Where can I do a research paper or thesis without enrolling in a college or university? I am not seeking a masters or PhD degree, but I would like to do a  research paper and have it peer reviewed academically?  Is this possible?  If so, where and how to do it?

Addendum:
Thank you for all your comments and answers.  These have clarified many aspects to this project.  I have several research projects to pursue.  The one where I would need the most specific direction would be the following.

Feasibility of using mosquitoes for large scale inoculation and/or medication of mammal (hopefully human) populations.  We all know how effective these insects are as vectors for spreading disease.  There is no reason I can think of why this ability cannot be exploited for said positive benefit.

I approached a local pharmaceutical firm about the research project but have not received any response.  I don't think most pharmaceutical firms would be interested in this research unless they can figure out a way to eventually get compensated for the gratis mass distribution of their pharmaceuticals if the project goes beyond research and successfully applied.  Although these and other challenges are significant, none are practically insurmountable and can be resolved.  The potential benefit from eventual application of the project should make the research worthwhile.  Indeed, part of the research would be the cost/benefit analysis from several perspectives.

I have searched on the Internet and have not found such a project.  I have found some information on genetically engineering mosquitoes for faux mating to eliminate mosquito populations such as this one .

Genetic engineering should not be necessary for said project since we are utilizing the already natural modus operendi of this insect, but another aspect of the research would be the potential benefit of GE for said goal. 
one would be marking the mosquitos genetically to distinguish from the rest; making them glow maybe.

I hope spelling out the specifics of the research didn't compromise the scope of topic for this forum.  If so, I welcome comments from moderators as to which SE site may be more appropriate.  Thank you for your comments and answers.  I look forward to reading more.
It's not impossible, but in this day and age it is extremely rare for individuals unaffiliated with research institutions (academic or commercial) to successfully publish scientific research papers on their own (without research-institute affiliated co-authors) in good journals (bogus journals publish almost anything for a fee).

The main reasons are that in order to pursue cutting edge research, one usually needs


access to all relevant publications;
regular exchange of ideas with other researchers;
access to hardware (for performing the research tasks).
a living and financial support for the research (including possible publication charges)


Points 1&amp;2 are more fundamental, since if you don't know where the cutting edge of research in a particular field is (or don't know the relevant terminology), then you cannot contribute. 

I should also note that there are quite a few unsuccessful manuscript submission from unaffiliated persons, but many are often not even considered for peer review by the journal editors for two possible reasons: (1) because the manuscript does not appear to meet the standards and (2) because the editor strongly suspect it doesn't, because of the author's affiliation. So there is another potential hurdle: editorial bias.