fig3 shows exemplarily one possible embodiment of a base body for use in the method according to the disclosure . the rod - shaped base body , which , for example , consists of a chromium - cobalt alloy , according to the disclosure is used to produce a tooth replacement part by means of turning . a typical length of the rod - shaped base body is up to 2 m . thereby , the method functions according to the embodiment illustrated in fig4 as follows : the base body 300 is anchored by means of , for example , a clamping device 410 on the rotary plate 400 . the rotary plate can be powered by a motor . the rotation speed should be matched with the ideal cutting speed . by way of example and schematically , the grinding chisel 420 and 430 are shown in the embodiment of fig4 . according to another embodiment only one grinding chisel is used , which is optionally positionally and directionally adjustable . the representation of fig4 can be regarded as a representation of two differently oriented grinding chisels , or merely as representation of one grinding chisel at two different points in time . according to the embodiments described herein , the method may comprise face turning . this is also indicated in fig4 with the grinding chisel 420 . during face turning the grinding chisel is oriented in the axial direction of the base body , whereby the direction of movement of the grinding chisel (“ feed direction ”) takes place in the radial direction with respect to the axis of the base body . this is indicated by the drawn arrow above the rotary chisel 420 . the method may also comprise straight - turning . this is also indicated in fig4 with the rotary chisel 430 . during straight - turning , the grinding chisel is oriented transversely to the axial direction of the base body , that is , in its radial direction , whereby the feed direction occurs in axial direction with respect to the axis of the base body . this is also indicated by an arrow next to the grinding chisel 430 . especially , in the repeated production of similar morphologies , it is also conceivable that the same profile turning is used . during profile turning a texture is already reproduced in the grinding body , such that not only one contact point between the grinding chisel and the tooth replacement part to be produced exists at one time but possibly a surface of a few mm that it glides over . this also reduces the required production time for a tooth replacement part . moreover , the embodiment of fig4 also shows a grinding disc 440 . in the case at hand , the axis of the grinding disc is shown perpendicular to the axis of the base body . according to embodiments , the axis of the grinding disc is positioned coaxially to the axis of the base body . fig5 illustrates further embodiments . in addition to the rotary chisel 420 , used for rotary grinding , the arrangement shown also comprises a milling head 500 , which is used for milling . as previously described , according to embodiments described herein , a milling process takes place . additionally , the grinding disc 440 is shown for grinding with coaxial alignment to the base body . typically , the milling process occurs after the grinding process , which in its turn often takes place after the rotary grinding process . typically , the process to which this disclosure relates takes place partially or fully automatically . the following described steps , with reference to fig6 - 8 , may be undertaken by a supervisor such as a dental technician or they are taken over as software steps by a computer . according to embodiments all tooth replacement parts to be produced are initially divided into virtual groups , whereby for their production all members of a group need a similar maximum rod diameter . thus , for example , there may be the group of small tooth replacement parts , which may be produced with a rod diameter of ca . 8 mm , the group of medium - sized tooth replacement parts that may be produced with a rod diameter of ca . 9 . 5 mm , and the group of large tooth replacement parts , those that may be produced with a rod diameter of ca . 12 mm . typical numbers of different groups are 2 , 3 , 4 , or even 5 . this also significantly depends on the number of tooth replacement parts to be produced within a specified time . the purpose of this division is to reduce the amount of material to be removed as much as possible . with exemplary reference to fig6 , the tooth replacement part to be produced , which is designated with 600 in the figures , is placed virtually in the base body . thereby , according to embodiments that may be combined with other embodiments described herein , the tooth replacement part to be produced is placed into the base body in such a way that the required material input is minimized . in addition , the optimization can be in such a way that as much of the material to be removed as possible is removed with rotary grinding . in cases where there is an additional milling process , the optimization may also be such that as little of the material to be removed is removed with milling . another possible optimization in the method to which this disclosure relates to concerns maximizing the number of tooth replacement parts to be produced from one base body . for example , the tooth replacement parts to be produced are placed into the base body in such a way that the height taken up by each is minimized . in one embodiment of the method , based on the uploaded data , the tooth replacement part to be produced is placed virtually into the base body . this is set out in a three - dimensional view in fig6 . fig7 shows the matching cross section . it is apparent that the tooth replacement part to be produced 600 is positioned into the base body 300 in such a way that the distance 700 and 710 to the edge remains . in a purely two - dimensional optimization , optimizing the amount of material to be removed with turning so that the distances 700 and 710 are of equal size would be favorable , since the smallest distance to the edge decides up to which diameter d the tooth replacement part may be milled by rotary grinding . according to an embodiment of the present disclosure , a three - dimensional optimization is performed . the base body , for example , is ground to different extents to different axial heights . this is illustrated in fig8 , which represents a longitudinal section through the base body along with the virtually fitted tooth replacement part . the schematically illustrated tooth replacement part 600 shall have a larger expansion in the upper area than in the lower down lying area ( whereby the term “ up ” and “ down ” as well as the following terms “ left ” and “ right ” are merely facilitating reference to the figure ). by turning , especially , face turning or straight turning , a different diameter of the base body may be removed for different axial heights . thus , fig8 shows in the upper area a distance 850 to the left edge and a distance 800 to the right edge . due to the overall optimization , it may be that the distance 800 does not equal the distance 850 . at this height , rotary grinding may only occur up to the smaller distance of the distances 800 and 850 . in the embodiment of the tooth replacement part shown in fig8 , it is apparent that the turning in lower downlying heights shall not only extend to the smaller distances of 800 and 850 but based on the desired shape a larger material erosion by the quicker and material - friendly rotary grinding should take place . thus , rotary grinding occurs in the illustrated mid - height up to the smaller distance of the distances 810 