the present invention provides methods of filling a syringe wherein residual , unused volumes of medicinal liquid from a supply vial are reduced in scale , and wastage of the liquid is minimized . this is accomplished by means of a distributing syringe capable of being charged from a supply vial with a volume of liquid . the liquid , or a portion thereof , can than be transferred to a multiplicity of receiving syringes in such a manner that undesirable gas bubbles are not introduced into the bodies of the receiving syringes . the methods of the present invention also avoid damage to hypodermic needles by reducing their use in penetrating the sealing septum of a liquid supply vial , and by allowing the use of a gauge of hypodermic needle that resists damage during the piercing of the septum . therefore , the first use of the needle of a receiving syringe is in a human or animal and , since the sharp needle has not been blunted or otherwise damaged , there is reduced resistance to skin penetration with less pain and discomfort to the recipient . the present invention offers the advantage over existing procedures for the filling of a syringe that multiple receiving syringes may be charged from a single distributing syringe , thereby reducing wastage of any residual liquid remaining in the supply vial . multiple receiving syringes may be filled from a single distributing syringe , charged from one supply vial . the present invention offers the further advantage that the delivery syringe may be charged from a liquid supply vial by means of a large gauge hypodermic needle that resists damage caused by penetration of the sealing septum of the liquid supply vial . after the liquid is transferred to a receiving syringe , a narrow gauge needle may be attached to the receiving syringe for administration of the liquid to a patient . the narrow gauge needle , therefore , does not encounter the resistant sealing septum , and therefore is not blunted or otherwise damaged before piercing the skin of the recipient animal or human . the present invention therefore offers a simple manual method of filling a syringe that significantly reduces wastage of a liquid . the present invention offers a means of filling multiple syringes with minimal liquid loss , and avoids damage to the syringe needle before inoculation that would otherwise require needle replacement . the terms “ supply vial ” or “ liquid supply vial ” refer to any container from which a liquid to be administered to an animal or human by means of a hypodermic syringe is supplied . the vial may be , but is not limited to , a vessel sealed with a septum , a vial sealed by a heat - created seal of the container wall , or any other container with a liquid known to one skilled in the art . the term “ septum ” refers to a flexible or rigid membrane that can be pierced by a hypodermic needle and which is used to seal an opening to a container . the septum can be made of rubber , plastic , a plastic polymer or any other suitable material known to one of ordinary skill in the art . the term “ syringe ” refers to a device comprising a hollow body and a moveable plunger , forming a variable volume region therein . at one end of the barrel is a male connector “ nozzle ” for fitting into a female connection “ hub 4 ” with a hypodermic single lumen needle . the term “ distributing syringe ” refers to a syringe used to withdraw liquid from a supply vial for dispensing to a multiplicity of receiving syringes . the term “ receiving syringe ” refers to a syringe capable of accepting liquid from a delivery syringe , and which may then be used to administer the liquid to an animal or human . the terms “ liquid ” or “ fluid ” refer to any liquid or fluid to be administered to an animal or human . these terms refer to , but are not limited to , medicinal solutions or liquid compositions of pharmaceutical preparations , vaccines , drugs , medications , or of any other substances of therapeutic , biochemical or genetic activity . the term “ gauge ” refers to the diameter of a hypodermic single lumen needle . the term “ hypodermic syringe needle ” refers to any cannulated needle and having a hub or other means of attachment to the nozzle of the syringe . the end of the needle opposed to the syringe may be , but is not limited to , a sharpened end to more readily penetrate skin . the terms “ loading ”, “ filling ” or “ charging ” refer to a process whereby a syringe receives a liquid into the variable volume region . the methods of filling syringes provided herein are intended to charge at least one receiving syringe in such a way that there is minimal wastage of the liquid loaded and administered to an animal or human . this is achieved in the present invention by interposing a distributing , or delivery , syringe between a supply vial and a multiplicity of receiving syringes that ultimately are used to administer the liquid to an animal or human . thus there is achieved withdrawal of a fluid from a single supply vial . the only residual volume that then remains , and is ultimately lost , is in the one supply vial , even though the liquid may be dispensed to , and fill , a multiplicity of receiving syringes . the alternative , and traditional method , is to fill each receiving syringe directly from a fresh liquid vial , with the attendant wastage of the residual liquids in each vial . the methods of the present invention do not use the distributing syringe to directly administer a liquid to an animal or human . a hypodermic needle attached to the distributing syringe , therefore , may be selected that has a gauge sufficient to resist damage when penetrating a sealing septum of a supply vial . the receiving syringe need only be fitted with a needle of narrow gauge for subsequent administration of the liquid to the animal or human . the needle attached to the distributing syringe is between about 12 and about 30 gauge . a 20 gauge needle is preferred . the distributing syringe has a variable volume region with a volume in the range of about 3 . 0 cc to about 30 . 0 cc . the volume of liquid receivable by the receiving syringe is preferably in the range of about 1 . 0 cc to about 10 . 