fig1 shows the basic structure of the cpm device of the present invention . frame 1 supports the cpm device , and supports a cover 2 which shields the interior components of the device from the outside . because of the presence of the cover , figure i shows the interior components in dotted outline . foot support plate 3 has two parallel side walls , though one can see only side wall 5 in the figure . thus , the foot support plate defines a generally u - shaped channel , within which foot 7 rests . the foot support plate pivots about pivot shaft 9 which connects to pivot support plate 11 , mounted to the frame by bolts 12 . thus , the foot support plate has a firm connection to the frame , while remaining free to pivot about the pivot point defined by the center of the shaft 9 . due to the position of shaft 9 , the foot support plate pivots about a point centered about the ball joint of the patient &# 39 ; s large toe . motor 13 provides oscillatory movement which drives the foot support plate . the motor can comprise a gear motor having a variable output speed . however , one can use any other motor capable of providing the required oscillatory movement , and the invention includes all such alternatives . the motor moves crank arm 15 back and forth ( from side to side in fig1 ). connecting rod 17 connects the crank arm with clevis 19 , connected to foot support plate 3 . toe plate 21 comprises a generally flat member and pivots about pivot shaft 23 , also connected to pivot support plate 11 . thus , the device provides a rigid connection of the toe plate with the frame , while allowing the toe plate to pivot freely about shaft 23 . the foot support plate 3 includes driver pin 25 , rigidly connected to the foot support plate and extending laterally outward therefrom . the driver pin 25 has the purpose of selectively engaging driven pin 27 which has a rigid connection to the toe plate 21 and which extends upward therefrom , as shown . due to the pivoting motion of the foot support plate 3 , driver pin 25 moves along a circular arc having a radius equal to the distance between the center of pivot shaft 9 and the driver pin . as the foot support plate rotates in the clockwise direction ( with the heel portion of the foot support plate moving upward , as shown in fig1 ), the driver pin also moves clockwise , and eventually engages driven pin 27 . only when these two pins engage will the toe plate begin to pivot , and in the counterclockwise direction . the toe plate pivots against the force of spring 29 which tends to urge the toe plate towards the frame . when the foot support plate moves in the opposite direction , namely counterclockwise , the driver pin and driven pin eventually disengage . the toe plate returns to its initial position , due to the action of the spring . rubber stop 31 prevents the toe plate from rotating clockwise beyond its initial position . thus , as the foot support plate continues to rotate counterclockwise , the pins remain disengaged , and the toe plate does not rotate . a more detailed analysis of the motion of the foot support plate and toe plate appears later . fig1 also shows strip chart recorder 33 , which one can conveniently mount to the frame , as shown . the recorder provides a written record of the nature and extent of the therapy . the recorder receives , as its input , an analog signal generated by a potentiometer ( not shown ) turned preferably by shaft 9 . one could also use one of the other moving parts of the device to generate the analog signal . one could also use other means of generating the analog signal for the chart recorder . bellows 35 serves to cover the interior components of the cpm device , thus preventing the accidental insertion of hands into the area of its moving parts . while a bellows constitutes the preferred means of shielding the moving parts from the outside , one can use other shielding structures , within the scope of the invention . fig2 through 7 illustrate the various positions of the major components of the cpm device , during a complete cycle of operation . before explaining these figures , one should first understand the terminology used in describing the motions shown in these figures . fig2 illustrates the &# 34 ; base position &# 34 ;, wherein the foot support plate 3 and the toe plate 21 both lie along the same line ( or , equivalently , wherein both make the same angle with the horizontal ). in the base position , the foot support plate preferably makes an angle of about 45 ° with the floor . when the heel portion of the foot support plate moves upward , as shown , for example , in fig3 one calls the angle formed by the foot support plate , relative to the base position , the &# 34 ; dorsi &# 34 ; angle . a positive dorsi angle implies that the heel portion of the foot support plate has moved upward , above the base position . conversely , when the heel portion of the foot support plate moves downward from the base position , as shown , for example , in fig7 one calls the angle formed by the foot support plate , relative to the base position , the &# 34 ; plantar &# 34 ; angle . a positive plantar angle means that the heel portion of the foot support plate has moved downward , below the base position . now consider the movements represented by fig2 - 7 . in fig2 foot support plate 3 starts in the base position . as controlled by the motor , crank arm 15 rotates clockwise , so that the foot support plate also rotates clockwise . as shown in fig3 the foot support plate has passed through a 10 ° dorsi angle . in other words , the foot support plate makes an angle of 10 ° with the base position . because driver pin 25 has not yet engaged driven pin 27 , toe plate 21 does not rotate . thus , fig3 shows the toe plate in the same position as in fig2 . in fig4 crank arm 15 has moved farther , and foot support plate 3 has moved through a 20 ° dorsi angle . at this instant , the pins 25 and 27 , though they are closer than before , still have not yet engaged , and the toe plate remains in its original position . in the example illustrated in the figures , the pins do not touch until the foot support plate reaches the dorsi angle of 25 ° ( not shown ). in fig5 the crank arm has moved the foot support plate to a dorsi angle of 30 °. the pins 25 and 27 have engaged just before the moment represented in fig5 and the toe plate has begun to move . one chooses the positions of the pins 25 and 27 such that the toe plate moves through two degrees for every one degree of movement of the foot support plate . thus , in fig5 since the toe plate began to move when the foot support plate reached the dorsi angle of 25 °, the toe plate has moved through 10 ° ( 2 ×( 30 - 25 )). in the example shown , the foot support plate moves through a maximum dorsi angle of 30 °. fig6 shows the position wherein crank arm 15 has moved counterclockwise , pulling the foot support