referring to the figures , in which like numerals refer to like portions thereof , one embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig1 - 6 . in this case , the chamber consists of an elongated housing 1 with a lower part 2 presenting a nipple 3 and a filter 4 . a tube 5 is connected to the nipple 3 . the upper part of the chamber is formed by a cap 6 with , in the particular example shown , four connection openings 7 . if the chamber is used in an extracorporeal blood circuit , one of the openings 7 can serve as the inlet for the blood , while a second such opening can be connected to a pressure gauge , and a third opening to a level regulator . the fourth opening can then be used for sample - withdrawal and / or for the addition of medicine . the filter 4 is shown in a larger scale view in fig5 and 6 . the filter itself is thus formed integrally with the housing 1 at its lower part 2 . in the example shown therein , the filter openings 8 are in the form of elongated slots arranged in the longitudinal direction of the housing . when filtering blood , the width of the slots should lie between about 0 . 05 and 0 . 2 mm , preferably between about 0 . 10 and 0 . 15 mm . the length of the slots should generally range between about 0 . 5 and 3 mm , and preferably be about 1 . 5 mm . the total surface of the slots should be larger than the inner cross - sectional area of the blood inlet tube , preferably at least about 50 % larger . the filter is strengthened by the provision of reinforcement ribs 9 between the slots 8 . ( the above - noted dimensions for the slots 8 are also valid for the other embodiments of the filter of this invention as disclosed herein ). an alternative embodiment of the filter is shown in fig7 and 8 . since this embodiment corresponds essentially with the filter shown in fig5 and 6 , the same reference numerals have been used . reference numeral 4 thus denotes the filter , while the filter openings are denoted by reference numeral 8 , and a number of longitudinally extending strengthening ribs by reference numeral 9 . fig9 illustrates an example of how an injection molding tool can be formed to produce the filters shown in fig1 to 8 . the tool shown in fig9 consists of six mold parts which are denoted by reference numerals 10 to 15 . the mold part 11 can thus be said to form an insert in the mold part 10 . by simply exchanging insert 11 , the shape of the filter 4 can therefore be easily altered . a modified embodiment of the chamber according to the present invention is shown in fig1 . since this embodiment corresponds essentially to that described above , the same reference numerals have again been used therein . the housing or sleeve is thus denoted by reference numeral 1 and the lower part by reference numeral 2 . the lower part of the chamber in this case is formed as a separate injection molded cap , and is again integrally formed with the filter 4 and the nipple 3 . the upper part 6 in this case is integrally formed with the housing 1 . even in this case , the entire chamber merely consists of two simple injection molded components . a further embodiment of the invention is shown in fig1 . the lower part 2 in this case corresponds to that of fig1 . the upper part 6 differs from that shown in fig1 in that it is provided with an additional filter 4 &# 39 ;. the additional filter 4 &# 39 ; occupies a relatively low position within the housing 1 as a result of the presence of an extension piece 16 . a further embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig1 . this figure corresponds essentially to that of fig1 , although without the extension piece 16 . a further embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig1 . this figure corresponds essentially to that shown in fig1 , although in this case the lower part 2 has been replaced by a separate injection molded cap , while the upper part 6 is integrally formed with the housing 1 . a further embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig1 . this embodiment corresponds essentially to that of fig1 , although here , as with the embodiment according to fig1 , it is provided with an extension piece 16 to reduce the fall height of blood when the chamber is used as a drip chamber in an extracorporeal blood circuit . a further embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig1 . this embodiment differs from those described above in that it consists of three parts . this does , however , offer the advantage that all three parts can be manufactured by means of an extremely simple injection molding tool . the lower part 2 can thus be said to comprise the base of the housing 1 , with the filter 4 being integral therewith , as well as an outer cap with the connection nipple 3 . as illustrated in fig1 , the conical filter is provided with filter openings in the form of circular arcs arranged perpendicular to the generatrix of the cone . alternatively , the filter openings can be in the form of elongated straight slots arranged in the longitudinal direction of the generatrix of the cone . although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments , it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention . it is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims . for example , it is conceivable that both the shape and size of the filter openings be varied in accordance with circumstances .
drip chambers and expansion chambers for the transfer of blood are disclosed , including a housing , an entry port in the upper portion of the housing , an exit port in the lower portion of the housing , and at least one filter integral with either the upper or lower housing portions . methods for manufacturing these chambers are also disclosed .