Sabana Grande, Puerto Rico

Sabana Grande () is a municipality of Puerto Rico located north of Lajas and Guánica; south of Maricao; east of San Germán; and west of Yauco. Sabana Grande is spread over seven wards and Sabana Grande Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Germán-Cabo Rojo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History
The municipality's name comes from the extensive plain that occupies the southern part of the municipality, better known as Sabana Grande Abajo. According to historian Mario Villar Roces, before 1808 there was a community with its own church on the land today known as Sabana Grande Arriba. Evidence of this is the oldest baptismal registry preserved from the area, as Sabana Grande was originally a sector of the municipality of San Germán.

Because the community was so far from the center of San Germán, residents felt a need to build a church, which was established as an auxiliary to the San Germán parish. The church was built and was devoted to San Isidro Labrador and Santa María de la Cabeza.

During Spanish rule, in order for a town to be established, the following had to take place: A group of vecinos ("neighbors" or citizens) that wanted to found a town had to grant a power of attorney to one or more other vecinos to represent them before the governor and viceroy. This person could authorize the founding of the town and the establishment of a parish. The grantors of the power of attorney had to be a majority in the given territory and more than ten in number. Once the case had been made, the governor appointed a "capitán poblador" or settlement official to represent the vecinos and one or more delegates, who usually lived in nearby cabildos, or hamlets. Proof was required that the settlement was so far from a church that it was very difficult for the settlers to partake of sacraments and municipal services. In general, proof was provided of the absence or bad condition of roads and bridges. If the petition was approved, it was required that the vecinos mark off the new municipality and build public works such as a church, a parish house, a government house (Casa del Rey), a slaughterhouse, and a cemetery, and to set aside land for the town square or plaza and the commons (ejidos). The vecinos were expected to cover the cost of building these works by levying special assessments. Usually one of the land owners donated some land for the founding. Once the requirements had been met, the governor authorized the founding of the town and the parish, and he appointed a Lieutenant at War who usually was the same capitán poblador.

There is some debate as to when Sabana Grande was founded. Some say that it was established in 1808, while others say it was established in 1813, a year after the town was politically established in 1812. Historian Villar Roces posits that although the exact date of the founding of the town is not found in any document in the municipal archives, 1813 should be considered the year it was legally founded because it coincides with the date of the first registry document. In entry number 23 in the third book of marriages, dated July 1, 1813, the priest is identified as "Priest Ecónomo of the Sabana Grande Parish Church," while previous entries were called "Attending Priests" or "Coadjutants of the Villa of San Germán."

Sabana Grande became an independent parish, under its own jurisdiction, in June 1813, with the first parish priest of the San Isidro Labrador y Santa María de la Cabeza Church being Martín Antonio Borreli.

On December 21, 1814, the first captain general of Sabana Grande, Pedro de Acosta, took office. Some local historians assert that he donated seventy cuerdas of land where the Kings House, priests house, a plaza, a butcher shop and a cemetery were established. Others say that this land was donated by Joaquín P. Rodríguez de la Seda y Almodóvar. Villar Roces adds that Juan Francisco de Acosta, brother of the mayor and parish priest of Sabana Grande, donated his house to the town so it could be used as the Kings House or council house.

The first families of Sabana Grande were the Vélez Borrero, García Almodóvar, Nazario de Figueroa, Acosta, Sanabria, Lugo, Rivera, Sepúlveda, del Toro, Montalvo, Irizarry, Borreli, Ramírez, Torres, Matos, Pabón, Dávila, Quiñones, Rodríguez de la Renta, Soltero, Segarra, Ortiz de la Renta, Ortiz de la Peña, Saavedra families and others. Also, Catalan families with the surnames of Busigó, Malaret and Serra, and a group of Greek immigrants with the surname Soto, all settled in the town from the time of its founding.

Geography

Sabana Grande is on the south west side. There are a number of rivers there: Río Guanajibo and its tributaries, Coco River, Flores River, and Río Grande.

Hurricane Maria
Hurricane Maria on September 20, 2017 triggered numerous landslides in Sabana Grande with the significant amount of rainfall.

Barrios

Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Sabana Grande is subdivided into barrios. The municipal buildings, central square and large Catholic church are located in a barrio referred to as .

Machuchal
Rayo
Rincón
Sabana Grande barrio-pueblo
Santana
Susúa
Tabonuco
Torre

Economy

Agriculture
Fruits, sugar and cattle on a small scale.

Special Communities Program

Spearheaded by then governor Sila María Calderón, Law 1-2001 was passed in 2001, to identify Puerto Rico's marginalized communities. In 2017, then governor Ricardo Rosselló created a new government agency to work with the Special Communities of Puerto Rico Program. Of the 742 places on the list of , the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Sabana Grande: Santana, Cerro Gordo, El Burén, Molinas and Susúa.

