- 오두 의 한가위 단상 - 인류 최고 조상 440 만 년 전 의 아르디 ( Ardi ) 와 한가위 의미 - 인류 최고 조상 인 440 만 년 전 의 이 디오 피아 에서 발굴 된 아르디 ( Ardi ) -- 한가위 다례 상 은 조상 뿐 아니 라 만물 들 의 조상 들 도 기리 는 의미 로 도 - 아르디 ( Ardi ) 한가위 는 보름달 과 함께 조상 을 기리 는 명절 이 다 . 이번 한가위 는 개천절 과 함께 새기 게 되 었 다 . 더 나아가 필자 가 이끄 는 1893 한국 전시관 복원 기념사업 회 는 코리안 신대륙 발견 기념 으로 3000 년 전 알래스카 아막 낙 섬 에 온 돌집 을 짓 고 고래잡이 를 했 던 우리 의 또 다른 조상 들 을 기리 기 위하 여 위스 칸 신주 에서 필자 가 찾아낸 장작불 도자기 가마 불 막 이 답사 관광 을 하 게 되 었 다 . 미주 동포 들 의 ' 최초 의 조상 ' 을 기리 는 한가위 제사 의미 를 포함 하 고 있 다 . 조상 을 새기 는 이번 한가위 는 더 오랜 인류 조상 뉴스 도 등장 하 여 화제 를 모으 고 있 다 . 엇 그제 뉴욕 타임즈 기사 를 보 니 인류 최고 조상 으로 알려진 2 백 3 십 만 년 전 의 루시 ( Lucy ) 보다 더 ' 연세 ' 가 많 은 아르디 ( Ardi ) 여인 을 발굴 복원 했 다고 한다 . 아르디 는 Ardipithecus ramidus ( 아르디 피 테 쿠스 라미 두스 ) 를 줄여서 부르 는 애칭 인데 키 가 1 미터 20 에 침 팬 치 와 는 다른 독자 적 인 진화 의 과정 을 밟 는 인류 조상 으로 파악 되 고 있 다 . * 복원 된 아르디 여인 의 모습 * 아르디 여인 이 발굴 된 이 디오 피아 의 아라미스 동네 인근 의 아르디 배드랜드 Ardi was discovered in the arid badlands along the middle stretch of the Awash River , near the village of Aramis in Ethiopia . Arid now , it was a cooler , humid woodland in the time of the early hominids Ardipithecus ramidus . * 아르디 가 발굴 된 땅 This is the site , known as Yonas Arm , that yielded fossil evidence of Ardipithecus ramidus . Fossil hunters in Ethiopia are excavating a mandible , or lower jaw , of Ardipithecus ramidus . A fairly complete skeleton of this individual , nicknamed Ardi , is 4 . 4 - million - years - old . It lived well before and was much more primitive than the 3 . 2 - million - year - old Lucy skeleton , of the species Australopithecus afarensis . Unveiling the Ardi remains this week , scientists said this was the earliest known skeleton of a potential human ancestor . ( 뉴욕 타임즈 ) * 직립 했 을 것 으로 추정 되 는 아르디 여인 의 골격 . 루시 보다 30 센티 더 큰 키 에 체중 은 120 파운드 로 그 이전 의 루시 의 60 파운드 의 2 배 되 는 몸무게 로 보 고 있 다 . The Ardipithecus specimen , an adult female , probably stood four feet tall and weighed about 120 pounds , almost a foot taller and twice the weight of Lucy . The paleoanthropologists wrote in one of the articles that Ardipithecus was " so rife with anatomical surprises that no one could have imagined it without direct fossil evidence . " A collection of the fossilized bones that were assembled into the partial skeleton of Ardi . Scientists have identified both primitive and evolved characteristics of the 4 . 4 - million - year - old Ardi hominid . Here , the hand bones were more like those of earlier apes . The few modern Homo sapiens living near the discovery site at Aramis include this Ethiopian goat herder . ' 아르디 ' 라고 하 니 이 디오피 아 말 인데 도 우리 의 ' 알영 ' 과 같 은 ' 알 ' 씨 느낌 이 난다 . 고고 인류학 은 아직 도 침팬지 와 인류 의 원점 이 되 는 발굴 은 비워 두 고 있 다 . 인간 과 자연 을 분리 하 는 줄기 의 원천 은 4 백 4 십 만 년 보다 더 오래 된 또 다른 형태 로 발 갈 될 날 이 올 것 이 다 . How Ardipithecus fits into humankind ' s evolutionary path 조상 을 기리 는 한가위 를 맞이 하 여 인류 의 조상 에 대한 이야기 는 인류 의 미래 즉 후손 들 의 모습 을 상상 하 는 것 만큼 신비 하 고 거룩 한 일 일 것 이 다 . 어쩌면 조상 을 기리 는 날 을 보름달 과 함께 기린 우리 의 조상 들 의 한가위 정신 은 지구 를 바라보 는 하늘 의 달 이 만들 어 내 는 지상 의 어머니 ( mother nature ) 에 대한 범 지구 적 인 조상 의 의미 를 보여준다 . 달 의 움직임 에 따라 여성 의 생리 적 변화 이상 남성 을 포함 한 모든 지상 의 생물 들 또한 미세 한 감응 을 한다는 것 은 잘 알려져 있 다 . 그래서 한 가위 는 다례 상 에 오곡 은 물론 햇과일 과 산해 육 어의 동물 들 을 함께 제사 하 는지 도 모른다 . 나 는 다례 상 에 올려진 추수 의 자연 예물 들 이 조상 에게 바치 는 것 보다 그 들 자연 자체 의 조상 들 도 함께 기리 고 제사 하 는 의미 를 부여 하 고 있 다 . 감과 능금 , 배 와 대추 , 해물 과 산물 , 곡식 과 채소 를 함께 다례 상 에 올리 는 것 은 먹 기 위함 이나 드리 기 위한 것 이상 의 땅 위 의 모든 만물 들 의 조상 을 기리 는 의미 말 이 다 . 인류 의 조상 도 만물 의 조상 도 함께 기리 는 의미 가 한가위 만물 다례 상 과 조상 위폐 가 함께 모셔 지 는 의미 로서 거기 에 보름달 도 함께 일체 된 마음 으로 지내 는 것 이 한가위 였 으면 한다 . 아마도 4 백 4 십 만 년 전 의 아르디 할머니 때 에 는 내 가 생각 하 는 이런 마음 으로 가 을 보름달 을 바라보 며 ' 한가위 ' 의미 를 새겼 으리라 ! ( 10 / 02 / 09 오두 ) * 아래 는 관련 웹 사이트 내용 이 다 . http : / / www . dailymail . co . uk / sciencetech / article - 1217400 / Ardi - skeleton - Ethiopia - closest - thing - missing - link - humans - apes . html First ape woman suggests human ancestors may have started walking in pursuit of sexBy Daily Mail ReporterLast updated at 4 : 43 PM on 02 nd October 2009 She lived at the dawn of a new era , when chimps and people began walking ( or climbing ) along their own evolutionary trails . This is Ardi - the oldest member of the human family tree we ' ve found so far . Short , hairy and with long arms , she roamed the forests of Africa 4 . 