[ 오픈 소스 컨설팅 ] 오픈 소스 만 파 는 스타트업 _ 이야기 _ v 1 
 Presentatie gomv 3 juni 2010 raadsc . .. 
 by Rigtje Kooijenga 
 2010 JPS Teach American History 
 The West and Cotton CultureJeff Kolnick , JPS Workshop Summer 2010 < br / > 
 The West < br / > 
 How do we teach “ The West ? ”< br / > Cowboys and Indians < br / > Covered Wagons and Pioneers < br / > Environment and Mining < br / > Farming and Land < br / > Immigrants and Railroads < br / > Gunfights and Saloons < br / > Pioneer Women and Children < br / > Where is “ The West ? ”< br / > Can the South be part of “ The West ? ”< br / > 
 Two Dominant Images of the West < br / > 
 The South as West < br / > Land taking ? < br / > Indian killing ? < br / > Pioneer families ? < br / > Frontier violence ? < br / > Cotton and farming ? < br / > Labor ? ?< br / > 
 Looking West : The Louisiana Purchase and the War of 1812 < br / > The 1803 purchase of Louisiana from France pointed to the direction of the nation ’ s future : Jefferson ’ s Empire of Liberty . < br / > Though there are many causes to the War of 1812 , the dispute with the British over lands in the West is a key . < br / > Battle of New Orleans secures the lands purchased by Jefferson from the French . < br / > The ultimate result of the war was to open lands in the West to white settlement , including lands in the South that would use slave labor . < br / > Black Americans served in the war as soldiers and sailors for the US , playing a key roles in the Battle of New Orleans , making up one in ten sailors in the US Navy on the Great Lakes , and participating significantly in the defense of Philadelphia . < br / > Once again the British offered freedom to enslaved Africans who made it to their lines and at least eight thousand successfully escaped , making this the largest act of self liberation between the Revolution and the Civil War . < br / > 
 Cotton and the West : Impacts < br / > The unsettling impact of the Revolution was lost in the South . < br / > Massive resettlement and movement of enslaved Africans . < br / > Very heavy investment of southern whites in the idea of slavery and the creation of the cotton south as the idea of Dixie . < br / > Enormous profits for many , planters and traders in particular . < br / > 
 Cotton Culture < br / > Sea Island Cotton was grown in the colonies along the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia during colonial times . < br / > During the Revolution , short staple cotton was grown due to a shortage of fiber for fabrics . < br / > The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 allowed for the expansion of cotton cultivation into the West and black belts of the eastern seaboard states . < br / > Though less arduous than sugar of rice cultivation , cotton plantations required massive work loads and sunup to sundown labor 52 weeks a year . < br / > In 1790 the south produced 3 , 155 bales of cotton . In 1800 it was 73 , 145 and by 1830 it was 334 , 378 bales . < br / > 
 Labor < br / > Planting , cultivation , and harvesting occurred for most enslaved people in a gang labor system and began before sunrise and ended at sunset and occurred in all kinds of weather . < br / > Besides those tasks associated with cultivation , those folk who worked in the fields did all the other tasks associated with farming including breaking ground , clearing land , lumbering , fencing , livestock raising , etc . < br / > Then there were the skilled trades associated with the mechanics of ginning , carpentry and building , and other crafts necessary for maintaining a farm . < br / > 
 Population Movement and the Internal Slave Trade < br / > In 1810 , before the War of 1812 , about 40 , 000 non indigenous people lived in what is now Mississippi and Alabama . In 1820 , that number has risen to 200 , 000 and would reach 1 , 000 , 000 by 1840 , a substantial portion of which were enslaved Africans . < br / > Ira Berlin , in a new books looks at migration as a central theme in black history . He posits the idea of Four Great Migrations . < br / > The international Slave Trade , abolished in 1807 . < br / > The internal slave trade . < br / > The Great Migration to the North in the middle years of the 20 th century . < br / > The new migrants to the US from Africa and the African Diaspora after the Immigration Reform Act of 1965 . < br / > 
 The Internal Slave Trade < br / > Tremendously disruptive on those who experienced it . < br / > Profoundly negative impact on family and community which had to be reconstituted , and on the health of those who endured the trade . < br / > Up to 1820 , the movement of enslaved people followed the movement of planters , first south into Middle and South Georgia and then west . After this , a formal trade with middlemen became more significant . < br / > Even larger than these distant migrations was a thriving local market that also had negative impacts . < br / > Most of the forced migrants were young and male , and if you entered the interstate trade , it was likely a one way trip . < br / > 
 Concluding Remarks ? < br / > What worked ? < br / > What didn ’ t ? < br / > What ’ s up ? < br / > 
 The Archived Canadian Patent Competitive Intelligence ( 2012 / 11 / 6 ) 
 The Archived Canadian Patent Competitive Intelligence ( 2012 / 2 / 14 ) 
 The archived Canadian US Patent Competitive Intelligence Database ( 2015 / 7 / 21 ) Muchiu ( Henry ) Chang , PhD . Cantab