fig1 a and 1b respectively show front and side views of a first embodiment of a putter 10 according to the invention . the putter 10 includes a head 12 having a front face 14 , a shaft 18 which can include a handle or other elements allowing gripping the golf club , and a pair of runners 20 , 21 . each runner includes a front portion 15 which faces the ball 30 , and inside 36 , outside 31 , and back 37 portions . a ground engaging surface is formed from the lowermost surfaces of the runners in the general area 24 . the putter has a heel end 21 and a toe end 23 . the first runner 20 is formed on the bottom surface of the head at the toe end 23 and the heel end 21 . blade 25 is formed on front face 14 between the runners 20 and 21 . the head 12 also includes side surfaces 50 , 52 and rear surface 55 , and a bottom surface 57 . the runners 20 and 21 raise the blade 25 of the putter 20 above a ground surface 22 . the surface area of the ground engaging surfaces of the runners ( indicated by the bracket 24 ) which contacts the ground 22 is smaller than the surface area of the bottom surface 57 of the putter head 12 . this system minimizes interaction between the blade and the ground during putting . the minimized interactions can reduce deflections of the putter . they also promote a firm top spin roll of the ball . the runners 20 and 21 also raise the blade 25 to a level which is slightly below the equator 32 of the ball 30 which allows more consistent putting pace which can contribute to speed . this helps the blade 25 to strike the ball 30 with an upward blow during putting . the upward blow imparts a desirable top - spin roll on the ball , and causes undesirable spin which tend to cause the ball to deviate from the desired path , such as back or side spins to be minimized . the height and surface area of the runners are important design parameters in the putter head design . the height of the runner is shown as the arrow 27 . this height determines the location where the ball is struck . a golfer usually raises the putter off the ground slightly during a putt . a putt begins with the bottom of the club head on the ground , but the putter is raised above the ground at the moment when it strikes the ball . the inventor found it desirable to form the runners to have a height which is below the equator of the ball . the runners 20 , 21 preferably have a height between ⅛ inch and ⅝ inches , with a height of 0 . 30 inches being the most preferred . the total surface area of the runners is chosen to provide a stable base on which to set the putter while minimizing contact between the head and the ground . the preferred surface area is between 0 . 15 - 0 . 35 square inches per runner for a total of 0 . 3 - 0 . 7 square inches . the distance separating the runners ( shown by the arrow 31 ) is preferably wider than a golf ball diameter ( 1 . 5 inches ). preferably , this distance is between 1 . 2 and 2 . 5 inches . other preferred dimensions of the putter are described herein with reference to the further embodiments . each runner preferably includes a straight segment ( arrow 42 ) and a curved , tapered , or angled segment ( arrow 43 ) along the front vertical portion which faces the ball . sharp edges are less preferred , as they tend to catch on the ground during putting , thereby disrupting the swing . the back portion 37 of the runner is similar to the front portion , and includes a straight segment and a curved , tapered , or angled segment . insert 33 is shown on the front face 12 . insert 33 may be disposed between the two runners . as will become evident from investigation of the other embodiments , the insert is optional , and many usable embodiments omit using the insert . the insert 33 includes a lower edge which is located even with the blade 25 . the insert 33 is preferably formed of a material different than the material of the putter head 12 . most preferably , the insert is formed of a material having some property which is similar to the material forming the outer covering of the golf ball . the insert 33 promotes a desirable “ dead hit ” when the ball is struck . such a hit reduces vibrations during impact , minimizes the chances that the ball “ jumps ” off the front face of the putter head following impact , and , in general , provides the user with a more comfortable feel during putting . the present invention preferably uses two runners . the putter is rested on the two runners prior to putting . during putting , the putter is easily drawn backwards from the rested position , and then pushed forward in a pendulum - type motion . the path along which the putter swings is generally collinear with the desired path of the ball . conventional putters , in contrast , have a much larger bottom surface area . this creates a greater possibility that during takeaway or follow through that there may be risk of interaction with the ground . the present design is less likely to be thrown off line because there is less surface area interaction with the ground . since the putter starts at rest on the ground and must be moved , interactions between the uneven ground and the putter surface must take place . the inventor currently contemplates forming the putter of the present invention from the metallic glasses , as described in u . s . pat . nos 5 , 288 , 344 and 5 , 368 , 659 . fig2 a - 2d show different positions of the putter 10 relative to a golf ball 30 during a putting stroke . prior to the stroke ( fig2 a ) the putter 10 is set so that the runners 20 rest on the ground 22 . the runners 20 elevate the blade 25 so that it is slightly below the ball &# 39 ; s equator . the putter 10 