fig1 shows a first exemplary embodiment for the monopolar operation of so - called bipolar loops 103 , i . e . loops having two loop sections 104 , 105 which are electrically insulated from one another , includes electrical connecting elements , whereby for the monopolar operation of these loops 103 , respectively only one of the two loop sections 104 , 105 can be connected to one of the two outputs 14 , 15 of an rf generator 18 , and the other output 14 , 15 of the rf generator 18 when using this device as usual in monopolar operating modes can or must be connected to a neutral electrode 17 in a known manner . a device according to this exemplary embodiment can , as shown schematically in fig1 , include an adapter 1 which , for example , can be inserted between the proximal end 2 of a bipolar connecting cable 3 for bipolar loops 103 or instruments , and a monopolar connector socket 4 of an rf surgical device 5 . the adapter 1 includes two connecting elements and specifically one for the monopolar connector plug 6 compatible with the monopolar connector socket 4 of the rf surgical device 5 and one bipolar connector socket 8 compatible with the bipolar connector plug 7 at the proximal end 2 of the bifilar or bipolar connecting cable 3 . an electrically conductive bridge 9 connects a first contact element 10 of the monopolar connector plug 6 to a second contact element 11 of the bipolar connector socket 8 . the connecting elements , in particular the bipolar connector plug 7 and the bipolar connector socket 8 between one such adapter 1 and a bipolar connecting cable 3 and / or a further bipolar connector socket 12 at the distal end 13 of the bipolar connecting cable 3 and the bipolar plug contact 101 of bipolar loops 103 or instruments ( see fig6 ) can be configured such that exclusively only one or alternatively one or the other of the two loop sections 104 , 105 can be connected to one of the two outputs 14 , 15 of the rf generator 18 of the rf surgical device 5 , for example , by configuring the plug - in direction of the bipolar connector plug 7 at the proximal end 2 and / or distal end 13 of the bipolar connector cable 3 to be fixed or variable . this aspect is particularly relevant when using asymmetric bipolar loops 103 . when using asymmetric bipolar loops 103 , it is particularly expedient for the in toto removal of very large target tissue to use the respectively shorter loop section 104 , 105 as the active electrode . the device is consequently characterized by the fact that it can exclusively connect only one or alternatively one or the other of the two loop sections 104 , 105 of a bipolar loop 103 to the output 14 , 15 of an rf generator to which monopolar active electrodes or loop sections 104 , 105 can be connected as intended in the monopolar operating mode . when using asymmetric bipolar loops 103 , it is particularly expedient for the in toto removal of very large target tissue to use the respectively shorter loop section 104 , 105 as the active electrode . unlike the bipolar operation of a bipolar loop 103 , in the monopolar operation of a bipolar loop 103 , a neutral electrode 17 must be connected to the first output 15 of the rf generator 18 and also applied to the patient when using this device and this is monitored by an automatic safety device 16 usual for this purpose , which is included as prescribed in rf surgical devices 5 and therefore not presented and described in detail , for example , in accordance with ep 0 390 937 . a second exemplary embodiment of a device for the monopolar operation of so - called bipolar loops 103 , i . e . loops 103 having two loop sections 104 , 105 which are electrically insulated from one another , includes electrical connecting elements , whereby for the monopolar operation of these loops 103 , only one of the two loop sections 104 , 105 can be connected to one of the two outputs 14 , 15 of an rf generator 18 of an rf surgical device 5 , and the other output 15 , 14 of the rf generator 18 when using this device as usual in monopolar operating modes can or must be connected to a neutral electrode 17 in a known manner . a device according to this exemplary embodiment can , as shown schematically in fig2 , include a further adapter or an adapter cable 20 which , for example , can be inserted as extension cable between the proximal end 2 of a usually bifilar , so - called bipolar connecting cable 3 for bipolar loops 103 or the bipolar plug contact 101 of a bipolar loop 103 or of a bipolar instrument and a monopolar connector socket 4 of an rf surgical device 5 . the adapter cable 20 includes one cable section 21 having one electrical connecting element at the ends thereof , and specifically one connector plug 22 compatible with the monopolar connector socket 4 of the rf surgical device 5 and one connector socket 23 compatible with the bipolar connector plug 7 at the proximal end 2 of the bipolar connecting cable 3 or compatible with the bipolar plug contact 101 directly at the bipolar loop 103 or on the bipolar instrument . an electrically conductive core 24 of the adapter cable 20 connects a first contact element 25 of the connector plug 22 to a contact element 26 of the connector socket 23 of this adapter cable 20 . if the plug - in direction between the connector socket 23 at the distal end of the adapter cable 20 and the bipolar connector plug 7 at the proximal end 2 of the bipolar connecting cable 3 , which can be used as extension cable , is variable , the one or the other loop section 104 , 105 can then be connected alternatively to the second output 14 of the rf generator 18 which can be advantageous particularly when using asymmetric bipolar loops 103 . the device is consequently characterized by the fact that it can exclusively connect only one or , if the plug - in direction of at least one plug connection , in particular between the bipolar connector plug 7 or the bipolar plug contact 101 and the connector socket 23 , is variable , alternatively one or the other of the two loop sections 104 , 105 of a bipolar loop 103 to the second output 14 , 15 of an rf generator 18 to