0 cc . the plunger of the receiving syringe can be withdrawn to adjust the variable volume region of the syringe to a volume that is greater than the volume of the predetermined dose of the liquid to be administered to an animal or human . a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method of filling a syringe , wherein a distributing syringe 2 is loaded with a liquid from a supply vial , placed in communication with a receiving syringe 10 , and a predetermined volume of the liquid 6 is transferred from the distributing syringe to the receiving syringe . a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method of loading a syringe , comprising the steps of : ( a ) fitting a distributing syringe with a single lumen hypodermic needle 20 that can resist damage when piercing a septum , ( b ) loading the distributing syringe with a liquid , ( c ) removing gas bubbles from the liquid in the distributing syringe , ( d ) selecting at least one receiving syringe having a variable volume , a plunger , and a nozzle 12 , ( e ) withdrawing the plunger of the receiving syringe , thereby adjusting the variable volume region to a predetermined volume 14 , ( f ) placing the needle of the distributing syringe into the variable volume region of the receiving syringe through the nozzle of the receiving syringe , wherein the liquid in the distributing syringe can be transferred to the variable volume region of the receiving syringe , ( g ) transferring liquid from the distributing syringe to the variable volume region of the receiving syringe , ( h ) fitting the receiving syringe with a hypodermic needle , and ( i ) removing gas bubbles from the liquid in the variable volume region of the receiving syringe . in a preferred embodiment , the tip of the hypodermic needle of the distributing syringe is placed inside and against the wall of the receiving syringe prior to transferring the liquid . in a preferred embodiment of the present invention , the receiving syringe has a volume less than the volume of the liquid in the distributing syringe , and an attached needle of between 12 and 30 gauge . in the most preferred embodiment of the present invention , the receiving syringe has an attached needle of between 16 and 27 gauge . a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention is where the adjusted variable volume of the receiving syringe is larger than the predetermined volume of the dose of the liquid to be administered to an animal or human . yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method of loading a receiving syringe , wherein the adjusted variable volume of the receiving syringe is between about 0 . 01 cc and about 0 . 05 cc greater than the predetermined volume of the dose of the liquid to be administered to an animal or human . it is advantageous to prepare at the same time multiple receiving syringes for fluid transfer . this can be achieved by withdrawing the plungers of each receiving syringe to a pre - selected volume as described , and standing each one on end with the nozzles facing upward , supported by a rack . therefore , it is understood that all of the receiving syringes may be sequentially filled with fluid , and then all of the receiving syringes may be fitted with hypodermic needles . it should be understood , of course , that the foregoing relates only to preferred embodiments of the present invention and that numerous modifications or alterations may be made therein without departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention . the invention will be described in greater detail by way of a specific example . the following example is offered for illustrative purposes , and is intended neither to limit nor define the invention in any manner . a distributing syringe was fitted with a 20 gauge hypodermic single lumen needle capable of penetrating a sealing septum of a liquid supply vial . the maximum capacity of the syringe was 30 cc . the distributing syringe was selected so that the volume of the liquid loaded into the syringe from the supply vial exceeded that of an individual receiving syringe . the distributing syringe pierced the septum of the vial and 20 cc of liquid was withdrawn into the distributing syringe . six receiving syringes were selected , each with a maximum liquid capacity of 5 cc . the plungers of the receiving syringes were withdrawn so as to adjust the variable volume region of each syringe to the final selected volume of liquid to be administered to an animal or human , 3 cc . the plungers were then further withdrawn , to increase the available capacity of each receiving syringe by an additional 0 . 02 cc to compensate for liquid necessary to fill the hypodermic needle to be attached thereto . the tip of the hypodermic needle of the distributing syringe was inserted through the nozzle and into the interior of , the receiving syringe so that the tip of the hypodermic needle touched the interior surface of the variable volume region of the receiving syringe to minimize the creation of air bubbles during transfer of the liquid . the plunger of the distributing syringe was slowly depressed , thereby transferring liquid from the distributing syringe to the interior variable volume region of the receiving syringe . sufficient liquid was transferred to fill the available volume within the receiving syringe . gas bubbles created within the interior of the receiving syringe were removed by back priming the distributing syringe . the hypodermic needle attached to the distributing syringe was slowly withdrawn from the nozzle of the receiving syringe . the hub of a 27 gauge hypodermic needle was then attached to the nozzle of the receiving syringe . the body of the syringe was inverted and tapped to dislodge any remaining gas bubbles , and the plunger depressed so that the receiving syringe contained only the predetermined volume of the liquid to be administered as a dose to a recipient animal or human . the transfer of fluid was repeated with the five additional syringes .
the present invention provides simple manual methods of filing a syringe , wherein the wastage of liquid is reduced , and the need to replace a damaged delivery needle is avoided . the methods of the present in invention comprise the filling of a distributing syringe with a liquid from a supply vial , placing the distributing syringe in communication with at least one receiving syringe , and transferring the liquid to the receiving syringe whereon the receiving syringe is filled . communication between the distributing syringe and the receiving syringe is preferably achieved by inserting the hypodermic needle of the distributing syringe into the nozzle of the receiving syringe . a multiplicity of syringes may be filled from one distributing syringe by repeating the steps of needle insertion and liquid transfer . a delivery needle is attached to each receiving syringe , which is then used to administer the liquid to an animal or human . a single distributing syringe avoids the use of a fresh supply vial for the charging of each receiving syringe , lessening the losses of excess volumes of the liquid that remain in the supply vials .