BCD oriented (4-bit)
pre-x86 (8-bit)
Early x86 (16-bit)
x87 (external FPUs)
8/16-bit databus
16-bit databus
80387SX
80387DX
IA-32 (32-bit)
RapidCAD
Celeron (1998)
II OverDrive
x86-64 (64-bit)
Extreme Edition
i7 (some)
CISC
iAPX 432
XScale
Itanium
PCHs
SCHs
ICHs
PIIXs
HD and Iris Graphics
Microarchitectures
P54C
P54CS
P6 / Pentium M /
Enhanced Pentium M
Coppermine T
Timna
Banias
Stealey
Tolapai
Yonah
Sossaman
NetBurst
Tejas and Jayhawk
Paxville
Presler
Core / Penryn
Merom-L
Merom
Conroe-L
Kentsfield
Clovertown
Tigerton
Penryn-QC
Wolfdale
Yorkfield
Wolfdale-DP
Harpertown
Dunnington
Bonnell / Saltwell
Silverthorne
Diamondville
Lincroft
Tunnel Creek
Cedarview
Cloverview
Nehalem / Westmere
Clarksfield
Jasper Forest
Gainestown (Nehalem-EP)
Beckton (Nehalem-EX)
Arrandale
Gulftown (Westmere-EP)
Westmere-EX
Sandy Bridge / Ivy Bridge
Sandy Bridge-E
Ivy Bridge
Ivy Bridge-EP
Ivy Bridge-EX
Haswell / Broadwell
Broadwell
Silvermont / Airmont
Anniedale
Cherryview
Skylake / Cannonlake
Cannonlake
Intel software
Items in italics are no longer maintained or have planned end-of-life dates.
Parallel Studio
C++ Compiler
Fortran Compiler
Parallel Advisor
Parallel Inspector
VTune
Array Visualizer
Cilk Plus
Integrated Performance Primitives (IPP)
Math Kernel Library (MKL)
Threading Building Blocks (TBB)
Concurrent Collections for C++ (CnC)
Parallel Building Blocks (PBB)
Intel Array Building Blocks (ArBB)
Moblin
AppUp
non-Intel branded
Telekinesys Research
Personal Firewall Plus
SiteAdvisor
VirusScan
LinuxShield
Intel technology
Centrino 2
CULV
Skulltrail
Common Building Block
MultiProcessor Specification
Intel Communication Streaming Architecture
Intel Inboard 386
Intel Play
MMC-1
System Management Bus
Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
x2APIC
Active Management Technology
AMT versions
Hub Architecture
Matrix RAID
I/O Controller Hub
SpeedStep
Serial Digital Video Out
Host Embedded Controller Interface
Platform Environment Control Interface
QuickPath Interconnect
Platform Controller Hub
Intel TeraHertz
Silicon Photonics Link
Hoover's
Intel official website
Intel at DMOZ
Intel Developer Zone
Intel Vintage Info.
Intel demonstrated at CES 2014, wearable devices makes us more smarter with smart wirelesscharging, smart onesie, smart watch and Intel Edison.
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^ "Intel SSD Pro 1500 Series Product Brief". August 2013. Retrieved Sep 9, 2013.
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^ "Intel NVM Data Center SSD Product Brief". Intel. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
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^ "iWarp Project".
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^ "Ex-Intel Engineer Sentenced to Prison Term". The New York Times. June 25, 1996. Retrieved July 12, 2007.
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^ Jobs: New Intel Macs are 'screamers' news.com
^ Bhagat, Nancy (July 31, 2007). "Views@Intel – Sprinter Ad (Blog post)". blogs.intel.com. Intel Corporation. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
^ MacDonald, Don. "Apologies from Intel for Sprinter Ad". Intel Corporation. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
^ Lemon, Sumner. "Intel's Classmate PC Enrolls". PC World. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
^ "2011 Excellence in Design Awards". EID Awards. Appliance Design. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
^ "Spark Award 2008". Spark Awards. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
^ "iF design award china 2008". International Design Forum Hanover. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
^ CPU World. "Intel mobile CPUs to launch in June 2011." CPU World. Jun 16, 2011. Retrieved Jun 20, 2011.