which monopolar active electrodes can be connected in the monopolar operating mode . unlike the bipolar operation of a bipolar loop 103 , in the monopolar operation of a bipolar loop 103 , as already noted above in the first exemplary embodiment , in the monopolar operation of a bipolar loop 103 , a neutral electrode 17 must be connected to the first output 15 of the rf generator 18 and also applied to the patient when using this device and this is monitored by an automatic safety device 16 usual for this purpose and therefore not presented and described in detail . the exemplary embodiments of devices for the alternative monopolar operation of bipolar loops 103 described above with reference to fig1 and fig2 are particularly suitable for the many rf surgical devices 5 already in existence which still have no device for the monopolar operation of only one of the two loop sections 104 , 105 of bipolar loops 103 . naturally , a bipolar connector socket 8 compatible with the bipolar connector plug 7 or connection plug 22 of the bipolar connecting cable 3 or the adapter cable 20 can be an integral component of an rf surgical device 5 , where however for the monopolar operation of bipolar loops 103 , only one of the two outputs 14 , 15 the rf generator 18 may be connected to one or both contacts of this connector socket 8 and in addition , a neutral electrode 17 required for monopolar operation must be applied to the patient and connected to the rf generator 18 . rf surgical devices 5 which are already equipped with a bipolar connector socket 8 compatible with bipolar connecting cables 3 for the bipolar operation of bipolar loops 103 , can however not only be modified for the monopolar operation of bipolar loops 103 by one of the two outputs 14 , 15 of the rf generator 18 being separated from this bipolar connector socket 8 . known rf surgical devices 5 having integrated bipolar connector sockets 8 for bipolar loops 103 or instruments are specifically characterized in that in the bipolar operating mode the automatic monitoring of the connection of a neutral electrode 17 at the rf generator 18 , as prescribed in rf surgical devices 5 , and furthermore the automatic monitoring of the application of neutral electrodes 17 on the patient is deactivated . a third exemplary embodiment of a device for the monopolar operation of so - called bipolar loops 103 , i . e . loops 103 having two loop sections 104 , 105 which are electrically insulated from one another , includes electrical connecting elements , whereby for the monopolar operation of these loops 103 , alternatively or alternatingly one or the other of the two loop sections 104 , 105 or alternatively or alternatingly one or the other or both of the loop sections 104 , 105 simultaneously can be connected to one of the two outputs 14 , 15 of an rf generator 18 , and the other output 15 , 14 of the rf generator 18 when using this device as usual in monopolar operating modes can or must be connected to a neutral electrode 17 in a known manner . a device according to this exemplary embodiment can , for example , as shown schematically in fig3 a , include a switchover device 30 and be used as intended as a switch box or , as shown schematically in fig3 b , it can be an integral component of an rf surgical device 5 . in the form of a switchover device 30 , this exemplary embodiment differs compared with the first exemplary embodiment in that additionally a first double - throw switch 31 is provided , by which means alternatively or alternatingly one or the other loop section 104 , 105 of a bipolar loop 103 can be connected to the second output 14 of the rf generator 18 . the switchover device 30 can additionally include a switch 32 by which means the two loop sections 104 , 105 can be electrically interconnected . a fourth exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention that is alternatively or alternatingly suitable both for the monopolar operation and also for the bipolar operation of so - called bipolar loops 103 , i . e . loops having two loop sections 104 , 105 which are electrically insulated from one another , includes electrical connecting elements for the electrically conductive connection of one output 14 , 15 of the rf generator 18 to one of the two loop sections 104 , 105 and a first double - throw switch 31 for the alternative or alternating connection of the other output 15 , 14 of the rf generator 18 to the other of the two loop sections 104 , 105 or to a neutral electrode 17 . a switch box or a switchover device 30 according to this exemplary embodiment can , in accordance with fig3 a , be used on rf surgical devices 5 without means for the monopolar operation of bipolar loops 103 but is more advantageously an integral component of an rf surgical device 5 and is therefore only presented and described in this embodiment by reference to fig4 . it is certainly possible for a person skilled in the art in this field to also implement this embodiment in the form of a switch box or similar . as an integral component of an rf surgical device 5 , this exemplary embodiment , as shown schematically in fig4 , substantially includes a bipolar additional socket 40 compatible with the bipolar connector plug 7 on the proximal end 2 of the bipolar connecting cable 3 , whose first contact 41 is permanently connected to the second output 14 of the rf generator 18 , and a second double - throw switch 42 by which means the first output 15 of the rf generator 18 can alternatively or alternatingly be connected to the other of the two loop sections 104 , 105 or to a neutral electrode 17 connected to a neutral connector socket 43 . this exemplary embodiment can also only be used as intended when a neutral electrode 17 is connected to the rf surgical device 5 and applied to the patient . if the rf surgical device 5 is fitted with a safety device 16 for the automatic monitoring of the connection of a neutral electrode 17 at the rf surgical device 5 and / or the application of the neutral electrode 17 on the patient , then this safety device 16 cannot be used without or with an inadequately applied