referring now to fig1 there is illustrated how a head unit of circular stapling device is split up into three assemblies , namely a staple cartridge assembly 1 , a mandrel assembly 2 and a clincher insertion head assembly 3 . referring now to fig2 a it is evident that the staple cartridge 1 is accommodated in a housing 11 of a head unit of the circular stapling device which is connected via a push button fastener 112 to a shank tube 42 ( fig4 ) of the stapling device . arranged concentrically in a staple cartridge 17 connected to the housing 11 are u - shaped staples 18 in at least one staple chute 172 , plungers 161 of a staple ejector 16 mounted axially shiftable in the housing 11 being suitably oriented relative to the staple chute ( s ) 172 . mounted axially shiftable in the housing 11 of the head unit is likewise a scalpel holder 12 with mounted scalpel 13 . scalpel holder 12 and staple ejector 16 are connected to each other via coupling elements 15 . by means of a spring 14 supporting the scalpel holder 12 at the raised face 124 against the staple ejector 16 the scalpel holder 12 together with the scalpel 13 is retracted back into the housing 11 after stapling and preferably an excision has been performed . referring now to fig2 b it is evident that a pin body 21 of the mandrel 2 has a tubular slotted end 212 which is mountable on a contact pin 43 of a clincher insertion head actuator mechanism 44 ( see fig7 ) of the stapling device , a circumferential groove of the contact pin 43 engaging a circumferential raised face 211 ( fig7 a ) of the inner contour of the pin 21 . in adjusting a tissue gap the contact pin 43 with the mandrel 2 is drawn into the interior of the shank tube 42 by means of the clincher insertion head adjusting mechanism 44 of the stapling device , as a result of which the slotted end 212 of the mandrel 2 is located within a barrelled pressure part 41 of the stapling device , thus arresting the connection of the contact pin 43 with the mandrel 2 . splines 23 and 22 respectively align the mandrel 2 rotatively with reference to the splines 123 of the scalpel holder 12 and the splines 332 of a staple anvil 33 ( fig2 c ) respectively , thus assuring that the staple chutes 172 of the cartridge 17 are precisely aligned relative to the staple clinching grooves 331 of the anvil 33 ( see fig3 top ). at the distal end of the mandrel 2 the clincher insertion head 2 is releasably connected , the smaller inner diameter 322 ( fig5 ) of a latching element 32 thereby engaging a corresponding groove 213 of the mandrel 2 ( fig2 b ). to release the connection between the mandrel 2 and the clincher insertion head 3 an operating control button 36 needs to be actuated to overcome the spring force of a spring 35 centered on a spigot 311 of a domed cap 31 . in this arrangement the latching element 32 attached by a nose 321 in the operating control button 36 is displaced so that the larger diameter 323 of the latching element 32 is aligned in the longitudinal axis of the mandrel 2 . the diameter 323 is dimensioned somewhat larger than the outer diameter of the mandrel 2 or of a pilot hole 312 so that the mandrel in this position can be extracted from the clincher insertion head 3 . the clincher insertion head 3 comprises the staple clinching grooves 331 for clinching the staples 18 as well as a ring 34 preferably made of teflon serving as the cutter counterpart for the scalpel 13 so that during the stapling action an axial force is exerted by the barrelled pressure part 41 on the scalpel holder 12 . referring now to fig6 there is illustrated in perspective a push button fastener 112 provided at the proximal end of the housing 11 of the head unit and comprising push buttons 112 seated pliantly . the push buttons 112 engage corresponding radial holes 420 in a shank tube 42 . referring now to fig7 there is illustrated in perspective the slotted end 212 of the pin body 21 . as evident from the cartridge detail illustration in fig7 a a circumferential raised face 211 on the inner contour of the slotted tubular end 212 engages a corresponding groove in the contact pin 43 of a clincher insertion head