Demographics

Tourism

Landmarks and places of interest
The following are some of the well-known places of interest in Sabana Grande:
 San Francisco Estate, in , also known as , is a historic sugar mill complex with an hacienda house, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
 Museum of Art, City Hall
 The Sanctuary of the Virgin of the Rosary of the Well, , a  Catholic mission with millions of people in twenty countries
Susúa State Forest
Barco House 
Orlando López Recreational Center
 Igualdad Lodge #23 
 Masonic Cemetery, , is of countrywide significance under Criterion A in the area of Social History as the property is associated with a very important pattern of social and political events that took place during the nineteenth century in Puerto Rico. The construction of the cemetery came out as a result of the struggles among the Spanish political establishment and its ideological partner, the Roman Catholic Church, against the presence of the philosophical brotherhood commonly known as the Freemasons.
Placita de la Recordación

Culture

Festivals and events

Patron Celebrations
Virgen del Pozo Marathon - May
Petate Festival - December
 Carnaval Interentidades

Government

Like all municipalities in Puerto Rico, Sabana Grande is administered by a mayor. The current mayor is Miguel Ortíz Vélez, from the Popular Democratic Party (PPD). Ortíz was elected at the 1992 general election.

The city belongs to the Puerto Rico Senatorial district V, which is represented by two Senators. In 2012, Ramón Ruiz and Martín Vargas Morales, from the Popular Democratic Party, were elected as District Senators.

Transportation 
There are 27 bridges in Sabana Grande.

Symbols

Flag
The flag of Sabana Grande has four squares, two green and two yellow, alternating. In the center is the municipal coat of arms. The meaning of the flag comes from the coat of arms.

Coat of arms
The municipality's coat of arms contains the elements that represent the town's patron saints. The shovel and rake allude to San Isidro Labrador. It is believed this representation arose from the faith of the workers in the Sabana Grande countryside. When a bad drought came, they made promises in the hopes that their patron saint would save their crops. The urn represents the domestic tasks of Santa María de la Cabeza, the wife of San Isidro.

In the center is the leaf of the petate palm as an icon of a traditional industry of Sabana Grande. Above is the crown wall which, as a symbol of solidarity, civic unity and common defense, is a heraldic tribute that is part of the coat of arms of towns. The motto on the coat of arms is "Town of the Prodigies."

Education
Sabana Grande boasts several public and private schools within its territory. Public education is handled by the Puerto Rico Department of Education.

Some of the local schools are:

 Jose A. Castillo Elementary
 Jose Celso Barbosa Elementary 
 Rosendo Matienzo Cintron Elementary 
 Francisco Vazquez Puello Elementary 
 David Antorgiorgi Cordova Elementary and Middle School
 Juan I. Vega Elementary and Middle School
 Blanca Malaret Middle School
 Luis Negron Lopez High School
Jose R Gaztambide elementary

Private:
 The Academy of Saint Agustin and the Holy Spirit
 Santa Ana Bilingual School
 Christian Academy
 Baptist Academy

Famous people

 Augusto Malaret (Author)
 Dr. Manuel Quevedo Báez (author)
 Luis Negrón López (politics)
 Radames Vega - Gold Medallist of 1978 Juegos Centroamericanos 
 Confesor Acosta Ocasio (Liso)
 Santos Colón Vega cantante
 Félix Rigau Carrera - First Puerto Rican pilot and the first pilot to fly on air mail carrying duties in Puerto Rico.
 Ángel Rigau Ramos (poet)
 Aníbal González Irizarry (TV)
 Adalberto Rodríguez "Machuchal" (Comedian)
 Adrián Nelson Ramírez Vega (painter and poster artist)
 Ángel Gregorio Martínez (First Puerto Rican to die in World War II)
 Fidel Vélez (Patriot) (Intentona de Yauco)
 Godless (Black Metal Band)
 Calixto Carrera Montalvo (poet)
 John Ruiz (boxing-First Hispanic Heavyweight World Champion)
 Jose Vidro MLB All-Star
 Francis Rosas Comidian/Actor
 Jose "Witito" Martinez - Puerto Rico Baseball Legend
 Jonathan Sánchez MLB Pitcher, No Hitter, World Series Champion
 Sebastian "Papo" Marchany - Photography

See also

List of Puerto Ricans
History of Puerto Rico
National Register of Historic Places listings in Sabana Grande, Puerto Rico
Did you know-Puerto Rico?

References

External links
 Puerto Rico Government Directory - Sabana Grande
 Nueva Isla  - Sabana Grande

Category:Municipalities of Puerto Rico
 
Category:Populated places established in 1813
Category:San Germán–Cabo Rojo metropolitan area