How can women improve their chances to get postdoc positions in computer science? I am planning to apply for postdoc positions in computer science (CS) departments, preferably in the US or Europe. I have searched several computer science departments/research groups at different universities to see the current projects and Postdoc researchers. I saw that most current postdocs are men. So, the following questions came into my mind:


Is it because either women did not apply for the position, or were the women's applications unsatisfactory to get the position?
Is it true that women do not have much interest and hence success in CS than men? or lets say are men in general better in CS than women?
Although it is unethical, is it true to assume that the CS members have tendency to hire men more than women in reality? 
If answer to Q3 is "yes," what would be the most effective motivations to encourage
the hiring of women postdocs in CS?
For women who have recently finished their PhD's, is it better to apply for academic research fellows or industry research positions?
I can only answer for Europe, but I assume JeffE is going to provide high-quality info for the US anyway.


  I saw the most of current postdocs are men.


With some exceptions, this is unfortunately very true across Europe. And not only post-docs. It gets worse the higher "up" you go in hierarchy.


  1- Is it because either the women did not apply for postdoc or women's applications couldn't make the CS community or individual faculty members satisfied?


In Vienna, where I did my PhD, we simply received basically no female applications. It was not a question of my professor not being satisfied with the female candidates - in the majority of cases, there simply were none.


  2- Is it true that women do not have much interest and hence success in CS than men? or lets say are men -in general- better in CS than women?


I am sure that women are able to do CS just fine. We just "lose" them some time during school. How this happens is a question of reasonably heated debate (gender studies etc.), and I do not feel qualified to answer it competently. 


  3- Although it is not ethically feasible, is it true to assume that the CS members have tendency to hire men more than women in reality?


This will surely be true for some individuals, but by and large the official university policy in most places is that "equally qualified" female candidates should be hired over male ones, and this actually seems to be the case. In general, as most universities are pretty desperate to increase their quota of females in higher positions, being a top female researcher will actually make it easier for you to get a strong postdoc or junior faculty position in Europe. Edit: I should make clear that the last sentence is based on personal opinion and anecdotal evidence more than anything else.


  5- For the women who newly finished PhD, is better to apply for academic research fellows or industry research positions?


Follow your heart. I don't feel gender should play into this decision. Anyway, in Europe there are preciously little industry research positions, so for the most part it's either academic research or industrial practice over here.