Referring to author with their full personal name or by their abbreviated author name? For example, the author B.D. Acharya uses the shortname BD or B.D. in papers instead of his full name that is apparently Belmannu Devadas. I cannot be 100% sure for what the BD or B.D. stand for in this example. So in referring to authors, do I refer to them with their full personal name or by their author name that they use in their publications? 

I think the usage of the author publication names is correct because it may even be impossible to find the full personal name. So what is more correct way to refer to the publication with the name standing in the publication even abbreviated or with full name?
It is customary to refer authors by their last names when citing them within an academic article. It would also be better to include their initials too along with their last name.

I don't think the usage of short names such as bare initials would be encouraged within an academic article. IMO, it would be better to avoid this practice in papers.