when football fans watch a football game , either live or on television , they have no involvement in how the game is played . they know little about the plays the coach of their team is picking to execute on the field , and have no ability to influence the coach &# 39 ; s play choices . various embodiments disclosed herein are directed to computer - implemented methods and systems for increasing fan involvement in games by enabling fans to actively participate in calling plays at football games . as will be discussed in greater detail below , in accordance with various embodiments , a computer - implemented live - game system or engine is provided that enables fans of a team to collectively decide in real - time which plays should be executed by their team during a game . for each play , the coaches of the teams pick a set of possible plays , which the fans vote on . the system tabulates the fan votes , and the winning play can be executed on the field in real - time . the system provides users with access to a wide variety of information needed to participate in the system including information on plays , player rosters , teams , stats etc . the system also tracks each fan &# 39 ; s coaching performance ( e . g ., the % of times the fan &# 39 ; s play choice was the winning play , the % of times the fan &# 39 ; s play succeeded ( scored , achieved first down , gained certain yardage ), or the % of times the fan &# 39 ; s play selection likely would have been a better choice given the poor performance of the actual play run on the field , etc .). the system also enables fans to compete against one another , individually or in leagues , in their coaching skills . while the exemplary embodiments illustrated herein relate to the game of american football , this is by way of example only . it should be understood that the methods and systems for increasing fan participation are not limited to football , and may also be applied to other live events such as , e . g ., soccer , baseball , golf , hockey , basketball , movie screenings , game shows , award shows , sales meetings , political events , and business conferences . fig1 illustrates an exemplary network , in which a live - game system 100 may be implemented , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . the live - game system 100 can be implemented in a computer server system , which communicates with a plurality of client devices operated by the users of the system 100 , including fans 102 , the coaches / coordinators 104 , 106 of the teams playing the game , referees 108 , and system administrators 110 . other users of the system can include production staff 112 and product marketing / customer service staff 114 . the client devices communicate with the system 100 over a communications network 116 . the communications network 116 can include any network or combination of networks including , without limitation , the internet , a local area network , a wide area network , a wireless network , and a cellular network . the client devices operated by users to access the live - game system 100 can include any computing device that can communicate with the computer server system including , without limitation , personal computers ( including desktop , notebook , and tablet computers ), smart phones ( e . g ., apple - based smart phones and android - based smart phones ), wearable computer devices ( e . g ., smart watches and smart glasses ), cell phones , personal digital assistants , and other mobile devices . the client devices include operating systems ( e . g ., android , apple ios , and windows phone os , among others ) on which applications run . the operating systems allow programmers to create applications ( often called “ apps ”) to provide particular functionality to the devices . a representative client device can include at least one computer processor and a storage medium readable by the processor for storing applications and data . the client device also can include input / output devices , one or more speakers for acoustic output , a microphone for acoustic input , and a display for visual output , e . g ., an lcd or led display , which may have touch screen input capabilities . fig2 is a block diagram illustrating system architecture , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . fig2 shows a message listener 202 , record manager 204 , score manager 206 , poll manager 208 , advanced message queuing protocol ( amqp ) 210 , game manager 212 , engagement service 214 , coach manager 216 , vote manager 218 , information service 220 , referee application 222 , moderator devices 224 , coach devices 226 , fan devices 228 , database 230 , and fan connections . message listener 202 is active software built into the system . it provides asynchronous event handling that defines the initial action to be taken as each message arrives . different actions may be defined for different message types . record manager 204 includes a database for storing user voting records ( e . g ., votes during a game ). the database can include any physical database or cloud - based data storage ( e . g ., mongo database instance ). score manager 206 includes a database for storing game statistics ( e . g ., wins , losses , play executed during a game ). the database can include any physical database or cloud - based data storage ( e . g ., mongo database instance ). poll manager 208 controls state logic for polling . as described in more detail , polling can include a series of discrete states . amqp 210 comprises an advanced message queuing protocol ( e . g ., rabbitmq ). amqp can support a variety of protocols and includes message orientation , queuing , and routing . game manager 212 includes a database for storing real - time events and statistics during a game . the database can include any physical database or cloud - based data storage ( e . g ., mongo database instance ). game manger 212 can communicate with ref app 222 . as described in more detail below , game manager 212 can send ref app 222 real - time data corresponding to a game . ref app 222 can send instructions to game manager 212 , based on the real - time data , to update state information ( e . g ., state information for polling ) and information for display on one or more coach device 226 or fan device 