adjusting mechanism 44 ( not shown ) of a operating control part . referring now to fig8 there is illustrated part of the stapling mechanism 45 of the operating control part which translates into a barrelled pressure part 41 by means of which a compressive force is transferred as an axial pressure force into the body of a head unit . referring now to fig9 a and 9 b there is illustrated a first embodiment identified as variant 1 a in which scalpel holder v 1 a - 12 and staple ejector v 1 a - 16 are fixedly coupled , i . e . stapling and excision occurring simultaneously . in a stapling action the unit comprising scalpel holder v 1 a - 12 and staple ejector v 1 a - 16 is displaced axially in the housing 11 of the head unit ( fig9 b ), resulting in the staples 18 being ejected from their chutes and clinched in the staple clinching grooves 331 of the anvil 33 . at the same time the circular scalpel v 1 a - 13 trims the protruding edge of tissue . in all embodiments as described in the following stapling is done prior to the excision . in the embodiment modified accordingly as shown in fig2 a to fig4 as well as in fig1 a and 10 b , thus identified as variant v 1 b , and involving a linear - sensitive coupling action the staple ejector v 1 b - 16 is connected to the scalpel holder v 1 b - 12 by at least one coupling element 15 ( fig2 a ). this at least one coupling element 15 is seated in a window 162 of the staple ejector 16 as well as in a recess 1211 of a guiding groove 121 of the scalpel holder 12 . on commencement of stapling staple ejector v 1 b - 16 and scalpel holder v 1 b - 12 are moved in common ( fig3 ). after a predetermined stapling travel the configuration of an inner contour 111 of the housing 11 enables the coupling elements 15 to be radially displaced , as a result of which a ramp 151 ( fig3 ) on each coupling element 15 comes up against a raised face 171 in the staple cartridge 17 so that the coupling element 15 is displaced radially outwards until it no longer engages the scalpel holder 12 , thus subsequently resulting in staple ejector 16 and scalpel holder 12 being decoupled , after which the scalpel holder 12 travels alone to implement the excision ( see fig4 ). referring now to fig1 a and 10 b it is evident that in the first embodiment variant v 1 b the scalpel holder v 1 b - 12 is connected to the staple ejector v 1 b - 16 via at least one tab v 1 - 19 in the form of a flexible finger . this tab v 1 b - 19 engages a corresponding recess v 1 b - 124 of the scalpel holder v 1 b - 12 and transfers the force during the stapling action from the scalpel holder v 1 b - 12 to the staple ejector v 1 b - 16 ( see fig1 a ). once stapling has been implemented , the staple ejector v 1 b - 16 comes up against the staple cartridge : the tabs v 1 b - 19 then being located in a portion of the inner contour 111 of the housing 11 ( fig3 ) in which the tabs v 1 b - 19 can be bent radially outwards . due to the ramps of the recess v 1 b - 124 the tabs v 1 b - 19 are urged radially outwards , as a result of which the scalpel holder v 1 b - 12 is decoupled from the staple ejector v 1 b - 16 . the scalpel holder v 1 b - 12 then travels by itself and implements the excision ( see fig1 b ). unlike the linear - sensitive coupling as described above the coupling now to be described with reference to the fig1 a / 11 b , fig1 a / 12 b , fig1 a / 13 b and in fig1 a / 14 b in the embodiments , identified as variants v 2 a to v 2 d , is termed force - sensitive . in these embodiments too , stapling occurs prior to the excision . staple ejectors v 2 a - 16 , v 2 b - 16 , v 2 c - 16 and v 2 d - 16 as well as scalpel holders v 2 a - 12 , v 2 b - 12 , v 2 c - 12 and v 2 d - 12 respectively are connected to each other via at least one breakaway lock v 2 a - 10 , v 2 b - 10 , v 2 c - 10 and v 2 d - 10 respectively . during the stapling action the staple ejectors v 2 a - 16 , v 2 b - 16 , v 2 c - 16 and v 2 d - 16 and the scalpel holders v 2 a - 12 , v 2 b - 12 , v 2 c - 12 and v 2 d - 12 respectively travel in common . once the stapling action has been implemented the staple ejector v 2 a - 16 , v 2 b - 16 , v 