a wound is the disruption of the anatomic structure and its function in any part of the body . while healing is the restoration of that structure and function and it is a continuum of complex interrelated processes involving different type of cells , growth factors extra - cellular matrix etc . wound healing process is impaired in certain cases resulting in unhealed wounds . the reason for delayed or unhealed wound can be impaired wound healing process , health and nutritional condition of the patient , age , oxygen supply to the wound site etc . in the last few decades , many different kinds of therapies have been developed to promote faster healing of wounds . latest being tissue engineered ‘ skin graft ’, low level light therapy and photodynamic therapy ( pdt ). photodynamic therapy ( pdt ) using light source has been shown to enhance wound repair . the present invention provides a suitable pdt method and collagen or biological based supporting matrix embedded with suitably formulated photosensitizers ( liposome , pegylation etc ) to improve healing process . this method can be applied to effectively treat burn injuries , to repair damaged cartilage surface within the knee and the repair to the surface of the vascular damages , vascular venous and arterial ulcers , fail sutures or secondary cicatrisation and to reduce skin imperfection like scars , winkles and other cosmetic condition . the term collagen used includes auto , allo , synthetic and semi - synthetic collagen examples which includes chondro - gide ®, chondrocell ®, bio - gide ®, gentacoll , kollagen resorb ( resorba gmbh ) and collagen fibrils ( collagen matrix inc )] kollagen resorb . this collagen is used based on the type of injury being treated . the word photosensitizer , as used herein , includes photosensitizing agents , photosensitizing delivery systems , and photosensitizer derivatives from a parent structure or a prodrug selected from the group consisting of : porphyrin , porphyrinogen , hematoporphyrin , pheophorbide , chlorin , bacteriochlorin , iso - bacteriochlorin and dihydro - and tetrahydro - tetrapyrroles . in one of the embodiment of this invention a collagen based or other biodegradable supporting tissue matrix is placed at the wound site or injected under the skin . this supporting matrix has dermal component similar to the natural human skin . the photosensitizer ( ps ) is loaded into a liposome to ensure controlled drug delivery at the site , this ps loaded liposomes are impregnated in the tissue matrix . in addition to this , the tissue matrix also consists of important growth factors like epidermal growth factor , platelet derived growth factor , tissues angiogenesis growth factor and cytokines , keratinocytes and also fibroblasts to fasten the healing process . the gfs and cytokines control key cellular activities including cell division , differentiation and tissue repair . in this invention different types of collagen sponges like gentacoll , kollagen resorb ( resorba gmbh ) and collagen fibrils ( collagen matrix inc )] where used with pdt for healing different types of wound and to improve cosmetic appearance of the skin surface . in case of wrinkle reduction on face and neck region injectable formulation of collagen is required for best cosmetic effect . collagen is injected through tiny needle just below the surface of the skin to smooth wrinkles . examples of injectable collagen are zyplast and zyderm ( produced by inamed aesthetics inc . usa ). zyplast and zyderm is derived from collagen of cow skin . furthermore , a variety of hyaluronic acid , a non - animal stabilized hyaluronic acid , can also be used as collagen is used above to correct wrinkle , scars and other skin deformities for aesthetic purpose . hyaluronic acid is a substance found naturally in the human body . it is hydrophilic in nature , hence acts as a sponge to absorb water and provide long lasting results when used as filler with low risk of allergic reaction . fig2 and 3 give the macro and microscopic pictures of thermic stability in the collagen and collagen with liposome loaded mthpc when exposed to different energy levels . the collagen stability was tested for a range of energy levels ( 0 to 200 j / cm 2 ), fig2 and 3 illustrates in - vitro experimental results of collagen stability at different energy levels . it was noticed in the experiments that collagen structure is not changed at high light dose . thus it was shown that this collagen material can be used even at higher light doses without affecting / damaging the collagen structure . zyplast and zyderm has been used to remove wrinkle , scares , deep furrows and other skin irregularities but there effect last only for a period of 3 - 6 months . in the present invention collagen matrix is used in combination with pdt to improve cosmetic effect and also their durability . the pdt stimulates natural collagen producing cell in the region , and achieve the fact that