as shown in fig1 , an exemplary heater device 10 preferably includes a substrate 12 that extends along substrate axis s a of a predetermined and desired length and width . the specific dimensions of the substrate may be selected based on the dimensions of a thermal suture welding device with which the heater device 10 may be used . in typical embodiments , the dimensions are in the range suitable for use with an endoscopic surgical device . the substrate 12 may be manufactured from any substantially non - conductive materials , such as a non - conductive ceramic or a polyimide . the substrate 12 is formed into a predetermined shape and size , and includes concave grooves 14 a , 14 b at the respective ends of the substrate 12 along the substrate axis s a . concave grooves 14 a and 14 b extend orthogonal to the substrate axis s a . the grooves 14 a , 14 b preferably are shaped to receive wires 16 a , 16 b , respectively , at least partially therewithin . preferably , the size and shape of the concave recesses 14 a , 14 b are shaped such that a wire 16 a , 16 b positioned therein is securely coupled against the walls therein . as shown in fig1 , the surface of the substrate 12 preferably is planar to receive a joinder layer 20 thereupon , thus forming a heater support surface 18 . in some embodiments , the heater support surface 18 is concave shaped to be positioned against a convex receiving surface to be welded or heated . in yet another embodiment , the support surface 18 may be convex , as may be required for a specific use . as shown in fig1 , an electrically conductive joinder layer 20 is disposed on the heater support surface 18 . in one embodiment , the joinder layer 20 is a layer of a tungsten alloy , such as titanium tungsten , having a thickness of 300 - 500 angstroms . in this embodiment , the joinder layer 20 is applied using thin film fabrication technology , such as sputter deposition . such sputter application of the joinder layer 20 creates a primarily mechanical bond between the joinder layer 20 and the adjacent heater support surface 18 . electrically conductive layers l extend from each of grooves 14 a and 14 b to a respective end of the heater 22 . the electrically conductive layer extends at least partially into the recesses 14 a , 14 b . next , the heater element 22 , which may be in the form of a layer of conductive material , such as a metallic element , is applied using deposition technology . in this embodiment of heater 22 , the layer or element is gold with thickness in the range of 200 - 3000 angstroms thick , preferably about 2500 angstroms thick , and also forms a primarily mechanical bond between the heater 22 and the joinder layer 20 . in an alternative embodiment , the joinder layer 18 may be disposed on the heater support surface 18 surface using a thick film technology . in this embodiment , the joinder layer 20 is disposed on the substrate by mixing conductive materials , such as a metal , with a joinder material . this mixture then is applied on the heater support surface 18 . the conductive materials may include any conductive , elemental metal materials , including without limitation gold , silver , and titanium . the joinder materials may include epoxy , and polyimide , or any other material that can be mixed with the conductive metals and mechanically or otherwise applied securely on the joinder layer 20 . the mixture of elemental metal materials and joinder material is applied mechanically to the joinder layer 20 , such as by spraying , brushing , and drip coating . this joinder material is cured using an appropriate curing methodology as is well known to those skilled in the art . in an embodiment , the joinder material is heat cured at a time and temperature determined by the components of the joinder material , and as known to those skilled in the relevant art . in this embodiment , the heater element 22 is the same as the joinder layer 20 due to the presence of the metallic ( conductive ) material combined with a resistive ( epoxy ) material . an aspect of the heater device 10 is that the electrically conductive layers l extend into the grooves 14 a , 14 b a sufficient distance to allow for an electrical wire 16 a , 16 b to make contact with that layer . in one embodiment , and as shown in fig1 , the wires 16 a , 16 b are positioned within the grooves 14 a , 14 b in such a manner as to create , at least in part , an interference fit . alternatively , or in addition to the interference fit the wires 16 a , 16 b may be held in place within the grooves 14 a , 14 b by means of a thermal compression weld . it is preferable that the contact between the wires and joinder layer be a solderless contact to avoid any disruption to current flow and to increase the reliability of the contact between the wires and the joinder layer . in an alternative embodiment , as shown in fig2 , the electrical wires 16 a , 16 b are positioned orthogonal and adjacent to the grooves 14 a , 15 b , along the side of the substrate 12 opposite the heater 22 . in this embodiment , the electrically conductive layers l extend completely through , or are integral with the grooves 14 a , 14 b so that electrical contact is made between the electrically conductive layers l and the wires 16 a , 16 b . in an alternate embodiment , and as shown in fig3 , the substrate 12 does not include grooves . two wires 16 a , 16 b are positioned along the bottom side of the substrate 12 , and substantially orthogonal to the substrate axis s a . as in the embodiment of fig2 , the electrically conductive layers l extend along the ends of the substrate or are integral with the substrate in such a manner as to enable electrical contact between the wires 16 a , 16 b and electrically conductive layers l . in yet another embodiment , the grooves 14 a , 14 b may be coated with an electrically conductive material , such a metallic material , that enables electrical current to pass from the electrical wires 16 a , 16 b , through such metallic material and to the electrically conductive layers l . in the embodiment of fig3 , the metallic material may be located adjacent the wires 16 a , 16 b and extending either through the substrate or along a portion of the substrate