What is equivalent degree of Masters by research degree in the USA? There is a degree called “Masters by research” in Australia, in which a researcher basically researches for two years(full time) on the topic or research problem(differs from Phd on many aspects especially minimum requirements).

What is its equivalent degree in USA? 

Is it MPhil? Are they both same or are they different? (may be based on entry requirements, task done and degree completion requirements).

As far as I know, both require dissertation but there are not many taught courses in Masters by research and you are expected to make some unique contribution to knowledge body.

Is MPhil restricted to certain faculty such as arts or it can be in any fields (For e.g., computer science)? 

I am bit confused as some Australian universities also offer MPhil in addition to master by research degree and I could not find degree called "Masters by research" in US universities.

Can anyone please clarify?
In my experience, there isn't a separate degree in the US for achieving your Masters degree through research. In fact, in many places, that's the only way to do so. At the university where I received my Masters degree, you had three options, all of which granted the same degree:


Coursework - Take something like 30 course hours.
Coursework + Project - Take fewer hours (around 20 - 24) and do a larger project than a normal project course.
Coursework + Thesis - Take fewer hours (around 20 - 24) and do a smaller thesis than a PhD.


Many universities don't have of the options and just have #3.