in the present application , both a first embodiment and second embodiment of the detachable warning carrier assembly , 101 and 102 , are presented . fig1 – 6 illustrate the first embodiment , and fig7 – 11 illustrate the second embodiment . each of the embodiments include an attachment layer of thermoplastic material . fig1 illustrates a first embodiment of a detectable warning carrier assembly 101 comprising a plurality of detectable warning domes 12 arranged in an evenly spaced , grid - like pattern , and covered beneath a top layer 16 . the top layer 16 is the attachment layer in the first embodiment . the carrier assembly 101 is substantially planar in between detectable warning domes 12 . the domes 12 are preferably truncated , such that they are flattened on top . to facilitate proper application of the detectable warning carrier assembly 101 , the top layer 16 is preferably made of thermoplastic . the use of thermoplastic allows the top layer 16 to melt so as to conform to the contours of the recipient surface , and to effectively bond with said recipient surface by flowing into cracks and pores present thereon . referring to fig2 , formation of the first embodiment of the detectable warning carrier assembly centers upon a mold 20 having a top surface 22 and a plurality of dome forming cavities 24 extending downwardly from the top surface 22 . the dome forming cavities 24 are shaped like inverted truncated warning domes and are spaced apart as required by regulations such as adaag 4 . 29 . 2 , and to otherwise function as an effective detectable warning . the dome forming cavities 24 are dimensionally modified to accommodate a coating of thermoplastic as will be apparent hereinafter . a first sheet of thermoplastic 26 is illustrated extending across the top surface 22 , spanning the mold 20 , and thereby extending across all dome forming cavities 24 . the first sheet of thermoplastic 26 may actually be numerous sheets of thermoplastic that are adjacent and / or overlap each other so that they together substantially span the top surface 22 of the mold 20 . referring now to fig3 , heat 28 is applied to the thermoplastic sheet 26 to a temperature sufficient to substantially melt the first sheet of thermoplastic , so that it forms a one - piece , continuous , top layer 16 of the detectable warning carrier assembly 101 being formed . accordingly the top layer 16 flows into the dome forming cavities 24 where it conforms to the mold 20 , taking the shape of the dome forming cavities 24 , and spanning the top surface 22 with one continuous piece . the top layer 16 , however , is substantially thin , and thus does not fill the dome forming cavities 24 , nor does it substantially obscure the topography thereof . referring now to fig4 , heat resistant casting material 30 has been added to substantially fill each of the dome forming cavities 24 . in particular , the dome forming cavities 24 have been filled to a height substantially equivalent to the top surface 22 , or more particularly — to substantially the height of the top layer 16 as it extends across the top surface 22 . the heat resistant casting material is flowable but settable , hardens in time , and is preferably a masonry material such as concrete . note that the casting material is shown as uneven at its uppermost surface — this is to emphasize its flowability and viscosity . the casting material will , however , settle and form a substantially flat dome base surface 12 a , as seen in fig6 . preferably the dome base surface 12 a is substantially coplanar with the top layer 16 . note that prior to the addition of the casting material , sand may optionally be sprinkled into the mold , while the thermoplastic is still hot , to adhere to the not - yet - cured top layer . such sand may be added to facilitate a strong bond between the casting material and the thermoplastic top layer . alternatively , formable heat resistant plastic , such as thermosetting plastic , may be introduced into the mold to form the domes . once set , such plastic will resist subsequent melting , but may melt slightly on the surface sufficient to establish a strong bond between the dome and top layer 16 . in general , a variety of heat resistant materials can be used for the domes 12 , including chemical compounds , mixtures , resins , polymers , glass , organic or inorganic substances , metals or other materials that have heat resistant properties . an important parameter of the heat resistant casting material is that it can resist temperatures of approximately 300 – 500 degrees fahrenheit , so as to endure the bonding process that will be subsequently described . if additional strength is desired , a strengthening grid , such as a mesh material , can be introduced at this point . accordingly , such a mesh grid can be placed upon the top layer 16 so that it substantially spans the mold , and adheres to all domes . the additional strength provided by the strengthening grid helps make the invention more suitable for use on a surface where vehicles or other heavy equipment might be used . in this regard , rather than casting the domes in place , performed domes can be introduced into the mold , with or without a pre - existing mesh grid holding a plurality of domes together . for example , the domes may be injection molded in a group , wherein members that connect the domes together are simultaneously formed during the injection molding process . the entire grouping of domes can then be placed within the dome forming cavities with the connecting members extending parallel to the top surface 22 of the mold 20 . in such a case , the domes are made of a heat resistant plastic material . in addition , a plurality of domes can be joined and mounted upon