^ Jeffrey Burt, eWeek. "Intel Gains Chip Market Share Due to Sandy Bridge: IHS iSuppli." September 28, 2011. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
^ Brooke Crothers, CNET. "Intel maps out tablet plans through 2014." Jun 30, 2011. Retrieved Jul 1, 2011.
^ Agam Shah, IDG News. "Intel's New Smartphone Chip Is Key ARM Battle." Jun 7, 2011. Retrieved Jul 8, 2011.
^ WILL KNIGHT, Technology Review. "Intel Chases a More Power-Efficient Future." Sep 14, 2011. Retrieved Sep 19, 2011.
^ Chris Nuttall, Financial Times. "Intel and Google form Android chip alliance." Sep 13, 2011. Retrieved Sep 19, 2011.
^ All Geek. "Intel to Officially Support Android 2.3 Gingerbread by January 2012." Sep 12, 2011. Retrieved Sep 19, 2011.
^ James Niccolai, IDG News. "Intel Adds Sensors to Aid Data Center Cooling." PC World. July 8, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ Rick Merritt, EE Times. "Intel describes 22nm Ivy Bridge CPUs." September 13, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
^ Peter Sayer, IDG News. "Intel Hopes POEM Will Encourage Office Staff to Save Energy." PC World. July 8, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
^ Radu Tyrsina, Mobile Mag. "Intel working on streaming video car alarm systems." August 2, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
^ DON CLARK; JOANN S. LUBLIN (2 May 2013). "Intel's CEO Pick Is Predictable, but Not Its No. 2". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
^ Tom Foremski (1 May 2013). "Meet Intel's King Makers - A Truly Exemplary Board Of Directors". Silicon Valley Watcher. Tom Foremski. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
^ "Intel supone el 4,9 por ciento del PIB de Costa Rica" (in Spanish). El Economista. October 6, 2006. Retrieved April 13, 2008.
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^ Suh, Elizabeth (October 28, 2007). Home of Oregon's largest employer and much more. The Oregonian.
^ Mads Ølholm, semiaccurate. "Intel: Chinese microprocessor development inefficient." Jun 13, 2011. Retrieved Jun 20, 2011.
^ Peter Clarke, EE Times. "Israel offers Intel $290 million for expansion." July 27, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
^ "Intel to cut more than 5,000 employees". Venture Beat. January 18, 2014.
^ IsraelBizReg - Israel Company Profiles. "Intel to invest $6 billion in Israel in unprecedented deal." May 8, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
^ "Jobs at Intel – Diversity". Intel Corporation. Retrieved July 28, 2007.
^ "Intel mulls branding for handheld chips".
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^ "Intel 2010 Annual Report". Intel. 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
^ Shah, Agam. "Intel's Chip Renaming Strategy Meets Resistance".
^ a b Hachman, Mark (June 17, 2009). "Intel Simplifying its Processor Branding".
^ Anton Shilov, XBitLabs. "Intel Quietly Starts to Sell New "Unlocked" Core i7 Chip." October 24, 2011. Retrieved October 26, 2011.
^ "01.org". 01.org. Retrieved Nov 26, 2014.
^ "FreeBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual". freebsd.org. The FreeBSD Project. November 27, 2005. Retrieved August 5, 2007.
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^ Robertson, Michael (March 19, 2003). """Is Intel's "Centrino" Techno-Latin for "No Linux?. michaelrobertson.com. Retrieved August 5, 2007.
^ "Intel: Only "Open" for Business".
^ Corrales Comment 4/8/07 Corrales Comment – Intel Air Pollution Permit Revision Expected
^ Corrales Comment 11/25/2006 Intel Pollution Unresolved.