228 . engagement service 214 represents multiple discreet services that coordinate elements of the game experience . these services include a user interface , logic , and storage . one of the services , fanscore moderator 224 , stores the data behind multiple question - and - answer games ( e . g ., the name of each game , one to one - thousand questions , timing logic associated with answers for each of the questions , and tips for each of the questions ). a person operating the fanscore moderator can define a game , initiate a game , and trigger the delivery of each question ( e . g ., the first question is sent 10 minutes before kickoff , the second question during the first timeout ), and identify the recipients of each question ( e . g ., all registered fans or fans voting with only one of the two teams ). another service , coachscore moderator 224 , allows an operator to evaluate the results of plays run on the field in real time ( e . g ., declaring an error on a play and assessing the success of the play run on the field ). these evaluations are then used to create each fan &# 39 ; s coachscore . coach manager 216 includes a database for storing coaching records ( e . g ., information about plays , players , scheduling ) and other data that is used in multiple devices across the system . the database can include any physical database or cloud - based data storage ( e . g ., mongo database instance ). coach manager 216 is in communication with a coach application 226 . coach manager 216 can display information in the database to the coach device and receive edits and changes from the coach device to information in the database . vote manager 218 coordinates voter polling . vote manager 218 maintains the logic for communication and controls that communication with fan devices 228 via fan connections 240 . fan connections 240 declares and manages the communication channel used with fan devices . vote manager 218 , through a fan connection module , can push a poll to fan device 228 and receive results from the poll . fan device 228 represents the mobile devices used by fans to participate in calling plays . the info service 220 includes web services that execute key processes ( e . g ., retrieving fan profile information , updating playbook information in fan apps , etc .). the information service refers to a fast , in - memory data store 230 ( e . g ., redis ). fig3 and 4 are flow diagrams illustrating an exemplary play voting cycle , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . referring to fig4 , prior to a game , each of the entities in the system logs in once to backend service 420 . backend service is described in more detail above in fig2 . the entities include admin 410 , a voter 412 , offensive coordinator 413 , and defensive coordinator 414 . admin , at the start of the game , can send an instruction to the backend service 420 to start the game 411 . for each play , the process starts with the administrator starting a play clock 301 . in some embodiments , an administrator starts each game , starts each play clock , and identifies each possession switch ( e . g ., when possession of the ball transfers from one team to the other ). the coaches of each team are given a predetermined amount of time ( e . g ., 1 - 60 seconds , preferably 7 seconds ) to pick a set of possible plays to be voted on by the fans . the offensive coordinator can select a set of plays 302 , and a defensive coordinator can select a set of plays 303 . in some embodiments , the offensive coordinator and defensive coordinator each select 3 plays . the plays are pushed out via push technology ( preferably no manual refresh on the fans app is needed ) to fans who have registered with the system . fans are then able to view the poll 304 . fans are then given a preset time period ( e . g ., 1 to 60 seconds , preferably 10 seconds ) to vote on the play they want their team to execute 305 . the fan votes are sent to a system database and tabulated . the winning results are sent to the coaches 306 . the results can also be sent to the fans at the same time , again preferably via push technology 308 . coaches then radio or otherwise communicate the winning play to the personnel on the field , and the fans and coaches get to see the winning play executed on the field in real - time . the process described above can then start again for a subsequent play . the system provides users with access to a wide variety of information needed to participate in the system including information on plays , player rosters , teams , stats etc . in one or more embodiments , fans can download a fan app on their client devices to access the system . fig5 shows an exemplary screenshot from the fan app enabling users to register and login 503 to the system , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . a user can access a unique url 501 and sign in using his / her username and password by clicking a “ sign in ” button 502 . during the registration process , a user will enter his or her name and choose a user name and password that will identify the user whenever using the system . users can also enter in secure information , including a credit card and billing address information if they are going to sign up for a premium or paid product . users can click on a “ get in the action ” button 504 to be directed to a team page where they will also be asked to choose which team they are a fan of 505 , or they can go in and look at team information before they decide . they can click a button 506 to decide on a team once they review team information . fans who are registered and logged in can enter a fan app dashboard as illustrated in the exemplary screenshot of fig6 . the dashboard provides fans with access to a variety of content items ( illustrated in fig7 - 14 ) they can use to participate in the live - game system . for example , fan app dashboard can include a header 601 , which displays details about a coming game before the start of a game . as described in more detail below , fan app dashboard can also include rattlers den 602 , team banter 603 , playbook 604 , injury report 605 , weekly recap 606 , player roster 607 , my stats 608 , and my achievements 609 . fans can access team information 700 , including coach and player videos and talk sessions