18 년 11 월 21 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . A Princeton study by Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman found that once a person earns $ 75 , 000 per year , the emotional benefits of income wear off . He analyzed more than 450 , 000 responses to the Gallup - Healthways Well - Being Index , a daily survey of 1 , 000 U . S . residents conducted by the Gallup Organization , and discovered that emotional well - being rises with income — but ( A ) not beyond an annual income of $ 75 , 000 . What is the significance of $ 75 , 000 ? It ’ s not a magic number . It appears to be the income considered “ adequate ” to meet people ’ s basic needs . And the researchers found that lower income did not in itself cause sadness , but made people feel more burdened by the problems they already had . ( B ) __________, that old saying “ money can ’ t buy happiness ” turns out to be true . 위 글 에서 필자 가 언급 한 $ 75 , 000 가 나타내 는 의미 를 영어 로 찾 아 쓰 시 오 . 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( A ) 가 의미 하 는 것 을 완전 한 문장 으로 쓰 시 오 . 위 글 의 빈칸 ( B ) 에 들어갈 연결 어구 를 쓰 시 오 . 28 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . Application of Buddhist - style mindfulness to Western psychology came primarily from the research of Jon Kabat - Zinn at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center . He initially took on the difficult task of treating chronic - pain patients , ( A ) 그 들 중 많 은 이 들 은 had not responded well to traditional pain - management therapy . In many ways , such treatment seems completely paradoxical — you teach people to deal with pain by helping them to become more aware of it ! However , the key is to help people let go of the constant tension that accompanies their fighting of pain , a struggle that actually prolongs their awareness of pain . Mindfulness meditation allowed many of these people to increase their sense of well - being and to experience a better quality of life . How so ? Because such meditation is based on the principle that if we try to ignore or repress unpleasant thoughts or sensations , then we only end up increasing their intensity . 위 글 을 읽 고 ‘ mindfulness meditation ‘ 이 무엇 인지 다음 설명 의 빈칸 을 본문 을 참고 하 여 완성 하 시 오 . Mindfulness meditation is to help patients to be more ______________ of pain and ______________ positive thoughts or sensations instead of trying to ______________ or ______________ unpleasant ones . 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( A ) 의 우리말 이 되 도록 , 3 단어 와 4 단어 로 영작 하 시 오 . ( 1 ) _____________ _____________ _____________ ( 2 ) _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ 29 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . The ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians were the Western world ’ s philosophical forebears . In their concept of the world , nature was not an opponent in life ’ s struggles . ( A ) __________, man and nature were in the same boat , companions in the same story . Man thought of the natural world in the same terms as he thought of himself and other men . The natural world had thoughts , desires , and emotions , just like humans . Thus , the realms of man and nature were ( B ) ( distinguish ) and did not have to be understood in cognitively different ways . Natural phenomena were imagined in the same terms as human experience . These ancients of the Near East did recognize the relation of cause and effect , but when speculating about ( C ) it they came from ( D ) ( a “ ________” rather than a “ ________” perspective ) . ( E ) 나 일강 이 불어났 을 때 , 그것 은 그 강 이 그러 기 를 원했 기 때문 이 지 비 가 왔었 기 때문 은 아니 었 다 . 위 글 의 빈칸 ( A ) 에 들어갈 알맞 은 한 단어 를 철자 R 로 시작 하 여 쓰 시 오 . 위 글 ( B ) 의 괄호 안 에 주어진 낱말 을 문맥 과 어법 에 맞 게 고쳐 쓰 시 오 . 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( C ) 가 가리키 는 것 을 영어 로 쓰 시 오 . 위 글 ( D ) 의 빈칸 에 들어갈 알맞 은 의문사 를 차례 로 쓰 시 오 . 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( E ) 의 우리말 을 < 조건 > 에 맞 게 영작 하 시 오 . < 조건 > 1 . 접속사 when 과 because 를 사용 할 것 2 . < 보 기 > 의 단어 를 사용 하 되 , 필요시 단어 를 변형 하 거나 추가 할 것 , 중복 사용 가능 3 . 