Co-authors either dismiss my ideas or don't understand them... and then dismiss them anyway I'm a PhD student in computer science. I'm currently working with 2 co-authors in revising a paper for resubmission (I'm not the main author). They act very respectful and open to criticism, but they seem to dismiss my concerns without realizing that they are doing it. I'm going to use a fictional example to illustrate the spirit of our conversations:

Me: "I don't think 2+2=5 as you said."

Them: "But we've addressed that concern before. Maybe you should explain yourself better so that we can understand."

Me: "I've already explained it 10 times in different emails and in person. There was even a claim that said 2=1 that I refuted."

Them: "We're not doubting your arguments but we need some time to figure out if that's true. Now let's consider 2+2=5... Oh, yeah, if 2=1 turns out to be true, then..."

At that point, it would make sense to me to ask about how I refuted 2=1. They want it to be true, I'm saying it's false, but they go on with their own trains of thought, assuming it's true. If someone in your team has a piece of information that can be decisive for something you are very interested in knowing, why would you ignore it? I've been told I have to learn how to explain why something is important in order to get my message across, but in this case it is important for everyone (and they know that) and yet they are not willing to make an effort to understand. They have even told me that they have answered my questions when in fact they haven't, and then I have to explain what it is that they don't understand and why, and it's getting frustrating. 

1) Am I doing something wrong? How can I tell if it's a lack of skill on my part or laziness on theirs?

2) How can I refuse to collaborate on future works with the same team? I have a feeling that they will ask me to prove that it's not my fault and will keep arguing that this "happens all the time when doing research".
(1) This question could only be answered by reading your drafts and discussion carefully.
(2) If they invite you, politely decline.  (If there's more going on here, for example, a debt of gratitude, complex relationships with a third party, funding ramifications, etc., please explain.)
Now I'll pose and answer the question I thought you were leading up to.
Question:

How can I deal with their stubborn refusal to read my comments carefully and give them fair consideration?

Answer:

When you are the low man on the totem pole, it is all too easy to fall into an unproductive communication game with such people.  The key is to use an authoritative but not disrespectful tone, write in a neutral tone with no emotions showing, repeat yourself as needed, and time your repetitions carefully.  Note about the timing:  don't reply right away.  You may draft an email response right away, but send it after an interval of time has gone by.
There are two ways to repeat yourself.  You can choose whichever one works better for you.
(a) The succinct approach: &quot;I responded to these points in draft number.letter, submitted on date.&quot;  Or: &quot;Please refer to comments submitted by email on date, time.  Notice &quot;comments&quot;(not &quot;my comments&quot;); &quot;submitted&quot; (not &quot;which I submitted&quot;).  Depersonalizing the language you use with them helps your messages sound authoritative.)
(b) Copy and paste from the previous draft or email message.

There must be no hint of frustration or sarcasm in your messages.  You can be a broken record, as long as you don't show you're aware that you might sound like a broken record.  And you must not show you are annoyed, because with people like this, showing annoyance is paradoxically counter-productive.
It might be easier to adopt this tone if you pretend you are the right-hand man of an expert in the field, drafting a response for the Big Researcher.  (This is analogous to being a legal clerk to a big name judge.)  Write your comments and email messages as though they will be signed by that imaginary senior researcher (which might be you twenty years from now!).
These tips bring no guarantee of success.  But at least you'll have minimized the time and energy you've put in.