the protective hypodermic needle shield of the present invention is shown generally at 10 in fig1 . the shield 10 is mounted upon the base 19 of needle 18 on a standard hypodermic syringe 12 ( see fig3 ). the syringe 12 includes a barrel 14 which receives a plunger 16 at one end and has a hypodermic needle 18 attached at the opposite end . it is to be understood that syringe as used in this application , refers broadly to the barrel , needle and base of needle , and any hub or end portion of the barrel . the disclosed hypodermic syringe includes a coupling 20 that couples the base 19 of needle 18 to the barrel 14 . the coupling 20 allows the needle 18 to be removed from barrel 14 . it should be understood that the needle 18 could be integrally formed to the barrel 14 without affecting the application of the present invention . it is also within the scope of this invention that the protective shield 10 can be mounted to the end of the syringe 12 adjacent to the needle 18 or mounted to the barrel 14 of the syringe 12 . with reference to fig2 the shield 10 of the present invention is shown in greater detail . the shield 10 has a connector body 22 which slide on the base 19 of the needle 18 . the shield is generally installed on the needle at the time of assembly . with reference to fig3 luer - lok tabs 23 are illustrated for example as a known method of attaching the needle 18 to barrel 14 . tabs 23 molded are into base 19 of needle 18 onto which the connector body 22 slides . the vertical projections normally found on the base 19 of the needle are not illustrated , but those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that these projections are received within grooves to receive the projections to prevent slipping . syringes with a slip - tip would not require the grooves . as should be appreciated , other methods of preventing the sheath of the present invention from slipping will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art and are considered to be within the scope of this invention . as illustrated in fig2 the protective arms 24 and 26 each have a semicircular cross - section . the arms 24 and 26 are illustrated in the closed position wherein the arms mate to form a circular cross - section with a closed end 30 to envelope the needle 18 . the closed position is the normal position for the arms 24 and 26 so that the needle 18 normally remains enveloped preventing inadvertent puncture by the needle 18 . the sheath is generally tubular in shape and has a slight taper from its top 34 to end portion 30 . the inner diameter 36 of connector body 22 is made to fit the outer diameter of the base 19 of needle 18 , or the end portion 21 of the barrel 14 if there is no coupling 20 or the barrel 14 if it is desired to mount shield 10 to the barrel 14 . this permits the connector body 22 to be slip fit onto syringe 12 . as disclosed , the arm 24 terminates in an end face 28 . the arm 26 terminates in an inwardly turned end portion 30 that abuts against the inner wall 32 of arm 24 to cover the terminal end of the needle 18 . in this way , the needle is fully enclosed . as stated above , the arms 24 and 26 are normally in the closed position as illustrated by the solid lines in fig2 . to expose the needle 18 , the arms 24 and 26 must be pivoted with respect to the syringe 12 . the pivoting action is shown by the phantom lines in fig1 and 2 . in order for the arms 24 and 26 to pivot , the sheath has a reduced outer diameter at 40 . in the embodiment illustrated in fig1 and 2 , the reduced diameter is defined by intersecting angled walls 42 and 44 which intersect at the top 46 of the arms 24 and 26 . the reduced diameter 40 defines flexible hinges 48 between the arms 24 and 26 and the connector 22 which bias arms 24 and 26 to their closed position to conceal the needle 18 . protruding outwardly from the arms 24 and 26 are finger grips 50 and 52 . in the preferred embodiment of the invention , the finger grips 50 and 52 are integrally formed with the remainder of the shield 10 . as illustrated in fig1 and 2 , the top of the finger grips define the angled wall 44 of reduced portion 40 . with reference to fig3 the fully open position of sheath 10 is illustrated . the arms 24 and 26 are generally perpendicular to the syringe 12 fully exposing the needle 18 . in this position the fingers 50 and 52 are pressed by the user against the connector body 22 . it should be understood that the hinges 48 are biasing the arms 24 and 26 to the normally closed position as shown in fig1 and 2 . the user is responsible for holding the arms 24 and 26 in the illustrated position to expose the needle 18 . if the user releases the fingers 50 and 52 the arms 24 and 26 will automatically be forced back to the closed position concealing the needle 18 . to facilitate the users ability to hold the arms 24 and 26 , finger grips 50 and 52 are slightly concave to conform to the user &# 39 ; s finger and thumb . knurling can also be used to facilitate gripping . with reference to fig4 a further embodiment of the shield 10 of the present invention is shown generally at 54 . this embodiment is generally the same as the previous embodiment , except that it has a square cross - section , see fig4 a as opposed to a circular cross - section , see fig2 a . it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the