쉼표 를 두 번 사용 하 고 , 총 16 단어 로 영작 할 것 < 보 기 > the Nile / the river / want / rain 30 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . Jesse ’ s best friend Monica , a mother of three , was diagnosed with a rare disease . Unfortunately , she didn ’ t have the money necessary to start her treatment and pay for all the other expenses related to her disease . So Jesse jumped in to help her . She reached out to friends and family and asked them if they could spare $ 100 . If ( A ) so , they were ⓐ( bring ) their contribution to a restaurant downtown at a designated time . Her goal was to get 100 people ⓑ( give ) $ 100 . Under false pretenses , Jesse took Monica to the restaurant and asked if she minded ⓒ( answer ) a few questions on video to share with others about her sickness . She agreed . Soon after the video began , a line formed outside the restaurant . The number grew to hundreds of people , each ⓓ( deliver ) a $ 100 bill . ( B ) ( The k _______ and g _______) shown by both friends and strangers made a huge difference for Monica and her family . 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( A ) 가 가리키 는 것 을 영어 로 쓰 시 오 . 위 글 ⓐ~ⓓ 의 괄호 안 에 주어진 낱말 을 각 각 문맥 과 어법 에 맞 게 고쳐 쓰 시 오 . 위 글 ( B ) 에 들어갈 알맞 은 말 을 ‘ 친절 과 관대 함 ’ 을 뜻 하 도록 주 어 진 철자 로 시작 하 여 쓰 시 오 . 31 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . A good many scientists and artists have noticed the universality of creativity . At the Sixteenth Nobel Conference , held in 1980 , scientists , musicians , and philosophers all agreed , to quote Freeman Dyson , that “ the analogies between science and art are very good as long as you are talking about the creation and the performance . The creation is certainly very analogous . The aesthetic pleasure of the craftsmanship of performance is also very strong in science . ” A few years later , at another multidisciplinary conference , physicist Murray Gell - Mann found that “ everybody agrees on ( A ) where ideas come from . We had a seminar here , about ten years ago , including several painters , a poet , a couple of writers , and the physicists . Everybody agrees on how ( B ) it works . All of these people , whether they are doing artistic work or scientific work , are trying to solve a problem . ” 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( A ) 의 답 을 한 단어 의 영어 로 쓰 시 오 . 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( B ) 가 가리키 는 것 을 영어 로 쓰 시 오 . 32 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . For several years much research in psychology was based on the assumption that human beings are driven by base motivations such as aggression , egoistic self - interest , and the pursuit of simple pleasures . Since many psychologists began with that assumption , they inadvertently designed research studies that supported their own presuppositions . Consequently , the view of humanity that prevailed in psychology was that of a species barely keeping its aggressive tendencies in check and managing to live in social groups more out of motivated self - interest than out of a genuine affinity for others or a true sense of community . Both Sigmund Freud and the early behaviorists led by John B . Watson believed that humans were motivated primarily by selfish drives . From ( A ) that perspective , social interaction is possible only by exerting control over those baser emotions and , therefore , ( B ) it is always vulnerable to eruptions of violence , greed , and selfishness . The fact that humans actually live together in social groups has traditionally been seen as a tenuous arrangement that is always just one step away from violence . * inadvertently 무심코 ** affinity 친밀감 *** tenuous 미약 한 In psychology , what was the assumption about the nature of human beings ? Answer in Korean . 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( A ) 가 가리키 는 것 을 우리 말 로 쓰 시 오 . 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( B ) 가 가리키 는 것 을 영어 로 쓰 시 오 . 33 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . A vast academic literature provides empirical support for the thesis that it pays to be green . Large data sets have been constructed , measuring firm environmental behavior and financial performance across a wide number of industries and over many years . While the results are not unequivocal , there is evidence suggestive of a ⓐ_____________________ between environmental performance and financial performance . In our own work , we find that , on average , a 10 % decrease in a company ’ s toxic emissions as reported in the US Environmental Protection Agency ’ s Toxic Release Inventory — a database of toxic emissions from US manufacturing facilities —( A ) __________ in an average 3 % increase in a firm ’ s financial performance as measured by return on assets . Another study suggests that a 10 % reduction in emissions could ( B ) __________ a $ 34 million increase in market value . * unequivocal 명료 한 위 글 의 요지 를 본문 의 단어 를 활용 하 여 빈 칸 을 채워 완성 하 시 오 . To be _________ caused a firm to _________ their _________ profits . 