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 If a drop in performance has occurred or leakage is evident , a hydraulic cylinder requires attention . An initial , visual inspection should be carried out with the cylinder in place . 
 Hydraulic fluid beneath the gland or dampness on the piston rod indicates worn cylinder rod gland seals . This can be rectified using a Parker Gland Service Cartridge Kit . 
 Tip – before replacing the gland , consider why wear has occurred . Worn or misaligned mountings result in side - loading of the gland and piston bearing surfaces , and will cause rapid failure of any replacement parts . If wear is identified , the cause should be corrected before a repair is carried out . 
 Is the piston rod bent or scored ? 
 Examine the extended piston rod for condition . If there are signs of pitting or scoring , or if the rod is bent ( buckled ) , the hydraulic cylinder will need to be overhauled . If extensive work is required , replacement may be a quicker and more cost - effective option . 
 Tip – before overhaul or replacement , consider why damage has occurred . If the piston rod is bent and the major force is applied on the ‘ push ’ stroke , is the piston rod strength adequate for the load ? Are the cylinder and load in alignment ? Is the load which the hydraulic cylinder is pushing able to move freely ? 
 Are the mountings secure and in good condition ? 
 A wide variety of mounting styles for hydraulic cylinders is available . With fixed mountings , ensure that all bolts are tight and that there is no evidence of movement between the mounting surfaces . Where pivot mountings are used , check for adequate lubrication and condition . Worn mountings are a common cause of misalignment and should be repaired or replaced . 
 Tip – correct grades of mounting bolt and figures for torque loading are shown in the relevant cylinder catalogue . Click here for product catalogues , select the appropriate cylinder series and choose ‘ Mounting Information ’ from Bookmarks . 
 To obtain seal kits or parts to repair or rebuild a hydraulic cylinder , or to specify a replacement cylinder , the precise specification of the existing cylinder is required . This can be found from the cylinder ’ s model code or serial number . 
 The model code is shown on a plate attached to the head or cap of the hydraulic cylinder . If the plate is damaged or missing , the cylinder can be identified from its stamped serial number , usually found on the head . Please contact us for accurate identification by serial number . 
 A typical model code for a hydraulic cylinder is 100 – C – K – JJ – P – HMI – R – N – S – 2 – 4 – M – C – 200 – M – 11 – 44 , where : 
 100 - bore ( mm ) 
 C - head end cushion ( where fitted ) 
 K - double rod cylinder ( where specified ) 
 JJ - type of mounting 
 P - mounting modifications ( where specified ) 
 HMI - cylinder series 
 R - port type 
 N - piston type 
 S - special features ( where specified ) 
 2 - piston rod number ( various diameters available ) 
 4 - piston rod end style ( male / female , thread etc . ) 
 M - rod end thread 
 C - cap end cushion ( where fitted ) 
 200 - stroke ( mm ) 
 M - fluid type and temperature range 
 11 - port positions 
 44 - air bleed positions ( where specified ) 
 A full description of these options is available from the relevant cylinder catalogue – click here to access . 
 To obtain a Gland Cartridge Service Kit 
 Gland cartridge service kits are selected by reference to the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder ’ s piston rod . A typical kit code has the form RG 2 HM 0181 , which denotes : 
 RG - rod gland kit 
 2 HM - HMI / HMD series cylinders 
 018 - 18 mm diameter rod 
 1 - standard seals for mineral oils , - 20 ° C to + 80 ° C temperature range 
 Full details of service kits , with fitting instructions , are shown in the hydraulic cylinder maintenance bulletins – click here to access . Gland wrench and gland spanner tools of the correct size should be used to avoid damage to the new gland and piston rod . 
 Major overhaul or replacement of the hydraulic cylinder 
 Where more extensive work is required or where the facilities to carry out an efficient repair are not available , the hydraulic cylinder should be returned to a Parker authorised repairer for overhaul – see ‘ Where to Buy ’ above . For both repair and replacement , please supply the model code number as shown on the model code plate , and the serial number if visible .