Hermann Hesse " 사랑 을 받 는 것 은 행복 이 아니 다 . 사랑 을 주 는 것 이야말로 진정 한 행복 이 다 . " - 헤르만 헤세 Hermann Hesse ( pronounced [ ˈ h ɛʀ man ˈ h ɛ s ə ] ) ( 2 July 1877 — 9 August 1962 ) was a German - Swiss poet , novelist , and painter . In 1946 , he received the Nobel Prize in Literature . His best - known works include Steppenwolf , Siddhartha , and The Glass Bead Game ( also known as Magister Ludi ) which explore an individual ' s search for spirituality outside society . Life [ edit ] YouthHesse was born in the Black Forest town of Calw in Württemberg , Germany to a Christian missionary family . Both of his parents served with a Basel Mission to India , where Hesse ' s mother Marie Gundert was born in 1842 . Hesse ' s father , Johannes Hesse , was born in 1847 in Estonia , the son of a doctor . The Hesse family had lived in Calw since 1873 , where they operated a missionary publishing house under the direction of Hesse ' s grandfather , Hermann Gundert . Hesse spent his first years of life surrounded by the spirit of Swabian piety . In 1880 the family moved to Basel , Switzerland , for six years , then returned to Calw . After successful attendance at the Latin School in Göppingen , Hesse began to attend the Evangelical Theological Seminary in Maulbronn in 1891 . Here in March 1892 , Hesse showed his rebellious character and in one instance he fled from the Seminary and was found in a field a day later . During this time , Hesse began a journey through various institutions and schools , and experienced intense conflicts with his parents . In May , after an attempt at suicide , he spent time at an institution in Bad Boll under the care of theologian and minister Christoph Friedrich Blumhardt . Later he was placed in a mental institution in Stetten im Remstal , and then a boys ' institution in Basel . Hesse ' s birthplace in Calw , 1977 Hesse ' s birthplace , 2007 At the end of 1892 , he attended the Gymnasium in Cannstatt . In 1893 , he passed the one Year Examination , which concluded his schooling . After this , Hesse began a bookshop apprenticeship in Esslingen am Neckar , but after three days he left . Then in the early summer of 1894 , he began a fourteen month mechanic apprenticeship at a clock tower factory in Calw . The monotony of soldering and filing work made him resolve to turn himself toward more spiritual activities . In October 1895 , he was ready to begin wholeheartedly a new apprenticeship with a bookseller in Tübingen . This experience from his youth he returns to later in his novel , Beneath the Wheel . [ edit ] Becoming a writerOn October 17 , 1895 , Hesse began working in the bookshop Heckenhauer in Tübingen , which had a specialized collection in theology , philology , and law . Hesse ' s assignment there consisted of organizing , packing , and archiving the books . After the end of each twelve hour workday , Hesse pursued his own work further , and he spent his long , idle Sundays with books rather than friends . Hesse studied theological writings , and later Goethe , Lessing , Schiller , and several texts on Greek mythology . In 1896 , his poem ' Madonna ' appeared in a Viennese periodical . By 1898 , Hesse had a respectable income that enabled his financial independence from his parents . During this time , he concentrated on the works of the German Romantics , including much of the work from Clemens Brentano , Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff , Friedrich Holderlin and Novalis . In letters to his parents , he expressed a belief that " the morality of artists is replaced by aesthetics . " In the fall , Hesse released his first small volume of poetry , Romantic Songs and in the summer of 1899 , a collection of prose , entitled One Hour After Midnight . Both works were a business failure . In two years , only 54 of the 600 printed copies of Romantic Songs were sold , and One Hour After Midnight received only one printing and sold sluggishly . Nevertheless , the Leipzig publisher Eugen Diederichs was convinced of the literary quality of the work and from the beginning regarded the publications more as encouragement of a young author than as profitable business . Beginning in the fall of 1899 , Hesse worked in a distinguished antique book shop in Basel . There through family contacts he stayed with the intellectual families of Basel . In this environment with rich stimuli for his pursuits , he further developed spiritually and artistically . At the same time , Basel offered the solitary Hesse many opportunities for withdrawal into a private life of artistic self - exploration through journeys and wanderings . In 1900 , Hesse was exempted from compulsory military service due to an eye condition . This , along with nerve disorders and persistent headaches , affected him his entire life . " Modern Book Printing " from the Walk of Ideas in Berlin , Germany - built in 2006 to commemorate Johannes Gutenberg ' s invention , c . 