쉔 부른 궁전 ( Schloss Schönbrunn ) ( 3 ) . 빈 ( Wien , Vienna ) . 오스트리아 ( Austria ) Joseph I to Maria Theresa & Joseph II Joseph I was an adherent of the early Enlightenment . In contrast to his father Leopold I he preferred to work in concert with his advisers & referred to himself as ' first among equals , ' His early death led to his younger brother Charles becoming Holy Roman Emperor & ruler over the Habsburg lands . Charles , who had grow up on Spain , assumed the reins of government as Charles VI . In 1713 he promulgated a law that was intended he division of the Habsburg & the secession of any of the Austrian hereditary lands . Known as the Pragmatic Sanction , this document also ensured the female succession , with the result that Charles ' s elder daughter , Maria Theresa became monarch of the Austrian hereditary lands upon his death . When Maria Theresa assumed the regency in Austria of her father in 1740 , she was forced to defend her inheritance against France & Prussia . After years of warfare , with & defeats on all sides , Maria Theresa ultimately lost the rich province of Silesla together with other smaller territories to her arch - enemy , Frederick of Prussia . In return she received the Prussian monarch ' s support & recognition in the election of her husband , Franz Stephan of Lorranine , as Holy Roman Emperor in 1745 , and of her son & heir Joseph nearly twenty years later in 1764 In keeping with Habsburg tradition Maria Theresa married off many of her sixteen children for political considerations . She took the first steps towards modernising the administration & the judiciary , abolishing torture & introducing compulsory universal primary education After the death of her husband , she ruled over the Austrian hereditary lands for fifteen years as co - regent with her son Joseph II , who was simultaneously Holy Roman Emperor . Joseph ' s reign saw the abolition of the death penalty , the abolition of serfdom , the tolerance edict & the provision of care for the poor & mentally sick . He used his personal inheritance of 22 million gulden ( around EUR 800 million ) to pay off the national debt & to fund the construction of the General Hospital in Vienna . His attempts to initiate reforms in the policies of the Holy Roman Empire failed & made him numerous enemies . Joseph I . 1700 Recognition of the Pragmatic Sanction by the Lower Austrian Estates . 1720 Empress Maria Theresa in a rose - coloured gown . Oil painting by Martin van Meytens , c . 1760 / 64 Emperor Franz I . StephanOil painting 1770 Emperor Joseph IILithograph by Schlesinger , c . 1850 Vienna General Hospital with the ' Fools Tower . ' Coloured copperplate engraving . 1787 Schonbrunn in the time of widowhoodThe sudden death of Emperor Franz I Stepha in 1765 was followed by a new phase of decoration in the palace in which several of the rooms the imperial couple had shared were transformed into memorial rooms with precious Chinese lacquer panels & costly tropical hardwoods . The palace & its gargens were more or less completed by 1770 , although Schonbrunn Hills , rising behind the Great Parterre , was as yet merely a clearing in the forest , After considering elaborate plans by ther court architect Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf von Hohenberg ( 1733 - 1816 ) , which the dowager empress discussed in numerous letters with her daughter Marie Antoinette , the French queen , Maria Theresa decided on a simplified solution for this new part of the gardens , with the Neptune Fountain at the foot of the hill & the Gloriette on its crest . The laying out of Schonbrunn Hill was carried out in tandem with the redesigning of the Great Parterre , Here mythological figures executed by Johann Wilhelm Beyer & his workshop were placed along the lateral clipped hedges . At the same time several architectural features were erected in the park , including the Roman Ruin , the Obelisk Fountain & the eponymous " Schoner Brunnen " or " Fair Spring ". By 1780 , the final year of Maria Theresa ' s life , all the work had been completed , & one year previously the park & gardens with the exception of the Privy Gardens had been opened to the general public . Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf von Hohenberg . 1790 Das Grobe Parterre und der Schonbrunner Berg . Zeichnung von Carl Schutz nach Entwurf von Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf von Hohenberg ; um 1772 Maria Theresia mit dem Gartenplan von Schonbrunn . Ausschnitt aus Gemalde von Anton von Maron ; 1775 Gloriette . Photograph Alexander Koller . Neptunbrunnen , Detail . Photograph Allexander Koller . Leopold II to the end of the Monarchy The younger brother of Joseph II , Emperor Leopold II ruled for only two years . His early death spelled the end for the polities of reform , as his son and successor Franz turned towards conservatism . The first years of Emperor Franz II ' s reign were overshadowed by the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars . Though a conscientious and hard - working monache , he tended to hamper rather than advance the affairs of state . With the princes of the Holy Roman Empire increasingly siding with Napoleon , he proclaimed the Empire of Austria 1 n 1804 , and in 1806 dissolved the Holy Roman Empire , thus ending its existence after more than a thousand years . His new title was to be inherited by each ruler from the House of Austria , without affecting the constitution of the individual hereditary lands . Under his rule as Franz I of Austria a powerful police were developed with its own system of spies and informants that assumed more alarming proportions during the reign of this son and successor Ferdinand I under the aegis of the state chancellor Prince Celemens von Metternich . During the revolution in 1848 Ferdinand abdicated in favour of his eighteen - year - old nephew Franz Joseph . The early years of Emperor Franz Joseph ' s reign were marked by military defeats . Austria lost its dominant position in Germany and Italy as well as numerous allies to the east and west . Clumsy diplomacy led to Russia becoming a powerful adversay . Bismarck exploited the situation and persuaded Franz Joseph to enter into an alliance with Germany , thus creating a relationshop of dependency that lasted until the end of the First World War . The Compromise with Hungary in 1867 gave privileges to ethnic Germans and Magyars , provoking a struggle for dominance among the peoples of the monarchy . The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand , the heir to the throne , in Sarajevo in 1914 led to the outbreak of the First World War , with one declaration of war triggering another . When Emperor Franz Joseph died at Schonbrunn in 1916 he left the throne to his great - nephew Karl at a point when the eventual collapse of the monarchy was already on the horizon . On 11 November 1918 Karl renounced all participation in the affairs of government , thus ending the monarchy in Austria . Kaiser Franz I . von Osterreichmit den osterreichischen Kroninsignien . Emperor Franz I of Austriawith the Austrian crown insignia . Coloured litograph by H . Schlesinger , 1850 s Emperor Franz Joseph in the full dress uniformof an Austrian field marshal . Oil painting by Franz Rub . 1863 The German princes paying tribute to Emperor Franz Joseph on the occasion of his 60 th jubilee in 1908 . Coloured print after a painting by Franz Matsch , 1908 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand , heir to the throne , and his wife on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo . Contemporary newspaper , 1914 Kaiser Karl I . von Osterreich . Lichtdruck nach historischer Photographie von KoselEmperor Karl I of AustriaPhototype after a vintage photography by Kosel Document signed by Emperor Karl I on II November 1918 , renouncing all participation in the affairs of government Copy of the last original . 크 게 보 기