is drawn back ( fig2 b ) and then pushed towards the ball . the bottom surfaces of the runners 20 are preferably above the ground 22 ( fig2 c ) as the ball is struck , if a good putting stoke is made . the blade 25 then impacts the ball 30 very near the ball &# 39 ; s equator with an upward blow ( fig2 d ). this causes the ball to roll away from the putter with a desirable top spin ( indicated by the arrow 35 ) and along a path collinear with a path defined by the putters swing . fig3 a - 3d show an analogous sequence of steps for a putter 50 of the prior art . prior to the stroke ( fig3 a ) the putter 50 preferably rests with its blade 55 even with or slightly above the ground 57 . the blade 55 is typically just below the ball &# 39 ; s equator . the putter 50 is then drawn back ( fig3 b ) and then pushed towards the ball ( fig3 c ). the blade impacts the ball with the leading edge below the equator of the ball with a downward force ( fig3 d ) to generate backspin on the ball ( indicated in the figure by the arrow 59 ), causing the ball to skid . the ball may eventually exhibit a top - spin roll , although this typically occurs after the ball has skidded for some small distance and deviated from its intended course . fig4 a - 4c show an embodiment that has a rounded head 400 . the hozzle 402 of the head is sized to fit a shaft 405 around it . this embodiment includes a system which has no sharp edges on the putter — every edge is at least slightly rounded . the shaft fits around the outside of the hozel as shown . the putter head 400 has a lower , runner area 410 , which is wider in dimension than the upper , shaft attaching area 420 . fig4 b shows a cross sectional view of the fig4 a rear view along the line 4 b — 4 b . fig4 c shows the front view of the putter . the runners in this embodiment are rounded along multiple axes , to form a rounded ground engaging surface . fig5 a - 5c show another rounded embodiment — this one having a shaft which fits around the outside of the neck of the putter . the preferred dimensions of this putter are 2 . 2 cm by 12 . 2 cm overall with a 1 cm lip forming the blade area . fig7 a - 7c shows an embodiment with runners that are less rounded than those of previous embodiments . the fig8 embodiment uses a special heavy material such as brass or bronze . other embodiments are within the scope of the invention . for example , runners can be included with any type of putter design . in addition , each dimension of the putter head depends on the types of materials used to fabricate the head . these dimensions can therefore be adjusted significantly for different types of putters formed from different materials . in particular , the dimensions are likely to decrease when more dense materials are used . the runners described above have ellipsoidal cross sections . alternatively , the runners can have triangular , cylindrical , circular , or any other type of cross - sectional area . the runners preferably include both flat and curved , angled , or tapered portions in all dimensions . for instance , all surfaces of the runner can be curved ( e . g ., the runner has a hemispherical shape ). the preferred embodiment of the invention features two runners . in other embodiments the putter can have a single runner . in this case , the runner has a similar shape as described above . in still other embodiments , the putter includes more than two runners , distributed periodically or randomly along its bottom surface . preferably , the putter head and the runners are formed together in a single cast . alternatively , the runners can be attached to the putter head using , e . g ., a weld or adhesive . runners can be made on a putter having any shape or size which falls within guidelines of the united states golf association ( usga ). the angle of the putter &# 39 ; s shaft has minimal affect on the design of the putter head and the runners . the shaft can be imbedded directly into the putter head . the raising of center of gravity for most greater top spin of the golf ball while the previous embodiments have described one technique of raising center of gravity , additional techniques are described in the second and third embodiments described herein . as above , raising the height of the blade can promote contact with the golf ball as close to the equator as possible . this also raises the center of mass in the putter to promote angular momentum that produces true roll . it creates a tendency to strike the ball with a leading edge to effect more consistent strikes without flyers . it also allows placing the blade flat on the putting surface . this provides for more consistent alignment of the putter blade and promotes a more consistent stroke . when the blade meets the ball , all of the force vectors are resolved onto one point intersection between ball and blade . underspin is generated when there is a component of force ( or a resolved vector ) that is oriented toward the putting surface . the type of spin should be a function of the direction of acceleration in which a putter approaches the ball , and also a function of the position of the center of mass with respect to the ball . to both promote a putting stroke with an upward force vector and position the mass in such a way as to generate more overspin and less underspin , the present embodiments raise the center of mass ( c . o . m .). fig9 a - 9d show cross sectional views of a golf putter head of an embodiment that raises the center of gravity without the need for runners . in one embodiment , these features can be used without ground runners , i . e ., they have a bottom - most surface that is substantially