the engrafted collagen incorporate the skin &# 39 ; s collagen , it itself explains its bigger durability in one of the embodiment , this invention is used for skin resurfacing and for cosmetic reasons which includes correction of contour deformities , winkles reduction , acne scare , pits , surgically induced irregularities and other soft - tissue defects . as a result of aging dermis loses collagen and elastin over the time , as the result of which skin gets thinner and uneven resulting in wrinkles . wrinkles can be just fine lines or deep furrows on the skin . other factors promoting wrinkles are smoking , sun damage ( photo aging ), dryness and loss of moisture , skin color ( light colored skin are more prone to develop wrinkles ), and heredity etc . in further embodiment of this invention laser / non - laser light source is used with pdt and collagen matrix . after administering pdt and collagen to the wound site , laser light of 980 nm is used for biostimulating the treated area for hastening the healing and reducing the scar formation . laser light 980 is used too for to fill first to edema and after to increase the collagen matrix when is apply directly in the sub cutaneous cellular tissue using a 200μ fiber optic with low power and high shoot duration , beside the 980 nm external use with a fiber with micro lent point reduce too the fines per oculars wrinkles in their first stages . 18 balb c mice were used for the study . selected mice were narcotized and a small cut was inflicted in the neck region . three treatment groups were are set up : in the first treatment group a 5 × 5 mm piece of collagen saturated with liposomal formulation of mthpc is implanted under the skin . after 30 min of incubation the area is irradiated with light at 652 nm at 10 j / cm 2 after which the region is covered with catgut and hansaplast plaster spray . in second group 50 μl liposomal formulation of mthpc is injected subcutaneously and is incubated for 30 min followed by irradiating with light at 652 nm at 10 j / cm 2 followed by implanting non - treated collagen material under the skin opened by small cut . after which the region is covered and protected . third group is the control where in the mice wound is treated using collagen and laser irradiation with no liposomal formulation of mthpc . collagen products used in this treatment includes gentacoll , kollagen resorbs and collagen fibrils . in all the treatment groups 2 mice each is treated , for , each of these collagen products . the treated mice were kept under observation to record the progress in wound healing . the progress in the wound healing process was recorded after 24 hours , 48 hours , 5 and 12 days . it was noticed that all mice in treatment group 2 showed very good response with slight inflammation and wound was healed well ; with all animals being vital in the group . while mice in treatment group 1 had shown strong redness and inflammation with hair loss in the treated area but the wound healing process was good by 12 days with hair growing back in the areas if treatment . control group 3 showed very strong inflammatory action with redness and strong swelling in the initial period of treatment . all mice treated with collagen fibrils showed best biocompatibility compared to other collagen products used . fig1 show the biopsy results of the treated mice after 14 days for the three groups with three different collagen products used . when the wound was pretreated with liposomal formulation of mthpc enhanced vascularisation was observed . “ further variation of this invention is to treat atherosclerotic vascular disease . atherosclerotic vascular disease represents one of the major health problems in the world ; atherosclerosis is abnormal thickening and hardening of the arteries caused by deposit of fatty acid on inner lining of blood vessels forming atheromatous plaque . in the present invention photosensitizers are targeted at atheromatous plaque followed by irradiation with light energy of suitable wavelength to initiate cytotoxcity effect on abnormal proliferating smooth muscle cells and control microbial growth in lesion .” the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples , but is not limited thereby . the wounded region is cleaned and irrigated with sterile or saline water to remove the cell debris , necrotic and damaged cells , and cell exudates and to decrease the bacterial infection . debridement of chronic wounds needs to be done often as the non - viable cells and dead cells need to be removed to prevent bacterial infection and promote granulation tissue formation , thus accelerating the healing process . after initial cleaning of the wound bed with aseptic solution the collagen based supporting matrix is applied to the wound bed . after certain time interval the site is irradiated with suitable wave length to photoactivate photosensitizers . the wound bed is kept free of microbial infection thus hastening the healing process . using collagen material and liposomal formulation of mthpc to reduce wrinkle and scares overtime and with exposure to environmental factors skins begins to age and the collagen producing cell in the skin called fibroblast gradually reduces in number . the visible effect is thinning of skin and appearance of lines and wrinkles . cut appropriate piece of the collagen sponge or take out the needed amount of collagen fibrils which is saturated with liposomal formulation of mthpc of required concentration ( 1 . 