from the wires to the electrically conductive layers l . in this embodiment , the electrical wires 16 a , 16 b may be bonded to the electrically conductive layers l or the metallic material in a solderless bond . note that , in some embodiments such as that shown in fig3 , the current passing from the wires 16 a , 16 b , through heater 22 may travel along a path limited to the outer surfaces of substrate 12 , and not through the substrate 12 . as illustrated , the heater element 22 preferably is coupled to the joinder layer 20 such that the heater element axis h a is parallel with the substrate axis s a . the heater element 22 includes an electrical contact at least at each end of the heater element 22 along its axis h a , such that current can pass from the electrically conductive layers l through the heater element 22 . preferably , the heater element 22 is a resistive temperature device ( rtd ) having resistivity which varies monotonically with temperature over a predetermined temperature range or operating range . the heater element 22 may be coupled to the joinder layer 20 using a chemical , molecular , or mechanical bond , other bonding means generally available in the art . the current coming in through the wires 16 a , 16 b may be varied by used of a heater controller 24 attached to one end of each wire 16 a , 16 b . in some embodiments , the heater controller 24 is responsive to an input signal representative of a desired temperature t d set by a user . in that embodiment , the heater controller 24 applies a voltage across wires 16 a , 16 b , driving a current through the heater 22 . when the predetermined current passes through the heater element 22 , it effects resistive losses in the heater element 22 causing the heater to reach a temperature t . preferably the heater controller 24 is responsive , in a closed loop manner to detected resistance of the heater element 24 , to adjustably control the current and maintain the heater element temperature t substantially at the same temperature as t d set by a user . in this manner , the user can set a desired temperature which is optimal for surgical suture welding , and according to the particular materials used in such welding . the heater controller 24 preferably includes a bridge circuit with the heater element 22 forming an arm in the bridge circuit . in alternative embodiments , temperature t d may be a constant or may vary over time . in various embodiments , at least a portion of the path of current traveling through the wires and the heater may be covered in a dielectric coating , using suitable methods known in the art . as shown in fig4 a , in one embodiments two heaters 100 a , 100 b are used to effect thermal welding . each heater 100 a , 100 b may be of the types described above . in some embodiments , each heater 100 a , 100 b may simultaneously generate heat and sense temperature . the heaters 100 a , 100 b are operated alternately ( e . g . as controlled by control unit 110 ), where each is , for example on for 20 milliseconds and off for 20 milliseconds respectively , for a total operation over a period of , in typical applications , up to about 10 seconds , e . g ., a 3 second period . fig4 b illustrates this alternate operation of two heaters (“ heater a ” and heater b ”), which are switched on and off during alternate repetitive intervals t 1 . . . t n . in further embodiments , more than two heaters may be used . the heaters may operate sequentially , or in any other suitable pattern to effect thermal welding . one or more or any part thereof of techniques described above ( e . g . temperature sensing / control ) can be implemented in computer hardware or software , or a combination of both . the methods can be implemented in computer programs using standard programming techniques following the method and figures described herein . program code is applied to input data to perform the functions described herein and generate output information . the output information is applied to one or more output devices such as a display monitor . each program may be implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system . however , the programs can be implemented in assembly or machine language , if desired . in any case , the language can be a compiled or interpreted language . moreover , the program can run on dedicated integrated circuits preprogrammed for that purpose . each such computer program is preferably stored on a storage medium or device ( e . g ., rom or magnetic diskette ) readable by a general or special purpose programmable computer for configuring and operating the computer when the storage media or device is read by the computer to perform the procedures described herein . the computer program can also reside in cache or main memory during program execution . the analysis method can also be implemented as a computer - readable storage medium , configured with a computer program , where the storage medium so configured causes a computer to operate in a specific and predefined manner to perform the functions described herein . the disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof . the present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive , the scope of the disclosure being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description . all changes that come within the meaning and range of the equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein .
disclosed is a heater device for thermally welding suture strands , including : a substrate extending from a first end to a second end along a substrate axis , and having a substantially planar heater support surface ; a joinder layer disposed on the heater support surface ; a heater element extending from a first end to a second end along a heater axis thereof and disposed on the joinder layer , the heater element being a layer and being coupled to the support surface by the joinder layer ; an electrical interface including a first electrically conductive element coupled to the first end of the heater element , and a second electrically conductive element coupled to the second end of the heater element . in some embodiments , the heater element is elongated along the heater axis .