the basic pitting apparatus is of conventional construction and its operation will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art . the construction and operation will , therefore , not be described in great detail other than to set the environment for the invention . referring now to the figures and particularly to fig1 and 2 , the conventional pitting assembly comprises two basic parts , a rotary mounted drum assembly 10 and a needle carrying or punch assembly 12 . the drum assembly 10 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 14 and has on its outer periphery a plurality of recesses 16 . as the drum passes along a fruit supply hopper 18 , the individual fruits fall into the recesses and are carried upwardly on the drum below the punch assembly . each recess has a small hole in its lower portion opening into the inside of the drum where the fruit pit is forced during pitting operations . the punch assembly 12 is mounted in a conventional fashion for reciprocal movement toward and away from the drum and has a plate portion 22 adapted to carry a plurality of pitting needles 20 . one needle is provided for each recess 16 in an individual row of recesses in the drum 10 . as shown in fig2 several rows of fruit carrying recesses and needles 20 may be aligned at one time . when the fruit carrying recesses are aligned with a row of needles 20 , the drum stops its rotation , and the punch assembly is automatically actuated in a conventional manner . the individual needles pass through the fruit pushing the pit out of the fruit through the hole in the bottom of the recess and into the drum where it may be disposed in a conventional manner . occasionally , a stone or other foreign object will position itself in a recess and the needle while being forced therein will bend or break . the improvements of this invention , also shown in schematic form in fig1 and 2 , comprise an improved pitting needle 20 to be described more fully hereinafter , a manifold assembly 24 , a regulated fluid pressure supply 66 , and a pressure sensor 28 . referring specifically to fig3 through 8 , the improved pitting needle 20 of the invention comprises two basic parts , the tip or pitting section 32 and the shank or mounting section 34 . the pitting tip 32 is of a conventional configuration having fluted portions 36 extending to a plurality of chisel - like , sharpened ends 38 which are provided for cutting through the fruit and pushing the pit therethrough . the shank section 34 is circular and has a fluid passageway 40 passing through its entire length . a plurality of radial outlet ports 42 are provided transverse to the length of the shank and are spaced approximately 90 ° to each other around the outer diameter . the outlet ports 42 communicate with the passageway 40 passing through the shank . the passageway 40 , through at least a portion of its length 43 ( fig6 ) is machined for a pressed fit with the needle section . fig5 is a view of the end of the pitting tip 32 opposite the sharpened chisel ends 38 . the end 46 is machined to have an outer diameter corresponding closely to the inner diameter 43 of the shank section for a pressed fit therewith . a series of radial grooves 48 , 50 , 52 and 54 are formed around the outer diameter . a radial outlet port 56 is provided through the wider groove 50 which communicate with an axially extending passageway 58 in the machined end 46 of the tip . passageway 58 , as illustrated , extends to and opens at the flute - removed extremity of tip 32 . fig7 shows the two sections of the needle assembly pressed together in the normal pitting position . as shown , the machined end 46 of the tip 32 is pressed fit into the machined opening 43 in the hollow shank sections 34 . alternately , the sections may be staked together in either assembly . a series of o rings 60 are provided in the radial grooves 48 , 52 , and 54 to provide a tight seal between the two sections . it should be noted that in this position , the outlet ports 56 and 42 in the tip 32 and shank 34 , respectively are isolated from each other by the o rings . if during the pitting operations , the needle tip section should strike a foreign object , the press fit is such that the tip 32 will telescope into the shank section as shown in fig8 . upon such occurrence , the outlet ports 42 and 56 will become axially aligned through groove 50 . a pressure source applied to the end of the shank section at the necked down section 41 will be released through passageways 40 , 43 , 58 , and finally through the aligned outlet ports 42 and 56 to the atmosphere . referring again to fig1 each needle is shown connected by flexible tubing 62 to a manifold assembly 24 which may be mounted on or adjacent the plate 22 of the pitting machine . a source of pressure from an air supply 67 is connected through a regulator 66 to the manifold 24 where it is applied to each individual pitting needle assembly through the flexible tubing 62 . the regulated pressure source is ideally maintained at approximately 20 psi . a pressure sensing switch 28 is connected to the approximaate center of the mainfold 24 and serves to sense the presence or absence of pressure therein . the switch is of a conventional mechanical type having electrical contacts therein which , in the absence of pressure are opened , and in the presence of pressure are held in a closed position . the switch may be connected in series with the electrical system for the pitting machine or alternately may be used to activate a relay suitably connected in the electrical system . the range of actuation may be adjusted , and it has been found most desirable to have the switch open when the pressure differential in the manifold changes approximately 0 . 