사랑 스런 삶 의 터전 , 지구 축산 과 기후 변화 에 대해 - 배리 브룩 교수 친구 에게 보내 기 동영상 소스 복사 프린트 1 부 . Embed Tag : wmv : mp 4 : 이 비디오 를 블로그 나 웹 사이트 에 올리 기 원하 시 면 , 태그 를 복사 해서 ( Ctrl + c ) 붙여 넣 기 ( ctrl + v ) 하 시 기 바랍니다 . ( 41 MB ) Professor Brook is an international research leader in global ecology and conservation biology . He holds the Foundation Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change and is Director of the Research Institute for Climate Change and Sustainability at the University of Adelaide . He has published two books and over 100 scientific papers on various aspects of human impacts on the natural environment and biodiversity . He has been awarded the Australian Academy of Science Fenner Medal , Edgeworth David Medal by the Royal Society of New South Wales , and the H . G . Andrewartha Medal by the Royal Society of South Australia . Professor Brook was listed by Cosmos as one of Australia ' s top 10 young scientists . Professor Brook emphasizes the need to recognize methane as a major contributor of greenhouse gases . Professor Barry Brook : Methane is an interesting greenhouse gas ; many people may not have heard of it , but it ’ s actually the second most powerful greenhouse gas in terms of human ’ s total contribution to climate change . Everyone has probably heard of CO 2 . Methane is another greenhouse gas that has a large impact and it ’ s especially important over shorter time periods . Methane is produced mainly by ruminant animals and also it ’ s released from fossil fuel reserves , such as coal mines and gas fields . Those fires that we see at the top of an oil well for instance , that is the flaring of methane . So methane is actually natural gas too , that we would burn to heat water and so on . Professor Barry Brook : I ’ ve done some work recently with a couple of colleagues showing that in fact Australia ’ s contribution to global warming is more to do with methane , at least in the short term , than it is with anything else . And even more than that , it ’ s more to do with methane produced by ruminant animals , cattle and sheep and goats for instance . As part of their natural digestion process they produce methane ; they chew the cud , they have a second stomach , and inside that stomach there ’ s bacteria that break down cellulose in grass to release energy . That ’ s a process that ’ s known as an anaerobic process , so it ’ s in the absence of oxygen and that process causes the release of methane , mostly through belching . Now because it ’ s such a powerful greenhouse gas , it has a disproportionate effect on climate change . But most of its impact occurs over a fairly brief period of time , ten or twenty years , almost all the methane is gone . But if you look over that time period and for every ton of methane that ’ s released , that ’ s the equivalent to releasing 72 tons of carbon dioxide . CH 4 = 72 * CO 2 So it packs a big punch . So to put that into context , Australia ’ s cattle industry , livestock industry , cattle and sheep , currently releases about 3 million tons thereabouts of methane per year . Australia ’ s Live Stock = 3 million tons methane per year . * 72 = 216 million tons methaneAustralia ’ s coal - fired power stations = 180 million tons of CO 2 Whereas our coal - fired power stations release about 180 million tons of CO 2 . So it sounds like coal - fired power stations contribute much more than our cattle do to global warming . But if you think that methane packs 72 times the punch of CO 2 over a 20 year period , then over those next two decades you multiply three by 72 . It ’ s pretty easy to work out that our cattle and sheep industry actually contributes more to global warming than our coal - fired power stations over that period . So that is a vastly underappreciated fact in Australia . SupremeMasterTV : Do you think that methane is underappreciated in our recent submissions to the government ? Professor Barry Brook : Yes , I think that ’ s quite apparent . If you look at different greenhouse gases , they have a different contribution to global warming . So you need some method of standardizing them . The basic method that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) uses is to average everything over a 100 year period . But for methane that is actually a bit pointless , because it ’ s almost all gone after about 20 years . So you have taken all of its short term contribution and smeared that out over 100 years to make it much less than it would otherwise be . So , if you look at these reports they will suggest it has about 25 times the impact of CO 2 . But really when it ’ s up there in the atmosphere doing its work , it ’ s 72 times the impact and that makes a big difference . So I think If we want to be serious about our emissions reductions , we have to account for agricultural emissions and we have to , most importantly , account for Australia ’ s greatest contribution in the short term too . SupremeMasterTV : So if we were to have an effect on the animal agriculture , phase it out , would that buy us time with the CO 2 technologies ? Professor Barry Brook : Yes , because methane has a very powerful effect , but a short - term effect ; ironically , you can do something about it pretty quickly compared to CO 2 . So although it ’ s really important right now , it ’ s something we can really purge out of our emissions very quickly . For reasons disconnected with climate change , for instance , Australia ’ s sheep population declined from about a 190 million to less than a 100 million since 1992 . That ’ s had a large impact on Australia ’ s methane emissions . It gives you an example of how quickly we can make that change , basically halved the emissions produced by Australia ’ s sheep . There is no reason why you can ’ t do that for cattle as well . Whereas to change over societies ’ infrastructure , for instance from coal - fired power stations to alternative forms of energy , whilst