the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the following figures : fig1 is a schematic illustration of the anatomy of the nail fig2 is a schematic illustration of an ingrown toenail fig3 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a microwave treatment system fig4 is a schematic illustration of functional representation of a microwave treatment system for application to treat onychocryptosis and other dermatological conditions . fig5 is a schematic illustration of a microwave partial matrixectomy treatment for onychocryptosis . fig6 is a schematic illustration of the microwave assisted vandenbos procedure . the anatomy of the nail is illustrated in fig1 , this comprises the nail plate ( corpus unguis ) 1 , the lateral horns ( lunula ) 2 , the nail root ( germinal matrix ), ( radix unguis ) 3 , the lateral nail fold ( paronychium ), 4 , the quick ( hyponychium ) 5 , the nail bed ( sterile matrix ) 6 , the cuticle ( eponychium ) 7 , the nail cleft ( sinus unguis ) 8 the periosteum 9 , the ventral floor 10 . an illustration of onychocryptosis is presented in fig2 , in this diagrammatic view a section of the nail 11 has grown into the nail wall resulting in swelling and algia . an embodiment of a microwave power generator system for medical applications is illustrated in fig3 . the apparatus comprising : — a microwave source for providing microwave energy 12 , connectable to a system controller 13 for controlling at least one property of the microwave radiation provided by the microwave source ; and a monitoring system 14 for monitoring the delivery of energy and an interconnecting cable 15 and an applicator hand piece 16 and a removable applicator means 17 , for example an applicator device , for delivering microwave energy , wherein : — the applicator is configured to deliver precise amounts of microwave energy provided by the source at a single frequency or across a range of frequencies . the source in one embodiment comprises a micronetics mw500 - 1388 oscillator connected to an empower bbm5k8cgm amplifier . in alternative embodiments , any suitable oscillator or other source can be used , for example any dielectric resonator oscillator ( dro ) or any crystal oscillator ( xo ) provided they possess the desired frequency bandwidth . the amplifier in one embodiment is connected to a microwave circulator , for example an meca cs - 6 . 000 which permit the flow of signals in one direction and a microwave coupler , for example an meca 722n - 30 - 3 . 100 . the microwave coupler and microwave circulator are connectable to a transmission line , in the form of high frequency coaxial cable ( for example having 50ω impedance , in this case huber + suhner sucoflex 400 ) having a physical length ( and associated electrical phase length ), which is arranged to deliver high power energy to the applicator device ( for example a ceramic microwave applicator based upon pacific ceramics pd - 160 material ) or other load , such as an antenna , probe or other radiator of energy . the controller may be a suitably programmed pc or other computer , or a dedicated hardware device , and is operable to control operation of the oscillator and / or the amplifier , thereby to control one or more properties of the microwave radiation generated by the microwave source . the monitoring system may include forward and reverse power measurement circuits that comprise diode detector devices ( in this case , an agilent 33330c option 003 ) that are operable to measure forward and reverse signals at a port of the microwave coupler . any other suitable monitoring system may be provided . the controller is operable to control the source to output microwave radiation at a desired frequency or range of frequencies , at a desired power level and for a desired period of time . fig4 shows the components of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention , the components shown separately for ease of reference . the apparatus comprises a generator system 18 with a locking microwave connection 19 to a flexible microwave cable 20 connected to a hand piece 21 ( which may have the same type of locking connection ) which accepts an applicator component 22 . the applicator component is designed to match to the tissue properties of the germinal matrix 3 . the cable 20 may include both microwave and signal data cables and may be reversible to enable connection to either port . the applicator component may dimensionally similar to a lempert elevator . fig5 shows an embodiment of a microwave treatment for onychocryptosis . in this embodiment a segment of the ingrown nail is conventionally excised to allow access to the radix unguis 24 . a microwave applicator 22 is introduced under the eponychium 25 and microwave energy is applied to the germinal matrix 26 producing targeted tissue damage and permanently preventing regrowth of the nail keratin . the narrower nail 27 releases the lateral pressure on the paronychium tissue resolving the onychocryptosis condition . the treatment can be single sided or double sided depending upon the extent of the onychocryptosis . the microwave frequency chosen will be sufficient that the penetration of energy will be limited to the germinal matrix to prevent damage to the underlying tissues such as the periosteum or other tissues that are not intended to be ablated . an alternative embodiment of a microwave onychocryptosis treatment is illustrated in fig6 where a microwave applicator 22 is used to ablate the paronychium tissue 28 at the side of the nail , leaving the nail intact and removing the lateral pressure against the nail 29 , resulting in a more cosmetically attractive result as the nail is intact and is symmetrical . this technique is hereby referred to as a microwave assisted vandenbos procedure . it will be understood that embodiments of the present invention have been described above purely by way of example , and modifications of detail can be made within the scope of the invention . each feature disclosed in the description , and ( where appropriate ) the claims and drawings may be provided independently or in any appropriate combination .
a method of treating or preventing a nail disorder comprises administering to a subject having / suffering from or susceptible / predisposed to , said nail disorder , a therapeutically effective amount or dose of microwave energy .