위 글 의 빈칸 ⓐ 에 들어갈 ‘ 양 의 상관 관계 ’ 를 뜻 하 는 알맞 은 두 단어 를 쓰 시 오 . 위 글 의 빈칸 ( A ) , ( B ) 에 각각 들어갈 알맞 은 두 단어 를 본문 의 단어 를 활용 하 여 쓰 시 오 . ( A ) __________ ___________ ( B ) ___________ __________ 34 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . Scientific knowledge cannot account for correct aesthetic appreciation of nature because science represents natural objects as members of a specific class , rather than as individual entities . The science - based approach claims that aesthetically relevant properties are only those properties that all members of a natural kind share with each other . But ( A ) this is not true . When we experience nature , we do not experience it as species , but as individual objects . And as separated into individual objects , nature can have aesthetic properties that are not entailed by its scientific description . Natural science can explain , for instance , the formation of the waterfall , but ( B ) it has nothing to say about our experience of the majestic Victoria Falls when viewed at sunset , its reds and oranges countless and captivating ; geology can explain the formation of the Ngorongoro Crater in Tanzania , but ( C ) not its painful and breathtaking beauty at sunrise , the fog slowly lifting above the crater and a lone hippopotamus dark and heavy in the lake . * entity 독립 체 위 글 을 읽 고 , 우리 는 자연 을 어떻게 경험 하 는지 완전 한 문장 의 영어 로 쓰 시 오 . 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( A ) 가 가리키 는 것 을 우리 말 로 쓰 시 오 . 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( B ) 가 가리키 는 것 을 영어 로 쓰 시 오 . 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( C ) 를 완전 한 문장 으로 고쳐 쓰 시 오 . 36 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . During the late 1800 s , printing became cheaper and faster , leading to an explosion in the number of newspapers and magazines and the increased use of images in these publications . Photographs , as well as woodcuts and engravings of them , appeared in newspapers and magazines . The increased number of newspapers and magazines created greater competition — driving some papers to print more salacious articles to attract readers . This “ yellow journalism ” sometimes took the form of gossip about public figures , as well as about socialites who considered themselves private figures , and even about those who were not part of high society but had found themselves involved in a scandal , crime , or tragedy that journalists thought would sell papers . Gossip was of course nothing new , but the rise of mass media in the form of widely distributed newspapers and magazines meant that gossip moved from limited ( often oral only ) distribution to wide , printed dissemination . * engraving 판화 ** salacious 외설 스러운 *** dissemination 보급 위 글 의 “ yellow journalism ” 이 의미 하 는 바 를 우리 말 로 서술 하 시 오 . 위 글 을 읽 고 , 인쇄술 의 발달 이 ‘ Gossip ’ 에 어떤 변화 를 가져 왔 는지 완전 한 문장 의 우리말 로 쓰 시 오 . 38 . 다음 글 의 내용 을 아래 와 같이 요약 하 고자 한다 . 빈 칸 에 들어갈 알맞 은 말 을 주어진 철자 로 시작 하 여 쓰 시 오 . The problem of amino acid deficiency is not unique to the modern world by any means . Preindustrial humanity probably dealt with protein and amino acid insufficiency on a regular basis . Sure , large hunted animals such as mammoths provided protein and amino acids aplenty . However , living off big game in the era before refrigeration meant humans had to endure alternating periods of feast and famine . Droughts , forest fires , superstorms , and ice ages led to long stretches of difficult conditions , and starvation was a constant threat . The human inability to synthesize such basic things as amino acids certainly worsened those crises and made surviving on whatever was available that much harder . During a famine , it ’ s not the lack of calories that is the ultimate cause of death ; it ’ s the lack of proteins and the essential amino acids they provide . * synthesize 합성 하 다 We have s _________ from amino acid deficiency , because of difficult conditions in the p _________ and because the human don ’ t have a _________ to synthesize essential amino acids in the body . 