How to address a doctoral candidate who is ABD (All but Dissertation)? Is "Dr" appropriate? How does one address a doctoral candidate who completed all his/here requirements except the dissertation? Would they be referred to as Doctor? Or is there another title?

In the past, I believe I've seen "ABD" added as a postnominal in a signature. For example, "John Doe, ABD". But I don't believe I recall reading how to address such an individual.

Related discussions (thanks Nate (or is it Doctor?)):


When can you call yourself doctor?
Proper way to address yourself
Address them the same way you would address any other person without a doctorate: e.g. in many English-speaking cultures, &quot;Mr. Smith&quot;, &quot;Ms. Jones&quot;, &quot;Mx. Brown&quot;,  or if you are on friendly terms, by their first name.
If they have successfully defended their dissertation but not actually received the degree, this is a bit of a gray area (see When can you call yourself doctor?) but I think &quot;Dr. Brown&quot; is reasonable.