fig1 shows a schematic diagram of an example configuration for a respiratory therapy system 100 , in the illustrated configuration , the respiratory therapy system 100 may comprise a flow generator 101 . the flow generator 101 may comprise a gases inlet 102 and a gases outlet 104 . the flow generator 101 may comprise a blower 106 . the blower 106 may comprise a motor . the motor may comprise a stator and a rotor . the rotor may comprise a shaft . an impeller may be linked to the shaft . in use , the impeller may rotate concurrently with the shaft to draw gases into the flow generator 101 through the gases inlet 102 . as illustrated in fig1 , gases can be drawn into the flow generator 101 from the surrounding atmosphere , also known as room or ambient air . the flow generator 101 may comprise a user interface 108 that comprises one or more buttons , knobs , dials , switches , levers , touch screens , speakers , displays , and / or other input or output modules that may enable a user to operate the flow generator 101 and / or other components or aspects of the respiratory therapy system 100 . the flow generator 101 may deliver gases through the gases outlet 104 to a first conduit 110 . the first conduit 110 may deliver the gases to a humidification apparatus 112 that may be used to heat and / or humidify the gases . the humidification apparatus 112 may comprise a humidifier inlet 116 and a humidifier outlet 118 . the humidification apparatus 112 can be configured to hold water or another humidifying liquid ( hereinafter referred to as water ). the humidification apparatus 112 may also comprise a heater that may be used to heat the water held in the humidification apparatus 112 to add vapor to , and / or to increase the temperature of , gases flowing through the humidification apparatus 112 from the humidifier inlet 116 to the humidifier outlet 118 . the heater may comprise , for example , a resistive metallic heating plate . the humidification apparatus 112 may comprise a user interface 120 that comprises one or more buttons , knobs , dials , switches , levers , touch screens , speakers , displays and / or other input or output modules that may enable a user to operate the humidification apparatus 112 and / or other components or aspects of the respiratory therapy system 100 . other configurations of the humidification apparatus 112 are possible and are intended to be included in the scope of this disclosure . gases may flow from the humidifier outlet 118 to a second conduit 122 . the second conduit 122 may comprise a conduit heater . the conduit heater may be used to add heat to gases flowing through the second conduit 122 , which may reduce or eliminate the likelihood of condensation of vapor held in humidified gases . the conduit heater may comprise one or more resistive wires located in , on , around , or near a wall of the second conduit 122 or in a gases flow path within the second conduit 122 . gases may flow from the second conduit 122 to a patient interface 124 that can pneumatically link the respiratory therapy system 100 to an airway of a patient . the patient interface 124 may be a sealing or non - sealing interface and may comprise a nasal mask , an oral mask , an oronasal mask , a full face mask , a nasal pillows mask , a nasal cannula , an endotracheal tube , a combination of the above , or some other gas conveying system or apparatus . in the illustrated configuration , and as implied above , the respiratory therapy system 100 may operate as follows . gases may be drawn into the flow generator 101 through the gases inlet 102 due to the rotation of an impeller of the motor of the blower 106 . the gases may be propelled out of the gases outlet 104 and along the first conduit 110 . the gases may enter the humidification apparatus 112 through the humidifier inlet 116 . once in the humidification apparatus 112 , the gases may entrain moisture , or become more humidified , when flowing over or near water in the humidification apparatus 112 . the water may be heated by the heater of the humidification apparatus 112 , which may aid in the humidification and / or heating of the gases flowing through the humidification apparatus 112 . the gases may leave the humidification apparatus 112 through the humidifier outlet 118 to the second conduit 122 . gases may flow from the second conduit 122 to the patient interface 124 and into an airway of a patient . to summarize , in use , gases may flow along a gases flow path extending from the gases inlet 102 of the flow generator 101 to the patient interface 124 . “ gases flow path ” as used herein may refer to this entire gases flow path or a portion of such . the illustrated configuration is not be taken to be limiting . many other configurations for the respiratory therapy system 100 are possible . in some configurations , the flow generator 101 may , for example , comprise a source or container of compressed gases ( for example , air or oxygen ). a container of compressed gases may comprise a valve that may be adjusted to control a flow of gases leaving the container . in some configurations , the flow generator 101 may use such a source of compressed gases and / or another gases source in lieu of the blower 106 . in some configurations , the blower 106 may be used in conjunction with another gases source . in some configurations , the blower 106 may comprise a motorized blower or may comprise a bellows or some other apparatus