39 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . Charisma is eminently learnable and teachable , and in many ways , it follows one of Newton ’ s famed laws of motion : For every action , there is an equal and opposite reaction . That is to say that all of charisma and human interaction is a set of signals and cues that lead to other signals and cues , and there is a science to deciphering which signals and cues work the most in your favor . In other words , charisma can often be simplified as a checklist of what to do at what time . However , it will require brief forays out of your comfort zone . Even though there may be a logically easy set of procedures to follow , it ’ s still an emotional battle to change your habits and introduce new , uncomfortable behaviors that you are not used to . I like to say that it ’ s just a matter of using muscles that have long been dormant . ( A ) 그것 들 을 준비 시키 는 데 시간 이 좀 걸릴 것 이 다 , but ( B ) you will achieve your desired goal only through practice and action . * decipher 판독 하 다 ** foray 시도 *** dormant 활동 을 중단 한 위 글 의 요지 를 < 보 기 > 에 주어진 단어 들 을 배열 하 여 완성 하 시 오 . < 보 기 > a / learnable / practice / since / charisma / develop / it / with / is / skill / you / can 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( A ) 의 우리말 을 < 보 기 > 에 주어진 낱말 을 사용 하 여 9 단어 로 영작 하 시 오 . < 보 기 > warm up 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( B ) 를 it - that 표현 으로 부사구 를 강조 해 고쳐 쓰 시 오 . 40 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . There was an experiment conducted in 1995 by Sheena Iyengar , a professor of business at Columbia University . In a California gourmet market , Professor Iyengar and her research assistants set up a booth of samples of jams . Every few hours , they switched from offering an assortment of 24 bottles of jam to an assortment of just six bottles of jam . on average , customers tasted two jams , regardless of the size of the assortment , and ( A ) 각자 잼 한 병 당 1 달러 할인 쿠폰 을 받 았 다 . Here ’ s the interesting part . Sixty percent of customers were drawn to the large assortment , while only 40 percent stopped by the small one . But 30 percent of the people who had sampled from the small assortment decided to buy jam , while only three percent of those confronted with the two dozen jams purchased a jar . Effectively , a greater number of people bought jam when the assortment size was 6 than when it was 24 . * assortment 모음 위 글 의 요지 를 ‘ the + 비교급 , the + 비교급 ’ 표현 으로 아래 의 단어 를 사용 하 여 6 단어 로 답 하 시 오 . choices , purchases 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ( A ) 의 우리말 에 일치 하 도록 빈 칸 을 완성 하 시 오 . each one received a coupon g ________ f ________ $ 1 o ________ one jar of jam 2019 년 9 월 21 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . Humans are omnivorous , meaning that they can consume and digest a ⓐ wide selection of plants and animals found in their surroundings . The primary advantage to this is that they can ⓑ adapt to nearly all earthly environments . The disadvantage is that no single food provides the nutrition necessary for survival . Humans must be ⓒ inflexible enough to eat a variety of items sufficient for physical growth and maintenance , yet cautious enough not to randomly ingest foods that are physiologically harmful and , possibly , fatal . This dilemma , the need to experiment combined with the need for ⓓ conservatism , is known as the omnivore ’ s paradox . It results in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _________________________ _______________________ regarding diet . The first is an attraction to new foods ; the second is a preference for ⓔ familiar foods . 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 , 문맥 상 낱말 의 쓰임 이 적절 하 지 않 은 것 은 ? ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ 위 글 의 빈칸 에 들어갈 말 로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① unique biological structures ② a enormous variety of desires ③ greatly consistent ritual and repetition ④ two contradictory psychological impulses ⑤ basic biological and psychological constitutions 위 글 의 제목 으로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① Humans ’ Dilemma as Omnivores ② Interrelation Between Food and Body Growth ③ How to Overcome Omnivore ’ s Paradox ④ Omnivore ’ s Paradox Related to Environment ⑤ Misunderstandings About Omnivore ’ s Paradox 22 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . Recording an interview is easier and more thorough , and can be less unnerving to an interviewee