while this invention is satisfied by embodiments in many different forms , there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail , the preferred embodiments of the invention , with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as exemplary of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments illustrated . various other modifications will be apparent to and readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention . the scope of the invention will be measured by the appended claims and their equivalents . referring to the drawings in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout the several views thereof , fig1 and 2 illustrate a needle assembly with the safety shield assembly of the present invention and the related packaging features . the needle assembly includes a needle 40 , a hub 60 , packaging features to cover the needle and a label . the safety shield assembly includes a collar 90 and a shield 140 . as shown in fig2 and 5 , needle 40 includes a non - patient end 42 , an intravenous end 44 and a passageway 46 extending between the non - patient end and the intravenous end . an elastomeric sleeve 48 covers the non - patient end . a first rigid sleeve 50 covers the intravenous end and a second rigid sleeve 52 covers the non - patient end and the elastomeric sleeve . as shown in fig1 , a label 196 may also be applied to the finally assembled parts . as shown in fig2 and 5 , hub 60 includes a threaded end 64 , a ribbed end 66 and passageway 62 extending between the threaded end and the ribbed end . threaded end 64 and ribbed end 66 are separated by flange 68 . non - patient end 42 of needle 40 extends from threaded end 64 and intravenous end 44 of needle 40 extends from ribbed end 66 . preferably , threaded end 64 comprises male threads 80 for mounting the hub on a conventional needle holder and ribbed end 66 comprises male ribs 82 for connecting the hub and collar 90 . as shown in fig2 and 4 , collar 90 includes a forward skirt 92 and a rearward skirt 94 . forward skirt 92 is cylindrical and comprises an inner circumferential surface 96 and an outer circumferential surface 98 . forward shirt 92 mates with rearward skirt 94 at a shoulder 100 . rearward skirt 94 is cylindrical and comprises an inner circumferential surface 102 and an outer circumferential surface 104 and extends from shoulder 100 opposite of forward skirt 92 . the inner diameter of forward skirt 92 is larger than the inner diameter of rearward skirt 94 . alternatively , the inner diameters for collar 90 can be equal . a hook 114 extends from outer circumferential surface 98 of forward skirt 92 . additionally , detents or protrusions 118 project outwardly from outer circumferential surface 98 of forward skirt 92 at a side opposite hook 114 . protrusions 118 may define a substantially chevron - shape with well defined edges 119 facing toward rearward skirt 94 . as shown in fig2 and 6 , shield 140 comprises a rearward end 144 and a forward end 146 . forward end 146 of shield 140 includes a slot or longitudinal opening 160 formed by sidewalls 162 that extend downwardly from top wall 163 and run substantially opposite of one another in parallel along the length of slot 160 towards forward end wall 164 . slot 160 is slightly wider than needle 40 . sidewalls 162 include bottom edges 165 that extend substantially parallel to one another and parallel to top wall 163 . a cannula finger lock 167 is located at one of sidewalls 162 and is configured to secure the used needle . cannula finger lock 167 extends from a location on a first of the sidewalls 162 adjacent the bottom edge 165 thereof and projects angularly toward the opposed sidewall 162 and toward the top wall 163 . the projection of the cannula finger lock 167 from the respective sidewall 162 preferably exceeds half the distance between the respective sidewalls . cannula first lock 167 is deflectable by the needle when the needle enters slot 160 . once the needle passes the end of cannula finger lock 167 , the cannula finger lock moves back to its original position so that the needle is permanently trapped in slot 160 by cannula finger lock 167 . rearward end 144 of shield 140 defines a collar engaging area 166 that is a continuation of slot 160 . collar engaging area 166 includes a rearward end 168 , a forward end 170 , a top finger guide area 172 , sidewalls 174 that extend downwardly from top finger guide area 172 , an underside area 176 dimensioned for surrounding collar 90 , and extending arms 180 to support hold hanger bar 182 . sidewalls 