the following description should be read with reference to the drawings wherein like reference numerals indicate like elements throughout the several views . the drawings , which are not necessarily to scale , are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention . all numbers are herein assumed to be modified by the term “ about .” the recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers subsumed within that range ( e . g ., 1 to 5 includes 1 , 1 . 5 , 2 , 2 . 75 , 3 , 3 . 80 , 4 , and 5 ). as used in this specification and the appended claims , the singular forms “ a ”, “ an ”, and “ the ” include the plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise . as used in this specification and the appended claims , the term “ or ” is generally employed in its sense including “ and / or ” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise . although the systems described herein may be readily adapted to distribute and dispense any of a variety of unused sharps and to dispose of them safely after use , it will be convenient to describe certain aspects of the several containers of the system as they relate to specific types of sharp . it will be understood that one of ordinary skill in the art would be capable of modifying the description herein to adapt each of the systems for use with other sharps including , among others , pen needles , pen needle assemblies , hypodermic needles , unibody syringes having integral hypodermic needles , and the like . it will be further understood that the system may be readily adapted to dispense and / or receive more than one type of sharp should that be desired . referring now to the drawings , fig1 illustrates a system 10 comprising a first outer container 20 having a repositionable wall portion 24 . when repositionable wall portion 24 is in a first position , generally associated with shipping and storage , an opening is exposed in container 20 , said opening being sufficiently large to allow the removal of an inner container 40 sized to contain a quantity of sharps and to include a dispensing mechanism 22 for unused sharps . the repositionable wall portion 24 and the first outer container 20 cooperatively defining nonreversible locking fasteners 26 , 28 for securing said repositionable wall portion 24 to the first outer container 20 when the repositionable wall is in the second position thereby forming a complete enclosure . in the illustrated embodiment , the outer container 20 includes an aperture including a rotary mechanism 30 which may convey used syringe 50 into outer container 20 . it will be readily appreciated that other mechanisms 30 may be employed for this purpose . fig1 further includes a second inner container 40 sized to contain a quantity of unused sharps , in this embodiment syringes 30 , and to include a dispensing mechanism for unused sharps , here represented by dispensing door 22 . in fig2 , the inner container 40 of system 10 has been partially removed from outer container 20 by sliding over repositionable wall portion 24 which has been pivoted to an open position . it will be appreciated that repositionable wall portion 24 may be completely detached in some embodiments and tethered , hinged , or otherwise pivotably attached to outer container 20 in other embodiments . continuing to fig3 , the system 10 is now configured for use with inner dispensing container 40 completely removed from outer container 20 and with repositionable wall portion 24 in place and locked to outer container 20 by means of nonreversible locking fasteners 26 , 28 . in this configuration of system 10 , unused sharps may be removed from inner container 40 through door 22 , used , and subsequently returned to the interior of outer container 20 through rotary mechanism 30 for safe disposal . as illustrated in fig4 , second container 40 may be supplied as a component of system 10 in the form of a folded container distributed as a component of the system 10 . as depicted in fig4 , second container 40 is initially secured to the outside of first container 20 by band 60 which holds the components 20 , 40 of system 10 together during shipping while the unused sharps ( not shown ) are contained within first container 20 . although second container 40 has been illustrated in the form of an exterior folded container in fig4 , it will be readily appreciated that folded container 40 could have been initially stored within first container 20 ( see fig4 b ) along with a number of unused sharps . following distribution of system 10 , the user removes removable wall portion 25 , including mechanism 30 which will be used to convey used sharp 50 , a pen needle assembly in this embodiment , into first container 20 , from first container 20 providing access to unused sharps stored therein . folded container 40 is then detached from first container 20 , or removed from the interior of container 20 in other embodiments ( see fig4 b ), and expanded to provide the unused sharps container 40 of fig4 a . the unused sharps 50 are then placed within the expanded container 40 from which they may be dispensed as needed . if desired , an optional dispensing component of container 40 which is not readily collapsed , such as a drawer , may also be removed from the interior of container 20 and installed in container 40 prior to transferring the sharps . replacement of removable wall portion 25 with engagement of nonreversible locking mechanisms ( not shown ) completes the deployment of the components of the system 10 . in use , unused sharps 