this detailed description includes certain terms that are related to bicycle parts ( or “ bicycle anatomy ”) that are commonly known in the art of bicycles . terms related to bicycles and bicycle trainers are given their broadest ordinary meaning . a bicycle according to this invention encompasses a two wheeled machine with handle bars , a seat , pedals , a chain , and other normal parts of the everyday bicycle . the invention disclosed herein may be used with a bicycle trainer frame that allows a user to attach his or her own bicycle to the frame to simulate riding conditions . the invention also encompasses embodiments that are attached to a bicycle that is ridden in a normal way , such as a road bike or trail bike . a bicycle typically consists of two wheels having respective rims for attaching respective bicycle tires . the bicycle tires have a road surface for engaging the road and side walls that extend when inflated . a bicycle in accordance with this invention includes commonly known standard parts ( i . e ., a seat , handle bars , brakes , break levers , gears , a chain , spokes , and the like ). other parts of a bicycle are useful for attaching a resistance support there to and are known by terms that are commonly known by those skilled in the art of bicycles . in this regard , this specification includes terms for bicycle parts that should be given their broadest meaning in line with common usage in the art of bicycles . for instance , a bicycle includes a seat post holding the saddle or seat . the seat post is connected to a downwardly extending seat tube connected proximate the pedals . a seat stay extends toward the rear tire from the seat post toward the rear axle . on the front end of the bicycle , a stem connects the handlebars to a top tube that extends from the handlebars to the seat post . a head tube connects the front axle to the top tube , and a down tube extends from the head tube toward the pedals . all of these bicycle anatomy terms are listed for example only , and these terms are intended to have their broadest meaning in terms of actual position and use in a bicycle structure . the term bicycle trainer is used in its broadest sense to include all kinds of devices that individuals use to simulate bicycle riding conditions with a bicycle . a bicycle trainer often has a trainer frame that is stable on a support surface and lifts a rear tire of a bicycle off the floor while allowing the bicycle pedals to rotate the tire . a bicycle trainer often has a mechanism that adjusts the resistance to bicycle pedaling ( i . e ., a cylinder or roller against which a rear tire presses ). fig1 shows a standard bicycle having a bicycle frame 101 that can engage a bicycle training stand 100 to elevate the bicycle for training in a stationary setting . the bicycle includes standard parts in the form of a rear tire 102 on a rear tire axle 103 connected to a chain - stay 105 . in today &# 39 ; s training equipment , the training stand 100 includes a cylinder engaging the rear tire of the bicycle to vary resistance to pedaling . the invention herein , however , changes that standard set up to attach resistance enhancing accessories to the bicycle itself . the predominant tool for enhancing resistance in fig1 is the resistance support 104 . the resistance support is adapted to receive resistance enhancing equipment , or a resistance device , thereon at the option of the user without interfering with standard bicycle operation in any way . in this embodiment , the resistance device 120 would slide over the resistance support 104 . the resistance devices 120 are described in more detail in turn below . fig2 shows an embodiment of the resistance support 104 on a bicycle frame 101 and allows for the bicycle to be ridden outside ( i . e ., not on a standard bicycle trainer ). fig3 shows a bracket set up for attaching the resistance support 104 to the bicycle frame , in particular the seat stay 110 . the bracket consists of a top bracket 108 and a bottom bracket 109 , each having a respective front face ( 112 , 114 ) and rear face ( 111 , 113 ). the bracket portions connect to one another around the seat stays 110 . fig4 shows the resistance support 104 having attachment openings 115 that could receive a pin or other latch for attaching a resistance device 120 to the prong - shaped resistance support 104 . fig5 shows one embodiment of a resistance device 120 that fits about the resistance support 104 attached to the bicycle frame . the resistance support 104 holds the resistance device 120 in a particular orientation relative to the rear tire 102 of the bicycle . this particular resistance device 120 , which does not limit the invention in any way is only shown as an example , is especially useful for providing resistance to pedaling in conjunction with a magnetic sleeve attached to the rear tire . the resistance device , therefore , would provide a second magnetic force that engages a magnetic sleeve on the rear tire to adjust the resistance to pedaling . fig6 shows more details regarding a resistance device 120 of fig5 , including an outer housing and a slot 121 for sliding over the resistance support 104 . a magnetic plate 124 would provide the above described second magnetic field for use with a sleeve on the rear tire having a first magnetic field . see prior noted u . s . pat . no . 