referring now to fig1 through 4 , a sanitary device 50 includes a toilet bowl 51 . on the rear end portion 51a of the toilet bowl 51 there is installed a casing 53 having a base plate 53a and a cover member 53b detachably mounted thereto . the cover member 53b has a pair of forwardly projected portions 53c , 53c ( only one is shown in fig1 ). a pin 54 is rotatably supported on a side - wall 53d of the portion 53c . an inner end portion 54a of the pin 54 is fixed to a rear end projection 52a of a seat 52 . thus , the seat 52 is pivotably or hingedly connected to the rear end portion 51a of the toilet bowl 51 to be raised and covered . in the casing 53 a sector member 56 having on the outer periphery thereof a series of teeth 56a is clamped on an outer end portion 54b of the pin 54 by a cotter pin 55 . thus , the sector member 56 is movable together with the seat 52 . in the casing 53 a shock - absorber 57 is installed . the shock - absorber 57 serves for preventing a hard collision of the seat 52 , which is being moved downwardly , with the upper side 51b of the toilet bowl 51 . the shock - absorber 57 includes a stationary member 54 formed integrally with the base plate 53a and a shaft 61 connected to the stationary member 54 . the shaft 61 is in parallel with the pin 54 . on the shaft 61 , a rotating member 58 is mounted via one - way clutch 60 which is of well - known configuration . between the rotating member 58 and an outer body 60c of the one - way clutch 60 , an annular clearance 59 is defined . the rotating member 58 is provided at an outer periphery thereof with a series of teeth 58a which are engageable with the teeth 56a of the sector member 56 . the clearance 59 is filled with viscous fluid so as to generate a shearing force or mechanical friction between the outer body 60c of the one - way clutch 60 and the rotating member 58 upon rotation thereof . when the seat 52 is out of use and pivoted into fully raised position as shown in fig2 the shock - absorber 57 is isolated from the sector member 56 . under this condition , the angle of inclination of the seat 52 relative to the upper side 51b of the toilet bowl 51 is indicated by angle α . when the inclination of the seat 52 relative to the upper side 51b of the toilet bowl 51 reaches a set value indicated by angle β during downward or lowering movement of the seat 52 , as apparent from fig3 the sector member 56 is brought into meshing engagement with the rotating member 58 . the rotating member 58 is then rotated in the clockwise direction . the outer body 60c of the one - way clutch is prevented from rotation in the clockwise direction so that rotation of the sector member 56 is decelerated due to shearing force between the rotating member 58 and the stationary outer body 60c of the one - way clutch 60 . thus , the seat 52 is brought into rest on the upper side 51b is brought into rest on the upper side 51b of the toilet bowl 51 without a hard collision . during downward rotation from the angle α to the angle β of the seat 52 , the seat 52 is movable without deceleration or resistance . when the seat 52 is raised again , raising movement of the seat 52 is performed in a smooth manner because the one - way clutch 60 is out of operation . instead of the sector member 56 with the teeth 56a and a rotating member 58 with the teeth 58a , a sector member 156 having an arcuate outer surface and a rotating member 158 around which a resilient member 49 is mounted , are used as shown in the second embodiment of fig5 through 8 . in such a construction , the sector member 156 is in frictional engagement with the resilient member 49 on the rotating member 158 . the operation of this embodiment is the same as the first embodiment . referring to the embodiment of fig9 through 11 , a shock - absorber 157 in the form of an air bag 66 is provided beneath an upper portion 53c of the cover member 53b of the casing 53 . the air bag 66 is made of synthetic resin and is formed into a bellows configuration . an annular periphery of an upper end portion of the air bag 66 is connected in a fluid tight manner to the upper portion 53c of the cover member 53b via sealing member 68 . a lower end portion of the air bag 66 is provided at a central portion thereof with a downward projection 66d having an air passage 66a extending therethrough . another air passage 66b in the form of an orifice is formed in the lower end portion of the air big 66 . the inside 66c of the air bag 66 is in fluid communication with the outside thereof through the air passages 66b and 66a while the air bag 66 is in fully expanded oondition as shown in fig9 . a lever 65 is fixedly connected to the seat 52 via pin 54 so as to be movable together with the seat 52 . the lever 65 is provided at a distal end portion thereof with a convex portion in which a resilient member 67 is set . a lid 70 is rotatably mounted on the pin 54 so as to be movable relative to the seat 52 . in fig9 after γ degrees rotation of the seat 52 in the counter - clockwise direction from a rest position illustrated in solid lines to a position illustrated in phantom lines , the resilient member 67 is brought into engagement with the projection 66d of the air bag 66 whereby the air passage 66a is closed . in accordance with further counter - clockwise rotation of the seat 52 and the lever 65 , air in the air bag 66 is gradually discharged from the orifice 66b . since the resulting air - discharge provides a shock - absorbing operation , upon engagement of the seat 52 with tne upper side 51b of the toilet bowl 51 ( fig1 ), no hard collision therebetween occurs . as apparent from fig1 , during raising movement of the seat 52 , air is being introduced into the air bag 66 due to expansion thereof . as seen from fig1 , for assisting such expansion of the air bag 66 , a spring 71 may be available . a check valve 72 is also available , so as to prevent introduction of air into the bag 66 during downward movement of the seat 52 and permit the introduction of air into the bag upon upward movement of the seat . in fig1 through 15 , an oil - damper 76 acting as a shock - absorber is fixed to the base plate 53a of the casing by a bolt 77 . as is well - known , the oil - damper 76 has a rod 78 for receiving a downwardly directed force as the seat is covered . when a lever 256 , movable together with the seat 52 , is brought into engagement with the rod 78 after α degrees of movement of the seat 52 in the counter - clockwise direction , a piston 80 secured to the rod 78 is moved in the downward direction against a spring 81 . during downward movement of the piston 80 as a result of rotation of the seat 52 beyond the angle β , fluid 82 in a lower chamber 83a of a body 83 is forced into an upper chamber 83b through an annular clearance 80a defined between the piston 80 and the body 83 ( fig1 ). upon disengagement of the rod 78 with the lever 256 due to clockwise rotation of the seat 52 , the piston 80 is moved in the upward direction so as to be returned to its original position due to expansion of the spring 81 . during upward movement of the piston 80 , fluid in the upper chamber 83b is supplied to the lower chamber 83a through a check - valve 84 which controls the passage 84a ( fig1 ). in fig1 through 18 , a bracket 90 is fixed to the pin 54 so as to be movable together with the seat 52 . the bracket 90 has a pair of spaced walls 90a , 90a . opposite end portions of the shaft 91 are rotatably supported by the walls 90a , 90a , respectively . a rod 178 of an oil - damper 176 is connected to the middle portion of the shaft 91 and depends therefrom . during α degrees rotation of the seat 52 , the oil - damper 176 is transferred from a rest position illustrated in phantom lines to a position illustrated in solid lines along a curved surface 95a of a guide member 95 on the base plate 53a . in accordance with further rotation of the seat 52 , the oil - damper 176 acts as a shock - absorber . while the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof , it will be understood by those in the art that the foregoing and other changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention .
a shock - absorber is provided at a rear end portion of a toilet bowl is brought into operative engagement with a seat when inclination of the seat relative to an upper side of the toilet bowl becomes less than a set value . thus , lowering or downward movement of the seat may be performed more quickly during the initial portion of the lowering movement prior to engagement with the shock absorber .