configured to generate a flow of gases . in some configurations , the flow generator 101 may draw in atmospheric gases through the gases inlet 102 . in some configurations , the flow generator 101 may be adapted both to draw in atmospheric gases through the gases inlet 102 and to take in other gases ( for example , oxygen , nitric oxide , or carbon dioxide ) through the same gases inlet 102 or a different gases inlet . in some configurations , the flow generator 101 and the humidification apparatus 112 may be integrated or may share a housing 126 . in some configurations , the flow generator 101 and the humidification apparatus 112 may be separate of each other and connected with a conduit , a duct or any other suitable manner of transmitting a gas flow from the flow generator 101 to the humidification apparatus 112 or from the humidification apparatus 112 to the flow generator 101 . in some configurations , the respiratory therapy system 100 may comprise a user interface located on the flow generator 101 , the humidification apparatus 112 , the first conduit 110 , the second conduit 122 , the patient interface 124 , or another component of the respiratory therapy system 100 . in some configurations , the operation of components or aspects of the respiratory therapy system 100 may be controlled wirelessly through a user interface located on a remote computing device such as a tablet , a mobile phone , a personal digital assistant , or another computing device . in some configurations , the operation of the flow generator 101 , the humidification apparatus 112 , or other components or aspects of the respiratory therapy system 100 may be controlled by a controller . the controller may comprise a microprocessor . the controller may be located in or on the flow generator 101 , the humidification apparatus 112 , or another component of the respiratory therapy system 100 or on a remote computing device . in some configurations , the operation of the flow generator 101 , the humidification apparatus 112 , or other components or aspects of the respiratory therapy system 100 may be controlled by multiple controllers . in some configurations , the respiratory therapy system 100 may comprise one or more sensors configured to detect various characteristics of gases in the respiratory therapy system 100 , including pressure , flow rate , temperature , absolute humidity , relative humidity , enthalpy , oxygen concentration , and / or carbon dioxide concentration ; one or more sensors configured to detect various medical characteristics of the patient , including heart rate , eeg signal , ekg / ecg signal , blood oxygen concentration , blood co 2 concentration , and / or blood glucose ; and / or one or more sensors configured to detect various characteristics of gases or other substances outside the respiratory therapy system 100 , including ambient temperature and / or ambient humidity . one or more of the sensors may be used to aid in the control of components of the respiratory therapy system 100 , including the humidification apparatus 112 , through the use of a closed or open loop control system ( for example , through the use of the controller mentioned above ). in some configurations , there may be no user interface or a minimal user interface for components of the respiratory therapy system 100 . in some such configurations , the respiratory therapy system 100 may utilize a sensor to detect that a patient is attempting to use the respiratory therapy system 100 and to automatically operate ( for example , the flow generator 101 may generate a gases flow , and / or the humidification apparatus 112 may humidify gases , as previously described ) according to one or more predetermined control parameters . in some configurations , the respiratory therapy system 100 may comprise a single limb circuit that comprises an inspiratory gases passageway . in some configurations , the respiratory therapy system 100 may comprise a dual limb system that comprises inspiratory and expiratory gases passageways . the respiratory therapy system 100 may be used for other medical applications not involving providing gases to an airway of a patient . for example , the respiratory therapy system 100 could be used to provide insufflation gases for laparoscopic surgery . this application may be practiced by replacing the patient interface 124 with a surgical cannula that may be inserted into an abdominal cavity of a patient through an opening created , for example , using a trocar . additionally , certain features , aspects , and advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure may be utilized for other applications involving the humidification of gases , including room humidifiers . fig2 shows a humidification chamber 114 that may comprise a part of the humidification apparatus 112 . the humidification chamber 114 may comprise the humidifier inlet 116 , the humidifier outlet 118 , and a reservoir 128 . as implied in the above description , gases flowing through the humidification apparatus 112 may flow through the humidifier inlet 116 and into the reservoir 128 that may contain a liquid 130 such as water . humidified gases may flow from the reservoir 128 through the humidifier outlet 118 . in the illustrated configuration , the humidifier inlet 116 extends in a linear manner while the humidifier outlet 118 extends in a nonlinear manner . the humidifier inlet 116 extends vertically . the humidifier