Can faculty in the United States get access to your grades without your explicit consent? Note: This question is aimed at "in general, in the United States, given the laws (including FERPA) and typical practices of US Universities".

I'm wondering if my schools' departmental advisers can give my grades to faculty members without my permission. Say a faculty member is talking to the department advisers about me. What is standard procedure here?
Faculty are almost always bound by rules governing their access to student records.  For example at my university, I can access any student record on campus if I have a justifiable reason. If I were to access student records that I didn't have  justifiable reason for accessing that would be a major violation of policy.