possible preferred embodiments will now be described with reference to the drawings and those skilled in the art will understand that alternative configurations and combinations of components may be substituted without subtracting from the invention . also , in some figures certain components are omitted to more clearly illustrate the invention . the present invention , in a first preferred embodiment , includes a treatment method including the following procedures : the clinician should first be able to visualize the effects of ideal facial development for a given patient . next , a clinical examination of the head , neck and facial area is performed followed by a postural evaluation . diagnostic imaging is then performed using lateral cephalographs , panoral radiography , computerized tomography , cone - beam ct scan , and / or mri . photographic images are also taken intra - orally , extra - orally , and posturally . three - dimensional techniques such as stereophotogrammetry or laser scan should also be performed . subsequent to medical imaging , an electro - diagnostic analysis is performed using joint vibrational analysis ( jva ), electromyography ( emg ), and electrognathology ( egn ). impressions of the maxillary and mandibular arches should be taken to produce study models , which can be laser scanned to create digital study models . prior to the induction of craniofacial homeostasis , a treatment protocol is developed with the goal of visualizing the treatment objective . the foregoing treatment plans need to be based on what is termed the osteogenetic - orthodontic concept , i . e ., the growth and development of the craniofacial region can be influenced by signaling using an osteogenetic - orthodontic appliance . data - driven predictive modeling with computer analyses may be utilized where available . the following steps must be followed prior to the induction of craniofacial homeostasis : evaluation of facial features should include assessments of : facial asymmetry , intercanthal angle , sclera , venous pooling , and lower eyelid of the patient . the vertical and antero - posterior axes of the ears should be noted . asymmetry of the nares , morphology of the dorsum , and relative size of the nose should be noted , including the depth of the nasolabial grooves . the form of the lips should be examined for : asymmetry , thin upper lip , dry and / or everted lower lip , and the depth of the labiomental groove . facial profile analysis should include : frontonasal angle , cranial base length , facial proportions , under - developed midface / maxilla with or without midfacial retrognathia , underdeveloped mandible with or without retrognathia ( retruded position ). esthetic line of the face is assessed . this is the measurement of the midface in relation to the cranial base , and represents the fullness of the facial profile . it is the distance from the tip of the nose to the incisal edge of the upper incisor in the midline . this measurement should be approximately 38 mm in adults . with the foregoing steps accomplished , the next step is the foundational correction treatment protocol by which facial development for maximum medical improvement is enhanced by achieving skeletal and dental balance , equilibrium and homeostasis . the desired results from a successful protocol are : 1 ) correcting the size and shape of the maxilla ; 2 ) correcting the size , shape and position of the mandible ; and , 3 ) bringing the mandible into occlusion with the maxilla , and maintaining the corrected spatial relations ( including the posture of the tongue , lips etc .). proper treatment planning will take into account the following : 1 ) correcting skeletal midline to soft tissue midline ; 2 ) correcting occlusion to class i molar / cuspid relationship ; and , 3 ) correcting condyles to symmetrical positions . for patients having space less than 2 mm ( class i christiansen effect ): occlusal coverage should be adjusted to avoid open - bite ; anterior teeth should be edge to edge ; turn screw approximately once per week ( abut 0 . 25 mm ), or more or less as required . if maxilla is not ready for the turn , the patient should wait until it is ready ( i . e . when the appliance feels loose ). upper appliance should be used for about 3 to about 6 months ( or as required ) before insertion of lower appliance . stop developing the maxilla but have patient continue to wear the upper appliance . mandible should be developed until it occludes with the maxillary arch . turn screw approximately once per week ( about 0 . 25 mm , or more or less as required in a particular patient &# 39 ; s case ). if mandible is not ready for the turn , the patient should wait until it is ready ( i . e . when the appliance feels loose ). anterior 3 - d axial springs are activated to re - position teeth to ideal esthetic line measurement , approximately . adjust upper and lower appliances simultaneously until optimally - desired results are reached . for patients having space more than 2 mm ( class ii christiansen effect ): patient continues using day - time orthotic repositioning appliance for day wear , including eating . if patient wakes up with pain , construct an nti appliance ( night orthotic ) for use during sleep . turn screw approximately about once per week ( about 0 . 25 mm ), or as required ( more or less frequently ). if maxilla is not ready for the turn , the patient should wait until it is ready ( i . e . when the appliance feels loose ). when christiansen effect is 2 mm or less , construct lower osteogenetic - orthodontic appliance turn screw approx . once per week ( 0 . 