How to deal with particles in a last name in a reference list Let's say I am citing a person called Emilia Di Martino. How would she go in my MLA reference list?

Possibilities I can think of:

Martino, Emilia di.
Martino, Emilia Di.
Di Martino, Emilia.


And how would I refer to her work inline?
One thing to keep in mind is that there is a substantial difference in several continental languages between uppercase and lowercase versions of a last name: it is wrong to write &quot;de Martino&quot; if the person's last name is normally written &quot;De Martino.&quot; This is a historical artifact, where the use of the capital letter indicates nobility, while the lowercase letter denotes a more traditional relationship. Similar rules apply to &quot;von&quot; in German and &quot;van&quot; in Dutch, but not to &quot;de&quot; in French or Spanish.
Therefore, when capitalized, the particle should always be treated as part of the last name. If lowercase, you can treat it as a suffix that goes after the first name. The exception are names like &quot;de Gaulle&quot; where &quot;de&quot; is followed by a one-syllable name.
So, it's:

Beethoven, Ludwig van
Clausewitz, Carl von
de Gaulle, Charles
Di Martino, Emilia
Martino, Emilia di
Maupassant, Guy de
Van Allen, James

My source is the MLA Handbook.