7 , 955 , 228 , incorporated herein in its entirety , for more details regarding the magnetic sleeve . as seen in prior embodiments set forth in the &# 39 ; 228 patent by this same inventor , a bicycle tire may be composed of a slot for placing a removable strip with a magnetic inner portion that fits within the slot . in a preferred embodiment , the strip fitting within the tire slot is further characterized by a rubber coating intended to engage the road during use . the magnetic plate 124 of the resistance device 120 is held in place by a magnetic plate bracket ( h - shaped ) 126 that fits within hollowed portions of the resistance device for accurate plate positioning around the tire . an adjustable screw 127 controls proximity of the magnetic plate with the magnetic sleeve . the adjustable screw 127 has interior threading to receive a counter screw 128 holding the h - shaped bracket in place . channels 125 in the outer housing of the resistance device 120 receive the outer legs of the h - shaped bracket 126 . fig7 is an overview of another resistance device 120 that fits on the resistance support 104 and includes a battery housing 130 for use with electromagnetic trainers discussed in the above noted prior u . s . pat . no . 7 , 955 , 228 . fig8 is an overall combination of fig5 - 7 and shows a resistance device 120 that slides over the resistance support 104 and provides for magnetic portions 124 to surround a bicycle tire . fig9 is an embodiment of a new trainer used for riding on a road or track outside and incorporating the resistance modulating devices 104 described above . the embodiment of fig9 is particularly suited for use with slotted tire embodiments set forth in prior patent applications ( e . g ., ser . no . 12 / 725 , 654 incorporated herein by reference ) and described above . in the drawing of fig9 , a magnetic plate 124 is in electromagnetic communication with a magnetic portion of a slotted tire receiving a magnetic sleeve around the tire . the sleeve has magnetic side panels 136 a , b for electromagnetically engaging the magnetic plate 124 and a rubberized section 135 that the rider can use on the road . in a different embodiment utilizing the same magnetic plates 124 , the magnetic portion of the bicycle tire may be incorporated into the tire itself ( 102 ). in this regard , the cross section of the tire 102 would show a layer of magnetic material ( e . g ., a magnetic film ) surrounded by adjacent layers of rubber for contacting the inner tube 107 on one side and the road on the opposite side . fig1 shows the combination of fig5 - 9 but the tire is circumferentially layered so that the magnetic portion of the tire is an inner layer 138 . the tire has an outer rubber layer 135 for engaging the road . fig1 / 12 / 13 shows yet another embodiment for providing a magnetic insert 139 to the tire as shown in cross section in fig1 . see also prior u . s . pat . no . 7 , 955 , 228 incorporated entirely by reference herein . reference 139 shows the magnetic layer between inner tube 107 and the tire 102 . the magnetic layer 139 includes tabs 140 that fit within openings in the tire 141 . the cross section is taken with the tabs extending through the openings 141 . fig1 shows a way of using the bicycle tire rim 106 as a source of ferromagnetism . by making the rim 106 of a lightweight ferromagnetic material , the trainer body can be positioned adjacent the rim with the magnetic plate in sufficient proximity thereto for variable resistance to pedaling . the rim 106 would be positioned in proximity to the resistance device 120 . the magnetic plate 124 , the h - shaped magnetic plate bracket 126 , adjustable screw 127 , and counter screw 128 are all the same as described above . fig1 shows an accessory for making a standard rim of a bicycle a ferromagnetic rim for use as shown in fig1 above . the device of fig1 incorporates a magnetic clip 145 that fits on a standard bicycle rim so that the clip electromagnetically engages the resistance device 120 via a magnetic plate 124 . the resistance device is held in place on the resistance support 104 as described above . fig1 shows a new kind of ferromagnetic clip 145 that crosses over the spokes of a bicycle wheel . the ferromagnetic clip of fig1 is modular in that separate pieces engage the bicycle rim to avoid crossing over the associated spokes of the bicycle wheel . the magnetic clip of this invention has an abbreviated side 145 a that fits over the rim up to the point of bracing against a first spoke extending from the rim to the bicycle tire axle . an associated section of the magnetic clip 145 , referred to herein as a mating side 145 b , continues around the first spoke until it extends up against a second spoke . the abbreviated sides 145 a and mating sides 145 b connect around the circumference of the bicycle tire rim , avoiding spokes accordingly . to accomplish this connection among abbreviated and mating sides ( shown in detail in fig1 and 18 ), each portion has a section that extends approximately 270 degrees around a bicycle rim and then an extension that fits across the rim until it abuts a spoke . then the next section has an extension fits on the other side of the spoke over the rim to match the first extension . the pattern continues until the entire rim is covered by a magnetic clip 145 . fig1 shows the cross section of the result . fig1 - 23 fit a magnetic resistance device 153 over a disk brake 150 which can be made of a ferromagnetic material . the clip 153 attaches via a support arm 152 that is connected to a seat stay 110 . a seat stay attachment 151 holds the magnetic resistance device in position . this embodiment allows a u - shaped magnet 153 to surround the disc brake , providing a means of electromagnetically varying resistance to pedaling . the magnetic resistance device 153 is positioned so that it does not hinder operation of the gears and derailleur 154 . fig2 is an expanded rear view of the device shown in fig1 . fig2 shows that the magnetic resistance device may be positioned via a pivot point 156 . for those bicycles using a disc that is not ferromagnetic , this embodiment of the invention incorporates a second disc 160 onto the axle . the magnet 153 is positioned to be magnetically coupled to the second disc 160 . fig2 shows an embodiment of fig1 - 21 that allows for ferromagnetic components to optionally adjust the resistance to pedaling and further provide for disc brakes to fit within the same assembly . the figure shows brake pads 155 a , 155 b ( dotted ) fitting through an opening in respective vertically oriented magnets 157 a , 157 b . again , the point is to provide magnets in proximity to currently used bicycle structures , such as a disc brake to control resistance to pedaling . fig2 is a perspective view of the magnets of fig2 . fig2 shows that a disk other than a disk brake may be made available on a standard bicycle to accomplish the goals of this invention in providing accessories that can be made available to add and subtract resistance to pedaling . fig2 shows adding an electromagnetic pedal disk 160 to the cross bar 166 of a bicycle pedal assembly ( pedals 164 , crankarm 163 ). a magnet 153 is adjacent the disk 160 . the magnet 153 is held in place in a way that is similar to above - described embodiments . in fig2 , the magnet 153 is held in place with a chainstay attachment 162 . as used above , the magnet 153 is held in position by a support arm 152 and may further include a pivot point 156 . fig2 shows a side view of the pedal embodiment of fig2 . fig2 a shows a tire hub fitting around an axle on a bicycle tire . the axle is ferromagnetic , and the hub has a magnetic cylinder lining the interior opening such that the axle interchangeably extends through the hub . resistance to pedaling is determined by the extent of the magnetic field between the two components . an electromagnet embodiment could reasonably follow from this design . fig2 b is a cross section of fig2 a . fig2 c shows that the axle can be a solid cylinder . fig2 d shows that the axle could be grooved for an electromagnetic embodiment such that conductors extend within the grooves . fig2 shows yet another attachment that will be made available to the resistance support 104 . in the embodiment of fig2 , the resistance is varied by rollers 171 a and 171 b that will engage the rim of an associated bicycle . the figures show similar structural points as noted in prior embodiments . fig2 shows the rollers of fig2 having a set resistance to pedaling as shown by the resistance to the rollers that brace against the tire rims . fig2 uses rollers in a resistance device as in fig2 and 27 , but in these embodiments , the resistance to pedaling is set by the elasticity of the materials that make the pliable frame 182 of the device . in fig2 , the resistance device incorporates squeezable top tabs 181 a , b for positioning the rollers 171 a , b over the tire rim . fig2 adds a spring mechanism 184 to the unit of fig2 . various embodiments of the rollers that can be used in this invention are set forth in fig3 a , 30 b , and 30 c . the rollers may include paddles that rotate within resistance fluid to vary the resistance to pedaling ( fig3 a ). the rollers may engage both the rim and the tire body fig3 b , or may have an angled shape to engage particularly shaped tire rims . fig3 c . fig3 - 33 illustrate an embodiment of the invention in which the resistance support 104 has a substantially round cross section . the resistance device is in the form of a clamp that fits over a tire rim and has a round opening 121 for fitting over the resistance support 104 . a spring 201 inside the clamp sets the resistance of rollers 171 a , b . fig3 and 33 use ratchets to allow for adjusting the tension of the rollers against the tire rim . spring 206 keeps the teeth of the ratchet assembly engaged . fig3 shows a more compact design with the ratchet assembly located within the interior of the clamp 200 a . the clamp 200 a is further characterized by an adjustable height controller 211 , 212 set by screw 213 to allow for different sized tires fitting between the resistance support 104 and the rim of the bicycle tire . fig3 shows yet another position for attaching a resistance device that can be used on a standard bicycle . the resistance support is a bracket 220 that fits around a seat post 216 . the bracket defines a slot 225 in which a resistance device fits . fig3 shows a cross section of fig3 with a resistance device incorporating rollers 171 a , b . the cross bar 222 of the resistance device fits down into the slot 225 of the bracket 220 . pliable frame 221 sets the tension by bracing the rollers against the rim . the frame is more readily installed by using thumb rests 223 . fig3 shows a resistance device with a cross bar 222 that can fit within the bracket 220 . a sliding pressure cap 230 engages a threading on the pliable frame to squeeze legs of the pliable frame together and force the rollers against the tire rim . fig3 shows a seat post attachment in the form of arms on both sides of the seat post for attaching tension rollers to brace against the