than seeing someone scribbling in a notebook . But using a recorder has some disadvantages and is not always the best solution . If the interview lasts a while , listening to it again to select the quotes you wish to use can be time ­ consuming , especially if you are working to a tight deadline . It is often more efficient to develop the technique ( using a recorder as backup if you wish ) of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________________________. This involves writing down the key answers from an interview so that they can be transcribed easily afterwards . It is sensible to take down more than you think you ’ ll need , but try to get into the habit of editing out the material you are not going to need as the interview proceeds . It makes the material much easier and quicker to handle afterwards . * unnerving 불안 하 게 만드 는 위 글 의 빈칸 에 들어갈 말 로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① using your eyes ② unceasing efforts ③ passionate attitude ④ a proper way of talking ⑤ selective note ­ taking 위 글 의 제목 으로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① How to Select an Interviewee ② What Is an Unproductive Interview ? ③ The Shorter an Interview Is , the Better It Is ④ Recording an Interview Brings about Negative Results ⑤ An Efficient Way of Interviewing : Notebook or Recorder ? 23 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . The original idea of a patent , remember , was not to reward inventors with monopoly profits , but to encourage them to share their inventions . A certain amount of intellectual property law is plainly necessary to achieve this . But it has gone too far . Most patents are now as much about defending monopoly and discouraging rivals as about sharing ideas . And that _ _ _ _ _ _ ________________________. Many firms use patents as barriers to entry , suing upstart innovators who trespass on their intellectual property even on the way to some other goal . In the years before World War I , aircraft makers tied each other up in patent lawsuits and slowed down innovation until the US government stepped in . Much the same has happened with smartphones and biotechnology today . New entrants have to fight their way through “ patent thickets ” if they are to build on existing technologies to make new ones . * trespass 침해 하 다 위 글 에 드러난 필자 의 어조 로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① critical ② grateful ③ skeptical ④ apologetic ⑤ humorous 위 글 의 제목 으로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① The Origin of a Patent ② Patents Lead to Innovation ③ The Damage for Infringing a Patent Right ④ A Landmark That Develops a Patent ⑤ Patent Policy That Cripples Innovation 위 글 의 빈칸 에 들어갈 말 로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① improves creativity ② disrupts innovation ③ changes the government ④ needs existing technologies ⑤ results in unexpected findings 24 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . The earliest challenges and contests to solve important problems in mathematics date back to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries . Some of these problems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________________________. For example , Pierre de Fermat issued a set of mathematical challenges in 1657 , many on prime numbers and divisibility . The solution to what is now known as Fermat ’ s Last Theorem was not established until the late 1990 s by Andrew Wiles . David Hilbert , a German mathematician , identified 23 unsolved problems in 1900 with the hope that these problems would be solved in the twenty ­ first century . Although some of the problems were solved , others remain unsolved to this day . More recently , in 2000 , the Clay Mathematics Institute named seven mathematical problems that had not been solved with the hope that they could be solved in the twenty ­ first century . A $ 1 million prize will be awarded for solving each of these seven problems . 위 글 의 빈칸 에 들어갈 말 로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① are the results of greatest achievements ② result from an increasingly scientific mindset ③ greatly contribute to improving other fields ④ have been solved through mathematicians ’ cooperation ⑤ have continued to challenge mathematicians until modern times 위 글 의 내용 과 일치 하 지 않 는 것 은 ? ① In 16 th and 17 th centuries , there were the earliest challenges and contests to solve signigicant mathematical problems . ② Many of the challenges Fermat presented were those prime number and divisibility . ③ Andrew Wiles solved a mathematical challenge Fermat issued in the late 1990 s . ④ 23 unsolved problems David Hilbert identified aren ' t solved until recently . ⑤ Even today , there are some unsolved problems in mathematics . 