the following examples are provided for illustrative purposes and may include particular features of the invention ; however , the examples should not be construed as limiting the invention , many variations of which are possible without departing from the spirit or scope thereof . parts are by weight unless otherwise indicated . a mixture of 4 . 71 gm ., 0 . 03 mole , of 1 - methyl - 2 - hydroxymethyl - 5 - nitroimidazole , and 13 . 3 gm ., 0 . 03 mole , of lead tetraacetate in 200 ml . of benzene , is refluxed while stirring magnetically for about 18 hours , cooled and filtered . the filtrate is washed with 50 ml . of saturated sodium carbonate solution . the organic phase is then separated , and the aqueous phase extracted twice with 30 ml . of chloroform . the combined organic phase is then dried over magnesium sulfate . after filtering and evaporating the organic phase to dryness , the filtrate gives 4 . 2 gm . of pale yellow 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde , which is dissolved in 25 ml . of hot ethanol , then added to 2 . 5 gm . of thiosemicarbazide in 20 ml . of boiling ethanol containing two drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid . the mixture is then boiled for a few minutes with stirring , cooled and bright yellow crystals of the thiosemicarbazone of the above aldehyde are collected . the process yields 5 . 3 gm ., which constitutes a 77 . 4 % overall yield , said material having a melting point of 227 ° c . ( decomposition ). to 25 ml . of hot water containing 5 . 7 gm ., of ferric ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate , 2 . 68 gm . of the above thiosemicarbazone is added , and the mixture is stirred magnetically in a boiling water bath . after 1 hour , an additional 75 ml . of hot water containing 17 . 1 gm . of ferric ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate is added to the above mixture . the mixture is then heated for approximately 3 hours in a boiling water bath , and filtered while still hot , yielding orange brown crystals which are washed thoroughly with hot water . the yield is 2 . 7 gm ., having a melting point of from 259 ° to 260 ° c . ( decomposition ). this product is dissolved in about 20 ml . of hot dimethylformamide , filtered and the warm filtrate poured on ice . the precipitated product is washed thoroughly first with water , and then cold acetone , giving a yellow product which is dried in vacuo at 100 ° c . for several hours . the purified product weighs 1 . 55 gm ., and has a melting point of from 268 ° to 270 ° c . ( decomposition ). the product is then submitted to analysis ; calculating from carbon , hydrogen , nitrogen and sulfur , the actual values agreed closely with the theoretical values . a suspension of 20 gm . of ferric ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate in 100 ml . of water is warmed on a steam bath until the solid is completely dissolved . to the above solution 9 . 6 gm . 0 . 039 mole , of 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazole - carboxaldehyde - 4 &# 39 ;- methyl - 3 &# 39 ;- thiosemicarbazone is added , and stirred on the steam bath for an additional 90 minutes . a warm solution containing 59 gm ., 0 . 122 mole of ferric ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate in 300 ml . of water is added to the above mixture . the mixture is stirred on the steam bath for an additional 2 hours and filtered . the precipitate is washed with water and acetone to give 6 . 9 gm . of a yellow solid having a melting point of from 230 ° to 238 ° c . recrystallization from 700 ml . of hot ethyl acetate gives 3 . 3 gm . of bright yellow needles having a melting point of 238 ° c . a mixture of 14 . 1 gm ., 0 . 1 mole , of 1 , 2 - dimethyl - 5 - nitroimidazole , 12 gm ., 0 . 1 mole , of selenium dioxide and 100 ml . of diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether is refluxed while stirring magnetically for approximately 4 hours . the mixture is then cooled and filtered through a layer of diatomaceous earth into a warm solution of 11 . 5 gm ., 0 . 1 mole of 4 , 4 &# 39 ;- dimethyl - 3 &# 39 ;- thiosemicarbazide in 50 ml . of water and 10 ml . of glacial acetic acid . a precipitate forms immediately . the mixture is cooled and filtered to give 7 . 5 gm . of yellow crystals , which have a melting point of from 205 ° to 210 ° c . the crystals are recrystallized twice from methyl cellosolve and once from ethanol , to give 1 . 3 gm . of orange needles having a melting point of from 208 ° to 210 ° c . ( decomposition ). a warm suspension of 9 . 2 gm . of 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde 4 &# 39 ;, 4 &# 39 ;- dimethyl - 3 &# 39 ;- thiosemicarbazone ( prepared above ) in 100 ml . of water is added to a warm solution of 69 . 4 gm . of ferric ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate in 400 ml . of water . the mixture is magnetically stirred on a steam bath for approximately 4 hours , and filtered . the precipitate is washed with water and acetone giving 8 . 6 gm . of a brown solid having a melting point of from 238 ° to 240 ° c . ( decomposition ). two recrystallizations from n , n - dimethylformamide gives 3 . 6 gm . of yellow crystals having a melting point of 252 ° c . the ethylamino compound is prepared by employing the procedure set forth in example 1 , with the exception that ethylthiosemicarbazide is substituted for thiosemicarbazide . the compound melts at 214 °- 216 ° c . with regard to the dimethylamino compound , said compound is prepared by employing the procedure set forth in example 3 , with the exception that 1 - ethyl - 2 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole is utilized instead of 1 , 2 - dimethyl - 5 - nitroimidazole . the process yields 1 - ethyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde , 4 &# 39 ;, 4 &# 39 ;- dimethyl - 3 &# 39 ;- thiosemicarbazone , which is cyclized as in example 3 to 2 -( 2 - dimethylamino - 5 - thiadiazoly )- 1 - ethyl - 5 - nitroimidazole . the above compound is prepared by refluxing 8 gm . of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole in 30 ml . of 98 % formic acid for 10 hours , cooling , and adding the mixture to saturated sodium bicarbonate solution , and the solid collected . the compound melts at 225 ° to 227 ° c . the above compound is prepared by heating under reflux for 30 minutes a mixture of 14 gm . of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl - 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole in 280 ml . of acetic anhydride . the mixture is evaporated to dryness , and the solid residue is washed thoroughly with ether giving 16 . 4 gm . of a yellow solid having a melting point of 235 ° c . ( decomposition ). a 6 . 27 gm . portion of 1 -( 2 - acetoxyethyl )- 2 - hydroxymethyl - 5 - nitroimidazole is refuxed with 13 . 3 gm . of lead tetraacetate in 200 ml . of benzene for 18 hours , cooled , and filtered . the filtrate is washed with 50 ml . of saturated sodium carbonate solution , and the organic phase is separated therefrom . the remaining aqueous phase is twice extracted with 30 ml . of chloroform , and then combined with the above separated organic phase . the combined organic phases are dried under magnesium sulfate , and filtered . the organic solvents are then removed in vacuo , giving the above aldehyde . a 14 . 25 g . sample of the aldehyde prepared in example 7 is treated with 5 . 72 g . of thiosemicarbazide in 150 ml . of 95 % ethanol containing a drop of concentrated hydrochloric acid and the mixture is heated on a steam bath for 20 minutes . the hot solution is filtered to remove insoluble materials , cooled and the yellow - brown crystals are collected . the yield of 1 -( 2 - acetoxyethyl )- 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone is 18 . 8 g . after drying in a vacuum oven at 60 ° for 2 1 / 2 hours . recrystallization of the product gives a yellow solid , melting point 181 °- 183 . 5 ° c . the thiosemicarbazone ( 12 . g ) is added to 77 g . of ferric ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate in 500 ml . of water at 60 ° and the mixture is heated to 90 °- 100 ° for 4 hours . the mixture is cooled , the solid collected and washed with water . only 0 . 92 g . ( melting point 249 °- 251 ° ) of product is soluble in a large volume of acetone . the remaining product is dissolved in 150 ml . of dimethylformamide , filtered and the filtrate evaporated to dryness to give a solid . this solid is treated with about 20 ml . of acetone , slurried , cooled and collected to give yellow crystals . after drying in an air stream overnight , 5 . 5 g . ( melting point 253 . 