it can be seen that the object of this invention , to provide an agent for controlling the level of imps at a cell surface , has many potential applications for modulating the response of a cell to its environment . this invention includes an agent which functions so as to affect the mechanisms by which imps are carried to the surface of a cell , as evidenced in the examples , e . g . example 1 and 2 . such an agent must accomplish three discrete functions , the first two of which are known in the art . firstly , it must bind to a cell surface structure ( the binding site ). it must then enter into the cytosol of the cell . the entry of molecules into the cell is known to occur by a process of endocytosis . however , as only certain cell surface binding sites are known to be involved in endocytosis , only these binding sites are suitable as targets . once taken into the cell by endocytosis the agent must then leave the resulting endosome across the endosomal membrane to enter the cytosol . the ability to achieve specific cell binding and entry of agents into the cytosol is well known in the literature ( for example : pastan , i ; willingham , mc ; & amp ; fitzgerald , d s p , 1986 , cell 47 , 641 - 648 , olsnes , s ; sandvig , k ; petersen , o w ; & amp ; van dews , b , 1989 , immunol . today 10 , 291 - 295 , strom , t b ; anderson , p l ; rubin - kelley , v e ; williams , d p ; kiyokawa , t ; & amp ; murphy , j r ; 1991 , ann ny acad . sci 636 , 233 - 250 ). the third function of the agent is the surprising finding of this invention , namely the ability to affect the rmv . the further surprising aspect of this agent is that by so affecting the rmv it limits its ability to transport the imps to the cell surface . the agent of the invention therefore comprises the following functional domains ; domain b , the binding domain , binds the agent to a binding site on the target cell capable of undergoing endocytosis to produce an endosome containing the agent domain t , the translocation domain , translocates the agent or part of the agent from within the endosome across the endosomal membrane into the cytosol of the cell . domain e , the effector domain , inhibits transport of imps to the surface of the cell by rmvs . domain b can be made to have specificity for a target cell type . the ability to target an agent to a particular cell type is well known in the art . thus , the functions of domain b could be achieved by the use of one of many cell - binding molecules known in the art including , but not limited to , antibodies , monoclonal antibodies , antibody fragments ( fab , f ( ab )′ 2 , fv , single chain antibodies , etc . ), hormones , cytokines , growth factors and lectins . the functions of domain t could be achieved by molecules capable of forming appropriate pores within the endosomal membrane . it is well documented that certain parts of toxin molecules are capable of forming such pores including , amongst others , fragments of anthrax toxin , botulinum toxin , tetanus toxin , diphtheria toxin and pseudomonas endotoxin ( hoch , d h ; romero - mira , m ; ehrlich , b e ; finkelstein , a ; das gupta , b r ; & amp ; simpson , l l ; 1985 pnas 82 1692 - 1696 , olsnes , s ; stenmark , h ; moskaug , j o ; mcgill , s ; madshus , i h ; & amp ; sandvig , k , 1990 , microbial pathogenesis 8 163 - 168 ). one such molecule is the heavy chain of clostridial neurotoxins for example botulinum neurotoxin type a . preferably it has been found to use only those portions of the toxin molecule capable of pore - forming within the endosomal membrane . the functions of domain e , the inhibition of the ability to transport the imps to the surface of the cell are not known to the art . surprisingly , it has been found that different portions of certain toxin molecules - functionally distinct from those capable of pore - formation , including fragments of clostridial neurotoxins , such as either botulinum or tetanus toxins , when introduced into the cytoplasm of target cells are capable of inhibiting the transport of the imps in rmvs to the surface of the cell , so reducing the concentration of those imps at the cell surface . in particular , it has been found that fragments of tetanus toxin and botulinum types a , b , c 1 , d , e , f and g are particularly suitable . an example of such a molecule is that portion of a clostridial neurotoxin known as the h 2 l fragment , in which the neuronal targeting activity of the carboxyterminal half of the heavy chain of the toxin has been removed , leaving the amino terminal half disulphide - linked to the light chain . another example would be the light chain of a clostridial neurotoxin such as the light chain of the botulinum neurotoxin type b , in particular those portions of the molecule which have zn ++ dependent metalloprotease activity . the domains are covalently linked by linkages which may include appropriate spacer regions between the domains . in one embodiment of the invention domain b is a binding molecule capable of binding to a binding site on the target cell which undergoes endocytosis , domain t is the heavy chain of a botulinum neurotoxin or fragments thereof and domain e is the light chain of a botulinum neurotoxin or fragments thereof . domains t and e can be from the same or different serotypes of c . botulinum . in another embodiment of the invention domain b is a binding molecule capable of binding to a binding site on the target cell which undergoes endocytosis , domain t is the heavy chain of a tetanus neurotoxin or fragments thereof and domain e is the light chain of a botulinum neurotoxin or fragments thereof . in another embodiment of the invention domain b is a binding molecule capable of binding to a binding site on the target cell which undergoes endocytosis , domain t is the heavy chain of a botulinum neurotoxin or fragments thereof and domain e is the light chain of a tetanus neurotoxin or fragments thereof . in another embodiment of the invention domain b is a binding molecule capable of binding to a binding site on the target cell which undergoes endocytosis , domain t is the heavy chain of a tetanus neurotoxin or fragments thereof and domain e is the light chain of a tetanus neurotoxin or fragments thereof . it is to be understood that this invention includes any combination of toxin molecules or fragments of toxin molecules from the same or different organisms which have the functions described . when the agent is administered to an organism the concentration of imps at the surface of the target cell is reduced . this can lead to a number of desired effects including reduced intake of a metabolite or ion into or across the cell , reduction in response of the target cell to a signalling molecule , or change in the immune response of the organism . 3t3 - li fibroblasts are trypsinized into suspension and are electroporated at 300v / cm , 960 mf with a time constant of 11 - 11 . 5 msecs , using a bio - rad gene pulser with capacitance extender , in the presence or absence of 1 mm botulinum neurotoxin - b ( bont - b ). following electroporation the cells are allowed to adhere and are maintained in monolayer culture at 37 ° c . in 24 - well plates for 72 h . the cells are then washed and incubated for 5 min at 37 ° c . in the presence or absence of 5 nm insulin - like growth factor type 1 ( igf - 1 ), followed by standing on ice for 5 min . the supernatant is aspirated from the cells and replaced with ice - cold 1 . 5 nm 125 i - transferrin ( sp . act . 47 tbq / mmol ). non - specific binding is estimated in parallel incubations performed in the presence of a 100 fold molar excess of non - radioactive transferrin . after 2 h the supernatant is removed , and following 3 washes with ice - cold buffer the cell layer is digested in 1n naoh , and the bound 125 i - transferrin measured using a lkb1275 minigamma gamma counter . up - regulation of transferrin - binding is calculated as the specific 125 i - transferrin binding in the presence of igf - 1 expressed as a percentage of the specific binding in the absence of igf - 1 . table 1 shows that there is a reduced elevation of 125 i - transferrin binding in response to igf - 1 in bont - b treated cells compared to control . this indicates that introduction of bont - b into the cytosol of 3t3 - li fibroblasts inhibits the igf - 1 stimulated up - regulation of transferrin receptors in these cells . triton - x - 114 - soluble proteins extracted from the 3t3 - li fibroblasts digests are analyzed by western blotting using a polyclonal antibody raised against a peptide sequence seq . id . 1 : ( qqtqaqvdevvd1mrvnvdkvlerdqklselddradalqagasqfetsaaklk rkywwk nlk ) identified in a secretory vesicle protein of neurosecretory cells . this anti - vesicle antibody shows reduced reactivity with the relevant doublet band in samples from bont - b - treated fibroblasts , which have no reported neurosecretory activity . thus , bont - b is modifying vesicle ( presumably rmv ) structure in 3t3 - li fibroblasts concurrently with inhibiting up - regulation of transferrin receptors . 3t3 - li fibroblasts are electroporated in the presence or absence of 0 . 5 mm botulinum neurotoxin - a ( bont - a ) using conditions identical to those given in example 1 . igf - 1 stimulation of 125 i - transferrin binding is assayed in treated and untreated cells as described in example 1 . the results in table 2 show that bont - a treatment of 3t3 - li fibroblasts abolishes the up regulation of 125 i - transferrin binding seen in response to igf - 1 . this indicates that introduction of bont - a into the cytosol of 3t3 - li fibroblasts inhibits the igf - 1 stimulated up - regulation of transferrin receptors in these cells . 3t3 - li fibroblasts are electroporated in the presence or absence of 0 . 