1445 , of movable printing type . In 1901 , Hesse undertook to fulfill a grand dream and travelled for the first time to Italy . In the same year , Hesse changed jobs and began working at the antiquarium Wattenwyl in Basel . Hesse had more opportunities to release poems and small literary texts to journals . These publications now provided honorariums . Shortly the publisher Samuel Fischer became interested in Hesse , and with the novel Peter Camenzind , which appeared first as a pre - publication in 1903 and then as a regular printing by Fischer in 1904 , came a breakthrough : From now on , Hesse could live as a free author . [ edit ] Between Lake Constance and IndiaWith the literary fame , Hesse married Maria Bernoulli ( of the famous family of mathematicians [ 2 ] ) in 1904 , settled down with her in Gaienhofen on Lake Constance , and began a family , eventually having three sons . In Gaienhofen , he wrote his second novel Beneath the Wheel , which was published in 1906 . In the following time he composed primarily short stories and poems . His next novel , Gertrude , published in 1910 , revealed a production crisis — he had to struggle through writing it , and he later would describe it as " a miscarriage . " Hesse ' s writing desk , pictured at the Museum GaienhofenGaienhofen was also the place where Hesse ' s interest in Buddhism was resparked . After a letter to Kapff in 1895 entitled Nirvana , Hesse ' s Buddhist references were no longer alluded to in his works . This was rekindled , however , in 1904 when Arthur Schopenhauer and his philosophical ideas started receiving attention again , and Hesse discovered theosophy . Schopenhauer and theosophy are what renewed Hesse ' s interest in India . Although 1904 was many years before the publication of Hesse ' s Siddhartha ( 1922 ) , this masterpiece was derived from these new influences . During this time , there also was increased dissonance between him and Maria , and in 1911 , Hesse left alone for a long trip to Sri Lanka and Indonesia . Any spiritual or religious inspiration that he was looking for eluded him , but the journey made a strong impression on his literary work . Following Hesse ' s return , the family moved to Bern in 1912 , but the change of environment could not solve the marriage problems , as he himself confessed in his novel Rosshalde from 1914 . [ edit ] The First World WarAt the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 , Hesse registered himself as a volunteer with the Imperial army , saying that he could not sit inactively by a warm fireplace while other young authors were dying on the front . He was found unfit for combat duty , but was assigned to service involving the care of war prisoners . [ 3 ] On November 3 , 1914 , in the Neuen Züricher Zeitung , Hesse ' s essay " O Friends , Not These Tones " ( " O Freunde , nicht diese Töne ")[ 4 ] appeared , in which he appealed to German intellectuals not to fall for patriotism . What followed from this , Hesse later indicated , was a great turning point in his life : For the first time he found himself in the middle of a serious political conflict , attacked by the German press , the recipient of hate mail , and distanced from old friends . He did receive continued support from his friend Theodor Heuss , and the French writer Romain Rolland , whom Hesse visited in August 1915 . This public controversy was not yet resolved , when a deeper life crisis befell Hesse with the death of his father on March 8 , 1916 , the difficult sickness of his son Martin , and his wife ' s schizophrenia . He was forced to leave his military service and begin receiving psychotherapy . This began for Hesse a long preoccupation with psychoanalysis , through which he came to know Carl Jung personally , and was challenged to new creative heights : During a three - week period during September and October 1917 , Hesse penned his novel Demian , which would be published following the armistice in 1919 under the pseudonym Emil Sinclair . ( Emil Sinclair was a friend of the German Romantic poet Novalis , who was an influence on Hesse ) . [ edit ] Casa CamuzziHermann Hesse in 1925 When Hesse returned to civilian life in 1919 , his marriage was shattered . His wife had a severe outbreak of psychosis , but even after her recovery , Hesse saw no possible future with her . Their home in Bern was divided , and Hesse resettled alone in the middle of April in Ticino , where he occupied a small farm house