50 will be dispensed from expanded container 40 , optionally through a dispensing aperture or mechanism analogous to door 22 of fig1 . they will subsequently be used and returned to the interior of first container 20 through mechanism 30 , here depicted as a pivoting chute . once the supply of unused sharps has been exhausted , container 40 may again be collapsed for space efficient disposal . in some embodiments , when the repositionable wall portion is secured to the first outer container by the nonreversible locking mechanism , the complete enclosure is sealed at the perimeter of the repositionable wall portion with respect to liquid leakage from the complete enclosure . in other embodiments , a material capable of absorbing and storing fluid associated with the container is positioned within the first container . in such embodiments , the material capable of absorbing and storing fluid may be selected from organic or inorganic absorbing materials . any of the known of fluid absorbing materials and forms may be used providing they have sufficient capacity to hold liquids which may incidentally be introduced into the container along with the pen needles , syringe needles , or other sharps to be stored . the following group of absorbing materials is intended to be illustrative and non - limiting . powders of desiccants such as silica gel , calcium sulfate , calcium chloride , montmorillonite clay , and molecular sieves or organic materials such as polyacrylic acid , polymethacrylic acid , polyacrylamide , and polyalkylene oxide may be provided alone or in layered constructions with a liquid permeable sheet . the polymers may conveniently be provided as nonwoven pads or as powders . in addition to homopolymers such as those listed , the fluid absorbing material may be copolymers and / or optionally may be crosslinked . the absorbent material may be associated with one or more of the floor and / or walls of the internal storage space . in certain embodiments , the fluid absorbent material within the container has a fluid capacity of at least 0 . 02 gram for each pen needle , syringe needle or unibody syringe to be stored . in other embodiments , the fluid absorbent material within the container has a fluid capacity of at least 0 . 05 gram or even at least 0 . 01 gram for each sharp to be stored . in yet other embodiments , the available fluid capacity per pen needle or syringe needle may be reduced based upon assumptions regarding the rate of evaporation of fluids from the container and the rate at which additional pen needles , syringe needles , or unibody syringes are to be added to the container so long as sufficient capacity is present to absorb the fluid associated with each new sharp deposited . in some embodiments , when the repositionable wall portion is in the first position , it is pivotably attached to the first outer container along one edge of the repositionable wall portion . in other embodiments , when the repositionable wall portion is in the first position , it is detached from the first outer container . during distribution and storage prior to use , it may be desirable to provide a covering material for the opening in the first container before the repositionable wall portion is secured over the opening following removal of the sharps and second container , if present . in some embodiments , the opening in the outer container is covered by a shrink wrap film . the shrink wrap film may also encompass the repositionable wall portion to create a unitary package for shipping the system . the shrink wrap may also encompass the second container . in other embodiments , the first container may be contained within a further container which also covers the opening in the first container . in such embodiments , the further container may be , for example , a cardboard box suitable for shipping the system . the further container may also contain the repositionable wall portion and the second container during distribution and storage prior to use . in yet other embodiments , the first container may be contained within the second container during distribution . in some embodiments , the one - way mechanism which conveys a used sharp into the first container may be functional in two or more orientations of the first container . that is , the one - way mechanism may be accessible and functional in two or more orientations of the first container which differ in that the container rests on different faces in the two orientations . for example , in a first orientation , the container may rest upon a small face such that its greatest dimension is substantially vertical , while in the second orientation the greatest dimension may be substantially horizontal . it will be understood that some containers may be substantially equal in all dimensions and still have orientations which differ with respect to which face of the container forms the base and also with respect to the orientation of the aperture associated with one - way mechanism . in some embodiments , the one - way mechanism is configured to accept and facilitate the removal of a hypodermic needle from one of an associated syringe and an injection pen . in some of those embodiments the removed hypodermic needle may be conveyed directly into the second compartment following removal . the one - way mechanism may have any of the configurations known in the art at the time that the device is designed . for example , the one - way mechanism may be a rotating mechanism , a pivoting mechanism , a sliding