fig1 and 2 are top plan and side elevation views , respectively , of a prior art exercise apparatus , generally designated as 500 . in the shown embodiment , exercise apparatus 500 comprises an abdominal roller which is used to exercise the abdominal muscles of an exercising user . exercise apparatus 500 includes a member 502 which is rotatable about an axis 504 such as an axle by the exercising user . member 502 rotates about base 506 which resides on a support surface 700 . fig3 is a side elevation view of prior art exercise apparatus 500 rotated through an angle θ to a second position . fig4 and 5 illustrate top plan and side elevation views , respectively , of a system for applying variable electro - muscle stimulation in accordance with the present invention , generally designated as 40 . system 40 includes exercise apparatus 500 having a member 502 which is rotated about an axis 504 by an exercising user . a transducer 20 communicates with axis 504 , so that as member 502 is rotated about axis 504 , transducer 20 generates an output signal which is a function of an angular position of member 502 . fig6 is an enlarged view of area 6 — 6 of fig4 . in the shown embodiment , transducer 20 is an angular position - to - voltage transducer , such as a potentiometer . transducer 20 is connected by shaft 22 to axis of rotation 504 of member 502 , so that as member 502 is rotated , shaft 22 of transducer 20 also rotates . the housing of transducer 20 is attached to a bracket 25 which is in turn attached to base 506 . in this manner , as member 502 is rotated about axis of rotation 504 , shaft 22 rotates and changes the output signal v θ of transducer 20 ( refer also to fig9 ). it is noted that a plurality of transducers 20 may communicate with axis 504 , such as the two shown in the fig6 . it may be appreciated that other shaft position transducers such as shaft angle encoders , digitizers , etc . could be utilized to convert the rotation of member 502 into an output signal . fig7 is an enlarged view of the area 7 — 7 of fig5 . it is noted that the terminals of transducer 20 are routed to an ems system ( machine ) and an ems covering which is placed upon an appropriate part of the exercising user &# 39 ; s body ( refer also to fig8 , 10 , and 11 ). fig8 is an electrical schematic diagram of the present invention . an ems system delivers a voltage v 1 to transducer 20 . in the shown embodiment voltage v 1 is referenced to ground , however other reference arrangements are also possible . as member 502 of exercise apparatus 500 is rotated through angle θ , the wiper of transducer 20 generates an output signal ( voltage v 1 θ ) which is routed to an ems covering such as a belt which is placed upon a part of the user &# 39 ; s body ( refer to ems covering 550 in fig1 and 11 ). output signal v 1 θ increases from a minimum value for θ = zero , to a value of v 1 for θ = a maximum rotational value . in the shown embodiment , two transducers 20 comprise two separate channel inputs ( 1 and 2 ) to the ems covering . in one embodiment , the two channels deliver ems to different muscle groups of the user . in an embodiment of the invention , a voltage level control 21 is provided on each of the two channels . the voltage level control 21 includes a potentiometer which controls the voltage ( v 1 or v 2 ) delivered to transducer 20 , and thereby the intensity of the electro - muscle stimulation . the mechanical placement of the voltage level control 21 is shown in fig4 , 5 , 10 , 11 , and 20 - 23 . the voltage level control is placed so a user can conveniently control the intensity of the ems during exercise without breaking the exercise rhythm . fig9 is a graph which illustrates the output signal v θ as a function of rotational angle θ of member 502 . the output signal v θ rises smoothly as the exercise apparatus 500 is rotated . the output signal v θ could be linear as shown in i , or nonlinear as shown in ii or iii . fig1 and 11 are side elevation views of system 40 being used by an exercising user . in fig1 the user is initially reclining on his or her back , and in fig1 the user has rotated to the shown position . an ems covering 120 is disposed around the user &# 39 ; s abdomen . the output signal v θ from transducer 20 is delivered to the ems covering 120 . as the user rotates member 502 from the position of fig1 in a first direction 30 , output signal v θ increases thereby causing increasing electro - muscle stimulation . conversely , as the user rotates member 502 in an opposite second direction 31 , output signal v θ decreases thereby causing decreasing electro - muscle stimulation . it is noted that the output signal v θ increases as the user is using his or her abdominal muscles to rotate member 502 . applying increasing electro - muscle stimulation as the user is using his or her muscles , enhances the benefits of the exercise . voltage level control 21 is conveniently located on