2 c - 16 and v 2 d - 16 respectively comes up against the staple cartridge , for example v 2 a - 17 as shown in fig1 b . as soon as the stapling force exceeds the breakaway force of the corresponding breakaway lock v 2 a - 10 , v 2 b - 10 , v 2 c - 10 and v 2 d - 10 respectively the staple ejector v 2 a - 16 , v 2 b - 16 , v 2 c - 16 and v 2 d - 16 and scalpel holder v 2 a - 12 , v 2 b - 12 , v 2 c - 12 and v 2 d - 12 respectively decouple so that the latter subsequently travels by itself and implements the excision . referring now to fig1 a and 11 b there is illustrated a second embodiment ( variant v 2 a ) in which the breakaway lock v 2 a - 10 is achieved as a frangible knockout which breaks as soon as the breakaway force is exceeded so that the scalpel holder v 2 a - 12 and staple ejector v 2 a - 16 are subsequently decoupled . referring now to fig1 a and 12 b there is illustrated a variant v 2 b in which the breakaway lock v 2 b - 10 is achieved as a leaf spring latch v 2 b - 10 seated in a recess v 2 b - 124 of the scalpel holder v 2 b - 12 . when the breakaway force is sufficient the leaf spring latch v 2 b - 10 deforms like a bending finger , causing it to snap out of place from the recess v 2 b - 124 , thus resulting in scalpel holder v 2 b - 12 and staple ejector v 2 b - 16 being decoupled from each other . referring now to fig1 a and 13 b there is illustrated a third embodiment ( variant v 2 c ) in which the breakaway lock is a ball spring latch , the ball v 2 c - 10 of which is urged by a spring v 2 c - 11 into a recess v 2 c - 121 in the scalpel holder v 2 c - 12 . once the breakaway force on stopping of the staple ejector v 2 c - 16 is sufficient the ball v 2 c - 10 snaps out of place from the recess v 2 c - 121 , resulting in the staple ejector v 2 c - 16 being decoupled from the scalpel holder v 2 c - 12 . referring now to fig1 a and 14 b there is illustrated a fourth embodiment ( variant v 2 d ) in which the coupling element features a corrugated inner contour v 2 d - 160 of the staple ejector v 2 d - 16 engaging a corresponding outer contour v 2 d - 121 of the scalpel holder v 2 d - 12 . to decouple the staple ejector v 2 d - 16 from the scalpel holder v 2 d - 12 after the stapling action the breakaway force applied must be sufficient to urge the inner contour v 2 d - 160 of the staple ejector v 2 d - 16 sufficient radially outwards due to the ramp - effect of the outer contour v 2 d - 121 so that the inner contour v 2 d - 160 totally releases from the cuter contour v 2 d - 121 . referring now to fig1 a to 15 f there is illustrated a further embodiment of the circular stapling device in the form of a purse string suture applicator . a purse string suture applicator does not serve to directly connect two free ends of a hollow organ , it instead serving to prepare this connection and is thus termed an anastomosis preparator with which a suture loop is applied to a free end of a hollow organ by means of staples . a purse string suture applicator is configured and functions similarly to the circular stapling device as described above , except that in the purse string suture applicator the staples are not arranged and oriented , as in the stapling device in two rows circumferentially but in one row radially . the remaining configuration of a purse string suture applicator including the scalpel which may be coupled either fixedly to the staple ejector or connected thereto by means of a decoupling mechanism has already been detained in describing the circular stapler . likewise , the purse string suture applicator or anastomosis preparator , termed the fifth embodiment ( variant v 3 ) in the following comprises the same system connecting the shank tube , the reciprocating driver means as for stapling device described ( see v 3 - 112 , v 3 - 212 , v 2 - 22 , v 3 - 23 ). a suture loop v 3 - 4 is inserted in a circumferential groove v 3 - 171 in the staple cartridge v 3 - 17 of an instrument head v 3 - 11 and is guided via side groove v 3 - 113 from the instrument head v 3 - 11 to the handle part . the suture loop v 3 - 4 may already be provided with a knot accommodated in a knot