What are good resources on how to carry oneself on a PhD course? I just started a PhD and I was looking for some guidance on what I could expect in the following years, more specifically, what is the recommended way to progress, how should I allocate my research hours and other responsibilities, and , finally, when and how should I start writing my PhD thesis. 

Is there any book written on how to conduct yourself during the course of a PhD? What would be your overall recommendations?
Have a look at this excellent memoir by a recent CS PhD: The Grind by Philip Guo

Although written from a CS perspective, many of his experiences transcend disciplines.