St . Stephen ' s Cathedral , ViennaBasic information 1945 년 4 월 빈 전투 기간 에 불타 없 어 져 1952 년 다시 건축 되 었 다 . 1147 년 후기 로마네스크 양식 으로 지 어 진 이 성당 은 1258 년 불 에 타 서쪽 벽 만 이 남 아 있 었 다 . 그 뒤 고딕 양식 의 네 이브 [ 身 廊 ] 가 1304 ~ 1450 년 에 세워졌 고 , 남쪽 트랜셉트 에 있 는 고딕 양식 의 탑 과 뾰족탑 은 1433 년 에 완성 되 었 다 . 채색 된 지그재그 식 지붕 이 두드러진 특징 이 다 . St . Stephen ' s Cathedral ( German : Stephansdom ) is the mother church of the Archdiocese of Vienna and the seat of the Archbishop of Vienna , Christoph Cardinal Schönborn , OP . Its current Romanesque and Gothic form seen today , situated at the heart of Vienna , Austria in the Stephansplatz , was largely initiated by Rudolf IV and stands on the ruins of two earlier churches , the first being a parish church consecrated in 1147 . As the most important religious building in Austria ' s capital , the cathedral has born witness to many important events in that nation ' s history and has become one of the city ' s most recognizable symbols . By the middle of the 12 th century , Vienna had become an important centre of German civilization in eastern Europe , and the four existing churches , including only one parish church , no longer met the town ' s religious needs . In 1137 , Bishop of Passau Reginmar and Margrave Leopold IV signed the Treaty of Mautern , which referred to Vienna as a Civitas for the first time and transferred the Church of St . Peter to the Diocese of Passau . Under the Treaty , Margrave Leopold IV also received from the Bishop extended stretches of land beyond the city walls , with the notable exception of the territory allocated for the new parish church which would eventually become St . Stephen ' s Cathedral . Although previously believed to have been built in an open field outside the city walls , the new parish church was in actuality likely built on an ancient cemetery dating back to Ancient Roman times ; excavations for a heating system in 2000 revealed graves , 2 . 5 meters below the surface , which were carbon - dated to the 4 th century . [ citation needed ] This discovery suggests that an even older religious building predated the Ruprechtskirche , which is considered today to be the oldest church in Vienna . Founded in 1137 following the Treaty of Mautern , the partially - constructed Romanesque church was solemnly dedicated in 1147 to St . Stephen in the presence of Conrad III of Germany , Bishop Otto of Freising , and other German nobles who were about to embark on the Second Crusade . [ 5 ] Although the first structure was completed in 1160 [ 4 ] , major reconstruction and expansion lasted until 1511 , and repair and restoration projects continue to the present day . From 1230 to 1245 , the initial Romanesque structure was extended westward ; the present - day west wall and Roman towers date from this period . In 1258 , however , a great fire destroyed much of the original building , and a larger replacement structure , also Romanesque in style and reusing the Roman towers , was constructed over the ruins of the old church and consecrated on 23 April 1263 . The anniversary of this second consecration is commemorated each year by a rare ringing of the Pummerin bell for three minutes in the evening . In 1304 , Albert I ordered a Gothic three - nave choir to be constructed east of the church , wide enough to meet the tips of the old transepts . Under his son Albert II , work continued on the Albertine choir , which was consecrated in 1340 on the 77 th anniversary of the previous consecration . The middle nave is largely dedicated to St . Stephen and All Saints , while St . Mary and the Apostles provide motifs for the north and south nave , respectively . The choir was again expanded under the reign of Albert II ' s son , Rudolf IV , the Founder , to increase the religious clout of Vienna . on 7 April 1359 , Rudolf IV laid in the vicinity of the present south tower the cornerstone for a westward Gothic extension of the Albertine choir . This expansion would eventually encapsulate the entirety of the old church , and in 1430 , the edifice of the old church was removed from within as work progressed on the new cathedral . The south tower was completed in 1433 , and the vaulting of the nave — begun in 1446 — was complete in 1474 . The foundation for a north tower was laid in 1450 , but its construction was abandoned when major work on the cathedral ceased in 