a veneer of brick or other earthen material . the domes and veneer are then placed into the mold , with the domes resting against the top layer 16 within the dome forming cavities . the domes and veneer ( along with adjacent veneers holding their own domes ) are then adhered to the thermoplastic material by any suitable means . referring now to fig5 , to install the detectable warning carrier assembly 101 , the top layer 16 is placed upon a pavement surface 40 near a hazardous transition point 42 , which also places the dome base surfaces 12 a upon the pavement surface ( best seen in fig6 ). in the environmental context provided within fig5 , a curb cut 44 creates the transition point 42 at which it is necessary to provide a textured , tactile warning . when suitably positioned adjacent to the hazardous transition point , and trimmed to fit , heat is applied to partially melt the top layer 16 . a simple torch may be used to supply the necessary heat . as the top layer 16 melts , it will flow into cracks , crevices , and pores of the pavement 40 . once it has been allowed to cool , it remains permanently attached to the pavement 40 , and the domes 12 will provide tactile feedback to any pedestrian approaching the transition point 42 . referring to fig6 , the substantially flat dome base surfaces 12 a of each dome rest upon the pavement surface . the top layer 16 both covers and drapes downwardly over each of the domes 12 and then extends substantially coplanar with their base surfaces 12 a , such that the top layer 16 can adhere to the pavement surface 40 and hold the domes 12 downwardly thereagainst . fig7 thru 11 illustrate a second embodiment of the detectable warning carrier assembly 102 . in the second embodiment , a base layer 14 is employed as the attachment layer — to both maintain the positioning of the domes 12 and to adhere to a recipient pavement surface . formation of the second embodiment is illustrated in fig7 thru 9 . in fig7 , the heat resistant casting material 30 has been added directly into the mold to partially fill the dome forming cavities 24 of the mold 20 . in particular , the heat resistant casting material 30 is added until it substantially reaches the top surface 22 of the mold 20 . what will become the dome base surfaces 12 a are shown as uneven in an exaggerated sense to emphasize the flowability of the casting material . the dome base surfaces 12 a are still , in fact , preferably somewhat uneven to facilitate secure attachment to the base layer 14 as will be illustrated hereinafter . in fig8 a second sheet of thermoplastic material 32 has been overlaid upon the mold , spanning the top surface thereof , to coat the detectable warning domes 12 and with a continuous piece of thermoplastic material to form the base layer 14 . in particular , the second sheet of thermoplastic material 32 spans the mold 20 , covers all the detectable warning domes 12 ( inverted and within the dome forming cavities ). then in fig9 , heat 28 is applied to bring the second sheet of thermoplastic material 32 into a melted or plastic state so that it flows to adhere to the base surface 12 a of the detectable warning domes 12 . thus , the second sheet of thermoplastic material 32 becomes the base layer 14 of the detectable warning carrier assembly 102 . to facilitate the adhering to the base surface 12 a , sand may be sprinkled over the domes 12 , or other means employed to facilitate a secure joint between the domes 12 and base layer 14 . after cooling , the detectable warning carrier assembly 102 may be removed from the mold — by separating the base layer 14 from the mold . the carrier assembly 102 is then inverted . as seen in fig1 , when fabricated carefully , the base layer 14 is substantially planar , and the domes 12 are mounted thereon . referring to fig1 , to install the second embodiment of the detectable warning carrier assembly 102 , the base layer 14 is placed upon the pavement surface 40 near the hazardous transition point 42 created by the curb cut 44 . when suitably positioned adjacent to the hazardous transition point , and trimmed to fit , heat is applied to partially melt the base layer 14 . a simple torch may be used to supply the necessary heat . as the base layer 14 melts , it will flow into cracks , crevices , and pores of the pavement 40 . once it has been allowed to cool , it remains permanently attached to the pavement 40 , and the domes 12 provide tactile feedback to any pedestrian approaching the transition point 42 . the domes 12 are exposed above the base layer 14 . as illustrated in fig1 , the base layer 14 rests upon the pavement surface 40 to which it is adhered , the domes 12 are themselves adhered to the base layer 14 . in conclusion , herein is presented a detectable warning system for use on a pavement surface . the invention is illustrated by example in the drawing figures , and throughout the written description . it should be understood that numerous variations are possible , while adhering to the inventive concept . such variations are contemplated as being a part of the present invention .
a detectable warning system , for tactily signaling the presence of a terrain transition to a pedestrian , using a plurality of detectable warning domes that are arranged in a grid within a detectable warning carrier assembly . the detectable warning carrier assembly comprises a carrier layer being one of a top layer and a base layer of thermoplastic material with heat resistant detectable warning domes therebetween . the carrier layer is heated and adhered to a pavement surface . the detectable warning domes protrude from the pavement surface in an evenly spaced pattern that is detectable by the pedestrian using a cane or other guidance instrument .