holder v 3 - 174 . one end of the hollow organ is drawn via a domed cap v 3 - 31 of a clincher insertion head v 3 - 3 so that the projecting hollow organ comes into contact near to the mandrel v 3 - 2 . subsequently the clincher insertion head is caused to approach the base v 3 - 1 of the instrument head v 3 - 11 until the required staple gap is set , the width of which is checked at the handle . stapling is then implemented in which the suture loop v 3 - 4 is attached to the end of the hollow organ by means of radially oriented staples v 3 - 18 and excision of the projection of the hollow organ done by means of a scalpel v 3 - 13 . on actuation of a plunger v 3 - 16 the staples v 3 - 18 are ejected by staple ejectors v 3 - 161 from the staple chutes v 3 - 172 of a staple cartridge v 3 - 17 and b - clinched in corresponding staple clinching grooves v 3 - 331 of a metal inlay v 3 - 33 . the circular scalpel ( annular knife ) v 3 - 13 is counterheld in a plastics ring v 3 - 34 . after the stapling action the clincher insertion head v 3 - 3 is again extended from the staple cartridge v 3 - 17 and the hollow organ drawn off with the stapled suture loop . the tissue projection remains on the instrument as a cut - out ring serving to check a correctly implemented loop application . referring now to to fig1 a to 15 f there is illustrated the embodiment of the purse string suture applicator equipped with gripper arms v 3 - 24 fixedly joined by the mandrel v 3 - 2 . the gripper arms v 3 - 24 are open in the distal position of the clincher insertion head v 3 - 2 ( see fig1 a , 15 d ) so that a free end of a hollow organ , for example a free bowel end , may be inserted in the gripper arms v 3 - 24 . when the clincher insertion head v 3 - 3 is moved towards the staple cartridge v 3 - 17 , the gripper arms v 3 - 24 close and grip by their ends v 3 - 241 the hollow organ to the groove of the mandrel v 2 - 214 . the tissue gap is then set and subsequently the stapling action and excision implemented during which the suture v 3 - 4 is attached to the end of the hollow organ by the staples v 3 - 18 and excision of the projecting tissue done with the circular scalpel v 13 - 13 . subsequently the clincher insertion head v 3 - 3 is slightly moved away from the staple cartridge v 3 - 17 so that the bowel is easy removed , the radial staple arrangement thereby proving to be no restriction to the extensibility of the bowel , the clincher insertion head v 3 - 3 can be removed by actuating the operating control button v 3 - 36 . in addition , the gripper arms v 3 - 24 are configured so that its grippers engage corresponding grooves in the scalpel holder 13 , enabling the components to be precisely aligned to each other . a so - called linear stapling device may be configured in a boom - type form either with a double row of staples and a side - cutting scalpel parallel thereto ( see fig1 a to 16 d ) or with two double rows of staples on both sides of the scalpel ( see fig1 h ), or it may be equipped optionally with a fixedly fitted or attachable purse - string suture staple as evident from , for example , fig1 e to 16 g . the connections to the operating control part configured as the “ handle part ” are configured analogously . a linear stapling device serves to undertake closures on hollow organs . referring now to fig1 a to 16 h there is illustrated a fifth embodiment ( variant v 4 ) in which a anvil v 4 - 3 is fixedly connected to the mandrel ( v 4 - 2 ) by means of the handle part during coarse and fine adjustment , the mandrel comprising at its distal end slots v 4 - 212 . this connection is non - releasable during a stapling action and can be only be separated with the clincher insertion head v 4 - 3 extended . a staple cartridge v 4 - 17 is fixedly connected to a base part v 4 - 1 ( fig1 d ) which is coupled to a shank tube ( not shown in fig1 ) of the handle part via push button fastener v 4 - 112 . an ejector v 4 - 16 is shiftingly mounted in the head unit housing v 4 - 11 and coupled to a pusher ( likewise not shown ) in the handle part . the ejector v 4 - 16 ejects by plungers v 4 - 161 the staples v 4 - 18 