cross - section could have other geometric shapes , for example it could have a triangular cross - section with the arm 24 being generally flat in cross - section and the arm 26 having a triangular cross - section . with reference to fig5 another embodiment of the shield of the present invention is shown generally at 56 . as before , the shield 56 has a connector body 22 for a slip fit connection to the base 19 of needle 18 . in this embodiment , instead of two arms 24 and 26 , there is a single arm 58 which is hinged at 60 to connector body 22 . one side of arm 58 has an opening wide enough to let the needle 18 pass through during movement . a single finger 62 is used to pivot the arm 58 from the normally closed position , in which the needle 18 is covered , to the fully exposed position , in which the needle is fully exposed . the arm 58 is generally perpendicular to the needle 18 in the fully exposed position . as before , the hinge 60 resists efforts to pivot the arm 58 from the normally closed position , i . e . generally parallel to the needle 18 , to the fully exposed position , i . e . generally perpendicular to needle 18 . as can be appreciated , the arm 58 will automatically return to the closed position . in this embodiment the top 64 of arm 58 extends across the base 66 of connector 22 . in the previous embodiment , the tops 46 of each arm 24 and 26 extended only about one - half the distance across the base of the connector 22 . additionally , in this embodiment the end 68 extends at a generally right angle with respect to the arm 58 to cover the end of needle 18 when the arm is in the closed position . with reference to fig6 a preferred mold and method of making the sheath 10 of the present invention will be described . the mold is shown generally at 70 . the mold has two halves , a top half 72 and a bottom half 74 that can be separated along a longitudinally extending part line 73 . the mold halves 72 and 74 form cavities which define the exterior of the sheath 10 . the cavity 76 , formed by the two molds 72 and 74 , has a first inside diameter 78 that tapers slightly to an inwardly angled portion 80 that corresponds to wall 42 . the inwardly angled portion 80 ends at an apex 84 which begins the outwardly angled portion 82 that corresponds to the wall 44 . the angled portion 82 extends to a generally perpendicular cavity 86 relative to the center line that defines the fingers 50 and 52 . the perpendicular cavity 86 is formed on both the top half 72 and bottom half 74 of the mold 70 . extending into the top half 72 and the bottom half 74 is a tapered cavity 88 that defines the outer surface of the arms 24 and 26 . a core insert 90 is adapted to be inserted into the cavities 72 and 74 . core insert 90 defines the interior of the sheath 10 . the insert 90 is slightly tapered along its length . to define the two arms 24 and 26 , longitudinal blades 92 are inserted project in from the molds 72 and 74 on opposed sides of the insert 90 . the blades 92 extend in to the insert 90 , which has shallow grooves to accept them . as should be appreciated , the blades will form a line of separation on both sides of the arms 24 and 26 when they are molded . a second pair of smaller blades 94 are inserted or projected in from the molds 72 and 74 , which are generally perpendicular to the blades 92 . it should be appreciated that the blades 94 will have an interior shape that is the same as the exterior shape of core insert 90 . the blades 94 define the tops 46 of the arms 24 and 26 . in the preferred embodiment , blades 94 are inserted in grooves cut in the top half 72 and bottom half 74 . also , blades 92 are inserted in grooves cut in the top half 72 and bottom half 74 . the blades 92 abut blades 94 when closed . shallow grooves are cut in insert 90 to accept the blades 92 and 94 when closed . with insert 90 in place to mold sheath 10 , the top 72 and bottom 74 of the mold 70 are connected together by means well known to those of ordinary skill in the art . an engineered material is then injected into the cavity to form sheath 10 . once the material has obtained the shape of the cavity and sets , molds 72 and 74 are separated to enable the sheath 10 to be removed . it should be appreciated that the material to be used for the sheath 10 will require the necessary physical and mechanical properties such that the needle will automatically be protected by arms 24 and 26 after release of fingers 50 and 52 which control exposure of needle 18 . it is believed that a plastic such as polypropylene will be acceptable , but it is believed that other spring type material would be acceptable . it should be understood that the other embodiments could be molded in a similar mold with slight variations to the mold . the mold of the preferred embodiment permits sheaths to be quickly and inexpensively molded . with reference to fig1 , a further embodiment of the present invention is illustrated at 120 . sheath 120 includes a connector body 122 for connecting the sheath 120 to a syringe 12 . it should be understood that connector body 122 can be dimensioned to connect the sheath 120 to the end 111 of the syringe 12 as illustrated or to the body 14 , or to the needle 18 , or to the coupling 20 as shown in fig1 . it should be further appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the inside