outlet 118 extends vertically and then horizontally . the humidification chamber 114 may comprise a base plate 132 that at least partially defines the reservoir 128 . the base plate 132 may comprise a flange 133 . the flange 133 may help to secure the humidification chamber 114 to a housing ( not shown ) of the humidification apparatus 112 having a complementary recess adapted to accept the flange 131 a heater ( not shown ) of the humidification apparatus 112 may be positioned under the base plate 132 to heat the water 130 in the reservoir 128 , which may vaporize the water 130 to humidify the flow of gases , as well as increase the gases temperature . other locations for a heater are possible , such as , for example , on or near the external or internal walls of the humidification chamber 114 or within the reservoir 128 . sensors ( not shown ) may be positioned in apertures 134 a , 134 b , 134 c located along the gases flow path extending between the humidifier inlet 116 and the humidifier outlet 118 . the sensors may comprise , for example , flow sensors , temperature sensors , and / or humidity sensors that are configured to measure characteristics of gases flowing through the humidification chamber 114 before and / or after flowing through the reservoir 128 . in the illustrated configuration , the humidifier inlet 116 has two apertures 134 a , 134 b while the humidifier outlet 118 has one aperture 134 c . in some configurations , the humidifier inlet 116 has one aperture while the humidifier outlet 118 has two apertures . in some configurations , a sensor configured to be positioned in one of the apertures 134 a , 134 b , 134 c can be a thermistor adapted to sense the temperature of gases passing within the flow path into which the thermistor extends . in some configurations , a pair of sensors configured to be positioned in any two of the apertures 134 a , 134 b , 134 c can be a pair of thermistors where one or both of the thermistors is adapted to sense the temperature of gases passing within the flow path into which the thermistor ( s ) extend . in some configurations , a pair of sensors configured to be positioned in any two of the apertures 134 a , 134 b , 134 c can be a pair of thermistors where one of the pair of thermistors is adapted to act as a reference and the pair of thermistors is adapted to sense the flow rate of gases passing within the flow path into which the pair of thermistors extend . fig3 shows a top - down view of an embodiment of the humidification chamber 114 similar to that shown in fig2 this embodiment of the humidification chamber 114 may similarly comprise the humidifier inlet 116 and the humidifier outlet 118 . the humidification chamber 114 may also comprise a conduit connector 115 adapted to connect the first conduit 110 to the humidifier inlet 116 . the conduit connector 115 may be configured to swivel , pivot , or otherwise move to allow the first conduit 110 to be oriented in a plurality of positions with respect to the humidification chamber 114 . for example , as illustrated by the dotted lines representing the first conduit 110 in fig3 , the conduit connector 115 may be permitted to swivel around the humidifier inlet 116 to accommodate the position or orientation of the first conduit 110 with respect to the humidification chamber 114 . however , although it is advantageous to allow flexibility in the position of the first conduit 110 , as previously described , a bend in the first conduit 110 can adversely affect the accuracy of a sensor positioned downstream of the first conduit 110 by changing the velocity of the flow along a given cross - section or profile of the gases passageway of the first conduit 110 . a bend , for example , may encompass a deviation in the angle of a conduit from greater than 0 ° to 180 °, or from 30 ° to 150 °, or from 60 ° to 120 °. it may be advantageous to mix gases flowing through or from the first conduit 110 to counteract sensor inaccuracies caused by a bend in the first conduit 110 . fig4 a and 4b illustrates a configuration for the conduit connector 115 that may improve flow mixing . the conduit connector 115 may be configured to induce a tangential or swirling motion to the flow — in other words , it may act as a flow mixer . as illustrated , the conduit connector 115 may comprise a connector inlet 140 adapted to receive gases from , for example , the first conduit 110 . the connector inlet 140 may direct the received gases through a channel 141 leading to a gases compartment 146 that comprises a base 142 . a cap 144 may be positioned within the gases compartment 146 . a cavity may be present between the cap 144 and the gases compartment 146 to allow for the flow of gases through the conduit connector 115 . the cap 144 may comprise an open end 149 configured to be placed over the inlet of a gases passageway , for example the humidifier inlet 116 . in some configurations , the cap 144 may be configured to be placed into the humidifier inlet 116 instead of or in addition to being placed over the humidifier inlet 116 . the cap 144 may be integrally formed or be in the form of a single continuous piece with the base 142 . the cap 144 may comprise a sidewall 145 and a top 147 . the top 147 may comprise apertures 148 . the edges of the apertures 148 may be beveled or angled so as to direct gases flowing through the apertures axially and / or tangentially through the top 147 . in some configurations , the