Without luck . No ty <| sep |> Are you interested in a Guardian GT ? <| sep |> Utility theory is aggregated to provide a societallevel utility that is often used to make public policy . Thus utility theory leads to utility maximization which leads to expected utility for lotteries which leads to public policies assuming individuals obey utility theory assumptions and will make better decisions if they earn their money rather than getting it for free . See Reddy ' s blog entry , Situating M i c roeconomicsmicroeconomics Ideas about how the economy functions may at times serve particular interests , whether directly or indirectly . This may in turn create enabling conditions or incentives for those interests to shape economics in certain ways or cause certain ideas to be ' selected ', even if there is not express intention to do so . How does the ' force field ' created by this social and political role affect economic ideas generally , and microeconomic ideas in particular ? Even if one shies away fom a laden term such as ' ideology ', in what ways does standard microeconomic theory reflect or reinforce the ambient common sense of ' market culture ' notwithstanding its high theoretic mathematical form . The mathematics that prove markets allocate most efficiently , and therefore only private agents can create money , rests on basic assumptions of utility theory that are made more for reasons of making the subsequent proofs more tractable . Basically mainstream economics starts with a normative theory and makes assumptions about utility functions of individuals that allows them to arrive at their predefined conclusion .