William Alston

William Payne Alston (November 29, 1921 – September 13, 2009) was an American philosopher. He made influential contributions to the philosophy of language, epistemology, and Christian philosophy. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago and taught at the University of Michigan, Rutgers University, University of Illinois, and Syracuse University.

Early life and education
Alston was born to Eunice Schoolfield and William Alston on November 29, 1921, in Shreveport, Louisiana. He graduated from high school when he was 15 and went on to Centenary College of Louisiana, graduating in 1942 with a Bachelor of Music in piano. During World War II, he played clarinet and bass drum in a military band in California. During this time, he became interested in philosophy, sparked by W. Somerset Maugham's book The Razor's Edge. After this, he engrossed himself in works by well-known philosophers such as Jacques Maritain, Mortimer J. Adler, Francis Bacon, Plato, René Descartes, and John Locke. After being discharged, he entered a graduate program for philosophy at the University of Chicago, even though he had never formally taken a class on the subject. While he was there, he learned more about philosophy from Richard McKeon and Charles Hartshorne, and he received his PhD in 1951.

Career
From 1949 until 1971, Alston was a professor at the University of Michigan, and he became professor of philosophy in 1961. He then taught at Rutgers University for five years, followed by the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign from 1976 to 1980 and then Syracuse University from 1980 to 1992.

His views on foundationalism, internalism versus externalism, speech acts, and the epistemic value of mystical experience, among many other topics, have been very influential. Like most contemporary American philosophers, Alston is counted among the analytic philosophers.

Together with Alvin Plantinga, Nicholas Wolterstorff, Robert Adams, and Michael L. Peterson, Alston helped to found the journal Faith and Philosophy. With Plantinga, Wolterstorff, and others, Alston was also responsible for the development of "Reformed epistemology" (a term that Alston, an Episcopalian, never fully endorsed), one of the most important contributions to Christian thought in the twentieth century. Alston was president of the Western Division (now the Central Division) of the American Philosophical Association in 1979, the Society for Philosophy and Psychology, and the Society of Christian Philosophers, which he co-founded. He was widely recognized as one of the core figures in the late twentieth-century revival of the philosophy of religion. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1990.

Death
Alston died in a nursing home in Jamesville, New York, on September 13, 2009, at the age of 87.

Bibliography
 Beyond "Justification": Dimensions of Epistemic Evaluation, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005. 
 A Sensible Metaphysical Realism (The Aquinas Lecture, 2001), Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press, 2001. 
 Illocutionary Acts and Sentence Meaning, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000. 
 A Realist Conception of Truth, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996. 
 Epistemic Justification: Essays in the Theory of Knowledge, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996. 
 The Reliability of Sense Perception, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993. 
 Perceiving God: The Epistemology of Religious Experience, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991. 
 Divine Nature and Human Language: Essays in Philosophical Theology. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989. 
 Philosophy of Language, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall, 1964

See also

 American philosophy
 List of American philosophers

References

Further reading

Category:1921 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:20th-century American philosophers
Category:21st-century American philosophers
Category:American Episcopalians
Category:American metaphysics writers
Category:Analytic philosophers
Category:Anglican philosophers
Category:Epistemologists
Category:Epistemology of religion
Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Category:Metaphysicians
Category:People from DeWitt, New York
Category:Philosophers from Louisiana
Category:Philosophers from New York (state)
Category:Philosophers of language
Category:Philosophers of religion
Category:Rutgers University faculty
Category:Syracuse University faculty
Category:University of Chicago alumni
Category:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign faculty
Category:University of Michigan faculty
Category:Writers from Shreveport, Louisiana