neutral electrode 17 . a fifth exemplary embodiment of a device that is suitable for monopolar operation and also for both monopolar and bipolar operation of so - called bipolar loops 103 , i . e . loops having two loop sections 104 , 105 which are electrically insulated from one another , includes electrical connecting elements whereby for the monopolar operation of bipolar loops 103 , one of the two outputs 14 , 15 of an rf generator 18 can be connected to only one or alternatively or alternatingly to one or the other or simultaneously to both of the two loop sections 104 , 105 jointly , and the other output 15 , 14 of the rf generator 18 can be connected alternatively or alternatingly to the other of the two loop sections 104 , 105 or to the neutral electrode 17 . this fifth exemplary embodiment shown in fig5 is substantially a combination of the exemplary embodiments presented and described above with reference to fig3 b and fig4 and contains no additional connecting elements to the exemplary embodiments presented and described above with reference to fig3 b and fig4 . for a person skilled in the art in this field a description of this exemplary embodiment with reference to fig5 would be a repetition of the descriptions of the third and fourth exemplary embodiment . however , further embodiments of these devices , in particular in relation to their function and suitability for use are described hereinafter with reference to the fifth exemplary embodiment shown in fig5 and this applies additionally for the exemplary embodiments already described above with reference to fig3 b and fig4 . one embodiment of the exemplary embodiment shown in fig3 b and fig4 and in particular the combination thereof shown as a fifth exemplary embodiment in fig5 consists in that the switchable connecting elements , i . e . in particular switch 32 and double - throw switches 31 , 42 , are electromechanical relays or semiconductor switches whose switching positions can be configured electronically alternatively or alternatingly and this in particular by storable or stored programs and electronic control devices 50 sufficiently known to an average person skilled in the art in this field , for example , by an electronic computer or a cpu 44 . this embodiment is very advantageous for applications of these devices as intended , for example , for the endoscopically controlled removal of polyps or pathological mucosal - submucosal areas from thin - walled hollow organs , which are in particular large and consequently liable to complications , insofar as the removal of such target tissue includes several different phases with specific requirements in regard to the thermal effects required in each case , for which the rapid sequence in time cannot be controlled by manual modification of the connecting elements . in addition , in particular devices according to the fifth exemplary embodiment or fig5 can be operated very advantageously with special operating modes or programs , for example , in accordance with de 35 30 335 for polypectomy in such a manner that the configuration of the electromechanically switchable connecting elements is automatically synchronized , for example , with the alternating cutting and coagulation phases . for example , cutting phases can be applied cyclically in an alternating manner and in monopolar mode using one and / or the other of the two loop sections 104 , 105 and coagulation phases either in monopolar mode using one and / or the other of the two loop sections 104 , 105 or in bipolar mode with soft coagulation between both loop sections 104 , 105 of bipolar loops 103 . as shown schematically in fig6 , instruments from prior art substantially include a loop 102 , a flexible catheter 106 , at least one flexible but sufficiently stiff manipulation wire 107 which is used inside the catheter for pushing out and pulling in the loop in the axial direction from or into the distal end 108 of the catheter 106 and for conducting the rf current required for the rf surgical removal of target tissue , and a handle 109 at the proximal end of the catheter which consists of a slide rail 110 and a slider 111 for the manual pushing out or pulling in of the loops from or into the distal end of the catheter . at least one electrical contact for the connection of an rf surgical generator ( rf generator ) is disposed on the slider . bipolar loops are , for example , separated at their distal end 112 into two electrically separated loop sections and are mechanically interconnected by means of an electrically insulating connecting element 113 . it will be appreciated to those skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure that this invention is believed to provide means , components , assemblies and methods used for rf surgery . further modifications and alternative embodiments of various aspects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of this description . accordingly , this description is to be construed as illustrative only and is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the general manner of carrying out the invention . it is to be understood that the forms of the invention shown and described herein are to be taken as the presently preferred embodiments . elements and materials may be substituted for those illustrated and described herein , parts and processes may be reversed , and certain features of the invention may be utilized independently , all as would be apparent to one skilled in the art after having the benefit of this description of the invention . changes may be made in the elements described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the following claims .
a method and device for operating an rf surgical assembly for the rf surgical removal of pathological tissue in hollow organs of a patient wherein the rf surgical assembly includes an rf surgical device having an rf generator for generating an rf current and a bipolar loop having two mutually insulated loop sections which can be brought electrically in contact with the tissue and wherein the rf generator has a first and an antipolar second output .