Can I patent work after I have published a paper about it? I've published my scientific results one year ago, but I didn't apply for patent at that time. Can I still patent it?
No.

You can only patent material that has not been publicly disseminated, and publication certainly counts as public dissemination.  In many jurisdictions, you lose the ability to patent immediately after doing so.  In other jurisdictions, like the United States, there is a one-year grace period, but it sounds like that has elapsed for you as well.