Can a list of scientific numbers be shortened with only the final having the exponent? If I have a list of numbers 24 x 105, 15 x 105, 2 x 105, etc. In a medical journal article, is it acceptable to write 24, 15, and 2 x 105?
Short answer: No. It is not acceptable, because it is confusing. There are examples when a list of data points includes 3x105 and 5x100 at the same time --- how can the reader be sure how to interpret what you suggest?

If you insist on using it, you have to get around the confusion in some way. One of the used tricks is if you make it in a table:


--------------------------------------------
 Experiment           1    2    3    4    5
 Value (in 10^5 kg)  24   15   3.1   8   40
--------------------------------------------



This way you make it clear that the multiplier 105 applies to all values. This is mostly usable for large data sheets. For couple values like you show, I would stick to the standard notation and keep the multipliers with each value.