this device comprises two arms that are attached , one to each of the two handrails of an exercise treadmill to give the treadmill the cross training capability of simulating exercise of the upper body in cross country skiing . fig1 shows a side view of a typical treadmill with the cross training device attached to the handrails . fig2 shows a cross section of the handrails with the arms attached . the arms and mounting brackets for both handrails are the same , merely reversed in position , so the description which follows refers to only the one on the right . the arm 9 and the mounting bracket 10 are shown in fig1 and 2 . in fig2 the bracket 10 is connected to the other bracket with a bolt 11 forming a strut between the two brackets . this bolt fits within slots in each of the brackets thereby enabling adjustment of the distance between brackets to fit treadmills with different distances between handrails . an alternative design ( not shown ) of this connection between the two brackets comprises a separate coupling member , which is a flat bar with a long slot . when bolted in place it functions as an adjustable splice between the extended members of the two brackets which are cut short so as not to touch each other within the range of adjustment . either arrangement in which the two brackets are connected provides considerable lateral stability . the bracket 10 is bolted to handrail 12 with two bolts 13 and 14 . bolt 13 fits into a round hole in bracket 10 and a similar hole in flange 15 . bolt 14 fits within a slot in bracket 10 and fits within a similar slot in flange 15 . these slots enable horizontal adjustment of the attachment to fit different widths or diameters of handrails . bolts of different lengths are used to adjust vertically for different thicknesses or diameters of handrails . a piece of cloth or soft rubber ( not shown ) can be placed between the flanges of the bracket and the handrail to protect the handrail when the attachment is bolted tight . in fig1 arm 9 is shown with a bend . a straight arm without a bend will function satisfactorily as well . in fig2 the arms are shown to be straight from a lateral perspective , which works well when the arms are attached to the inside of the handrails . however , in fig3 showing another embodiment in which the arm 16 is mounted on the outside of the handrail , compound bends are used to position the upper end of the arm toward the center of the treadmill . this is a more natural and comfortable position for a user . fig1 - 3 relate to the embodiment of the invention described above in which the brackets mounted to the two handrails of the treadmill are connected to each other in the form of a strut . there are other embodiments of the invention in which the arm and bracket are attached independently to each of the handrails . one such embodiment ( not shown ) is exactly like the embodiment shown in fig2 except that the bracket 10 would have no connection with the bracket on the other handrail . in essence the vertical leg of the bracket would be cut off a short distance below the bolted connection 17 . there are numerous ways that this cross training device can be attached to the handrails of a treadmill . another embodiment that would fit all sizes and shapes of handrails is shown in fig4 . the bracket 18 is fastened to the handrail with a strap 19 and ratchet type buckle 20 . the strap 19 passes through slots in the top of the bracket and around the handrail . the slots are long enough to accommodate different sizes of handrail cross sections . the strap can be cinched up tight so as to hold the bracket and arm securely in place . bracket 18 shown here mounted independently , could also be modified ( modification not shown ) to have a strut connecting to the bracket on the other handrail . fig4 shows an embodiment of the invention which has a horizontal handle 21 installed at the top of the arm 22 . this handle consists of a bolt within a sleeve . the bolt holding the sleeve is attached to a threaded hole in the arm . the sleeve , which may have a soft grip for comfort , is free to rotate on the bolt . the advantage of this embodiment is that as the end of the arm swings back and forth in an arc a user &# 39 ; s hand gripping the sleeve will cause the sleeve to rotate thus eliminating any stress that might otherwise be transferred from the vertical arm of the device to the hand and wrist of the user . another means for attaching the bracket to a wide range of different handrails comprises a screw - type clamp as shown in fig5 . this constitutes another embodiment of the device . a threaded rod 23 with a swivel head 24 similar to the end on a standard u - bolt and a nut 25 is used to apply a compressive force between the lower flange 26 and bottom of the handrail . for installation , the nut 25 is threaded onto the rod 23 and seated on top of flange 26 with the swivel head 24 in position at the base of the handrail . the rod fits within a slot in the lower flange that enables it to be repositioned horizontally to fit different sizes of handrails . when in position , the nut can be turned to exert a compressive force between flange and the bottom of the handrail thus holding the bracket securely in place . yet another means for attaching the bracket to a wide range of different handrails comprises a spring - type clamp as shown in fig6 , another embodiment of the device . a leaf spring 27 attached to the upper part of the bracket 28 can be forced open to fit different diameters or sizes of handrails . two different sizes of handrails are depicted in this figure demonstrating how the spring will open up to accommodate different sizes . a small diameter handrail is shown with a solid line and one with a larger diameter is shown with a dashed line . a major purpose of this device is to provide cross training capability to treadmills already manufactured or treadmills produced in the future that do not have this capability . another application of this invention is on treadmills that could have cross training attachments permanently mounted to the handrails in the manufacturing process . there are numerous ways that could be accomplished . one of the ways , another embodiment of the device , shown in fig7 is to bolt the mounting bracket directly to the handrail with one or more bolts 29 . in this case , holes could be provided in the handrails during the manufacturing process . the cross training device could either be installed at that time or left to be installed later as an optional accessory . the mounting of a cross training device to handrails whether on existing treadmills or in the manufacturing process of new ones is novel and is intended to be covered by this patent application . in fig2 the arm 9 is shown attached to bracket 10 with a bolt , nut , and specially designed resistance - type washers . this assembly is typical for attachments in all embodiments , and a blown - up detail is shown in fig8 . the bolt 17 used to connect the arm to the bracket is similar to a typical carriage bolt which has a short length of square cross section next to the round head . this square part fits into a hole of exactly the same shape in the bracket so that the bolt is restrained from rotating . there are two special washers or wearing plates 30 and 31 between the arm 9 and the bracket 10 and two similar washers 32 and 33 between the arm 9 and the locking nut 34 . each of these washers has a flat wearing surface on one side where the washers come in contact with each other . this surface may be textured or roughened to provide added frictional resistance under a compressive force , and a light lubricant may be applied . the washers may be made of metal or tough , durable plastic that provides smooth frictional resistance as the compression is increased , and will wear slowly with repeated sliding of their surfaces back and forth against each other . each washer has on its reverse side a nub which fits into a recess in the part next to it . nub 35 fits into recess 36 in bracket 10 , and the nub 37 fits into recess 38 in arm 9 . nub 39 fits into recess 40 in nut 34 and nub 41 fits into recess 42 in arm 9 . when the nut 34 is tightened , the nubs held within the recesses constrain the washers from slipping except at their flat wearing surfaces . the nubs and recesses are merely an example of ways these parts can be keyed together to prevent movement relative to each other . all four washers are of exactly the same design , so the same part fits in all four locations . and , they can be easily removed and replaced after extended wear . in lieu of the specially designed washers described above , frictional resistance pads glued or otherwise attached to both sides of the arm 9 at the location of the washers comprise another embodiment of the device . the purpose of these designs is to provide a mechanism for adjusting the force required to move the arms back and forth as if in cross country skiing . by tightening the nut 34 to various positions , the resistance to movement is changed as is the level of exertion and exercise required by the user of the treadmill .
this device comprises two upward extending arms and mounting brackets which attach to the handrails of any treadmill and afford the user an opportunity to exercise the upper body in an action similar to cross country skiing .