as illustrated in the exemplary screenshot of fig7 . also known as rattlers den , a repository of player videos and talk sessions can be branded for each team . fans can be asked to choose and confirm a team selection 800 , as illustrated in the exemplary screenshot of fig8 . in some embodiments , a fan has up until game time to change which team they vote for in any given game . fans can also access a team page , as illustrated in the exemplary screenshot of fig9 . the team page can display various details about a team , including coach videos , player videos and talk sessions 900 . fans can also access a team match - up page , as illustrated in the exemplary screenshot of fig1 . to help fans determine which team to vote with , the team matchup page can include a comparison of game statistics for both teams , such as running and passing 1000 . the team match - up page can also display voting statistics and averages . fans can also access a team list , as illustrated in the exemplary screenshot of fig1 . in some embodiments , the team page lists all teams , their conference , rank , record , coach and next game 1101 . fans can access chat discussions 1202 and twitter ( or proprietary chat - based service ) feeds 1203 as illustrated in the exemplary screenshot of fig1 . also known as team banter , discussion and twitter feeds can be displayed alongside an icon of a fan displayed with their achievement level 1201 . fig1 is an exemplary screenshot illustrating fan access to injury reports 1301 . fig1 is an exemplary screenshot illustrating fan access to information 1401 on each player on the team roster . along with this content , the system also offers fans functionalities to track their performance — my stats 1501 shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig1 and my achievements 1601 shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig1 . my stats 1501 details the fan coach scores . the coaching game logic engine of the live - game system scores the fan &# 39 ; s coaching or play calling performance . participation 1502 indicates the % of plays that have been voted on by the fan . winning plays 1503 indicates the % of times the fan &# 39 ; s play choice was the winning play and run by the team . scoring plays 1504 indicates the % of times a fan &# 39 ; s play scored . my achievements 1601 can indicate achievement levels earned by each fan . achievements can include grid - iron ruler 1602 ( e . g ., voting on a certain number of plays ), primetime picker 1603 ( e . g ., picking a certain number of plays that have been executed ), captain endzone 1604 ( e . g ., picking a certain number of plays that score ), and move the chains 1605 ( e . g ., having a certain percentage of 3 rd down conversion ). in some embodiments , coach score can be displayed on a user device , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig1 . the main page can include a fan coach score season average 1701 , a voting section 1702 , results for each week 1704 , and results for each game 1705 . in some embodiments , voting section 1702 includes a breakdown of how a fan earns a coach score . the breakdown can include details of coaching game logic engine , described in more detail below . the coach score page can also include a challenges section , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig1 . challenges can allow fans to see their performance within head to head challenges 1800 , as described in more detail below . the coach score page can also include an education section , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig1 . the education section can include articles and activities to allow fans to learn more about play calling 1900 . in some embodiments , articles and activities that are displayed in the education section are selected based on a fan &# 39 ; s coach score . fig2 shows screenshot of a fan score page , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . a fan score page can show points fans earn by participating in events hosted by the system 2000 . a fan score page can include an achievements section , showing fans how they have earned points 2002 . a fanscore page can also include an events section , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig2 . an events section can include links to activities where fans can earn additional points 2100 . activities can include fan contests , finding a fan voting party , subscribing to fan alerts , and tuning into coach picks . activities can also include answering trivia or other questions , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig2 . trivia allows fans to participate in real - time trivia and related contests 2200 . in some embodiments , each question has a time limit 2202 , and a fan can choose one of three answers 2203 . a fan can gather points that contribute to fanscore points 2204 . a fan is delivered a trivia answer page after answering a trivia question , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig2 . a fan can be shown a correct answer , their answer , and an explanation of the correct answer 2300 . fig2 shows a screenshot of a rewards page , in accordance with certain embodiments . fan points can be accumulated and redeemed for real merchandise and digital goods 2400 . fans may participate in challenges , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig2 . fans can initiate challenges 2501 and define a type of challenge 2502 . challenges may be decided by coachscore , a measure of effective play - calling . challenges may also be decided by fanscore earned by answering trivia or other questions 2200 . challenges can involve individual players or player - defined leagues . the duration of a challenge can last any amount of time ( e . g ., single game , weekend , or season ). a challenges page , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig2 , can also include real time requests for challenges 2600 . fans can choose either to accept or reject a real time challenge 2601 . fans can also access real - time results on the system , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig2 . real time results include allowing fans to see in real - time how they are performing in their coachscore and fanscore challenges as well as any pending invites 2700 . real time results can also include rankings , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig2 . fans can see in real - time where they are ranked for both coachscore and fanscore 2800 . fig2 is a screenshot illustrating a coach score engine , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . coaching game logic engine ( also referred to in the present disclosure as “ coachscore engine ”) can determine each player &# 39 ; s coachscore . in some embodiments , coach score ranges from 50 - 100 . unlike traditional “ fantasy ” points , coach score is not merely additive . each player &# 39 ; s coach score can be calculated after each drive and can naturally vary through the course of each game . coachscore engine first receives a coach bundle , which can include 3 plays . coachscore engine assigns a historical “ adjusted yardage ” 2900 based on data from prior games . the historical adjusted yardage 2900 can be calculated automatically from the data from prior games , as described in more detail below . the play run on the field is then scored on the yards gained on the field , augmented by positive modifiers for good results ( e . g ., earning a first down or scoring ) or negative modifiers ( e . g ., resulting in a sack of the quarterback or lost yards ) 2901 . the three plays &# 39 ; adjusted yardage scores ( two historical , one actual ) are then ranked , highest to lowest , 1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd . each play is then assigned points 2902 based on its ranking . the points are continuously summed and adjusted for tempo 2903 . tempo adjustments 2903 allow scoring to be consistent , whether the game is partially complete or complete and whether a team runs a fewer number or a greater number of plays ( e . g ., 65 plays or 85 ). fig3 is a screenshot illustrating a coach score engine moderator , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . the moderator application can rate the play actually run on the field versus the historical expectations of the other two non - winning plays . the coach score moderator application can rank ( e . g ., good , neutral , bad or 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd ) the play result seen on the field relative to the historical expectations of the two plays not selected , and submit any additional factors , especially errors ( dropped pass , fumble , etc . ), that impact the assessment of the play 3002 . the application can display which plays are suggested by a coach and which play was run on a field 3000 3001 . the ranking can come from a human operator or can be determined by a computing device . fig3 is a screenshot illustrating the calculation of historical adjusted yardage within a coach score engine , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . each play can have a stored adjusted yardage value calculated from historical data and the adjusted yardage algorithm . in both pre - time and real - time , the system can calculate historical adjusted yardage from historical results 3100 . this calculation starts by identifying all plays previously run , noting their results ( e . g . yardage gained , 1 st downs gained , scoring , game , play #, etc . ), annotating each play with additional scenario identifiers ( e . g ., team , defense faced , game #, field position , time , down , distance , play type , in - game play #, etc . ), grouping these play - scenario combinations , calculating typical yardage gained for each play - scenario combination 3100 , and , finally , enhancing typical yardage with 1 st - down and scoring trending 3101 to produce a historical adjusted yardage number for each play in each scenario . the adjusted yardage calculation weighs results from the current game , current teams , and more recent games more heavily than results from less current and less pertinent teams . the playbook section of the fan app is indicated by way of example in the screenshot of fig3 . the playbook details the plays for the fan &# 39 ; s team 3200 . the fan can sort by play type formation 3201 . each play includes a detailed diagram , simple name , coach name , etc . 3202 . the playbook section can also include playbook detail , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig3 . every play in a team &# 39 ; s playbook can be clicked on to offer more detail , past performance , and video to illustrate the play and its performance history 3300 . the content items discussed above are live and active content during an actual game . when a game starts , the fan app automatically changes to a gamecasting / push app determined by a league official as shown in the exemplary screenshots of fig3 and 35 . during the game , the fan app automatically displays game information 3400 3500 such as the teams playing , which quarter , the time / game clock , the score , which team has possession , and down and distance . once a game is in progress and a fan is logged in correctly , the system automatically pushes a vote to the app as shown in the exemplary screenshots of fig3 and 37 . fans can see a push of the vote of coaches play choices visually through the voting screen , manually through a buzz , and / or aurally through a tone 3600 3700 . the screen displays down , distance , field position , and game time in real time 3601 . the screen can also display play choices as graphical renditions of the plays as well as text 3701 . visually through graphical renditions of plays , fans can see the three coach choices 3602 . fans can also choose to skip vote 3603 by clicking an “ x ” button 3702 or clicking a “ close ” button 3703 , if desired . once fans receive a poll from the system as illustrated in the exemplary screenshots of fig3 and 39 , they can vote with a single touch of the play of their choice 3800 3900 . in one embodiment , their chosen play is marked 3801 and automatically sent to be tabulated to the back - end service of the system . in another embodiment , fans can choose to change their vote by clicking a “ change vote ” button 3901 . fans then watch the winning play executed on the field . as shown in the exemplary screenshots of fig4 and 41 , the fan app shows fans when their play has been selected to be run on the field 4100 and what % of fans voted for each play 4000 4101 . as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig4 , the fan app can also