Dick Higgins

Dick Higgins (1938–1998) was an American composer, poet, printmaker, artist, and a co-founder of Fluxus.

Life
Higgins was born in Cambridge, England to American parents. He was raised in the United States in various parts of New England, including Worcester, Massachusetts, Putney, Vermont, and Concord, New Hampshire, and lived most of his life in the United States. Higgins was the son of Carter Chapin Higgins and Katherine Huntington Bigelow. His younger brother Mark Huntington Higgins was murdered in the Congo in 1960.

Higgins married fellow Fluxus artist Alison Knowles in 1960. One daughter of Higgins and Knowles, Hannah Higgins, is the author of Fluxus Experience, an authoritative volume about the Fluxus movement. Her twin sister, Jessica Higgins, is a New York based intermedia artist closely associated with seminal curator Lance Fung.

Career
Higgins heard the John Cage Twenty-five-year Retrospective Concert in May 1958, and began studying with him that summer.

Higgins and Alison Knowles both took part in the Wiesbaden, Germany Fluxus festival in 1962 that marked the founding of Fluxus activity. He founded Something Else Press in 1963, which published many important texts including Gertrude Stein, Bern Porter, Marshall McLuhan, Cage, Merce Cunningham, Cage's teacher Henry Cowell, as well as his contemporaries such as artists Allan Kaprow, Al Hansen, Claes Oldenburg and Ray Johnson as well as leading Fluxus members George Brecht, Wolf Vostell, Daniel Spoerri, Emmett Williams, Eric Andersen, Ken Friedman, and others. The Something Else Press series of "Great Bear Pamphlets," documented the earliest Fluxus performances.

Higgins coined the word intermedia <ref>Hannah B Higgins,"The Computational Word Works of Eric Andersen and Dick Higgins", Mainframe Experimentalism: Early Digital Computing in the Experimental Arts, Hannah Higgins, & Douglas Kahn, eds., pp. 271-281</ref> to describe his artistic activities, defining it in a 1965 essay by the same name, published in the first number of the Something Else Newsletter. His most notable contributions include Danger Music scores and the Intermedia concept to describe the ineffable inter-disciplinary activities that became prevalent in the 1960s. He was an early and ardent proponent and user of computers as a tool for art making, dating back to the mid-1960s, when Alison Knowles and he created the first computer generated literary texts. His A Book About Love & War & Death, a book-length aleatory poem published in 1972 included one of those. In his introduction, Higgins states, having finished the first three parts of the poem throwing dice, he wrote a FORTRAN IV program to produce part (or Canto) four. Higgins also created 'metadrama ' poems 'minimal emotional statements or narratives'. Between 1976 and 1994 he collaborated with the Italian writer and visual artist Luciano Caruso (poet) through email correspondence.

Higgins wrote and edited forty-seven books, including "George Herbert's Pattern Poems: In Their Tradition" and "On the Composition of Signs and Images", his edition of a Giordano Bruno text, which he annotated. He saw Bruno's essay on the art of memory also as an early text on intermedia. A Dialectic of Centuries: Notes towards a Theory of the New Arts collected many of his essays and theoretical works in 1976. In 1972 Higgins founded Unpublished Editions to publish his short novel Amigo, which was later renamed Printed Editions.

In 2018, Siglio Press published a posthumous collection of Higgins's writings titled Fluxus, Intermedia and the Something Else Press. Selected Writings by Dick Higgins edited by Steve Clay of Granary Books and Fluxus artist Ken Friedman .

Higgins died of a heart attack after a performance in Quebec, Canada.

