the present invention provides devices and methods for treatment of a patient &# 39 ; s body cavity . for example , devices and methods having features of the invention are used to deliver radiation or other treatment into a biopsy site or into a cavity left after removal of cancerous tissue from the patient &# 39 ; s body . fig1 - 5 illustrate a catheter device 10 which has an elongated shaft 11 , a cavity filling member or balloon 12 on the distal portion of the shaft which for the most part defines the treatment location , and an adapter 13 on the proximal end of shaft 11 . a plurality of tubes 14 - 18 extend into the adapter 13 and are in fluid communication with lumens 20 - 24 respectively within the shaft 11 which are configured to receive one or more radiation sources 25 . the device 10 also has an inflation tube 26 which is in fluid communication with inflation lumen 27 that extends to and is in fluid communication with the interior of the balloon 12 to facilitate delivery of inflation fluid thereto . the inflation fluid may be radiopaque to facilitate imaging of the balloon and shaft within the patient . the lumen 27 is shown filled with radiopaque fluid in fig1 . the adapter 13 also has a vacuum tube 28 that is in fluid communication with lumens 30 and 31 . lumen 30 is in fluid communication with proximal vacuum port 32 and lumen 31 is in fluid communication with tubular member 33 which extends across the interior of balloon 12 and which in turn is in fluid communication with distal vacuum port 34 . radiation delivery tubes 35 - 39 extend through the interior of balloon 12 and are in fluid communication with lumens 20 - 24 within shaft 11 . the radiation delivery tubes 35 , 36 , 38 and 39 extend radially away from a center line axis 40 within the interior of balloon 12 in order to position a radiation source 25 closer to a first tissue portion surrounding a body cavity than a second tissue portion . while tubes 35 , 36 , 38 and 39 are shown as being slightly radially extended within the interior of balloon 12 , less than all of them may radially extend within the balloon 12 depending upon the need for a particular treatment . moreover , tubes 35 , 36 , 38 and 39 may be in a contracted state within recesses of support member 41 , and one or more of the tubes may be radially extended out of the recesses after the balloon 12 is deployed within a cavity at the target body site . the support element 41 , which extends between the proximal and distal ends of the balloon 12 , has four compartments 42 - 4 which are designed to receive tubular radiation delivery members 35 , 36 , 38 and 39 respectively . the radiation delivery tubes will not usually be radially extended to the extent that they contact the interior surface of the balloon 12 in an inflated condition . the balloon 12 is provided with two separate layers 50 and 51 as shown in fig3 . the expansion of the balloon 12 is illustrated in fig2 with the balloon in an as formed , non - turgid condition shown in phantom . the arrow 52 illustrates the expansion of the balloon from the formed condition to the turgid condition . the volumetric expansion is less than 200 % of the initial formed volume ( diameter shown as arrow 53 ), preferably less than 175 % and is typically about 75 to about 125 % of the initial balloon volume . while the inflated , turgid balloon 12 is shown as being spherical in shape , other shapes may be suitable , such as an ovoid shape . depending upon the material and the conditions at the body site , the wall of the turgid balloon may relax somewhat after reaching the turgid condition . the thicknesses of the balloon wall layers can vary depending upon the material characteristics and the number of layers . typically , the thickness of individual balloon wall layers range from about 0 . 0003 to about 0 . 006 inch , preferably about 0 . 001 to about 0 . 002 inch . the total thickness of the balloon wall is about 0 . 0006 to about 0 . 012 inch , preferably about 0 . 002 to about 0 . 