Do large number of attended conferences favour application to postdoctoral or tenured positions? Situation: I started my PhD (Pure Maths) in January 2018. My research interest lies on functional analysis but not on applied side. 
  If possible, I would like to stay at academia as a Maths researcher or lecturer (or even better, professor).


Recently I came across a few conferences that I would like to attend. However, due to my scholarship terms and conditions, I am able to obtain financial assistance from the school only once per year.
However, some of my peers attended more than one conference per year due to their prestigious scholarship.


  Question: Would a Phd student with few conference attendances be at a disadvantage when applying for postdoctoral / tenured track position? 


By conference attendance, I mean attend AND give a talk at conference.
The purpose of attending conferences when you are at the PhD level and post-doc level is not for padding your CV, although people still want to see you have presented at some international recognized conferences. The main purpose is to advertise yourself and your research and to network for what could be your next position. In fact it is possible to walk out of a conference with some kind of contact or verbal agreement that sets you up for your future job.

For professorship application I don't think just attending conferences will help you, rather they will want to see that you have been keynote or plenary.