fig1 shows a cartilage replacement implant 10 , as it is known from the prior art . it consists of only one cell carrier 12 , which may be inoculated with cells or not prior to implantation . in fig1 , the cartilage replacement implant 10 is inserted into a cartilage defect 14 of an otherwise intact cartilage area 16 of a joint in the human body . the cartilage area 16 is formed by a bone 18 and articular cartilage 22 covering the surface 20 thereof . for the sake of simplicity , the structure of the bone 18 and the articular cartilage 22 covering the surface 20 thereof is represented as a two - layer model . in nature , the transition from bone to cartilage usually occurs via a gradient of several millimeters in length . the cartilage defect 14 may have been caused by , for example , traumatic or inflammatory , degenerative processes . as shown schematically in fig1 , the cartilage defect 14 forms a gap in the cartilage area 16 , which is delimited at the sides by cartilage edges 26 of the intact cartilage area 16 . the cartilage edges 26 are substantially smooth and result from removal of degenerative cartilage prior to insertion of the cartilage replacement implant 10 . fig1 shows the replacement implant after it has grown in , i . e ., after at least partial resorption of the implant . as a result of the contraction , the cell carrier forms an arched cell carrier surface 30 facing away from the bone 18 . the cell carrier 12 contracts as a whole , which results in formation of a contraction gap 28 surrounding the cell carrier 12 . the contraction gap 28 forms between the cartilage edges 26 and the cell carrier surface 30 of the cell carrier 12 pointing in the direction of these . such a persistent gap formation in the area of transition between intact cartilage area 16 and cartilage replacement implant 10 , as biomechanical weak point , often forms the starting point of further cartilage degeneration . for the sake of simplicity , identical reference numerals are used to describe the cartilage defect in the following figures . fig2 shows an inventive cartilage replacement implant , which is generally designated by reference numeral 40 . prior to implantation , it is substantially disc - shaped and has an outer contour which is adapted to the cartilage defect 14 , in order to fill out the space 24 in the cartilage area 16 as completely as possible . the cartilage replacement implant 40 is of two - phase configuration , i . e ., it comprises a carrier layer 42 and a cell carrier layer 44 joined with surface - to - surface contact thereto . the carrier layer 42 is thinner than the cell carrier layer 44 and typically has a thickness of from 0 . 01 mm to 0 . 8 mm . the thickness of the cell carrier layer ranges from 0 . 3 mm to 3 . 5 mm . layer thicknesses of the carrier layer 42 and the cell carrier layer 44 are typically selected in dependence upon the depth of the cartilage defect 14 . both the carrier layer 42 and the cell carrier layer 44 are made from a biocompatible resorbable material . the mechanical stability of the carrier layer 42 is greater than that of the cell carrier layer 44 . similarly , the resorption time of the carrier layer 42 is longer than that of the cell carrier layer 44 . in addition , the carrier layer 42 has a denser structure than the cell carrier layer 44 . the latter is of sponge - like construction and has a pore width of from 30 μm to 500 μm . the carrier layer 42 , on the other hand , has pore widths of at most 20 μm . the macroscopic structure of the cell carrier layer 44 is defined by a large number of block - shaped or cube - shaped cell carrier elements in the form of units 46 , which are formed by cutting into the cell carrier layer in the direction towards the carrier layer 42 . the units 46 are , therefore , separated from one another by cut gaps 48 and are only joined to one another via the carrier layer 42 . for example , the individual units 46 may be adhesively joined to the carrier layer 42 . fig3 shows the cartilage replacement implant 40 inserted into the cartilage defect 14 in longitudinal section . it fills out the space 24 practically completely . a bone - contacting surface 54 , facing away from the carrier layer 42 , of the cell carrier layer 44 lies essentially directly on the surface 20 of the bone 18 . after resorption of the cell carrier layer 44 has started , the individual units 46 contract , which results in enlargement of the cut gaps 48 to contraction gaps 50 . owing to the fixed connection of the cell carrier layer 44 to the carrier layer 42 and growth of the units 46 onto the surface 20 of the bone 18 , the units 46 assume a cooling - tower - like shape . owing to the greater mechanical stability of the carrier layer 42 , it does , however , maintain its original shape for a considerably longer time than the cell carrier layer 44 , so that the cell carrier surface 52 , which completes the cartilage surface 32 of the cartilage area 16 in the area of the cartilage defect 14 , remains unchanged in its implanted position . therefore , the cartilage surface 32 , which forms a joint surface of the bone 18 , also remains intact after resorption of the cell carrier layer 44 has started , differently from the case with implants known from the prior art as shown in fig1 . contraction gaps do arise between units 46 in the edge area of the cartilage replacement implant 40 and result from machining smooth cartilage edges 26 of the intact cartilage area 16 , but are so small that they do not form a point of attack , i . e ., a biomechanical weak point . if , prior to implantation , the cell carrier layer 44 was inoculated with cells , for example , chondrocytes cultured and proliferated from the body &# 39 ; s own cells , these can then build up a new layer of cartilage which fills out the space 24 entirely after complete resorption of the cell carrier layer 44 and the carrier layer 42 . fig5 shows a second cartilage replacement implant , generally designated by reference numeral 40 ′. in its basic structure it is similar to the cartilage replacement implant 40 , and , therefore , identical reference numerals with the addition of a prime “′” are used . it comprises a carrier layer 42 ′, which rests with surface - to - surface contact on a cell carrier layer 44 ′ and is joined to the latter . differently from the cell carrier layer 44 , the cell carrier layer 44 ′ is not divided up into individual units 46 , but remains in one piece . it is , however , also conceivable to provide the cell carrier layer 44 ′ with cut gaps 48 so that individual units 46 are formed . to fix the cartilage replacement implant 40 ′ in place , a bone - contacting surface 54 ′ of the cell carrier layer 44 ′ is adhesively bonded to the surface 20 of the bone 18 . alternatively , only a ring surface of the carrier layer 42 ′ resting against the healthy cartilage edge 26 is adhesively bonded to the cartilage edge 26 . alternatively or additionally , holding pins 70 , which have a head 72 resting against the carrier surface 52 ′, extend through the entire cartilage replacement implant 40 ′ and are anchored in the bone 18 , may be provided . alternatively or additionally , the bone replacement implant 40 ′ may be sutured to the intact cartilage area 16 in the area of the cartilage edges 26 . resorbable threads 74 are used for this purpose , and the cartilage replacement implant 40 ′ is fixed in place by appropriate formation of knots 76 at the cartilage surface 32 and the carrier surface 52 ′. it is preferable for both the adhesive and the holding pins 70 that are used to consist of a biocompatible resorbable material . the holding pins 70 , the described suture material and the adhesive may also be used together with the cartilage replacement implant 40 .
to improve a cartilage replacement implant for the biological regeneration of a damaged cartilage area of articular cartilage in the human body , comprising a cell carrier which has a defect - contacting surface for placement on the damaged cartilage area and is formed and designed for colonization with human cells , so that after implantation of the cartilage replacement implant , formation of a gap between adjacent contact surfaces of the implant and surrounding recipient tissue is minimized , it is proposed that the cell carrier rest with surface - to - surface contact on a carrier and be joined to the carrier at a cell carrier surface that faces away from the defect - contacting surface . a method for producing a cartilage replacement implant is also proposed .