from the staple chutes v 4 - 172 of the staple cartridge v 4 - 17 . the staples v 4 - 18 are b - clinched in corresponding clinching grooves v 4 - 331 in a metal inlay v 4 - 33 ( fig1 f ) of the clincher insertion head v 4 - 3 whilst a linear scalpel v 4 - 13 configured optionally fixed or releasably coupled to the ejector v 4 - 16 is guided in the scalpel groove v 4 - 173 to part the hollow organ and to cut into a plastics body v 4 - 34 . referring now to fig1 e to 16 g there is illustrated a further embodiment of a linear stapler including a linear scalpel and a single - sided double staple suture with which a corrugated clamping of the bowel may be achieved by corresponding purse - string suture staples v 4 - 19 and v 4 - 38 on the other side facing away from the staple side . in this arrangement the hollow organ is located in a corrugated position in the recesses v 4 - 191 and v 4 - 381 . prior to implementing the staple stitching action a suture v 4 - 4 is guided towards the side of the clincher insertion head and back to the staple cartridge ( or vice - versa ) via two suture guide grooves v 4 - 192 and v 4 - 382 oriented parallel to the knife . in this way a purse - string suture loop may be directly placed with needle and filament through the tissue . a linear boom - type stapling device is made use of to produce a closure in a hollow organ by a two - row stapling action and the projecting tissue trimmed with a knife . referring now to fig1 a to fig1 g there is illustrated an embodiment with which a linear double row of staples v 5 - 172 may be placed on one side of the linear scalpel v 5 - 13 . furthermore , a double row of staples may also be placed on each side of the linear scalpel ( see fig1 h ). by means of the linear scalpel a closed hollow organ may be parted by a cut between the two double rows of staples thus resulting in two closed hollow organ stubs . in a further aspect ( not shown ) of a linear stapler including a linear scalpel and a double row of staples on one side a corrugated clamp of the bowel may be achieved on the other side of the linear scalpel , i . e . facing away from the staple side . before implementing the stapling stitching action a suture may be applied with the needle guided towards the clincher insertion head and back to the the staple cartridge ( or vice - versa ) via two suture guide grooves oriented parallel to the knife thus resulting in a purse - string suture stitch being directly placed through the tissue ( see fig1 e to 16 g ). an alligator - type linear stapling device consists of a fixed base part v 5 - 1 to which the staple cartridge v 5 - 17 is fixedly connected and in which ejector and scalpel holder v 5 - 16 as well as pusher v 5 - 12 are shiftingly mounted with a locating pin . the clincher insertion head v 5 - 3 with the staple clinching grooves v 5 - 331 and a plastics inlay v 5 - 34 serving as the cutting surface area for the annular knife v 5 - 15 is movably mounted in the head unit housing v 5 - 11 via a pin joint v 5 - 313 in a guide v 5 - 114 . referring now to fig1 e and 17 f there is illustrated an ejector v 5 - 16 guided via staple ejectors v - 161 in staple chutes v 5 - 172 of the staple cartridge v 5 - 17 has ramps v 5 - 163 via which it is actuated by the pusher v 5 - 12 via corresponding ramps v 5 - 126 . additionally secured to the ejector is a linear scalpel v 5 - 13 which is guided in a groove v 5 - 173 in the cartridge v 5 - 17 , whereby knife and ejector may be actuated partly decoupled from each other . referring now to fig1 c and 17 f there is illustrated how the anvilv 5 - 31 may be optionally fitted at its distal end with a latching hole v 5 - 333 engaged by a locating pin v 5 - 125 so that the clincher insertion head is not deformed during clinching of the staples v 5 - 18 and cutting , i . e . retains its desired position . the connection to a “ handle part and shank tube ” is configured the same as in the other head units . the base is fixedly connected via the push button fastener v 5 - 112 but relesably connected to the shank tube . preventing release during a stapling action is achieved by the snap - action