They were wiped out by something , flu or otherwise . This changes history drastically and probably erases the existence of Canada , the United States , and probably Mexico as we know it as well . Nahuatl would still be a very widely spoken language in that region , as would other languages in their respective areas . I imagine the Spanish and Portuguese would have certainly enslaved natives en masse . This will likely erase any or certainly most of the African slave trade . How this changes Africa , I don ' t know enough to speculate . I expect many Amerindian cultures would be able to resist Europeans for much longer so much so that it ' s hard to say whether or not it would be worth the fight . Especially in North America , where there wasn ' t the incentive of mountains of gold as in Mexico and Peru . I ' d bet , in the modern era , Amerindianruled states would pepper the Americas along with the descendant nations of some European settler colonies of which at least a few are likely to be successful . Probably an Algonquin state , a Nahuatlspeaking state what we know as Aztec , and definitely Quechuaspeaking nation the Inca language in South America . Really this answer is entirely speculative because of the drastic worldwide demographic shifts this would change . Interesting thought though .