5 - 255 °) of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 -( 2 - hydroxyethyl )- 5 - nitroimadazole is obtained ; no carbonyl absorption band is present in the infrared spectrum . thus , it is not necessary to perform a separate hydrolysis step for the removal of the acetyl group . five grams of 2 - amino - 5 -( 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolyl )- 1 , 3 , 4 - thiadiazole is added to 25 ml . of dichloroacetic anhydride , and the mixture boiled gently for a few minutes . after standing at room temperature for four hours , 200 ml . of diethyl ether is added , and the mixture stored at - 10 ° c . overnight . the solid is collected , dried , and recrystallized from a mixture of 300 ml . of ethanol and 50 ml . of 2 - methoxyethanol to yield 4 . 5 g . of pure product melting at 246 °- 247 ° c . in 180 ml . of hot water , 9 . 3 grams ( 0 . 06 mole ) of 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde is slurried while 6 . 7 grams ( 0 . 06 mole ) of semicarbazide hydrochloride is added portionwise . after 15 minutes of heating , the mixture is cooled in a refrigerator overnight . the solid is then collected and washed with water and methanol , respectively , to give a yellow product , melting point 272 °- 273 ° c . ( dec .). after drying at 100 ° for 2 hours under reduced pressure , 11 . 94 grams of 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde semicarbazone is formed . this semicarbazone ( 6 . 35 grams or 0 . 03 mole ) is added to 10 grams of anhydrous sodium acetate in 50 ml . of glacial acetic acid and 1 . 25 ml . of bromine is added with continuous stirring . the mixture is heated gradually to give a nearly clear red solution at 50 ° c . which becomes increasingly turbid with time . after heating at 75 ± 3 ° for 3 hours , the mixture is cooled and poured on ice . the yellow solid is collected , washed with water , then with methanol , and dried under reduced pressure at 70 ° c . for 3 hours to give 5 grams of crude 2 - amino - 5 -( 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolyl )- oxadiazole , melting point 284 °- 287 ° c . ( dec .). this material is dissolved in boiling dimethylformamide , ethanol added , and the mixture cooled to give yellow crystals , melting point 291 °- 293 ° c . ( dec .). in 25 ml . of methanol , 0 . 93 grams ( 5 mmole ) of 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxylic acid hydrazide and 0 . 53 grams ( 5 mmole ) of cyanogen bromide are refluxed for 2 hours , cooled , and poured on ice to give a pale yellow solid . this solid is collected , washed with water , and dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° c . for 2 hours to give 0 . 65 grams , melting point 286 °- 288 ° c . ( dec . ), of 2 - amino - 5 -( 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolyl ) oxadiazole . to a solution of 8 . 5 grams ( 0 . 055 mole ) of 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde in 50 ml . of ethanol is added a solution of 5 . 0 grams ( 0 . 056 mole ) of 4 - methylsemicarbazide in 25 ml . of ethanol and 10 ml . of water containing 2 - 4 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid . the resulting solution is heated at 60 °- 70 ° c . until a yellow solid starts to separate and then stored at 0 ° c . for 1 hour ; 12 . 2 grams ( 98 %) of 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde - 4 - methylsemicarbazone is obtained melting at 221 °- 223 ° c . seven grams ( 0 . 031 mole ) of 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde - 4 - methylsemicarbazone is dissolved in 85 ml . of glacial acetic acid , 16 grams of anhydrous sodium acetate added , and a solution of 2 . 5 ml . of bromine in 20 ml . of glacial acetic acid added . the resulting mixture becomes a clear solution as it is heated at 70 °- 80 ° c . for 2 - 4 hours . the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue treated with shaved ice until a yellow suspension is obtained . the product is collected , washed with cold water , methanol , and finally with ether . recrystallization from ethanol containing n , n - dimethylformamide affords 2 . 7 grams ( 39 %) of a yellow product melting at 239 °- 241 ° c . in another preparation , a 63 % yield of product melting at 237 °- 239 ° c . is obtained without recrystallization . a solution of 780 mg . ( 5 millimoles ) of 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde in 10 ml . 95 % of ethanol is treated with 520 mg . ( 5 millimoles ) of 4 , 4 - dimethylsemicarbazide and one drop of concentrated hydrochloric acid to give a yellow solid . the mixture is heated at 40 ° c . for 5 minutes , cooled to 0 ° c ., and 1180 mg . ( 98 %) of crystalline 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde 4 , 4 - dimethylsemicarbazone is obtained . recrystallization from ethanol containing n , n - dimethylformamide affords 900 mg . ( 74 %) of material melting at 206 °- 208 ° c . the procedure of method a of example 10 is followed except that 7 . 5 grams ( 0 . 31 mole ) of 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde 4 , 4 - dimethylsemicarbazone , prepared above , is used . the product is recrystallized from ethanol to give 5 . 2 grams ( 69 %) of material melting at 180 °- 182 ° c . four grams of acetyl chloride are slowly added to 3 . 6 grams ( 0 . 017 mole ) of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - oxadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole suspended in a mixture of 44 ml . of pyridine and 35 ml . of benzene . the addition is completed in 30 minutes , the mixture heated at 60 °- 70 ° c . for 10 minutes , and then poured into 500 ml . of ice and water . after the resulting mixture is stirred for 1 1 / 2 hours , the product separates . recrystallization from 150 ml . of acetone containing some n , n - dimethylformamide affords 2 . 4 grams ( 56 %) of pale yellow product . a second recrystallization from acetone gives 2 . 1 g . of product , melting point 224 °- 225 ° c . phosgene gas is bubbled into 100 ml . of n , n - dimethylformamide at 5 °- 10 ° c . until 2 . 0 g . ( 0 . 02 mole ) is absorbed and a crystalline suspension is formed . this suspension is added in portions to a stirred mixture of 4 . 5 g . ( 0 . 02 mole ) of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole and 100 ml . of n , n - dimethylformamide at 25 ° c . after 30 minutes the reaction mixture is diluted with 200 ml . of diethyl ether , and the pale yellow solid is collected , washed with ether , and dried . treatment of this material with 150 ml . of water and drying affords 5 . 0 g . ( 89 %) of brilliant yellow solid melting at 230 °- 232 ° c . the compound 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazole carboxaldehyde - 4 - carbethoxy - 1 - piperazine thiocarbohydrazone is prepared by the procedure of example 3 , 23 . 2 gm ., 0 . 1 mole , of 4 - carbethoxypiperazine - 1 - thiocarbohydrazide replacing the 4 , 4 - dimethyl - 3 - thiosemicarbazide . the yield is 8 . 6 gm . and the melting point 182 °- 183 ° c . a suspension of 6 . 4 gm ., 0 . 0174 mole , of 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde - 4 - carbethoxy - 1 - piperazine thiocarbohydrazone ( prepared above ) in 200 ml . of boiling ethanol is stirred as a solution of 35 mg . of ferric ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate in 200 ml . of hot water is added in one portion . a deep red - brown solution results . after stirring and heating on the steam bath for 4 hours , a precipitate is present . this is collected , washed with water , dried and recrystallized from hot ethanol to give 3 . 6 grams of the title compound melting at 179 °- 181 ° c . a solution of 1 . 3 gm ., 0 . 0058 mole , of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole is dissolved in 25 ml . of concentrated hydrochloric acid , cooled to 5 ° c ., stirred , and treated during five minutes with a solution of 0 . 5 gm ., 0 . 0073 mole , of sodium nitrite in 2 ml . of water . the mixture is kept at room temperature for 18 hours . the precipitate present is collected , washed with water , dried and then extracted with warm acetone . removal of the acetone leaves a solid residue which is recrystallized from a mixture of acetone and diethylether to give 0 . 16 gm . of 2 -( 2 - chloro - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole as yellow crystals , melting at 135 °- 137 ° c . a mixture consisting of 4 . 9 gm ., 0 . 02 mole , of 2 -( 2 - chloro - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole , 3 . 0 gm ., 0 . 05 mole , of ethanolamine , and 50 ml . of p - dioxane is stirred at room temperature for twenty - four hours . the precipitate is collected , washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution , dried and recrystallized from methanol to give the pure compound melting at 208 °- 209 ° c . working up the mother liquors gives additional material , the total yield being 3 . 4 gm . a mixture consisting of 3 . 8 gm ., 0 . 