near Minusio ( close to Locarno ) , and later lived from April 25 to May 11 in Sorengo . on May 11 , he moved to the town Montagnola and rented four small rooms in a strange castle - like building , the ' Casa Camuzzi '. Here he explored his writing projects further ; he began to paint , an activity which is reflected in his next major story Klingsor ' s Last Summer , published in 1920 . In 1922 , Hesse ' s novel Siddhartha appeared , which showed the love for Indian culture and Buddhist philosophy , which had already developed at his parents ' house . In 1924 , Hesse married the singer Ruth Wenger , the daughter of the Swiss writer Lisa Wenger and aunt of Meret Oppenheim . This marriage never attained any true stability , however . In 1923 , Hesse received Swiss citizenship . His next major works , Kurgast ( 1925 ) and The Nuremberg Trip ( 1927 ) , were autobiographical narratives with ironic undertones , and foreshadowed Hesse ' s following novel , Steppenwolf , which was published in 1927 . In the year of his 50 th birthday , the first biography of Hesse appeared , written by his friend Hugo Ball . Shortly after his new successful novel , he turned away from the solitude of Steppenwolf and married art historian Ninon Dolbin , née Ausländer . This change to companionship was reflected in the novel Narcissus and Goldmund , appearing in 1930 . In 1931 , Hesse left the Casa Camuzzi and moved with Ninon to a large house ( Casa Hesse ) near Montagnola , which was built according to his wishes . [ edit ] The Glass Bead GameMain article : The Glass Bead GameIn 1931 , Hesse began planning what would become his last major work , The Glass Bead Game ( aka Magister Ludi ) . In 1932 as a preliminary study , he released the novella , Journey to the East . The Glass Bead Game was printed in 1943 in Switzerland . For this work , he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1946 . [ edit ] Later lifeHesse observed the rise to power of Nazism in Germany with concern . In 1933 , Bertolt Brecht and Thomas Mann made their travels into exile , and in both cases , were aided by Hesse . In this way , Hesse attempted to work against Hitler ' s suppression of art and literature that protested Nazi ideology . Hesse , who had long published pieces in German journals and newspapers , spoke publicly in support of Jewish artists and others pursued by the Nazis . However , when he wrote for the Frankfurter Zeitung , he was accused of supporting the Nazis , whom Hesse did not openly oppose . From the end of the 1930 s , German journals stopped publishing Hesse ' s work , and his work was eventually banned by the Nazis . The Glass Bead Game was Hesse ' s last novel . During the last twenty years of his life Hesse wrote many short stories ( chiefly recollections of his childhood ) and poems ( frequently with nature as their theme ) . Hesse wrote ironic essays about his alienation from writing ( for instance , the mock autobiographies : Life Story Briefly Told and Aus den Briefwechseln eines Dichters ) and spent much time pursuing his interest in watercolors . Hesse also occupied himself with the steady stream of letters he received as a result of the prize and as a new generation of German readers explored his work . In one essay , Hesse reflected wryly on his lifelong failure to acquire a talent for idleness and speculated that his average daily correspondence was in excess of 150 pages . He died on August 9 , 1962 and was buried in the cemetery at San Abbondio in Montagnola , where Hugo Ball is also buried . [ edit ] Popularity outside the German speaking countriesA few years after Hesse ' s death in 1962 , his novels enjoyed a revival of popularity due to their association with some of the themes of the 1960 s counterculture ( or " hippie ") movement . In particular , the quest - for - enlightenment theme of Siddhartha , Journey to the East , and Narcissus and Goldmund resonated with countercultural ideals . Also , the " magic theater " sequences in Steppenwolf were interpreted by some as drug - induced psychedelia . These and other Hesse novels were republished in paperback editions and were widely read by university students and young people in the United States and elsewhere . [ edit ] Selected worksFor a more complete list , see Hermann Hesse ( German Wikipedia ) and Sämtliche Werke ( Complete works , ed . 2001 - 2007 ) . The most important works are marked with asterisk . 