show fans when their play has not been selected to be run on the field 4200 . when a fan &# 39 ; s play is not selected , they are also shown the winning play 4201 . in addition to the live football game , fans can compete against other fans and other groups of fans on their coaching expertise . fans can choose and structure the ways in which they want to compete 4300 as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig4 . game dimensions can include , e . g ., single game vs . season , player vs . player , intra and extra - team leagues , player - defined leagues , and league vs . league . fans can compete using their coaching score in additional to their achievements as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig4 . a coach score is derived from the actual and typical results of the plays voted on by fans 4400 . scores are normalized to adjust for differences in team styles and results . the system allows coaches / coordinators to enter plays or formations to facilitate player coaching , game planning , and play selection . as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig4 , coaches / coordinators can enter multiple name types 4501 and a description 4502 for new plays and formations . coaches / coordinators can apply standard tags to each play 4503 including , e . g ., “ opening script ”, “ short yardage ”, “ medium yardage ”, “ long yardage ”, “ pass ”, “ run ”, “ game 1 ”, “ game 2 ”. coaches / coordinators can define new tags 4504 and can attach images to each play 4505 . as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig4 , coaches / coordinators can manage playbooks . they can search for plays by multiple categories 4601 and edit play names , tags , formations , etc . 4602 . coaches / coordinators can build scripts of plays that can be used for game planning , coaching , and easy selection as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig4 . coaches / coordinators can select and / or create script names / tags 4701 . they can create poll names 4702 and assign plays to poll names 4703 . as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig4 , coaches / coordinators can organize and present plays in various fashions 4801 , view plays on screen 4802 , and print plays for game day 4803 . as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig4 , production team members can manage plays for presentation to fans . they can enter multiple name types for plays 4901 and a fan playbook description 4902 , and attach a simple play diagram 4903 . coaches / coordinators can pick plays to be voted on by fans as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig5 . coaches / coordinators can access the screen from a unique url of the coach application 5000 . coaches / coordinators log in , click on 3 plays 5001 , and click on a commit plays button 5002 to confirm the choice . if no plays are committed , the system automatically assigns 3 plays after a given period of time ( e . g ., 7 seconds ). the coach receives the play that won the highest percentage of votes 5100 as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig5 . fig5 shows a screenshot of a coach application , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . coach application can communicate game status 5200 . game status can include a game quarter , a score , location of the ball , team with possession , and down information . coach application also allows a coach to choose plays sent to fans 5202 . plays sent to fans can include either pre - defined bundles of plays ( e . g ., in bundles of three ) or individually - selected plays 5204 . coach application can include a visual depiction of selected plays to the coach 5205 . coach application can also allow the coach to override and select a singular play for a number of times a game 5206 . as shown in fig5 , in accordance with one or more embodiments , a coach can also elect to override the vote and select the play himself or herself . coaches can be allowed a certain number of overrides per half ( e . g ., 4 ), and users can be notified immediately with a push notification on their device . according to some embodiments , a coach management system allows coaches to select their plays during games and coordinate other aspects of planning and executing plays during a game . an interface allows coaches to pick a set of plays offered to fans during each play , to see the winning play selected by fans , and to call “ overrides ” when they have to get their play run . in some embodiments , the coach management system allows football coaches to manage everything about a football team , as described in more detail below . briefly , a roster module can store the names , profiles , and video of all players . scouting can keep the profiles and assessments of all potential draftees and opposing players . medical manager can track all injuries , readying them for the injury report . playbook can give coaches a place to create any play they want , to organize each play by any attribute , and to create installs , scripts , and game plans for any situation . calendar can allow assistant coaches to structure daily coaching plans that roll up into weekly and seasonal plans managed by head coaches . analytics can allow coaches to understand the performance of all plays by situation , package and player . fig5 is a screenshot illustrating a coaching management system overview , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . the coaching management system can enable efficient , data - and system - driven management of most aspects of a football team , including : personnel management , playbook management , game plan management , player education , scouting and injuries 5400 . for personnel management , the system will capture past and current of player ( s ), plays the player partakes in and the performance of that player in given situations — home , away , etc . for playbook management , the system will capture all aspects of the playbook from individual plays , video links of the play , players associated with the play etc . for game plan management , the system will allow the coaching staff to detail out all aspects of the upcoming opponent and plan out the game by quarter , by player personnel , by situations like down and distance etc . for scouting and injuries , the system would like with scouting reports , interface with video footage of scouting sessions and offer real - time insights on injuries directly from the training and strength and conditioning staff . fig5 is a screenshot illustrating a play section within a coaching management system playbook , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . from the play section , a coach can store plays 5500 , filter plays by situation ( e . g ., down , distance , zone , game time , etc .) 