Rights of academic researchers I'm trying to find some documentation on how are the rights of academic workers defined and protected by law in my country. Unsurprisingly, all I found is strictly administrative stuff related to degrees and diplomas, but nothing specific on actual academic worker rights. 

I want to know if US and western EU have defined within their laws what an academic worker is and what are their additional rights and obligations compared to other types of workers, if academic freedom is in any way protected by law, or not.
In Germany and Austria academic freedom is part of the constitution.

German Art 5.3 GG:


  Kunst und Wissenschaft, Forschung und Lehre sind frei. Die Freiheit der Lehre entbindet nicht von der Treue zur Verfassung.


translated to English:


  Art and scholarship, research, and teaching shall be free. The freedom of teaching shall not release any person from allegiance to the constitution.


Austrian Art. 17.1 StGG:


  Die Wissenschaft und ihre Lehre ist frei.


translated to English:


  Science and its teaching is (sic) free.