a preferred embodiment of the present invention is now described with reference to the figures where like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements . further , although only one skate in a pair of skates is shown in the figures , the left and right skates are mirror images of each other . while specific configurations and arrangements are discussed , it should be understood that this is done for illustrative purposes only . a person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other configurations and arrangements can be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention . fig1 shows an in - line skate 100 . in - line skate 100 is shown by way of example only . the present invention is intended to be used with a variety of skate boots , such as ice hockey boots , figure ice skating boots , ice and in - line speed skating boots . further , the present invention is intended to be used in other types of boots or shoes where forward flex of the wearer &# 39 ; s ankle is desired , such as cross - country and downhill ski boots , snow board boots , hiking boots , high - top athletic shoes and other athletic footwear . still further , the present invention can be used for medical or therapeutic braces , rehabilitation or corrective casts or splints , or surgical implants for joint or bone reconstruction . still further , the present invention can be used in a variety of exercise equipment or human - powered vehicles . skate 100 includes a rigid external boot 102 . external boot 102 includes a heel portion 104 , a toe portion 106 , and a tongue 108 . in one embodiment , external boot 102 includes stiffeners 402 and a cover material 404 to create a rigid or semi - rigid form , as shown in fig4 . stiffeners 402 are made from a rigid material , such as , for example , injected or cut sheet plastic that is formed anatomically to fit a wearer &# 39 ; s foot . in one embodiment , stiffeners 402 are constructed of a composite of rigid parts and are located in various areas of external boot 102 to provide support to the wearer &# 39 ; s foot . for example , stiffeners 402 may be provided in heel portion 104 and toe portion 106 of external boot 102 . in an alternate embodiment , stiffeners 402 are an integrally and anatomically molded piece of rigid material that forms the shape of external boot 102 . in either case , stiffeners 402 are surrounded by cover material 404 for the comfort of the wearer . cover material 404 is formed of a stitched or molded leather or synthetic material which is placed over a foam material . in an alternate embodiment , cover material 404 could be a single or multiple molded material , which is over molded onto stiffeners 402 . the over molding materials comprise a variety of foamed or non - foamed plastics , including , ethylene - vinyl acetate ( eva ), polyvinyl chloride ( pvc ), polyurethane ( pu ), polyethylene ( pe ) or acrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene ( abs ). in an alternate embodiment , external boot 102 is injection molded from a plastic material or made using other processes apparent to one skilled in the relevant art to form a relatively hard anatomic exterior shell . such a hard boot could be integrally formed using a single piece of material or could be made using several separate injection molded or otherwise formed hard pieces of material . fig1 also shows a chassis and wheel combination 110 ( in outline ), disposed below external boot 102 . external boot 102 may be rigidly attached to chassis and wheels 110 by gluing , screwing or other means apparent to one skilled in the relevant art . any conventional chassis and / or wheels could be used for constructing an in - line skate which includes the present invention . further , it would be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art how to make and use a chassis and wheels for an in - line skate . the wheels are shown in fig1 as being aligned . it would be apparent , however , to one skilled in the relevant art that other wheel configurations could also be used . skate 100 also includes fastening means 112 . as shown in fig1 fastening means 112 comprises laces . laces are an effective fastening means for soft boots , because the boots are flexible enough so that the wearer can tighten the boot around his foot using the laces to create a snug fit . a hook and pile type fastener could also be used to fasten external boot 102 . typically , buckles or similar fasteners are used as a fastening means on hard boots . any of these fastening means would be sufficient for securing external boot 102 about the wearer &# 39 ; s foot . skate 100 also includes an internal collar device 114 disposed within external boot 102 . internal collar device 114 includes ankle wraps 116 , pivoting spine 118 and heel cup 120 . ankle wraps 116 provide additional support to a wearer &# 39 ; s ankle and are anatomically formed to rest above or around the wearer &# 39 ; s malleoli , the location of which is indicated by dotted line 122 in fig1 . ankle wraps extend from heel portion 104 along the inside of both the lateral and medial sides of external boot 102 to tongue 108 . in one embodiment , a hole or several holes ( not shown ) are formed in the top portion of ankle wraps 116 , so that fastening means 112 may be inserted therethrough , as shown in fig3 to fasten internal collar device 114 and external boot 102 about the wearer &# 39 ; s ankle . in an alternate embodiment , ankle wraps 116 include straps ( not shown ) extending therefrom , where the straps have a hook and pile or buckle fastening system . the straps are used to fasten internal collar device 114 about the wearer &# 39 ; s ankle independently of the fastening means 112 for external boot 102 . in another embodiment , internal collar device 114 includes a lacing system ( not shown ) which operates independently of fastening means 112 of external boot 102 to secure internal collar device 114 about the wearer &# 39 ; s foot and ankle . pivoting spine 118 is a narrow strip of material that joins ankle wraps 116 and heel cup 120 . in use , pivoting spine 118 rests in external boot 102 along the back of the wearer &# 39 ; s foot adjacent heel portion 104 . pivoting spine 118 is designed to pivot with the wearer &# 39 ; s movement about a pivot axis 124 . in one embodiment , pivoting spine 118 is between approximately 10 and 25 mm in width at its widest point . further , the length of a pivoting area 410 , as