referring initially to fig1 , a patient heat exchange system is shown and generally designated 10 . the system 10 includes an indwelling heat exchange catheter 12 that can be inserted into a patient to heat or cool the patient . the catheter 12 may be any of the catheters disclosed in the above - referenced patents or other appropriate closed loop heat exchange catheters . coolant such as but not limited to saline is circulated through the catheter 12 in a closed loop to and from a member such as a heat exchange system 14 through coolant supply and return tubes 16 , 18 under the influence of a pump 20 ( such as but not limited to a gear pump , roller pump , diaphragm pump , or other type of pump ) to heat or cool the coolant as desired to warm or cool a patient . the catheter 12 is made of biocompatible material that may be coated with an anti - coagulant substance such as heperin ®. preferably , the catheter 12 is made of flexible plastic , and on its distal end it may include one or more heat exchange elements such as balloons or fibers or metallic structures . in any case , the catheter 12 is sized to fit within the patient &# 39 ; s bloodstream without blocking blood flow and without allowing coolant to enter the bloodstream . the blood can flow around substantially all of the exposed surface areas of the heat exchange elements disclosed below when the catheter 12 is positioned in the bloodstream and coolant is being circulated through the catheter , to exchange heat with the blood . in a preferred embodiment , the catheter 12 is configured for placement within the venous system , preferably in the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava through the jugular vein or subclavian vein or femoral vein . less preferably the catheter 12 may be positioned in the arterial system . preferred non - limiting uses for the catheter 12 include preventing the onset of fever in patients by keeping the patients normothermic . other uses include inducing mild or moderate therapeutic hypothermia in patients suffering a cardiac arrest , acute myocardial infarction , stroke , brain trauma , or undergoing aneurysm surgery . the catheter 12 may also be used to rewarm such patients as well as rewarm patients post - surgery , e . g ., post - cardiac bypass surgery . in the particular non - limiting embodiment shown in fig1 , the cooling system 14 includes a working fluid bath container 22 in which a working fluid bath 24 such as saline , glycol , a mixture thereof , or other appropriate working fluid is disposed . the container 22 may define a cooling receptacle 26 that can receive a tubing set 28 through which coolant flows as part of the closed coolant path . the tubing set 28 may be implemented as a single length of iv tubing or , as indicated in fig1 , the tubing set 28 may include a serpentine - like coolant path in a bag - like cartridge assembly that can be easily engaged and disengaged with the receptacle 26 . in any case , it will be appreciated that the working fluid in the bath 24 is in thermal contact with the cooling receptacle 26 and , hence , with the coolant in the tubing set 28 to cool the patient coolant flowing through the path when the patient coolant is warmer than the working fluid . the cooling system 14 also includes a heat sink 30 that is in thermal contact with the working fluid in the bath 24 . the working fluid may be circulated between the heat sink 30 and the bath 24 . the heat sink 30 may be a combined heater / chiller system that can include a refrigerant compressor and / or a thermo - electric cooler ( tec ) to cool working fluid . details of various types of non - limiting heat sinks are set forth in selected of the above - referenced u . s . patents . fig1 shows that a controller 32 receives a patient temperature signal from a temperature sensor 34 . in accordance with present principles , the controller 32 accesses a logic module 36 to control the heat sink 30 and pump 20 in accordance with logic set forth further below . the controller 32 may be implemented by any suitable processor . the temperatures sensor 34 may be any suitable temperature sensor such as a thermocouple , resistance temperature detector ( rtd ), tympanic ir sensor , or other sensor that outputs a signal representative of patient temperature , preferably patient core temperature . the sensor 34 may be placed in the bloodstream of the patient , or in the esophagus , rectum , bladder , or near the ear canal to sense tympanic temperature , in accordance with patient temperature sensing principles known in the art . the logic module 36 may be implemented in electronic storage such as disk or solid state memory and accessed by a processor to execute the present logic . now referring to fig2 , the logic of the present invention can be seen . commencing at block 38 , with the catheter 12 having been intubated in the vasculature of the patient , coolant is circulated by the pump 20 under control of the controller 32 through the catheter 12 and through the portion of the coolant flow path outside the body that is cooled by the system 14 . coolant is circulated until target temperature is achieved . for fever control applications target temperature is normothermia . for therapeutic hypothermia applications target temperature may be in the mild or moderate hypothermia range . at block 40 , target temperature is reached . the pump 20 is stopped , and the bath 24 is maintained at a low temperature , e . g ., zero degrees celsius . at block 42 , when the signal from the temperature sensor 34 indicates that the patient temperature is rising above target temperature , e . g ., that the patient is spiking an unwanted fever , the pump 20 is immediately started by the controller 32 such that cold coolant is immediately supplied to the patient , as opposed to having to wait for the bath to cool down from ambient until maximum cooling can be effected . while the particular heating / cooling system for indwelling heat exchange catheter as herein shown and described in detail is fully capable of attaining the above - described aspects of the invention , it is to be understood that it is the presently preferred embodiment of the present invention and thus , is representative of the subject matter which is broadly contemplated by the present invention , that the scope of the present invention fully encompasses other embodiments which may become obvious to those skilled in the art , and that the scope of the present invention is accordingly to be limited by nothing other than the appended claims , in which reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “ one and only one ” unless explicitly so stated , but rather “ one or more .” all structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the above - described preferred embodiment that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the present claims . moreover , it is not necessary for a device or method to address each and every problem sought to be solved by the present invention , for it is to be encompassed by the present claims . furthermore , no element , component , or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element , component , or method step is , explicitly recited in the claims . no claim element herein is to be construed under the provisions of 35 u . s . c . section 112 , sixth paragraph , unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “ means for .”
a cooling system for an indwelling heat exchange catheter includes a heat exchange bath that is configured to receive a conduit that carries saline to and from the catheter . a heating / cooling fluid is in the bath and exchanges heat with the saline . a pump circulates the patient coolant to and from the catheter . the bath is kept at a minimum temperature and the pump stopped , with the pump being started immediately upon receiving a signal indicating that the patient &# 39 ; s temperature is rising above a desired setpoint .