5 ng / ml mthpc ). such a pre - treated collagen material is placed in the area to be treated by making small cut in the skin with the help of a scalpel . after 30 minutes of incubation the area is irradiated with light energy of 10 j / cm 2 ( 100 mw / cm 2 ). the pdt treated area is then covered with surgical dressing . the collagen matrix will promote cell growth thus correcting the soft tissue contour deficiencies such as wrinkle and acne scares . in this case of periodontal disease , bacteria coating the tooth ( plaque ) attacked the substance that holds the tooth in place : the supporting tissue around the tooth has been broken down , the tissue which surrounds the root and the surrounding bone have been destroyed . this region is treated with liposomal formulated mthpc and collagen matrix ; after the incubation period the region is irradiated with light energy of 10 j / cm 2 . the new collagen matrix is well accepted and yields good cosmetic results . pdt effect in this invention is also beneficial for killing sub - gingival bacteria in the region as well thus fasten the healing in the region . to remove the scare , wrinkles and other skin imperfection especially in face and neck region for cosmetic purpose : in such cases foslip is injected into the treat region subcutaneously , followed by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation and final injecting zyplast under the skin to smooth the wrinkles . zyplast ® ( inamed aesthetics inc .) is a form of injectable collagen that is cross linked with chemical glutaraldehyde , or the foslip is incorporated previously mixed with zyplast bone and cartilage injury can also be treated using this invention , the collagen based materils like chondro - gide ®, chondrocell ® can be used along with liposomal formulated mthpc and pdt to help grow the worn out or broken cartilage and bones . in another embodiment of this invention laser light of 980 nm is used post pdt period at the treated area for photomodulation . cell activity is modified using light sources . the adipose tissue first is suctioned of giber area and prepared to graft in the sulcus or soft tissue deformities after is annexed the foslip ( final tissue concentration between 1 . 5 to 3 ng / g of fat graft tissue ) then is ready to fill the area and finally in 24 hours make tea light activation . it is an autologous fat injection . a portion of the fat tissue behaves as a graft and the rest is destroyed and incorporated like collagen matrix to the treatment area . the pdt action helps the good collagen matrix incorporation basically by maintaining the extra cellular matrix equilibrium thus improving new collagen formation this invention is not limited in its application to only examples specified in the above example , but also includes dental application , cardiovascular , wound healing and cosmetic application . one dental application is the treatment of periodontal pockets . having described preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings , it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise embodiments , and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims .
innovative non - surgical methods and compositions are provided for administering pdt to promote tissue regeneration or augmentation while minimizing scarring and risk of infection . among several areas of application , is the treatment of acute and chronic wounds which have afflicted epidermal and connective tissue layers of the body . another application area is as cosmetic surgery / treatments , including : reducing wrinkles , sulcus , scars , sequelae cellulite , as well as for other skin irregularities , to give a smoother skin surface . this invention consists of a collagen based or other suitable biodegradable supporting matrix which is embedded with a liposomal loaded photosensitizer . in one embodiment of this invention a liposomal formulated photosensitizer is first injected at the site followed by collagen implantation and pdt treatment . in another embodiment a liposomal formulated photosensitizer is incorporated in the collagen . generally 30 minutes after collagen is mixed with photosensitizer the light activation is done . the matrix may also carry important growth factors and cytokines , which promote fibroblast cell migration and proliferation , to the wound site . microbial infection at the wound site can also be controlled by antibacterial pdt .