1511 . In 1365 , just six years after beginning the Gothic extension of the Albertine choir , Rudolf IV disregarded St . Stephen ' s status as a mere parish church and presumptuously established a chapter of canons befitting a large cathedral . This move was only the first step in fulfilling Vienna ' s long - held desire to obtain its own diocese ; in 1469 , Frederick III , Holy Roman Emperor prevailed upon Pope Paul II to grant Vienna its own bishop , to be appointed by the emperor . Despite long - standing resistance by the Bishops of Passau , who did not wish to lose control of the area , the Diocese of Vienna was canonically established on 18 January 1469 , with St . Stephen ' s Cathedral as it ' s the mother church . In 1722 during the reign of Karl VI , the see was elevated to an archbishopric by Pope Innocent XIII . [ 4 ] St . Stephen ' s Cathedral ( 1912 ) During World War II , St . Stephen ' s Cathedral was saved from intentional destruction at the hands of retreating German forces when Captain Gerhard Klinkicht disregarded orders from the city commandant , Sepp Dietrich , to " fire a hundred shells and leave it in just debris and ashes . " on 12 April 1945 , however , fires from nearby shops — started by civilian plunderers as Russian troops entered the city — were carried to the cathedral by wind , severely damaging the roof and causing it to collapse . Fortunately , protective brick shells built around the pulpit , Frederick III ' s tomb , and other treasures , minimized damage to the most valuable artworks . The beautifully carved 1487 Rollinger choir stalls , however , could not be saved . Rebuilding began immediately , with a limited reopening on 12 December 1948 and a full reopening on 23 April 1952 . ExteriorThe church was dedicated to St . Stephen , who was also the patron of the bishop ' s cathedral in Passau , and so was oriented toward the sunrise on his feast day of 26 December , as the position stood in the year that construction began . Built of limestone , the cathedral is 107 meters ( 350 ft ) long , 40 meters ( 131 ft ) wide , and 136 meters ( 445 ft ) tall at its highest point . Over the centuries , soot and other forms of air pollution accumulating on the church have given it a black color , but recent restoration projects have again returned the building to its original white The Roman Towers on the west front . The arch between them is not the Giant ' s Door , but the large window above that door . TowersStanding at 136 meters tall ( 445 ft ) and affectionately referred to by the city ' s inhabitants as " Steffl " ( a diminutive form of " Stephen "), St . Stephen ' s Cathedral ' s massive south tower is its highest point and a dominant feature of the Vienna skyline . Its construction lasted 65 years , from 1368 to 1433 . During the Siege of Vienna in 1529 and again during the Battle of Vienna in 1683 , it served as the main observation and command post for the defense of the walled city , and it even contains an apartment for the watchmen who , until 1955 , manned the tower at night and rang the bells if a fire was spotted in the city . At the the tip of the tower stands the double - eagle imperial emblem with the Habsburg - Lorraine coat of arms on its chest , surmounted by a double - armed apostolic cross , which refers to Apostolic Majesty , the imperial style of kings of Hungary . The north tower was originally intended to mirror the south tower , but the design proved too ambitious , considering the era of Gothic cathedrals was nearing its end , and construction was halted in 1511 . In 1578 the tower - stump was augmented with a renaissance cap , nicknamed the " water tower top " by the Viennese . The tower now stands at 68 meters tall ( 223 ft ) , roughly half the height of the south tower . The main entrance to the church is named the Giant ' s Door , or Riesentor , referring to the bone of a mastodon that once hung over it . The tympanum above the Door depicts Christ Pantocrator flanked by two winged angels , while on the left and right are the two Roman towers , or Heidentürme , that each stand at approximately 65 meters ( 215 ft ) tall . The name for the towers derives from the fact that they were constructed from the rubble of old structures built by the Romans during their occupation of the area . Square at the base and octagonal above the roofline , the Heidentürme originally housed bells ; those in the south Roman tower were lost during World War II , but the north Roman tower remains an operational bell tower . The Roman towers , together with the Giant ' s Door , are the oldest parts of the church . 