referring to the drawings , wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements , there is shown in fig1 - 5 , a polyaxial locking mechanism or ring designated generally by reference numeral 10 . ring 10 is preferably designed so as to be received within an aperture formed in a bone plate designed for use with the ring . this will be discussed more fully below . the figures depict a preferred embodiment ring 10 . however , it is to be understood that ring 10 may vary in size and / or shaped depending upon the particular plate it is designed for . likewise , differently configured rings fall within the scope of the present invention . for example , certain of the below discussed elements of ring 10 may vary according to the ultimate use of the ring within a particular patient . as is best shown in the perspective view of fig1 , ring 10 essentially consists of a body 12 which forms a ring - shape save for a slot 14 . in the preferred embodiment , ring 10 is circular with a central axis 13 . body 12 includes several distinct elements and / or sections . more particularly , body 12 includes three peaks 16 a - c separated by three valleys 18 a - c , two cut outs 20 a - b in the form of axial grooves ( 20 b is best shown in fig2 ), a circumferentially extending interior groove 22 , a lower circumferential wall 24 and a plurality of exterior grooves separated into three distinct exterior grooved areas 26 a - c . the ring shape of body 12 also forms a central opening 28 that is capable of receiving the head of a screw , a rod or other fixation mechanism . furthermore , the cooperation between peaks 16 a - c and adjacent valleys 18 a - c forms tapered flanks 30 a - f . the use of each of these elements will be discussed in detail below , as will their cooperation with other components in a bone plate system . as is mentioned above , ring 10 is designed so as to be received within an aperture 52 of a bone plate 50 ( see the fully constructed top view of fig7 ). the cooperation between ring 10 and aperture 52 is such that polyaxial movement of ring 10 is allowed , prior to tightening of the ring with respect to the plate . initially , ring 10 is capable of rotating ( to a certain extent ) about several different axis with respect to aperture 52 . aperture 52 is preferably non - circular , such that a tightening rotation of ring 10 about an axis normal to aperture 52 ( i . e ., in the direction of central axis 13 ) causes constriction of ring 10 . more particularly , rotation of ring 10 in this fashion causes a reduction in the size of slot 14 and central opening 28 . this constriction thereby locks or retains ring 10 on the fastening element and in position with respect to plate 50 and also retains any screw , rod or other fixation mechanism disposed within central opening 28 . it is to be understood that cut outs 20 a and 20 b are provided to weaken the overall structure of body 12 and therefore make the rotation and constriction of ring 10 easier . because cut outs 20 a and 20 b are disposed on the interior of body 12 their inclusion essentially removes material in body 12 which thereby provides deflectable weakened wall areas which lessens the force provided by the structure against constriction . thus , normal tightening rotation of ring 10 is preferably made much easier . the aforementioned constriction capabilities of ring 10 require that body 12 be constructed of a material suitable for the movement required . in addition , ring 10 is preferably designed so that upon a loosening rotation of ring 10 with respect to plate 50 , the constriction force is reduced or completely removed . hence , body 12 of ring 10 must also be resilient enough to allow this opposite spring back motion of its material . suitable materials include , but are not limited to ti6al4v eli , stainless steel , polymers , absorbable polymers , titanium and any other suitable material . furthermore , it is contemplated that ring 10 may , in certain sections , be coated with a hard surface layer to ensure proper cooperation with plate 50 . for example , in embodiments where plate 50 is also constructed of ti6al4v eli , ring 10 may be coated in certain areas or over its entire surface with tinbn . this difference in materials preferably creates a difference in hardness level between the two parts , with the coating of ring 10 being harder than the material of plate 10 . thus , ring 10 or its surface may be coated with any material that is harder than that of plate 50 . some other materials , may include titanium and the like . this will be discussed more fully below . fig6 depicts the cooperation between ring 10 and a bone screw 32 . of course , it is to be understood that ring 10 may be utilized in conjunction with other fixation mechanisms , such as