member 502 adjacent the hands of the user so that the intensity of the ems can be adjusted during exercise without breaking the exercise rhythm . fig1 is a front elevation view of a patient 706 showing the muscles of the rectus abdominis divided at the umbilical area 712 into an upper portion 708 and a lower portion 710 . the rectus abdominis includes two distinct muscles on opposite sides of the linea alba . but for purposes of this invention , they work together and are stimulated together . line 714 defines the junction of the right and left obliques 716 with the upper portion 708 and lower portion 710 of the rectus abdominis ( refer also to fig1 ). fig1 is a side elevation view of the patient 706 showing the right obliques 716 . the left obliques are on the opposite side . line 714 defines the junction of the right obliques 716 with the upper portion 708 and lower portion 710 of the rectus abdominis . fig1 illustrates a top plan view of the outside of the abdominal covering 120 of fig1 and 11 . the abdominal covering or belt is specifically designed to encircle the abdomen and stimulate the muscle groups of the central torso . abdominal covering 120 includes a flexible covering or band 124 , selectively positionable electrodes 146 , 148 , 150 , and 152 , and connector 130 . some of the electrodes receive a positive stimulation signal 134 and some receive a negative stimulation signal 138 . the stimulated muscles ( fig1 and 13 ) are the upper portion 708 and the lower portion 710 of the rectus abdominis , the right obliques 716 , and the left obliques . abdominal covering 120 includes a first positive electrode 140 which , when placed upon a patient , is proximate to the upper portion 708 of the rectus abdominis , a second positive electrode 142 which , when placed upon a patient , is proximate to the lower portion of the rectus abdominis , and a third negative return or common electrode 144 disposed between first 140 and second 142 positive electrodes in the umbilical region 712 . return electrode 144 provides a conduction path for both first positive electrode 140 and second positive electrode 142 . it is noted that second positive electrode 142 has a truncated shape , in the form of edge 143 , so as to avoid stimulation of the femoral nerve . a fourth positive electrode 146 is placed on the left obliques on the side of the abdomen above the iliac crest and a fifth return electrode 148 is placed proximate to the junction 714 of the left obliques 716 and the upper and lower portions 708 and 710 of the rectus abdominis . the fifth return electrode 148 is disposed between the fourth positive electrode 146 and third return electrode 144 . by placing the return electrodes 144 and 148 adjacent to each other , the electrodes which stimulate the rectus abdominis are electrically isolated from the electrodes which stimulate the obliques thereby minimizing stimulation interaction . a sixth positive electrode 150 is placed on the right obliques on the side of the abdomen above the iliac crest and a seventh return electrode 152 is placed proximate to the junction 714 of the right obliques 716 and the upper and lower portions 708 and 710 of the rectus abdominis . the seventh return electrode 152 is disposed between the sixth positive electrode 150 and third return electrode 144 in order to again minimize stimulation interaction . a voltage source such as an ems machine provides the signals 134 and 138 . an overall control box 121 can be attached to the covering 120 , located nearby , or attached to an exercise device such as an ab roller exerciser . individual adjustment controls 131 , 132 , and 133 determine the voltage delivered to first positive electrode 140 , fourth and sixth positive electrodes 146 and 150 , and second positive electrode 142 , respectively . a master adjustment control 135 provides overall voltage control to the individual controls 131 , 132 , and 133 . an adjustment control 136 simultaneously applies a first positive voltage 137 to fourth positive electrode 146 and a second positive voltage 138 to sixth positive electrode 150 . as first positive voltage 137 increases , second positive voltage 138 decreases . and as first positive voltage 137 decreases , second positive voltage 138 increases . fig1 illustrates a top plan view of the outside of a second abdominal covering 320 similar to abdominal covering 120 of fig1 but having dual channels . abdominal covering 320 includes a flexible covering or band 324 , selectively positionable electrodes 346 , 348 , 350 , and 352 , and connector 330 . abdominal covering 320 includes a first positive electrode 340 which , when placed upon a patient , is proximate to the upper portion 708 of the rectus abdominis , a second positive electrode 342 which , when placed upon a patient , is proximate to the lower portion of the rectus abdominis , and a third negative return or common electrode 344 disposed between first 340 and second 