 Sarcophagus with figures of Bacchus, Ariadne and Hercules (c.210)
European Paintings: 8th - 16th Century
The museum owns a small collection of Byzantine Art, mainly icon paintings and mosaic art, as well as a collection of Renaissance paintings. Painters represented include Sienese painter Sassetta (c.1450), Umbrian School artist Perugino (1446/50-1523), Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510), Italian Mannerist Il Bronzino (1503-72) and Paolo Veronese (1528-88). Paintings from the Netherlandish Renaissance and German Renaissance (c.1400-1580) are also represented, including those by painter and woodcut printmaker Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472-1553). Paintings of particular note include:
 The Annunciation by Botticelli, tempera on panel (1490s)
 Madonna and Child by Lucas Cranach the Elder (c.1525)
See also Russian medieval painting, notably the celebrated Novgorod school of icon painting, and read about the three greatest painters: Theophanes the Greek (c.1340-1410), Andrei Rublev (c.1360-1430), and Dionysius (c.1440-1502).
European Paintings: 17th - 18th Century
This is one of the major groups of paintings in the museum's picture gallery. It includes some of the greatest genre paintings and greatest portrait paintings of the European school, and illustrates most of the movements of the era. Artists represented include painter and printmaker Rembrandt (1606-69), Dutch landscapist Jacob van Ruisdael (1628-82), Flemish Baroque artist Sir Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) and Jacob Jordaens (1593-1678); as well as vedute painters Canaletto (1697-1768) and Francesco Guardi (1712-93), Spanish painter Francisco Zurbaran (1598-1664), Bartolome Murillo (1617-82), Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665) and Francois Boucher (1703-1770).
See also: Russian Painting of the 18th Century.
 Breakfast (1646) by Pieter Claesz.
 Rinaldo and Armida (1625-26) by Nicolas Poussin.
 Hercules and Omphale by Francois Boucher.
European Paintings: Early and Mid 19th Century
The first half of the 19th century was characterized by changing and developing artistic trends. This is reflected in the museum's collection. While classicism was still highly regarded, romanticism and realism were making an appearance. The great French Romantic Masters, Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863) and artist/lithographer Theodore Gericault (1791-1824) are represented in the collection, as well as European landscape painting reformers John Constable (1776-1837) and Jean Baptiste Camille Corot (1796-1875). There are also works by the Barbizon school as well as by realist artists such as Gustave Courbet (1819-77) and Jean-Francois Millet (1814-75), and the German Romantic landscape painter Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840).
 View of Highgate (c.1830) by John Constable.
 Hay Wagon (c.1860) by Corot.
 Andromache Lamenting Hector (1783) by Jacques Louis David (1748-1825).
Paintings: Late 19th Century and Early 20th Century
When the New Western Art museum was shut in 1948, its highly developed collection of French painting from the 19th/20th century was split between the Pushkin and the Hermitage museum. The Pushkin received paintings of rare artistic and historical value covering art movements such as Impressionism, Neo-Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Pointillism, Divisionism, Les Nabis and Primitivism. Artists in the collection include Claude Monet (1840-1926), Renoir (1841-1919), Degas (1834-1917), Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Alfred Sisley (1839-99), Cezanne (1839-1906), Van Gogh (1853-90), Paul Gauguin (1848-1903), Pierre Bonnard (1867-1947), Edouard Vuillard (1868-1940), Maurice Denis (1870-1943), Matisse (1869-1954) and Picasso (1881-1973). Among the highlights of the collection is Van Gogh's The Red Vineyard (1888, Le Vigne Rouge) which is reportedly the only painting sold by the artist in his lifetime.
 Boulevard de Capucines, Paris (1873) by Monet.
 Pierrot and Harlequin (1888-90) by Cezanne.
 The Girl on a Ball (1905) by Picasso.
 Improvisation No.20 (1911) by Wassily Kandinsky.
In 1924 the Graphic Arts department was added to the museum, founded with 20,000 prints which were donated from the Hermitage museum. Today, it contains about 400,000 drawings, illustrated books, engravings, posters, applied graphics and ex-libris prints from all over the world and all periods of art history. Among them are works from great masters including Albrecht Durer (1471-1528), Rembrandt, and creators of Japanese Ukiyo-e woodblock prints like Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) and Hiroshige (1797-1858).