diameter and , if desired , the outside diameter of the connector body 122 would be appropriately dimensioned to facilitate mounting of the connector body 122 to the desired location . extending from the connector body 122 are protective arms 124 and 126 , which include a pair of end faces 128 . as previously described , the end faces 128 conceal the end of needle 18 to prevent inadvertent punctures . as in the previous embodiment , fingers 150 and 152 are provided to permit manipulation of the protective arms 124 and 126 from the closed position shown in fig1 to the open position shown in fig1 . in fig1 , a user &# 39 ; s fingers are shown pressing against fingers 150 and 152 , holding the protective arms 124 and 126 in the open position . in the disclosed embodiment , the arms 124 and 126 are integrally formed with connector body 122 , with a resilient hinge or stress member 148 joining them . the hinge 148 is sufficiently resilient to force against the protective arms 124 and 126 to spring them from the open position shown in fig1 to the normally closed position shown in fig1 . with reference to fig1 a and fig1 , the sheath 120 is illustrated as two nearly identical halves shown generally at 154 and 156 which can be folded about a resilient portion 158 to form the sheath 120 as illustrated in fig1 . the resilient portion 158 is illustrated extending the length of the connector body 120 ( see fig1 ). it should be appreciated that portion 158 could be much shorter and still connect the halves 154 and 156 . it is within the scope of the invention to not even provide portion 158 altogether . if excluded , the two halves would then need to be joined along the four free edges as opposed to the two free edges 160 and 162 . although the applicant does not believe it would be as desirable , it would still function properly . the free edges 160 and 162 of the connector body 120 , as illustrated in fig1 a and 13 , include a locking means for locking the two halves 154 and 152 together . in the disclosed embodiment , the locking means is a male protrusion 164 and a female opening 166 . the female opening 166 has a reduced diameter opening such that the male protrusion 164 can be snapped into it and retained . in the disclosed embodiment , the male protrusion 164 extends the length of the free edge 160 , and the female opening 166 extends the length of free edge 162 . it should be appreciated that the length of the locking means could be much less , or in the alternative , more than one male protrusion 164 and female opening 166 could be used . in use , the two halves 154 and 156 can be folded over portion 158 , and the male protrusion 164 snapped into female opening 166 to lock the two halves together . once the two halves are snapped together , the connector body 122 is formed and can be slipped over the syringe 12 . additional locking means could be used . for example , the locking means could be an adhesive to adhere the free edges 160 and 162 together . another method to lock the connector body 122 together would be to use a shrink wrap material to shrink about the connector body 122 and lock the free edges 160 and 162 together . with reference to fig1 , a further embodiment of the sheath of the present invention is illustrated generally at 170 . as in the previous embodiment , the sheath 170 is formed in two halves . in the illustrated embodiment , the sheath 170 has a single protective arm 172 and a single finger 174 . the protective arm 172 is interconnected to the connector body 122 by a resilient hinge or stress member 175 . as can be seen in fig1 , the single protective arm 172 can be rotated to expose the needle 18 by grasping the syringe , preferably at the connector body 122 and the finger 174 and thereafter squeeze the finger 174 against the connector body 122 . the movement of the protective arm 172 is illustrated in fig1 and 18 . the sheath 170 is illustrated with four sides -- 176 , 178 , 180 , 182 , and a bottom 183 . the side 176 has a slot 185 for ingress and egress of the needle 18 . as should be appreciated , the slot 185 is slightly wider than the maximum diameter of needle 18 to allow free movement of the sheath 170 about needle 18 . this configuration of sheath 170 completely encompasses the needle in the normally closed position to prevent inadvertent punctures . as in all the previous embodiments , the protective arm 172 is normally in the position shown in solid lines in fig1 and must be biased against stress member 175 to the position illustrated in phantom lines in fig1 . stress member 175 will normally bias and force protective arm 172 back to the normal closed position . to provide additional protection , the protective arm 172 includes an entrapment door 184 to resist movement of the protective arm 170 from the closed position to the open position . the entrapment door 184 is illustrated with two doors 186 and 188 . the doors are approximately . 