0155 mole of 2 -( 2 - chloro - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole , prepared as in example 16 2 . 5 gm ., 0 . 029 mole of 3 - dimethylaminopropylamine , 2 . 1 gm . 0 . 025 mole , of sodium bicarbonate and 100 ml . of benzene is refluxed for 22 hours . the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature , washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride solutions . cooling to 5 ° c . gives a crystalline precipitate which is collected and recrystallized from benzene to give the pure compound melting at 153 °- 154 ° c . more product is obtained from the mother liquors to give an overall yield of 3 . 0 gm . 1 -( 2 - hydroxy )- 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde ( 1 mole ) is treated with 1 mole of semicarbazide hydrochloride in ethanol to give nearly a quantitative yield of semicarbazone . the product is treated with bromine and sodium acetate in the manner described in method a of example 1 to give the first compound above which melts with decomposition at 228 °- 230 ° c . the use of 4 - methylsemicarbazide and 4 , 4 - dimethylsemicarbazide hydrochlorides instead of semicarbazide hydrochloride , followed by treatment of the methylated semicarbazones with bromine and sodium acetate as above , gives , respectively , 2 -( 2 - methylamino - 5 - oxadiazolyl )- 1 -( 2 - hydroxyethyl )- 5 - nitroimidazole , melting at 202 . 5 °- 204 ° c ., and 2 -( 2 - dimethylamino - 5 - oxadiazolyl )- 1 -( 2 - hydroxyethyl )- 5 - nitroimidazole , melting at 171 °- 173 ° c . the sample ( 0 . 1 g .) of 2 - amino - 5 -[ 1 -( 2 - hydroxyethyl )- 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolyl ] thiadiazole is dissolved in 2 ml . of hot glacial acetic acid and a drop of concentrated sulfuric acid is added . the solution is refluxed for 45 minutes , cooled and poured on ice to give a yellow solid . this solid is collected , washed with water and dried ; the yield is 0 . 1 g ., melting point 159 °- 162 ° c . ( turbid ). a purified sample of the 2 - amino - 5 -[ 1 -( 2 - acetoxyethyl )- 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolyl ] thiadiazole , melts at 164 °- 165 . 5 ° c . the sample ( 0 . 1 g .) of 2 - amino - 5 -[ 1 -( 2 - hydroxyethyl )- 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolyl ] thiadiazole is added to 1 . 5 ml . of acetic anhydride and heated under reflux for 20 minutes . after cooling , the mixture is evaporated to dryness to give a tan solid which is slurried with ether and collected , melting point 258 °- 265 ° c . ; the yield is 0 . 11 g . this solid is recrystallized from acetone to give the purified product , melting point 264 °- 268 ° c . four grams of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole is added to concentrated hydrochloric acid . the resultant precipitate of the hydrochloride is filtered off and air dried ; melting point 249 ° c . with decomposition . when the hydrochloride is added to water , the free base is formed again without the necessity of using alkali . a suspension of 5 g . of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole in 200 ml . of 36 % aqueous formaldehyde solution is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature . the suspension is cooled in ice , and the insoluble solid is collected by filtration and washed with acetone . the yield of the title compound is 6 . 15 g ., melting point 177 ° c . with decomposition ( rapid heating ). a slurry of β -( 1 - ethyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolyl ) styrene ( 42 . 7 g . or 0 . 175 mole ) in 350 ml . of methanol containing 14 . 6 ml . of water at 25 ° c . is treated with ozone until a nearly clear , pale - yellow solution is obtained . subsequently , the mixture is treated with 42 g . of sodium iodide in 138 ml . of water and 20 . 3 ml . of glacial acetic acid at 25 ° c . the mixture is stirred for 40 minutes and 44 . 1 g . ( 0 . 288 mole ) of sodium thiosulfate in 242 ml . of water added . the mixture is filtered , and the filtrate concentrated at 70 °- 75 ° c . under 15 - 20 mm . of pressure to give 450 ml . of solution . the solution is acidified with 50 ml . of 6n hydrochloric acid and the benzaldehyde removed at 70 °- 75 ° c . under 15 - 20 mm . of pressure . the residue is then neutralized with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate to give an 81 . 5 % yield of solid aldehyde , melting point 61 °- 67 ° c . after stripping . a sublimed sample of the aldehyde melts at 68 °- 69 ° c . with softening at 65 ° c . when the aqueous ozonized solution , after benzaldehyde is removed , is treated with thiosemicarbazide and mineral acid or semicarbazide hydrochloride and heated , the 1 - ethyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone , melting point 241 ° c ., or semicarbazone , melting point 223 °- 226 ° c ., is obtained . the compound β -( 1 - ethyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolyl ) styrene is prepared by treating 1 - ethyl - 2 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole with benzaldehyde in absolute ethanol and potassium tertiary butoxide in nitrogen atmosphere below 37 ° c . a sample purified from 95 % ethanol melts at 136 . 5 °- 137 . 5 ° c . a solution of 184 g . of ferric ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate in 680 ml . of water is heated to 60 ° c . and 23 . 1 g . of 1 - ethyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone ( prepared as above ) is added with efficient stirring . the temperature is raised to 90 ° c . and vigorous stirring continued for 4 hours . the reaction mixture is cooled to 4 ° c . and filtered . the solid is washed with warm water and dried under vacuum at 110 ° c . and then extracted with 800 ml . of hot acetone , followed by three 300 - ml . portions of hot acetone . cooling the acetone gives a solid product , which is filtered off ; melting point 231 °- 233 ° c . a second crop with the same melting point is obtained by evaporating the filtrate and recrystallizing the residue from acetone . the combined yield is 17 . 0 g . ( 74 . 5 %). 0 . 5 g . ( 1 . 64 millimole ) of β -( 1 - benzyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolyl ) styrene in 95 % aqueous methanol is treated with ozone until a clear solution is obtained . to this solution at 15 ° c ., 0 . 312 g . ( 1 . 64 millimole ) of sodium meta - bisulfite ( na 2 s 2 o 5 ) in 3 ml . of water is added . the mixture is then evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at 75 ° c . and the solid extracted with ethyl acetate . the ethyl acetate extracts are dried , evaporated to dryness to give a yellow - orange residue ( probably bisulfite addition product ) which solidifies upon standing . this material is dissolved in 20 ml . of aqueous methanol and 0 . 15 g . of thiosemicarbazide and a drop of 6n hydrochloric are added . after refluxing for 15 minutes and cooling , 0 . 25 g ., melting point 193 °- 196 ° c ., of 1 - benzyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone is isolated . the use of a half of an equimolar amount of sodium meta - bisulfite affords the title aldehyde instead of the bisulfite addition product . when the ethyl acetate extract is evaporated to dryness and dissolved in 75 % aqueous ethanol and semicarbazone is added , and the mixture is heated on a steam bath for 10 minutes , and sodium acetate is added , the semicarbazone derivative , melting point 226 °- 228 ° c . is obtained . twelve grams of 1 - benzyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone are added to a stirred solution of 76 . 2 g . of ferric ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate in 600 ml . of water at 50 ° c . and the slurry is heated at 90 °- 95 ° c . for 6 hours . the mixture is cooled in ice and the yellow - brown solid collected , washed with water , and dried under pressure . the yield of product is 10 . 9 g . recrystallization from methanol gives analytically pure material melting at 213 °- 215 ° c . a slurry of 10 . 2 g . of 1 - ethyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde semicarbazone ( prepared as in example 23 ), and 15 . 0 g . of anhydrous sodium acetate in 75 ml . of glacial acetic acid is treated with 1 . 87 ml . of bromine at 81 ° c . under agitation . stirring is continued at 75 °- 80 ° c . for 171 / 2 hours , at which time workup of a sample shows starting material still present . an additional 7 . 5 g . of sodium acetate and 1 . 00 ml . of bromine are added and stirring continued for 3 hours . a final 3 . 85 g . of sodium acetate and 0 . 50 ml . of bromine are added and the reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour at 75 ° c . the reaction mixture is cooled to 15 ° c . and poured over ice . the product is filtered off , washed with water and dried under reduced pressure . the yield is 6 . 3 g . and the melting point 265 ° c . with decomposition . a slurry of 6 . 