살라미스 해전 에서 ‘ 나무 성벽 ’ 신탁 의 역할 논문 
 헤로도토스 ( Herodotos ) 살라미스 ( Salamis ) 델포이 신탁 ( Delphi Oracle ) 나무 성벽 ( Wooden Wall ) 테미스토클레스 ( Themistocles ) 
 살라미스 해전 에서 ‘ 나무 성벽 ’ 신탁 의 역할 
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 ㆍ저자명 : 변정 심 
 Ⅱ . 신탁 의 연대 
 Ⅲ . 신탁 의 절차 와 형식 
 Ⅳ . 신탁 의 해석 
 The two oracles which Athens received from Delphi on the eve of Xerxes " invasion of Greece are an integral part of the story of Salamis as it appears in Herodotos " History . But they introduce a set of problems that defy resolution . They pose three questions . The first is chronological one , the second is the procedural one of consulting the oracle and delivering the response . The last is the meaning of the ‘ wooden wall ’. The aim of this essay is to establish the role of the ‘ wooden wall ’ oracle in the battle of Salamis . 
 When were the oracles given ? By the most natural interpretation of Herodotos " Historiai at Ⅶ . 145 . 1 , the Athenians received the two oracles sometime prior to the first congress of Greeks , thus before the autumn of 481 B . C . The Athenians took the fateful decision to meet the attack with her force at sea and intended to evacuate Attica . When the Athenians forces returned from Artemision to Athens in the September of 480 B . C . , it was proclaimed that each Athenians was to save his children and household as he was able . It has been suggested that this , not in itself a decree , put in to effect a resolution which had moved previously . The evacuation decree preserved in so - called Themistocles Decree , an inscription from Troizen which dates to the third century B . C . but is purportedly a copy of an original fifth - century resolution . According to it the Athenians decided to evacuate Attica before the battles of Artemision . 
 The authenticity of the oracles is open to question . The two oracles given Athens by Delphi are of twelve hexameters each . The First of the two oracles was a spontaneous utterance , where the Pythia spoke before the envoys put their question . Herodotus does not say anything about the actual question they were sent to ask the oracle , they would be asked that it would be better and more profitable for us to abandon our city and the temple of the gods and take to the ships , or to wait for coming of the Persians . The second of the two oracles involves a double consultation , apparently on the same day , though Herodotos does not say so . The Pythia did make their ambiguous utterances as Herodotos has recorded . That the ingenious and unscrupulous Themistocles manipulated the whole proceedings for his own ends also appears not unlikely . Unless we assume the Herodotos " s version of event is grossly distorted , we should accept that references to both Salamis and the wooden wall appeared in the oracle the Athenians originally received . 
 Was the wooden wall a real or a figurative wall ? Those who were expert in the art of interpretation advised flight overseas and avoidance of battle at Salamis , but Themistocles carried the Assembly with his view that the wooden wall meant the fleet and the epithet ‘ holy ’ made ‘ Salamis ’ favourable to Athens . The matter came to a vote . Themistocles won , and a decree was passed stipulating that the Athenians would engage the barbarian by sea with all their forces . That Themistocles was able to turn the debate is to the credit of his audience , as well as to his own . Athenians intended to evacuate Attica and use Salamis as naval base during the war , a strategy suggested by the use to which the island of Lade had been put by the Ionians during their revolt from Persia . Decision - making in democratic Athens was heavily influenced by concern to establish and to follow the will of the gods . Following the will of the god would always be the same as following the will of the community . The oracle would make some difficult decisions easier by reframing the issues at stake , and give the appearance of external authority for those decision , making it easier to reconcile members of society to them . 
 The two oracles which Athens received from Delphi on the eve of Xerxes ' invasion of Greece are an integral part of the story of Salamis as it appears in Herodotos ' History . But they introduce a set of problems that defy resolution . They pose three questions . The first is chronological one , the second is the procedural one of consulting the oracle and delivering the response . The last is the meaning of the ‘ wooden wall ’. The aim of this essay is to establish the role of the ‘ wooden wall ’ oracle in the battle of Salamis . 
 When were the oracles given ? By the most natural interpretation of Herodotos ' Historiai at Ⅶ . 145 . 1 , the Athenians received the two oracles sometime prior to the first congress of Greeks , thus before the autumn of 481 B . C . The Athenians took the fateful decision to meet the attack with her force at sea and intended to evacuate Attica . When the Athenians forces returned from Artemision to Athens in the September of 480 B . C . , it was proclaimed that each Athenians was to save his children and household as he was able . It has been suggested that this , not in itself a decree , put in to effect a resolution which had moved previously . The evacuation decree preserved in so - called Themistocles Decree , an inscription from Troizen which dates to the third century B . C . but is purportedly a copy of an original fifth - century resolution . According to it the Athenians decided to evacuate Attica before the battles of Artemision . 
 The authenticity of the oracles is open to question . The two oracles given Athens by Delphi are of twelve hexameters each . The First of the two oracles was a spontaneous utterance , where the Pythia spoke before the envoys put their question . Herodotus does not say anything about the actual question they were sent to ask the oracle , they would be asked that it would be better and more profitable for us to abandon our city and the temple of the gods and take to the ships , or to wait for coming of the Persians . The second of the two oracles involves a double consultation , apparently on the same day , though Herodotos does not say so . The Pythia did make their ambiguous utterances as Herodotos has recorded . That the ingenious and unscrupulous Themistocles manipulated the whole proceedings for his own ends also appears not unlikely . Unless we assume the Herodotos ' s version of event is grossly distorted , we should accept that references to both Salamis and the wooden wall appeared in the oracle the Athenians originally received . 
 # 헤로도토스 ( Herodotos ) # 살라미스 ( Salamis ) # 델포이 신탁 ( Delphi Oracle ) # 나무 성벽 ( Wooden Wall ) # 테미스토클레스 ( Themistocles ) 
 헤로도토스 와 그리스 신화 서술 
 페르시아 왕 의 개인 적 오만 과 아테네 의 패권주의 
 헤로도토스 의 역사 서술 과 그리스 신화 
 논문 ( 論文 ) : 고대 그리스 식민시 의 창건자 숭배 - 키레네 의 바 토스 를 중심 으로 - 
 일반 논문 : 헤로도토스 에 보이 는 페르시아 왕 의 오만 ( hybris ) - 질시 ( phthonos ) , 징벌 ( nemesis ) 과 투키디데스 에 보이 는 아테네 의 힘 의 지배 - 우연 ( tyche ) 이 갖 는 정치 , 사회 적 의미