5501 , filter plays by package 5502 ( an indicator of the number of running backs , tight ends , and receivers on the field ), filter plays by type ( e . g ., run , pass , play action , special teams , etc .) 5503 , and add plays 5504 . adding a new play involves entering a play name , illustrating the action of the play , and attaching the appropriate filters to the play . fig5 is a screenshot illustrating a bundles section within a coaching management system playbook , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . in the bundles section , plays can be organized into bundles of multiple plays ( e . g ., three plays ) that can be selected by a coach 5601 . each bundle represents a reasonable set of plays for a given game scenario — a set that makes sense for the coach and the fan . organizing plays into bundles makes it easier to present multiple plays to voting fans . the bundles are entered into the system 5602 at the direction of the coach orchestrating the game plan and typically calling the plays . a coach may assign a bundle number such as “ r12 ” 5603 so that it is easier to call plays during a live game . fig5 is a screenshot illustrating an installs section within a coaching management system playbook , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . in the installs section , plays can be organized into groups of installs . in some embodiments , installs include plays that teams will learn in an upcoming period of time 5701 . installs can be sorted by date 5702 and new installs can be added 5703 . fig5 is a screenshot illustrating a player roster section in a coaching management system , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . in the roster section , players on the roster can be stored 5800 , sorted and searched by various attributes 5801 . for example , a member of the coaching staff could sort / filter the players by offense , defense or special teams . players can be assigned to groups 5802 , which indicate the position they play . they can also be assigned to packages 5803 , which indicate the number of running backs , tight ends , receivers and other personnel on the field , sometimes called the personnel grouping . players can be viewed by groups 5900 , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig5 , and by packages 6000 , as shown in exemplary screenshot of fig6 . fig6 is a screenshot illustrating a personnel view in a coaching management system , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . personnel view includes access to detailed personnel information , such as participation in formations and play statistics 6100 . fig6 is a screenshot illustrating a game plan section in a coaching management system , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . in the game plan section , game plans for an upcoming weekend can be created 6200 . plays can also be selected for a game sheet 6201 , pages can be added to a game board 6202 , plays can be dragged in or out of a game plan 6203 , columns of plays can be cleared 6204 , and game plans can be saved 6205 . a game plan 6200 is embodied within a game board . a game board is made up of one or more game sheets . a game sheet is made up of multiple scripts 6300 , described below , and plays organized by situation . fig6 is a screenshot illustrating script creation in a coaching management system , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . in some embodiments , a script includes a series of plays run in sequence during specific scenarios : start of game , start of second half , goal line within the five yard line , etc . plays can be added to a script from other scripts and playlists 6302 . scripts can be created 6300 and assigned to a practice day 6300 . scripts can also be assigned to be practiced for specific game and opponents 6400 , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig6 . fig6 is a screenshot illustrating a game plan play sheet section in a coaching management system , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . a play sheet 6500 can be generated that allows quick selection of bundles and plays during a game . for example , a member of the coaching staff can see all of the bundles ( sets of plays ) for the situation 3 rd and long . this allows the coaching staff to quickly choose the plays to push out to fans based on the situation on the field . fig6 is a screenshot illustrating a calendar section in a coaching management system , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . a schedule can be created to install a game plan for a specific game 6600 . game plans can be organized by category 6601 , assigned to time slots in a calendar 6602 , and organized for viewing by day or week 6603 . a schedule can also include a scroll feature to view earlier and later events 6604 . events for the day can also appear in list format to identify points of emphasis for the day 6605 . points of emphasis could mean players on the injury report who won &# 39 ; t be reporting to practice , for example . events can also be viewed by week , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig6 . a team schedule can be viewed by week 6701 and events can be organized by time slot and emphasis 6702 . a team schedule can also be viewed by day 6800 , as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig6 . fig6 is a screenshot illustrating scouting reports in a coaching management system , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . scouting reports can be viewed and sorted by date 6900 . scouting reports can also be created 6901 . fig7 is a screenshot illustrating analytics in a coaching management system , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . a variety of analytics reports can be delivered by team , game , opponent , offense , and defense 7000 . as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig7 , the administrator ( admin ) can manage a game by accessing the system through a unique url and login 7101 . the admin can enter down , distance , score , quarter , time ( and save changes ) during a game 7102 . the admin can start the next set of plays once the referee ( on the field ) has placed the ball 7103 . at this point , the coaches will receive a notification on their app that they have a set amount of time ( e . g ., 7 seconds ) to input the next set of plays . the admin can also indicate a change in possession as needed , at which time a push notification will be sent out to all users that offense and defense has switched . fig7 shows a screenshot of a referee application , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . a referee application indicates a status of the system . a status of the system is described in more detail below . briefly , a status of the system can include ready for next play , coaches selecting plays , etc . 7200 . a referee application can include a link to initiate a play 7201 , to release a winning play ( e . g ., results of a play ) to the fans 7202 , and to switch possession of the ball to indicate which team is on offense and defense 7203 . there can also include an input to select coach selection time and fan voting time . coach selection time and fan voting time can define the length of states during a poll , as described in more detail below . production personnel can access the system as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig7 . production personnel can view participation statistics in real time of concurrent users on the system 7300 , send notifications if they are not participating 7301 , troubleshoot for technical issues 7302 , and alert marketing / customer service to flag for retention and participating strategies like rewards , etc . 7303 . as shown in the exemplary screenshot of fig7 , the system allows product marketing / customers service to view participation statistics in real time as well as analyzing data during non - games 7401 . they can use data to custom tailor “ mystat ” 7402 and myachievements ” to various fans . they can also tap the fan analytic database to reach out to inactive fans and try to re - engage them and other marketing / service details 7403 . fig7 illustrates an exemplary finite state machine , according to some embodiments of the present disclosure . the game engine is a system for organizing and running an official football game . this includes orchestrating exchanges between the fans , coaches , and referees via a central software solution . the system is modeled as a finite state machine . this means the system is in exactly one state at any given time . as different actions occur ( referee pushing a button , timer completed , etc .) the system moves onto other states . these states define what is possible and occurring at any given moment . the finite machine can be executed by a computing device . when a new game is created and scheduled , its first state is the “ pregame ” state . the system has been configured with two teams , but the game hasn &# 39 ; t actually started yet . in this state users will be able to interact with the game in different ways from when the game is running . this might include interactions / planning with their team coach . the only action from here that will change the state of the game is having the appropriate official input the command to start the game ( via the admin application ). this will transition the game to the state “ coach creating polls ”. all states except “ pregame ” and “ game over ” are considered to mean the game is currently “ active ”. this state means the coaches are currently selecting plays for inclusion in polls that will be sent out to and voted on by fans . coaches may also submit a “ coach override ” during this time . in this state , the system accepts play choice options for a poll from the coach application . a timer is started which can automatically transition to the “ notifying fans of polls ” state . the timer can range between 1 second and 60 seconds . in some embodiments , the timer is set for seven seconds . this state means the system is currently working to send both polls ( one for each team ) to their fans . in this state , coaches are no longer able to submit play choice options for a poll . a timer is started that will automatically transition to the “ fan voting ” state . the timer can range between 1 second and 60 seconds . in some embodiments , the timer is set for two seconds . the system verifies that each coach was able to create a poll . if a coach didn &# 39 ; t create their poll , the system can create a poll for them and populate it with three random play options . once both polls are ready they are transmitted to all fans . this state means the system is accepting votes from all fans . in this state , the poll sent to the fan in the previous state is made visible now . vote submissions are now accepted by the system . a timer is started which automatically transitions the game to the “ notify everyone of results ” state . the timer can range between 1 second and 60 seconds . in some embodiments , the timer is set for ten seconds . this state means the system is sending out vote results to all fans and coaches . in this state , votes are no longer accepted by the system . poll voting results are tabulated and a winning play or a tie is determined for each poll . a summary of each poll results are broadcast to all fans and coaches . a record of the vote summaries is stored for future use . a timer is started which automatically transitions the game to the “ play in action ” state . the timer can range between 1 second and 60 seconds . in some embodiments , the timer is set for two seconds . this state means that the winning plays are now being executed on the field by the actual football players . the system is waiting for input via the admin application about the final result of the play . depending on the results , the game can transition into two different states : 1 . if the system determines the game is over then the game transitions into the state “ game over ”. 