beveled edges or other sections of the top 147 may comprise vanes that protrude down into the cap 144 , the vanes extending axially and / or spirally to promote further gases mixing . in some configurations , the apertures 148 may comprise one aperture , a pair of apertures , or more than two apertures . in some configurations , the top 147 may not be present and the cap 144 may simply comprise two open ends . in use , gases flowing through the channel 141 may be forced to flow along the sidewall 145 of the cap 144 . some gases may be forced to flow around or circumscribe the cap 144 and some gases may be forced to flow up the sidewall 145 to enter the apertures 148 and ultimately flow through the open end 149 . the tangential velocity component of the gases may increase as a result of the motion of the flow of gases around the sidewall 145 , which may improve the mixing of the gases . additionally , gases circumscribing or flowing around the cap 144 may collide with gases flowing up the sidewall 145 and proceeding to the open end 149 , which may increase gases mixing as a result of increased turbulence . in some configurations , and as seen in fig4 a , 4b , and most clearly in fig4 c , the channel 141 may be positioned such that gases flowing through the channel 141 strike the sidewall 145 of the cap 144 roughly head - on and are diverted clockwise or counterclockwise around the sidewall 145 with roughly equal biases . however , in some configurations , and as shown in fig4 d , the channel 141 may be positioned such that it is offset with respect to the cap 144 . gases flowing through the channel 141 may then be biased towards a side of the sidewall 145 , which may further promote tangential motion of the gases . fig5 a - 5g depict various configurations of flow mixers that embody other methods for mixing a gases flow by imparting a tangential , rotational , spiraling , swirling , or other motion to the gases flow that may be inserted or positioned in a gases passageway . the gases passageway may comprise , for example , the humidifier inlet 116 or the humidifier outlet 118 . the flow mixer may comprise a static mixer . a “ static mixer ” may be understood as referring to a structure having no moving parts that promotes the mixing of gases or other fluids by utilizing the energy of the gases rather than utilizing energy from another source , such as an electrical power supply . fig5 a - 5b show perspective and top - down views , respectively , of a flow mixer 150 . the flow mixer 150 may be configured to impart a tangential , rotational , swirling , or spiral velocity vector to the gases flowing through the flow mixer 150 . the flow mixer 150 may comprise a jacket 151 . the profile or shape of the jacket 151 may match the profile or shape of the gases passageway in which the flow mixer 150 is placed . for example , the jacket 151 may be cylindrical . the jacket 151 may be smooth to facilitate insertion into and / or removal from the gases passageway . a pair of vanes 152 may extend inwardly from the jacket 151 towards a center of the flow mixer 150 . in other words , each of the vanes 152 may extend inwardly from the jacket 151 to a location at or near a central location equidistant from a first section of the jacket 151 where the vane 152 originates and a second section of the jacket 151 opposite the first section . the vanes 152 may support an internal conduit 154 that may be centrally located in the flow mixer 150 and that may extend axially along the length of the flow mixer 150 . in some embodiments , the internal conduit 154 may provide a passageway through which water may flow , for example , into a reservoir of a humidification apparatus . the internal conduit 154 may be sized or configured so as to accept a spike connected to a water source . in some embodiments , the internal conduit 154 may be sized or configured so as to accept a float retention apparatus that may extend through a gases passageway in which the flow mixer 150 is placed , such as the humidifier inlet 116 . as illustrated in fig5 a - 5b , the vanes 152 may extend axially and spirally along the length of the flow mixer 150 ( and the jacket 151 ). as gases flow along the vanes 152 , the gases may be guided in such a way that a part of the axial and / or radial components of the flow velocity vector may be modified to increase the tangential component of the flow velocity vector . the vanes 152 may each be angled such that they spirally traverse at least a portion or , in some embodiments , all of the length of the flow mixer 150 without intercepting each other ( that is , the vanes 152 do not intersect in some embodiments ). the angles of the vanes 152 may be such that the starting position of a given one of the vanes 152 is circumferentially offset by 180 ° from the ending position of the vane 152 . the vanes 152 may have a constant pitch along the length of the vanes 152 . in other words , each of the vanes 152 may extend spirally along the length of the jacket 151 such that the angle between any two points along the edge of the vane 152 is constant . the flow mixer 150 may be sized such that it can be easily inserted into a gases passageway . for example , the width of the flow mixer 150 ( as shown by the double - ended arrow annotated ‘ w ’ in fig5 a ) may be 10 mm to 30 mm , or 15 mm to 25 mm , or 20 mm . similarly , the length of the flow mixer 150 ( as shown by the double - ended arrow annotated ‘ l ’ in fig5 a ) may be 10 mm to 30 mm , or 15 mm to 25 mm , or 20 mm . the angle of each of the vanes 152 may be , for example , 42 ° to 70 °, or 46 ° to 66 °, or 50 ° to 62 °, or 54 ° to 58 °, or 56 °. other configurations for the flow mixer 150 are contemplated . for example , although fig5 a and 5b illustrate that the pitch of the vanes 152 may be constant ( more clearly shown in fig5 c through the use of the character θ ), as illustrated in fig5 d the pitch of the vanes 152 may be variable across any portion of the length of the jacket 151 . additionally , although fig5 a and 5b illustrate that the flow mixer 150 may comprise two vanes 152 , in some configurations , a single vane 152 may be used , or more than two vanes 152 could be used . for example , fig5 e shows an embodiment of the flow mixer 150 comprising four vanes 152 . although fig5 b and 5e , for example , show that the flow mixer 150 may comprise the internal conduit 154 , in some configurations the internal conduit 154 may not be present , and the radial ends of the vanes 152 may touch at or near the center of the flow mixer 150 . although fig5 b and 5e , for example , show that the vanes 152 may extend inwardly from the jacket 151 evenly ( for example , that the vanes 152 may be positioned such that they extend inwardly from the jacket 151 at positions that are radially equidistant with respect to the inner surface of the jacket 151 ), in some configurations the vanes 152 may be staggered . although fig5 a , for example , shows that the vanes 152 may extend along the entire length of the jacket 151 , in some configurations the vanes 152 may extend only partially along the length of the jacket 151 , and may begin or end at locations other than the axial ends of the jacket 151 . the vanes 152 may be different or have different characteristics from each other . for example , some of the vanes 152 may extend spirally across the entire length of the jacket 151 and some of the vanes 152 may only extend partially across the length of the jacket 151 . in some configurations , and as illustrated in fig5 g , the internal conduit 154 may not be present . although in some configurations the flow mixer 150 comprises the jacket 151 , in some configurations , and as illustrated in fig5 f , the flow mixer 150 may not comprise a jacket . in some such configurations , if the flow mixer 150 does not comprise a jacket , the vanes 152 may fit in a gases passageway ( for example , the humidifier inlet 116 or the humidifier outlet 118 ). in some configurations , the vanes 152 can be secured through a frictional fit and / or the ends of the vanes 152 may fit into corresponding recesses or catches on the inner surface of , for example , the humidifier inlet 116 , or be secured or fixed using other retaining elements . the ends of the vanes 152 may , for example , be beveled such that they can slide into such recesses when the flow mixer 150 is pushed into the humidifier inlet 116 or the humidifier outlet 118 . in some configurations , the flow mixer 150 can be integrally moulded with a gases conduit ( for example , the humidifier inlet 116 or the humidifier outlet 118 ), or the flow mixer 150 ( which may or may not include the jacket 151 ) and the gases conduit can together otherwise be in the form of a single part or piece . many other configurations are possible . preferably , the flow mixer 150 may be configured to impart a tangential , rotational , swirling , or spiraling motion to a gases flow through the flow mixer 150 sufficient to reduce the error of sensors positioned downstream of the flow mixer 150 in a gases passageway while minimizing pressure loss of the gases flow . fig6 and 7 illustrate a possible use of the flow mixer 150 . fig6 shows that the flow mixer 150 may be located in the humidifier inlet 116 of the humidifier 112 illustrated in fig2 . fig7 shows a diagram of a gases passageway including the humidifier inlet 116 of fig6 wherein the first conduit 110 is connected to the humidifier inlet 116 as illustrated in fig1 . in some configurations , the conduit connector 115 ( not shown in fig7 ) may be positioned in - line between the first conduit 110 and the humidifier inlet 116 as illustrated in fig3 . the arrows of fig7 may demonstrate the velocity of a flow of gases passing through the gases passageway in use , where the size and / or length of the arrows relates to the magnitude of the velocity of the flow of gases . as shown in fig7 , the velocity of a flow of gases along the bend in the first conduit 110 ( or the conduit connector 115 , for example ) may become asymmetric along a given profile of the gases passageway . when gases flow along the vanes 152 of the flow mixer 150 inserted in the humidifier inlet 116 , the tangential motion imparted to the flow of gases may facilitate gases mixing such that the velocity of the flow of gases along the profile becomes more symmetric . this may improve the accuracy of a sensor 160 positioned in the gases passageway downstream of the flow mixer 150 . the sensor 160 may be positioned in , for example , one or more of the apertures 134 a , 134 b , 134 c as illustrated in fig2 . in some embodiments , configurations of flow mixing apparatus such as the conduit connector 115 illustrated in fig4 a - 4d may be used together with configurations of flow mixers including those illustrated in fig5 a - 5g . the flow mixing apparatus 115 and the flow mixer 150 may work