015 inches in thickness and are secured to the side 176 by resilient hinges or stress points 190 and 192 . as illustrated in fig1 , the doors 186 and 188 are normally biased inwardly and in the preferred embodiment , at about 10 degrees to the side 176 . the resilient hinges or stress points 190 and 192 allow the doors 186 and 188 to open as a result of the force of the needle 18 acting on the doors 186 and 188 as protective arm 172 is urged to the open position . the inward angle of the doors results in the need for very little force to open the doors 186 and 188 inwardly , to allow the protective arm to conceal needle 18 , but results in the need for much greater force to expose the needle 18 . in this way , the protective arm 172 is urged by little relative force to the normal closed position , and the doors 186 and 188 do not interfere with the protective arm 172 returning to the normally closed position about needle 18 . however , the force required to open the doors , due to the bias , is a greater relative force to present inadvertent exposure of the needle 18 . as can be seen in fig1 and 15 , the sheath 170 is formed in two halves which are joined along line 194 . in the preferred embodiment , the connector body 122 is joined along line 194 , and the protective arm is joined along line 194 by a stress point or living hinge . in this way , the two halves can be folded along line 194 , and the free edges 199 connected to form the protective sheath 170 , as illustrated in fig1 . the free edges can be attached in the same manner as the free edges of protective sheath 120 . it should be appreciated that in this embodiment , the free edges 199 could be joined either along the connector body 122 , the protective sheath 172 , or both . with reference to fig1 , a further embodiment of a resilient hinge 200 is illustrated . it is within the intended scope of the present invention that the hinge 200 could be used in any one of the various embodiments of the present invention . the hinge 200 includes a plurality of ridges and grooves that facilitate the ability to move the protective arms 202 and 204 from the normal closed position to the open position . additionally , the hinge 200 facilitates the rapid return or snapping back of the protective arms 202 and 204 . the ridges and grooves allow for a thicker area to increase the snap back at the hinge 200 without increasing the resistance to movement of the protective arms 202 and 204 to the open position . with reference to fig2 through 22 , a further method for locking the protective arm in the closed position is illustrated . in this embodiment , an articulated locking bar 220 is illustrated . in the preferred embodiment , the articulated locking bar 220 is integrally joined at 222 to the connector body 122 . the bar 220 is illustrated having an opening 224 , which is interference fit to a tab on the finger 226 . it should be appreciated that bar 220 could be integrally joined to finger 226 instead of being interference fit . the bar 220 includes a hinge 228 , allowing the bar to articulate . in the preferred embodiment , the hinge 228 is formed by forming a slot wedge - shaped recess in the bar 220 . as can be seen in fig2 , the bar can be folded against the connector body 122 as the finger 226 is urged against connector body 122 . this is illustrated by the phantom lines . in the normal position , the bar 220 is fully extended as illustrated by the solid lines . in operation , the user presses inwardly against the hinge 228 to bend the bar 220 inwardly , while simultaneously pressing finger 226 in the direction of connector body 122 . in the alternative , the bar 220 could be connected to finger grip 226 so that movement of finger 226 toward connector body 122 will automatically bend bar 220 at hinge 228 so that hinge 228 does not have to be pressed . as shown in phantom lines in fig2 , the bar 220 folds in half against the connector body 122 . as long as the finger 226 is held by the user against the living resilient hinge 230 , the needle remains exposed . upon releasing pressure on finger 226 , the living resilient hinge 230 will cause the protective arm 232 to snap back to its normally closed position , concealing the needle 18 . in addition , the bar 220 is preloaded due to its being folded against living resilient hinge 228 and will provide additional force to the protective arm 232 to force it back to the bar &# 39 ; s normal closed position . when fully extended , as shown in fig2 , the locking bar 220 acts as a lock to lock the protective arm 232 in its normally closed position . with reference to fig2 , a pocket 234 is provided on the protective arm 232 . as those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate , the pocket could be used on any of the foregoing embodiments and , in particular , on the single arm sheaths . in the preferred embodiment , the pocket 234 has a back wall 236 and side walls 238 . the back 236 and walls 238 are inclined outwardly from about midway on the side 240 of the protective arm 232 to about the end 242 of the protective arm 232 . the pocket 234 receives the needle 18 , allowing the protective arm 232 to be inclined at approximately 5 degrees with respect to the longitudinal center line of the needle 18 . depending on the depth and inclination of the pocket 234 , various inclinations of the protective arm 232 can be obtained . one advantage of the pocket 234 is the additional concealment of the needle 18 . an additional advantage is the ability to preload the resilient hinge 230 to the normally closed position . the preloading of the hinge 230 results in a thinner hinge 230 . with a thinner hinge 230 , the force required to expose the needle 18 is reduced , thereby enhancing the