Discussing sole author vs first authorship in ML/CV with supervisor I am an UG research assistant in CV/ML on a robotics project. I was given a surveillance video by my boss, and w/o being too specific, I was asked to find a way to detect something in the video. W/o revealing myself by giving too much info, I went above and beyond and found a way to predict something occurring in the videos. I did everything from collecting the data to implementing the code. I am not sure what I should do.
Usually, a co authorship or first authorship assumes some kind of mentoring in UG. There was 0 mentoring or guidance, so this would be wrong. I was given a project and left alone to do it. At the same time, he took me on and gave me a chance with little experience. Additionally, I would want to use him as a LOR, so I don't want to upset him.
Short summary: I discovered a new and effective way to do something that AFAIK, has not been done before. I am not saying this is groundbreaking research, but it's not too bad for UG work. I spent a little over a year on this project and worked extremely hard. I received no help. I am not sure if I should ask my boss if I can solo author. Should I write a draft of the paper, then ask him if I can solo author? He supplied me with a video, in which I collected data, can I acknowledge him in it instead of coauthoring?
Just go with co-authorship
You're an undergraduate researcher.  This is a case where having co-authorship is actually better than sole authorship.  You said yourself it isn't groundbreaking.  By doing co-authorship you've created a google trail back to this professor.
When people are googling the professor's name, your paper will come up.  When people google your name, they will see your research network back to the professor.
Ph.D. students in the group likely talk about first/sole authorship more.
That's because Ph.D. students are expected to do high-level research and come up with novel ideas.  The next step in their career is (maybe) being a professor.
The next step in your career is getting into grad-school
The prestige of the professor your working with is a factor in admissions.  He'll probably write a recommendation anyway, but drive it home to admissions committees with a co-authorship.
From your post it sounds like he's pretty hands-off.  Write up the paper and put your name first and the profs second.  Let him tell you to swap them.