server . memory 116 may comprise any known type of data storage and / or transmission media , including magnetic media , optical media , random access memory ( ram ), read - only memory ( rom ), a data cache , a data object , etc . moreover , memory 116 may reside at a single physical location , comprising one or more types of data storage , or be distributed across a plurality of physical systems in various forms . i / o 114 may comprise any system for exchanging information to / from an external resource . external devices / resources may comprise any known type of external device , including a monitor / display , speakers , storage , another computer system , a hand - held device , keyboard , mouse , voice recognition system , speech output system , printer , facsimile , pager , etc . bus 117 provides a communication link between each of the components in the computer system 110 and likewise may comprise any known type of transmission link , including electrical , optical , wireless , etc . although not shown , additional components , such as cache memory , communication systems , system software , etc ., may be incorporated into computer system 110 . access to computer system 110 may be provided over a network 128 such as the internet , a local area network ( lan ), a wide area network ( wan ), a virtual private network ( vpn ), etc . communication could occur via a direct hardwired connection ( e . g ., serial port ), or via an addressable connection that may utilize any combination of wireline and / or wireless transmission methods . moreover , conventional network connectivity , such as token ring , ethernet , wifi or other conventional communications standards could be used . still yet , connectivity could be provided by conventional tcp / ip sockets - based protocol . in this instance , an internet service provider could be used to establish interconnectivity . further , as indicated above , communication could occur in a client - server or server - server environment . computer system 110 may receive data from a sensor 136 of device 130 . as described above , data from sensor 136 may include information regarding a pressure exerted on a flap spring 28 , a distance between portions of the plate body 12 , a position of one or more device components , etc . such data may be provided from device communication system 138 to communication system 124 on computer system 110 . sensory system 122 receives the sensor data and may determine whether a position of one or more device components should be adjusted . if such adjustment is desired , positioning system 120 may return data to device 130 through communication system 124 and device communication system 138 , whereby positioner 134 repositions a device component such as a flap spring 28 or a portion of plate body 12 , as described above . device communication system 138 may include , for example , a microprocessor or the like . a user 102 may interface with any function of device control system 118 , including positioning system 120 , sensory system 122 , and communication system 124 . such interface may include , for example , the inputting of predetermined parameters for the functioning of device control system 118 . in addition , a database 126 may be included for storing data collected by computer system 110 and / or data provided to device 130 . such data may be that collected from or provided to one or more devices of the present invention . it should be appreciated that the teachings of the present invention could be offered as a business method on a subscription or fee basis . for example , a computer system 110 comprising a device controlling system could be created , maintained and / or deployed by a service provider that offers the functions described herein for customers . that is , a service provider could offer to provide device monitoring and / or adjustment as described above . it is understood that the systems , functions , mechanisms , methods , engines and modules described herein can be implemented in hardware , software , or a combination of hardware and software . they may be implemented by any type of computer system or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein . a typical combination of hardware and software could be a general - purpose computer system with a computer program that , when loaded and executed , controls the computer system such that it carries out the methods described herein . alternatively , a specific use computer , containing specialized hardware for carrying out one or more of the functional tasks of the invention could be utilized . in a further embodiment , part of all of the invention could be implemented in a distributed manner , e . g ., over a network such as the internet . the present invention can also be embedded in a computer program product , which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the methods and functions described herein , and which — when loaded in a computer system — is able to carry out these methods and functions . terms such as computer program , software program , program , program product , software , etc ., in the present context mean any expression , in any language , code or notation , of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following : ( a ) conversion to another language , code or notation ; and / or ( b ) reproduction in a different material form . having described the presently preferred exemplary embodiment of an orthopedic and orthodontic device in accordance with the present invention , it is believed that other modifications , variations and changes will be suggested to those skilled in the art in view of the teachings set forth herein . it is , therefore , to be understood that all such modifications , variations , and changes are believed to fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims .
a method and apparatus are provided for changing the form of the jaw and facial bones of an adult patient that did not develop fully during childhood . the method utilizes a device having a plate body with an expansion screw that fits within the mouth of the patient ; flap springs that project from the plate body , and an overlay extending from the plate body . the device is placed within the mouth of the patient so that the overlay is in a position between at least two opposing teeth . in this position , opposing teeth contact the overlay during function . this intermittent , unilateral application of force to the facial bones causes these bones to further develop , positioning out of place teeth into more proper positions , and inducing a more symmetrical and enhanced appearance of the face , as well as increasing the airway space behind the jaws . concomitantly , the flap springs gently press against selected teeth that are out of alignment in order to guide those teeth into place . simultaneously , the expansion device maintains these forces on the teeth , while assisting the jawbones to expand to accept the teeth in their proper position . the expansion device can be adjusted by small motors under the control of a microprocessor located on the body plate based on readings from sensors on the flap springs . the expansion device can be adjusted by remote signaling , using a global position satellite technology and global position coordinates .