25 mm ). if mandible is not ready for the turn , the patient should wait until it is ready ( i . e . when the appliance feels loose ). mandible should be developed until it occludes with the maxillary arch . adjust upper and lower appliances simultaneously until optimally - desired results are reached . the functional correction treatment protocol is directed toward enhancing facial development by achieving extra - oral ( facial ) and intra - oral soft tissue balance , equilibrium and homeostasis for maximum medical improvement . this is achieved through : 1 ) developing the muscles of the face ( muscles of facial expression ); 2 ) developing the muscles of the jaws ( muscles of mastication ); 3 ) maintaining corrected spatial relations ( posture of tongue , lips etc . ); and , 4 ) losing features of craniofacial obesity where indicated . a treatment plan is developed which takes into account : 1 ) correcting extra - oral soft tissues ; 2 ) correcting intra - oral soft tissues ; and , 3 ) correcting tongue posture to enhance functional airway space . the method developed includes facial therapy to workout facial muscles approximately 10 mins . per day and oral myofunctional therapy to correct oral muscles , including the tongue . this treatment method just described results in before and after conditions of the patient as exemplified in fig1 - 11 , for example . in a second preferred embodiment , and well - suited for use with the treatment method previously described , the present invention includes an orthodontic device or appliance 10 of fig1 - 6 . fig1 , 2 and 3 show an orthodontic device or appliance 10 of the split palate type in accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention . device 10 includes a plate body 12 , preferably of plastic material , such as acrylic . the plate body is preferably in two halves 12 a , 12 b , but it can be in one piece or in several pieces of unequal size . plate body 12 has overlay 14 extending from it to a position that would cover the top of a tooth . while it is shown with one such overlay 14 a on the left side in fig3 , it should be understood that the overlay 14 b is on the right side . the location and extent of the overlay 14 is based on a clinical determination by the dental health care provider to achieve the desired equilibration in an optimal way . a first clasp 16 and a second clasp 18 are connected to the plate ; preferably by being embedded in the plastic material of plate body 12 . each clasp 16 , 18 includes an archway 20 , 22 for selectively permitting device 10 to be fitted about a tooth , preferably one of the posterior teeth , to hold the device or appliance in place . when fitted or connected , overlay 14 a may be positioned to extend over one of the archways ( archway 20 is shown in fig3 , with overlay 14 b additionally extending over archway 22 ) so as to be in contact with the teeth . overlay 14 is preferably placed on top of the teeth adjacent to archway 20 or 22 of the respective clasp 18 , 20 , thereby preventing the jaw from fully closing . the halves 12 a , 12 b of plate body 12 may be connected by an expansion jack screw 24 . while the screw 24 may be manually adjustable to control the separation of the plate halves , a small electrical micro - motor 25 may incorporate the screw 24 and be used to adjust the separation . a labial bow 26 , in the form of an arch wire , is also connected to the plate body 12 , preferably by being embedded in the plastic material of the plate body 12 . labial bow 26 wraps around the front of the teeth and additionally acts to keep device 10 in place . a plurality of 3 - d axial springs 28 , which are also known in the art as singh springs in fig2 , for example — or in an alternative preferred embodiment as the singh spring 29 shown in fig5 a , 5 b , and 5 c , for example — are coupled or otherwise connected to the plate body , preferably by being embedded in the plastic material of the plate body 12 . each 3 - d axial spring 29 includes an arm portion 30 and a head portion 32 . as is common , the head portion 32 rests against the inside of the teeth and contacts the patient &# 39 ; s tissues at that location . typically , the amount of contact can be adjusted by manual bending of the arm portions 30 . as an alternative , small electrical motors 35 can be located between the body plate 12 and one or more of the 3 - d axial springs 28 to adjust the contact that the 3 - d axial springs have to the patient &# 39 ; s teeth and tissues without having to manually bend the springs . in addition , sensors can be located at the ends of the 3 - d axial springs where they meet the teeth in order to measure the pressure applied to each tooth or group of teeth by the 3 - d axial spring . the sensor can be located in other positions , but in such a case it would not provide a direct measurement of the pressure and some calculation would be necessary to arrive at the actual pressure . during use of the device , as the jaw expands and other bones develop , it will be necessary to adjust the separation of the body plates 12 a , 12 b , as well as the contact of the 3 - d axial springs , in order to continue the development of the bones . this can be accomplished during periodic visits , e . g ., once a week , to the dental health care provider for adjustments . such adjustments can be manual or , where the motors 25 , 35 are present , they can be made by applying an electric current to the motors . in part , the output of sensors can be read by the dental health care provider to better adjust the appliance . a microprocessor 40 can be provided on or embedded within the body plate 12 . in order to power the microprocessor , a battery 42 would also be provided . the microprocessor may be supplied via conducting wires with information from the sensors and its output can drive the micro - motors 25 , 35 , via other conducting wires at least partially embedded in the plastic body 12 , in order to automatically keep the contact on the teeth at a preset level . in this way patient errors such as missed , over - zealous or reversed screw - turns are eliminated , and the visits to the dental healthcare provider are reduced to an optimized level . further , the dental healthcare provider can create a force profile that will lead to a desired outcome for the patient . for example , the vectors need to be intermittent , cyclic , long - acting , low - level and consistent so as not to over do the application of force and produce an inferior result . this profile may be in the form of data or digital codes stored in a memory that is part of the microprocessor . thus the microprocessor controls the motors based on the profile data and the readings from the sensors . the plate body 12 does not include the clasps 16 , 18 , the labial bow 26 , and the 3 - d axial springs 28 or 29 . the body 12 of device 10 , except for the overlay 14 , is slightly spaced from the patient &# 39 ; s tissue , including the palate and mandibular lingual areas . therefore , the only portion of the plate body 12 that touches the patient &# 39 ; s tissues is the overlay 14 , which contacts the biting ( occlusal ) surface of at least one of the patient &# 39 ; s teeth in the space where that tooth would normally contact an opposing tooth from the opposite set of teeth , i . e ., upper or lower jaw . the overlay 14 is sufficiently thick to prevent the jaws from fully closing . the thickness of the overlay , where it contacts the tooth preferably ranges from approximately about 0 . 