mechanism , or a largely passive flexing mechanism such as a diaphragm . in some embodiments , the portion of the first container which receives sharps such as pen needles , pen needle assemblies , syringe needles , syringe needle covers , and combinations thereof provides a visual contrast to the surrounding portions of the housing to aid visually impaired users in properly orienting and inserting the pen needles , pen needle assemblies , syringe needles , syringe needle covers , and combinations thereof . the visual distinctive feature may be provided in the form of color contrast and / or patterning relative to the surrounding housing . preferably , the color associated with the receiving region or a patterned portion thereof will be red . in some embodiments , the means for receiving pen needles includes a combination of protrusions and recesses which engage the pen needle to prevent rotation thereof as a pen is rotated relative to the pen needle within the said means . this engagement facilitates one hand removal of a pen needle from a medical delivery pen , thereby minimizing the risk of accidental sticks . in some embodiments , the means for receiving pen needles , pen needle assemblies , syringe needles , syringe needle covers , and combinations thereof includes a means for rotating the receiving means relative to the housing . in certain embodiments , the rotation will be about an axis generally perpendicular to an axis associated with the pen needle , pen needle assembly , syringe needle , syringe needle cover , or combinations thereof which are to be conveyed into the interior storage space . in other embodiments , the rotation will be about an axis which is generally parallel to an axis associated with the pen needle , pen needle assembly , syringe needle , syringe needle cover , or combinations thereof which are to be conveyed into the interior storage space . the means for rotating the receiving means may be either manual or automated as by a spring drive or electric motor . in some embodiments , the means for receiving pen needles , pen needle assemblies , syringe needles , syringe needle covers , and combinations thereof includes an ejector assembly having an ejector axis and wherein the means for receiving pen needles , pen needle assemblies , syringe needles , syringe needle covers , and combinations thereof is operatively coupled to the means for rotating said receiving means relative to the housing . in those embodiments , rotation of the receiving means may convey the pen needles , pen needle assemblies , syringe needles , syringe needle covers , and combinations thereof within the internal storage space whereupon the ejector assembly ejects the pen needle , pen needle assembly , syringe needle , syringe needle cover , or combinations thereof from the receiving means into the internal storage space . in some embodiments , the container includes one or more guards which prevent pen needles , pen needle assemblies , syringe needles , syringe needle covers , or combinations thereof within the internal storage space from re - entering the means for receiving and ejecting pen needles , pen needle assemblies , syringe needles , syringe needle covers , and combinations thereof . this is desirable to prevent accidental or intentional removal of sharps from the internal storage space , particularly when the container is inverted or otherwise placed in an orientation other than that normally employed for disposing of sharps . absent such guards , sharps might accidentally be released during transport . in certain embodiments , the one or more guards are structures within the internal storage space which prevent access to the receiving means in positions other than those associated with receiving or ejecting pen needles , pen needle assemblies , and combinations thereof . in those embodiments in which the second container includes a dispensing mechanism , the mechanism may be configured to facilitate removal of a single unused sharp or it may be configured to facilitate removal of multiple sharps . for example , the sharps may be removed in individual containers such as pen needle assemblies , covered hypodermic needles , covered unibody syringes , or the like . alternatively , the sharps may be removed as prepackaged multiple sharps , for example , a package of two pen needle assemblies . in some embodiments , the sharps may be presented at the aperture in the form of a continuous strip of packaged sharps from which the user may selectably remove one or more sharps as desired . the mechanisms may include doors , drawers , and the like . in other embodiments , the unused sharps may be associated with a roll , reel , stack , serpentine ribbon , or the like which may convey the sharps sequentially to the dispensing mechanism . various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and principles of this invention , and it should be understood that this invention is not to be unduly limited to the illustrative embodiments set forth hereinabove . all publications and patents are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference .
the disclosure relates to volumetrically efficient systems for distributing , storing , and dispensing a number of medical or laboratory sharps with subsequent safe disposal of the used sharps . the systems comprise first and second sharps containers configured such that the combined containers , as well as contained sharps , may be shipped in a volume approximately equivalent to the volume of one of the containers .