174 are spaced apart by a major width adjacent rearward end 168 . the major width is selected to enable sidewalls 174 to slide across diametrically opposite side surfaces of forward skirt 92 of collar 90 . sidewalls 174 converge , however , toward forward end 170 to define a minor distance therebetween substantially equal to the distance between sidewalls 162 at forward end 146 of shield 140 . sidewalls 174 include bottom edges 177 that face away from top finger guide area 172 . as shown most clearly in fig6 , bottom edges 177 curve toward top finger guide area 172 at locations between rearward end 168 and forward end 170 of collar engaging area 166 . shield 140 further includes a cannula shelf lock 220 . cannula shelf lock 220 is a substantially planar and substantially rigid panel that projects orthogonally from one side wall 174 at a location at or near the interface of forward sidewalls 162 and rearward sidewalls 174 . cannula shelf lock 220 includes a bottom edge extending substantially from bottom edge 177 of sidewall 174 angularly toward top wall 163 and / or top finger guide area 172 . cannula shelf lock 220 further includes a top edge 224 aligned substantially parallel to the axis about which shield 140 rotates . top edge 224 includes a cylindrically generated concavity 226 generated about an axis extending parallel to top wall 163 and dimensioned to accommodate needle 44 . slanted bottom edge 222 and top edge 224 meet at a corner 228 that is spaced from the opposed sidewall of shield 140 by a distance that exceeds the outside diameter of needle 44 . the extreme rear ends of sidewalls 174 on collar engaging area 166 include rounded ears 194 that project toward one another from opposed inner surfaces 175 of sidewalls 174 . rounded ears 194 are disposed to engage detents 118 on collar 90 . more particularly , each rounded ear 194 includes a distal surface 195 , a proximal surface 197 and a curved surface 198 extending between distal and proximal surfaces 195 and 197 . distal surface 194 is aligned to sidewall 174 at a rake angle of approximately 60 ° and proximal surface 197 is aligned to sidewall 174 at an angle of approximately 45 °. curved surface 198 extends smoothly and convexly between distal and proximal surfaces 195 and 197 . proximal surfaces 197 of rounded ears 194 will engage detents 118 to deflect sidewalls 174 slightly away from one another as shield 140 approaches the second position . this deflection of sidewalls 174 will occur substantially simultaneously with the deflection of cannula finger lock 167 and with the deflection of needle 44 in response to engagement with cannula shelf lock 220 . the apex of curved surface 198 on each rounded ear 194 passes the respective detent 118 on collar 90 slightly before cannula finger lock 167 and cannula shelf lock 220 pass the needle cannula . as a result , sidewalls 174 begin to return resiliently toward an undeflected condition . this resilient return of sidewalls 174 cooperates with raked distal surfaces 195 on rounded ears 194 to propel shield 140 into the second position where cannula finger lock 167 and cannula shelf lock 220 pass needle 44 . this acceleration of shield 140 caused by the resilient return of sidewalls 174 and raked distal surface 195 of ears 194 also causes sidewalls 174 to snap against detents 118 . this snapping action provides a clear audible and tactile indication of complete shielding and occurs substantially when the used needle is trapped by cannula finger lock 167 and cannula shelf lock 220 . the angles of distal and proximal surfaces 195 and 197 of rounded ears 194 affects the performance of shield 140 . in particular , a smaller acute angle alignment of proximal face 197 reduces the force required to move shield 140 passed rounded ears 194 . a larger acute angle proximal surface 197 of rounded ears 194 requires a greater force to move shield 140 toward the second position . similarly , the angle between distal surface 195 and sidewall 174 affects the acceleration characteristics as shield 140 is propelled toward the second position in response to the resilient return of sidewalls 174 . top finger guide area 172 comprises a first ramp 184 that extends slightly on an upwardly slope from the rearward end of the collar engaging area to a shoulder 186 . from shoulder 186 extends a second ramp 188 which slopes downwardly towards top section 163 . most preferably , first ramp 184 comprises touch bumps 190 . the touch bumps provide a tactile and visual guide to alert the user that the user &# 39 ; s finger