the present invention will be described in combination with ultrasonic instruments as described herein . such description is exemplary only , and is not intended to limit the scope and applications of the invention . fig1 illustrates one embodiment of an ultrasonic system 10 for coagulating and / or cutting tissue . ultrasonic system 10 may comprise an ultrasonic signal generator 50 , an ultrasonic transducer 20 , ultrasonic surgical apparatus 30 . in the embodiment shown in fig1 , ultrasonic surgical apparatus 30 is configured as ultrasonic shears for cutting and coagulating tissue . a torque tool 40 which may be used to secure ultrasonic shears 30 to ultrasonic transducer 20 is also shown in fig1 . fig2 and 3 further illustrate one embodiment of ultrasonic shears 30 . ultrasonic shears 30 comprise a housing 65 , which may include a right housing 60 and a left housing 70 . proximal of said housing is a movable thumb lever 110 , the thumb lever distal motion 420 of which is shown . rotational movement 630 is also shown allowing for alignment of the end effector 176 during use . clamp arm closing motion 620 is illustrated and is resultant of said thumb lever distal motion . fig4 is a partial section view of ultrasonic shears 30 , illustrating the securing of ultrasonic transducer 20 onto the ultrasonic shears . in the embodiment shown , ultrasonic blade 220 is secured to transducer 20 using a threaded connection . this permits the transmission of ultrasonic vibration from ultrasonic transducer 20 to ultrasonic blade 220 . alternative connection means providing a secure interface between ultrasonic transducer 20 and ultrasonic blade 220 may also be used . fig5 illustrates the handle portion of shears 30 with left housing 70 hidden to reveal the inner workings . shown is the right housing 60 of the ultrasonic shears 30 , which includes finger grip 112 . finger grip 112 and thumb lever 110 create a scissor grip movably located on the under side of the right handle housing 60 . said thumb lever 110 connects to a linkage 80 operably connected to a yoke assembly 90 that engages the actuating outer tube 230 , thereby allowing proximal lever motion 410 and distal lever motion 420 of the thumb lever 110 to slide the outer tube with a proximal motion 510 and distal motion 520 respectively ( see fig6 ). the yoke assembly 90 may include a force - opposing member 100 that engages a pre - loaded force - limiting spring 130 . drive flange 140 transfers force from said yolk assembly to the outer actuating tube 230 . spline knob 180 acts as a means of rotating shaft assembly 240 and thus ultrasonic blade 220 to achieve desired alignment . sleeve 200 houses and compresses the distal portion of said spline knob 180 . washer 190 acts as a rotation and thrust bearing for shaft assembly 240 and prevents backlash . fig6 is a side view of the ultrasonic shears 30 , illustrating the relationship between the motion 400 of thumb lever 110 relative to the outer actuating tube 230 , clamp arm 150 , tissue pad 170 and the ultrasonic blade 220 . proximal motion 410 of thumb lever 110 results in proximal motion 510 of outer actuating tube 230 , which results in the opening motion 610 of the clamp arm 150 relative to the ultrasonic blade 220 . conversely , distal motion 420 of said thumb lever 110 results in distal motion 520 of said outer actuating tube 230 , which results in the closing motion 620 of said clamp arm 150 and tissue pad 170 relative to said ultrasonic blade 220 . fig7 is a side closeup view of the end - effector 176 of the ultrasonic shears 30 . outer actuating tube 230 operably connects to clamp arm 150 via actuating pin 232 . non - actuating inner tube 160 is shown extending distally from inside said outer actuating tube 230 . inner tube 160 remains stationary with respect to ultrasonic blade 220 and blade seal 222 ( see fig8 a ). tissue pad 170 is shown connected to said clamp arm 150 to operably contact with ultrasonic blade 220 and tissue therebetween when in surgical use . furthermore , said tissue pad 170 may comprise one or more tissue stop pads 172 located proximally from the blade engaging surface 174 of the tissue pad 170 . the tissue stop pads 172 may curve from a direction parallel to the blade engaging surface 174 of said tissue pad 170 to a direction between 30 degrees and substantially perpendicular to the orientation of the ultrasonic blade 220 and act to position and manipulate tissue and may act as an initial barrier to prevent tissue from engaging undesired portions of the blade 220 or clamp arm 150 during surgical use . blade engaging surface 174 may be convex and / or conformal to blade end effector 178 . in one embodiment , tissue stop pads 172 may engage tissue while clamp arm 150 is in the open position . as clamp arm 150 closes , tissue stop pads 172 force the tissue in contact with the tissue stop pads 172 distally and downward against ultrasonic blade 220 . this stretches tissue across ultrasonic blade 200 , creating tension in the tissue for use when cutting and / or coagulating . tissue tension aids in the speed of cutting and coagulation . fig8 a and 8b are side partial section views of the end effector 176 of the ultrasonic shears . fig8 a shows the end effector 176 with the clamp arm 150 in the open position . fig8 b shows the end effector 176 with clamp arm 150 in the closed position . clamp arm 150 rotatably attaches via pivot pin 152 to non - actuating inner tube 160 . the axis of pivot pin 152 may be positioned above , below , or passing through the axis of ultrasonic blade 220 . clamp arm 150 pivots about pivot pin 152 when outer actuating tube 230 slides distally or proximally , engaging actuating pin 232 which is mounted at the substantially distal end of the outer actuating tube 230 and extending through cam slot 154 and operably engaging cam surface 156 . ultrasonic blade 220 extends through the interior of tube 160 and is engaged by tissue pad 170 which is connected to clamp arm 150 to facilitate clamping tissue between tissue pad 170 and ultrasonic blade 220 . if tissue stop pads 172 are positioned near ultrasonic blade 220 , they may perform a wiping action , clearing said ultrasonic blade of tissue upon opening and closing of clamp arm 150 . the profile and location of cam slot 154 and cam surface 156 may be selected to provide constant or variable mechanical advantage as actuating pin 232 moves distally or proximally . as clamp arm 150 rotates , the contact angle between cam surface 156 and actuating pin 232 provides a quantifiable mechanical advantage that can be chosen to meet the requirements for manipulating tissue for the position of clamp arm 150 . the profile of cam surface 156 may be straight , contain one or more curves , or any combination thereof . cam surface 156 may also include indentions or protuberances to give sensory feedback as actuating pin moves along the surface . cam slot 154 may be placed distal or proximal to pivot pin 152 . in one embodiment , a steeper angle with respect to the motion of actuating pin 232 will provide faster clamp arm 150 closing speed with lower mechanical leverage , while a shallower angle will provide slower clamp arm 150 closing speed with higher mechanical leverage . when outer actuating tube 230 is positioned as shown in fig8 a , the contact angle is steep , providing faster closing speed than when outer actuating tube 230 is positioned as shown in fig8 b . however , the mechanical advantage is greater in fig8 b , allowing significant clamping force to be applied to tissue . in one embodiment , actuating pin 232 may be mounted at the substantially distal end of an inner actuating tube and extending through cam slot 154 and operably engaging cam surface 156 . clamp arm 150 rotatably attaches via pivot pin 152 to non - actuating outer tube . clamp arm 150 pivots about pivot pin 152 when inner actuating tube slides distally or proximally , engaging actuating pin 232 . fig9 a , 9 b , 10 a , and 10 b are alternate partial sectional views of said end effector 176 of said ultrasonic shears 30 . shown is blade seal 222 , which does not move with respect to blade 220 and inner tube 160 . blade seal 222 may be bonded to ultrasonic blade 220 or inner tube 160 . alternately , blade seal 220 may be held in place through mechanical means . reducing or eliminating the relative motion of blade seal 222 with respect to ultrasonic blade 220 and inner tube 160 allows for a tighter seal and reduces wear . this further reduces potential fluid migration along the shaft of blade 220 inside inner tube 160 . fluid along the shaft of blade 220 can produce unwanted and potentially dangerous heat as ultrasonic energy is damped out by the fluid . reducing fluid migration reduces parasitic diversion of ultrasonic energy from blade 220 into waste heat , which can result in patient injury in some circumstances . by moving actuating tube 230 rather than inner tube 160 , the risk of patient injury can be reduced . seal integrity is further enhanced by locating blade seal 222 with respect to blade 220 and inner tube 160 during manufacture of ultrasonic shears 30 . fig1 a and 11b illustrate partial section views of the ultrasonic shears 30 . the clamp arm 150 is actuated by a scissor - like grip created by a thumb lever 110 movably located on the under side of the right handle housing 60 and finger