^ Corrales Comment: Intel Pollution Control Shut Down Probed
^ Intel Corporate Responsibility Report. Intel.com. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
^ Lezhnev, Sasha; Alex Hellmuth (Aug 2012). "Taking Conflict Out of Consumer Gadgets: Company Rankings on Conflict Minerals 2012" (PDF).
^ Miller, Joe (7 January 2014). "Intel vows to stop using 'conflict minerals' in new chips". www.bbc.co.uk. The BBC. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
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^ "Intel Sued for Discrimination", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Jan. 30, 1993, B-12.
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^ Weinberg, Neal (September 14, 1998). "Help Wanted: Older workers need not apply". CNN Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
^ Goodin, Dan (Apr. 28, 1999) "Court blocks former Intel employee's spam". CNET News. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
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^ Johnson, Eric. "Under Pressure From Gamers, Intel Pulls Advertising From Gamasutra". Re/code. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
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^ McCormick, Rich. "Intel buckles to anti-feminist campaign by pulling ads from gaming site". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
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On July 22, 2010, Dell agreed to a settlement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to pay $100M in penalties resulting from charges that Dell did not accurately disclose accounting information to investors. In particular, the SEC charged that from 2002 to 2006, Dell had an agreement with Intel to receive rebates in exchange for not using chips manufactured by AMD. These substantial rebates were not disclosed to investors, but were used to help meet investor expectations regarding the company's financial performance; "These exclusivity payments grew from 10 percent of Dell's operating income in FY 2003 to 38 percent in FY 2006, and peaked at 76 percent in the first quarter of FY 2007.".[266] Dell eventually did adopt AMD as a secondary supplier in 2006, and Intel subsequently stopped their rebates, causing Dell's financial performance to fall.[267][268][269]
In November 2009, following a two-year investigation, New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo sued Intel, accusing them of bribery and coercion, claiming that Intel bribed computer makers to buy more of their chips than those of their rivals, and threatened to withdraw these payments if the computer makers were perceived as working too closely with its competitors. Intel has denied these claims.[265]
New York started an investigation of Intel in January 2008 on whether the company violated antitrust laws in pricing and sales of its microprocessors.[259] In June 2008, the Federal Trade Commission also began an antitrust investigation of the case.[260] In December 2009, the FTC announced it would initiate an administrative proceeding against Intel in September 2010.[261][262][263][264]
In September 2007, South Korean regulators accused Intel of breaking antitrust law. The investigation began in February 2006, when officials raided Intel's South Korean offices. The company risked a penalty of up to 3% of its annual sales, if found guilty.[257] In June 2008, the Fair Trade Commission ordered Intel to pay a fine of US$25.5 million for taking advantage of its dominant position to offer incentives to major Korean PC manufacturers on the condition of not buying products from AMD.[258]
In February 2008, Intel stated that its office in Munich had been raided by European Union regulators. Intel reported that it was cooperating with investigators.[249] Intel faced a fine of up to 10% of its annual revenue, if found guilty of stifling competition.[250] AMD subsequently launched a website promoting these allegations.[251][252] In June 2008, the EU filed new charges against Intel.[253] In May 2009, the EU found that Intel had engaged in anti-competitive practices and subsequently fined Intel €1.06 billion (US$1.44 billion), a record amount. Intel was found to have paid companies, including Acer, Dell, HP, Lenovo and NEC,[254] to exclusively use Intel chips in their products, and therefore harmed other companies including AMD.[254][255][256] The European Commission said that Intel had deliberately acted to keep competitors out of the computer chip market and in doing so had made a "serious and sustained violation of the EU's antitrust rules".[254] In addition to the fine, Intel was ordered by the Commission to immediately cease all illegal practices.[254] Intel has stated that they will appeal against the Commission's verdict. In June 2014, the General Court, which sits below the European Court of Justice, rejected the appeal.[254]
