Canadian Forces Naval Reserve

The Canadian Forces Naval Reserve (NAVRES, ) is the Primary Reserve component of the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN). The primary mission of the NAVRES is to force generate sailors and teams for Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) operations, including: domestic safety operations as well as security and defence missions, while at the same time supporting the Navy's efforts in connecting with Canadians through the maintenance of a broad national presence.

History

Royal Naval Canadian Volunteer Reserve (1914–1918) 

Canada's modern Naval Reserve finds its origins with the Royal Naval Canadian Volunteer Reserve (RNCVR) created on 14 May 1914 under the provisions of Naval Service Act. Organised into Atlantic, Lake and Pacific subcommands, 8,000 Canadians enlisted for service in the RNCVS during WWI. Agreeing to serve in wartime with either the RCN or the British Royal Navy (RN), members of the RNCVR crewed 160 vessels, patrolling the shores of Canada and conducting convoy escort duties. The RNCVR was extinguished four years later and its personnel demobilized following the end of the war in 1918.

Royal Canadian Navy Volunteer Reserve (1923–1945) 

In 1923, the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve (RCNVR) was stood up and under the command of Rear-Admiral Walter Hose who authorized the creation of NRDs in every major Canadian city. In 1941 Naval Reserve divisions were granted the designations ‘His or Her Majesty’s Canadian ships’ and received its own command and a seat on the Naval Board. The new naval reserve establishment formed a robust reserve force building popular support amongst Canadians for the fledgling Canadian Navy. During the Second World War, the RCNVR became the backbone of the Canadian Navy, recruiting officers and sailors for the Navy. By the end of the war, Canada possessed the third-largest navy in the world, with a complement of nearly 100,000. Most of these men and women were members of the RCNVR.

Naval Reserve (1945–1968) 
With the end of the Second World War, the Naval Reserve was formed in 1945 replacing the RCNVR. Expected to maintain the same level of skill as the Regular Force, training and pay for reservists was equalised. Focused on minesweeping, escort, and coastal patrol; each division mirrored its organisation, training and crew with all officer branches and non-commissioned trades across the fleet. Despite successfully expanding the University Naval Training Division (UNTD), forming a dedicated 'Commanding Officer, Naval Divisions' command in 1953 and attaching various tender craft to NRD's; the Naval Reserve experienced suffered a decline in skill due to focusing on generalist skills and lack of opportunities to sea-going ships leading up to the unification of the Canadian Forces in 1968.

Canadian Forces Naval Reserve (1968-1990) 
With the unification of the Canadian Forces, the Naval Reserve was renamed the Canadian Forces Naval Reserve and years of decline set in. With no combat capability, except the Naval Reserve Naval Control of Shipping (NCS) program, the Naval Reserve lost political advocacy and was left out of any formal role in the Canadian Forces defence structure. Left outside the Canadian Forces structure, the Naval Reserve would rely on new and unique ways of keeping relevant during the Cold War years. With the UNTD program shuttered, for example, NRDs worked to expand their recruiting numbers by employing students at local level, and force generating sailors initially trained at the unit level to serve on major warships. Years of decline was finally ended with Canada's 1987 White Paper on defence policy Challenge and Commitments.

Canadian Forces Naval Reserve (1990-2001)

With more integration of the Primary Reserve into the 'Total Force Concept' as outlined by the 1987 Defence White Paper, and then confirmed in the 1994 follow-up White Paper, the naval reserve was tasked with providing niche capabilities to assist the Regular Force. One such task undertaken by the naval reserve was to spearhead enhancing RCN mine countermeasures (MCM) operation capabilities and by crewing twelve new KINGSTON-class coastal defence vessels (MCDV), that since their introduction in 1996, have significantly contributed to Canadian maritime security and allied commitments, both domestically and internationally. The naval reserve was additionally tasked with maintaining standing Port Inspection Diver (PID) teams, supporting Regional Dive Centres and supplying four non-standing Port Security units and four Naval Control and Guidance to Shipping (the former NCS, now NCAGS) units.

