referring to fig1 , 5 and 6 , 10 indicates a furrow forming apparatus for a seed planter . apparatus 10 has a frame 11 . apparatus 10 includes a mounting means 12 for attachment to a mobile power source such as a tractor or tool bar for towing . mounting means 12 includes a head bracket 14 having lateral flanges 15 and 16 . bracket 14 has suitable holes for connection thereof to the tool bar by u - bolts and nuts . dual spaced upper links 19 are pivotally connected to the upper part of flanges 15 and 16 at pivots 20 by suitable fasteners and are similarly connected to frame 11 at 21 . dual , spaced lower links 22 are similarly connected between the noted flanges at pivots 24 and the frame at 25 . the conventional parallel link arrangement described allows the apparatus to follow the ground contour in operation . where the apparatus does not have sufficient weight to create the furrow , dual biasing means 26 are provided . each means 26 extends between channel 28 attached between upper links 19 and support structure which includes tube 29 rigidly connected between links 22 and braces 30 extending between tube 29 and each link 22 . means 26 includes spring 31 having a hook end 32 which connects with a suitable aperture in brace 30 . bolt 34 , top washer 35 and lock nut 37 along with internally threaded plug 38 which is also threaded inside spring 31 , connect the spring 31 to the top channel 28 . it can be seen that spring adjustment can be provided by loosening lock nut 37 and rotating bolt 34 clockwise which will cause the plug 38 to move thereto , thereby extending spring 31 . due to the connection of spring 31 to the upper links 19 remote from pivot 20 , compared to the hook end 32 of spring 31 which is located close to pivot 24 , the parallel linkage is spring loaded downwardly to increase the force applied to the opener disks 47 and 48 to ensure that they penetrate the soil . moving top channel 28 to other holes shown in top links 19 will provide further adjustment . frame 11 is a weldment that provides the necessary structure for all elements of the apparatus . as shown best in fig1 and 6 , frame 11 consists of left 39 and right hand 40 lower sheets that provide the support for the later to be described disks , compaction runner , seed shoe ( deflector ), and gauge wheels . frame 11 also includes upper channel 41 which is welded to the sheets and which houses the gauge wheel adjustment and spreader plate 42 which primarily provides support for left and right hand plates 43 and 44 on which are mounted pivots 21 and 25 of the parallel bar linkage . suitable structure in the plates provide stops as desired for the parallel linkage . referring also to fig6 support 46 is welded into sheets 39 and 40 and supports furrow forming disks 47 and 48 . preferably the axes of the 14 inch diameter disks are staggered longitudinally by one inch with left disk 47 forward and the axes inclined so that the included angle is 9 . 5 degrees and the disks substantially contact each other at a point forward of their axes at about 38 degrees downwardly from the horizontal . as shown in fig5 flange type bearings 49 are utilized which are rotatably connected to support 46 welded to frame 11 by bolts threaded therein . located below support 46 is pin 50 which loosely supports compaction runner 51 . runner 51 also has a lower v - shaped configuration that extends slightly below the disks to provide the desired firmed furrow configuration . runner 51 is also supported on rearward deflector or shoe 52 via pin 54 with shoe 52 being attached to sheets 39 and 40 by suitable cap screws shown . shoe 52 is also spaced for seed tube 55 which extends therebetween to drop seed rearward of the v - shaped portion of the runner 51 into a furrow . shoe 52 also prevents the movement of loose soil into the furrow until the seed has been deposited . located forwardly of support 46 and connected between sheets 39 and 40 by suitable fasteners is gauge wheel mounting 57 . mounting 57 has pins 58 and 59 which are staggered longitudinally by one inch as the disks , with pin 58 forward and the pins are threaded into the mounting on axes parallel to the disk axes . as shown best in fig1 mounted on pin 58 is left hand arm or support 60 . arm 60 has a rearwardly extending portion 61 that is connected to gauge wheel assembly 62 and a forwardly extending portion 64 . right hand arm of support 65 is similar to 60 , and has rearward portion 66 for gauge wheel assembly 67 ( not shown in fig1 ) but , because of the staggered mounting , has a longer forward upper portion 68 than 64 since they are transversely aligned to contact gauge wheel depth adjustment mechanism 69 . gauge wheel assembly 62 ( see fig4 ) is typical for both arms 60 and 65 and includes wheel 70 made from composite elements connected by suitable fasteners . each arm 60 ( and 65 ) is connected to a roller bearing 71 with an integral shaft by pin 72 . it is to be noted that the bore for bearing 71 in arm 60 is inclined laterally outwardly and downwardly by about 2 . 