synergistically together . in some configurations , other static flow mixers may be used instead of or in combination with the aforementioned flow mixers and / or flow mixing apparatus , including those known as “ cut and fold ” and / or “ twist and divide ” mixers . fig8 a - 8e illustrate other static mixers that may advantageously be used to promote gases mixing . in each of fig8 a - 8e , gases may be introduced along arrows and travel along the mixers 200 , 202 , 204 , 206 , 208 shown according to the black arrows as illustrated . fig9 a - 9g illustrate various views of another example embodiment of a flow mixer or flow conditioner 300 . while the embodiments described above were described as being positioned upstream of a sensor , the embodiment illustrated in fig9 a - 9g is designed to be positioned such that the sensor is located between an inlet end and outlet end of the flow conditioner 300 . in other words , the sensor can be positioned such that the sensor is disposed along the flow conditioner 300 . in some configurations , however , the flow conditioner 300 of fig9 a - 9g can be positioned upstream , or at least a portion is positioned upstream , of at least one sensor . in some embodiments , the humidification chamber 114 includes an elbow - shaped or angled outlet port 119 extending between the reservoir 128 and the humidifier outlet 118 , for example as shown in fig2 - 3 , 4b , 6 , and 10 . with reference to fig1 , the humidification chamber 114 can include an aperture 135 a proximate to the humidifier inlet 116 . the aperture 135 a is configured to receive a sensor . the sensor can be , for example , a thermistor adapted to sense the temperature of gases passing through the humidifier inlet 116 . the elbow - shaped outlet port 119 can include two apertures 135 b , 135 c . the apertures 135 b , 135 c can be configured to receive sensors . the sensors can be , for example , a pair of thermistors ( where one of the pair of thermistors is configured to act as a reference ) adapted to measure the flow rate of gases passing through the elbow - shaped outlet port 119 . the apertures 135 b , 135 c are positioned such that they can be viewed through the open outlet end of the outlet port 119 . as shown in the sectioned view of fig1 , at least some of the gases passing from the body of the humidification chamber 114 , into the outlet port 119 , and out of the humidifier outlet 118 , as indicated by a flow path 170 in fig1 , pass around an arcuate bend that partially defines a connection between the body of the chamber 114 and the outlet port 119 , indicated by an arrow 172 . when the gases pass around the bend , flow separation can occur , promoting the creation of a turbulent boundary layer 174 near the sensors received in apertures 135 b , 135 c . turbulent flow at the boundary layer 174 has a varying velocity for a given average flow rate and can reduce the consistency of the sensor output at any given system flow rate . turbulence in the gas flow can additionally increase flow resistance through the outlet port 119 , which in turn increases the pressure drop , which can inhibit the ability to deliver gases to a patient at a desired pressure . flow mixers , such as those described herein , disposed in or near the humidifier inlet 116 can help mitigate turbulence and / or can help normalize the velocity of gases passing through the humidifier inlet 116 ; however , it is possible to further improve the system with respect to flow through the outlet port 119 . instead of or in addition to a flow mixer placed in or near the humidifier inlet 116 , in some embodiments , a flow mixer or conditioner , such as the flow conditioner 300 shown and described herein , can be disposed in the elbow - shaped outlet port 119 , for example as shown in the various views of fig1 a - 14j . the flow conditioner 300 is configured to help reduce or eliminate the turbulence of gas flow in the elbow - shaped outlet port 119 . more particularly , the flow conditioner 300 can help reduce or eliminate the turbulence of gas flow in a region that includes the sensors . in some configurations , the flow conditioner 300 divides the flow passing through the outlet port 119 . by dividing the flow passing through the outlet port 119 , the flow conditioner 300 improves sensor output performance particularly when the sensor has output that is sensitive to changes in flow velocity . thus , the flow conditioner 300 provides for improved probe precision ( in other words , reduces output variability by reducing flow turbulence around the region of the probes ) while also reducing or minimizing the impact of the flow conditioner 300 on pressure drop and / or flow restriction . as shown in fig9 a - 9e , the flow conditioner 300 includes multiple baffles . in the illustrated configuration , the flow conditioner 300 includes four baffles 310 , 312 , 314 , 316 that create four compartments 320 , 322 , 324 , 326 . the baffles 310 , 312 , 314 , 316 can be configured such that a cross - section of the flow conditioner 300 has a cross or x shape . other configurations also are possible . for example , but without limitation , in some configurations , one or more of the baffles 310 , 312 , 314 , 316 can be omitted . in some configurations , the baffle 312 can be omitted . in some configurations , the baffle 310 can be omitted . in some embodiments , two or more of the baffles 310 , 312 , 314 , 316 can be integrally formed or