첨부 파일 : 작성자 : 세계 기후 변화 종합 상황실 작성 일자 : 2011 - 07 - 20 조 회수 : 1018 
 제목 [ global ​- energy ] Issue - is water green ? 
 “ Water , water , everywhere … ” ( The Ancient Mariner ) 
 So , let me concentrate for a minute on the top 3 rivers in France that are not frontiers – Rhone , Loire and Garonne – they have a total estuary outflow of 2 980 cu . m / s or 10 . 7 Mcu . m / h or 257 . 5 M / day or 94 bcu . m / yr . Now I add a touch of imagination and suppose we could recover some 20 % of this unsalted water , i . e . , 20 billion cu . m / yr . How is another question , but I don ’ t think an extra 3 nuclear stations on their estuaries , to be used to pump the water back inland would be out of order in an ambitious water reclaim programme . I see a future H 20 grid criss - crossing Europe to meet the hydric shortfalls of the future . Ocean water ( plentiful ) of course can be used , but there is the salt content and we know that desalination , although perfectly feasible , costs a packet . 
 The flow rates above are after France has already extracted nearly 31 . 6 billion cu . m ( 80 % from rivers and lakes , 20 % from underground sources ) but to be exact here only 6 are really “ consumed ” and do not return to Nature as liquid effluents . So 25 . 6 do in fact “ return ” to the sea ( over 80 %). 
 We all know that the next big resource crunch is going to be access to healthy water , to the point that the United nations declared July 28 , 2010 “ Access to clean water and sanitation is a human right ” while the UN Millennium Development Goal ( MDG ) 7 C states : “ Halve , by 2015 , the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation ” . The Academies of Science of the G 8 + countries stressed at their March 24 - 25 meeting in Paris this year that “ accessibility , quality and protection of water resources are fundamental to human health in rural and urban areas worldwide . … / … Furthermore , through population growth , increasing pollution and climate change , water as a resource will become scarcer : it is estimated that around 3 billion people will be living in water - scarce countries by 2050 . Today , almost 900 million people lack access to a clean water supply , with 2 . 6 billion people lacking proper sanitation : the direct and indirect effects of a lack of clean water and sanitation are profound . … / … “ 
 As we cover our hill - tops with wind turbines , and huff and puff ourselves greener than green for this light - density alternate fluky energy , I saw the 45 year celebration for our River Rance Tidal machine . There are 24 turbine + 10 MW alternators , that use both river flow and tidal effects to produce 500 GW / yr ( main source of electrical power for Brittany ) , for an on - line availability factor of 25 %, dependent on tidal coefficients and timetables . The cost , 12 cents € per kWh compared with straight nuclear at 3 cents €/ h ( outwith initial infrastructure outlay ) . 
 Next stop ? Bay of Fundy , Labrador ? No , I ’ ll stick with Green Galway , Green Ireland , it just rains there ! ! No need for ice in the wh . ..!! 
 Cheers to all my energy - intensive friends , I ' ll read it all when I get back . .. 
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