The Chiefs Testimony ( In 1854 , " The Great White Chief " in Washington made an offer for a large area of Indian Iand and promised a " reservation " for the Indian people . ) The Great Chief in Washington sends word that he wishes to buy our land . The Great Chief also sends us words of friendship and goodwill . This is kind of him , since we know he has little need of our friendship in return . But we will consider your offer , for we know that if we do not sell , the whiteman may come with guns and take our land . How can you buy or sell the sky , the warmth of the land ? The idea is strange to us . If we do not own the freshness of the air and the sparkle of the water , how can you buy them ? Every part of this earth is sacred to my people - every shining pine needle , every sandy shore , every mist in the dark woods , every clearing and humming insect is holy in the memory and experience of my people . The sap which courses through the trees carries the memories of the redman . The white man ' s dead forget the country of their birth when they go to walk among the stars . Our deed never forget this beautiful earth , for it is the mother of the redman : we are part of the earth and it is part of us . The perfumed ! flowers are our sisters ; the deer , the horse , the great eagle , these are our brothers . The rocky crests , the juices of the meadows , the body heat of the pony and man all belong to the same family . So when the Great Chief in Washington sends word that he wishes to buy our land , he asks much of us . The Great Chief sends word he will reserve us a place so that we can live comfortably , to ourselves . He will be our father and we will be his children . So we will consider your offer to buy our land , but it will not be easy , for this land is sacred to us . This shining water that moves in the streams and rivers is not just water , but the blood of our ancestors . If we sell you our land you must remember that it is sacred , and you must teach your children that it is sacred and that each ghostly reflection in the clear water of the lakes tells of events and memories in the life of my people . The w ! ater ' s murmur is the voice of my father ' s father . The rivers are our brothers , they quench our thirst . The rivers carry our canoes and feed our children . If we sell you our land you must remember and teach your children that the rivers are our brothers , and yours , and you must henceforth give the rivers the kindness you would give any brother . The redman has always retreated before the advancing whiteman , as the mist of the mountains runs before th morning sun , but the ashes of our fathers are sacred , their graves are holy ground . And so these hills , these trees , this portion of the earth is consecrated to us . We know that the whiteman does not understand our ways - one portion of land is the same to him as the next , for he is a stranger who comes in the night and takes what he needs . The earth is not his brother but his enemy , and when he has conquered it , he moves on . He leaves his fathers ' grave behind and he does not care ; he kidnaps the earth from his children , he does not care , his fathers ' graves and his childrens ' birthrights are forgott ! en . He treats his mother the earth and his brother the sky as things to be bought , plundered , sold like sheep or bright beads . His appetite will devour the earth and leave behind only a desert . I do not know ; our ways are different from your ways . The sight of your cities pains the eyes of the redman , but perhaps it is because the redman is savage and does not understand . There is no quiet place in the whitemans ' cities - no place to hear the unfurling of leaves in spring or the rustle of the insects ' wings . But perhaps it is because I am a savage and do not understand . The clatter only seems to insult the ears . And what is there to life if a man cannot hear the lonely cry of the whipoorwill , or the arguments of the frogs round the pond at night ? I am a redman and do not understand . The Indian prefers the soft sound of the wind darting over the face of a pond and the smell of the wind ! itself , cleaned by a midday rain or scented with pinon pine . The air is precious to the red man for all things share the same breath . The beast , the tree , the man , they all share the same breath . The whiteman does not seem to notice the air he breathes . Like a man dying for many days he is numb to the stench . But if we sell you our land , you must remember that the air is precious to us , that the air shares its spirit with all the life if supports . The wind that gave our grandfather his first breath also receives his last sigh . The wind must also give our children the spirit of life . And if we sell you our land , you must keep it apart and sacred as a place where even the white man can go to taste the wind that is sweetened by the meadow ' s flowers . So we will consider your offer to buy our land . If we decide to accept , I will make one condition : the whiteman must treat the beasts of this land as his brothers . I am a savage and I do not understand any other way . I have seen a thousand rotting buffaloes on the prairie , left by the whiteman who shot them from a passing train . I am a savage and do not understand how the smoking iron horse can be mord important than the buffalo that we kill only to stay alive . What is man without the beasts ? If all the beasts were gone man would die of a great loneliness of the spirit , for whatever happens to the beasts soon happens to man . All things are connected . You must teach your children that the ground beneath their feet is the ashes of our grandfathers . So that they will respect the land , tell your children that the earth is rich with the lives of our kin . Teach your children that we have taught our children - that the earth is our mother . Whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons of earth ; If men spit upon the ground , they spit upon themselves . This we know - the earth does not belong to man , man belongs to the earth . This we know . All things are connected , like the blood which unites one family . All things are connected . Whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons of the earth . Man did not weave the web of life , he is merely a ! strand in it . Whatever he does to the web he does to himself . But we will consider your offer to go to the reservation you have for my people . We will live apart and in peace . It matters little where we spend the rest of our days - our children have seen their fathers humbled in defeat ; our warriors have felt shame and after they defeat they turn their days in idleness and contaminate their bodies with sweet foods and strong drink . It matters little where we pass the rest of our days . They are not many : a few more hours , a few more winters and none of the children of the great tribes that once lived on this earth , or that roam now in small bands in the woods , will be left to mourn the graves of a people once as powerful and hopeful as yours . But why should I mo ! urn the passing of my people ? Tribes are made of men , nothing more . Men come and go like the waves of the sea . Even the whiteman whose God walks and talks with him as friend to friend cannot be exempt from the common destiny . We may be brothers after all , we shall see . One thing we know , which the whiteman may one day discover - our God is the same God . You may think now that you own Him as you wish to own our land , but you cannot . He is the God of man , and His compassion is equal for the redman and the white . The earth is precious to Him , and to harm the earth is to heap contempt on its Creator . The whites too shall pass , perhaps sooner than all other tribes . Continue to contaminate your bed and you will one night suffocate in your own waste . But in your perishing you will shine brightly , fired by the strength of the God who brought you to this land for some special purpose gave you dominion over this land and over the redman . That destiny is a myste ! ry to us , for we do not understand when the buffalo are all slaughtered , the wild horses are tamed , the secret corners of the forest heavy with the scent of many men , and the view of the ripe hills blotted by talking wires . Where is the thicket ? Gone . Where is the eagle ? Gone . And what is it to say goodbye . to the swift pony and the hunt ? The end of living and the beginning of survival . So we will consider your offer to buy our land . If we agree it will be to secure to reservation you have promised ; these perhaps we may live out our brief days as we wish . When the last redman has vanished from this earth and his memory is only the shadow of a cloud moving across the prairie , these shores and forests will still hold the spirits of my people . For they love this earth , as the newborn loves its mother ' s heartbeat . So if we sell you our land , love it as we have loved it ; care for it as we have cared for it ; hold in your mind the memory of the land as it is when you take it ; and with all your strength , with all your heart , preserve it for your children and love it , as God loves us all . ! One thing we know ; Our God is the same God . The earth is precious to Him . Even the whiteman cannot be exempt from the common destiny . We may be brothers after all - we shall see .