5 mm of the h 2 l - fragment of bont - a ( h 2 l - a ) using conditions identical to those given in example 1 . this fragment is produced from the neurotoxin , serotype a , of c botulinum by limited proteolysis using tosylphenylalaninechloromethane - treated trypsin . the h 2 l complex is then purified by chromatography on sephadex g - 200 ( shone , c c ; hambleton , p ; & amp ; melling , j ; 1985 , eur j biochem 151 , 17 - 82 ). electroporation is performed as described in example 1 as is the measurement igf - 1 stimulation of 125 i - transferrin binding in treated and untreated cells . the results in table 3 show that h 2 l - a treatment of 3t3 - li fibroblasts inhibits the up - regulation of 125 i - transferrin binding seen in response to igf - 1 . this indicates that introduction of the h 2 l - a fragment of botulinum neurotoxin - a into the cytosol of 3t3 - li fibroblast inhibits the igf - 1 stimulated up - regulation of transferrin receptors in these cells . 3t3 - li adipocytes are differentiated from 3t3 - li fibroblasts by treatment with dexamethasone , 3 - isobutyl - 1 - methylxanthine and insulin as described ( frost , s c & amp ; lane m d , 1985 , j biol chem 260 , 2646 - 2652 ). the 3t3 - li adipocytes 7 days after differentiation are treated with botulinum neurotoxin serotype a diluted into dulbecco &# 39 ; s modified eagles medium containing serum and filter sterilized ( final concentration bont a : 200 nm ). toxin treated and control cells are incubated at 37 ° c . for 45 hours in 8 % co 2 , the cells are then washed twice and incubated in 8 % co 2 for 2 hours in serum - free dulbecco &# 39 ; s modified eagle &# 39 ; s medium after which the cells are washed in krebs ringer phosphate and incubated in either krebs ringer phosphate ( basal uptake ) or krebs ringer phosphate containing 100 nm insulin ( stimulated uptake ) for 15 minutes at 37 ° c . glucose uptake is initiated by the addition of [ 3 h ) 2 - deoxyglucose ( 14 . 2 kbq , 10 um glucose ). after 10 minutes at 37 ° c . the reaction is stopped by aspiration of the glucose solution and rapid washing with ice cold phosphate buffered saline . cells are lysed by the addition of 0 . 2n naoh and the solution neutralized by the addition of 0 . 2n hcl . uptake of [ 3 h ) 2 - deoxyglucose is measured by liquid scintillation counting in optiphase scintillant using a wallac 1410 liquid scintillation counter . it is known that clostridial neurotoxins are able to enter certain neurosecretory cells ( for example pc12 cells ) via a low affinity receptor if high concentrations of the neurotoxin are incubated with the cells for prolonged periods . this process appears to use a pathway via a receptor which is distinct from the highly specific and high affinity receptor present at the neuromuscular junction . additionally it has been reported that certain clostridial toxins have effects on phagocytic cells , such as macrophages , where entry into the cell is presumed to be via the specific phagocytic activity of these cells . generally , it is recognized , however , that the neuronal selectivity of clostridial neurotoxins is a result of a very selective binding and cell entry mechanism . it is , therefore , the surprising finding of these studies , that incubation of 3t3 - li adipocytes with botulinum neurotoxin - a , as described , causes a marked inhibition of insulin - stimulated up - regulation of [ 3 hj 2 - deoxyglucose transport ( table 4 ). it is known that insulin - up regulation of glucose transport in adipocytes is a result of movement of glucose transporter proteins from intracellular pools ( rmvs ) to the cell surface . thus , this result demonstrates that botulinum neurotoxin - a inhibits the insulin - stimulated movement of glucose transporters in rmvs to the cell surface of adipocytes . 3t3 - li adipocytes are trypsinised and a suspension of the cells is electroporated in the presence or absence of botulinum b ( 0 . 32 mm ). a 960 mf capacitor is used for electroporation producing a pulse strength of 300 v / cm ; the time constant is 11 - 12 ms . after electroporation the cells are washed and plated out in a 6 well plate with media and serum . the cells are incubated at 37 ° c . in a humidified atmosphere ( air / co 2 ; 92 . 5 %/ 7 . 5 %) for 72 h . at the end of this period , the cells are washed and extracted into 0 . 1n naoh . following neutralization of the extract with 0 . 