004 inch . the radiation delivery tubes 14 - 18 , which extend into the adapter 13 , may extend through the lumens 20 - 24 in shaft 11 and may form tubes 35 - 39 which are received by the support member 40 and extend into the interior of balloon 12 . all of the radiation delivery tubes which extend through the interior of the balloon 12 would not necessarily be used in a particular irradiation procedure , but they would be available for use by the physician if needed , e . g . when the balloon 12 of the radiation catheter 10 is not in a desired position and rotation of the catheter is not appropriate or desirable . the shaft 11 is shown as a solid shaft having a plurality of passageways . however , the shaft 11 may be made more flexible by utilizing a plurality of elongated tubes 14 - 18 which are bundled together to form the shaft . multiple bands may encircle the tubular members along their length to hold the tubular members together . the radiation source 25 for the brachytherapy device 10 is shown as a radiation seed on the distal end of rod 41 . however , the radiation source 25 may be a solid or liquid radiation source . suitable liquid radiation sources include , for example , a liquid containing a radioactive iodine isotope ( e . g ., i 125 or i 131 ), a slurry of a solid isotope , for example , 198 au or 169 yb , or a gel containing a radioactive isotope . liquid radiation sources are commercially available ( e . g ., iotrex ®, proxima therapeutics , inc ., alpharetta , ga .). the radiation source 25 preferably includes brachytherapy seeds or other solid radiation sources used in radiation therapy . a catheter with a micro - miniature x - ray source may also be utilized . the radiation source 25 may be either preloaded into the device 10 at the time of manufacture or may be loaded into the device 10 before or after placement into a body cavity or other site of a patient . solid radionuclides suitable for use with a device 10 embodying features of the present invention are currently generally available as brachytherapy radiation sources ( e . g ., i - plant .™ med - tec , orange city , iowa .). radiation may also be delivered by a micro - miniature x - ray device such as described in u . s . pat . no . 6 , 319 , 188 . the x - ray tubes are small , flexible and are believed to be maneuverable enough to reach the desired location within a patient &# 39 ; s body . the radiation source 18 of the device 10 can include a radiation source which is solid or liquid or both , e . g . a slurry . suitable liquid radiation sources include , for example , a liquid containing a radioactive iodine isotope ( e . g ., i 125 or i 131 ), a slurry of a solid isotope , for example , 198 au or 169 yb , or a gel containing a radioactive isotope . liquid radiation sources are commercially available ( e . g ., iotrex ®, proxima therapeutics , inc ., alpharetta , ga .). the radiation source 18 preferably is one or more brachytherapy seeds , for example , a radioactive microsphere available from 3m company of st . paul , minn . other suitable brachytherapy radiation sources include i - plant ™, ( med - tec , orange city , iowa .). radiation may also be delivered by a microminiature x - ray tube catheter such as described in u . s . pat . no . 6 , 319 , 188 . x - ray tube catheters are small , flexible and are believed to be maneuverable enough to reach the desired location within a patient &# 39 ; s body . the device 10 can be provided , at least in part , with a lubricious coating , such as a hydrophilic material . the lubricious coating preferably is applied to the elongate shaft 11 or to the balloon 12 or both , to reduce sticking and friction during insertion and withdrawal of the device 10 . hydrophilic coatings such as those provided by ast , surmodics , tua systems , hydromer , or sts biopolymers are suitable . the surfaces of the device 10 may also include an antimicrobial coating that covers all or a portion of the device 10 to minimize the risk of introducing of an infection during extended treatments . the antimicrobial coating preferably is comprised of silver ions impregnated into a hydrophilic carrier . alternatively the silver ions are implanted onto the surface of the device 10 by ion beam deposition . the antimicrobial coating may also be an antiseptic or disinfectant such as chlorhexadiene , benzyl chloride or other suitable biocompatible antimicrobial materials impregnated into hydrophilic coatings . antimicrobial coatings such as those provided by spire , ast , algon , surfacine , ion fusion , or bacterin international would be suitable . alternatively a cuff member covered with the antimicrobial coating may be provided on the elongated shaft of the delivery device 10 at the point where the device 10 enters the patient &# 39 ; s skin . the balloon 11 may also be provided with radiopaque material to facilitate detection during ct , x - ray or fluoroscopic imaging . such imaging allows the physician or other staff to detect the size and shape of the balloon and whether the