A question about series ratio test Could you please give me some hint how to deal with this question:

Suppose $\left|\frac {a_{n+1}}{a_n}\right|\le c_n$ for each n and $c_n&lt;1$.

May we conclude that $\left|\frac {a_{n+1}}{a_n}\right|\le c_n&lt;1$ and by ratio test series $\sum a_n$ converges absolutely ? 
Or there is counter-example ?

Thanks.
Define a sequence $a_1 = 3$, and $a_{n+1} = a_n - \dfrac{a_n}{n}$ for $n \geq 1$ then $\dfrac{a_{n+1}}{a_n} = 1 -\dfrac{1}{n}$, and $\lim_{n \to \infty} |\dfrac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}| = 1$. This example shows that the above convergence test can not be used since the limit of the ratio could be $1$ while the ratio test requires that it be less than $1$ for the series to be convergent.
It doesn't matter that you have used the "intermediary variable" $c_n$. You have shown that $$|\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}| &lt; 1$$ and if this is true also for $n \to \infty$ then, by the ratio test, the series converges absolutely.