and 860 , and shown in the lower height , rotary grinding occurs up to the smaller distance of the distances 820 and 870 . generally speaking , this means that the base body according to height , in respective embodiments is milled by rotary grinding up to different diameters . typically , this is followed by another grinding step , and according to embodiments further material erosions are made by milling . fig9 illustrates the removal of material by different methods . the tooth replacement part 600 is to be produced with the shown cross - section . the material is removed from the base body 300 up to the circle 890 , marked with the dashed lines , by means of rotary grinding . thereby an extensive amount of material is removed in a time efficient manner . the further , large amount of material removed that can not be done using rotational symmetry any longer , now occurs by grinding up to the marked lines 891 on the one side and 892 on the other side . this , for example , can be done by grinding of the stationary base body . it is also possible that at least a part of the material removed through grinding occurs on a rotating base body . for example , an oval shape may be produced by specifically varying the contact pressure of the grinding disc during the slow rotation ( hence , e . g ., with less than 500 rotations per minute ) of the base body . in the embodiment shown in fig9 the remainder is removed by means of milling . in other embodiments , possibly other portions may be removed by grinding , for example , a large part of the area designated with 892 . finer contours , especially , chamfers and depressions can , however , regularly only be produced with milling . fig1 illustrates a typical procedure according to an embodiment of the method to which this disclosure relates . thereby , this simply represents one example and shall not be construed as limiting . some of the individual steps shown may be omitted or be solved alternatively . the exemplified method 900 begins with receiving the data in block 910 . these usually comprise at least one file , like for example an stl - file , normally multiple files on tooth replacement parts to be produced . according to the received data the tooth replacement parts to be produced are optionally grouped into virtual groups in block 920 . as already set out , various groups may be formed that require base bodies of different size to produce them with base rods with diameters of varying size . typical diameters are around 8 mm , often up to 12 . 5 mm . for example , a first group of tooth replacement parts to be produced with a maximum diameter of 8 mm may be formed , a second group with tooth replacement parts to be produced with a maximum diameter of 9 . 5 mm may be formed and a third group with tooth replacement parts to be produced with a diameter of 12 mm may be formed . the optional step of grouping allows for further material optimization . as next block 930 , the tooth replacement parts to be produced are virtually embedded in the chosen base body . this embedding can be done manually or by a computer . normally , the aforementioned optimization conditions are complied with . according to the virtual embedding , the tooth replacement part is , finally , produced . according to block 940 , in a first step rotational symmetric material erosion is preformed by turning . this can occur for each axial height of the base body up to its own diameter . the standard of this step is to regularly achieve greatest possible material erosion by turning . according to block 950 the grinding of the base body follows in an additional step . thereby , the goal is to undertake a large portion of the non - rotationally symmetrical material erosion . in block 960 , follows the milling of further chippings . the milling can take place manually or under computer control . the milling allows precise local structuring . basically , for an identical tooth replacement part turning , grinding and milling may alternate or the individual steps may repeat . furthermore , it is also conceivable to undertake grinding and milling on the form body in parallel . after completion , to the greatest possible extent of the desired structure of the tooth replacement part , it is detached from the base body . this can occur by cut - off turning or by milling and is shown in fig9 by block 960 . it is possible that an additional clamp unit ( not shown ) grabs the tooth replacement part during cutting - off . the clamp unit that may either be manually or computer controlled , may also be used to directly transport the tooth replacement part to where it is either stored or finally needed for the further processing . the steps are repeated depending on yet further tooth replacement parts to be produced . for example , the virtual embedding of the next tooth replacement part to be produced may be continued directly with block 930 . after producing a tooth replacement part , the base body , typically , is not required to be replaced but may be used for the production of a few , normally , at least 10 tooth replacement parts . fig1 finally shows an embodiment , whereby , for illustration a computer 1000 is shown . regularly , the computer serves to control the rotary cutting installation , the rotary chisel 430 shown schematically in fig1 , and the grinding installation , the schematically shown grinding disc 440 in fig1 . in addition , the computer may also serve to control the milling installation , the milling tool 500 shown in fig1 . according to embodiments the computer may also serve the rotary plate shown schematically as 400 in fig1 . the computer is typically connected to the internet . the present method and the set out apparatus are designed for the production of tooth replacement parts . thereby the material removing devices ( rotary chisel , grinding cutter , milling device ) must be capable of dealing with materials of the highest hardness ( brinell hardness of up to 400 kg / mm 2 or according to din en iso 6506 - 1 status : 03 / 2006 : 400 hbw 10 / 3000 ), especially with chromium - cobalt - alloys . equally elemental is the suitability of the material removing devices to be capable of producing structures with a precision of 5 μm or even 3 μm . this written description uses examples to disclose the invention , including the best mode , and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention , including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods . while various specific embodiments have been disclosed in the foregoing , those skilled in the art will recognize that the spirit and scope of the claims allows for equally effective modifications . especially , mutually non - exclusive features of the embodiments described above may be combined with each other . the patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims , and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art . such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims , or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims . while the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention , other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof , and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow .
the disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for the extraoral production of a tooth replacement part , whereby the method comprises providing a base body ; rotary grinding of the base body ; and grinding of the base body . further , a milling step is possible . the presented method significantly reduces the production times , because it minimizes the time required for milling .