1 g . of 1 - benzyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolecarboxaldehyde semicarbazone ( prepared as in example 24 ) and 8 g . of anhydrous sodium acetate in 40 ml . of glacial acetic acid is stirred at 40 ° c . while 3 . 4 g . of bromine in 15 ml . of acetic acid is slowly added . the mixture is heated at 65 °- 70 ° c . for 4 hours , then poured on ice and the yellow solid collected , washed with water , and dried under pressure . the yield is 5 . 7 g . recrystallization from acetone gives analytically pure material melting at 261 . 5 °- 262 . 5 ° c . a mixture composed of 9 . 8 g . of 2 -( 2 - chloro - 5 - thiadiazole )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole , ( example 16 ), 11 . 0 g . of 2 , 2 - diethoxyethylamine , and 250 ml . of dioxane is stirred and heated on the steam bath for 12 hours . it is then diluted with 500 ml . of cold water , cooled , and the precipitated yellow solid collected and dried . recrystallization from 50 % aqueous ethanol gives the pure compound melting at 154 °- 155 ° c . a mixture composed of 7 . 4 g . of 2 -( 2 - chloro - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole ( example 16 ), 6 g . of piperidine , and 200 ml . of dioxane is stirred at room temperature for 24 hours , and then taken to dryness under reduced pressure . the residue is shaken with 100 ml . of water and the insoluble portion collected and dried . recrystallization from 150 ml . of 2 - methoxyethanol gives 7 . 6 g . of the subject compound melting at 212 °- 213 ° c . the preparation of the title compound is carried out essentially as described for the 2 - piperidino derivative ( example 28 ), 6 . 5 g . of n - hexylamine replacing the piperidine . the crude product is recrystallized from 125 ml . of 2 - methoxyethanol to give 5 . 2 g . of the pure compound melting at 146 °- 147 ° c . the preparation of the subject compound is carried out essentially as described for the 2 - piperidino derivative ( example 28 ), 3 . 9 g . of 1 -( 2 - hydroxyethyl ) piperazine replacing the piperidine . after recrystallization from ethanol , 3 . 5 g . of pure compound is obtained , melting at 204 °- 206 ° c . the preparation of the title compound is carried out by the procedure described for the 2 - piperidino derivative ( example 28 ), 5 . 1 g . of 4 -( 3 - dimethylaminopropyl ) piperidine replacing the piperidine . recrystallization from methanol gives 5 . 6 g . of pure product , melting at 174 °- 175 ° c . the preparation of the above compound is carried out essentially as described for the 2 - piperidino derivative ( example 28 ), an equivalent of n - methylethanolamine replacing the piperidine . the pure compound melts at 158 °- 160 ° c . after recrystalliation from methanol . the preparation of the subject compound is carried out essentially as described for the 2 - piperidino derivative ( example 28 ), two equivalents of piperazine replacing the piperidine . the crude product is recrystallized from 2 - methoxyethanol to yield the pure compound melting at 240 °- 241 ° c . the preparation of the above compound is carried out in the manner described for the 2 - piperidino derivative ( example 28 ), an equivalent of 1 - methylpiperazine replacing the piperidine . the crude product is purified by recrystallization from 2 - methoxyethanol and melts at 242 °- 244 ° c . a solution of 2 -( 2 - chloro - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole in 200 ml . of dioxane is treated with 5 . 1 g . of 1 -( 3 - dimethylaminopropyl ) piperazine , and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 18 hours . the precipitate is collected , dissolved in 100 ml . of water , made alkaline with sodium hydroxide solution , and then extracted with 500 ml . of chloroform . the chloroform extract is dried and the solvent removed under reduced pressure . the yellow residue is recrystallized from 100 ml . of ethanol to give 2 . 9 g . of product , melting at 174 °- 175 ° c . the preparation of the above compound is carried out essentially as described for the 2 -[ 4 -( 3 - dimethylaminopropyl )- 1 - piperazinyl derivative ] ( example 35 ), an equivalent of 1 -( 2 - pyridyl ) piperazine replacing the 1 -( 3 - dimethylaminopropyl ) piperazine . after recrystallization from 2 - methoxyethanol , the pure compound melts at 280 °- 282 ° c . the preparation of the subject compound is carried out essentially as described for the 2 -[ 4 -( 3 - dimethylaminopropyl )- 1 - piperazinyl ] derivative ( example 35 ), an equivalent of 1 -( 2 - thiazolyl ) piperazine replacing the 1 -( 3 - dimethylaminopropyl ) piperazine . after recrystallization from 2 - methoxyethanol , the pure compound melts at 297 °- 300 ° c . a mixture of 5 . 0 g . of 2 -( 2 - chloro - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole , 6 . 0 g . of cyclohexylamino and 125 ml . of dioxane is stirred at reflux until thin - layer chromatographic analysis indicates that the chloro intermediate is completely utilized . the dioxane is removed under pressure and the residue triturated with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution . recrystallization from a mixture of ethylacetate and acetone yields the pure compound melting at 215 °- 217 ° c . the preparation of the above compound is accomplished essentially by the procedure described for the 2 - cyclohexylamino derivative ( example 38 ), as equivalent of t - butylamine replacing the cyclohexylamine . recrystallization of the crude product from a mixture of ethyl acetate and acetone gives the pure compound melting at 249 °- 251 ° c . the preparation of the above compound is carried out essentially as described for the 2 - cyclohexylamino derivative ( example 38 ), an equivalent of n - octylamine replacing the cyclohexylamine . the crude product is purified by recrystallization from aqueous 2 - methoxyethanol and then melts at 130 °- 132 ° c . twenty grams of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole is added in portions to a solution of 60 g . of chloroacetic anhydride in 250 ml . of dioxane at 90 °- 95 ° c . the mixture is stirred at this temperature for 3 hours . after standing at room temperature , the mixture is filtered and precipitate washed with diethyl ether and dried . recrystallization from 2 - methyloxyethanol gives the pure compound , melting at 239 °- 240 ° c . with decomposition . six grams of 2 -( 2 - chloroacetamido - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole ( example 42 ) is added to a solution of 4 grams of potassium iodide in 2 liters of anhydrous acetone , and the mixture then influxed for 2 hours . potassium chloride precipitates from the solution . four grams of morpholine is added and the mixture refluxed for 7 hours . the solvent is removed in a stream of air . the residual solid is slurried with 100 ml . of water , filtered , and dried . recrystallization from 300 ml . of boiling dioxane gives 3 . 8 g . of the title compound , melting at 250 °- 252 ° c . with decomposition . the procedure of example 23 , with the substitution of β -( 1 - propyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolyl ) styrene for β -( 1 - ethyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolyl ) styrene in the first step is utilized to prepare 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - propyl - 5 - nitroimidazolo , melting at 234 . 5 °- 236 ° c . the following feed composition is employed in all the the poultry experiments hereinafter set forth except where otherwise stated : ______________________________________vitamin pre - mix 0 . 5 % trace minerals 0 . 1 % sodium chloride 0 . 3 % dicalcium phosphate 1 . 2 % ground limestone 0 . 5 % stabilized fat 4 % dehydrated alfalfa , 17 % 2 % corn gluten meal , 41 % 5 % menhaden fish meal , 60 % 5 % soybean oil meal , 44 % 30 % ground yellow corn , to 100 % fine______________________________________ the vitamin pre - mix in the above feed composition is prepared from the followng formulation . the expressions of quantity relate to units per kilogram of the feed composition . ______________________________________butylated hydroxy toluene 125 mg . dl - methione 500 mg . vitamin a 3300 i . u . vitamin d . sub . 3 1100 i . u . riboflavin 4 . 4 mg . vitamin e 2 . 2 i . u . niacin 27 . 5 mg . pantothenic acid 8 . 8 mg . choline chloride 500 mg . folic acid 1 . 43 mg . menadione sodium 1 . 1 mg . bisulfatevitamin b . sub . 12 11 mcg . ground yellow corn , to 5 gm . fine______________________________________ this example demonstrates the effectiveness of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole , 2 -( 2 - acetamido - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole , and other imidazoles in controlling colibacillosis in poultry . three groups of 10 five - day old sex - linked pullet chicks are infected parenterally , in the left thoracic air sac , with 0 . 