1n hcl the membrane proteins are partitioned into triton x - 114 and subsequently analyzed by western blotting using the anti - vesicle antibody described in example 1 . the surprising finding of this study is that electroporation of botulinum neurotoxin into the cytosol of adipocytes results in a modification of vesicle ( presumably rmv ) structure as evidenced by reduced reactivity of the antibody with the relevant doublet band on samples from botulinum neurotoxin - b treated cells . in this example , an agent is synthesized to regulate the cell surface expression of the insulin - dependent glucose transporter of adipocytes . the binding domain ( b ) for the agent in this example is insulin - like growth factor ii , which is purified from the conditioned medium of brl - 3a cells as described ( marquette , h ; todaro , g j ; henderson , l e & amp ; oroszlan , s , 1981 , j biol . chem 256 2122 - 2125 ). the translocating domain ( t ) is prepared from the neurotoxin , serotype a , of c . botulinum by limited proteolysis of the neurotoxin with tosylphenylalaninechloromethane - treated trypsin . the fraction containing domain t is then purified by chromatography on sephadex g - 200 ( shone , c c ; hambleton , p ; & amp ; melling , j ; 1985 , eur . j . biochem . 151 , 75 - 82 ). this fraction is then applied in phosphate / borate buffer , ph 8 . 4 onto a quaternary aminoethyl - sephadex column , and incubated on the column at 4 ° c . overnight with 2m urea and 0 . 1m dithiothreitol . the column is then washed with buffer containing 2m urea and 10 mm dithiothreitol . domain t is then eluted using phosphate / borate buffer containing 2m urea and 10 mm dithiothreitol and a stepwise gradient of nacl from 0 . 1 to 0 . 2m ( poulain , b ; wadsworth , j d f ; maisey , e a ; shone , c c ; melling , j ; tauc , l ; & amp ; dolly , j o , 1989 , eur . j . biochem . 185 , 197 - 203 ). the clostridial neurotoxins are disulphide - linked dichain proteins consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain ( simpson , l l , 1986 , ann . rev . pharmicol . toxicol . 26 , 427 - 453 ). it should be noted that the domain t , produced in the manner given , is equivalent to a fraction of the heavy chain of the neurotoxin referred to as h 2 . the effector domain ( e ) is prepared from the neurotoxin of c . tetani by isoelectric focusing in a sucrose gradient with ampholyte under reducing conditions in 2m urea ( weller , u ; dauzenroth , m - e ; meyer zu heringdorf , d & amp ; habermann , e , 1989 , eur . j . biochem ., 182 , 649 - 656 ). it should be noted that the domain e produced in the manner given is equivalent to the light chain of the neurotoxin , commonly referred to as lc . domains e and t are mixed together in equimolar proportions under reducing conditions and covalently coupled by repeated dialysis , at 4 ° c . with agitation , into physiological salt solution in the absence of reducing reagents . any remaining free sulphydryls are derivatized by the addition of 150 mm iodoacetamide for 30 min at 4 ° c . in the dark . the conjugated e - t product is purified by size exclusion chromatography on sephadex g - 150 using potassium phosphate buffer , ph 7 . 0 . finally , domain b is coupled to the e - t complex using n - succinimidyl 3 -( 2pyridylothio ) proprionate ( spdp ). the e - t complex ( 5 mg ) is dissolved in 1 ml of phosphate buffered saline ( pbs ), and to this is added 200 mg of spdp dissolved in 0 . 5 ml of absolute ethanol . after reacting the mixture at room temperature for 30 mins , the 2 - pyridyldisulphide - substituted peptide is separated from excess spdp by gel filtration through sephadex g25 . domain b is similarly treated , but using less spdp ( 20 mg in 0 . 2 ml ethanol ). the substituted domain b is again harvested from a sephadex g25 column , and is then reduced by the addition of dithiothreitol to a final concentration of 0 . 05m . excess reducing agent is removed by gel filtration on sephadex g25 . equal portions ( w / w ) of the substituted e - t complex and the substituted and reduced domain b are then mixed together and left at 4 ° c . for 18 h . the agent is then purified by chromatography on sephadex g - 150 using potassium phosphate buffer , ph 7 . 0 . the agent , prepared as described , is then tested for its ability to inhibit the insulin - stimulated increase in glucose transporter expression in 3t3 - li adipocytes . 3t3 - li adipocytes are differentiated from 3t3 - li fibroblasts by treatment with dexamethasone , 3 - isobutyl - 1 - methylxanthine and insulin as described ( frost , s c & amp ; lane m d , 1985 , j biol chem 260 , 2646 - 2652 ), and are used between 8 and 12 days after initiation of differentiation . cells are incubated with or without the agent for 90 min at 37 ° c . cells are then incubated for 2 hours in serum - free dulbecco &# 39 ; s modified eagle &# 39 ; s medium at the beginning of each experiment . insulin - treated cells are then exposed for 10 minutes to 10 − 7 m insulin which is added from a stock 1 . 6 × 10 − 4 m solution . after treatment as described above the cells are washed quickly with krebs - ringer phosphate at 37 ° c . and the uptake of [ 3 h ] 2 - deoxyglucose ( 14 . 2 kbq ; 10 mm ) in krebs ringer phosphate at 37 ° c . with or without 10 − 7 m insulin over a 10 minute period is then measured . the reaction is stopped by aspiration of the glucose solution and rapid washing with ice cold phosphate buffered saline . cells are lysed by the addition of 0 . 2m sodium hydroxide and the solution is neutralized by the addition of 0 . 2m hydrocholoric acid prior to scintillation counting in optiphase scintillant using a wallac 1410 liquid scintillation counter . in another example of the invention domains e and t are produced from the same serotype of botulinum neurotoxin and are produced already coupled together . the neurotoxin , serotype a , of c . botulinum is subjected to limited proteolysis using tosylphenylalaninechloromethane - treated trypsin . the e - t complex is then purified by chromatography on sephadex g - 200 ( shone , c c ; hambleton , p ; & amp ; melling , j 1985 , eur . j . biochem . 151 , 75 - 82 ). it should be noted that this fragment is equivalent to that referred to as the h 2 l fragment . any remaining free sulphydryls are derivatized by the addition of 150 mm iodoacetamide as described in example 6 . the binding domain ( b ) is insulin - like growth factor ii prepared as described in example 6 , and coupled to the e - t complex using spdp as described . the activity of the agent on the expression of insulin - dependent glucose transport in adipocytes is tested as described in example 6 . in another example of the invention , an agent for the regulation of the cell surface expression of the cr1 receptor for complement fragment c3b in neutrophils ( cd 35 ) is synthesized in the following manner . the b domain is prepared from the shcl3 monoclonal antibody to the leukocyte adhesion molecule p150 , 95 . the e and t domains are prepared from botulinum neurotoxin , serotype a , ready coupled , as described in example 7 , and are coupled to domain b , as described in that example . the preferred method for testing the activity of the agent on neutrophil cell surface expression of cr1 ( cd35 ) is using the whole blood lysing technique . edta anticoagulated whole blood from normal donors is treated with the agent for 4 hours and then activated for 30 minutes at 37 ° c . using 10 − 6 m fmet - leu - phe diluted in pbs from a stock of 10 − 2 m made up in dmso . control cells are incubated with pbs . the blood is then incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature with 10 ml of phycoerythrin conjugated monoclonal antibody anticd3 5 ( serotec : mca 554pe ), red blood cells are lysed using becton dickinson lysing fluid , leukocytes washed with pbs and resuspended in 2 % formaldehyde in pbs . suface bound pe is analyzed by flow cytometry using a facscan ( becton dickinson ) equipped with lysys ii software . in another example of the invention , an agent for the regulation of the cell surface expression of the leukocyte adhesion molecule mac - 1 ( cd iib ) is synthesized in the following manner . the b domain is prepared from the shcl3 monoclonal antibody to the leukocyte adhesion molecule p15o , 95 by standard methodologies using pepsin , and is purified by gel filtration ( martin , f j ; hubbell , w l ; and papahadjopoulos , d , 1981 , biochemistry 20 , 4229 - 4238 ). the e and t domains are prepared from botulinum neurotoxin , serotype a , ready coupled , as described in example 7 , and are coupled to domain b as described in that example . the preferred method for testing the activity of the agent on neutrophil cell surface expression of mac - 1 ( cd11b ) is using the whole blood lysing technique . edta anticoagulated whole blood from normal donors is treated with the agent for 4 hours at 37 ° c . and then activated for 30 minutes at 37 ° c . using 10 − 6 m fmet - leu - phe diluted in pbs from a stock of 10 − 2 m made up in dmso . control cells are incubated with pbs . the blood is then incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature with 10 ml of fluoroscein isothiocyanate conjugated monoclonal antibody anticd11b ( serotec : mca 551f ). the red blood cells are lysed using becton dickinson lysing fluid , the leukocytes washed with pbs and resuspended in 2 % formaldehyde in pbs . surface bound fitc is analyzed by flow cytometry using a facscan ( becton dickinson ) equipped with lysys ii software . in another example of the invention , an agent for the regulation of the cell surface content of na ± channels in the apical membrane of bladder epithelium is synthesized in the following manner . the b domain is prepared from a high affinity monoclonal antibody to a cell surface marker of bladder epithelial cells by standard methodology using pepsin , and is purified by gel filtration ( martin , f j ; hubbell , w l ; and papahadjopoulos , d , 1981 , biochemistry 20 , 4229 - 4238 ). the e and t domains are prepared from botulinum neurotoxin , serotype a , ready coupled , as described in example 7 , and are coupled to domain b as described in that example . the effect of the agent on aldosterone - stimulated increases in amiloride - sensitive na + - channels is tested using urinary epithelial cells . bladder epithelial cells , prepared as primary cultures from rat bladder ( johnson , m d ; bryan , g t ; reznikoff , c a ; 1985 ; j . urol 133 , 1076 - 1081 ), are