has contacted the shield and that the shield is in a defined or controlled position . the touch bumps may be any configuration so long as they extend and are distinct from the top finger guide area . the touch bumps may also be of a distinguishing color as compared to the top finger guide area or the shield . second ramp 188 has interior surface 192 for urging the needle toward the center of slot 160 as the shield is being rotated into the closed position . the exterior surfaces are slightly inclined and extending radially from the second ramp . the interior surfaces are especially helpful if the longitudinal axis of the needle is misaligned with respect to the longitudinal axis of the hub . extending arms 180 are located at rearward end 168 and at the beginning of top finger area 172 and hold hanger bar 182 . the safety shield assembly and the needle assembly are assembled together whereby needle 40 is connected to hub 60 and sealed with adhesive at the ends of the hub . hub 60 is then joined with collar 90 by ultra - sonic welding techniques or any other bonding techniques , or mechanical fit , whereby rearward annular skirt 94 of collar 90 mates with ribbed end 66 of the hub . male ribs 82 of the hub are contained or forced fitted within inner sidewall 102 of rearward annular skirt 94 of collar 90 . the collar is aligned with the intravenous end of the needle whereby the hook arm is aligned with the bevel up of the needle . then rigid sleeve 50 is force fitted into inner side wall 96 of forward skirt 92 of collar 90 to cover the needle . thereafter , shield 140 is connected to collar 90 whereby hanger bar 182 is force fitted into hook member 114 whereby slot 160 faces rigid sleeve 50 . most preferably , the shield is connected to the collar by a force fit or interface fit between the hanger bar and the hook bar . therefore , the shield is always oriented in a stable position and will not move unless movement of the shield is positively initiated by the user . to assemble the last piece , shield 140 is moved towards rigid sleeve 50 and second rigid sleeve 52 is force fitted onto outer sidewall 104 of rearward skirt 94 of collar 90 . in addition , a label 196 may be applied to the finally assembled parts . the label may be used to prevent tamper resistance of the parts , so that they are not reused . in use , as shown in fig7 - 15 , the non - patient needle shield is removed and then a needle holder is screwed onto the hub of the needle . as specifically shown in fig8 and 12 the shield is then rotated back by the user towards the needle holder . then as shown in fig9 , the intravenous needle shield is removed from covering the intravenous needle . then as shown in fig1 , a venipuncture is conducted whereby the intravenous end of the needle is inserted into a vein of a patient and an evacuated tube having a closure is inserted into the needle holder . then as shown in fig1 and 13 , when the venipuncture is complete the user easily rotates the shield from the open position towards the intravenous needle to an intermediate position and then the user pushes on the shield at the top finger guide area to move the shield into a final , non - retractable locked position whereby the needle is trapped in the longitudinal opening . more particularly , needle 44 contacts cannula finger lock 167 and cannula shelf lock 220 . the engagement of needle 44 with cannula finger lock 167 causes cannula finger lock 167 to deflect toward top wall and toward the sidewall 162 from which cannula finger lock 167 projects . simultaneously , sloped bottom edge 222 of cannula shelf lock 220 will cause needle 44 to deflect . sufficient rotation of shield 140 will cause needle 44 to pass both cannula finger lock 167 and cannula shelf lock 220 . as a result , cannula finger lock 167 will return resiliently to an undeflected condition and needle 44 will return resiliently to an undeflected condition . thus , needle 44 will be trapped above cannula finger lock 167 and above cannula shelf lock 220 . additionally , needle 44 will be retained securely in concave region 226 of cannula shelf lock 220 . the combination of cannula finger lock 167 and cannula shelf lock 220 can provide more secure protection than a single cannula finger lock or a plurality of finger locks . more particularly , a cannula finger lock provides a secure trapping of needle 44 , albeit with relatively low resistance to a forced attempt to intentionally re - expose needle 44 . on the other hand , shelf lock 220 provides somewhat less effective trapping than