2 ml . of a 10 - 1 dilution of a trypticase soy broth culture of escherichia coli , the causative agent of colibacillosis in poultry . the compounds to be tested are administered by gavage as a single oral dose in an aqueous solution or suspension , and the chicks are permitted to feed ad libitum the feed composition prepared in example 44 . twelve days after treatment , the test is terminated and the number of survivors in each group recorded . the results are compared with two control groups of 20 chicks each , in which one control group is infected and untreated , and the second control group is uninfected and untreated . the results of the test are set forth in the following table . table i______________________________________ total chickscompound dose * tested survivors______________________________________2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thia - 160 mg . 10 10diazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 80 mg . 10 105 - nitroimidazole 40 mg . 10 102 -( 2 - amino - 5 - 80 mg ./ kg . 20 15oxadiazolyl )- 1 - 20 mg ./ kg . 20 13methyl - 5 - nitroimi - 5 mg ./ kg . 20 7dazole2 -[ 2 -( 1 - pipera - 160 20 18zinyl )- 5 - thia - 40 20 6diazolyl ]- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazolecontroluntreated 20 2uninfected - untreated 20 20______________________________________ * dose is in terms of milligrams per kilogram of body weight . four groups of 40 , five - day old sex - linked pullet chicks are infected in the same manner as herein set forth with escherichia coli . the compound 2 -( 2 - acetamido - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidaole is administered by gavage as a single oral dose in an aqueous medium , and the chicks are permitted to feed ad libitum the feed composition prepared in example 44 . twelve days after treatment , the test is terminated and the number of survivors in each group recorded . the results are compared with two control groups of 40 chicks each , in which one control group is infected and untreated , and the second control group is uninfected and untreated . the results of the test are set forth in the following table . table ii______________________________________ total chickscompound dose * tested survivors______________________________________2 -( 2 - acetamido - 40 mg . 40 395 - thiadiazolyl )- 20 mg . 40 351 - methyl - 5 - 10 mg . 40 29nitroimidazolecontroluntreated 40 3uninfected - untreated 40 40______________________________________ * dose is in terms of milligrams per kilogram of body weight . groups of five one - day old sex - linked pullet checks are infected orally by gavage with 0 . 5 ml . of a 10 - 2 dilution of a five - hour trypticase soy broth culture of salmonella gallinarum , the causative agent of fowl typhoid . each chick receives approximately 6 × 10 5 viable cells . medication is administered continuously in the feed , beginning 3 hours before infection and continuing for 10 days , at which time the test is terminated and the number of survivors in each group recorded . each test utilizes two control groups of chicks , the first group comprising 20 chicks which are infected and untreated , and the second group comprising 10 chicks which are uninfected and untreated . the results of the tests are set forth in the following table iii ( in some instances , the results from two or more tests are combined ): table iii______________________________________ total chickscompound dose * tested survivors______________________________________2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - 0 . 1 % 10 9thiadiazolyl )- 1 - 0 . 05 % 5 5nitroimidazole 0 . 025 % 5 5 0 . 006 % 5 12 -( 2 - acetamido - 0 . 1 % 5 55 - thiadiazolyl )- 0 . 025 % 5 41 - methyl - 5 - 0 . 006 % 5 3nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - methylamino - 0 . 1 % 5 35 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - dimethyl - 0 . 1 % 5 4amino - 5 - thia - diazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - imidazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thia - 0 . 1 % 10 10diazolyl )- 1 - ethyl - 0 . 025 % 10 95 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - oxa - 0 . 1 % 10 10diazolyl )- 1 - ethyl - 0 . 025 % 5 55 - nitroimidazole 0 . 006 % 5 32 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thia - 0 . 1 % 10 10diazolyl )- 1 - benzyl - 0 . 025 % 10 45 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - oxa - 0 . 1 % 10 9diazolyl )- 1 - benzyl - 0 . 025 % 10 15 - nitroimidazole 0 . 006 % 10 12 -( 2 - hydroxymethyl - 0 . 1 % 10 10amino - 5 - thiadiazo - 0 . 025 % 10 2lyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - 0 . 006 % 10 2nitroimidazole2 -{ 2 -[ n -( 2 - hydroxy - 0 . 1 % 10 8ethyl ) methylamino ]- 5 - thiadiazolyl }- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - imidazole2 -( 2 - morpholino - 0 . 1 % 10 10acetamido - 5 - thiadia - 0 . 025 % 5 1zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thia - 1 . 0 % 10 10diazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 0 . 025 % 5 35 - nitroimidazolehydrochloride2 -[ 2 -( 4 - methyl - 1 - 0 . 1 % 10 4piperazinyl )- 5 - thiadiazolyl ]- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimi - dazole2 -( 2 - ethylamino - 5 - 0 . 1 % 10 10thiadiazolyl )- 1 - 0 . 025 % 10 3methyl - 5 - nitro - 0 . 006 % 5 3imidazole2 -( 2 - cyclohexyl - 0 . 1 % 10 8amino - 5 - thiadia - zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - t - butylamino - 0 . 1 % 10 65 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimi - dazole2 -( 2 - n - hexylamino - 0 . 1 % 10 65 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - imidazole2 -( 2 - piperidino - 5 - 0 . 1 % 10 4thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - imidazole2 -[ 2 -( 1 - piperazinyl )- 0 . 1 % 10 85 - thiadiazolyl ]- 1 - 0 . 025 % 10 1methyl - 5 - nitroimida - zole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadi - 0 . 1 % 10 10azolyl )- 1 -( 2 - hydroxy - 0 . 025 % 10 8ethyl )- 5 - nitroimi - dazole2 -[ 4 -( 2 - hydroxy - 0 . 1 % 10 7ethyl )- 1 - piperazinyl - 0 . 025 % 10 35 - thiadiazolyl ]- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimida - zole2 -( 2 - dichloroace - 0 . 1 % 10 7tamido - 5 - thiadia - 0 . 025 % 15 3zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -{ 2 -[( dimethyl - 0 . 1 % 5 5aminomethylene ) ami - 0 . 05 % 5 5no ]- 5 - thiadiazolyl }- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimi - dazole2 -( 2 - formamido - 5 - 0 . 1 % 10 5thiadiazolyl )- 1 - 0 . 025 % 15 11methyl - 5 - nitroimida - 0 . 006 % 15 9zole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - oxadia - 0 . 1 % 10 10zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - 0 . 025 % 10 10nitroimidazole 0 . 006 % 10 92 -( 2 - dimethylamino - 0 . 1 % 10 95 - oxadiazolyl )- 1 - 0 . 025 % 10 9methyl - 5 - nitroimida - 0 . 006 % 10 2zole2 -( 2 - acetamido - 5 - oxa - 0 . 1 % 10 10diazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 0 . 025 % 10 85 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - methylamino - 5 - 0 . 1 % 5 5oxadiazolyl )- 1 - 0 . 025 % 10 10methyl - 5 - nitroimida - 0 . 006 % 10 8zole2 -( 2 - methylamino - 5 - 0 . 1 % 10 6oxadiazolyl )- 1 -( 2 - hydroxyethyl )- 5 - ni - troimidazole2 -( 2 - dimethylamino - 0 . 1 % 10 55 - oxadiazolyl )- 1 -( 2 - 0 . 025 % 10 2hydroxyethyl )- 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadi - 0 . 1 % 10 6azolyl )- 1 - propyl - 5 - nitroimidazolecontroluntreated 20 0uninfected - untreated 10 10______________________________________ * dose is in terms of percentage by weight of the feed composition prepare in example 45 . this example demonstrates the effectiveness of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl and 1 - ethyl - 5 - nitroimidazole in controlling enteritis . three groups of ten female swiss webster mice weighing 20 gm . are infected intraperitoneally with 0 . 5 ml . of 10 - 2 dilution of a five - hour trypticase soy broth culture of salmonella choleraesuis var . kunzendorf , the causitive agent of enteritis in pigs , an organism originally recovered from a field outbreak of salmonella choleraesuis var . kunzendorf in pigs . each mouse receives approximately 4 . 6 × 10 7 cells as the inoculating dose . the mice are fed a medicated feed , which is a commercial mouse chow containing the compounds to be tested for 3 hours before the infection until 7 days after infection . the mice are held for an additional 7 days after the medication is stopped , and the number of survivors in each group recorded . the medicated feed is prepared by thoroughly admixing calculated amounts of the compounds with commercial mouse chow to provide essentially uniform distribution in the feed offered . the above results are compared with two control groups of ten mice each , in which one control group is infected and untreated , and the second control group is uninfected and untreated . the results of the test are set forth in the following table : table iv______________________________________ total chickscompound dose * tested survivors______________________________________2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thia - 0 . 