that needs to happen very quickly , it requires a large turnover of capital infrastructure , things which tend to be , I think , economically more intractable . Whereas , reducing the head of cattle in Australia is something that could be done quickly , just over a couple of years and have a huge impact on our global - warming impact . SupremeMasterTV : I ’ d like to talk to you about the review that you did with Geoff Russell . It ’ s called , “ Meat ’ s Carbon Hoofprint . ” Can you tell us about that ? Professor Barry Brook : Yes , this was a study we did which looked at the relative impact of eating beef on a families ’ CO 2 emissions compared to some of their other activities that most people might suspect would have a much greater contribution to global warming . The example we used was , let ’ s say you have a large four - wheel - drive vehicle , a Ford Territory . So that costs about 17 tons of CO 2 emissions to build the thing and then to run it each week it might be about 200 grams of CO 2 per kilometer driven . So , you can make the calculation on that basis , it might be 60 kilograms of CO 2 a week that you ’ re using to drive this lumbering Ford Territory around , as well as the emissions that went into producing it . If you eat what the CSIRO , “ Total Wellbeing Diet ” recommends is the average weekly consumption of beef , which is somewhere between 3 to 5 kilograms , then you find that when you do the calculations for methane , even when it ’ s using the standard , which is 25 times as powerful as CO 2 , and remember earlier I said that really we should be talking about 72 times as powerful . But even at 25 times as powerful , that would be releasing about 200 kilograms a week compared to 60 from your Ford Territory . So you only need to go for about five years cutting out that meat in your diet and you ’ ve paid for the emissions of that great four - wheel drive ; that ’ s one example . Another way to look at it is the amount of emissions produced by a kilogram of steak . That ’ s so emissions intensive in terms of methane that it ’ s the equivalent to four times the emissions that would be released by producing a kilogram of aluminum , which is considered incredibly energy intensive , and using a lot of electricity to actually produce that aluminum by electrolysis . Beef , four times more than producing a kilogram of aluminum , beef being much more of a contributor than driving a four - wheel vehicle . These are facts which are Greatly nderappreciated , so it means you need to be climate conscious about your diet , because there are some impacts in your lifestyle that will have a much greater effect on global warming than others and people don ’ t actually understand what they are . SupremeMasterTV : In relation to water that they use to grow beef . There is a lot of , water used in that regard . Can you tell us about that ? Professor Barry Brook : Yes , indeed , there is a lot of water that goes into producing a kilogram of beef and a lot of water also goes into producing dairy products . Much dairy in Australia is conducted on lands that wouldn ’ t actually be suitable for dairy except for irrigate agriculture . So this is water that is piped from the Murray and sprayed over vast areas of pasture to produce sufficiently green pastures to produce good milk . But that ’ s the same water that ’ s in desperately short supply in Adelaide , that ’ s killing the Coorong , for instance , because it ’ s not getting enough water flow . These are being sprayed onto the green fields of Western Victoria to produce dairy . It ’ s not actually a very sensible use of water at all . So I think people have to look at the total impact of livestock to really appreciate why they can be particularly damaging to global change . Indeed , looking further afield than Australia , to the tropics , one of the major drivers of tropical deforestation , which in itself is responsible for about 20 %, a fifth of all the human CO 2 emissions , is driven by clearance of tropical forest for cattle grazing . So again it ’ s a driver of deforestation , cause of CO 2 emissions directly by chopping down , burning , mostly burning those trees and then once the cattle are there , producing a whole lot more methane as well . So , there is no doubt that livestock have a long shadow and indeed that was the title of the report produced by the United Nations last year looking at the total impact of livestock on global change . It ’ s pretty profound and it ’ s pretty pervasive . SupremeMasterTV : Do you think that our government should be doing more as regards to letting people know about how they can act as individuals to help with our planetary crisis ? Prof Brook : I think leaving agriculture out of the equation sends the wrong signal because it exempts a sector of society from making greenhouse gas cuts , when in fact every sector of society needs to contribute , so it ’ s just moving the burden to other parts of society . And it ’ s not rightfully cknowledging the impact , the environmental impact that rearing animals have on Australia . People often talk about climate change as having a long - term impact and what it ’ s going to do by the end of the century . Yet we ’ re observing impacts such as the loss of Arctic summer sea ice , an expansion of tropical weather systems , very intense droughts in sub - Saharan Africa and indeed in Australia . The sort of impacts we predicted for 20 , 30 , 50 , 100 years off are occurring now . And there ’ s also a great risk that we ’ re going to cross what are known as tipping points in US system , where we start to get runaway climate change , or at least climate change that ’ s greatly accelerated by changes to the Earth system . We ’ re at a crucial social tipping point and a crucial environmental tipping point right now . Now is the time to take action . It ’ s urgent . 사업자 정보 표시 | | | 사업자 등록 번호 : -- | TEL : -- | 사이버 몰의 이용 약관 바로 가 기