342 positive electrodes in the umbilical region 712 . return electrode 344 provides a conduction path for both first positive electrode 340 and second positive electrode 342 . it is noted that second positive electrode 342 has a truncated shape , in the form of edge 343 , so as to avoid stimulation of the femoral nerve . a fourth positive electrode 346 is placed on the left obliques on the side of the abdomen above the iliac crest and a fifth return electrode 348 is placed proximate to the junction 714 of the left obliques 716 and the upper and lower portions 708 and 710 of the rectus abdominis . the fifth return electrode 348 is disposed between the fourth positive electrode 346 and third return electrode 344 . by placing the return electrodes 344 and 348 adjacent to each other , the electrodes which stimulate the rectus abdominis are electrically isolated from the electrodes which stimulate the obliques thereby minimizing stimulation interaction . a sixth positive electrode 350 is placed on the right obliques on the side of the abdomen above the iliac crest and a seventh return electrode 352 is placed proximate to the junction 714 of the right obliques 716 and the upper and lower portions 708 and 710 of the rectus abdominis . the seventh return electrode 352 is disposed between the sixth positive electrode 350 and third return electrode 344 in order to again minimize stimulation interaction . a voltage source such as an ems machine provides the channel signals 334 and 335 . the covering 320 has two channels . one channel 335 provides stimulation and intensity control to the upper , mid , and lower rectus abdominis . the other channel 334 provides stimulation and intensity control to the right and left obliques . each channel operates independently from the other providing respective input to these muscle groups . the two diverging or balance controls 331 , 336 are mounted on the covering or belt 320 . potentiometers may be used as the diverting devices . however , other diverting systems may also be used for example separate channels or multiple ems units . the first diverging control 331 distributes the electrical input 335 between the first positive electrode 340 placed over the upper rectus abdominis and the second positive electrode 342 placed over the lower rectus abdominis . the third electrode 344 located at the umbilicus acts as a return . this control facilitates the concentration of stimulation to either the upper or lower rectus abdominis . as the first positive voltage 332 to the first electrode 340 increases , the second positive voltage 333 to the second electrode 342 decreases . and as the first positive voltage decreases , the second positive voltage increases . the second diverging control 336 distributes the electrical input 334 between the fourth positive electrode 346 over the right obliques and sixth positive electrode 350 over the left obliques . the fifth electrode 348 and sixth electrode 352 located along each junction of the obliques and rectus abdominis serve as returns . this control facilitates balance and equal stimulation of the right and left obliques . as the third positive voltage 337 to the sixth positive electrode 350 increases , the fourth positive voltage 338 to the seventh positive electrode 346 decreases . and as the third positive voltage decreases , the fourth positive voltage increases . fig1 illustrates a top plan view of the outside of a third abdominal covering 460 similar to abdominal covering 320 of fig1 but having a single channel . abdominal covering 420 includes a flexible covering or band 424 , selectively positionable electrodes 444 , 446 , 448 , 450 , and 452 , and connector 430 . the control and versatility of the covering or belt is less than the dual channel covering or belt but it is more economical . the first return electrode 444 is placed on the rectus abdominis at the umbilical region . it is adjustable with respect to placement allowing the user to target any region between the umbillical and lower rectus abdominis . the second positive electrode 452 is placed at the junction of the rectus abdominis and left oblique muscles . the third positive electrode 448 is placed at the junction of the rectus abdominis and right oblique muscles . a diverting device 431 controls the intensity balance between the second and third positive electrodes . the fourth positive electrode 450 is placed at the most lateral portion of the left obliques between the iliac crest and lower ribs . the fifth positive electrode 446 is placed at the most lateral portion of the right obliques between the iliac crest and lower ribs . diverting device 431 simultaneously applies a first positive voltage 432 to second positive electrode 452 and a second positive voltage 433 to third positive electrode 448 . as the first positive voltage 432 increases , the second positive voltage 433 decreases . and as the first positive voltage decreases , the