1904 – Peter Camenzind 1906 – Beneath the Wheel 1910 – Gertrude 1914 – Rosshalde 1915 – Knulp 1919 –* Demian ( published under the pen name Emil Sinclair ) 1919 – Klein and Wagner 1920 – Klingsor ' s Last Summer 1922 –* Siddhartha 1927 –* Steppenwolf 1930 –* Narcissus and Goldmund 1932 – Journey to the East 1943 –* The Glass Bead Game ( also published under the title Magister Ludi ) [ edit ] AwardsStatue in Calw 1906 - Bauernfeld - Preis 1928 - Mejstrik - Preis der Wiener Schiller - Stiftung 1936 - Gottfried - Keller - Preis 1946 - Goethepreis der Stadt Frankfurt 1946 - Nobel Prize in Literature 1947 - Honorary Doctorate from the University of Bern 1950 - Wilhelm - Raabe - Preis 1954 - Orden Pour le mérite für Wissenschaft und Künste 1955 - Peace Prize of the German Book Trade Hesse received honorary citizenship from his home city of Calw , and additionally , throughout Germany many schools are named after him . In 1964 , the Calwer Hermann - Hesse - Preis was founded , which is awarded every two years , alternately to a German - language literary journal or to the translator of Hesse ' s work to a foreign language . There is also a Hermann - Hesse - Preis that is associated with the city of Karlsruhe . [ edit ] Hermann Hesse in popular cultureIn the summer of 1948 , the composer Richard Strauss set three short poems by Hesse to music to become all but one of his valedictory Four Last Songs , the final works completed by Strauss prior to his death in 1949 . In 1967 , the rock band Steppenwolf named themselves after Hesse ' s novel , partly due to lead singer John Kay having been born and grown up in Germany . Along with other bands also inspired by Hesse , like Anyone ' s Daughter with their 40 minute version of " Piktors Verwandlungen ", Steppenwolf played in 2002 on Calw ' s market square as part of the International Hermann - Hesse - Festival 2002 . The Volvos singer Heynes Arms wrote a song entitled " I Think I ' m Herman Hesse ". Like Hesse , Arms had German parentage and was born on July 2 . A portion of Hermann Hesse ' s quote , " In each individual the spirit is made flesh , in each one the whole of creation suffers , in each one a savior is crucified , " excerpted from his work Demian : The Story of Emil Sinclair ' s Youth was included in the eighth episode of NBC ' s television drama , The Black Donnellys entitled " In Each one a Savior ". The British progressive rock band Yes was also influenced by the works of Hermann Hesse , especially on their 1972 album , Close to the Edge , considered by most critics and fans to be their masterpiece . Seattle , Washington based World Champion Slam Poet Buddy Wakefield titled the first track of his 2006 album ( Run on Anything ) Healing Hermann Hesse . Washington DC based electronic duo Thievery Corporation has a song on their album Sounds from the Thievery Hi - Fi ( 1997 ) titled " The Glass Bead Game ". The UK Indie - Rock band James makes reference to Hermann Hesse with their lyrics in the song " Crash " on the album Millionaires : " Cut the Hermann free from the Hesse ". A song by the English rock band Blur , " Strange News from Another Star ", from their 1997 album Blur , takes its name from the title of Hesse ' s 1919 anthology of short stories , Strange News from Another Star . The New York band Suncrown recorded the song Helen , which contains the lyric " I am Goldmouth lost deep in the forest ", referring to the character from Narcissus and Goldmund . The Slovenian rock band Siddharta is named after Hesse ' s novel Siddhartha . The American performance artist Laurie Anderson mentions Hermann Hesse and his grave in her spoken piece " Maria Teresa Teresa Maria " on the live album The Ugly one with the Jewels . In it she mentions the disparity between his gravestone and that of his wife , Nina , apparently misunderstanding the citation " Ausländer ", which in fact was Nina ' s maiden name . Comedian Patton Oswalt mentioned Hesse on his album , Feelin ' Kinda Patton . In his 2003 novel , " Call me the Breeze ", author Patrick McCabe presents us with yet another unhinged character in the form of Joey Tallon . From Joey ' s diaries we see his warped but frequently dead - on view of life in an Irish cross - border town in the 1970 s . Among his multiple obsessions is a fascination with the writings of Hermann Hesse . The name of the novel reflects Joey ' s love of Lynnard Skynnard . River Phoenix was named for the river of life in the Hermann Hesse novel Siddhartha . [ 5 ] [ edit ] References ^ " Hermann Hesse autobiography ". Nobelprize . org . Retrieved on 2007 - 07 - 16 . ^ Gustav Emil Müller , Philosophy of Literature , Ayer Publishing , 1976 . ^ " Hermann Hesse Schriftsteller " ( in German ) . Deutsches Historisches Museum . Retrieved on 15 January 2008 . ^ See Text of the fourth movement of Beethoven ' s Symphony No . 9 . ^ http : / / query . nytimes . com / gst / fullpage . html ? res = 9 F 0 CE 7 DF 173 DF 930 A 25752 C 1 A 965958260