noses of the push button fastener v 5 - 112 being locked in place by a stop to prevent accidental opening . the clincher insertion head v 5 - 31 is driven in a connecting link v 5314 from the mandrel v 5 - 21 via a toggle pin v 5 - 24 which is coupled to the inner pusher medium of the “ handle part ” via a resilient connector v 5 - 212 and is likewise locked in place to prevent accidental release during the stapling action . the ejector v 5 - 16 is actuated by the pusher with the locating pin v 5 - 12 which is connected to the outer pusher medium of the handle part . opening and closing the clincher insertion head is thus achieved by actuating a coarse and vernier adjustment on the handle part whilst locking the clincher insertion head in place and implementing stapling is controlled by a toggle handle provided on the handle part . the alligator - type linear stapler is intended for application in minimally invasive surgery since due to its small cross - section there is no problem in introducing it through a trocar . referring now to fig1 a to 18 d there is illustrated an anastomosis applicator permitting application of an anastomosis ring v 6 - 5 ( e . g . a valtrac ” ring ). the anastomosis ring v 6 - 5 is mounted in the open condition ( see v 6 - 51 in fig1 b ) on an annular gripper v 6 - 19 and locked in place by means of a clamping device v 6 - 2 . the clamping device v 6 - 2 comprises a conical section v 6 - 25 of a mandrel v 6 - 21 which expands the annular gripper and arrests the anastomosis ring v 6 - 5 relative to a ring mount v 6 - 11 of a base part v 6 - 1 . the instrument is then introduced into the hollow organ stub , for example via side incision , until the distal ring - half protrudes from the previously freely prepared end of the hollow organ provided with a purse - string suture loop . by tightening the purse - string suture in the annular gripper and knotting , the first end of the hollow organ is defined in the gap between the halves of the anastomosis ring . then , the second free end of the bowel is tightened with the purse - string suture via the distal ring - half and likewise defined on the ring by the suture loop . after this , by actuating the handle part and the resulting movement of an ejector v 6 - 16 the proximal ring - half is moved from the ejector v 6 - 16 onto the distal ring - half until the ring - halves interlock . subsequently , the mandrel v 6 - 21 is moved over a short distance distally , thus resulting in the closed anastomosis ring ( see condition v 6 - 52 as shown in fig1 d ) being released from the mandrel to enable the instrument to be removed from the hollow organ . as in the other head variants the connection to the handle part and shank tube is configured analogously to that of the circular stapler . the mandrel v 6 - 21 is connected to the head adjuster via a resilient connection in the form of a snap - action nose connection v 6 - 212 . the expanding mandrel is part of the base part v 6 - 1 to which also a funnel - clinched ring cover v 6 - 11 is joined in which the ring is circumferentially guided . the base part is connected to the shank tube via snap - action nose connection v 6 - 112 . the ejector v 6 - 16 which closes the anastomosis ring is connected to the middle pusher medium and is actuated by the toggle handle .
for connecting a variety of surgical instruments for both minimally invasive surgery and for application in open surgery a push - button fastener is provided at the proximal end of the instrument to be connected in each case at the distal end of a shank part of an operating control device . furthermore , for connecting and actuating the function elements of the instrument connected in each case a mandrel assembly is provided at the proximal end of the instrument , the mandrel assembly being in turn mounted on and latched to a receiving part at the distal end of an adjuster mechanism actuatable by the operating control means . preferably , the mandrel assembly is tubular pin body slotted at its proximal end , having splined portions which is mounted on and latched to a contact pin guided and positioned in the shank part .