5 mm to approximately about 2 mm . but , the overlay can have a thickness ranging from approximately about 0 mm to approximately about 5 . 0 mm . the plate body 12 has a thickness that varies and ranges from about 1 mm to about 5 mm . to change the form of the jaw and facial bones with device 10 , the device is placed within the mouth of a patient so that overlay 14 contacts at least one tooth and the remainder of the plate body 12 is spaced from the patient &# 39 ; s tissue , including the palate . overlay 14 prevents the patient &# 39 ; s jaws from fully closing . it is believed that this contact of the teeth with the overlay causes intermittent forces to be applied to the body plate 12 and through it to the 3 - d axial springs 28 , 29 to the teeth . this cyclic intermittent signaling stimulates the patient &# 39 ; s genome during function , essentially each time the patient speaks , swallows , smiles etc ., which is estimated to be about 2 , 000 to 3 , 000 times per day / night . this frequent cyclic intermittent signaling on the facial and alveolar bones is believed to cause development of the facial and jaw bones where jaw development did not fully occur during childhood . this bone development may include a descent of the palate ( i . e ., remodeling of the vault of the palate downwardly toward the lower jaw ); a widening of the palate ; an upward and outward remodeling of the body of the maxilla ; and an increase in palatal length , if necessary . fig7 , 10 , 12 and 14 show the teeth and mouth of a patient at the beginning of treatment prior to use of the device 10 of the present invention . fig8 , 11 , 13 and 15 is the same patient after partial treatment ( for one week ) of the device 10 . it should be noted that the teeth have been re - positioned more favorably in the “ after ” figures of 8 , 11 , 13 and 15 when compared to the “ before ” fig7 , 10 , 12 , and 14 ). in effect the jawbone has been developed to accommodate the new position of the teeth . notice that tooth x and tooth y are now better aligned because of the effects of the device 10 . this alignment was brought about by the application of intermittent cyclic signals to the patient &# 39 ; s tissues . during function , e . g ., as the patient swallows while wearing the device , either while awake or asleep , the teeth come into contact with the overlay 14 , which applies signals through the device to the bones of the jaw . this repetitive signaling causes stimulation of the genes that encode the bones of the jaw and face . while not wishing to be held to any theory of operation , it is believed that the symmetrical nature of the result of the reformation of the teeth and jaw bones is not due entirely to the application of force to specific areas of bone , but to the developmental mechanisms encoded at the genetic level of the patient , as predicted by the spatial matrix hypothesis of singh . the vibrational signals from the 3 - d axial springs ( for example spring 28 , 29 of fig1 - 6 ) stimulate the patient &# 39 ; s jaw ( alveolar ) and facial bone genes while wearing the device , which is estimated to be for about 20 - 30 minutes per day and / or while sleeping at night . this frequent , cyclic , intermittent signaling of the facial and alveolar bones causes development of the facial and jaw bones that did not occur optimally during childhood . this bone development may include remodeling of the palate , eruption of the teeth , remodeling of the facial bones and jaws etc ., according to the patient &# 39 ; s genome . it should be noted that the teeth are expected to relocate outwards ; in effect the jawbone will be expanded to accommodate the new positions of the teeth , without any new spacing occurring between individual teeth . the spring 28 and 29 is also known as an orthodontic spring and comprises a resilient material . suitable materials , well - understood in this art , include , for example , a titanium - niobium - aluminum ( ti — nb — al ) alloy , a cobalt - chromium - nickel alloy , also known under the trade name “ elgiloy ®” available from elgiloy specialty alloys of elgin , ill ., usa , or a niti wire that exhibits “ super - elasticity ”. additionally , the spring 28 and 29 is further comprised of a wire composed of a single strand of alloy . alternatively , this spring is constructed from a braided wire composed of a plurality of strands of a single alloy . in yet another embodiment , this spring is constructed from a braided wire composed of a plurality of strands of a plurality of alloys . other contemplated alloys include a nickel - free β - titanium alloy . further , the spring 28 , 29 includes a spring body having an arm 30 and oppositely spaced head 32 . the spring body further includes three axes of movement . the three axes include a transverse axis ( from side to side across the tooth ), an antero - posterior axis ( from the front biting edge of the tooth back towards the gum ), and a vertical axis ( spring loops extending up away from the tooth , and down towards the tongue ). although the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to certain embodiments , it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention .
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention , an osteogenetic - orthodontic appliance , device , system , and method optimizes craniofacial homeostasis by means of a 3 - d axial spring that influences the patient &# 39 ; s genome and thereby addresses problems existing primarily within the mid - facial region , as well as the other contiguous regions . growth and development of the craniofacial structures can be influenced by foundational correction in concert with functional correction , according to the genome of a particular patient by means of the method and systems of the present invention .