referring out of the drawings wherein like numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views there is shown in fig1 a sectional view of a mattress of the prior art . the mattress m includes a cushioned layer 10 through which a plurality of passages 14 are provided and which are distributed substantially evenly over the surface 12 of the cushion layer . each of the passages 14 extends completely through the cushion layer 10 to open on an interior volume of the mattress which , in the illustrated embodiment , is supported on coil springs 20 . the interior volume 18 substantially underlies the cushion layer 10 and provides a reservoir for conditioned air which may be provided from an external source or from an internal air conditioner 22 . depending on the local climate , the air conditioner 22 may be of the type that only provides cooling air from its vents 24 or may be of the type that provides , upon selection , cooling or warmed air . for colder climates , of course , an air conditioner that only provides warmed air would be required . in the illustrated structure , when the air conditioner 22 is actuated , the conditioned air will pass upwardly through the passages 14 when a user positions his body on the upper layer 12 which results in a compression of the interior volume 18 causing the air flow . in other structures , of course , the air conditioner 22 may be of the type that provides an elevated gas pressure in the interior volume causing flow as a result of a pressure difference in addition to or as an alternative to compression of the volume 18 . with the arrangement of fig1 it is clear that the power utilized to actuate the air conditioner 22 would be continuously lost through the passages 14 in the form of heat or cooled air once the device was set in operation in view of the absence of any control of flow through the passages 14 such as when the mattress is not being occupied by a user . with reference to fig2 there is shown a preferred embodiment of a body support in the form of a mattress 26 having an upper support surface 28 in which there are provided , in a substantially uniform distribution , a plurality of passages 24 which , in the sectional view , are shown as extending completely through the support layer 28 of the mattress 26 . an interior volume 27 is provided which is generally closed and is preferably air tight for efficiency purposes . coil springs 30 may be distributed over the interior volume 27 as is conventional . in one embodiment , the side wall 32 of the mattress 26 is provided with a normally closed connecting aperture 34 for receiving a conduit from an external air conditioner as schematically shown at 36 . with such an arrangement , an air conditioner can be employed to supply several different mattresses which would be useful in dormitories , hospitals , and the like . each passage 24 is provided with a normally closed valve 40 as described below . with reference now to fig3 there is shown an elevational view in section , along the longitudinal axis , a flow control valve 40 of the present invention . the flow control valve 40 includes a tubular body 42 having an upper end provided with an annular radially extending flange 44 surrounding an opening 46 of a counterbore 48 . the counterbore has at its inner end a radial shoulder 50 supporting one end of a coil spring 52 . a valve member 54 is slidably disposed in the bore 56 of the tubular body 42 . at its upper end , the sleeve valve 54 has an enlarged head 58 which includes a transverse radial extending slot 60 and a longitudinal axial bore 62 extending to a transverse plate 66 located at the opposite end of the sleeve valve 54 . a transverse aperture 68 is provided adjacent the flange 66 for reasons that will be described below . adjacent the lower end 70 of the body 42 is another annular flange 72 . the flanges 44 and 72 are provided to facilitate attachment of the valve 40 in a passage 14 formed in the support layer 28 of the mattress or cushion with which it is to be used as shown in fig4 . in fig3 the valve sleeve 54 is in its closed position . thus , with the flanges 44 and 72 attached to the upper and interior surfaces , respectively of the support layer 28 in a sealed fashion such as by an epoxy adhesive , and with no pressure exerted on the head 58 by a portion of a user &# 39 ; s body or other object , the coil spring 52 will urge the head 58 upwardly to maintain the lower end 70 of the body 42 closed about the opening 68 . however , when pressure is applied to the head 58 , the valve stem 54 will be moved toward the position shown in fig4 with the head 58 becoming substantially flush with the surface 28 of the mattress 26 . other means of attaching the valve 40 in the respective passages 24 will be readily apparent to those skilled in this art . it will be apparent that except when a body is resting on at least a portion of the surface 28 of the mattress 26 , no conditioned air will be able to escape through the passages 24 where a flow control valve 40 has been installed . it is clearly desirable that the force or spring constant of the coil spring 52 be extremely light so that depression of the valve sleeve 54 can be readily effected even by a light touch of a person &# 39 ; s body such as the hand or elbow . further , the slot 60 may be supplemented by one or more intesecting slots to improve circulation . in fig5 a , there is shown an alternate embodiment of a flow control valve 40a which has a cylindrical body 42a and an enlarged flange 44a extending radially about the upper end of the body 42a . the base 66a is provided with a cylindrical opening 68a , the lower end of which is frustoconically relieved at 70a . a pin 54a is movably disposed in the cylindrical bore 56a of the body 42a and is provided with an integral conical base 66a , the side of which sealingly engages the lower end 70a of the opening 68a when in its rest or first position . the head 58a of the pin 54a is rounded to eliminate any discomfort during use . intermediate the ends of the pin 54a , a hexagonal nut 48a is adjustably positioned as by threading on the pin 54a which may be threaded to cooperate with the nut 48a . the nut may be fixedly positioned on the pin 54a by an adhesive , if desired . a coil spring 52a is located about the pin 54a and has one end resting against the inner side of the nut 48a and its opposite end engaging the inner surface of the base 66a of the body 44a . when a user engages the head 58a of the pin 54a , the pin will move longitudinally of the body 44a to move the base 66a away from the lower end 70a of the opening 68a to allow air to pass through the bore 56a and through the spaces 60a ( shown in fig5 b ) past the nut 48a . in this embodiment , the valves 40a may be embedded in strips of plastic material 72a which are fastened by sewing or by an adhesive to the upper surface 28a of the support layer 29a . preferably , the strips 72a are positioned in evenly spaced relation over the surface 28a in rows extending parallel to one another with each row including a plurality of spaced valves 40a . the flange 44a of each valve 40a may be adhesively held in a complementary shaped recess 74a of each strip 72a . the body and pin of each valve 40 and 40a may made from a durable plastic material such as polyethylene or may be made of an inexpensive metal . with the passages 24 distributed substantially as shown in fig2 it is estimated that an air conditioner having an output of 340 btu / hr will be sufficient to provide a comfortable surface atmosphere for a user so that the user will be able to sleep comfortably while consuming a fraction of the power that would be required to air condition to a comfortable level such as 75 ° f . an entire bedroom located in a tropical climate . conversely , in a harsh northern climate , during the winter months , a householder will be able to reduce fuel consumption , either gas , oil or electrical power , during the nighttime hours since the bed will provide a warm and safe environment in a relatively confined space with no significant loss of thermal energy other than that released by the flow of air through open valves 40 . even where such flow occurs , heat retention will be enhanced by the presence of a surface covering such as a blanket or quilt . fig6 illustrates a flow circuit provided where the air conditioner is in the form of a heat exchanger 80 . in one form , the exchanger 80 may use a peltier junction 82 which on side 84 provides a cooling surface and on the opposite side 85 provides a surface at a higher temperature . ducts 88 and 90 will carry the conditioned air to a distribution valve 92 , which may be manually operated to control which flow stream is delivered to the mattress . it will be apparent to those skilled in this art that the principles of the present invention may equally be applied to a cushioned chair , bench or other furniture article where a support surface is employed and where users tend to remain still for appreciable periods of time . various modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims .
a surface air conditioning device includes a plurality of passages through a support surface which overlies a closed volume in which temperature conditioned air is supplied ; each passage is provided with a pressure actuated flow control valve which is normally closed to prevent loss of conditioned air through the associated passage ; pressure contact with the valve effects opening thereof to allow conditioned air to flow through the passage .