In which countries are academic salaries published? This is a simple question but I am not sure how to find out the answer. Where in the world are the salaries of (senior) academics published and freely available? I found this amazing web page  from Canada. Is it unique?



So far we have learned: (See answers and comments for more details.)


Many US states give full salary details for public university employees.
The province of Ontario in Canada gives full salary details.
Switzerland  gives full salary details (although no URL given yet).
In Denmark you can infer the salary fairly accurately from seniority and job classification.
In Finland (and possibly Norway and Sweden), everyone's basic tax records are public information although you can't access it online.
In Germany salaries for individual professors are secret, but salaries for other researchers can be inferred from public salary tables.
In the UK salaries for individual professors are secret, but salaries for more junior academics can often be inferred from published salary tables.


It would be great to get a fuller picture for Europe. What is the situation in France, for example?
Short answer: Germany. Somewhat.

To explain in more detail, there are four common modes for researchers in Germany:


Unpaid. (Typically PhD students in social sciences. Poor sods.)
Scholarships. ("Stipendiat"; PhD students and post-docs)
Employee of the state. ("Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter"; PhD students, post docs and (rarely) non-professor senior researchers)
Civil servant. ("Beamter"; professors and senior researchers)


The first needs no explanation. The second kind is -- from the perspective of how our system used to work traditionally -- a bit of an abomination with little to no regulation. The amount of the scholarship tends to be similar to the salary employees in similar circumstances get but is, ultimately, for the awarding institution to make up.

Now, for employees and "Beamte", there are well-defined salary tables which anybody can inspect. Be aware that these are gross figures. Depending on your circumstances 30+% won't even see your bank account; you can use the provided calculators to get an idea of the parameters and results (if you know enough German).


PhD students usually get (some percentage of) a TVL E13 position, post-docs can get E14-15 depending on their responsibilities. 
Senior researchers with life-long positions usually start at A13 and can move up to A16 in leading positions. 
Professors used to get C1-4 but that was changed to W1-3; junior professors (with or without tenure) get W1, full professors W2 or W3 depending on the position.

However, professors are eligible to negotiate for higher salaries 


during the hiring process ("Berufungszulagen"), 
in case of above average performance ("Leistungszulagen") and
when they get offers from other universities ("Bleibeverhandlungen").


Therefore, the real salaries of professors differ wildly (i.e. by integer factors). These figures are not public, not even in one department.