1 % 10 10diazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole 0 . 025 % 10 9 0 . 006 % 10 12 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thia - 0 . 1 % 10 9diazolyl )- 1 - ethyl - 5 - nitroimidazole 0 . 025 % 10 3controluntreated 10 2uninfected - untreated 10 10______________________________________ * dose is in terms of percentage by weight of the commercial mouse chow . experiments were conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of compounds of the present invention against proteus mirabilis , staphylococus aureus strain smith and staphylococcus aureus strain rose a tetracycline - resistant strain of staphylococcus aureus . infection was initiated in carworth farms cfl - s female mice ( body weight 18 - 22 mg .) by intra - abdominal infection of 0 . 5 ml . of the broth dilutions of 5 hour cultures of the above organisms . the results obtained are summarized in the following tables v , vi , and vii . table v______________________________________tests with proteus mirabilis______________________________________ dosecompound mg ./ kg . results alive / tested______________________________________2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadia - 128 30 / 30zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - methylamino - 5 - 256 4 / 5thiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -{ 2 -[( dimethylamino - 256 3 / 5methylene ) amino ]- 5 - thia - diazolyl }- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - formamido - 5 - thia - 128 20 / 20diazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadia - 128 7 / 10zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - imidazole hydrochloride______________________________________ the mortality among infected untreated controls in this test is usually at least 95 %. table vi______________________________________tests with staphylococcus aureus strain smith______________________________________ dosecompound mg ./ kg . results alive / tested______________________________________2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadia - 64 16 / 20zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - ni - troimidazole2 -( 2 - methylamino - 5 - 128 4 / 5thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -[ 2 -( 4 - carbethoxy - 1 - 256 8 / 10piperazinyl )- 5 - thiadia - zolyl ]- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - imidazole2 -( 2 - dimethylamino - 5 - 512 4 / 5thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -{ 2 -[( dimethylamino - 64 5 / 5methylene ) amino ]- 5 - thia - diazolyl }- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - imidazole2 -( 2 - formamido - 5 - thiadia - 64 5 / 5zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - imidazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - oxadiazolyl )- 128 9 / 101 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - acetamido - 5 - oxadia - 128 3 / 5zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - imidazole2 -( 2 - methylamino - 5 - oxadia - 128 3 / 5zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimi - dazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - oxadiazolyl )- 1 - 128 3 / 5ethyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 128 5 / 51 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazolehydrochloride2 -{ 2 -[ 4 -( 3 - dimethylamino - 256 3 / 5propyl )- 1 - piperazinyl ]- 5 - thia - diazolyl }- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimi - dazole______________________________________ the mortality among infected untreated controls in this test is usually at least 95 %. table vii______________________________________tests with staphylococcus aureus strain rose______________________________________ dosecompound mg ./ kg . results alive / tested______________________________________2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadia - 128 10 / 10zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - methylamino - 5 - 512 4 / 5thiadazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -{ 2 -[( dimethylamino - 128 10 / 10methylene ) amino ]- 5 - thia - diazolyl - 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - formamido - 5 - thia - 512 5 / 5diazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - oxadia - 512 5 / 5zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - imidazole2 -( 2 - dimethylamino - 5 - 512 5 / 5oxadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - methylamino - 5 - oxa - 128 5 / 5diazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 512 5 / 51 - ethyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - oxadiazolyl )- 512 5 / 51 - ethyl - 5 - nitroimidazole______________________________________ the mortality among infected untreated controls in this test is usually 95 % or more . activity was also displayed by the compounds of this invention against the following organisms in mice : e . coli , salmonella typhosa , klebsiella ad , aerobacter aerogenes , and streptococcus pyogenes strain a ( c 203 ). this example demonstrates the effectiveness of the nitroimidazoles of this invention in controlling a pasteurella multocida infection in mice swiss webster , female mice weighing 22 ± 2 g . were infected by intrapeutoneal injection of 0 . 5 ml . of a 5 hour trypticase soy broth culture containing 10 7 cfu . of p . multocida . each mouse was given by gavage at the time of infection 2 mg . of the test drug suspended in 0 . 2 % agar . the number of mice surviving two weeks post - infection over the number of mice tested is recorded below for each compound . the results are shown in table viii . table viii__________________________________________________________________________survivors / total mg ./ mouse__________________________________________________________________________compound 2 1 0 . 5 0 . 25__________________________________________________________________________2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 10 / 101 - ethyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - oxadiazolyl )- 8 / 101 - ethyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 0 / 101 - benzyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - hydroxymethylamino - 10 / 105 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -{ 2 -[ n -( 2 - hydroxyethyl )- 10 / 10 3 / 10 1 / 10methylamino ]- 5 - thiadia - zolyl }- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimi - dazole2 -( 2 - morpholinoacetamido - 5 - 2 / 10thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - ethylamino - 5 - thiadia - 10 / 10zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimi - dazole2 -{ 2 -[ 4 -( 3 - dimethylamino - 10 / 10propyl )- 1 - piperazinyl ]- 5 - thiadiazolyl }- 1 - methyl ]- 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - n - hexylamino - 5 - thiadia - -- 9 / 10 8 / 10 2 / 10zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimida - zole2 -( 2 - piperidino - 5 - thiadia - -- 9 / 10 4 / 10 5 / 10zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimida - zole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - oxadiazolyl )- 1 - 10 / 10 -- 9 / 10 --( 2 - hydroxyethyl )- 5 - nitroimi - dazole2 -{ 2 -[ 4 -( 2 - thiazolyl )- 1 - pipera - 2 / 10zinyl ]- 5 - thiadiazolyl }- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -[ 2 -( 1 - piperazinyl )- 5 - thia - 1 / 10diazolyl ]- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - imidazole2 -[ 4 -( 2 - hydroxyethyl )- 1 - 10 / 10piperazinyl - 5 - thiadiazolyl ]- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -{ 2 -[ 4 -( 3 - dimethylamino - 10 / 10 -- 9 / 10 -- propyl )- 1 - piperidino ]- 5 - thia - diazolyl }- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimi - dazole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - 64 / 70 145 / 160 160 / 179 87 / 50methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -{ 2 -[( dimethylaminomethy - 10 / 10 28 / 30 39 / 40 32 / 40lene ) amino ]- 5 - thiadiazolyl }- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole2 -( 2 - formamido - 5 - thiadia - 10 / 10 9 / 10 20 / 20 16 / 20zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimida - zole2 -( amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - -- 20 / 20 18 / 20 23 / 30 ( 2 - hydroxyethyl )- 5 - nitroimida - zole2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - oxadiazolyl )- 1 - 14 / 20 8 / 20 3 / 20 2 / 20methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole__________________________________________________________________________ mortality among infected untreated controls in this experimental infection is usually at least 95 %. this example demonstrates the effectiveness of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole in controlling enteritis caused by salmonella choleraesuis in swine . in the late afternoon of the day before infection , feed is removed from all pens . the following morning each group receives 2 . 