shown in fig4 is between approximately 10 and 35 mm . however , it would be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art that different widths and lengths can be used for pivoting spine 112 depending on the type of material used , the size of the shoe or boot in which internal collar package 114 is placed , and the desired flexibility of pivoting spine 118 . if pivoting spine 118 does not have a narrow width , it will not pivot from the desired location , thereby impeding malleoli flex . as indicated by an arrow 126 , ( shown in fig1 and 2 ), pivoting spine 118 allows internal collar device 114 to flex forward and backward within external boot 102 to travel with and accommodate the wearer &# 39 ; s movements . in one embodiment , pivot axis 124 is located adjacent and slightly behind and below the skater &# 39 ; s malleoli . thus , internal collar device 114 is designed to allow for controlled plantar and dorsi flexion of the ankle . heel cup 120 of internal collar device 114 provides correct heel placement and anatomic support for the wearer &# 39 ; s heel to prevent movement of the heel and secures the heel within external boot 102 . in one embodiment , internal collar device 114 includes a core portion 406 and a cover portion 408 , as shown in fig4 . core portion 406 is made from rigid material , such as , for example , injected or cut sheet plastic that is formed anatomically to fit the user &# 39 ; s foot and ankle . core portion 406 can be formed as a single unitary piece or constructed of a composite of materials and / or parts , as would be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art . cover portion 408 is disposed over the exterior of core portion 406 . in one embodiment , cover portion 408 is a stitched or molded leather or synthetic material which is placed over a foam material . in an alternate embodiment , cover portion 408 could be over molded onto core portion 406 , including ankle wraps 116 , pivoting spine 118 and heel cup 120 . the over molding materials comprise a variety of foamed or non - foamed plastics , including , ethylene - vinyl acetate ( eva ), polyvinyl chloride ( pvc ), polyurethane ( pu ), polyethylene ( pe ) or acrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene ( abs ). internal collar device 114 can be incorporated into external boot 102 in a variety of ways . for example , in one embodiment , internal collar device 114 is constructed as a removable internal component that fits within heel portion 104 of external boot 102 . in such an embodiment , a hook and pile type fastener ( not shown ) is used to connect a lower portion of heel cup 120 of internal collar device 114 to a lower portion 128 of external boot 102 . in an alternate embodiment , heel cup 120 of internal collar device 114 is permanently fastened to lower portion 128 of external boot 102 . for example , cover portion 408 could be stitched or glued to lower portion 128 . it would be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art that a variety of methods could be used to fasten heel cup 120 to external boot 102 . in another embodiment , internal collar device 114 and external boot 102 are constructed as one homogeneous part , but each portion functions independently of the other . in particular , internal collar device 114 and external boot 102 could be molded as one integral piece such that a common last line around heel cup 120 of internal collar device 114 and lower portion 128 of external boot 102 form a hinge ( not shown ). internal collar device 114 is rotated about the hinge into place within external boot 102 prior to attaching material for a footbed to external boot 102 . the mechanics of rigid external boot 102 provide the skater with medial and lateral support of the skater &# 39 ; s foot and ankle . external boot 102 also guides the forward flex movement of the internal collar device 114 and limits backward flex movement of the skater &# 39 ; s ankle to reduce the possibility of hyperextension of the ankle . internal collar device 114 of the present invention allows for controlled forward and backward flex movement of the skater &# 39 ; s ankle by means of pivoting spine 118 . this forward flex movement , along with the bending of the skater &# 39 ; s knees , allows the skater to achieve an optimum skating position . further , the two - part construction of skate 100 , including external 102 and internal collar device 104 , minimizes breakdown of the boot upper . in a conventional skate boot , as shown in fig5 a one - part construction is used . conventional one - part upper construction is comprised of a single boot 500 , which offers both forward ankle flex movement and medial and lateral support . because this construction offers forward flex movement in the boot upper itself , a crease or wear area 502 occurs in the upper of boot 500 during normal use . this wear area 502 causes premature boot upper breakdown . internal collar device 114 provides a means for forward flex movement of the skater &# 39 ; s ankle independent of the upper of external boot 102 . in particular , pivoting spine 118 of internal collar device 114 is formed so that it flexes forward and backward independently external boot 102 . this flex movement separate from external boot 102 minimizes breakdown of the upper of external boot 102 . while the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof , it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention .
an internal collar device for an article of footwear . the internal collar device includes ankle wraps , a pivoting spine and a heel cup . the pivoting spine is a relatively narrow portion of the internal collar device which is flexible so that it pivots with the wearer &# 39 ; s movement . the internal collar device is disposed in an external boot of the article of footwear so that the internal collar device pivots about a pivot axis near the wearer &# 39 ; s malleoli . the article of footwear is configured so that internal collar device pivots almost entirely independently from the external boot . as such , the internal collar devices controls the forward and rearward flex of the wearer &# 39 ; s ankle and provides support to the wearer &# 39 ; s foot and ankle within the article of footwear . further , forward and rearward flex of the wearer &# 39 ; s ankle does not result in a crease or wear area forming in the external boot so that the present invention prevents premature wear of the boot material .