OpenStreetMaps in research publications: Is that possible? In connection with Scholia (https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/), we are making OpenStreetMap plots online with the tiler from Wikimedia Foundation. When presented online OSM-derived maps are not a problem. However, if we take a screenshot, use that as part of a scientific article (likely a "Collective Work" - https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Common_licence_interpretations) and send that to a publisher there might come a problem: Publishers may require either transferal/waive of copyright or a CC BY license - neither of these options seems to work with the OSM license, AFAIU.

Would there be any possible way out?
First of all, note that you link to a page describing their old (pre-2012) license. They have updated Legal FAQ and License and Legal FAQ pages now. Furthermore, they have a bunch of examples on how their data has been used in research already (though a lot of them seem to be various theses). See also this question on OpenStreetMap's help forums.

The main point is that their data, and their maps, fall under their license. If you include them in  a paper, they request proper attribution. If you do that, I don't see it as being different from reusing a previously published figure with permission, which would be a reproduction of the figure, without transfer of copyright. Maybe specific journals/publishers would have a policy against this, but in my experience most should be fine with it, as it's standard academic practice.