How to share a scientific dataset with the research community Background:
I am a PhD student and am one step away from graduating. I have created a dataset in 3D microscopy vision, particularly 3D surface reconstruction from scanning electron microscope images, and the work has been already published in a highly respected journal. I would like to share the dataset with the research community to draw attention and possibly evaluate the contribution(s). 

Question:
I am wondering what are the typical channels that scholars use to share datasets?
Although I think the first thing is to talk to your institute, and if they already have a platform or webpage to share data, use that one in the first place.

You also could use figshare, datahub, or zenodo to share your data.
Actually the OpenData SE site opened a datahub site for OpenData SE, see this question:
How do I share Open Data with others on this SE site?

Furthermore, Open Data commons has some good information on how to share data, and what licenses to use.
Also see:
How can I Share my Data Sets Without Worrying About Copyright Issues?