referring to fig1 - 3 the intermaxillary force appliance has a longitudinal hollow tubular body 5 having sufficient length to extend from the patient &# 39 ; s posterior molar area 25 to the anterior cuspid area 26 . the tube is preferably metal . the diameter of the horizontal tube 5 may be 2 - 6 mm , preferably 4 mm to be comfortably worn by the patient . the horizontal tube 5 has a first 8 and second 9 end . an open coiled longitudinal spring 10 is enclosed in the horizontal tube 5 extending from the first tube end 8 to the second tube end 9 . the spring 10 has a first 18 and second 19 end to correspond to the first 8 and second end 10 of the tube 5 . the external diameter of the spring is less than the internal diameter of the tube 5 , allowing the spring 10 to be compressed . a sphere 14 the same diameter as the spring 10 rests at the second spring end 19 . the horizontal tube 5 is externally threaded at the first 16 and second 15 ends . an internally threaded cap , the first end cap 12 , is threaded onto the first horizontal tube end external thread 16 . a second end cap 4 is threaded over the second horizontal tube threaded end 15 . the first and second end caps have eyelets 6 - 7 for ligation . referring to fig6 , in a preferred embodiment , the first end cap 3 has an interior wherein a 4 mm shaft 38 , 1 - 2 mm in diameter , is mounted centrally in the long axis of the horizontal tube 5 . pivotally mounted upon the shaft is a v - shaped roller bearing 36 mounted to mounting brackets 35 attached to a pedestal base 49 . the pedestal base 49 has a central hole 40 which receives the shaft 38 . the shaft 38 has an end 39 which extends into the horizontal tube 5 wherein the end 39 is enlarged locking the pedestal base 49 to the first end cap 3 . spherical bearings 37 may be placed between the pedestal base 49 and the first end cap 3 , enhancing the rotation of the v - shaped roller bearing 36 . adjacent to the pivotally mounted first end roller bearing 11 is an opening 2 in the wall of the horizontal tube 5 . the first end spherical bearing 36 is mounted offset 35 towards this opening 2 . in fig9 , adjacent to the tube opening 12 , the horizontal tube 5 is circumferentially narrowed 77 to form a seat for the first end 18 of the spring 10 . referring to fig4 , another embodiment of the first end pulley 30 is mounted to a central shaft 32 mounted to the walls of the horizontal tube 5 . the v - shaped pulley is shown in fig3 - 31 4 , 5 , and 8 . a central shaft housing 34 is surrounded by roller bearings 33 . the pulley is v - shaped to receive a cable . referring to fig1 - 3 a flexible cable 1 0 . 015 - 0 . 030 inch in diameter is attached at the first tube end 8 and extends through the center of the spring to the second end of the spring 19 , wraps around the v - grooved pulley 14 at the second end and returns to through the center of the spring to the first horizontal tube end 8 , wraps around to his first end v - shaped pulley 11 , and exits the horizontal tube through the opening 2 in the wall of the horizontal tube 5 . a preferred embodiment of the cable is a 0 . 016 inch diameter 60 pound test microfilament line called power pro ® sold by innovative textiles , inc . the cable is made from spectra ® fiber from honeywell international . the horizontal tube 5 assembly is mounted , as shown in fig3 and 12 , positioned between the orthodontic brackets and the patient &# 39 ; s cheek . the horizontal tube 5 is positioned slightly gingival fig1 to the central position of the bracket 56 to keep the tube out of occlusal contact with the patient &# 39 ; s opposing teeth . referring to fig3 , the cable i is shown exiting the first end of the tube 8 and attaching to the patient &# 39 ; s upper arch in the cuspid area 24 . the length of the cable is adjusted to compress the spring sufficiently to apply pressure from the patient &# 39 ; s lower dental arch to the anterior of the patient &# 39 ; s upper arch . this force would move patient &# 39 ; s upper teeth inward , correcting the bite . referring to fig2 and 7 , in a preferred embodiment , there is a v - shaped roller bearing 41 embedded within a sphere 14 mounted on the second end 19 of the coiled spring 10 . the sphere 14 and v - shaped pulley 41 are mounted on an axial mounting shaft 43 . the cable 1 originates at first end of the horizontal tube 8 and travels through the interior of the coiled spring , engages the second end pulley 14 and returns to the first end pulley 11 . this pulley arrangement allows the cable to have twice the movement of the compression distance of the spring , allowing for full motion of the lower jaw . the advantage of this appliance is that it is permanently attached eliminating the variable of patient cooperation . the continuous force reduces the time the patient will spend in orthodontic appliances , reduces the orthodontist &# 39 ; s chair time , and increases the success rate of the orthodontic treatment . referring to fig1 - 13 a configured wire 50 - 54 attaches the horizontal tube 5 to the orthodontic bracket 56 archwire 52 combination . an orthodontic bracket has a central horizontal slot for the archwire and occlusal 59 and gingival 58 wings for ligating the archwire 52 . the configured wire has a clasp portion 50 and a portion 51 which engages the archwire and bracket . the horizontal tube assembly 5 is mounted to the orthodontic appliance , in a preferred embodiment , using clasps 50 and 53 which grip the horizontal tube 5 combination . the clamps are secured to the bracket archwire combination . the mounting of the clasp 50 and 53 to the bracket is done by using a 0 . 016 inch wire which is attached to the clasp and is configured to engage the occlusal tie wings 59 of the orthodontic bracket , pass over the buccal surface of the archwire , and return under the gingival tie wings 58 of the orthodontic bracket 56 to be attached to the clasp 50 and 53 . the wire has a break in it where it passes over the archwire , resulting in two ends . each wire is configured as a small c - hook 53 which rests over and engages the buccal of the archwire . referring to fig1 - 15 another embodiment in mounting the horizontal tube assembly 5 to the orthodontic appliance is to mount the horizontal tube 5 by soldering or attaching the tube to an overlay archwire 60 . the overlay archwire 60 is bent to the same arch form as the archwire 52 using the same tie - wires used for the existing archwire 52 a preferred embodiment of the horizontal tube clasp is in fig1 - 19 wherein the clasp is a locking clasp comprising a c - clasp 70 with a lip at one end 71 . the other end of the c - clasp 70 is hinged 80 to a first smaller curved section 72 which is in turn hinged at its free end 81 to a smaller second curved section 73 to which is hinged at its free end 82 to the center of a third c - section 74 which has a lip at its free end 75 adjacent the c - hook lip 71 . fig1 shows the clasp open allowing easy insertion or removal of the horizontal tube . fig1 shows the clasp closed to a locked position . referring to another configuration of the intermaxillary force appliance in fig1 the horizontal tube 5 ends are reversed wherein the cable 1 exits the horizontal tube 5 at the front of mouth . the cable would be used in this configuration for class iii , or underbite correction . this embodiment can also be used by attaching the cable straight upwards to the anterior of the patient &# 39 ; s mouth fig1 , for use in closing an anterior open bite .
a permanently mounted orthodontic intermaxillary constant force system wherein the force producing portions are attached to the orthodontic appliance in one jaw and small flexible cables transmit the forces to the patient &# 39 ; s opposite jaw .