4 million years ago . Her discovery , reported in detail for the first time today , sheds light on a crucial period when we were just leaving the trees . Some scientists said she could provide evidence that our ancestors first started walking upright in the pursuit of sex . Ardi ' s skeleton ( left ) revealed she was 4 ft tall and weighed 7 st 12 oz Conventional wisdom says our earliest ancestors first stood up on two legs when they moved out of the forest and into the open savannas . But this does not explain why Ardi ' s species was bipedal ( able to walk on two legs ) while still living partly in the trees . Owen Lovejoy from Kent State University said the answer could be as simple as food and sex . He pointed out that throughout evolution males have fought with other males for the right to mate with fertile females . Therefore you would expect dominant males with big fierce canines to pass their genes down the generations . But say a lesser male , with small stubby teeth realised he could entice a fertile female into mating by bringing her some food ? Males would be far more successful food - providers if they had their hands free to carry home items like fruit and roots if they walked on two legs . Mr Lovejoy said this could explain why males from Ardi ' s species had small canines and stood upright - it was all in the pursuit of sex . He added that it could also suggest that monogamous relationships may be far older than was first thought . Ardi - short for Ardipithecus ramidus or ' root of the ground ape ' - stood 4 ft tall and weighed 110 lb . She lived a million years before the famous Lucy , the previous earliest skeleton of a hominid who was dug up in 1974 . Experts believe Ardi is very , very close to the ' missing link ' common ancestor of humans and chimps , thought to have lived five to seven million years ago . ' This is not that common ancestor , but it ' s the closest we have ever been able to come , ' said Dr Tim White , director of the Human Evolution Research Centre at the University of California , Berkeley , who reports the discovery today in Science . The first fossilised and crushed bones of Ardi were found in 1994 in Ethiopia ' s Afar Rift . But it has taken an international team of 47 scientists 17 years to piece together , analyse and describe the remains . Ardi ' s skeleton had been trampled and scattered , while the skull was crushed to just two inches in height . Despite this , Dr David Pilbeam , curator of palaeoanthropology at Harvard ' s Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology said : ' This is one of the most important discoveries for the study of human evolution . ' It is relatively complete in that it preserves head , hands , feet , and some critical parts in between . ' Digital representations of Ardi ' s skull ( left ) and hand ( right ) Researchers have pieced together 125 fragments of bone - including much of her skull , hands , feet , arms , legs and pelvis - which were dated using the volcanic layers of soil above and below the find . The results were surprising . Previously , scientists believed that our common ancestor would have been very chimp - like , and that ancient hominids such as Ardi would still have much in common with them . But she was not suited like a modern - day chimp to swinging or hanging from trees or walking on her knuckles . This suggests that chimps and gorillas developed those characteristics after the split with humans - challenging the idea that they are merely an ' unevolved ' version of us . Analysis of the ape skeleton of Ardi , found in Ethiopia in 1994 , reveals humans and chimps evolved separately from a common ancestor Ardipithecus ramidus - Volcanic layers around the fossil were used to date it from 4 . 