6 psi . when a needle breaks or if the outlet ports become aligned due to the presence of a foreign object in the recesses 16 of the drum 10 , the pressure in the manifold drops extremely rapidly and as described above , the machine is rendered inoperative or an alarm is sounded . the operator may quickly glance at the needles and replace the collapsed or broken one eliminating any chance that some fruit will be passed unpitted . a second embodiment of a pitting needle is illustrated in cross section in fig9 . the pitting tip section 32 and the shank section 34 are the same as that illustrated in connection with the first embodiment except insofar as the mode of connection of the two sections is concerned . in this second embodiment , the two sections are pressed together at a reduced diameter junction 70 . the shank section 34 is hollow and is machined to form a reduced diameter section 71 at the end thereof . the reduced diameter junction provides a weakened portion of the needle assembly . consequently , if the needle strikes a non - yielding object , breakage will occur at the junction . the hollow center provides a port 72 into the center of the junction . the tip section 32 is provided with an opening 74 adapted to receive the reduced diameter shank in a press fit . when the pitting needle strikes an object , the needle will break away at this reduced diameter junction 70 , thereby exposing the port 72 in the shank section 34 to the atmosphere . as in the first embodiment this exposure may be detected by the pressure sensor through the manifold and utilized in a circuit to render the machine inoperative . reference is now made to fig1 which illustrates a third embodiment of the invention . a plate portion 22 which is mounted for reciprocal movement by the pitting machine , has a plurality of vertical bores 80 , only one of which is shown in fig1 for purposes of simplicity . each bore 80 releasably retains a pitting needle 84 having an upper shank 86 which fits into the bore 80 . a marking 88 can be provided on the shank 86 as an indication of the depth to which the shank is positioned within the bore 80 . the needle 84 is otherwise of conventional size and shape having the conventional sharpend ends at the bottoms thereof . a set screw 90 is provided in a lateral threaded bore in the plate 22 in adjusted position to secure the shank 86 in the bore 80 with a predetermined force . a top plate 82 is mounted securely on the plate portion 22 through suitable means such as screws ( not shown ) and mounts a plug 94 at the top end of the bore 80 . a piezoelectric crystal 95 or other suitable pressure sensitive electrical means is mounted on the plug 94 and is coupled to an electrical system through leads 96 . the electrical system can contain a relay , for example , operated by the flow of current through the crystal 95 . in the event of a given current flow through the crystal 92 , the relay can be actuated to shut down the machine and / or activate an audible alarm . in normal operation , the pitting needle is retained in the position illustrated in fig1 . if the pitting needle strikes a stone or other foreign object , the needle will be driven up against the piezoelectric crystal 92 . this pressure of the top of the shank 86 against the piezoelectric crystal will be sensed by the electrical system and responsive thereto the pitting machine will be stopped . in addition an alarm may be sounded responsive thereto . the electrical system can be any conventional system which electrically senses the pressure against the piezoelectric crystal 92 and , in the event that the pressure against the crystal 92 is increased , to shut down the machine and / or to generate an alarm signal responsive thereto . reference is now made to fig1 which illustrates a fourth embodiment of the invention . in this figure like numerals have been used to designate like parts . a plate portion 22 has a bore 80 for receiving the shank 86 of a pitting needle 84 . markings 88 on the shank 86 can be provided to illustrate the depth to which the shank is inserted into the bore 80 . a set screw 90 is provided in a threaded bore of the plate portion 22 to retail the shank 96 in the bore 80 with a predetermined force . a top plate 82 mounts an insulated plug 102 having a central contact member 100 projecting into the bore 80 . the contact member 100 is insulated from the top plate 82 by the insulated plug 102 . a lead 106 connects the contact member 100 with an electrical system having an alarm associated therewith . a second lead 104 