26 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . Born in 1917 , Cleveland Amory was an author , an animal advocate , and an animal rescuer . During his childhood , he had a great affection for his aunt Lucy , who was instrumental in helping Amory get his first puppy as a child , an event that Amory remembered seventy years later as the most memorable moment of his childhood . He graduated from Harvard College in 1939 and later became the youngest editor ever hired by The Saturday Evening Post . Amory wrote three instant best ­ selling books , including The Best Cat Ever , based on his love of animals . He founded The Fund for Animals in 1967 , and he served as its president , without pay , until his death in 1998 . He always dreamed of a place where animals could roam free and live in caring conditions . Inspired by Anna Sewell ’ s novel Black Beauty , Amory established Black Beauty Ranch , a 1 , 460 ­ acre area that shelters various abused animals including chimpanzees and elephants . Today , a stone monument to Amory stands at Black Beauty Ranch . 위 글 을 읽 고 답 할 수 없 는 질문 은 ? ① When and where was Cleveland Amory born ? ② Why did Cleveland Amory cherish affection for his aunt Lucy ? ③ What did Cleveland Amory do after he graduated from Harvard College ? ④ What did Cleveland Amory establish in his 50 s ? ⑤ What did Cleveland Amory do for various abused animals ? 위 글 의 제목 으로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① Cleveland Amory Loves Children ! ② Cleveland Amory Contributes to the Homeless ③ Cleveland Amory : The First and Youngest Editor ④ Why Did Cleveland Amory Become an Animal Rescuer ? ⑤ Cleveland Amory Who Has a Special Affection for Animals 29 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . Not only are humans unique in the sense that they began to use an ever ­ widening tool set , we are also the only species on this planet that has constructed forms of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________________________. This was a fundamental new development , for which there were no precedents in big history . This capacity may first have emerged between 1 . 5 and 0 . 5 million years ago , when humans began to control fire . From at least 50 , 000 years ago , some of the energy stored in air and water flows was used for navigation and , much later , also for powering the first machines . Around 10 , 000 years ago , humans learned to cultivate plants and tame animals and thus control these important matter and energy flows . Very soon , they also learned to use animal muscle power . About 250 years ago , fossil fuels began to be used on a large scale for powering machines of many different kinds , thereby creating the virtually unlimited amounts of artificial complexity that we are familiar with today . 위 글 의 제목 으로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① Humans : Creator or Destroyer ? ② Preferred Energy and Tools in Humans ③ Humans ’ Tools Convey Various Messages ④ Humans Center on Complexity and Creativity ⑤ Humans Creating Complexity from External Energy Sources 위 글 의 빈칸 에 들어갈 말 로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① society that maintain order ② energy available throughout the day ③ creativity that make humans remarkable ④ upright stride which freed humans ’ hands ⑤ complexity that use external energy sources 30 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . A champion of free speech and religious toleration , Voltaire was a controversial figure . He is , for instance , supposed to have declared , “ I hate what you say , but will defend to the death your right to say it , ” a powerful defense of the idea that even views that you despise deserve to be heard . In eighteenth ­ century Europe , however , the Catholic Church strictly controlled what could be published . Many of Voltaire ’ s plays and books were censored and burned in public , and he was even imprisoned in the Bastille in Paris because he had insulted a powerful aristocrat . But none of this stopped him challenging the prejudices and pretensions of those around him . In his short philosophical novel , Candide , he completely __________________ the kind of religious optimism about humanity and the universe that other contemporary thinkers had expressed , and he did it in such an entertaining way that the book became an instant bestseller . Wisely , Voltaire left his name off the title page , otherwise its publication would have landed him in prison again for making fun of religious beliefs . 