5 lbs . of feed mixed either with normal broth or broth containing salmonella choleraesuis variety kunzendorf organisms . most of this feed is consumed within an hour . for the rest of the trial the pigs are observed and graded daily . five hours after infection the pigs are given normal feed or feed containing furazolidone , a known antisalmonella agent , or 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole . medicated feed is employed for 14 days after infection , at which time it is replaced with normal feed . the trial is terminated four weeks after infection . the results of this experiment are shown in table ix . table ix______________________________________mortality of pigs infected via feed with salmonellacholeraesuis var . kunzendorfand medicated via feedfor the first 14 postinfection days______________________________________ drug dose median ppm . survivors survival in mg ./ kg . per timedrug diet per day . sup . a total in days______________________________________2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadia - 200 12 . 3 9 / 10 * -- zolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole 50 3 . 4 1 / 10 7 . 2furazolidone 200 7 . 5 2 / 10 10 . 0 50 2 . 1 0 / 10 6 . 8infected - untreated -- -- 0 / 10 7 . 8uninfected - untreated -- -- 10 / 10 * -- ______________________________________ . sup . a during first day postinfection . * differs significantly from infected - untreated group ( p & lt ;. 01 ). the compound 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole ( example 1 ) is active against both gram - negative and gram - positive organisms . in mice , it is rapidly absorbed , well tolerated and effective against lethal bacterial infections . in vitro , it is effective against gonococci and gram - negative bacilli . its action is bactericidal . in the following experimens both the base and the hydrochloride salt of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole are used . on a molar basis , they are equivalent in activity . in mice , the method used in this experiment has been described . ( redin , g . s ., &# 34 ; antibacterial activity in mice of minocyclin , a new tetracycline , &# 34 ; antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy - 1966 , p . 371 - 376 ). infections are initiated in carworth farms cf - 1 female mice ( body weight , 18 to 22 g .) by intra - abdominal injection of 0 . 5 ml . of the indicated broth dilutions of 5 - hour cultures of the following organisms : klebsiella pneumoniae ad , 10 - 4 ; salmonella typhosa 6539 , undiluted ; escherichia coli uc311 , 10 - 3 ; aerobacter aerogenes 75 , 10 - 1 ; proteus mirabilis 4671 , 10 - 2 ; shigella flexneri 2a m22 - 18 , undiluted ; streptococcus pyrogenes c203 , 10 - 5 ; staphylococcus aureus 3 , undiluted ; s . aureus rose , undiluted ; s . aureus 5 , undiluted ; s . aureus smith , 10 - 2 ; and diplococcus pneumoniae svi , 10 - 6 . for the neisseria meningitidis n20 infection , 0 . 5 ml . of a 48 - hour broth culture is used . within 1 hour after infection , the mice are treated with drug suspended in 0 . 5 ml . of 0 . 2 % aqueous agar administered by oral gavage . the drugs are tested at four to six dosage levels with 20 to 30 mice at each level . the results of replicate tests are pooled to determine the median effective dose ( ed 5 o ) by the procedure of litchfield and wilcoxon , 1949 , a simplified method of evaluating dose - effect experiments , j . pharmacol . exptl . therap . 96 : 99 - 113 . data are tiven in table x hereinafter . table x______________________________________the compound 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimida - zole tested against bacterial infections in mice ( single oraldose ) ______________________________________ median effective doseinfection . sup . a ( mg ./ kg . ). sup . b______________________________________neisseria meningitidis n20 0 . 2 ( 0 . 1 - 0 . 5 ) klebsiella pneumoniae ad 8 ( 6 - 11 ) salmonella typhosa 6539 14 ( 10 - 19 ) escherichia coli 311 16 ( 12 - 21 ) aerobacter aerogenes 75 54 ( 43 - 68 ) proteus mirabilis 4671 60 ( 50 - 80 ) shigella flexneri 2a m22 - 18 89 ( 52 - 150 ) streptococcus pyogenes c203 4 ( 3 - 6 ) staphylococcus aureus 3 14 ( 9 - 21 ) s . aureus rose 28 ( 18 - 44 ) s . aureus 5 46 ( 26 - 81 ) s . aureussmith 56 ( 40 - 77 ) diplococcus pheumoniae svi 69 ( 53 - 90 ) ______________________________________ . sup . a mortality rate of the untreated infected control mice was & gt ; 90 % within 3 days . the experimental period was 14 days . . sup . b figures in parentheses indicate 95 % confidence limits . concentrations of drug in plasma are determined by assay of blood obtained by heart puncture of noninfected mice . blood samples ( about 0 . 5 ml . per mouse ) from 10 mice receiving the same dose of drug are pooled . the drug is assayed in the plasma by a standard agar - diffusion plate method with bacillus subtilis ( lederle no . 17 ) as the test organism . peak plasma drug concentrations are given in table xi hereinafter where they are associated with the median effective dose . table xi______________________________________peak concentrations of test compound * in plasma associated withmedian effective doses______________________________________ ed . sub . 50 peak concn . infection ( mg ./ kg .) in plasma ( ug / ml . ) ______________________________________neisseria meningitidis n20 0 . 2 & lt ; 1streptococcus pyogenes c203 4klebsiella pneumoniae ad 8salmonella typhosa 6539 14escherichia coli 311 16 2 - 4staphylococcus aureus 3 14staphylococcus aureus rose 28staphylococcus aureus 5 46staphylococcus aureus smith 56 6 - 12aerobacter aerogenes 75 54diplococcus pneumoniae sv1 69shigella flexneri 2a m22 - 18 89 14 - 18proteus mirabilis 4671 60______________________________________ * 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole . the following organisms are used in an in vitro testing study involving the following species : neisseria gonorrhoeae ( 36 strains ), n . meningitidis ( 24 ), shigella flexneri ( ii ), s . sonnei ( 3 ), salmonella typhimurium ( 5 ), s . enteriditis ( 1 ), s . infantis ( 1 ), s . cholerasuis ( 1 ), s . organienburg ( 1 ), salmonella species not further identified ( 5 ), e . coli ( 24 ), enterobacter ( 21 strains of klebisella pneumoniae and aerobacter aerogenes ), proteus sp ., all indole - negative ( 20 ), pseudomonas sp . ( 10 ), d . pneumoniae ( 10 ), streptococcus pyogenes ( 15 ), staphylococcus aureus ( 23 ), streptococcus faecalis , enterococci ( 28 ). the media used are nutrient broth ( difco ), nutrient agar , nutrient agar containing 5 % defibrinated rabbit blood , or chocolate agar prepared by combining the following materials from bbl ; gc medium base , hemoglobin , and enrichment supplement . the effectiveness of the antibacterial agents against the clinical isolates is determined by the agar - dilution method . 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole is relatively insoluble in water ; therefore , a stock solution is prepared in dimethylsulfoxide ( dmso ) and serially diluted in dmso , then 0 . 1 ml . of dilution is mixed with 10 ml . of fluid agar . the concentration ( 1 %) of dmso did not affect the growth of the test cultures . the plates are inoculated with 10 - 3 dilutions of 5 hour broth cultures by means of a multiple inocula - replicator . ( steers , e ., e . l . foltz , and b . s . graves , &# 34 ; an inocula replicating apparatus for routine testing of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics ,&# 34 ; antibiot . chemotherapy 9 : 308 - 311 ( 1959 ). with meningococci and gonococci , 24 - to 48 - hour surface growth on chocolate agar is suspended in trypticase soy broth ( bbl ) for reading of 40 to 50 % transmittance at 530 nm in a bausch and lomb spectronic - 20 colorimeter ; the cultures are then diluted 1 , 000 - fold in broth . inoculated plates are incubated at 37 c for 24 hours ; meningococci and gonococci are incubated in an atmosphere of 5 % carbon dioxide . the lowest concentration of drug that completely inhibited growth is recorded as the minimal inhibitory concentration . for the comparison of inhibitory and killing concentrations , tests are performed in nutrient broth . a stock solution of the test compound in dmso ( 5 , 120 ug / ml .) is diluted 1 : 40 in broth and sterilized by filtration through a 0 . 