grip 112 located at the proximal end of the ultrasonic blade 220 . said thumb lever connects to a linkage 80 operably connected to yoke assembly 90 that engages the actuating outer tube 230 , thereby allowing proximal and distal sliding movement of the thumb lever to slide the outer tube proximally and distally respectfully , resulting in the opening and closing movement of said clamp arm . fig1 a and 12b further illustrate the actuating motion of the ultrasonic instrument . said elements described above actuate upon living tissue 300 in the manner described . relative motion of finger grip 112 with respect to lever 110 produces motion in clamp arm 150 with respect to blade 220 . in the embodiment shown , distal motion 420 of thumb lever 110 results in distal motion 520 in outer actuating tube 230 producing closing motion 620 of clamp arm 150 and tissue pad 170 , thereby compressing tissue 300 against blade 220 . fig1 a and 13b further illustrate the yoke assembly 90 which includes a force - opposing member 100 that engages a pre - loaded force - limiting spring 130 . when slideable thumb lever 110 moves distally , moving said clamp arm 150 into a clamped position , linkage 80 engages the force - opposing member , engaging the force - limiting spring , thus preventing adverse forces from being applied to the clamp arm or the tissue 300 shown clamped between said clamp arm and said ultrasonic blade . continued distal motion 420 on thumb lever 110 results in spring compression 132 , limiting the force applied to tissue 300 . by careful selection of the point of farthest travel by the said actuating tube and the preload of the said force - limiting spring 130 , the tissue can be compressed and transected with a clamping force within a desirable range . in one embodiment , force - limiting spring 130 is a helical spring . force limiting spring 130 may also be any of the following types of springs : a cantilever , coil , conical , volute , leaf , v - spring , belleville , disc , constant - force , gas , mainspring , elastomeric , washer , torsion , extension , wave or other deformable component . fig1 a illustrates the shaft assembly 240 of one embodiment of the ultrasonic shears apparatus . drive flange 140 transfers force from the above - described yolk assembly to the outer actuating tube 230 . spline knob 180 acts as a means of rotating said shaft assembly , and thus ultrasonic blade 220 to achieve desired alignment . sleeve 200 houses and compresses the distal portion of said spline knob . torque tab 210 engages the torque tool 40 to secure or disconnect the ultrasonic shears instrument to the ultrasonic transducer 20 . compliance feature 234 is created by notches which allow the outer actuator tube 230 to compress when significant axial load is applied . notches may alternate or form a spiral pattern . by careful selection of the point of farthest travel by the said actuating tube and the preload of the said compliance feature 234 , the tissue can be compressed and transected with a clamping force within a desirable range . fig1 b and 14c are a perspective view and a side view , respectfully , of one embodiment of the spline knob assembly with washer 190 , sleeve 200 , blade 200 , and one half of the spline knob 180 removed , showing torque tabs 210 . tabs 182 located on the inside of a spline knob engage inner tube openings 186 and outer tube openings 188 on the non - actuating inner tube 160 and outer actuating tube 230 and recesses 184 on the ultrasonic blade 220 to ensure rotational alignment of the said inner tube and outer tube with the blade . said spline knob serves as a means of rotating said blade to achieve desired alignment . said tabs and recesses are oriented with respect to the blade end - effector 178 to adjust the orientation of the blade end effector 178 to the clamp arm . sleeve 200 acts to house said spline knob and the blade and tube assembly as well as secure washer 190 , which acts to securely locate said shaft assembly within the ultrasonic shears instrument handle assembly . sleeve 200 compresses said spline knob , compressing tabs 182 into recesses 184 , substantially aligning the features . cross section 242 intersects the assembly for purposes of illustration in fig1 a and 15b . fig1 a and 15b illustrate cross sectional views of the spline knob assembly with outer actuating tube 230 in different positions . fig1 is an exploded view of the ultrasonic shears apparatus showing some of the previously described components and subassemblies of one embodiment . fig1 is an exploded view of one embodiment of the ultrasonic shears shaft assembly showing components and features unobstructed by outer