Mission 
The mission of the NAVRES is to generate trained individuals and teams for CAF operations, including domestic safety operations as well as security and defence missions, while at the same time supporting the RCN's efforts in connecting with Canadians through the maintenance of a broad national presence.

The tasks of the NAVRES is to:

 Respond to domestic safety operations with trained sailors and small boat expertise.
 Provide specific unique skill sets for security missions for the RCN.
 Augment the fleet on any platform or shore capacity for defence missions, both at home and abroad.
 Provide the linkage for the RCN to local communities.

NAVRES fills a number of roles within the Total Force Plan. In addition to augmenting the Regular Force, Naval Reservists form diving units and public relations units such as the National Band of the Naval Reserve.

Equipment 
As of 2019, naval reserve divisions (NRDs) across Canada primarily operate various types of inboard and outboard rigid-hull inflatable boats in addition to Defender-class boats operated by the Naval Security Team (NST). Most particularly, NAVRES is tasked with providing the personnel for the KINGSTON-Class Maritime Coastal Defence Vessels and Naval Security Team (NST).

Organization

Naval Reserve Divisions (NRD) 
Organized into 24 shore-based NRDs, Naval Reserve units are dedicated to training sailors to augment the Regular Force as well as functioning as local recruitment centres for the RCN and NAVRES. Manned by a small cadre of full-time reservists and Regular Force members to coordinate training and administration, operations at NRDs are conducted year-round with reservists frequently deploying on operations and training courses during the summer season.

Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ)  
Located in Quebec City at the Pointe-à-Carcy Naval Complex, Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) oversees the operation of all 24 NRDs across Canada. Co-located with NAVRESHQ is NRD HMCS Montcalm, Canadian Forces Fleet School Quebec (CFFS Québec) and the Naval Museum of Quebec - Stanislas-Déry Naval Museum.

Canadian Forces Fleet School Quebec (CFFS Québec)
Canadian Forces Fleet School Quebec (CFFS Québec) is the RCN's school dedicated to training reservists at various points of their careers and serving as the CAF centre of excellence for coastal and littoral warfare training .

Naval Security Team (NST) 

The Naval Security Team (NST) is a modular, scalable, flexible, and deployable naval team primarily composed of Naval Reservists, with Regular Force members rounding out the team when required. Tasked with providing enhanced force protection (FP) and security of deployed RCN ships and personnel at home or overseas, the NST deployed for the first time in 2017 providing force protection for  during her port visit to Busan, South Korea. Headquartered at Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Esquimalt the NST reports directly to the Commander Canadian Fleet Pacific

National Band of the Naval Reserve (NBNR) 

Each summer, musicians from the five NRD's come together to form the National Band of the Naval Reserve (NBNR) (). During the summer months the NBNR is a full-time touring military band composed of musicians from HMCS Chippawa, HMCS Montcalm, HMCS Star, HMCS Tecumseh and HMCS York.

Personnel 
Naval Reservists are individuals who are otherwise engaged in civilian careers while pursuing a military career in the CAF with NAVRES as an officer or non-commissioned member. They train and work for the Navy in the evenings, on weekends and during the summer period, in an occupation of their choice. They can be students, teachers, lawyers, delivery persons, secretaries, or other members of society. Most serve on a part-time basis, with no obligation to participate in any mission overseas. However, many full-time employment opportunities and deployments are available to those Reservists who volunteer for them.

Throughout their career, sailors may serve in three classes of service:

 Class A (part-time);
 Class B (full-time non-operational); or
 Class C (full-time operational).

