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 3 GPP LTE ( Long Term Evolution ) is the name given to a project within the Third Generation Partnership Project to improve the UMTS mobile phone standard to cope with future technology evolutions . Goals include improving spectral efficiency , lowering costs , improving services , making use of new spectrum and refarmed spectrum opportunities , and better integration with other open standards . The LTE air interface will be added to the specification in Release 8 and can be found in the 36 - series [ 1 ] of the 3 GPP specifications . Although an evolution of UMTS , the LTE air interface is a completely new systems based on OFDMA in the downlink and SC - FDMA ( DFTS - FDMA ) in the uplink that efficiently supports multi - antenna techologies ( MIMO ) . The architecture that will result from this work is called EPS ( Evolved Packet System ) and comprises E - UTRAN ( Evolved UTRAN ) on the access side and EPC ( Evolved Packet Core ) on the core side . 
 3 An " All IP Network " ( AIPN ) 
 4 E - UTRA Air Interface 
 4 . 1 Downlink 
 4 . 2 Uplink 
 6 Carrier adoption 
 10 External links for more information 
 Peak download rates of 326 . 4 Mbit / s for 4 x 4 antennas , 172 . 8 Mbit / s for 2 x 2 antennas for every 20 MHz of spectrum . [ 2 ] 
 Preliminary requirements have been released for LTE Advanced , expected to be part of 3 GPP Release 10 [ 3 ] . If possible LTE Advanced will be a software upgrade for LTE networks and enable peak download rates over 1 Gbit / s that fully supports the 4 G requirements as defined by the ITU - R . It also targets faster switching between power states and improved performance at the cell edge . A first set of requirements has been approved in June 2008 . [ 4 ] 
 The LTE standard reached the functional freeze milestone in March 2008 . Stage 2 Freeze is scheduled for mid 2008 and official ratification in December 2008 . The standard has been complete enough that hardware designers have been designing chipsets , test equipment and base stations for some time . LTE test equipment has been shipping from several vendors since early 2008 & Motorola demonstrated a LTE RAN standard compliant eNodeB and LTE chipset at Mobile World Congress 2008 . 
 A characteristic of so - called " 4 G " networks such as LTE is that they are fundamentally based upon TCP / IP , the core protocol of the Internet , with higher level services such as voice , video , and messaging , built on top of this . In 2004 , the 3 GPP proposed this as the future of UMTS and began feasibility studies into the so - called All IP Network ( AIPN . ) These proposals , which included recommendations in 2005 for 3 GPP Release 7 [ 5 ] ( though some aspects were in releases as early as 4 [ 6 ] ) , form the basis of the effort to build the higher level protocols of evolved UMTS . The LTE part of this effort is called the 3 GPP System Architecture Evolution . 
 At a glance , the UMTS back - end becomes accessible via a variety of means , such as GSM ' s / UMTS ' s own radio network ( GERAN , UTRAN , and E - UTRAN ) , WiFi , and even competing legacy systems such as CDMA 2000 and WiMAX . Users of non - UMTS radio networks would be provided with an entry - point into the IP network , with different levels of security depending on the trustworthiness of the network being used to make the connection . Users of GSM / UMTS networks would use an integrated system where all authentication at every level of the system is covered by a single system , while users accessing the UMTS network via WiMAX and other similar technologies would handle the WiMAX connection one way ( for example , authenticating themselves via a MAC or ESN address ) and the UMTS link - up another way . 
 Release 8 ' s air interface , E - UTRA ( Evolved UTRA , the E - prefix being common to the evolved equivalents of older UMTS components ) would be used by UMTS operators deploying their own wireless networks . It ' s important to note that Release 8 is intended for use over any IP network , including WiMAX and WiFi , and even wired networks . [ 7 ] 
 The proposed E - UTRA system uses OFDMA for the downlink ( tower to handset ) and Single Carrier FDMA ( SC - FDMA ) for the uplink and employs MIMO with up to four antennas per station . The channel coding scheme for transport blocks is turbo coding and a contention - free quadratic permutation polynomial ( QPP ) turbo code internal interleaver . [ 8 ] 
 The subcarrier spacing in the OFDM downlink is 15 kHz and there is a maximum of 1200 subcarriers available . Number of subcarriers is dependent on the used bandwidth ( 1 . 4 MHz and up to 20 Mhz ) , subcarriers don ' t occupy 100 % of the used bandwidth as Cyclic Prefixes ( Guards ) occupies a part of it . The Mobile devices must be capable of receiving all subcarriers but a base station need only support transmitting 72 subcarriers . The transmission is divided in time into time slots of duration 0 . 5 ms and subframes of duration 1 . 0 ms . A radio frame is 10 ms long . 
 The currently proposed uplink uses SC - FDMA multiplexing , and QPSK or 16 QAM ( 64 QAM optional ) modulation . SC - FDMA is used because it has a low Peak - to - Average Power Ratio ( PAPR ) . Each mobile device has at least one transmitter . If virtual MIMO / Spatial division multiple access ( SDMA ) is introduced the data rate in the uplink direction can be increased depending on the number of antennas at the base station . With this technology more than one mobile can reuse the same resources . [ 9 ] 
 In September 2006 , Siemens Networks ( today Nokia Siemens Networks ) showed in collaboration with Nomor Research the first live emulation of a LTE network to the media and investors . As live applications two users streaming an HD - TV video in the downlink and playing an interactive game in the uplink have been demonstrated . [ 10 ] 
 In September 2007 , NTT Docomo demonstrated LTE data rates of 200 Mbit / s with power consumption below 100 mW during the test . [ 11 ] 
 Motorola demonstrated how LTE can accelerate the delivery of personal media experience with HD video demo streaming , HD video blogging , Online gaming and VoIP over LTE running a RAN standard compliant LTE network & LTE chipset . [ 1 ] 
 Ericsson demonstrated a portable LTE terminal showing streaming video . [ 12 ] 
 In April 2008 , Motorola demonstrated the first EV - DO to LTE hand - off - handing over a streaming video from LTE to a commercial EV - DO network and back to LTE . [ 2 ] 
 In April 2008 , LG and Nortel demonstrated LTE data rates of 50 Mbit / s while travelling at 110 km / h . [ 16 ] 
 Researchers at Nokia Siemens Networks and Heinrich Hertz Institut have demonstrated LTE with 100 Mbit / s Uplink transfer speeds . [ 9 ] 
 AT & T Mobility has stated that they intend on upgrading to LTE as their 4 G technology , but will introduce HSUPA and HSPA + as bridge standards . [ 17 ] 
 T - Mobile , Vodafone , France Télécom , Telia Sonera and Telecom Italia Mobile have also announced or talked publicly about their commitment to LTE . 
 However , several networks that don ' t use these standards are also upgrading to LTE : 
 Verizon Wireless , Bell Mobility , the newly formed China Telecom / Unicom and Japan ' s KDDI have announced they have chosen LTE as their 4 G network technology . This is significant , because these are CDMA carriers and are switching networking technologies to match what will likely be the 4 G standard worldwide . They have chosen to take the natural GSM evolution path as opposed to the 3 GPP 2 CDMA 2000 evolution path Ultra Mobile Broadband ( UMB ) . Verizon Wireless plans to begin LTE trials in 2008 . Bell Mobility plans to start LTE deployment in 2009 - 2010 . 
 It has been suggested that TTCN - 3 test specification language will be used for the purposes of LTE conformance testing . As of March 2008 , TTCN - 3 test suite development has been underway at ETSI . 
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