cannula finger lock 167 in that a transverse shifting for the shield could bypass a cannula shelf lock that was used alone . however , a cannula shelf lock provides much more secure resistance to a forcible attempt to rotate shield 140 back to its initial position . thus , the cannula finger lock 167 and cannula shelf lock 220 cooperate to provide significantly enhanced trapping and resistance to re - exposure of cannula 44 . needle 44 is contained within shield 140 as the shield is pivoted into the closed position . more particularly , proximal surfaces 197 of rounded ears 194 move over detents 118 and cause sidewalls 174 to deflect away from one another . the angularly aligned proximal faces 197 of rounded ears 194 ensures easy movement of shield 140 . additionally , the resiliency of sidewalls 174 and the angular alignment of distal surface 195 of ears 194 causes shield 140 to be accelerated into the full shielding closed position . thus needle 44 snaps past cannula finger lock 167 and cannula shelf lock 220 and is trapped as shown in fig1 a , 14b and 15 to ensure complete locking of shield 140 in the closed position . this accelerated movement of shield 140 helps to generate a clear audible and tactile indication of complete shielding . alternatively as shown in fig1 , a gel material 190 is located in shield 140 so that when the needle snaps past cannula finger lock 167 and cannula shelf lock 220 it will come to rest in gel material 190 . the gel material will contain any residual fluid that may be on the needle . simultaneously , rounded ears or projections 198 move over detents 118 . this causes sidewalls 174 to deflect away from one another and then to snap back into engagement with collar 90 to provide a clear audible and tactile indication of complete shielding . fig1 , 18 , and 19 are further embodiments of the invention that include may components which are substantially identical to the components . fig1 - 3 . accordingly , similar components performing similar functions will be numbered identically to those components of fig1 - 3 , except that a suffix “ a ” will be used to identify those similar components in fig1 , a suffix “ b ” will be used to identify those similar components in fig1 and a suffix “ c ” will be used to identify those similar components in fig1 . alternatively , the safety shield assembly of the present invention may be used in conjunction with a conventional intravenous ( iv ) fusion set , as illustrated in fig1 . for purposes of illustration , shield 140 a and collar 90 a are connected to a conventional iv infusion set , 200 , or butterfly structure comprising a needle body with a needle hub 204 extending from the forward end of the needle body and a needle 206 embedded in hub 204 . extending from the rearward end of the needle body is flexible tubing 208 which is conventional and utilized to allow the user to manipulate the structure and to connect it subsequently to supplies of infusion liquids or for the return of collected blood if the arrangement is being used to collect blood . infusion set 200 further comprises flexible wings 210 attached to and projecting outwardly from needle hub 204 . alternatively , the safety shield assembly of the present invention may be used in conjunction with a syringe , as illustrated in fig1 . for purposes of illustration , shield 140 b and collar 90 b are connected to a conventional hypodermic syringe 300 comprising a syringe barrel 302 having a distal end 304 a proximal end 306 and a plunger 312 . alternatively , the present invention may be used in conjunction with a catheter as illustrated in fig1 . the shield and collar of the safety shield assembly of the present invention are comprised of moldable parts which can be mass produced from a variety of materials including , for example , polyethylene , polyvinyl chloride , polystyrene or polyethylene and the like . materials will be selected which will provide the proper covering and support for the structure of the invention in its use , but which will provide also a degree of resiliency for the purpose of providing the cooperative movement relative to the shield and the collar of the assembly .
the present invention is a method for assembling a safety shield assembly and more particularly a method for assembling a safety shield assembly with a fluid handling device . preferably , the safety shield assembly may be assembled with a needle assembly , an intravenous infusion set a syringe , a catheter or other fluid handling devices or assemblies that contain piercing elements .