balloon is properly located at the desired location . preferably , the exterior surface of an inner layer of the balloon is coated at least in part with radiopaque material . one suitable method for coating the surface of the layer is to mix a polymer , preferably essentially the same polymer of the layer , with a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran and a radiopaque agent such as a powdered metallic material , e . g . titanium , gold , platinum and the like , or other suitable radiopaque materials . the mixture is applied to the exterior surface of an inner balloon layer and the solvent is allowed to evaporate , leaving the radiopaque material and the polymer bonded to the balloon layer . the multiple layers of the balloon are then secured to the catheter shaft . the device 10 may be used to treat a body cavity of a patient , e . g . a biopsy or lumpectomy site within a patient &# 39 ; s breast , in the manner described in the previously referred to co - pending applications . usually the adapter 13 on the proximal end of the catheter device extends out of the patient during the procedure when the balloon is inflated . the catheter shaft 11 is preferably flexible enough along a length thereof , so that once the balloon is inflated to its turgid condition , the catheter shaft can be folded or coiled and placed under the patient &# 39 ; s skin before the exterior opening of the treatment passageway to the treatment site is closed . at the end of the treatment time , e . g . 5 - 10 days , the exterior opening can be reopened and the catheter removed from the patient . see for example the discussion thereof in previously discussed co - pending application ser . no . 11 / 357 , 274 . radiation balloon catheters for breast implantation generally are about 6 to about 12 inches ( 15 . 2 - 30 . 5 cm ) in length , typically about 10 . 6 inch ( 27 cm ). the shaft diameter is about 0 . 1 to about 0 . 5 inch ( 2 . 5 - 12 . 7 mm ), preferably about 0 . 2 to about 0 . 4 inch ( 5 . 1 - 10 . 2 mm ), typically 0 . 32 inch ( 8 mm ). the individual radiation lumens are about 0 . 02 to about 0 . 15 inch ( 0 . 5 - 3 . 8 mm ), preferably about 0 . 04 to about 0 . 1 inch ( 1 - 1 . 5 mm ). the balloons are designed for inflated configurations about 0 . 5 to about 4 inches ( 1 . 3 - 10 . 2 cm ), typically about 1 to about 3 inches ( 2 . 5 - 7 . 5 cm ) in transverse dimensions , e . g . diameters . while particular forms of the invention have been illustrated and described herein , it will be apparent that various modifications and improvements can be made to the invention . to the extent not previously described , the various elements of the catheter device may be made from conventional materials used in similar devices . moreover , individual features of embodiments of the invention may be shown in some drawings and not in others , but those skilled in the art will recognize that individual features of one embodiment of the invention can be combined with any or all the features of another embodiment . accordingly , it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments illustrated . it is therefore intended that this invention be defined by the scope of the appended claims as broadly as the prior art will permit . terms such as “ element ”, “ member ”, “ component ”, “ device ”, “ means ”, “ manufacture ”, “ portion ”, “ section ”, “ steps ” and words of similar import when used herein shall not be construed as invoking the provisions of 35 u . s . c . § 112 ( 6 ) unless the following claims expressly use the terms “ means for ” or “ step for ” followed by a particular function without reference to a specific structure or action . all patents and all patent applications referred to above are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety .
the disclosure is directed to catheter devices and methods for controlled application of irradiation to tissue adjacent a body site , such as cavity after removal of tissue , e . g . cancer . the catheter device includes an inflatable balloon having at least two layers . the inflatable balloon has an expansion of more than 25 % and less than 200 % when inflated from the un - inflated condition to a turgid condition , preferably more than 50 % and less than 150 %. in the turgid condition the polymeric material of the balloon layers are at or near the elastic limit of the balloon layer material . the balloon may contain or be formed of or be coated with radiopaque material to facilitate positional or symmetry verification .