incubated with or without the agent for 90 mins at 37 ° c . aldosterone - treated cells are then exposed for 1 h to aldosterone . after treatment as described , the cells are rapidly washed and the amiloride - sensitive uptake of 22na + over a 5 min incubation at 37 ° c . is measured . in another example of the invention , an agent for regulating antigen - presentation by b - cells is synthesized in the following manner . the b domain is prepared from the pan b cell monoclonal antibody ll2 using standard methodology using pepsin , and is purified by gel filtration ( martin , f j ; hubbell , w l & amp ; papahadjopoulos , d , 1981 , biochemistry , 20 , 4229 - 4238 ). the e and t domains are prepared from botulinum neurotoxin , serotype at ready coupled , as described in example 3 , and are coupled to domain b also as described in that example . the effect of the agent on antigen - presentation is tested using the murine b lymphoma cell - line ta3 . these cells are first incubated with the agent for 90 mins at 37 ° c ., and then hen egg lysozyme ( hel ) is added and the incubation continued for 2 h at 37 ° c . the ta3 cells are then fixed and washed before culture with the i - a k - restricted hel46 - 61 specific t - cell hybridoma 3a9 ( lorenz , r g & amp ; allen , p m , 1989 , nature 337 , 560 ). the supernatant from the 3a9 cells is tested for its ability to support growth of the il - 2 - dependent cell line , ctll . proliferative responses are measured by the incorporation of 3 h - thymidine over a 3 h period following 2 days of culture with the supernatant . the examples described above are purely illustrative of the invention . it should be clear to those skilled in the art that any combination of the three domains are within the scope of this invention . in synthesising the agent the coupling of the t - e component of the invention to the targeting component is achieved via chemical coupling using reagents and techniques known to those skilled in the art . thus , although the examples given use exclusively the spdp coupling reagent any other coupling reagent capable of covalently attaching the targeting component of the reagent and known to those skilled in the art is covered in the scope of this application . similarly it is evident to those skilled in the art that either the dna coding for either the entire agent or fragments of the agent could be readily constructed and , when expressed in an appropriate organism , could be used to produce the agent or fragments of the agent . such genetic constructs of the agent of the invention obtained by techniques known to those skilled in the art are also covered in the scope of this invention . the agent described in this invention can be used in vivo either directly or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester in a method of treatment for a variety of pathophysiological states . for example , one form of the agent can be used in a method of treatment for glucose metabolism disorders by limiting the uptake of glucose by certain cells . a specific example of this would be the use of a form of the agent in a method of treatment for clinical obesity by limiting the uptake of glucose by adipose cells and hence reducing accumulation of lipid in these cells . in another example a form of the agent can be used in a method of treatment for hypertension by regulating the ion uptake by kidney cells and hence controlling the output of fluid from these organs . in yet another example a form of the agent can be used in a method of treatment for inflammation by controlling the response of target cells to external signals which trigger the inflammatory response . in yet another example a form of the agent can be used in a method of treatment for immune disorders by controlling the presentation of peptide sequences by antigen presenting cells to the effector cells of the immune system . the results are the means ± sem of triplicate determinations and are given as the total dpm taken up by the cell monolayer during a 10 min incubation .
this invention describes a novel agent for the targeted control of a mammalian cell activity , in particular the agent is used to control the interaction of particular cell types with their external environment . the agent has applications as a pharmaceutical for the treatment of a variety of disorders . an agent according to the invention comprises three domains b , t and e linked together in the following manner : domain b - domain t - domain e where domain b is the binding domain which binds the agent to a binding site on the cell which undergoes endocytosis to produce an endosome , domain t is the translation domain which translocates the agent from within the endosome across the endosomal membrane into the cytosol of the cell , domain e is the effector domain which inhibits the ability of the recyclable membrane vesicles to transport the integral membrane proteins to the surface of the cell .