flat . each of these heads has the common feature of a center of mass which is raised to a height above the center of the putter , and preferably above the center of the golf ball . fig9 a shows a golf club head which is substantially constant in cross - sectional area from its top area 900 to its bottom area 902 . the golf club putter head is formed of two materials : a first more dense material area 904 formed of a first material and a second less dense material area 906 formed of a less dense material , and a separator 915 between the materials . specific preferred materials are described in detail herein . the center of mass 910 is defined by the density of the materials and the position of the separator 915 between the materials . according to this system , the center of mass is at a height h that is at least 55 percent of x where x is the total distance between the bottom surface of the bottom portion 902 and the top surface of the top portion 900 . h is also approximately ¾ inch , or a little greater than ¾ inch . in this embodiment , preferably the area of the head does not differ in cross section between its top and its bottom by more than 20 percent . the raised center of gravity is formed by a denser material rather than a changed cross - section . in one embodiment shown in fig1 a , the golf club head is formed of a lower half and a upper half . the density of the material of the upper half is preferably at least 5 percent more than the lower half . the density ( and hence mass ) of the upper half of the golf club head in both fig9 a and 10a is equal to between 105 percent and 170 percent of the density of the lower half . a value of 115 to 130 percent is optimal . exemplary materials are described herein . the denser materials ( group “ h ” materials ) used on the top half 900 have a density greater than 6 - 7 grams / cc . materials include , in order of denseness , stainless steel , copper alloy , such as copper beryllium , bronze , aluminum - bronze alloys , tungsten , lead , nickel , carbon steel , liquid metal , or regular steel . the less dense materials ( group “ l ” materials ) used in the lower portion 902 preferably have a density of less than 5 grams per cubic centimeter . these include , in order , wood , polymers such as plexiglas (™) form of acrylic , liquid metal ( u . s . pat . no . 5 , 288 , 344 ) polydicyclopendadeyene ( dcpd ), carbon and carbon materials , aluminum , titanium , aluminum alloys , titanium alloys , and stainless steel . as can be seen , the upper end of the less dense materials may overlap with the lower end of the more dense materials . fig1 b shows this embodiment being coupled with ground runners as described with reference to fig1 - 8 . any of the ground runners can be used . in this embodiment , both altered center of gravity by materials , and by lifting the section itself , are combined . again , h & gt ;= 0 . 55 ×, and h & gt ;= ¾ inch , the radius of a golf ball on the ground . another alternative for a golf club head shape is shown in fig9 b . in this embodiment , the golf club head is formed to have a non - uniform cross - section and formed of a homogeneous material . the golf club head 920 is formed with a top half of the golf club 922 that takes up a larger volume than the lower half 921 of the golf club head 924 . the volume of the top is greater than the volume of the bottom by at least five percent . in this way , even though a homogeneous material is used , the relationship of h & gt ;= 0 . 55 × and h & gt ;= ¾ inch is maintained . again , preferably the mass of the top “ half ” of the head is between 105 percent and 170 percent of the mass of the bottom half , and more preferably 115 percent to 130 percent . the golf club head in fig9 b can be formed with a striking surface in area 924 and an overhanging portion 926 which overhangs the striking surface . the golf club head can be formed of any of the materials from groups a or b described previously . the head can also be formed with runners . a third embodiment , shown in fig9 c , forms a golf club head 930 in any of the shapes described in any of fig1 - 9b , 9 d or fig1 . the head can be formed of multiple materials , or formed of a single material and can be of any desired cross - section . the head is conceptually divided into top and bottom halves 932 and 934 . the top half includes a strip 936 of a heavy weight material , such as lead . the heavy weight strip of material changes the weight balance of the top portion relative to the bottom portion . in this way , the top half is caused to have between 105 percent and 170 percent of the weight of the bottom half ; more preferably between 115 percent and 130 percent . again , this can be formed with runners as in fig1 b . another embodiment shown in fig9 d forms the golf club head with a bottom portion 942 that has a larger cross - section than the top portion 944 . the material of the bottom portion 942 is a less dense material from the group l materials . the material of the top portion 944 is a more dense material e . g . selected from the group h materials . while fig9 d shows these materials being functionally divided at their halfway point , it should be understood that the dividing line 946 between the bottom portion 942 and the top portion 944 could be at any portion in between those two portions . all such modifications are intended to be encompassed in the following claims .
golf club putter that has a raised center of gravity , to allow hitting a golf ball at an improved spot . the raised center of gravity is done by either changing the shape of the putter head , or the material layout of the putter head .