Menominee Indian Reservation

The Menominee Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation located in northeastern Wisconsin held in trust by the United States for the Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin. For the most part it is conterminous with Menominee County, Wisconsin and the town of Menominee. It is known in the Menominee language as Omāēqnomenēw-Otāēskonenan, "Menominee Thing Set Apart". 

It has numerous small pockets of territory that are not considered to be part of the reservation. These pockets amount to 1.14 percent of the county's area; the reservation takes up about 98.86 percent of the county's area. The largest of these pockets is in the western part of the community of Keshena. A section of the reservation is located in the town of Red Springs, in Shawano County, Wisconsin. The reservation has a plot of off-reservation trust land of  in Winnebago County to the south, west of the city of Oshkosh. The reservation's total land area is , while Menominee County's land area is .

The non-reservation parts of the county are more densely populated than the reservation, with 1,337 (29.3%) of the county's 4,562 total population, as opposed to the reservation's 3,225 (70.7%) population in the 2000 census. (The plot of land in Winnebago County is unpopulated.) The most populous communities are Legend Lake and Keshena. The Menominee operate a number of gambling facilities.

Communities
Keshena (population 1,168)
Legend Lake (population 853)
Middle Village (population 35)
Neopit (population 637)
Zoar (population 106)

Education
The Menominee founded the College of the Menominee Nation, a tribal college, in 1993. It was accredited in 1998. The main campus is in Keshena.

Language

Both English as well as the Menominee language, part of the Algonquian language family, are used.

Economy

Lumber
The Menominee Indian Reservation contains a large forest that has been managed by the Menominee Tribe for over 150 years. About 15 million board feet are harvested by the forest every year. This forestry work has been recognized by the United Nations. Wood from the forest has gone to such places as the Milwaukee Bucks arena, Fiserv Forum. The types of trees harvested at the Menominee Indian Reservation include white ash, bigtooth aspen, quaking aspen, basswood, beech, eastern hemlock, eastern white pine, hard maple, pin oak, red oak, red pine, soft maple, and yellow birch.

Cannabis
An amendment to the 2014 Farm Bill authorized cultivation of industrial hemp. In addition, some states have authorized sale of medical cannabis, or marijuana.

In August 2015 the Menominee Indian Reservation held a vote on proposed measures to legalize medical and/or recreational cannabis. The Menonimee have the only American Indian reservation which falls only under federal law, rather than under the Wisconsin law Public Law 280. They are sovereign on their reservation. 

In October 2015, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agents raided the reservation, taking or destroying 30,000 plants. The Menominee said these were industrial hemp plants, the cultivation of which was authorized by federal law. The DEA contends it was marijuana.

References

Tiller, Veronica. Tiller's Guide to Indian Country: Economic Profiles of American Indian Reservations.  Bowarrow Publishing Company, 1996. 
Menominee Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Wisconsin United States Census Bureau

External links
The Menominee Indian Tribe official website
Information on treaties between the United States and the Menominee
"Menominee Termination and Restoration", Milwaukee Public Museum

Category:American Indian reservations in Wisconsin
Category:Native American tribes in Wisconsin
Category:Menominee County, Wisconsin
Category:Shawano County, Wisconsin
Category:Winnebago County, Wisconsin
Category:Kenosha, Wisconsin
Category:Menominee tribe