fig1 depicts a first illustrative embodiment of a reinforcing implant according to the invention , which is designated in its entirety by reference number 1 . it has a forwardly facing oblique front surface 20 , a rearwardly facing and similarly oblique rear surface 21 , and also a lateral side surface 22 and a medial side surface 23 . an underside 14 and , opposite the latter , a top surface 15 ( see fig2 ) are also provided , which merge via rounded edges into the front surface 20 . these surfaces delimit a main body 2 , which has a double rhomboidal shape . the front surface 20 , the rear surface 21 and the two side surfaces 22 , 23 form a rhombus with a rhombus angle α of 45 ° measured in a plane orthogonal to the rear surface 21 . ( rhombus angle is understood as the smaller of the internal angles .) the lateral and medial side surfaces 22 , 23 are oriented parallel to each other , although this does not rule out the possibility of their forming a wedge angle . the front surface 20 and the rear surface 21 are likewise arranged parallel to each other . there is also a rhomboidal shape with respect to the front surface 20 , rear surface 21 , underside 14 and top surface 15 ( see fig2 ). here , the rhombus angle β measures approximately 55 °. arranged on the side surfaces 22 , 23 , there are spikes 28 which are for primary fixation and are beveled toward the front . at the rear end of the medial side surface , a rearwardly protruding extension 4 is arranged in the area of the transition to the rear surface 21 . this extension 4 has , on its medial side , a bearing surface 43 for bearing on the spinous process of a vertebra . the bearing surface 43 and the medial side surface 23 are preferably in one plane . the extension is relatively thin and has a material thickness of up to 1 . 5 mm . an abutment shoulder 27 is formed in the area of the transition between the lateral side surface 22 and the rear surface 21 . the rearwardly facing side is oblique and forms a plane with the rear surface 21 , while its forwardly facing side is oriented perpendicular to the lateral side surface 22 . it thus forms , with its front side , an abutment which limits the depth of insertion of the implant into the resection opening . the implant is inserted until the abutment shoulder 27 rests with its front side on the bone of the lamina . a fixing tongue 3 is articulated on the abutment shoulder 27 . it has a substantially oval configuration and is mounted bendably , via a portion of reduced material thickness 30 , on the abutment shoulder 27 of the main body 2 . the fixing tongue 3 has a similar opening 31 which , on its two long sides , is divided into three areas by two projections 32 . the edge of the opening is shaped obliquely such that , together with the projections 32 , a conical contact surface is formed for a round receiving head , which can be mounted in a total of three positions in the opening 1 : an upper position , a middle position between the pairs of projections 32 , and a lower position . they serve to receive a pars screw ( see fig5 ). the pars screw 6 is mounted in a receiving position 33 in the opening 31 of the fixing tongue 3 such that it can adopt different axes ( polyaxial ) through ± 15 ° in two directions . on account of the different receiving positions 33 , the pars screw 6 can be moved by 4 mm in the opening 31 . a similar polyaxial seat for a laminar screw 7 is provided in the extension 4 . for this purpose , an opening 41 is formed which , at its edge 42 , likewise has bevels in order to permit , together with the screw head , a polyaxial mounting about ± 15 ° ( see fig4 ). the opening 41 is designed as an oblong hole and allows the laminar screw to be arranged in different positions along a length of 3 . 5 mm . moreover , a tool receiver 5 is arranged in the rear surface 21 . it comprises a longitudinal groove 51 with a blind hole , which is arranged in the middle of the groove bottom and has a pulling thread 52 . the longitudinal groove 51 receives , at the correct angle and in a manner secure against rotation , the gripper foot of a holding tool , onto which the implant is drawn via the pulling thread 52 by a clamping screw contained in the tool . an embodiment of a corresponding instrument 8 is shown in fig6 . it comprises an elongate shaft 80 , which is provided with a hollow bore along the central axis . a laterally protruding handle 81 is arranged at one end and is fixed in terms of its angle to the hollow shaft 80 . at the other end of the hollow shaft 80 , there is a gripper foot 82 which , at its outer end , has a ridge extending transversely with respect to the axis of the hollow shaft 80 . the ridge is shaped in such a way that , with respect to its length and width , it can be introduced into the complementary seat in the longitudinal groove 51 of the main body 2 . a clamping screw 84 with a rotary grip 85 at the handle end and with a threaded head 86 at the opposite end is fitted in the hollow shaft 80 . the threaded head 86 is designed such that it engages in the thread 52 at the bottom of the longitudinal groove 51 and clamps this against the gripper foot . in this way , the implant 1 is mounted on the instrument 8 firmly and in a manner secure against rotation . through suitable orientation of the handle 81 , the operating surgeon knows exactly at what angle the implant 1 is located and can insert the latter in a targeted manner , specifically until the abutment shoulder 27 prevents further insertion . the implant 1 is thus positioned . all that then has to be done is , using suitable drills and screwdrivers , to insert the pars screw 6 and laminar screw 7 that are required for further fastening . fig7 a - c show an example of the arrangement of the implant in a vertebra 9 . fig7 a is a rear view of the vertebra 9 showing a resection in the area of the lamina 93 , more precisely in the area to the right of the spinous process 92 . sectioned surfaces 94 , 95 can be seen that have been made on the left and right edges of the opening . the implant 1 is inserted into this opening by means of the instrument 8 in the manner described above . the implant 1 is chosen from the set ( see fig3 ), in terms of its thickness d , such that it completely fills the space between the two sectioned surfaces 94 , 95 of the lamina . the spikes 28 on the lateral and medial side surfaces 22 , 23 of the main body 2 engage in the sectioned surfaces 94 , 95 and thus provide primary fastening of the implant . in order to further protect the implant against migration and against twisting , further anchoring is provided by the pars screw 6 in the pars interarticularis 91 of the vertebra 9 and by means of the laminar screw 7 in that part of the lamina 93 located on the other side of the spinous process 92 . the arrangement of the screw is symbolized for illustrative purposes in the partially cutaway view in fig7 c . an alternative means of fastening using a screw dowel device is shown in fig8 . it comprises a dowel 71 with several segments 72 that are divided by longitudinal slits and that are connected to one another at one end and are free at the other end . arranged at each free end , there is an outwardly facing retainer hook 73 , which is designed to engage behind the opening edge of the bore through which the dowel is plugged . in order to achieve sufficiently secure engagement even in through - bores of different lengths , the retainer hook is preferably designed in several steps ( with three steps in the illustrative embodiment shown ). each step has a lower height than the adjacent one lying further to the outside . the dowel is also provided with an internal thread 74 . a fixing screw 70 provided with a corresponding external thread engages in the internal thread and is inserted , instead of the laminar screw 7 , through the opening 41 in the extension 4 . secure anchoring on the spinous process 92 can be achieved in this way . examples of implants 1 in different sizes are shown in fig3 . the implants 1 , 1 ′, 1 ″, 1 ′″ are substantially identical and differ only in respect of their thickness d , that is to say the distance between lateral side surface 22 and medial side surface 23 . they also differ in terms of the distance of the front side of the shoulder 27 from the rounded front edge of the lateral side surface 22 which , in the illustrative embodiment shown , is approximately 0 . 9 times the thickness d . the set further comprises similar but mirror - inverted implants 11 , 11 ′, 11 ″, 11 ′″, which together form an implant set 11 . in this way , dedicated implants adapted to the anatomy can be used for implantation in the lamina on the left - hand side and on the right - hand side . the individual steps involved in the implantation are outlined below . after an opening has been created ( cf . fig7 a ), a test implant is used to determine the width of the opening and therefore the suitable size of the implant 1 from the implant set according to the invention . the test implant also comprises sample bores on the extension 4 and on the fixing tongue , in order to form bores for receiving the pars screw 6 and the laminar screw 7 using the test implant as drill jig . in a next step , the implant is mounted and secured on the tool 8 in the manner shown and , finally , inserted into the resected space in the lamina 93 . the fastening devices used for securing , particularly in the area of the extension 4 , are introduced . the implant is definitively secured by tightening of the fastening screws .
an implant set for insertion into the lamina of a vertebra includes several reinforcing implants , each of which includes a main body with bearing surfaces on the vertebra and a fastening device . the main body has a front surface , a rear surface , and lateral and medial side surfaces , the medial side surface being offset rearwardly in relation to the lateral side surface . the side surfaces bear on sectioned surfaces of the lamina , and a rearwardly protruding extension with a lateral bearing surface on a spinous process of the vertebra is arranged on the rear surface . in this way , the resection opening can be easily and safely closed . sleeves can be provided for the fastening via screws that are oriented such that the screws are guided through the adjoining facets and fuse the latter .