2 . if the game is not technically over , then the system waits for a command from an official to start the next entire polling process . this is done by transitioning the game into the “ coach creating polls ” state again . in this state the game is now over and is no longer capable of going back to any of the other states . in some embodiments , the total execution time for the first four states is under 100 seconds . in some embodiments , the total execution time is in between 30 and 60 seconds . the processes of the live - game system described above may be implemented in software , hardware , firmware , or any combination thereof . the processes are preferably implemented in one or more computer programs executing on a programmable computer ( which can be part of the computer server system ) including a processor , a storage medium readable by the processor ( including , e . g ., volatile and non - volatile memory and / or storage elements ), and input and output devices . each computer program can be a set of instructions ( program code ) in a code module resident in the random access memory of the computer . until required by the computer , the set of instructions may be stored in another computer memory ( e . g ., in a hard disk drive , or in a removable memory such as an optical disk , external hard drive , memory card , or flash drive ) or stored on another computer system and downloaded via the internet or other network . having thus described several illustrative embodiments , it is to be appreciated that various alterations , modifications , and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art . such alterations , modifications , and improvements are intended to form a part of this disclosure , and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of this disclosure . while some examples presented herein involve specific combinations of functions or structural elements , it should be understood that those functions and elements may be combined in other ways according to the present disclosure to accomplish the same or different objectives . in particular , acts , elements , and features discussed in connection with one embodiment are not intended to be excluded from similar or other roles in other embodiments . additionally , elements and components described herein may be further divided into additional components or joined together to form fewer components for performing the same functions . for example , the computer server system may comprise one or more physical machines , or virtual machines running on one or more physical machines . in addition , the computer server system may comprise a cluster of computers or numerous distributed computers that are connected by the internet or another network . accordingly , the foregoing description and attached drawings are by way of example only , and are not intended to be limiting . those of skill in the art would appreciate that the various illustrations in the specification and drawings described herein can be implemented as electronic hardware , computer software , or combinations of both . to illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software , various illustrative blocks , modules , elements , components , methods , and algorithms have been described above generally in terms of their functionality . whether such functionality is implemented as hardware , software , or a combination depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system . skilled artisans can implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application . various components and blocks can be arranged differently ( for example , arranged in a different order , or partitioned in a different way ) all without departing from the scope of the subject technology . furthermore , an implementation of the communication protocol can be realized in a centralized fashion in one computer system , or in a distributed fashion where different elements are spread across several interconnected computer systems . any kind of computer system , or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein , is suited to perform the functions described herein . a typical combination of hardware and software could be a general purpose computer system with a computer program that , when being loaded and executed , controls the computer system such that it carries out the methods described herein . the methods for the communications protocol can also be embedded in a computer program product , which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the methods described herein , and which , when loaded in a computer system is able to carry out these methods . computer program or application in the present context means any expression , in any language , code or notation , of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following : a ) conversion to another language , code or notation ; b ) reproduction in a different material form . significantly , this communication protocol can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof , and accordingly , reference should be had to the following claims , rather than to the foregoing specification , as indicating the scope of the invention . the communications protocol has been described in detail with specific reference to these illustrated embodiments . it will be apparent , however , that various modifications and changes can be made within the spirit and scope of the disclosure as described in the foregoing specification , and such modifications and changes are to be considered equivalents and part of this disclosure .
a computerized method and system of facilitating state - based participation in calling plays in a football game thereby allowing fans to proactively participate in real - time in the game with players , referees and coaches . a computing device receives a user profile corresponding to a user registered to vote in a real - time football game . a sequence of states occurring in 100 seconds or less is initiated in response to a start of a play during the real - time football game . the sequence of states includes receiving a submission of a set of plays from a coach , sending the set of plays to a registered user , and receiving a vote from the registered user . a result of a real - time play based on the winning play is received and the coach is score updated by comparing the vote with the winning play and with the result of the real - time play .