Weissenhof Estate

The Weissenhof Estate (German:Weißenhofsiedlung) is a housing estate built for the Deutscher Werkbund exhibition in Stuttgart in 1927. It was an international showcase of what later became known as the International style of architecture. Two of the buildings were designed by the French-Swiss architect Le Corbusier and these are now part of the World Heritage Site The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement, which was designated in 2016. The World Heritage Site consists of 17 separate sites in seven countries.

History and description
The estate was built for the  Deutscher Werkbund exhibition in 1927, and included twenty-one buildings comprising sixty dwellings, designed by seventeen European architects.  The German architect Mies van der Rohe was in charge of the project on behalf of the city, and it was he who selected the architects, budgeted and coordinated their entries, prepared the site, and oversaw construction.  Le Corbusier was awarded the two prime sites, facing the city, and by far the largest budget.

The twenty-one buildings vary slightly in form, consisting of terraced and detached houses and apartment buildings, and display a strong consistency of design.  What they have in common are their simplified facades, flat roofs used as terraces, window bands, open plan interiors, and the high level of prefabrication which permitted their erection in just five months.  All but two of the entries were white.  Bruno Taut had his entry, the smallest, painted in various colors.

Advertised as a prototype of future workers' housing, in fact each of these houses was customized and furnished on a budget far out of a normal worker's reach and with little direct relevance to the technical challenges of standardized mass construction.  The exhibition opened to the public on 23 July 1927, a year late, and drew large crowds.

Homes

Of the original twenty-one buildings, eleven survive as of 2006. Bombing damage during World War II is responsible for the complete loss of the homes by Gropius, Hilberseimer, Bruno Taut, Poelzig, Max Taut (home 24), and Döcker. Another of Max Taut's homes (23) was demolished in the 1950s, as was Rading's.

List of homes

1-4: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 
5-9: J.J.P. Oud
10: Victor Bourgeois
Originally, the lot was to be built on by Adolf Loos, but he was scrapped from the list after run-ins with and criticism of the Werkbund. Instead, Bourgeois built a home that was more traditional than the planned design by Loos, which was to have an . One unique feature is a wine cellar from gravel rather than concrete. The two-story family home was damaged during the war, and was turned into a two-family dwelling afterward.
11 and 12: Adolf Gustav Schneck
13-15: Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret
16 and 17: Walter Gropius
18: Ludwig Hilberseimer
Designed for a family of six, painted in light gray. For reasons of economy, Hilberseimer's planned sliding windows were replaced with cheaper, conventional ones—when Hilberseimer visited the finished house, he did not recognize it. The building was destroyed in the war; a conventional home now occupies the plot.
19: Bruno Taut
Taut was part of the group on the recommendation of his older brother, Max Taut. House 19 is a single-family, two-story home with a basement, designed as a "proletarian's home." His house was painted red, blue, and yellow, and was destroyed in the war.
20: Hans Poelzig
Poelzig's contribution is a single-family, two-story home with a winter garden and a sun terrace as prominent features. It was destroyed in the war.
21 and 22: Richard Döcker
Döcker was assigned two lots in van der Rohe's plan, between Rathenaustraße and Bruckmannweg. He originally designed two connected homes, based on his belief in connections between buildings and spaces, but changed the plans after seeing that none of the other buildings on the estate were connected. Both were single-family homes, no. 22 with one and a half stories, including a garage (the only home on the estate with one). Döcker wanted brightly colored homes; what color they were painted can no longer be determined since both were destroyed completely in the war.
23 and 24: Max Taut
25: Adolf Rading
26 and 27: Josef Frank
28-30: Mart Stam
31 and 32: Peter Behrens
33: Hans Scharoun
A much more curved design than the other (angular) buildings, Scharoun's is a single-family home with two stories and a basement.

See also
New Frankfurt, Frankfurt 1925-32
Berlin Modernism Housing Estates, Berlin 1926
Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau, 1923-1930

References

External links 

 The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement / UNESCO Official Website 

Weissenhofmuseum

Category:International style architecture
Category:Buildings and structures in Stuttgart
Category:Modernist architecture in Germany
Category:Housing estates in Germany
Category:Residential buildings completed in 1927
Category:Modernist heritage districts