threaded or unthreaded rods , pins , or the like . bone screw 32 as shown includes a head portion 34 and a threaded shank 36 . while threaded shank 36 is typical of a standard shank of a bone screw ( either self tapping or not ), head portion 34 includes several elements tailored towards cooperation with ring 10 . first , head portion 34 is sized and configured so that upon insertion of shank 36 through central opening 28 a bottom surface 40 of the head portion engages circumferential wall 24 of body 12 . this engagement prevents screw 32 from being completely pushed through central opening 28 . a top surface 38 of head portion 34 preferably includes a depression and / or extension 42 ( best shown in fig7 ) capable of engaging an insertion tool , such as a screw driver . head portion 34 is also provided with an axial groove 44 which essentially divides head portion 34 into a top section 46 and a bottom section 48 . upon the above - discussed constriction of ring 10 , bottom section 48 is preferably engaged within interior groove 22 formed in body 12 . this engagement or cooperation preferably creates a stronger connection between ring 10 and screw 32 to ensure that they lock rotationally . fig7 depicts the cooperation among ring 10 , screw 32 , and bone plate 50 . as is discussed above , ring 10 is disposed within a properly sized and shaped aperture 52 formed in plate 50 . this may be done prior to a surgical procedure , such that plate 50 is packaged with ring 10 already disposed therein . during an operation , a surgeon or other medical professional first preferably positions plate 50 with respect to a bone surface . this step may involve manipulating two bones or bone fragments with respect to one another . with plate 50 positioned , screw 32 is then inserted through central opening 28 . during or subsequent this step , screw 32 may be polyaxially moved , as is allowed by the cooperation of ring 10 and aperture 52 . thus , screw 32 may be positioned about several different axis so as to create the necessary force to hold two bones or bone fragments together , so as to engage a certain portion of the bone surface , and / or for any other reason determined by the surgeon or medical professional . once properly positioned , screw 32 may be tightened into the bone surface . it is noted that for self tapping screws , a simple tightening of same may suffice . otherwise , for other types of screws , a drilling step may be required prior to insertion of the screw in the bone . this drilling step is preferably done prior to introduction of screw 32 within central opening 28 , and may or may not involve the use of a drill guide . upon fully tightening of screw 32 into the bone , bottom surface 40 of head portion 34 engages circumferential wall 24 of body 12 ( this position is depicted in fig6 ). ring 10 and screw 32 may now be locked with respect to plate 50 . fig8 and 9 depict the tightening of ring 10 with respect to plate 50 , as well as a ring driver 60 utilized in this tightening step . it is to be understood that this tightening step requires the use of ring driver 60 ( or another suitable tool ) to rotate ring 10 to create the aforementioned constriction and locking . fig1 depicts one suitable ring driver 60 for use with the above - described ring 10 and plate 50 . ring driver 60 preferably includes an elongate portion 62 connected to a driver head 64 . it is noted that elongate portion 62 may comprise a handle , or , as is shown in fig8 - 10 , an end of the portion opposite to head 64 may include an interface 66 for connection to another tool like a manual or motorized handpiece , a drill , or the like . driver head 64 preferably includes at least one , and preferably three fingers 68 a - c sized and shaped so as to be capable of being disposed between peaks 16 a - c , within valleys 18 a - c . more particularly , fingers 68 a - c are preferably sized so that they may easily fit within valleys 18 a - c respectively , and preferably include surfaces 70 a - f which are essentially mirror images of tapered flanks 30 a - f . this ensures a snug fit between the components . it is to be understood that there may exist some play between the structure of fingers 68 a - c and peaks 16 a - c . thus , rotation of driver 60 in either direction may first involve a slight movement of fingers 68 a - c with respect to ring 10 . however , the ultimate snug fit between driver 60 and ring 10 preferably allows for a better grip and fluid force transmission during tightening / loosening of ring 10 with respect to plate 50 . during tightening of ring 10 within aperture 52 of plate 50 , the plurality of grooves formed on exterior grooved areas 26 a - c preferably cut into the inside surface of aperture 52 . this creates a strong , form fit contact . in preferred embodiments , the grooves on areas 26 a - c are designed so that different friction forces are exhibited on ring 10 upon tightening . for instance , the friction between ring 10 and plate 50 is increased perpendicular to the grooves formed on exterior grooved areas 26 a - c after tightening . this allows for less of a forced to be required for tightening , than for loosening , thereby preventing the unwanted loosening of ring 10 with respect to plate 50 . hence , rotation of ring 10 in one direction is easier than in the other . in addition , the grooves on areas 26 a - c may be tapered off so that full polyaxial movement of ring 10 with respect to plate 50 may be allowed when ring 10 is in the loosened position , but , upon tightening , the grooves properly cut into the inside of aperture 52 . it is to be understood that the above - described difference in material hardness on certain sections of ring 10 with regard to plate 50 preferably applies to areas 26 a - c . in other words , areas 26 a - c are preferably coated with a material which exhibits harder properties than that of at least the inside surface of aperture 52 . this ensures easy and more solid cutting of ring 10 into plate 50 , which in turn provides a more solid locking between the two components . when ring 10 is fully rotated in the tightening direction , ring 10 , screw 32 , and plate 50 are all preferably locked with respect to one another . of course , rotation in the opposite , or loosening direction , back to the original position preferably allows polyaxial movement of ring 10 and screw 32 with respect to plate 50 . thus , if for any reason , the surgeon or medical professional determines that screw 32 has been improperly positioned after tightening , ring 10 may be loosened and the screw may be repositioned . the step may also be performed through the use of driver 60 . the above described improved polyaxial locking mechanism or ring 10 essentially strengthens the locking among ring 10 , screw 32 , and plate 50 . cut outs 20 a and 20 b , and tapered flanks 30 a - f ( and their cooperation with fingers 68 a - c of driver 60 ) preferably make for an easier constriction of the ring , and hence easier tightening of ring 10 with respect to plate 50 . the cooperation between interior groove 22 of ring 10 and bottom section 48 of screw 32 preferably ensures that the screw remains within the ring , even upon the application of push - out forces and bending forces caused by rotational movement of screw 32 with respect to plate 50 . these forces may be created upon the shifting of plate 50 or the bone surfaces being treated . additionally , the fact that the grooves of areas 26 a - c cut into the interior of aperture 52 creates a solid interface between ring 10 and plate 50 in the tightened position . all of this creates a stronger polyaxial locking between any bone plate employing ring 10 and suitable fixation mechanism , such as a screw , rod or the like . it is to be understood that the polyaxial locking mechanism of the present invention may take on many different forms . for example , although shown as being a circular ring , it is contemplated to provide a differently shaped structure , such as an oblong structure or a shape including one or more straight sides . in addition , it is to be understood that the present invention may be applied to any known bone plate , with such plate including an aperture or the like suitable for reception of the polyaxial locking mechanism therein . finally , it is to be understood that in accordance with the present invention , the polyaxial locking mechanism may be designed so as to be retained within an aperture of a bone even without locking between the two . for example , in the above - described embodiment of the present invention , aperture 52 of plate 50 is preferably designed so as to include a curvature which tends to accept and retain ring 10 therein . in such a case , polyaxial movement is still allowed when ring 10 is in the initial position , and prevented upon tightening . although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments , it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention . it is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims .
an improved polyaxial mechanism is disclosed . the mechanism preferably works in conjunction with a bone plate and fixation mechanism , such as a screw , rod , or the like . the improved polyaxial mechanism increases the strength of the locking among the locking mechanism , fixation mechanism , and bone plate . in addition , the improved polyaxial mechanism allows for easy locking among the elements , as well as more difficulty in unlocking the elements . a method for utilizing the improved polyaxial mechanism is also disclosed .