referring now to the drawings , a shoe constructed according to the principles of the present invention is designated generally by the reference numeral 10 . as shown in fig1 the shoe includes an upper 12 and a sole 14 . the construction of the upper 12 shown in the drawings is an exemplary construction for an athletic shoe . it is to be understood that the upper may have other forms without departing from the scope of the present invention . as shown in fig3 and 4 , the sole 14 includes an insole 16 , a midsole 18 and an outsole 20 . a sockliner 22 disposed within the shoe 10 on top of the sole 14 has a cloth layer 22a for absorbing moisture and a cushioning layer 22b of polyether polyurethane material , substantially as disclosed in co - assigned u . s . application ser . no . 08 / 792 , 873 , filed jan . 31 , 1997 , the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference . the sockliner 22 is formed to have an arch support 22c and a heel cup 22d for added support and stability . the insole 16 includes an insole board , generally indicated at 26 , made of 1 . 5 mm thick nonwoven polyester and has openings 28b , 28h in ball and heel regions which extend completely through the insole board . corresponding parts in the ball and heel regions of the shoe sole 14 will be designated by the same reference number followed by &# 34 ; b &# 34 ; or &# 34 ; h &# 34 ; to indicate their location in the ball or heel region of the sole . use of the reference number without the letter suffix shall be taken to refer to either part . the insole openings 28b , 28h receive insole pads 30b , 30h made of a soft polyether type polyurethane having a durometer hardness preferably in the range of about 5 to 15 shore c and a specific gravity of about 1 . 10 ± 0 . 05 . it is to be understood that other materials may be used for the insole 16 without departing from the scope of the present invention . the insole pads 30b , 30h are preferably molded into the openings 28b , 28h in the shoe manufacturing process . the molding process joins the insole pads 30b , 30h to the insole board 26 . the insole pads 30b , 30h are each shaped so that upper portions 32b , 32h are substantially flush with the top of the insole board 26 , but lower portions 34b , 34h extend below the bottom of the insole board ( fig4 ). as may be seen in fig8 the heel insole pad 30h is elongate in a lengthwise direction of the insole 16 , while the ball insole pad 30b is somewhat elongate in a transverse direction of the shoe . the ball insole opening 28b and ball insole pad 30b are shaped so that all of the metatarsal heads of the foot will lie within a tubular projection of the opening and over the insole pad when the shoe 10 is worn . the insole board 26 is joined in a conventional manner , such as by bonding and stitching ( not shown ), to the midsole 18 formed of elon . the midsole 18 is formed by a conventional ethylene vinyl acetate ( eva ) process well known to those of ordinary skill in the art . however , the eva base material is replaced with an ethylene - octene cross - linked foam , such as engage sold by dupont dow elastomers in the united states . there are upper recesses 38b , 38h in ball and heel regions of the midsole 18 which receive the lower portions 34b , 34h of respective ones of the insole pads 30b , 30h below the insole board 26 so that the insole board lies substantially flush against the midsole ( see fig3 ). as shown in fig7 the shape of each upper recess 38 corresponds to the shape of the respective insole pad 30 received in that recess . the bottom of the midsole 18 also has lower recesses 40b , 40h in the ball and heel regions which overlap , but are offset from corresponding ones of the upper recesses 38b , 38h in the top of the midsole . it will be noted that the midsole 18 forms a single continuous layer of the sole 14 and has no openings in it which pass entirely through the midsole ( see fig6 and 7 ). thin sheets 42b , 42h are fixed in the lower recesses 40b , 40h solely to provide a color ( e . g ., blue ) background . cushions 44b , 44h are received in each of the lower recesses 40b , 40h of the midsole 18 . each cushion 44 has the appearance and feeling of a gelatin material ( although the material will not flow ) and preferably has a durometer hardness of less than about 10 shore c . the cushion 44 is preferably made of a polyether polyurethane and has a specific gravity of about 1 . 05 ± 0 . 05 . the polyether polyurethane material is stirred as the cushion 44 is being formed to introduce relatively large air bubbles ( on the order of 0 . 1 - 0 . 5 mm ). the air bubbles are believed to enhance the cushioning provided by the cushion 44 . the cushion 44b located in the ball region of the sole 14 has about the same thickness as the cushion 44h located in the heel region , but has a substantially larger surface area . the cushion 44 in each midsole lower recess 40 is received in a central region of a corresponding transparent cover ( 46b or 46h ). in the preferred embodiment , the cover 46 is preferably made of a natural rubber and styrene butadiene rubber compound having a specific gravity of about 1 . 15 ± 0 . 02 and a durometer hardness of about 55 to 60 shore c . however , the cover need not be transparent or made of the specific material recited herein to fall within the scope of the present invention . the central region is defined by an annular , upstanding flange ( 48b or 48h ) of the cover 46 . the flange ( 48b or 48h ) holds the cushion 44 in place and also functions to contain the material forming the cushion when in liquid form prior to hardening . the outsole 20 is bonded to the midsole 18 where the two engage each other , and is preferably made of an abrasion resistant , opaque rubber material . in the illustrated embodiment , the outsole 20 is a single layer of uniform material having a hardness of about 55 - 60 shore a and specific gravity of about 1 . 15 ± 0 . 02 . as shown in fig3 there are two openings 52b , 52h in the outsole 20 , one in the heel region and another in the ball region . the outsole 20 has outer portions 54 which engage the ground , and are characterized in the illustrated embodiment by generally triangular and rectangular treads , and by ribs ( fig2 ). a central portion 56 of the outsole 20 , including portions surrounding the outsole openings is spaced above the plane of the outer portions 54 so that the central portion does not engage the ground . the outsole openings 52b , 52h are closed by the transparent covers 46b , 46h . a peripheral portion of each cover 46 rests on an upper surface of the outsole 20 around the outsole opening 52 ( fig3 ). the lower recesses 40b , 40h each have a larger section to receive the peripheral portion of the cover 46 and a smaller section which receives the flange 48 and cushion 44 . the cover 46 extends into the outsole opening 52 but is spaced about 2 to 3 mm above the plane of the outer portions 54 of the outsole 20 which engage the ground . in view of the above , it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained . as various changes could be made in the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention , it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense .
a shoe sole has cushioning in ball and heel regions of the sole . the sole includes an insole which has openings in the ball and heel regions which increase the flexibility of the insole . the insole openings are filled in by a soft insole pad so that the insole does not form a barrier to cushioning the ball and heel of the foot . the outsole also has openings in ball and heel regions which are closed by clear covers . the openings provide for good flexibility of the outsole . a soft cushion is held in the cover for further cushioning of the ball and heel of the foot .