Will I be paid a percentage of the fee that readers pay to download my article? I am a fresh PhD student and I have a question regarding the scientific publication process.

Let's say that I have submitted a paper to a certain journal in Springer, Elsevier etc... and it has been published.

The editor will charge 31.95$ to anyone who would eventually download my article.

How much do I get from it (as the article's writer) ?
How much do I get from it (as the article's writer) ?

Nothing.
Moreover, through subscription fees, your university is very possibly paying a substantial amount of money for access to your work.