tactiles of the protective sheath . however , even with a thinner hinge 230 , the snap back of the protective arm 232 is not adversely affected due to the preload of hinge 230 . the optimal thickness of the preloaded hinge 230 would be determined by tests comparing various pocket inclinations to various hinge thicknesses and their relative snap - back force and tactiles . in fig2 , a modified coupling 243 is illustrated . the coupling 243 is illustrated with a pair of tabs or hooks 244 that snap together to couple the two halves of the protective arm together . with reference once again to fig2 through 22 , the sheath is illustrated with a modified connector body 122 . the connector body 122 of this embodiment is semi - circular in cross - section as illustrated in fig2 . the connector body 122 is intended to be snap fit onto the syringe in the same manner as the connector body in each of the previous embodiments . by only using one - half of the connector body , the connector body of this embodiment reduces material costs and , in turn , reduces the cost of the sheath . although it is intended that this connector body 122 can be snap fit onto the syringe , it may be necessary to add an adhesive between the connector body and the syringe to ensure that the connector body remains secured to the syringe during its movement between the opened and closed positions . referring now to fig2 to 28 , a further embodiment of the sheath of the present invention is illustrated generally at 250 . the sheath 250 is connected to a syringe 12 and includes a protective arm 252 , a connector body 122 , and a control finger 254 . in fig2 , the sheath 250 is shown in bold lines in its normally closed position and in phantom lines in its open position . with reference to fig2 , the slot 256 is shown at an angle to the longitudinal centerline of the needle 18 , which is shown partially in phantom . in this embodiment , the angle of the slot 256 protects against inadvertent exposure of the needle 18 . to expose the needle 18 , the sheath 252 must be twisted with respect to the longitudinal center line of needle 18 , as well as being rotated about an axis generally perpendicular to the longitudinal center line of the needle 18 . this twisting and rotating action will result in the slot 256 being aligned with the needle 18 and allow the needle 18 to pass through the slot . there is an additional advantage to the protective arm 252 having an angled slot 256 . due to the twisting and rotating action , the resilient hinge 258 is twisted , as well as being bent back , which provides greater biasing action to snap the protective arm 252 back to the normally closed position . since the hinge 258 is resilient , it has a memory and snaps the protective arm back along the same path of travel that the protective arm 252 traveled from the normally closed position to the open position . in this way , the needle 18 can easily pass back through the slot 256 when the pressure on protective arm 252 is released . to obtain the necessary twisting and rotating action , the disclosed embodiment shows the finger 254 angled with respect to a line generally perpendicular to the longitudinal center line of the needle 18 . see fig2 . due to the angle , as the finger is pulled back against the connector body 122 , the protective arm 252 will be twisted and rotated . the degree of the angle will be determined by the angle of the slot with respect to the longitudinal center line of the needle 18 . in addition to the finger 254 being angled , the twisting action is also facilitated by the width and position of the resilient hinge 258 and the thickness of the hinge 258 . the width and position can be selected such that the hinge is offset with respect to the longitudinal center line of the needle 18 . as should be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art , with the hinge 258 being off center , the movement of the protective arm 252 will be forced into a twisting action . the location and width would be determined by trial and error depending upon the material and its thickness , as well as the angle of slot 256 . although not preferred , the twisting action could also be obtained by varying the thickness of the hinge 258 . although the present invention has been described in detail with reference only to the presently preferred embodiments , it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the an that various modifications can be made without departing from the invention . accordingly , the invention is to be limited only by the following claims .
a shield for protecting the needle of a syringe . the shield has a connector for connecting the shield to the syringe with the connector preferably being generally annular and adapted to slip fit over the base of the needle , unless the syringe is formed with a needle , then the connector body would fit over the end of the syringe . the shield includes at least one protective arm hingedly mounted upon the connector and pivotable between first and second positions . the first position is the normal position wherein the protective arm conceals the needle and the second position corresponds to the protective arm being pivotally displaced to expose the needle . the arm is automatically biased to the first position so that the needle is normally and automatically concealed .