Training and pay 
Reserve Force members are trained to the same level as their Regular Force counterparts. They usually begin training with their home unit to ensure that they meet the required basic professional military standards. They are paid 92.8% of Regular Force rates of pay, receive a reasonable benefits package and may qualify to contribute to a pension plan. In an effort to streamline the recruiting processes for naval reservists, in February 2017 NAVRES initiated the Expedited Reserve Enrolment to allow applicants who meet security, medical, and basic fitness standards to enroll in as few as 21 days or between two and three visits after initial contact with NRD recruiters.

Naval Reserve occupations 
The Canadian Armed Forces lists 28 occupations that are performed by either officer or non-commissioned members of the Naval Reserve. Many occupations – such as intelligence officer - are common across all three environments, while others – such as naval communicator – are specifically Navy. , the following occupations are listed as Naval Reserve occupations:

 Communications research operator
 Cook
 Biomedical electronics technologist
 Boatswain
 Chaplain
 Financial services administrator
 Health care administration officer
 Human resources administrator
 Imagery technician
 Intelligence officer
 Intelligence operator
 Legal officer
 Logistics officer
 Medical officer
 Marine technician
 Medical technician
 Military police
 Military police officer
 Musician
 Naval combat information operator
 Naval communicator
 Naval warfare officer
 Nursing officer
 Personnel selection officer
 Pharmacy officer
 Physiotherapy officer
 Public affairs officer
 Supply technician

Ranks

Commissioned officers

Non-commissioned members

Senior commanders 
Through the Commander of the Naval Reserve (Comd NAVRES), Commander Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) is the functional authority responsible for the organization and management of the Naval Reserve.

Commander Naval Reserve
Commodore Michael Hopper (2018-present)
Commodore Marta B. Mulkins (2015–2018)
Commodore David W. Craig,  (2011-2015)
Commodore Jennifer Bennett, CMM, CD (2007–2011)
Commodore Bob Blakely (2004–2007)
Commodore W.F. O'Connell (2000–2004)
Commodore Raymond Zuliani (1997-2000)
Commodore R. Beauniet (1995-1997)
Commodore Jean-Claude Michaud (1993-1995)

Senior Naval Reserve Adviser (SNRA)
Commodore Jean-Claud Michaud (1992-1993)
Commodore L.F. Orthlieb (1989-1992)
Commodore G.L. Peer (1986-1989)
Commodore Waldron Fox-Decent (1983-1986)
Commodore T.A.M. Smith (1977-1983)
Commodore R.T. Bennett (1974-1977)
Commodore D.R. Learoyd (1971-1974)
Commodore B.S.C. Oland (1967-1971)

Commanding Officer Naval Division (COND/Regular Force Officers)
Commodore G.C. Edwards (1965-1966)
Commodore P.D. Taylor (1960-1965)
Commodore E.W. Finch-Noyes (1958-1960)
Rear-Admiral K.F. Adams (1955-1958)
Commodore K.F. Adams (1953-1955)

Chief Staff Officer Reserves (CSOR)
Captain (naval) P.W. Earl (1945)
Captain (naval) P.B. Cross (1944-1945)

Commanding Officer Reserve/naval Divisions (CORD/COND)
Commodore, Second Class E.R. Brock (1942-1945)

Naval Reserve Chief Petty Officer / Formation Chief Naval Reserve
Chief Petty Officer 1st Class Michael Giguere (2017–Present)
Chief Petty Officer 1st Class David Arsenault (2014–2017)
Chief Petty Officer 1st Class Peter Caza (2012–2014)
Chief Petty Officer 1st Class Leroy Hearns (2010–2012)
Chief Petty Officer 1st Class Glynn Munroe (2007–2010)
Chief Petty Officer 1st Class Glenn Woolfrey (2004–2007)
Chief Petty Officer 1st Class John Redican (2001–2004)

See also 

 List of Naval Reserve divisions
Orca-class Patrol Craft Training (PCT) tender
YAG-300 (Yard Auxiliary, General) vessels
Rear Admiral Walter Hose, CBE

References

Further reading 
 

 
Category:Organizations based in Quebec City
Category:Reserve forces of Canada