Books
 What are Legends. Illustrated by Bern Porter. Calais, Maine: Bern Porter, 1960. 
 Jefferson’s Birthday/Postface. New York: Something Else Press, 1964. 
 A Book about Love & War & Death. Canto One. New York: Something Else Press, 1965. 
 Die Fabelhafte Geträume von Taifun-Willi. A Hear Show for the Boys at Garnisht Kiegele. Stuttgart: Reflection Press, 1966. 
 Act. A Game of 52 Soaphorse Operas. New York, NY: Threadneedle Editions, 1967. 
 Some Graphis Mirrors. New York, NY: Threadneedle Editions, 1967. 
 A Book about Love & War & Death. San Francisco: Nova Broadcast Press, 1969. 
 Foew&ombwhnw. A grammar of the mind and a phenomenology of love and a science of the arts as seen by a stalker of the wild mushroom. New York: Something Else Press, 1969. 
 Computers for the Arts. Somerville, Massachusetts: Abyss Publications, 1970. 
 Die Fabelhafte Geträume von Taifun Willi. Somerville, Massachusetts: Abyss Publications, 1970. 
 A Book About Love & War & Death. Barton, Vermont: Something Else Press, 1972. 
 For Eugene in Germany. Barton, Vermont: Unpublished Editions, 1973. 
 The Ladder to the Moon. Barton, Vermont: Unpublished Editions, 1973. 
 Modular Poems. Barton, Vermont: Unpublished Editions, 1974. 
 City with All the Angles. A Radio Play. West Glover Vermont: Unpublished Editions, 1974. 
 Spring Game. An Opera for Shadow Puppets. West Glover Vermont: Unpublished Editions, 1974. 
 Classic Plays. New York: Unpublished Editions, 1976. 
 Cat Alley. A Long Short Novel. Willits, California: Tuumba Press, 1976. 
 Five Traditions of Art History. An Essay. New York: Unpublished Editions, 1976. 
 An Exemplativist Manifesto. New York: Unpublished Editions, 1976. 
 Legends & Fishnets. Barton, Vermont: Unpublished Editions, 1976. 
 George Herbert's Pattern Poems. In Their Tradition. West Glover, Vermont: Unpublished Editions, 1977. 
 The Epitaphs = Gli Epitaphi. Napoli, Italy: Morra, 1977. 
 Everyone Has Sher Favorite (His or Hers). New York: Unpublished Editions, 1977. 
 Ett Exemplativistiskt Manifest. Lund: Kalejdoskop Förlag, 1977. 
 The Epickall Quest of the Brothers Dichtung and Other Outrages. Illustrated by Ken Friedman. New York: Printed Editions, 1978. 
 A Dialectic of Centuries. Notes Towards a Theory of the New Arts. New York: Printed Editions, 1978. 
 Of Celebration of Morning. New York: Printed Editions, 1980. 
 Piano Album. Short Piano Pieces, 1962-1984. New York: Printed Editions, 1980. 
 Twenty-Six Mountains for Viewing the Sunset From. Barrytown, New York: Printed Editions, 1981. 
 The Word and Beyond. Four Literary Cosmologists (with Richard Morris, Donald Phelps, and Harry Smith). New York: The Smith, 1982. 
 Horizons. The Poetics and Theory of the Intermedia. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984. 
 Pattern Poetry. Guide to an Unknown Literature. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987. 
 The Journey. Eight Colored Scenes. Barrytown, New York: Left Hand Books, 1992. 
 Buster Keaton Enters into Paradise. Barrytown, New York: Left Hand Books, 1994. 
 Modernism since Postmodernism. Essays on Intermedia. San Diego, California: San Diego State University, 1997. 

As editor with Wolf Vostell
 Pop Architektur. Concept Art. Düsseldorf: Droste, 1969. 
 Fantastic Architecture. New York: Something Else Press, 1971. 

See also

intermedia
Something Else Press

References

 Further reading 

 Steve Clay and Ken Friedman, eds. (2018). Fluxus, Intermedia and the Something Else Press. Selected Writings by Dick Higgins. Catskill, NY: Siglio. 

External links
 

 Fluxus Performance Workbook
 1966 Statement on Intermedia
 Dick Higgins' page on UbuWeb
 Ruud Janssen interview with Dick Higgins about mail art
 Dick Higgins Intermedia book back in print with SDSU Press (scroll down, near the bottom)

 Dick Higgins collection, 1958-2002 – at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County
 Dick Higgins Collection, 1968-1993 (MsC 790) – at the University of Iowa
 Dick Higgins papers, 1960-1994 – the Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
 Fluxus, Intermedia and the Something Else Press. Selected Writings by Dick Higgins. – Higgins book at Siglio Press edited by Steve Clay and Ken Friedman
 Something Else Newsletter – a complete open access set of Dick Higgins's Something Else Newsletter'' at Primary Information
 An Interview With Dick Higgins, 1971 – recorded at the KPFA studios on June 13, 1971, after Higgins resigned his post at California Institute of the Arts

Category:1938 births
Category:1998 deaths
Category:People from Cambridge
Category:Fluxus
Category:British emigrants to the United States
Category:Language poets
Category:Media theorists
Category:Signalism
Category:20th-century English poets
Category:Private press movement people