In July 2007, the European Commission accused Intel of anti-competitive practices, mostly against AMD.[246] The allegations, going back to 2003, include giving preferential prices to computer makers buying most or all of their chips from Intel, paying computer makers to delay or cancel the launch of products using AMD chips, and providing chips at below standard cost to governments and educational institutions.[247] Intel responded that the allegations were unfounded and instead qualified its market behavior as consumer-friendly.[247] General counsel Bruce Sewell responded that the Commission had misunderstood some factual assumptions as to pricing and manufacturing costs.[248]
In 2005, the local Fair Trade Commission found that Intel violated the Japanese Antimonopoly Act. The commission ordered Intel to eliminate discounts that had discriminated against AMD. To avoid a trial, Intel agreed to comply with the order.[242][243][244][245]
Anti-competitive allegations
An antitrust lawsuit and a class-action suit relating to cold calling employees of other companies were settled out of court. [241]
On November 12, 2009, AMD agreed to drop the antitrust lawsuit against Intel in exchange for $1.25 billion.[236] A joint press release published by the two chip makers stated "While the relationship between the two companies has been difficult in the past, this agreement ends the legal disputes and enables the companies to focus all of our efforts on product innovation and development."[239][240]
On November 4, 2009, New York's attorney general filed an antitrust lawsuit against Intel Corp, claiming the company used "illegal threats and collusion" to dominate the market for computer microprocessors.
In October 2006, a Transmeta lawsuit was filed against Intel for patent infringement on computer architecture and power efficiency technologies.[237] The lawsuit was settled in October 2007, with Intel agreeing to pay US$150 million initially and US$20 million per year for the next five years. Both companies agreed to drop lawsuits against each other, while Intel was granted a perpetual non-exclusive license to use current and future patented Transmeta technologies in its chips for 10 years.[238]
In September 2005, Intel filed a response to an AMD lawsuit,[231] disputing AMD's claims, and claiming that Intel's business practices are fair and lawful. In a rebuttal, Intel deconstructed AMD's offensive strategy and argued that AMD struggled largely as a result of its own bad business decisions, including underinvestment in essential manufacturing capacity and excessive reliance on contracting out chip foundries.[232] Legal analysts predicted the lawsuit would drag on for a number of years, since Intel's initial response indicated its unwillingness to settle with AMD.[233][234] In 2008 a court date was finally set,[235] but in 2009 Intel settled with a $1.25 billion payout to AMD (see below).[236]
Intel has often been accused by competitors of using legal claims to thwart competition. Intel claims that it is defending its intellectual property. Intel has been plaintiff and defendant in numerous legal actions.
The only major competitor in the x86 processor market is Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), with which Intel has had full cross-licensing agreements since 1976: each partner can use the other's patented technological innovations without charge after a certain time.[227] However, the cross-licensing agreement is canceled in the event of an AMD bankruptcy or takeover.[228] Some smaller competitors such as VIA and Transmeta produce low-power x86 processors for small factor computers and portable equipment. However, the advent of such mobile computing devices, in particular, smartphones, has in recent years led to a decline in PC sales. This is seen as the main reason for Intel's 2013 Q1 net income drop of 25%.[229] As over 95% of the world's smartphones are currently powered by processors designed by ARM Holdings, this company has become a major competitor for Intel's processor market. ARM is also planning to make inroads into the PC and server market.[230]
Competitors in PC chip sets include AMD, VIA Technologies, SiS, and Nvidia. Intel's competitors in networking include Freescale, Infineon, Broadcom, Marvell Technology Group and AMCC, and competitors in flash memory include Spansion, Samsung, Qimonda, Toshiba, STMicroelectronics, and Hynix.
In the 1980s, Intel was among the top ten sellers of semiconductors (10th in 1987) in the world. In 1991, Intel became the biggest chip maker by revenue and has held the position ever since. Other top semiconductor companies include TSMC, Advanced Micro Devices, Samsung, Texas Instruments, Toshiba and STMicroelectronics.