is connected to the plate portion 22 . the leads 104 , 106 can be coupled to a relay ( not shown ) or other suitable current sensing means to shut down the machine when current flows through leads 104 and 106 . in operation of the fourth embodiment illustrated in fig1 , the needle is reciprocated by the plate portion 22 with the needle normally assuming the position shown in fig1 with the set screw 90 retaining the shank 86 and the bore 80 with a predetermined force . an electrical potential is applied between leads 104 and 106 . the electrical system is provided with means for detecting a current flow between leads 104 and 106 . in the event that the pitting needle strikes a stone or other foreign object , the needle 84 will be driven upwardly with the shank 86 moving up to contact the contact member 100 , thereby completing the circuit between lead 104 and contact member 100 . the electrical system thereafter senses the flow of current through the circuit thus created and , responsive thereto , shuts down the machine and / or sounds an alarm signal . reference is now made to fig1 for a fifth embodiment of the invention , in which figure like numerals are used to designate like parts . a plate portion 22 has a bore 80 which mounts the shaft 120 of a pitting needle 118 . a set screw 90 is provided in a threaded bore in plate portion 22 to retain the shank 120 within the bore 80 with a predetermined force . a top plate 82 &# 39 ; is secured to the plate portion 82 and closes off the top end of the bore 80 thus providing a stop . the plate portion 22 has a pressure bore 110 extending from an edge of the plate portion into the bore 80 . a vent bore 112 is provided diametrically opposite the bore 110 and provides a vent to the atmosphere for the bore 80 . a fluid pressure line 114 , connected to a source of fluid pressure , ( not shown ) is connected to the pressure bore 110 through a coupling member 116 . the pitting needle 118 has a conventional bottom portion with sharpened ends . the shank 120 can contain markings 128 at a bottom portion to indicate the depth to which the shank 120 is inserted into the bore 80 . the shank contains a pair of o ring seals 122 and 124 which are normally positioned at either axial end of the pressure bore 110 and the vent bore 112 . a circular groove 126 is provide beneath the o ring seal 122 for communication with the pressure bore 110 and the vent bore 112 in the event that the pitting needle 118 is moved upwardly within the bore 80 to the point where the top of the shank 120 contacts the top plate 82 . in operation of the embodiment illustrated in fig1 , the pitting needle is secured into the bore 80 of the plate portion 22 with the set screw 90 retaining the shank 120 therein with a predetermined force . if the pitting needle strikes a stone or other foreign object , the needle will be driven upwardly with the top portion of the shank 120 coming to rest against the top plate 82 &# 39 ;. in this position , the circular groove 126 will be positioned adjacent to the pressure bore 110 so that the pressure therein is vented around the circular groove 126 and through the vent bore 112 . the pitting apparatus is provided with a manifold , pressure sensor and electrical system and alarm in the same fashion as is provided for the first and second embodiment and illustrated in fig1 above . upon movement of the pitting needle to vent the pressure in pressure bore 110 , the pressure sensor will detect a drop in the pressure and will accordingly signal an electrical system to shut down the machine and / or set off an audible alarm . it may , therefore , be readily appreciated that this invention provides a novel pitting needle and malfunction detector for use with automated pitting machinery . the invention is relatively simple in construction , inexpensive , and is readily adapted for use with existing pitting machines . while the preferred embodiment of this invention has been illustrated in detail , it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications thereof may be made without departing from the concepts disclosed herein . such modifications are to be considered as included in the following claims unless these claims by their language expressly state otherwise .
this invention relates to a pitting needle and malfunction detector for use in automatic fruit pitting machinery . the needle has a bottom portion which is releasably fixed with respect to a holder . movement of the bottom portion with respect to the holder as , for example , when a foreign object is struck , is sensed and , as a result thereof , an alarm is sensed and / or the machinery is stopped . in one embodiment , the needles are made in two parts and movement of one part with respect to the other is detected by a pressure sensor which is electrically connected to a power supply for the machinery to render it inoperative . in another embodiment , the needle is made in one part and the shank of the needle is releasably mounted in a holder bar which contains electrical , electro - mechanical , or pneumatic sensing means to detect movement of the needle with respect to the holder bar .