200 The Cathedral of St . Stephen , Brisbane , West FrontThe Cathedral of St . Stephen is one of the cornerstones in the history of the Catholic community of Brisbane . The cathedral was built between 1864 and 1922 , with extensions made in 1989 . In 1859 with the separation of Queensland , the Diocese of Brisbane was created with James Quinn as the first bishop . It was Quinn who planned to construct a large cathedral to accommodate a growing congregation and on the Feast of St Stephen ( 26 December ) in 1863 he laid the foundation stone for a grand cathedral designed by Benjamin Backhouse . The original design by Backhouse was changed and downsized numerous times over the course of the cathedral ' s completion , mainly due to economic reasons . DescriptionSt Stephen ' s is a gothic revival cathedral with a cruciform shape in plan . While this is a plain cathedral by comparison it still has a selection of striking features such as the spire topped sandstone towers , imported stained glass windows from Munich , the organ , the altar , and the newer Blessed Sacrament Chapel at the rear of the building . Of particular note is the stained glass window by Harry Clarke ( Ireland ) , known as the " Mayne " window , which is located above the sanctuary on the east wall . The cathedral is made predominantly of Brisbane tuff or porphyry and freestone . The Blessed sacrament chapel however is made from reinforced concrete and the restored spires from glass reinforced concrete . Restoration and RefurbishmentBy the 1980 s the cathedral had fallen into a state of disrepair . The interior layout of the building was also unsuitable for the new Catholic liturgy . When it became clear that the planned Holy Name Cathedral , whose construction had never proceeded beyond the completion of its crypt in 1934 , would not proceed , it was decided that St Stephen ' s and its grounds would undergo major refurbishment which would involve preserving the fabric of the building but replacing all furnishings and interior fittings . As part of the refurbishment the Cathedral grounds were enlarged and a carpark was built under the extended east end of the Cathedral . The last stage of the Cathedral restoration was completed in 2000 when the Jubilee Pipe Organ was installed above the sanctuary . The Cathedral GroundsIn addition to the Cathedral , the site bounded by Elizabeth Charlotte and Edward Streets contains numerous buildings that support the Cathedral and the Archdiocese of Brisbane . St . Stephen ' s Chapel stands immediately to the South of the Cathedral . The chapel was designed by A . Welby Pugin and built between 1847 and 1850 . The first Mass was celebrated in the completed building on 12 May 1850 . In June 1859 , it became the Cathedral for the first Bishop of Brisbane . It is the oldest Catholic church in Queensland . Old St . Stephen ' s School is a three level building facing Charlotte Street . This building was the location of St . Stephen ' s School until the 1960 s . The building now contains offices for the Archdiocese of Brisbane . The Francis Rush Centre was completed in July 2005 . The two story building is the location for the Cathedral administration Centre , the offices of the Bishops , the Choir Room and several function and meeting rooms . A new under cover , outdoor liturgical space was constructed as part of this development and facilitates special liturgies such as the Easter vigil and Palm Sunday . St . Stephen ' s roof mosaic . RoofA glory of St . Stephen ' s Cathedral is its ornately patterned , richly coloured roof , 111 meters ( 361 ft ) long , and covered by 230 , 000 glazed tiles . Above the choir on the south side of the building the tiles form a mosaic of the double - headed eagle that is symbolic of the empire ruled from Vienna by the Habsburg dynasty . on the north side the coats of arms of the City of Vienna and of the Republic of Austria are depicted . In 1945 , fire caused by World War II damage to nearby buildings leapt to the north tower of the cathedral and went on to destroy the wooden framework of the roof . Replicating the original bracing for so large a roof ( it rises 38 meters above the floor ) would have required an entire square kilometre of forest , so over 600 metric tons of steel bracing were used instead . The roof is so steep that it is sufficiently cleaned by the rain alone and is seldom covered by snow . BellsThe composer Ludwig van Beethoven discovered the totality of his deafness when he saw birds flying out of the bell tower as a result of the bells ' tolling but could not hear the bells . St . Stephen ' s Cathedral has 23 bells in total . The largest is officially named for St . Mary , but usually called Pummerin ( " Boomer ") and hangs in the north tower . At 20 , 130 kilograms ( 44 , 380 pounds ) , it is the largest in Austria and the second largest swinging bell in Europe ( after the 23 , 500 - kilogram ( 51 , 800 - pound ) Peter in Cologne Cathedral ) . Originally cast in 1711 from cannons captured from the Muslim invaders , it was recast ( partly from its original metal ) in 1951 after crashing onto the floor when its wooden cradle burned during the 1945 fire . The new bell has a diameter of 3 . 14 metres ( 9 . 6 ft ) ] ] and was a gift from the province of Upper Austria . It sounds on only a few special occasions each year , including the arrival of the new year . There are three other bells hanging in this tower , but they are older and no longer used . A peal of eleven electrically operated bells , cast in 1960 , hangs in the soaring south tower . Replacements for other ancient bells also lost in the 1945 fire , they are used during Masses at the cathedral : four are used for an ordinary Mass ; the quantity increases to as many as ten for a major holiday Mass ; and the eleventh and largest is added when the Cardinal Archbishop of Vienna himself is present . From the largest to the smallest , they are named the St . Stephen ( 5 , 700 kg ) ; St . Leopold ( 2 , 300 kg ) ; St . Christopher ( 1 , 350 kg ) ; St . Leonhard ( 950 kg ) ; St . Josef ( 700 kg ) ; St . Peter Canisius ( 400 kg ) ; St . Pius X ( 280 kg ) ; All Saints ( 200 kg ) ; St . Clement Maria Hofbauer ( 120 kg ) ; St . Michael ( 60 kg ) ; and St . Tarsicius ( 35 kg ) . Also in this tallest tower are the Primglocke ( recast in 1772 ) and the Uhrschälle ( cast in 1449 ) , which mark the passing of the hours . The north Roman tower contains six bells , five of which were cast in 1772 , that ring for evening prayers and toll for funerals . They are working bells of the cathedral and their names usually recall their original uses : Feuerin ( " fire alarm " but now used as a call to evening prayers ) cast in 1859 ; Kantnerin ( calling the cantors ( musicians ) to Mass ) ; Feringerin ( used for High Mass on Sundays ) ; Bieringerin ( " beer ringer " for last call at taverns ) ; Poor Souls ( the funeral bell ) ; and Churpötsch ( donated by the local curia in honor of the Maria Pötsch icon in the cathedral ) . The 1945 fire destroyed the bells that hung in the south Roman tower . Pulpit of John Capistrano . Official Viennese linen ell and drapery ell length standards embedded in the cathedral wall " Christ with a Toothache " ( Zahnweh - Herrgott ) at location CT . Fixtures on the outside wallsDuring the Middle Ages , major cities had their own set of measures and the public availability of these standards allowed visiting merchants to comply with local regulations . The official Viennese ell length standards for verifying the measure of different types of cloth sold are embedded in the cathedral wall , to the left of the main entrance . The linen ell , also called Viennese yard , ( 89 , 6 cm ) and the drapery ell ( 77 , 6 cm ) length standards consist of two iron bars . According to Franz Twaroch , the ratio between the linen ell and the drapery ell is exactly . [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The Viennese ells are mentioned for the first time in 1685 by the Canon Testarello della Massa in his book Beschreibung der ansehnlichen und berühmten St . Stephans - Domkirchen . [ 8 ] A memorial tablet ( near location SJC on the Plan below ) gives a detailed account of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ' s relationship with the cathedral , including the fact that he had been appointed an adjunct music director here shortly before his death . This was his parish church when he lived at the " Figaro House " and he was married here , two of his children were baptised here , and his funeral was held in the Chapel of the Cross ( at location PES ) inside . [ 9 ] The pulpit ( now outdoors at location SJC ) from which St . John Capistrano preached a crusade in 1454 to hold back Muslim invasions of Christian Europe . [ 10 ] The 18 th century Baroque statue shows St . Francis under an extravagant sunburst , trampling on a beaten Turk . This was the original cathedral ' s main pulpit inside until it was replaced by Pilgram ' s pulpit in 1515 . A figure of Christ ( at location CT ) affectionately known to the Viennese as " Christ with a toothache ", from the agonized ｅxpression of his face , various memorials from the time the area outside the cathedral was a cemetery and a recently - restored 15 th century sundial , on a flying buttress at the southwest corner ( location S ) can be seen . Interior Quality Maria Pocs IconThe Maria Pócs Icon [ [ MP ] ] is a Byzantine style icon of St . Mary with the child Jesus . the mother pointing to the child ( signifying " He is the way "), and the child holds a three - stemmed rose ( symbolizing the Holy Trinity ) and wears a prescient cross from his neck . This Marian icon takes its name from the Uniate church of Pócs ( Hungary ) ( pronounced Poach ) , from which it was translated to Vienna . The picture shows the Virgin Mary pointing to the child ( signifying " He is the way "), and the child holds a three - stemmed rose ( symbolizing the Holy Trinity ) and wears a prescient cross from his neck . The 50 x 70 cm icon was commissioned in 1676 from painter Istvan Papp by Laszlo Csigri upon his release as a prisoner of war from the Turks who were invading Hungary at the time . Perhaps Csigri was unable to pay the 6 - ducat fee , because the icon was bought by Laszlo Hurta who donated it to the church of MariaPócs . After two miraculous incidents in 1696 of the mother in the picture shedding real tears , Emperor Leopold I ordered to bring it to St . Stephen ' s Cathedral , where it would be safe from the French - supported Muslim armies that still controlled much of Hungary . Upon its arrival after a triumphal 5 - month journey in 1697 , Empress Eleonora Magdalena commissioned the splendid Rosa Mystica oklad and framework ( now one of several ) for it , and the Emperor personally ordered the icon placed near the High Altar in the front of the church , where it stood prominently from 1697 until 1945 . Since then , it has been in a different framework , above an altar under a medieval stone baldachin near the southwest corner of the nave — where the many burning candles indicate the extent of its veneration , especially by Hungarians . Since its arrival the picture has not been seen weeping again but other miracles and answered prayers have been attributed to it , including Prince Eugene of Savoy ' s victory over the Turks at Zenta few weeks after the icon ' s installation in the Stephandom . The residents of Pócs wanted their holy miracle - working painting returned , but the emperor sent them a copy instead . Since then , the copy has been reported to weep real tears and work miracles , so the village changed its name from merely Pócs to Máriapócs and has become an important pilgrimage site . The pulpit , with the sculptures of Saints Gregory , Jerome , and Augustine . The Fenstergucker . PulpitThe stone pulpit [ [ P ] ] is a masterwork of late gothic sculpture . Long attributed to Anton Pilgram , today Niclaes Gerhaert van Leyden is thought more likely to be the carver . So that the local language sermon could be better heard by the worshipers in the days before microphones and loud speakers , the pulpit stands against a pillar out in the nave , instead of in the chancel at the front of the church . The sides of the pulpit erupt like stylized petals from the stem supporting it . on those gothic petals are relief portraits of the four original Doctors of the Church ( St . Augustine of Hippo , St . Ambrose , St . Gregory the Great and St . Jerome ) , each of them in one of four different temperaments and in one of four different stages of life . The handrail of the stairway curving its way around the pillar from ground level to the pulpit has fantastic decorations of toads and lizards biting each other , symbolizing the fight of good against evil . At