2 - μm membrane filter ( millipore corp ., bedford , mass .). twofold dilutions of the sterile broth solution are inoculated with equal volumes of 10 - 3 dilutions of a 5 - hour broth culture and are incubated at 37 ° c . for 24 hours . subcultures are made from all clear tubes by plating 0 . 1 - ml . samples in duplicate and incubating the plates for 24 hours . the following table xii summarizes the results . table xii______________________________________activity of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - imidazole clinical isolates ( agar - dilutionmethod______________________________________ no . of isolates testorganism tested compound . sup . a______________________________________gonococcus 36 0 . 12meningococcus 24 1shigella 14 4salmonella 14 4e . coli 24 8enterobacter 21 8proteus 20 64pseudomonas 10 & lt ; 128diplococcus 10 4streptococcusgroup a 15 8staphylococcus 23 16enterococcus 28 64______________________________________ . sup . a drug concentration ( ug / ml .) required to inhibit 90 % of isolates the efficacy of the compounds of the present invention for enhancing the growth rate and for improving feed efficiency of animals is shown in the following tests . day - old chicks are divided into groups of ten birds each , five males and five females . these groups are then weighted , placed in pens and given free access to water and feed . the diet used is the same for both the test groups and the controls except that 100 ppm of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 -( 2 - hydroxyethyl )- 5 - nitroimidazole is admixed with the diet of the test groups . all feed is weighed such that an accurate determination as to the amount of gain per unit of feed can be ascertained . all groups are weighed at 0 and 19 days after the test is begun and the data obtained are reported below . table xiii , along with a description of the diet used . table xiii__________________________________________________________________________ wt . in grams % inc . over no . days gain lb . feed controlssupplement birds 0 19 19 days lb . gain gain f / g__________________________________________________________________________none 10 43 328 . 0 285 1 . 62none 10 43 . 1 296 . 2 253 1 . 62none 10 43 . 1 314 . 6 272 1 . 69none 10 43 . 1 335 . 8 293 1 . 60average 43 . 1 318 . 7 276 1 . 63100 ppm2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadia - zolyl )- 1 -( 2 - hydroxyethyl ) 5 - nitroimida - zole &# 34 ; 10 43 352 . 2 309 1 . 53 9 43 . 2 327 . 8 285 1 . 52average 43 . 1 340 297 1 . 525 7 . 6 % 6 . 5 % __________________________________________________________________________ diet______________________________________ingredient concentration (%) ______________________________________ground yellow corn 51 . 4soybean oil meal ( 44 %) 30 . 0corn gluten meal 5 . 0menhaden first meal ( 60 %) 5 . 0fat ( nrg - 50 ) 4 . 0dehydrated alfalfa meal ( 17 %) 2 . 0ground limestone ( 33 % ca ) 0 . 5dicalcium phosphate 1 . 2sodium chloride 0 . 3trace minerals . sup . 1 0 . 1vitamin premix . sup . 2 0 . 5______________________________________ . sup . 1 lime crest z - 2 delamix which contains 25 . 5 % calcium , 6 . 0 % manganese , 2 . 0 % iron , 2 . 0 % zinc , 0 . 12 % iodine and 0 . 02 % cobalt . . sup . 2 provides 3300 i . u . vitamin a , 1100 i . u . vitamin d . sub . 3 , 2 . 2 i . u . vitamin e , 500 mg . choline chloride , 500 mg ., dl - methionine , 125 mg . ethoxyquin , 27 . 5 mg . niacin , 8 . 8 mg . methionine , 125 mg . ethoxyquin , 27 . 5 mg . niacin , 8 . 8 mg . pantothenic acid , 4 . 4 mg . riboflavin , 1 . 43 mg . folic acid , 1 . 1 mg . menadione , 0 . 011 mg . vitamin b . sub . 12 per kilogram of feed . in the following tests , the same diet and procedure were used as described in example 53 above , excepting that 10 ppm . of test compound was included in the diets of test groups . table xiv__________________________________________________________________________ weight in grams % increase over number days gain lb . feed /- controlssupplement birds 0 19 19 days lb . gain gain f / g__________________________________________________________________________none 10 40 . 5 323 . 5 283 . 0 1 . 57 -- -- 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole 10 40 . 6 339 . 7 299 . 1 1 . 47 6 . 0 6 . 8none 10 41 . 9 332 . 0 290 . 1 1 . 52 -- -- 2 -( 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolyl )- 5 - piperidino - 1 , 3 , 4 - thiadiazole 10 42 . 0 334 . 7 292 . 7 1 . 48 1 . 0 2 . 7none 10 42 . 4 324 . 6 282 . 2 1 . 53 -- -- 10 43 . 7 322 . 2 278 . 5 1 . 53 -- -- 1 -[ 5 -( 1 - methyl - 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolyl )- 1 , 3 , 4 - thiadiazol - 2 - yl ]- 4 - 10 42 . 3 337 . 8 315 . 5 1 . 47 5 . 0 4 . 1 ( 2 - thiazolyl ) piperazine 10 43 . 7 346 . 9 303 . 2 1 . 50 9 . 0 2 . 0none 10 40 . 4 344 . 6 304 . 2 1 . 58 -- -- n -{ 5 -[ 1 -( 2 - hydroxyethyl )- 5 - nitro - 2 - imidazolyl ]- 1 , 3 , 4 - thiadiazol - 2 - yl - acetamide 10 40 . 4 345 . 9 305 . 5 1 . 57 0 . 7 0 . 6__________________________________________________________________________ two experiments are conducted on commercial swine farms in iowa to investigate the effects on daily gain and feed efficiency of young pigs from feeding various levels of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole in the ration . in each experiment , the pigs are weaned at approximately 4 weeks of age and placed on test immediately . the following experimental treatments are used : e . basal + aureo s . p . 250 ( 100 gm . of chlorotetracycline , 100 gm . of sulfamethazine and 50 gm . of penicillin / ton of feed ). the composition of the basal ration fed is shown in table xv . the length of these experiments is 42 days . the average performance data for these two experiments is shown in table xv . the daily gains for all three levels of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole are clearly superior to those for the unmedicated control pigs . the pigs receiving the two higher levels ( 100 and 200 grams per ton ) gained more rapidly than those receiving the lower level ( 50 gm ./ ton ). treatment e ( aureo s . p . 250 ) is included in these experiments as a positive control . a marked improvement in feed efficiency was obtained at all levels of 2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazole fed . table xv______________________________________basal swine ration______________________________________ingredient percent______________________________________ground yellow corn 55 . 5soybean oil meal ( 44 % protein ) 17 . 5rolled oats 10 . 0sugar 5 . 0dried skim milk 5 . 0dried whey 2 . 5fish meal 2 . 5dicalcium phosphate 1 . 5iodized salt 0 . 5trace minerals . sup . 1 + vitamins . sup . 2 + total 100 . 0______________________________________ . sup . 1 furnished the amounts of trace minerals in grams per ton : fe , 18 . 2 cu , 1 . 82 ; i , 1 . 09 ; co , . 18 ; and zn , 30 . . sup . 2 furnished the following amounts of vitamins per ton ; vitamin a , 4 , 000 , 000 i . u . ; vitamin d . sub . 2 ; 800 , 000 i . u . ; riboflavin , 6 g . ; pantothenic acid , 12 g . ; niacin , 27 g . ; choline chloride , 130 g . ; vitamin b . sub . 12 , 20 mg . ; folic acid , 120 mg . table xvi__________________________________________________________________________average performance data for young pigs fed several levels of2 -( 2 - amino - 5 - thiadiazolyl )- 1 - methyl - 5 - nitroimidazaole in the feed for 42__________________________________________________________________________days a b c d e__________________________________________________________________________ compound x ( gm / ton ) aureo s . p . control 50 100 200 250__________________________________________________________________________no . pigs started expt . 1 12 12 12 12 12 expt . 2 12 12 12 12 12 total 24 24 24 24 24mortality expt . 1 2 0 0 1 0 expt . 2 3 1 0 1 1 total 5 1 0 2 1av . initial wt ., lbs . expt . 1 14 . 7 14 . 7 14 . 5 14 . 9 14 . 9 expt . 2 17 . 4 17 . 0 17 . 5 17 . 3 17 . 5 average 16 . 0 15 . 8 16 . 0 16 . 1 16 . 2av . daily gain , lbs . expt . 1 . 56 . 63 . 65 . 71 . 69 expt . 2 . 51 . 60 . 83 . 76 . 63 average . 54 . 62 . 74 . 74 . 66av . feed / gain ratio expt . 1 2 . 46 2 . 43 2 . 35 2 . 30 2 . 29 expt . 2 3 . 22 2 . 59 2 . 40 2 . 49 2 . 83 average 2 . 84 2 . 51 2 . 38 2 . 40 2 . 56__________________________________________________________________________ after thoroughly mixing the above phase in 12 hard gelatin capsules . each capsule will contain 40 mg . of active drug . mix thoroughly and place in 6 hard gelatin capsules . each capsule contains 100 mg . of drug .
the use of substituted nitroimidazolyl - thiadiazoles and oxadiazoles are described along with methods of administration of the same . these compounds are active in enhancing the growth rate of warm - blooded animals and in controlling the growth of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria .