this is where the invention comes in . accordingly , one object of the invention is to provide an improved buffer which can be used for a trekking pole , walking stick or nordic walking pole and is suitable for a wide variety of different terrains . the task in particular is to provide a buffer for a pole , in particular for a trekking pole , walking stick or nordic walking pole , it being the case that the buffer , at its top end , has a fastening element for fastening on a pole shaft , e . g . in the form of a recess , and , at its bottom end , has a rolling surface , and that preferably the rolling surface is of essentially planar or only slightly convexly curved design ( if appropriate with hollow - like indents or depressions ) in a transverse direction , as seen in relation to the rolling movement , but in a longitudinal direction , perpendicularly thereto , is curved convexly such that , as the user of the pole is moving , it forms a rolling surface as the pole is pushed off an underlying surface . this object is preferably achieved in that the buffer consists of an elastomeric material , at least in the region of the rolling surface , and in that at least one elastically mounted , hard , essentially non - elastic retaining element is arranged in the elastomeric material . one finding of the invention is thus , to a certain extent , for the function of a tip to be performed by at least one retaining element which is mounted elastically in the elastomeric material . this means that the hard , non - elastic retaining element , for example made of metal and / or ceramic material , can engage in soft terrains and thus , in a manner similar to a classic pole tip , and is suitable for such soft terrains . however , the fact that the retaining element is mounted elastically in the elastomeric material results in a surprising effect when the pole is used on a hard underlying surface , namely that , by virtue of being embedded elastically , the retaining element does not transmit any hard impacts to the pole handle , and thus does not have any adverse effects on the locomotor apparatus , and that , furthermore , embedding the retaining element elastically means that there is essentially no unpleasant impact noise , which is unavoidable with conventional tips . the effect is therefore similar to that of a spike as is known from use in winter tires . the retaining element here has a hardness which preferably , on mohs &# 39 ; scale , is greater than 3 , in particular preferably greater than 4 or 5 , or even greater than 6 or 7 . the hardness specified relates here to that region of the retaining element which comes into contact with the terrain or penetrates into the same . those regions of the retaining element which do not come into contact with , or penetrate into , the terrain may readily have a lower level of hardness , and they can even consist of soft and partially elastic material , as long as it is ensured that they are secured to a sufficient extent in the material of the buffer . according to a first embodiment , the at least one elastically mounted retaining element projects , at least in part , beyond the rolling surface , typically by in the region of half a millimeter to 2 or 3 mm or more . the depth to which the retaining element is anchored in the buffer here is typically greater than the height which projects beyond the rolling surface . the rolling surface is preferably generally of asymmetrical design in that it is drawn upward at the front end ( that is to say in the walking direction ) and the rear end essentially forms a point . this results in ideal rolling behavior of the , for example , usually rather long poles used for nordic walking . according to a further embodiment , at least 2 , preferably at least 4 , at least 6 or at least 8 retaining elements are arranged on or in the rolling surface . the retaining elements are preferably spaced apart in the longitudinal direction , that is to say in the walking direction , it being possible for at least 2 or at least 3 or at least 4 retaining elements to be arranged in at least one row or to be offset in particular laterally in relation to one another in the longitudinal direction . this particular arrangement of the retaining elements proves to be extremely suitable in particular in conjunction with the specifically configured rolling surface , which is convex in the walking direction . this is because it is thus ensured that , throughout the movement sequence , there is always a retaining element in contact with the terrain . a further embodiment is distinguished in that at least 4 , preferably 6 or 8 retaining elements are provided , and in that the retaining elements are arranged in at least 2 transversely offset rows of correspondingly 2 , 3 or 4 retaining elements . the fact that various rows are offset laterally gives the additional advantage that , if the pole is set down at an angle or if the terrain is uneven , there are always retaining elements in contact with the terrain . particularly good suitability for a wide variety of different underlying surfaces can be achieved if , according to a further embodiment , the rolling surface , in addition , has a profile . in this case , preferably the at least one retaining element is arranged on at least one top cleat surface of the profile . the profile may have at least one , preferably central longitudinal channel and at least 2 , 3 or 4 transverse channels branching off symmetrically , in particular laterally , therefrom , and two rows of , for example , in each case four retaining elements running in the longitudinal direction may be arranged on the top cleat surfaces of the rolling surface , these cleat surfaces being formed by the channels . the buffer preferably consists entirely of a single piece of elastomeric material , in particular preferably of a possibly vulcanized natural and / or synthetic rubber , in particular preferably with a hardness of 20 to 80 shore a , preferably of 50 - 70 shore a , e . g . 55 - 64 shore a . use may be made , for example , of typical tire materials . according to another embodiment , the retaining element is designed in the form of a pin which has its first end embedded in the elastomeric material and has its second end projecting beyond the top of the rolling surface . preferably the region which projects at the second end is delimited from , and / or supported in relation to , the rolling surface by an in particular preferably encircling flange or collar . the second end typically projects beyond the top of the rolling surface by way of a height in the region of 0 . 05 - 5 mm , in particular preferably in the region of 1 - 2 mm . the collar preferably has a circular - ring width of 0 . 5 - 1 . 5 mm . the retaining element preferably has a particularly hard , in particular hardened , tip at its second end . the retaining element may have a single - piece anchoring element which , apart from a flange or collar ( the flange or collar may be formed integrally with the anchoring element or as an individual element ), is embedded in the elastomeric material , it being the case that , on its side which is directed toward the rolling surface , the anchoring element preferably has a recess in which a tip element , for example in the form of a metal pin , is incorporated and fastened . the anchoring element may consist , for example , of plastic , iron , steel , in particular stainless steel , brass , aluminum or other nonferrous metals . the tip element may consist , for example , of ceramic material , hardened metal , in particular hardened steel , sintered hard metals or other wear - resistant materials . the tip element may also be coated , using appropriate methods , with a wear - minimizing surface ( e . g . tin , ticn , etc .). according to a further embodiment , in the region which is embedded in the elastomeric material , the anchoring element preferably has anchoring elements , in particular preferably in the form of anchoring lamellae . preferably a plurality of encircling anchoring lamellae are provided , and these are of conical design in the direction away from the rolling surface and of stepped design in the direction toward the rolling surface . in the case of such a specific design , the anchoring element , or the retaining element as a whole , can be particularly straightforwardly introduced , or driven , into the buffer by the method described hereinbelow . a particularly straightforward design is possible if a single , elastically mounted , hard , non - elastic retaining element is arranged in the elastomeric material , this retaining element preferably projecting , at least in part , downward beyond the rolling surface . the retaining element here has an anchoring element which , preferably apart from a flange , is embedded in the elastomeric material , it being the case that , in the region which is embedded in the elastomeric material , the retaining element has anchoring means , in particular preferably in the form of anchoring lamellae . on its side which is directed toward the rolling surface , the anchoring element may have a recess in which a tip element is incorporated and fastened , as has been explained above . such a single retaining element is arranged centrally in particular preferably in the transverse direction . the buffer may additionally be provided with a specific flexibility , in particular when , as has been explained above , it consists entirely of a single piece of elastomeric material . this specific flexibility is possible by recesses being provided in the regions which may be of a softer structure . a particularly preferred region of this type is the front edge of the buffer . it is also advantageous , according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention , if , on its front edge , the buffer has a crosspiece formed by two laterally provided recesses , this crosspiece extending preferably over at least 10 %, in particular preferably over in the region of 20 - 40 %, of the overall length of the front edge . analogous measures may be taken in respect of the rear edge . in order to increase the grip of the buffer , in particular in soft material into which the buffer penetrates to a considerable extent , it is additionally possible to provide a profile laterally as well , rather than just in the downward direction on the rolling surface . according to a further preferred embodiment , it is thus possible to design the buffer with an asymmetric rolling surface in that it is drawn upward at the front end and the rear end essentially forms a point , and additionally to provide lateral protrusions which project laterally beyond the outer contour of the buffer and , correspondingly , allow better engagement in the material of the ground . in this case , preferably at least two , in particular preferably at least three , such lateral protrusions are provided on each side of the buffer . the present invention also relates to a trekking or nordic walking pole having a buffer as has been described above . the present invention additionally relates to a method of producing a buffer as has been described above . the method is characterized , in particular , in that the at least one retaining element is driven into the rolling surface , essentially perpendicular to the rolling surface , at the appropriate locations , for example onto the cleats of a profile , appropriate blind holes possibly having been formed beforehand by drilling , melting or burning or even having been molded in during the process for producing the preform . an alternative to this method consists in that the at least one retaining element is pushed into the rolling surface , essentially perpendicularly to the rolling surface , at the appropriate locations , in the process being pushed into , and adhesively bonded in , blind holes which are correspondingly formed by drilling or even during the process for producing the preform . the invention will be explained in more detail hereinbelow , with reference to exemplary embodiments , in conjunction with the drawings , in which : fig1 shows a lateral view of a pole with a buffer according to the invention ; fig2 shows a lateral view , in detail form , of a buffer without a pole shaft ; fig3 shows a plan view of the rolling surface as seen in direction r in fig2 ; fig4 a ) shows a lateral view according to fig1 , and b ) shows a section along line a - a in fig4 a ); fig5 shows a lateral view of a retaining element , partly in section ; and fig6 shows different views of a further buffer according to the invention , a ) showing a lateral view , b ) showing a perspective view from above of the rear top side , c ) showing a perspective view from beneath of the rolling surface , d ) showing a perspective view from beneath of the rear underside , e ) showing a view from behind , f ) showing a view from the front , g ) showing a view from beneath of the rolling surface along the pole axis , h ) showing a view from beneath of the rolling surface as seen obliquely from the front , and i ) showing a view from above . the figures , which should be used as an illustration of the invention and not for limiting the scope of protection as formulated in the patent claims , will now be used hereinbelow to describe exemplary embodiments . fig1 shows a nordic walking or trekking pole 1 in the bottom region , that is to say the region which is usually directed toward the ground 3 during usage . on the top side ( not illustrated ), such a pole usually has a handle with a hand strap by which the pole is gripped . the pole has a pole shaft 1 a , which may be , for example , an aluminum shaft and / or a fiber - reinforced plastic shaft . in the region of the bottom end , a buffer 2 is fastened on this pole shaft 1 a . for this purpose , the buffer 2 is provided , at its top end 4 , with a blind hole or a recess 10 ( see fig2 ), into which the pole shaft 1 a is pushed , and in which it is possibly even adhesively bonded in addition . the pole shaft 1 a here may have a shaft end which either has not undergone any further processing or is provided with additional elements ( in this case , for example a plastic sleeve may be provided in the recess , this sleeve being fastened on the pole and / or on the buffer integrally or via a force fit ); however , it is also possible for the bottom of the shaft tube 1 a to be provided with a tip , as is known for example from skiing or trekking , that is to say , in this case , the buffer 2 is pushed onto such a tip . the buffer 2 has a rolling surface 5 at its bottom end . this rolling surface 5 has a front end 6 and a rear end 7 , front and rear relating to the walking direction . in other words , the illustration in fig1 should be understood such that , as seen in the plane of the paper , a walker is walking from right to left and correspondingly , when the pole is set down essentially vertically , first of all the rolling surface is set down at the rear end 7 and , as the walker progresses , as a result of the increasingly left - hand leaning of the pole , the latter rolls on the rolling surface 5 until at the end , just before the pole is raised up , the rolling surface only rests on the ground 3 in the region of the front end 6 . the shape is optimized for movement insofar as a certain triangular structure , as seen from the side , is predetermined , of which the long leg , which is directed toward the rear , is formed essentially along the axis of the pole , the bottom point of this long leg being formed by the rear end 7 , and of which the bottom , short leg is formed convexly , in the direction of the ground , as the rolling surface , in which case the point which is directed toward the front is formed by the front end 6 of the rolling surface 5 . incorporated on the rolling surface 5 , or in this rolling surface 5 , are retaining elements 9 which project some way beyond the rolling surface in the direction of the ground . as can be seen from fig2 , these retaining elements are of pin - like design and a considerable part of each pin is incorporated in the material of the buffer 2 . the buffer 2 is produced from an elastomeric plastic material , for example from materials which are conventional in tire production , that is to say examples of suitable materials are vulcanized synthetic rubbers . such a buffer 2 may be produced by molding . it is also possible to produce the buffer from different materials , for example for it to be produced , in the region which is directed toward the top end , from a first , possibly even non - elastic , plastic material and , in the region of the rolling surface , for example with a height from 2 to 10 mm , from an elastomeric plastic material . such a buffer may be produced either by coextrusion , or two - component injection molding , or , for example , by virtue of the different materials being adhesively