second positive voltage increases . a diverting device 436 controls the intensity balance between the fourth and fifth positive electrodes . diverting device 436 simultaneously applies a third positive voltage 437 to fourth positive electrode 450 and a fourth positive voltage 438 to fifth positive electrode 446 . as the third positive voltage increases , the fourth positive voltage decreases . and as the third positive voltage decreases , the fourth positive voltage increases . a toggle switch 460 enables the user to alternatively stimulate the region between the rectus abdominis and medial obliques to target the anterior abdomen versus stimulating the region between the rectus abdominis and lateral obliques to target the lateral obliques . generally , the lateral most aspects of the obliques are more responsive to electrical stimulation than the medial portions . a resistor 462 is therefore preferred to reduce the voltage to the lateral obliques when the toggle switch 460 is changed . this eliminates the sudden surge that may otherwise be experienced when the toggle switch is switched from the medial to lateral obliques . fig1 and 18 illustrate top plan and side elevation views , respectively , of a second prior art exercise apparatus , generally designated as 600 . in the shown embodiment , exercise apparatus 600 comprises a chair like device which is used to exercise the legs muscles of an exercising user . exercise apparatus 600 includes a member 602 which is rotated about an axis 604 by the leg of the exercising user . a weight 608 provides rotational resistance . member 602 rotates about base 606 which resides on a support surface 700 . fig1 is a side elevation view of prior art exercise apparatus 600 rotated through an angle θ to a second position . fig2 and 21 illustrate top plan and side elevation views , respectively , of a second system for applying electro - muscle stimulation in accordance with the present invention , generally designated as 140 . system 140 includes exercise apparatus 600 having a member 602 which is rotatable about an axis 604 by an exercising user . a transducer 20 communicates with axis 604 , so that as member 602 is rotated about axis 604 , transducer 20 generates an output signal which is a function of an angular position of member 602 . fig2 and 23 are side elevation views of system 140 being used by an exercising user . in fig2 the leg of the user is initially at rest and hooked under a padded roller 610 . in fig2 the user has rotated member 602 to the shown position . an ems covering 220 is disposed around the user &# 39 ; s thigh . the output signal v θ from transducer 20 is delivered to ems covering 220 . as the user rotates member 602 from the position of fig2 in a first direction 30 , output signal v θ increases thereby causing increasing electro - muscle stimulation . conversely , as the user rotates member 602 in an opposite second direction 31 , output signal v θ decreases thereby causing decreasing electro - muscle stimulation . it is noted that the output signal v θ increases as the user is using his or her leg muscles to rotate member 602 . applying increasing electro - muscle stimulation as the user is using his or her muscles , enhances the benefits of the exercise . voltage level control 21 is conveniently located adjacent the hand of the user so that the intensity of the ems can be adjusted during exercise without breaking the exercise rhythm . fig2 is a top plan view of the covering 220 of fig2 and 23 . fig2 is a schematic diagram of the covering 220 . covering 220 includes a first positive electrode 222 and a second positive electrode 224 . a return electrode 226 is disposed between first positive electrode 222 and second positive electrode 224 . an adjustment control 228 simultaneously applies a first positive voltage 230 to first positive electrode 222 and a second positive voltage 232 to second positive electrode 224 . as first positive voltage 230 increases , second positive voltage 232 decreases . and as first positive voltage 230 decreases , second positive voltage 232 increases . a voltage / current source 500 applies an electrical stimulation signal input . covering 220 is designed for the application of traverse stimulation . in this application , a single covering 220 is utilized in which the positive and return electrodes are placed on the same covering . the central return electrode 226 is somewhat larger in surface area than the positive electrodes 222 and 224 . this design allows the concentration of stimuli to the return electrode to become dispersed in order to dilute the intensity of the stimulation feed from both positive electrodes 222 and 224 . it may be readily appreciated that the positive and return negative or ground electrodes may be reversed . in terms of use , a method for applying electro - muscle stimulation , includes : ( a ) providing a flexible electro - muscle stimulation covering 120 having