4 million years ago - Ardi ' s upper canine teeth are more similar to stubby human teeth than sharp chimpanzee teeth - Tooth enamel analysis revealed they ate fruit , nuts and leaves - Ardi ' s brain was positioned in a similar way to that of humans - Pelvis and hip show the gluteal muscles were positioned so she could walk upright Ardi ' s feet were rigid enough to allow her to walk upright some of the time , but she still had a grasping big toe for use in climbing trees . And she had long arms but short palms and fingers which were flexible , allowing her to support her body weight on her palms . Her upper canine teeth are more like the stubby teeth of modern people than the long , sharp ones of chimps . An analysis of her tooth enamel suggests she ate fruit , nuts and leaves . Scientists believe she was a female because her skull is relatively small and lightly built . Her teeth were also smaller than other members of the same family that were found later . Alan Walker , of Pennsylvania Sate University , told Science : ' These things were very odd creatures . You know what Tim ( White ) once said : ' If you wanted to find something that moved like these things you ' d have to go to the bar in Star Wars '.' Since the discovery , scientists have unearthed another 35 members of the Ardipithecus family . Ardi was found in alongside crumbling fossils of 29 species of birds and 20 species of small mammals - including owls , parrots , shrews , bats and mice . Lucy , also found in Africa , thrived a million years after Ardi and was of the more human - like genus Australopithecus . ' In Ardipithecus we have an unspecialized form that hasn ' t evolved very far in the direction of Australopithecus . So when you go from head to toe , you ' re seeing a mosaic creature that is neither chimpanzee , nor is it human . It is Ardipithecus , ' said Dr White . How Ardipithecus fits into humankind ' s evolutionary pathHe noted that Charles Darwin , whose research in the 19 th century paved the way for the science of evolution , was cautious about the last common ancestor between humans and apes . ' Darwin said we have to be really careful . The only way we ' re really going to know what this last common ancestor looked like is to go and find it . Well , at 4 . 4 million years ago we found something pretty close to it , ' Dr White added . ' And , just like Darwin appreciated , evolution of the ape lineages and the human lineage has been going on independently since the time those lines split , since that last common ancestor we shared . ' Some details about Ardi in the collection of papers : - Ardi was found in Ethiopia ' s Afar Rift , where many fossils of ancient plants and animals have been discovered . Findings near the skeleton indicate that at the time it was a wooded environment . Fossils of 29 species of birds and 20 species of small mammals were found at the site . - Geologist Giday WoldeGabriel of Los Alamos National Laboratory was able to use volcanic layers above and below the fossil to date it to 4 . 4 million years ago . - Paleoanthropologist Gen Suwa of the University of Tokyo reported that Ardi ' s face had a projecting muzzle , giving her an ape - like appearance . But it didn ' t thrust forward quite as much as the lower faces of modern African apes do . Some features of her skull , such as the ridge above the eye socket , are quite different from those of chimpanzees . The details of the bottom of the skull , where nerves and blood vessels enter the brain , indicate that Ardi ' s brain was positioned in a way similar to modern humans , possibly suggesting that the hominid brain may have been already poised to expand areas involving aspects of visual and spatial perception . The first signs of Ardi were discovered in Middle Awash , a desert site that would have been much wetter , teeming with animal life and thickly covered with trees 4 million years ago . A graduate student from the University of California at Berkley found two finger bones . Further excavation turned up pieces of pelvis , feet , hands and skull . By the end of three years , scientists realised they ' d found a paleontological treasure . The search continues for the ' last common ancestor ' from which both modern humans and modern chimpanzees can trace their ancestry . Many experts think the common ancestor lived at least 7 million years ago . Research on Ardi suggests that this ancestor didn ' t look nearly as much like a modern chimpanzee as had been previously suspected . This suggests that chimpanzees have themselves evolved significantly . For more information visit www . sciencemag . orgRead more : http : / / www . dailymail . co . uk / sciencetech / article - 1217400 / Ardi - skeleton - Ethiopia - closest - thing - missing - link - humans - apes . html # ixzz 0 So 1 nOiRh