plate back through the base position and to a plantar angle of 10 °. the spring 29 ( not shown in fig2 - 7 but illustrated in fig1 ) has pulled the toe plate back to its initial position , where the rubber stop ( also shown only in fig1 ) holds the toe plate in this position . note that the pins 25 and 27 do not touch , and have no effect on the movement of the toe plate during this portion of the operating cycle . the toe plate thus remains in its initial position . in fig7 the crank arm has pulled the foot support plate to a plantar angle of 20 °. again , the toe plate remains in the initial position for the same reasons given above . the choice of position of the driver pin 25 and the driven pin 27 determines the relative angular movement of the toe plate and the foot support plate . in the example shown in the figures , the radial distance between the center of pivot shaft 9 and driver pin 25 is twice the distance from the contact point between the pins and the center of toe plate pivot shaft 23 . in general , the ratio of the radial distance between the shaft 9 and the pin 25 , and the distance between the contact point of the pins and the center of shaft 23 , equals the number of degrees through which the toe plate will rotate for every degree of rotation of the foot support plate . in the present example , which represents the preferred embodiment , this ratio equals two . clearly , one could change the ratio by adjusting the position of driver pin 25 with respect to driven pin 27 , as required . also , by moving the driver pin 25 along the circumference of a circle having the radius chosen as described above , one can determine the point at which the pins come into contact . thus , one can determine at what point the toe plate will begin to move , relative to the movement of the foot support plate . in the example given , the toe plate does not begin to move until the foot support plate has reached a dorsi angle of 25 °. other positions of the pins would produce a device in which the toe plate begins to move earlier or later . the relative positioning of the pins normally constitutes a permanent feature of the cpm device , and in the preferred embodiment shown , the patient cannot change the positions of the pins . one would not expect the patient to need to make such adjustments . however , if necessary , one can modify the device to provide removable and repositionable pins , and the present invention includes such possible modification . one can house the components of the cpm device in an appropriate box , so that the entire device becomes portable . the box can also provide a mounting for controls used by the patient . for example , the patient can control the maximum angles for dorsi and plantar travel , and can also control the speed of the motor . note that , for the construction shown , wherein the pins 25 and 27 do not engage until the foot support plate has reached a dorsi angle of 25 °, the toe plate will not move at all if the patient sets the maximum dorsi angle to 25 ° or less . as noted above , the box can also contain a strip chart recorder . alternatively , one can provide a strip chart recorder separately from the housing of the cpm device . one can also provide a hand - held remote control device ( not shown ) so that the patient can control the device without touching the device itself . the maximum angles of travel discussed above represent examples only , and one should not interpret them as limiting the invention . one can vary these maximum angles . for example , one can design a system having a maximum dorsi travel of the foot support plate of 40 °. by selection of the positions of the pins , one can also choose when to begin the motion of the toe plate . for example , the toe plate could begin to move when the foot support plate reaches 30 °, or 35 °, or some other angle . however , the embodiment illustrated represents the preferred embodiment . the major advantage of the present invention resides in its ability to provide effective flexing of up to 40 ° or more , while maintaining a high degree of comfort for the patient . when the foot support plate has traveled through a dorsi angle of , say , 30 °, and the toe plate has rotated through an angle of 10 °, the effective amount of flexing equals the sum of these rotations , namely 40 °. however , by limiting the angle of rotation of the heel to 30 °, one achieves a much greater level of comfort in comparison to the case wherein the foot support plate moves through 40 ° and the toe plate does not move . the present invention also has the advantage that it moves the toe joint in a manner which closely simulates actual movement of the joint during walking . thus , the invention promotes proper healing of the joint while also maintaining the comfort for the patient . in another embodiment of the invention , one can permit the foot support plate to move , while keeping the toe plate stationary at all times . this embodiment would resemble the illustrated device , except that one would omit one or both pins , thereby preventing the toe plate from pivoting . the important feature resides in the movement of the foot support plate , so that movement of the heel alone causes the toe joint to flex . the toe joint would still flex , in this embodiment , because the toe itself would rest on a stationary and separate toe plate , while the heel pivots upward and downward on the foot support plate . while the specification has described the invention with respect to a specific embodiment , one can modify the invention in many ways . for example , the particular type of motor used can vary . the number and nature of the controls operated by the patient can also vary . one can build the device without the strip chart recorder . one should consider these and other similar variations as within the spirit and scope of the following claims .
a continuous passive motion device includes a foot support plate and a toe plate . the foot support plate pivots back and forth , driven by a rod connected to a motor . a toe plate pivots separately from the foot support plate , and receives its motive power solely from the foot support plate . the engagement of a pair of pins , one pin connected to the foot support plate and the other pin connected to the toe plate , causes the toe plate to pivot at the desired moment . the toe plate pivots in the opposite direction from that of the foot support plate , and pivots only when the foot support plate reaches a predetermined angle . at other times , the toe plate does not move . the latter arrangement enhances the level of comfort felt by the patient , by increasing the effective angle of flexing of the foot , while limiting the amount of flexing of the heel to a comfortable level . the positioning of the pins determines through how many degrees the toe plate pivots for each degree of rotation of the foot support plate .