위 글 의 제목 으로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① Voltaire ’ s Belief : Wise or Stupid ? ② Why Catholic Church Censored Publication ③ How Voltaire Could Avoid Putting in Prison ④ The Reason Voltaire Cannot Help Insulting Nobles ⑤ Voltaire Not Yielding to Suppression by Catholic Church 위 글 의 빈칸 에 들어갈 말 로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① supported ② developed ③ appreciated ④ undermined ⑤ acknowledged 위 글 의 내용 과 일치 하 지 않 는 것 은 ? ① 18 세기 유럽 의 가톨릭교회 는 출판 을 통제 했 다 . ② Voltaire 의 많 은 책 들 이 공개 적 으로 불태워졌 다 . ③ Voltaire 는 왕 을 모욕 해서 파리 의 감옥 에 수감 되 기 도 했 다 . ④ Voltaire 는 당대 의 사상가 들 의 의견 과 다른 철학 단편 소설 을 출판 했 다 . ⑤ Voltaire 의 Candide 의 책 속표지 에 는 그 의 이름 이 없 다 . 31 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . Children develop the capacity for solitude in __________ _ _ _ _ _ ________________________. Consider the silences that fall when you take a young boy on a quiet walk in nature . The child comes to feel increasingly aware of what it is to be alone in nature , supported by being “ with ” someone who is introducing him to this experience . Gradually , the child takes walks alone . Or imagine a mother giving her two ­ year ­ old daughter a bath , allowing the girl ’ s reverie with her bath toys as she makes up stories and learns to be alone with her thoughts , all the while knowing her mother is present and available to her . Gradually , the bath , taken alone , is a time when the child is comfortable with her imagination . Attachment enables solitude . * reverie 공상 위 글 의 빈칸 에 들어갈 말 로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① reclaiming conversation in family ② the presence of an attentive other ③ the absence of constructive dialogue ④ consistent interaction of family members ⑤ healthy development of personal relationships 위 글 의 제목 으로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① Solitude Leads to Attachment ② What Does “ Along with ” Mean ? ③ Memories Regained by Being Alone ④ How Can the Capacity for Solitude Be Cultivated ? ⑤ Children ’ s Development Disrupted by Attachment 32 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . Much of the ⓐ spread of fake news occurs through irresponsible sharing . A 2016 study from Columbia University in New York City and Inria , a French technology institute , found that 59 percent of the news from links shared on social media wasn ’ t read first . People see an ⓑ intriguing headline or photo in their news feed or on another website and then click the Share button to repost the item to their social media friends ― without ever clicking through to the full article . Then they may be ⓒ withholding fake news . To stop the spread of fake news , read stories before you share them . ⓓ Respect your social media friends enough to know what information you are sending their way . You may ⓔ discover , on close inspection , that an article you were about to share is obviously fraudulent , that it doesn ’ t really say what the headline promises , or that you actually disagree with it . * fraudulent 속이 는 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 , 문맥 상 낱말 의 쓰임 이 적절 하 지 않 은 것 은 ? ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ 위 글 의 제목 으로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① Research the Source of Fake News ② The Advantages of Fake News ③ Separate Fake News from Stories ④ Fake News : Read Before You Share ⑤ Fake News Becomes a Great Disaster 33 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . New technology tends to come from new ventures ― startups . From the Founding Fathers in politics to the Royal Society in science to Fairchild Semiconductor ’ s “ traitorous eight ” in business , small groups of people bound together by a sense of mission have changed the world for the better . The easiest explanation for this is ⓐ positive : it ’ s hard to develop new things in big organizations , and it ’ s even harder to do it by yourself . Bureaucratic hierarchies move slowly , and entrenched interests ⓑ escape from risk . In the most dysfunctional organizations , signaling that work is being done becomes a ⓒ better strategy for career advancement than actually doing work . At the other extreme , a ⓓ lone genius might create a classic work of art or literature , but he could never create an entire industry . Startups operate on the principle that you need to work with other people to get stuff done , but you also need to stay ⓔ small enough so that you actually can . * entrenched 굳어진 위 글 에서 시사 하 는 것 으로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① Rome was not built in a day . ② Make hay while the sun shines . ③ As you sow so shall you reap . ④ A small red pepper is more spicy . ⑤ Nothing ventured , nothing gained . 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 , 문맥 상 낱말 의 쓰임 이 적절 하 지 않 은 것 은 ? ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ 위 글 의 제목 으로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① Small Groups of People Make the World Better ② New Technology Results in Startups ③ The Smaller , the Greater the Risk Is ④ A Lone Genius Makes a Better Strategy ⑤ Why Are Big Organizations More Dangerous ? 34 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . If you want to use the inclined plane to help you move an object ( and who wouldn ’ t ? ) , then you have to move the object over a ⓐ longer distance to get to the desired height than if you had started from directly below and moved upward . This is probably already ⓑ clear to you from a lifetime of stair climbing . Consider all the stairs you climb compared to the actual height you reach from where you started . This height is always ⓒ less than the distance you climbed in stairs . ( A ) __________, ⓓ more distance in stairs is traded for less force to reach the intended height . Now , if we were to pass on the stairs altogether and simply climb straight up to your destination ( from directly below it ) , it would be a shorter climb for sure , but the needed force to do so would be ⓔ smaller . ( B ) __________, we have stairs in our homes rather than ladders . * inclined plane ( 경 ) 사면 위 글 의 주제 로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① ways to discriminate super energy ② reason we take advantage of stairs ③ relation of distance and force in moving objects ④ limitations on moving objects efficiently ⑤ importance of utilizing force to move upward 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 , 문맥 상 낱말 의 쓰임 이 적절 하 지 않 은 것 은 ? ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ 위 글 의 빈칸 ( A ) , ( B ) 에 들어갈 말 로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ( A ) ( B ) ① In addition However ② In addition Likewise ③ For instance Therefore ④ In other words However ⑤ In other words Therefore 35 . 다음 글 을 읽 고 물음 에 답 하 시 오 . The first commercial train service began operating between Liverpool and Manchester in 1830 . Ten years later , the first train timetable was issued . The trains were much faster than the old carriages , so the ⓐ peculiar differences in local hours became a severe nuisance . In 1847 , British train companies put their heads together and ⓑ agreed that henceforth all train timetables would be adjusted to Greenwich Observatory time , rather than the local times of Liverpool , Manchester , or Glasgow . More and more institutions ⓒ followed the lead of the train companies . Finally , in 1880 , the British government took the ⓓ precedented step of legislating that all timetables in Britain must follow Greenwich . For the first time in history , a country adopted a national time and obliged its population to live according to an ⓔ artificial clock rather than local ones or sunrise ­ to ­ sunset cycles . * nuisance 골칫거리 위 글 의 제목 으로 가장 적절 한 것 은 ? ① Local Hours Do Not Always Vary ② How Was a National Time Made ? ③ The Origin of the Commercial Train ④ Trains Bring Convenience Everywhere ⑤ The Unique Differences in Local Hours 위 글 의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 , 문맥 상 낱말 의 쓰임 이 적절 하 지 않 은 것 은 ? ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ 위 글 을 읽 고 답 할 수 없 는 질문 은 ? ① When did the first commercial train run ? ② What was a severe nuisance in 1840 ? ③ What did British train companies agree on in 1847 ? ④ What action did the British government take in 1880 ? ⑤ How different were an artificial clock and local ones ?