bonded . the essential factor is for the buffer always to consist of an elastomeric material in the region of the rolling surface since , otherwise , it is not possible for the retaining elements 9 to be mounted elastomerically according to the invention . in addition , the buffer 2 preferably has a profile 8 on the rolling surface 5 . this is easiest to see from fig3 , which represents a view as seen in direction r , as is illustrated in fig2 . in the case of the profile 8 , different channels 11 , 12 are provided in the elastomeric material . the cleats of the profile form between these channels , with a depth , for example , in the region of 1 - 4 mm . the cleats each have a top surface 13 , which is planar at least in certain sections and / or is of convex design in the longitudinal direction 21 . the retaining elements 9 are incorporated in these top surfaces 13 , or in the cleats located therebeneath . in conjunction with the typical movement sequence , it proves to be advantageous to provide a profile with a central longitudinal channel 12 , from which transverse channels 11 branch off laterally . this results in the formation of two rows of cleats which run parallel in the longitudinal direction and on the top surfaces of which the retaining elements 9 may be arranged in likewise two rows . in order to prevent wear in the peripheral region at the front end 6 and / or the rear end 7 , this region being subjected to particular loading , and or to prevent cleats from dropping out , it proves to be advantageous to allow the longitudinal channel 12 to run just over the central section , in which case the final cleats , as it were , are connected to one another at the ends 6 , 7 . the operation of embedding or fastening the retaining elements 9 in the buffer 2 will be explained in detail with the aid of fig4 . fig4 a shows a view analogous to the view of fig1 , although the longitudinal direction 21 and the section plane a - a , which is illustrated in fig4 b ) are indicated in addition . it can be seen here how the retaining elements 9 are incorporated in recesses or bores or holes 14 in the cleats . they project beyond the top of the rolling surface by way of a height h , which is typically in the region of 0 . 5 - 3 mm . a possible retaining element 9 is illustrated in detail in fig5 . the retaining element 9 may be formed in a single piece , but in this case it comprises two elements , namely an anchoring element 16 and a tip element 15 . the anchoring element 16 serves essentially to fasten the tip element 15 in the elastomeric material of the buffer 2 . it is of cylindrical design for this purpose and , on its side which is directed toward the buffer , it has a slightly conically tapering tip 20 , which makes it easier for such an element 9 to be introduced or driven in . also provided are anchoring lamellae 17 , which are intended to prevent the retaining element 9 from being “ worked out ” of the buffer under mechanical loading . in this respect , anchoring in elastomeric material is known to be problematic , and it has been found that barb - like lamellae 17 are particularly suitable for lasting fastening in such an environment . at its end which is directed toward the rolling surface 5 , the anchoring element 16 has a recess 19 in the form of a , for example , conically tapering blind hole , into which the tip element 15 can be introduced and fastened . fastening here can take place via force fitting , form fitting ( e . g . screw connection ), pressing or adhesive bonding or the like . in addition , the anchoring element 16 has a collar or flange 18 at its outermost end . this collar serves for preventing the retaining element 9 from sinking all the way into the elastomeric material under loading . the anchoring element 16 has a diameter d in the region of 1 - 3 mm . the collar has a thickness a in the region of 0 . 2 - 1 . 5 millimeters and an annular - ring width b in the region of 0 . 5 - 2 mm . furthermore , the anchoring element 16 has an anchoring depth t in the region of 1 - 15 mm or above , preferably of 2 - 7 mm or 5 - 10 mm . the anchoring element may be produced from metal , for example steel , iron , stainless steel , brass , aluminum or other nonferrous metals , in which case it may be produced by casting or machining . it is likewise possible to use plastic materials ( more lightweight ), for example polyethylene , polycarbonate , polypropylene , pvc , polyamide , etc ., it also being possible for such materials to be fiber - reinforced . anchoring elements made of such plastic materials may be produced , for example , by injection molding . the tip element 15 may be formed integrally with the anchoring element 16 , in which case it is then recommended to subject the tip element 15 to a special hardening process or coating process . however , as is illustrated in fig5 , the tip element 15 may preferably be designed as a separate element which is installed in the anchoring element 16 or connected thereto in some other way . the tip element may be , for example , a pin made of a preferably hardened material , e . g . of metal such as hardened steel , sintered hard metals or other wear - resistant materials . the tip element may also be coated , using appropriate methods , with a wear - minimizing surface ( e . g . tin , ticn , etc .). it is also possible , however , to provide tips made of ceramic material . such a tip element 15 normally has a diameter d in the region of 1 - 2 . 