tire . fig3 and 39 show a seat post attachment with rollers 171 a , b that provide resistance to pedaling by adding resistance to rear tire revolution . the attachment to the seat post is controlled by ratcheting mechanism 232 - 237 and the amount of tension the rollers emit onto the back tire of a bicycle is controlled by a second ratcheting mechanism 201 - 205 . fig3 shows nodes 241 providing positioning bumps to force the ratchet teeth 202 and 205 together . fig3 further shows a more suitable shape for mountain bike tires . fig4 uses the same concepts of fig3 and 39 but instead of ratchets , holes with associated pins would accomplish the same function to hold the device to the seat post . fig4 shows a strap 244 connecting the resistance device to the seat post . fig4 - 44 show various embodiments of using cables that the rider can manipulate from the handle bars to engage and disengage the tension of rollers or magnetic plates similar to fig9 on the resistance devices with the tire , side wall , rim , or disc brake . fig4 is a rear view of the device attached to a resistance device 104 via the opening 121 . the cable control mechanism would be positioned off the underside of the rider &# 39 ; s seat . the cable goes up along seat post to handle bars where the user can clamp the rollers on or off or the position of the plates in relation the tire . fig4 shows part of a seat post installation shown in more detail in fig4 . fig4 shows the cable in a relaxed , non - engaged state while fig4 incorporates a c - clamp 257 to serve as the intermediate control between a handle bar connector cable 254 b and the roller control cable 254 a . fig4 shows a seat post attachment in which an electromagnet assembly 260 draws in the arms 240 a , b . circuitry controlled through the handle bar attachments ( not shown ) move the electromagnets in and out to adjust the position of associated rollers or other tension forming devices . fig4 shows rollers in brake pads that can be used to control resistance to pedaling in various fashions . in the embodiment of fig4 , while the user is riding the bicycle , a roller 271 is adjacent the tire . when the user engages the brakes from the handle bars , a spring 274 allows the rollers to retract so that the brakes engage the rim . a different embodiment shows that the brakes themselves could include rollers with internal paddles 272 in the rollers 271 . fig4 shows multiple rollers on a single brake pad 273 . fig4 shows the use of electromagnetic 276 in the brake pad 273 for magnetic resistance with the rim of a tire . the following parts list is useful for additional explanation of the anatomy of a bicycle and the structural connections between a bicycle , a resistance support , and a resistance device according to this invention bicycle stand 100 bicycle frame 101 rear tire 102 rear tire axle 103 resistance support 104 chainstay 105 brackets : 111 - 114 seat stays : 110 disc of the disc brake 150 seat stay attachment 151 support arm 152 u - shaped magnet ( specifically electromagnet ) surrounding the disc 153 derailleur 154 pivot point 156 resistance device 153 pedal stem ( crankarm ) 163 pedals 164 pedal cross bar 166 horizontal frame bar chainring 165 chainstay attachment 162 support arm 152 pivot point 156 ferromagnetic pedal disc 160 roller having an axle 170 a , b roller having an axle 171 a , b u - shaped bracket 180 a , b handles 200 a , b ratchet clamp having clamp handles for squeezing inwardly 200 a , b ratchet 201 having inter - digitating 202 teeth and a ratchet handle 203 post 204 having corresponding teeth 205 with a post support 207 spring 206 roller can pivot about pivot point 210 a , b to engage the rim properly seat post 215 seat tube 216 top tube 217 resistance bracket 220 slot for fitting the cross bar of a resistance device therein 225 attachment holes 226 for receiving bolts for water bottle holder and the like resistance bracket 220 shown in cross section with securing screw 227 pliable frame 221 for the resistance device ( resistance depends on the flexibility of the frame and the inherent resistance of the roller itself ) pressure cap 230 engages a threading on the cross bar resistance bracket 231 arms 232 curved clamp handles 240 a , b that fit around a mountain bike tire positioning bumps 241 provide pressure of one set of teeth onto the other cable 251 through openings in the bracket 252 a , b resistance arms for holding the rollers 250 a , b cable stop 253 a , b cable 254 c - clamp 257 rollers in the brake pad 273 spring 274
the invention encompasses a removable attachment for installing on a bicycle with the goal of altering the resistance to either front tire or back tire revolution . in this way , the bicycle includes enhanced physical training capabilities allowing the rider to use a bicycle on a standard trainer frame or as a regular bicycle for riding in the usual manner . in one embodiment , the attachment includes a resistance support connected to a bicycle and supporting a resistance device that engages a bicycle wheel or bicycle tire for altering the resistance to tire revolution . in this exemplary embodiment , the apparatus includes a resistance support attached to the bicycle proximate a bicycle tire along with a resistance device removably attached to the resistance support . in one embodiment , the resistance device defines a slot , and the resistance support projects through the slot to position the resistance device against the bicycle wheel or the bicycle tire .