Repetition as an Existential Experience (Freud, Nietzsche, Kierkegaard)
P. Bursztyka
Przeglad Filozoficzny - Nowa Seria (Philosophical Review - New Series) > 2004 > 13 > 1(49) > 107-123
The leading question of the article is whether repetition can safeguard what is particular from being subsumed under the universal. To this query, a related problem is appended, of whether an individual can be freed from the strictures of history, and whether history allows repetition occasionally failing to obliterate all that has already occurred. In other words repetition is presented as a space...
Memory and Consciousness according to Henri Ey
B. Pytkowska
The French psychiatrist and philosopher, Henry Ey, refers to memory in the attempt to understand the structure of human mental life. Memory, says Ey, supplies the essential dimension of the structure of the conscious being. Thus in order to understand what it is like to have memory it is necessary to analyse the structure of mind. Drawing from his clinical experience Ey offers a theory of human nature...
Judaism and the Commandment: 'Thou shall remember!'
S. Krajewski
The heritage of Judaism is stronger than standard religious practices, says the author. This heritage is established by the injunction: 'Remember!'. It must be conceded that no generation is capable of transmitting all important aspects of its life to posterity. Because this is true, no community can trace back its heritage to its origins. But there are those who make an effort to immortalise their...
The Concept of Memory in 'Matter and Memory' by Henri Bergson
P. Herbich
Przeglad Filozoficzny - Nowa Seria (Philosophical Review - New Series) > 2004 > 13 > 1(49) > 61-75
Relying on two works - 'Matter and Memory' and a study on dreams - the author traces implications of Bergson's metaphysical assumptions. They seem to support not only Bergson's epistemological tenets but also his neurobiological hypotheses. The entire structure of Bergson's philosophy is reviewed in this process - the conception of duration, critique of the spatial projection of mental imagery, the...
The Function of Memory in Walter Benjamin's Philosophy
P. Schollenberger
For Walter Benjamin the problem of memory is the problem of interpretation. He was intrigued by the question if we are equipped with one memory that allows for various competing versions of the past (as was the case of Marcel Proust, carefully analysed by Benjamin) or whether the plural interpretation of the past is irreducible, because memory, entangled by its complicated relations to language and...
The Phenomenon of Memory in Film--the Case of the' Mirror' Directed by Andriei Tarkovski
M. Kozlowski
In this movie the plot is constructed by the thoughts of the narrator. They follow two patters. In the first case a current event is shown as connected with past occurrences. The narrator's mother talks with him on the phone and reminiscences about her former boss who recently died. In the second case two events are connected by spatio-temporal contiguity. The narrator's son is asked by an elderly...
The Project of New Philosophy vis-a-vis Memory in the Thought of Edward Abramowski
A. Stepnik
Przeglad Filozoficzny - Nowa Seria (Philosophical Review - New Series) > 2004 > 13 > 1(49) > 95-105
The articles focuses on the role of memory in the project of experiential metaphysics and offers a critical analysis of Edward Abramowski's philosophy. In the framework of that undertaking memory has been characterised and defined by its relation to unconsciousness and perception. Essentially memory is presented as a necessary condition for the agnostic experience which is the foundation of experiential...
Memory as an Intentional Act
P. Szalek
Psychological research has shown that the concept of memory is multifaceted. Various aspects of memory come to the fore in different psychological theories. Memory can be identified by the process of association, by its holistic function, its embedding in tradtion or as a mental act. Several of these perspectives can be reconciled and subsumed under one conception by the idea of intentional memory...
Forgetting in Being and Time
K. Jaworski
In Martin Heidegger's philosophy human life is not defined essentially, on the contrary it is contingent. This means that it does not count among numerous existing entities, but is Dasein, ie. a searching and undetermined form of being. As such it is limited in time and space, and it strives towards something beyond its current condition. Although Dasein perceives itself mainly by remembrance of its...
The Phenomenon of Memory according to Ludwig Binswanger
Ludwig Binswanger has a special position in contemporary psychology. His analysis of memory is used by him to investigate existential assumptions that serve as ontological preconditions for all mental functions. Binswanger relies on Martin Heidegger's philosophy and this approach saves him from having to face numerous dilemmas that typically turn up in the borderline area between psychotherapy and...
