What does "Associate Faculty" mean? What does "Associate Faculty" mean, as used for example in this job advert headlined


  FACULTY AND ASSOCIATE FACULTY POSITIONS


and this brochure from the Perimeter Institute in Canada:


  In just 11 years since the Institute’s inception, PI has grown to
  include:
   - 16 full-time Faculty
   - 15 Associate Faculty


Given the adjective 'full time' above, perhaps 'Associate' just means 'part-time', but I've never heard that usage before.
This usage of "Associate Faculty" may be fairly unique to the Perimeter Institute. They have a number of faculty with joint appointments at Canadian universities, who typically alternate between semesters with the usual teaching duties at the university and semesters at PI with no responsibilities except for research.

There is a list of such faculty here; you can see that they all have an additional affiliation outside of PI.