the top of the stairs , a stone puppy protects the preacher from intruders . Beneath the stairs is one of the most beloved symbols of the cathedral : a stone self - portrait of the unknown sculptor gawking ( German : gucken ) out of a window ( German : fenster ) and thus famously known as the Fenstergucker . The chisel in the subject ' s hand , and the stonemason ' s signature mark on the shield above the window let to the speculation that it could be a self - portrait of the sculptor . St . Catherine ' s chapel . ChapelsThere are several formal chapels in St . Stephen ' s Cathedral : St . Katherine ' s Chapel , in the base of the south tower , is the baptismal chapel . The 14 - sided baptismal font was completed in 1481 , and its cover was formerly the sound board above the famed pulpit in the main church . Its marble base shows the four Evangelists , while the niches of the basin feature the twelve apostles , Christ and St . Stephan . St . Barbara ' s Chapel , in the base of the north tower , is used for meditation and prayer . St . Eligius ' s Chapel , in the southeast corner , is open for prayer . The altar is dedicated to St . Valentine whose body ( one of three , held by various churches ) is in another chapel , upstairs . St . Bartholomew ' s Chapel , above St . Eligius ' Chapel , has recently been restored . The Chapel of the Cross [ [ PES ] ] , in the northeast corner , contains the burial place of Prince Eugene of Savoy in the vault containing 3 coffins and a heart urn , under a massive stone slab with iron rings . It is also where the funeral of Mozart was held on 6 December 1791 . The beard on the crucified Christ above the altar is of real hair . The chapel is not open to the public . St . Valentine ' s Chapel , above the Chapel of the Cross , is the current depository of the hundreds of relics belonging to the Stephansdom , including a piece of the tablecloth from the Last Supper . A large chest holds the bones of St . Valentine . They were moved here about a century ago , from what is now the Chapter House to the south of the High Altar . Nave looking east to high altar , The Cathedral of St Stephen , BrisbaneInside the cathedral the stained glass windows are vividly illuminated by the sun and cast colored patterns on the floor and walls . Some of them are small with intimate pictures of Christ and his followers , while the great window over the main door stands tall and proud as it depicts Christ ' s Ascension , then casts its majesty down the length of the great space . The lightweight plaster ceilings arc gracefully overhead . There is a noted contrast between the interior and exterior qualities of space . The interior always has a cool , refreshing quality . MusicThe Cathedral currently has three choirs , which perform in the liturgical - north transept where they are amply and clearly able to be heard from the nave both in liturgical works and in leading and complementing the Cathedral ' s customary vigorous congregational hymn - singing . The current Cathedral Choir was formed in 1970 and is an all male choir in the English choral tradition . The choir sings at the 10 : 00 a . m . mass every Sunday except during the June / July and September holidays , and January . In addition to this weekly commitment the choir also sings at most major events at the Cathedral including Easter , Christmas and ordinations . The Choir has enjoyed high standards throughout its thirty year history during which it has made numerous recordings . The most recent of these was of traditional Christmas carols and is currently available on the itunes store . In addition to the Cathedral Choir the Cathedral also has a chamber ensemble called The Schola of the Cathedral of St . Stephen . This group was formed as part of the restructuring of the Cathedral music department in 2000 and is fully professional . The Schola sings at the 12 : 00 am mass every Sunday and augments the Cathedral Choir at major events . The Schola recently released its first CD . Both the Cathedral Choir and the Schola are conducted by the Director of Music and Cathedral Organist , Dr Ralph Morton . The Cathedral also has a community choir of approximately 20 voices called St . Stephen ' s Chorale . The Chorale sings at the noon mass once a month . The Choral is conducted by the Cathedral Sub - Organist , Mr Gregory Mayer ,