embodiments of the presently disclosed intravaginal slingplasty ( ivs ) tunneling device will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings wherein like numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views . as is common in the art , the term proximal refers to that part or component closer to the user or operator , i . e . surgeon or physician , while the term distal refers to that part or component further away from the user . referring now to fig1 , there is disclosed one embodiment of an illuminated intravaginal slingplasty ( ivs ) tunneling device 10 for use in inserting a tape or suture within the body of a patient . tunneling device 10 generally includes an outer assembly 12 and a stylet 14 movably positioned within outer assembly 12 . at least a portion of stylet 14 is formed of a light transmissive material . outer assembly 12 includes an elongate tubular member 16 and a handle 18 formed adjacent a proximal end 20 of elongate tubular member 16 . handle 18 can take various shapes . in one embodiment , handle 18 is formed with a delta wing shape . in the illustrated embodiment , a distal tip 22 of stylet 14 extends from a distal end 24 of elongate tubular member 16 and is formed of a light transmissive material . distal tip 22 has a diameter that is greater than , or equal to , the inner diameter of elongate tubular member 16 such that distal tip 22 cannot be retracted within elongate tubular member 16 . a proximal end 26 of stylet 14 extends out of proximal end 20 of elongate tubular member 16 . in one embodiment , a loop 28 is formed at proximal end 26 of stylet 14 for receipt of a tape or suture . loop 28 is dimensioned to be freely movable through elongate tubular member 16 . as shown in fig1 , elongate tubular member 16 includes a relatively straight proximal portion 30 , a distal portion 32 , and an arcuate portion 34 . the radius of arcuate portion 34 can be constant or variable depending upon the application of tunneling device 10 . distal portion 32 can be either straight or arcuate . furthermore , the plane defined by proximal portion 30 , distal portion 32 and arcuate portion 34 can be oriented at various angles relative to the plane defined by handle 18 . referring now to fig2 , stylet 14 includes a relatively straight proximal portion 36 , a distal portion 38 and an intermediate portion 40 . stylet 14 is formed of a flexible material and , as noted above , at least a portion of stylet 14 , including distal tip 22 is formed of a light transmissive material . in one embodiment , a portion 46 of distal tip 22 may be coated to block the transmission of light through coated portion 46 of distal tip 22 . in a particular embodiment , coated portion 46 is formed on the surface of distal tip 22 facing the outside arc of curvature of stylet 14 . by coating portion 46 of distal tip 22 , the orientation of tunneling instrument 10 within the body can be verified by observing the intensity of the light through the abdominal wall . for example , if tunneling instrument 10 is not in the proper orientation , coated portion 46 will block the transmission of light and will give the operator immediate visual feedback that tunneling instrument 10 is not properly oriented within the body and maybe traversing an undesired path through the body . by observing the intensity of the light emitted through tip portion 22 , the operator can reorient tunneling instrument 10 to its proper position . stylet 14 can be formed such that intermediate portion 40 has an arcuate configuration . however , stylet 14 is sufficiently flexible such that it will pass through arcuate portion 34 of elongate tubular member 16 even if formed entirely straight . to assemble outer assembly 12 and stylet 14 , proximal end 26 of stylet 14 is inserted through an opening 42 in distal end 24 of elongate tubular member 16 and advanced through elongate tubular member 16 until proximal end 26 exits an opening 44 in proximal end 20 of elongate tubular member 16 . as noted above , the diameter of distal tip 22 of stylet 14 is equal to or greater than the inner diameter of elongate tubular member 16 such that tip 22 abuts distal end 24 . referring now to fig3 and 5 , a port or light guide 48 extends through handle 18 and elongate tubular member 16 . light guide 48 is provided to receive an external source of light and communicate that light through handle 18 and into an interior of elongate tubular member 16 , such that the light thus transmitted is directed to stylet 14 to illuminate distal tip 22 of stylet 14 . in one embodiment , light guide 48 is formed as an integral part of elongate tubular member 16 . in this embodiment , it would be advantageous to form all of stylet 14 of a light transmissive material . referring now to fig6 , there is disclosed an alternative light guide 50 . light guide 50 generally includes a port 52 , similar to light guide 48 , and an inner tubular member 54 that is dimensioned to be positioned within elongate tubular member 16 . further , inner tubular member 54 is also dimensioned to freely receive stylet 14 there through . light guide 50 can be formed as an integral part of tunneling device 10 or can be configured to be removable . port 52 is in optical communication with the interior of inner tubular member 54 . inner tubular member 54 includes a distal portion 56 that extends partially or wholly to opening 42 of elongate tubular member 16 . inner tubular member 54 further includes a proximal portion 58 that extends proximally to opening 44 of elongate tubular member 16 . in order to illuminate stylet 16 positioned within light guide 50 , an external source of light may be provided to port 52 or a proximal end of proximal portion 58 . in this embodiment , all or part of stylet 14 can be formed of a light transmissive material . however , it is desirable that at least distal tip 22 be formed of a light transmissive material . referring to fig4 , in a further embodiment , tunneling device 10 is formed with a self - contained light source 60 . light source 60 generally includes a source of power , such as , for example , a battery 62 and a source of light 64 ( not explicitly shown ) that is configured to illuminate the inside of elongate tubular member 16 and , therefore , distal tip 22 of stylet 14 . light source 64 can take various forms , such as , for example , a conventional bulb , an led light source , etc . referring to fig7 and 8 , the use of illuminated tunneling device 10 to perform a intravaginal slingplasty ( ivs ) procedure will now be described . tunneling device 10 is prepared as described hereinabove with stylet 14 inserted into elongate tubular member 16 . a first free end of a tape or suture ( not explicitly shown ) is inserted through loop 28 at a proximal end of stylet 14 . an external source of light is connected to light guide port 48 or port 52 and turned on to illuminate the interior of the elongate tubular member 16 . in the various manners described hereinabove , this illuminates distal tip 22 . alternatively , where tunneling device 10 is provided with a self - contained light source 60 , light source 60 will be turned on prior to insertion in the body . initially , an incision ( iv ) is formed through the vaginal wall . distal tip 22 of tunneling device 10 is inserted into the vaginal cavity such that distal tip 22 is positioned adjacent the incision . notably , the supplied light illuminates distal tip 22 such that the light emitted therefrom can be used to identify the location of the vaginal incision . this significantly improves the ability of the operator to insert tunneling device 10 through the vaginal incision quickly and efficiently . once distal tip 22 has passed through the vaginal incision , tunneling device 10 is manipulated to pass along one side of the urethra ( u ) and into the abdominal space . once in position , distal tip 22 can be moved along the surface of the pubic bone ( pb ) such that the pubic bone ( pb ) acts as a guide to advance tunneling device 10 adjacent the abdominal wall ( aw ). referring now to fig8 , as distal tip 22 is advanced toward the abdominal wall ( aw ), the light emitted by distal tip 22 will be visible to an unaided naked eye of the user . by being able to view the light emitted by distal tip 22 from external of the abdominal wall , the proper location for the abdominal incision can be determined . this is particularly significant in patients with significant fat deposits in the abdominal wall , which preclude the location of distal tip 22 by the usual palpation means . further , depending upon the intensity of the light emitted by distal tip 22 , the entire path of distal tip 22 from the vaginal incision , through the retropubic space , and to a position located beneath the abdominal wall can be tracked . in the particular embodiment where a portion of distal tip 22 is coated to block light , the proper orientation of tunneling device 10 , as it is being passed through the body , can be maintained in a manner described hereinabove . once the abdominal incision has been made , distal tip 22 is grasped and stylet 14 is pulled through elongate tubular member 16 to draw the tape attached to loop 28 through elongate tubular member 16 and out through the abdominal incision . thereafter , outer assembly 12 is removed back through the intravaginal incision leaving the second free end of the tape extending through the vaginal canal . tunneling device 10 is then used in a second procedure to loop the tape about the urethra ( u ) such that the second free end of the tape passes through a second abdominal incision ( not shown ). this procedure may be accomplished in one of several ways as best described in u . s . pat . no . 5 , 112 , 344 . the proper tension of the tape may be adjusted while the patient attempts to void . the tape may thereafter be secured subcutaneously and the abdominal incisions closed . additionally , the vaginal incision is also suture closed . the tape may be left implanted in the body or may be removed after a sufficient period of time has elapsed allowing scar tissue to aid in supporting the urethra ( u ). various modifications may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein . for example , the distal end of the elongate tubular member may be provided with a light transmissive portion or coating to facilitate placement of the tunneling device within the body . further , the sources of light , and the manner in which the light is conducted to the distal tip of the stylet , can assume other configurations other than a single light port at a distal end of the instrument . additionally , be disclosed illuminated tunneling device may be used in procedures other than intravaginal slingplasty procedures , including those where it would be advantageous to illuminate the entrance of the device into the body and monitor the passage of the device through the body . therefore , the above description should not be construed as limiting , but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments . those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto .
a tunneling device is provided to assist in passing a suture or tape into a body . the tunneling device includes an outer assembly and an inner member or stylet , having a light transmissive distal tip , positioned within the outer assembly . the outer assembly is provided with a light port or guide to transmit light towards the distal tip of the stylet . the disclosed illuminated tunneling device is particularly adapted for use in an intravaginal slingplasty procedure . the illuminated tunneling device can be provided with an external source of light or may include an integral self - contained source of light . additionally , a light guide , or light tube , may be formed integral with the outer tubular member or may be provided as a separate element .