As part of Operation Disrespectful Nod, supporters of the Gamergate movement pressured Intel to remove advertising from the website Gamasutra in response to an article about Gamergate. Around October 1, 2014, they were successful and Intel removed its advertising from Gamasutra.[221][222] This was criticized by multiple journalists, who described it as "an unbelievable and embarrassing act of ignorance and cowardice"[223] and "a kneejerk reaction by the company so desperate to avoid bad press that it didn't look at the human cost of the operation".[224] On October 3, 2014, Intel issued an apology for pulling the advertising, stating, "we recognize that our action inadvertently created a perception that we are somehow taking sides in an increasingly bitter debate in the gaming community. That was not our intent, and that is not the case." [225] However, Intel did not restore advertising to Gamasutra,[226] and therefore some critics described the apology as "laughable".[223]
Gamergate controversy
A group called FACE Intel (Former and Current Employees of Intel) claims that Intel weeds out older employees. FACE Intel claims that more than 90 percent of people who have been laid off or fired from Intel are over the age of 40. Upside magazine requested data from Intel breaking out its hiring and firing by age, but the company declined to provide any.[218] Intel has denied that age plays any role in Intel's employment practices.[219] FACE Intel was founded by Ken Hamidi, who was fired from Intel in 1995 at the age of 47.[218] Hamidi was blocked in a 1999 court decision from using Intel's email system to distribute criticism of the company to employees,[220] which overturned in 2003 in Intel Corp. v. Hamidi.
Intel has faced complaints of age discrimination in firing and layoffs. Intel was sued in 1993 by nine former employees, over allegations that they were laid off because they were over the age of 40.[217]
Orthodox Jews have protested against Intel operating in Israel on Saturday, Shabbat. Intel ringed its office with barbed wire before the protest, but there was no violence.[216] As of December 2009, the situation has been stable for Intel Israel while some employees reported working overtime on Shabbat.
Religious controversy
In its 2012 rankings on the progress of consumer electronics companies relating to conflict minerals, the Enough Project rated Intel the best of 24 companies, calling it a "Pioneer of progress".[214] In 2014, chief executive Brian Krzanich urged the rest of the industry to follow Intel's lead by also shunning conflict minerals.[215]
Intel's environmental performance is published annually in their corporate responsibility report.[213]
Another resident alleges that Intel was responsible for the release of other VOCs from their Rio Rancho site and that a necropsy of lung tissue from two deceased dogs in the area indicated trace amounts of toluene, hexane, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers,[211] all of which are solvents used in industrial settings but also commonly found in gasoline, retail paint thinners and retail solvents. During a sub-committee meeting of the New Mexico Environment Improvement Board, a resident claimed that Intel's own reports documented more than 1,580 pounds (720 kg) of VOCs were released in June and July 2006.[212]
Intel has been accused by some residents of VOCs to be released in excess of their pollution permit. One resident claimed that a release of 1.4 tons of carbon tetrachloride was measured from one acid scrubber during the fourth quarter of 2003 but an emission factor allowed Intel to report no carbon tetrachloride emissions for all of 2003.[210]
Corporate responsibility record
However, after the release of the wireless products called Intel Pro/Wireless 2100, 2200BG/2225BG/2915ABG and 3945ABG in 2005, Intel was criticized for not granting free redistribution rights for the firmware that must be included in the operating system for the wireless devices to operate.[207] As a result of this, Intel became a target of campaigns to allow free operating systems to include binary firmware on terms acceptable to the open source community. Linspire-Linux creator Michael Robertson outlined the difficult position that Intel was in releasing to open source, as Intel did not want to upset their large customer Microsoft.[208] Theo de Raadt of OpenBSD also claimed that Intel is being "an Open Source fraud" after an Intel employee presented a distorted view of the situation at an open-source conference.[209] In spite of the significant negative attention Intel received as a result of the wireless dealings, the binary firmware still has not gained a license compatible with free software principles.