a plurality of spaced apart electrodes 140 , 142 , 144 , 146 , 148 , 150 , and 152 , said electrodes disposed in a pattern upon said flexible covering which matches a predetermined group of human muscles , so that when said flexible covering is placed upon a patient , said electrodes are proximate to the predetermined group of muscles , wherein said pattern matches predetermined groups of muscles , the muscles being the upper portion of the rectus abdominis , the lower portion of the rectus abdominis , the right obliques , and the left obliques . an exercise apparatus 500 having a member 502 which is rotatable about an axis 504 by an exercising user ; a transducer 20 communicating with axis 504 ; and , so that as member 502 is rotated , transducer 20 generates an output signal v θ which is a function of an angular position of member 502 ; ( c ) providing an electro - muscle stimulation system ( ems ) which delivers a voltage v 1 ( and / or v 2 ) to transducer 20 ; ( d ) providing electrical emphasis to certain regions over other regions within the muscle group ; ( f ) causing output signal v θ to be delivered to electro - muscle stimulation covering 550 ; ( g ) the user rotating member 502 in a first direction 30 thereby causing output signal v θ to increase thereby causing increased electro - muscle stimulation to be applied to the user ; and , ( h ) the user rotating member 502 in an opposite direction 31 thereby causing output signal v θ to decrease thereby causing decreased electro - muscle stimulation to be applied to the user . the method further including in step ( b ), transducer 20 being a potentiometer . the method further including in step ( b ), providing a plurality of tranducers 20 . the method further including in step ( c ), a voltage level control 21 connected between electro - muscle stimulation system ems and transducer 20 ; and , so that the voltage to the transducer may be adjusted . in terms of use , an alternate method for applying electro - muscle stimulation , includes : a flexible covering 320 having a plurality of spaced apart electrodes 340 , 342 , 344 , 346 , 348 , 350 , and 352 ; the electrodes including : a first positive electrode 340 ; a second positive electrode 342 ; and , a return electrode 344 disposed between the first and second positive electrodes ; a voltage source 334 connected between the positive electrodes and the return electrode ; and , an adjustment control 331 which simultaneously applies a first positive voltage 332 to the first positive electrode 340 and a second positive voltage 333 to the second positive electrode 342 , so that as the first positive voltage increases , the second positive voltage decreases , and as the first positive voltage decreases , the second positive voltage increases ; an exercise apparatus 500 having a member 502 which is rotatable about an axis 504 by an exercising user ; a transducer 20 communicating with the axis 504 ; and , so that as the member 502 is rotated , the transducer 20 generates an output signal v 1 which is a function of an angular position of the member 502 ; ( c ) providing an electro - muscle stimulation system which delivers a voltage to the transducer ; ( e ) causing the output signal v 1 to be delivered to the electro - muscle stimulation covering 320 ; ( f ) the user rotating the member 502 in a first direction 30 thereby causing the output signal to increase thereby causing increased electro - muscle stimulation to be applied to the user ; and , ( g ) the user rotating the member 502 in an opposite second direction 31 , thereby causing the output signal to decrease thereby causing decreased electro - muscle stimulation to be applied to the user . the preferred embodiments of the invention described herein are exemplary and numerous modifications , variations , and rearrangements can be readily envisioned to achieve an equivalent result , all of which are intended to be embraced within the scope of the appended claims .
a method for applying variable electro - muscle stimulation to an exercising person includes a belt having a plurality of electrodes placed around the abdomen at the rectus abdominis and obliques . the person then gets into an exercise apparatus which has a rotatable component . attached to the rotatable component is a transducer that senses the position of the component . an ems generator is connected to the belt through the transducer . as the user exercises in a first direction , increasing stimulation is applied to the subject muscles . as the user moves the rotatable component in the opposite direction , decreasing stimulation is applied to the user . in an alternative embodiment , the belt has at least one pair of electrodes connected to a common adjustment control so that as the voltage increases to one of the electrodes , it decreases to the other electrode of the pair , and vice versa . a toggle switch makes possible the selection of a particular pair .