5 mm . a further exemplary embodiment of a buffer 2 is illustrated in fig6 . the buffer has retaining elements 9 , as described above , and it is produced entirely from a single piece of elastomeric material . at its top end 4 , it has a recess 10 , into which the pole shaft ( not illustrated ) can be pushed . on the underside , the buffer 2 has an asymmetric rolling surface 5 , and six retaining elements 9 are arranged , essentially in two rows , in the elastic rolling surface 5 . in accordance with the slightly lenticular shape of the rolling surface , as can be seen in particular in fig6 h ), these two rows , rather than being parallel , are arranged to follow this lens shape such that the retaining elements 9 arranged at the front end 6 are close together and the spacing between the retaining elements becomes gradually greater in the direction of the rear end 7 . in this case , the rolling surface 5 likewise has a profile , but the profile only has transverse channels 11 provided in zigzag form . the buffer according to fig6 is , in particular , additionally characterized in that in the region of the rolling surface 5 , in addition to having a profile in the direction of the underside , it additionally has a lateral profile , provided in the form of lateral protrusions 26 . these lateral protrusions 26 , which may also be formed by corresponding incisions in the outer contour ( which are then , in particular preferably , oriented in the same direction as the transverse channels 11 ), result in the buffer , for example when it penetrates into soft ground material , being anchored to better effect in this ground material in the walking direction . these lateral protrusions 26 are preferably arranged symmetrically on both sides and , as in the present case , 2 or 3 such protrusions are provided on each side . a further special feature of the embodiment according to fig6 is that in the region of the front edge , that is to say above the front end 6 , tapered portions or elongate recesses 23 are provided on both sides . a kind of crosspiece 24 or a web remains between these recesses 23 . this configuration of the buffer means that , when it rests on the ground at the front end of the rolling surface ( that is to say at the end of the rolling movement ), the buffer is softer since , in the region of the front edge , it is essentially only the narrow elastic crosspiece 24 which is capable of absorbing the forces . this softer configuration in the front region means that , when the pole is pushed off the ground , a more elastic , and thus more pleasant , behavior is achieved , and that the level of noise produced when retaining elements 9 strike against hard ground is not as high . similar tapered portions to achieve specific flexibility of the buffer are also possible , and may be expedient , in other regions . the crosspiece 24 may also be configured in an exchangeable manner . it is thus possible to use , depending on requirements , for example different crosspieces with different damping behaviors ( for example indicated on the different crosspieces by different colors ; different damping behaviors can be set , for example , by different materials being selected ). in addition , it is also possible , although this is not illustrated in the figures , to provide just a single retaining element 9 , as described in detail above , that is to say with one flange and one tip element 15 incorporated , in the rolling surface of such an asymmetric buffer , in particular along the central axis of the buffer , as seen in the walking direction . such a design is particularly straightforward and , nevertheless , has the advantages according to the invention . such a retaining element 9 can also be driven retrospectively into an existing buffer . it can also be seen from fig6 e ) and i ) that it is possible for the inside of the recess 10 to be specially configured in order to ensure that a buffer can also be removed from a pole tip again without any unreasonable level of effort being required . this is because , in particular in the case of an entirely elastomeric buffer , it is normally the case that the latter adheres to the pole in the manner of a suction cup such that it is very difficult to remove . this can be prevented , for example , in that , as is illustrated in fig6 , the cylindrical inner surface is provided with channels or grooves running in the longitudinal direction of the pole or of the recess . these channels or grooves preferably run over the entire depth of the recess , but they may also be formed just in certain sections . it is likewise possible for a similar effect to be ensured by protuberances or similar protrusions .
the invention describes a buffer for a stick , in particular for a walking stick or a trekking or nordic - walking pole . the buffer has means for being attached to a stick tube , in particular in the form of a recess , at its upper end and a rolling surface at its lower end . in this case , the rolling surface is of substantially flat or only slightly convex design in a transverse direction in relation to the rolling motion but in a longitudinal direction which is perpendicular thereto is convexly curved in such a way that it forms a rolling surface on a base surface during the pushing - off movement with the stick when the user of the stick moves . in the case of a buffer of this type , an excellent degree of suitability and adhesive action for a very wide variety of base surfaces and at the same time quiet and problem - free use on hard base surfaces can be achieved by the buffer being formed from an elastomeric material at least in the region of the rolling surface , and by at least one elastically mounted , hard , inelastic retaining element being arranged in the elastomeric material .