50 ° from the associated disk , as shown in fig3 so that radially inward , peripheral lip 74 of semi pneumatic tire 75 will substantially contact its disk at an arc of about 8 : 30 to 4 : 30 throughout its travel as shown in fig1 in broken lines and create uncompacted mound 74a of loose soil along the furrow wall . this arc extends beyond the point of entry of the disk into the soil and its exit and helps prevent flow of trash between wheel and disk . primarily it provides a mound of uncompacted soil for deposition into a furrow to provide uniform cover for the seed regardless of soil type in conjunction with the other gauge wheel . the flexing of tire 75 helps prevent the caking of soil thereon . gauge wheel adjustment mechanism 69 is shown best in fig1 and 7 . adjusting mechanism 69 is located in upper channel 41 of frame 11 and is readily accessible from the end of the apparatus remote from the tool bar . mechanism 69 includes hollow slide 77 located in channel 41 and supported for movement on pins 78 ( one shown ) extending through channel 41 and slots in slide 77 . slide 77 also has an end 79 extending through a suitable opening through spreader plate 42 . end 79 is rigid with the slide and has rod 80 extending transversely therethrough and rigid therewith . rod 80 extends between the ends of 64 of arm 60 and 68 of arm 65 and forward thereof . therefore rearward movement of slide 77 will force arms 60 and 65 rearwardly causing the associated wheel assemblies to move toward the soil thereby lifting frame 11 and thus raising the disks to create a shallower furrow . opposite movement will provide a deeper furrow . the movement of slide 77 is caused by a depth adjustment rod 81 having a right hand thread at its rearmost end that is engageable with a complementary internal thread in the rearward end of the slide 77 . indicator 82 is mounted on slide 77 . attached to the end of rod 81 is knob 84 . rotation of knob 84 clockwise will move indicator 82 and slide 77 rearward thus lowering the gauge wheels to create a shallow furrow . the indicator will move toward the zero gauge position shown in fig2 . turning counterclockwise will produce a counter result . as shown , the indicator indicates an approximate 2 inch planting depth . suitable detent means can be provided to maintain knob 84 in the set position . scrapers such as right hand scraper 86 ( see fig5 ) which extends from frame 11 is located outside of the 8 : 30 to 4 : 30 position of the contact of the gauge wheel with the disk noted , will remove soil that sticks to the disk as it leaves the furrow . normally , this soil falls back alongside the furrow or inside the gauge wheel rim where it moves out as water over a dam . however , when the tool bar is raised , and since each arm 60 and 65 can drop away from rod 80 , this allows the accumulated scraped soil to drop out from this area , aiding in cleaning the apparatus . referring to fig1 the gauge wheels are shown in broken lines at the same elevation of the disks at the zero furrow position . fig2 discloses the substantial meeting of the preferably staggered disks and the gauge wheels in the zero position . the solid line position of the gauge wheels in fig1 discloses a two inch planting furrow , while the upper broken line position shows the approximate highest elevation of the gauge wheels which provides approximately a four inch furrow depth . also to be noted from fig1 is that gauging occurs ( with little change ) between the maximum depth of the disks ( and laterally adjacent the disks ) and where the disks exit the soil . the compaction runner provides a consistent v - shaped firmed furrow bottom while the deflector or shoe prevents soil inflow into the furrow and provides support for the seed tube . fig3 discloses the gauged furrow and the mounds 74a of moist uncompacted soil for later deposition into the furrow after the seed during the planting process . it is felt that the operation of the apparatus is readily apparent from the description detailed above . the apparatus clearly provides an accurately gauged furrow wherein the gauging is accomplished laterally close to the disks and longitudinally close to the maximum depth achieved by the disks while primarily also maintaining desirable furrow characteristics .
an apparatus to be towed that includes a frame supported , rotatably mounted , pair of furrow forming disks that are arranged to substantially contact each other at the approximate point of entry into the soil and diverge apart rearwardly and upwardly , and a frame supported , rotatable gauge wheel located adjacent each disk , with each wheel having a radially inwardly located recessed lip immediately adjacent the disk to trap soil removed from the furrow to form a mound of moist and substantially uncompacted soil along the edge of the furrow .