molded with each other . in some embodiments , two or more of the baffles 310 , 312 , 314 , 316 are formed separately and attached to one another . the flow conditioner 300 can be permanently or removably disposed in the outlet port 119 and can be coupled to the outlet port 119 via an adhesive , a friction fit , or any other suitable means . in some embodiments , the flow conditioner 300 is integrally formed with the chamber 114 . with reference to fig9 f , 9g , 12 and 13 , the flow conditioner 300 can include an outlet port retention feature 330 configured to help retain the flow conditioner 300 in the appropriate position within the outlet port 119 . a snap - fit can be used to secure the conditioner 300 within the outlet port 119 . the outlet port retention feature 330 includes a portion with a ridge or rib or the like that is adjacent to a void , gap , or opening such that the portion with the ridge or rib or the like can deflect in an elastic member to provide a snap fit . the outlet port retention feature 330 of the embodiment of the flow conditioner 300 shown in fig9 f and 9g has a different configuration from the outlet port retention feature 330 of the embodiment of the flow conditioner 300 shown in fig9 a - 9e . in fig9 a - 9e , the outlet port retention feature 330 has a void , gap or opening that is captured within the material of the flow conditioner 300 , while the outlet port retention feature 330 of fig9 f and 9g has a void , gap or opening that intersects with an edge of the flow conditioner 300 . the outlet port retention feature 330 of fig9 a - 9g is configured to engage a corresponding cleft 332 in the wall of the outlet port 119 . as shown in fig1 and 13 , the cleft 332 is located proximate the apertures 135 b , 135 c . as shown in fig1 d , the outlet port 119 can include retention slats 334 at or near a base of the outlet port 119 and / or a transition between the body of the humidification chamber 114 and the outlet port 119 . the slats 334 define a slot 336 configured to receive a base of the baffle 310 to orient the flow conditioner 300 during assembly and / or to help maintain the flow conditioner 300 in the appropriate position following assembly . other configurations are possible . in the illustrated embodiment , the flow conditioner 300 also includes at least one aerofoil feature 340 . as shown in fig9 d , 9f and 9g , for example , the aerofoil feature 340 is located on an edge of the baffle 312 . in the illustrated configuration , the aerofoil feature 340 is located opposite of , or positioned away from , the apertures 135 b , 135 c when the flow conditioner 300 is disposed in the outlet port 119 . the aerofoil feature 340 is separated from the apertures 135 b , 135 c by the baffles 314 , 316 . the aerofoil feature 340 can be integrally formed with or coupled to the baffle 312 . as shown , the aerofoil feature 340 is curved and convex toward the baffles 314 , 316 . as illustrated , the baffles 314 , 316 have a straight lower portion and a curved upper portion . the illustrated baffles 314 , 316 generally follow the shape or configuration of the elbow - shaped outlet port 119 . in some configurations , the baffles 314 , 316 define curved portions that are concentric with each other . in some embodiments , a radius of curvature of the curved upper portion of each of the baffles 314 , 316 is 12 mm as shown in fig9 f . in some embodiments , the aerofoil feature 340 has an angled lower portion and a partially circular upper portion . the lower portion can be angled at 30 ° and the upper portion can have a radius of curvature of 5 mm , for example as shown in fig9 f . in the illustrated configuration , and as best shown in fig9 f and 9g , for example , the wall or walls defining the aerofoil feature 340 has at least a portion that defines a first arc while the wall or walls defining the baffles 314 , 316 has at least a portion that defines a second arc . in some such configurations , the first arc and the second arc have the same center of curvature . the arcs have first ends that are coterminous with the flow conditioner 300 and second ends that connect to walls that define a tapering mouth . the first and second arcs can define a passage with a constant cross - section portion . the flow conditioner 300 can occupy the full length of the outlet port 119 or any portion of the length of the outlet port 119 . in the illustrated configuration , the flow conditioner 300 occupies only a portion of the full length of the outlet port 119 . the portion of the length of the outlet port 119 occupied by the flow conditioner can contain one or more sensors or at least one or more of the apertures 135 a , 135 b , 135 b that receive sensors . in some embodiments , a total height of the flow conditioner 300 is in the range of 43 mm to 44 mm . in some embodiments , a total width of the flow conditioner 300 is in the range of 26 mm to 27 mm . as gases flow into the outlet port 119 , the curvature of the aerofoil feature 340 allows the incoming flow to gently change in direction as it flows around a corner defined within the elbow . in the absence of the aerofoil feature 340 , the gases flowing around the corner defined within the elbow are forced to turn a sharp angle . by smoothing the corner , the aerofoil feature 340 allows the flow of gases to experience less pressure drop and less increase in resistance to flow . in addition , in use , the flow conditioner 300 separates the flow of gases through the outlet port 119 into multiple ( four in the illustrated embodiment ) smaller compartments or flow paths . fig1 a - 15d illustrate flow paths f 1 , f 2 , f 3 , f 4 through compartments 320 , 322 , 324 , 326 , respectively , formed by the flow conditioner 300 . the illustrated configuration features four compartments 320 , 322 , 324 , 326 . the smaller compartments 320 , 322 , 324 , 326 compared to the overall size of the outlet port 119 reduce the space available for boundary layer separation and / or collision of a given portion of a flow of gases with another portion of the flow of gases , thereby helping to reduce turbulence . the gradually curved shape of the baffles 314 , 316 also helps ease the flow of gases through the outlet port 119 and discourage the formation of eddies , vortices , or turbulent areas . one or more of the compartments 320 , 322 , 324 , 326 can be configured to promote substantially laminar flow through the compartment . in some configurations , the one or more of the compartments 320 , 322 , 324 , 326 containing sensors can be configured to promote substantially laminar flow at least in the region near the sensors . for example , removing or reducing the number and / or severity or sharp angles in or directly adjacent to the compartment can promote substantially laminar flow . variations of the flow conditioner 300 can include more or fewer baffles to create more or fewer compartments . increasing the number of compartments and / or decreasing the cross - section of compartments proximal to the sensors reduces turbulence and increases sensor precision . however , increasing the number of compartments and / or decreasing the cross - section of the compartments can also increase flow restriction and pressure drop . the number of baffles and compartments should therefore be selected to balance turbulence reduction and minimization of pressure drop . in some embodiments , part or all of the baffle 312 can be eliminated to improve flow resistance . for example , the portion of the baffle 312 supporting the aerofoil feature 340 , described in greater detail herein , can be maintained , and the remainder of the baffle 312 can be removed . in some embodiments , turbulation features ( for example , small pits , bumps , or the like ) can be placed along the curved portions of the flow conditioner 300 and / or portions of the humidification chamber 114 proximate to the base of the outlet port 119 to help discourage the formation of turbulent flow layers and thereby improve sensor precision . fig1 illustrates another embodiment of the elbow - shaped outlet port 119 that includes a compartment that is configured to contain one or more sensors 402 . in the illustrated configuration , the compartment can be defined by a barrier 404 , such as a wall or the like . the illustrated barrier 404 is configured to create a bleed flow adjacent the sensors 402 , in other words , the barrier 404 creates a discrete chamber 406 of conditioned gases flow that passes by the sensors 402 to thereby improve sensor reading accuracy . the chamber 406 can be configured to promote laminar flow in the vicinity of the sensors 402 . unless the context clearly requires otherwise , throughout the description and the claims , the words “ comprise ”, “ comprising ”, and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense , that is to say , in the sense of “ including , but not limited to ”. where in the foregoing description reference has been made to integers or components having known equivalents thereof , those integers or components are herein incorporated as if individually set forth . the disclosed methods , apparatus , and systems may also be said broadly to comprise the parts , elements , and features referred to or indicated in the disclosure , individually or collectively , in any or all combinations of two or more of said parts , elements , or features . recitation of ranges herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate sub - range or value falling within the range , unless otherwise indicated herein , and each such separate sub - range or value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein . reference to any prior art in this specification is not , and should not be taken as , an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that said prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour in any country in the world . although the present disclosure has been described in terms of certain embodiments , other embodiments apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art also are within the scope of this disclosure . thus , various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure . for instance , various components may be repositioned as desired . moreover , not all of the features , aspects and advantages are necessarily required to practice the present disclosure . accordingly , the scope of the present disclosure is intended to be defined only by the claims that follow .
a flow of gases in a respiratory therapy system can be conditioned to achieve more consistent output from sensors configured to sense a characteristic of the flow . the flow can be mixed by imparting a tangential , rotary , helical , or swirling motion to the flow of gases . the mixing can occur upstream of the sensors . the flow can be segregated into smaller compartments to reduce turbulence in a region of the sensors .