지난 겨울 방학 형 이랑 몬트 레이 중 고서점 에 들어가 Love in the Time of Cholera 랑 같이 산 책 이 다 . 사회학 의 초 대문 ! ? 내 목표 는 이 블로그 에 다른 독후감 같 은 책 에 대한 글 들 을 올리 는 거 였 지만 ( 책 을 4 권 이나 가지 고 갔 다 ) 이 책 을 갑자기 사 서 갑자기 읽 게 됐 다 . 끝내 기 는 내 새로운 로렌스 집 에서 읽 었 다 . 엄청 흥미 로운 초 대문 이 었 던 것 만큼 내 가 줄 쳐 놓 았 던 부분 들 을 다시 읽 고 기록 하 고 싶 고 최근 에 같 은 저자 의 The Social Construction of Reality 와 Goffman 의 The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life 도 주문 했 다 . 버거 는 사회학 을 진지 하 게 처음 으로 접하 는 경험 을 한 아이 가 평생 살아왔 던 집 의 주소 를 배우 는 것 과 비유 한다 . 내 가 위치 한 나 의 온전 한 삶 을 체계 적 으로 찾 을 수 있 다는 사실 을 접하 는 경험 - 그리고 그 찾 는 다의 의미 를 얼마나 깊 고 올바른 표현 일까 - 이것 이 사회학 의 과제 가 아닌가 ? 그리고 섹스 에 대한 조크 가 너무 많 아서 그냥 재밌 는 책 이 다 . 첫 부분 은 사회학 을 다른 학문 과 어떻게 다른지 설명 하 고 ( 기억나 는 건 ' 만약 어떤 파티 에서 한 사람 이 자신 을 심리학자 로 소개 한다면 아마 많 은 흥미 와 관심 의 대상 이 되 겠 지만 사회 학자 는 한 보험 세일즈맨 과 다름없 는 대우 를 받 을걸요 . ..') 미국 과 유럽 ( 특히 독일 ) 의 사회학 적 관심 과 방향 의 차이 를 소개 한다 . ( 13 ) At the same time it is quite true that some sociologists , especially in America , have become so preoccupied with methodological questions that they have ceased to be interested in society at all . .. since in science as in love a concentration on technique is quite likely to lead to impotence . ( 19 ) Before some otherwise unoccupied psychologist sets out now to construct an aptitude test for sociologists on the basis of sublimated voyeurism . .. SOCIOLOGY AS A FORM OF CONSCIOUSNESS ( 39 ) Emile Durkheim . .. emphasized that society was a reality sui generis , that is , a reality that could not be reduced to psychological or other factors on different levels of analysis . The effect of this insistence has been a socereign disregard for individually intended motives and meanings in Durkheim ' s study of various phenomena . . This essentially Durkheimian approach has been carried over into the theoretical approach now called functionalism . " ( 40 ) Robert Merton - " Manifest / latent "( 41 ) Sociologists speak of " ideology " in discussing views that serve to rationalize the vested interests of some group . ( 46 ) Chicago School . .. a refutation of the respectable presupposition that only certain views of the world are to be taken seriously . .." ( 48 ) Dainel Lerner ( The Passing of Traditional Society ) . .. that raditional societies assign definite and permanent identities to their members . In modern society identity itself is uncertain and in flux . one does not really know what is expected of one as a ruler , as a parent , as a cultivated person , or as one who is sexually normal . ( 49 ) Someone once defined urbane sophistication as being the capacity to remain quite unperturbed upon seeing in front of one ' s house a man dressed in a turban and a loincloth , a snake coiled around his neck , beating a tom - tom as he leads a leashed tiger down the street . ( 50 ) It almost seems as if modern man , and especially modern educated man , is in a perpetual state of doubt about the nature of himself and of the universe in which he lives . ( 59 ) Truth , then , is not only a matter of geography but of the time of day . Today ' s " insight " becomes tomorrow ' s " rationalization , " and the other way around . " s ( 64 ) only the madman or the rare case of genius can inhabit a world of meaning all by himself . Ch . 4 Sociological Perspective - Man in Society Social control in American " familism . .." Social stratificationStatus Symbolism ( 81 ) With information of class , on can predict . .." whether the latter has sexual relations with his wife with the lights turned on or off . .." ( 87 ) Prefabrication of society . .. " Nor , indeed , do all these guardians of tradition have to exert much pressure on the principal players , since the expectations of their social world have long ago been built into their own projections of the future - they want precisely that which society expects of them " --- " institution "( 90 ) We have passed from the childish satisfaction at having an address to the grown - up realization that most of the mail is unpleasant . ( 91 ) Durkheim . .. " He then stated that social facts are " things , " having an objective existence outside of ourselves just like the phenomena of nature . .." Ch . 5 Sociological Perspective - Society in ManRole Theory - " A role may be defined as a typified response to a typified expectation . ( 96 ) one becomes wise by being appointed a professor , believing by engaging in activities that presuppose belief , and ready for battle by marching in formation . .." ( 97 ) Even very intelligent people , when faced with doubt about their roles in society , will involve themselves even more in the doubted activity rather than withdraw into reflection . The theologian who doubts his faith will pray more and increase his church attendance . .. the terrorist who suffers from nightmares volunteers for nocturnal executions . "( 98 ) Identity is socially bestowed , socially sustained , and socially transformed . .. Mead " genesis of the self is interpreted as being one and the same event as the discovery of society . .. He learns to play roles properly belonging to him by learning . .." to take the role of the other . " ( 102 ) " The intellectual becomes a slob after he is kidnapped by the army . The theological student progressively loses his sense of humor as he approaches ordination . .. the young man with anxieties about his virility becomes hell - on - wheels in bed when he finds a girl who sees him a s an avatar of Don Giovanni . .. we obtain the chilling perception that the prejudging not only concerns the victim ' s external fate at the hands of his oppressors , but also his consciousness as it is shaped by their expectations . .. human dignity is a matter of social permission . ( 109 ) That is why insincerity is rather a rare phenomenon . Most people are sincere , because this is the easiest course to take psychologically . SOCIOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE ( 115 ) The universality of religion , far from being a proof of its metaphysical validity , is explicable in terms of such social functions . 여기 에 대해선 Social Construction of Reality 에서 더 나옴 . .. REFERENCE - GROUP THEORY ( 118 ) Collectivity whose opinions , convictions and courses of action are decisive for the formation of our own opinions , convictions and courses of action . Ch . 6 SOCIETY AS DRAMA ( finding freedom in sociological claustrophobia ) ( 122 ) Freedom is not empirically available . .. An object , or an event , that is its own cause lies outside the scientific universe of discourse . Yet freedom has precisely that character . ( 126 ) The possibility of marginal existence in society is already an indication that the commonly agreed - upon meanings are not omnipotent in their capacity to coerced ( 145 ) Since society exists as a network of social roles , each one of which can become a chronic or a momentary alibi from taking responsibility for its bearer , we can say that deception and self - deception are at the very heart of social reality ( Bad Faith ) ( 147 ) The Man enables us to live inauthentically by sealing up the metaphysical questions that our existence poses . ..( 175 ) Some students of sociology . .. one will play the game without for a moment seriously doubting the ultimate validity of one ' s previous commonsense perspective 공유 하 기 글 요소