components of one embodiment . fig1 a , 18 b , and 18 c illustrate one embodiment of a clamp arm 150 having integral tissue grip features 158 . clamp arm 150 and tissue pad 170 may be made from a metal and a polymer respectively . tissue grip features 158 are designed to prevent tissue from slipping while being manipulated . said tissue grip features may be any non - smooth surface , including but not limited to teeth , bumps , ridges , holes , and knurls . tissue grip features 158 made from metal will withstand wear and damage better than equivalent features on a polymer tissue pad 170 . tissue pad 170 may be attached to said clamp arm and may or may not be designed to provide additional gripping force on tissue . the width of blade engaging surface 174 of tissue pad 170 may be the same or less than the width of clamp arm 150 . fig1 a and 19b illustrate an embodiment of clamp arm 150 which includes an integrated compliance member 134 . said compliance member is operably connected to an actuator such as the outer actuating tube 230 and to said clamp arm . said compliance member deforms when force is applied by said outer actuating tube , reducing the closing motion 620 when resistance is met . said outer actuating tube is prevented from traveling beyond a set point , limiting the force that may be applied to said clamp arm . said compliance member may be preloaded to prevent deformation until the said applied force is above a threshold . by careful selection of the point of farthest travel by the said actuating tube and the preload of the said compliance member 134 , the tissue can be compressed and transected with a clamping force within a desirable range . fig2 a and 20b illustrate an embodiment of an end effector 176 with a clamp arm 150 with a tissue pad 170 connected to said clamp arm via one or more tissue pad rivets 350 extending through the cross - sectional area of said clamp arm , terminating on the side opposite of tissue interaction of said tissue pad of said clamp arm . said tissue pad rivets , for example , can be molded or inserted through said clamp arm and then heat processed so that said tissue pad rivets form a substantially larger , opposing surface on said side opposite of tissue interaction . fig2 a through 21c illustrate an embodiment of clamp arm 150 which includes tissue pad rivets 350 . cross section 352 is shown in fig2 c . fig2 a through 22c illustrate an embodiment of clamp arm 150 which includes a tissue pad 170 including tissue pad connection member 360 extending substantially longitudinally along the length of said clamp arm and through the cross - sectional area of said clamp arm , terminating on the side opposite of tissue interaction of said tissue pad of said clamp arm . said tissue pad connection member forms an enlarged , substantially flattened , opposing surface on said side opposite of tissue interaction . cross section 362 is shown in fig2 c . fig2 a and 23b illustrate an embodiment of clamp arm 150 which includes a tissue pad 170 including clamp arm projections 370 located on the surface of clamp arm 150 . said clamp arm projections project through tissue pad 170 and may secure it through friction or mechanical interference . said clamp arm projections also may interact with tissue creating an improved means of gripping tissue . fig2 a and 24b illustrate an embodiment of clamp arm 150 which includes a tissue pad 170 secured to said clamp arm via one or more opposing tissue pad securing tabs 380 located along the length of said clamp arm . said tissue pad securing tabs also may interact with tissue creating an improved means of gripping tissue . fig2 a and 25b illustrate an embodiment of clamp arm 150 which includes tissue pad 170 located between tissue grip features 158 located along the length of said clamp arm . fig2 shows cross section 392 . the width of blade engaging surface 174 of tissue pad 170 may be the same or less than the width of clamp arm 150 . tissue pad 170 is held in place by means of a slot feature 390 . fig2 is a list of all elements described herein . thus , the described embodiments are to be considered in all aspects only as illustrative and not restrictive , and the scope of the invention is , therefore , indicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description . all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope .
the present invention relates generally to ultrasonic surgical devices , and more particularly to an ultrasonic surgical clamp coagulator apparatus for coagulating and / or cutting tissue , including an arrangement for pivotally mounting a clamp arm of the apparatus in order to form an improved jaw useful in manipulating tissue .