George Edelman is introduced as a neurobiologist who believes that all investigation of mind, consciousness and human condition in general must take into account the fact of the evolution. This ontology presupposed a specific ontology. Life on earth cannot be described by reference to physical laws only. Due to the Evolution ever more complicated systems are brought forth, and their constitution cannot...
Exposition of Wounds--Expanses of Memory in the Work of Joseph Beuys
L. Nader
The author offers an analysis of selected aspects of the art of Joseph Beuys focusing on his treatment of memory. Memory, argues the author, can be conceived after Sigmund Freud as an active structure embedded in psyche, or after Mircea Eliade as a power to bring us back to our origins in order to give us a chance to achieve a mystic rebirth. In the case of Beuys, says the author, memory appears both...
National Memory as a Philosophical Problem
G. Pyszczek
What is national memory? The author begins his reflections by focusing on collective memory in general, and he claims that national memory is a specific example of a wide case. In his opinion it is essential for collective memory to have a spokesman that can be considered a socially credible witness. The witness must identify with the group and must have the power to speak for the group. The group...
Truth Brought Back from Oblivion in Plato's Philosophy
A. Burek
Two essential concepts of Plato's philosophy are brought into focus - anamnesis and truth. Anamnesis is interpreted as a mental presentation of thought that already fell into oblivion. This interpretation is brought out by linguistic analysis, as anamnesis means reverting the process of forgetting. In Plato, the immortal soul moves from the spiritual world to the corporal world and carries with itself...
Collective Memory in the 'Lava' by Tadeusz Konwicki
The concept of 'condensed history' developed by John Sundholm is used to analyse the movie 'Lava' by Tadeusz Konwicki. By using this concept it can be shown, on one hand, how the collective memory of social groups and nations is created, and, on the other hand, how a work of art can affect that memory. The author concentrates on the text of the Dziady by Adam Mickiewicz, and shows how it has been...
Anamnesis in Roman-Catholic Theology: 'Do It in Memory of Me!'
M. Nowak
Anamnesis is one of the central categories in the liturgy of the Roman-Catholic Church. But it is more than a purely conscious phenomenon. It is acting with the intention of keeping a tradition alive. This tradition gives a redeeming value to the re-enactment of past events. The purpose of the article is to show how 'anamnesis' of the Gospel is related to the terms of 'zikaron' and 'azkara' of the...
Rationality--Human Individual--Action
D. Aleksandrowicz
The rational choice theory pretends to explain human behaviour. It is not clear, however, that the theory can accomplish this task without first justifying a broader conception of rationality. Is it rational to maximise profits or to minimise risks? It seems that the theory must adopt some such limiting assumptions, by replacing, for instance, 'expected payoffs' by 'subjectively perceived advantages',...
The Significance of Memory
Z. Rosinska
Przeglad Filozoficzny - Nowa Seria (Philosophical Review - New Series) > 2004 > 13 > 1(49) > 9-21
The discourse about memory has either a passive or an active character. In the passive version memory is not more than an imprint or a trace of impressions and thoughts. In the active version memory is a result of inner processes that transform impressions and thoughts. In passive memory the central metaphor is a wax tablet, in active memory the metaphor is a spoonful of milk poured into a glass of...
Between the Ball Room and the Cathedral--On Memory in Marcel Proust
T. Mazur
Various functions of memory are discussed one by one in order to show how a particularly talented and sensitive individual can be obsessed by recollections. The author follows Lacan in developing a conception of the unconscious that has a linguistic structure and operates on significant forms that are the source of meanings. Consciousness on the other hand is preoccupied with reduction of meanings...
Being in F.W.J. Schelling's Philosophy
K. Filutowska
Relying on the philosophy of narrative the author focuses on Schelling's ontology. She presents the question of aestheticism and epistemological empiricism in Kant's philosophy, which means that she begins from the enfeeblement of reason also defined as depotentialisation of the philosophy of the subject. She shows how this topic is treated by Schelling in his System of Transcendental Idealism, and...
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