Slender-billed thornbill

The slender-billed thornbill (Acanthiza iredalei) is a small bird native to Australia. It includes three separate sub-species: 
 A. i. hedleyi
 A. i. iredalei
 A. i. rosinae

This thornbill can be found in shrublands and salt marshes, typically those around salt lakes or low heath on sand plains.  It eats mostly insects and spiders captured in the shrubs of its habitat. It rarely feeds on the ground, preferring instead the higher elevations of shrubs and trees.

The slender-billed thornbill is rarely observed alone. They are usually seen in flocks of approximately eight birds or in pairs. Thornbill nests are small and built in low shrubs. They are constructed of grass, bark, cobwebs, and other shrubland debris. Females lay up to three eggs during the breeding season, which runs from July until November.

Description
The thornbill ranges from 9 to 10 centimeters in length. The colour of its back ranges from olive-grey to a darker olive-brown. The base of its tail is olive-yellow. Its underbelly is a smooth cream colour, and it has a dark bill and pale eyes.

Distribution and habitat
The slender-billed thornbill iredalei subspecies has six separate and isolated populations in Western Australia, and a large population in the Carnarvon bioregion. The hedleyi subspecies ranges across eastern Australia, and the rosinae subspecies can be found in southern Australia.

Conservation status

Broad status
The rosinae subspecies, most commonly found in Gulf St Vincent, is considered vulnerable. The hedleyi subspecies, whose territory includes most of eastern Australia, is considered near threatened.  The iredalei subspecies is also considered Vulnerable.

The thornbill (iredalei subspecies) is extinct in northern Australia, and is considered the only indigenous species to have become extinct in that location since European settlement.

Victoria
 The slender-billed thornbill (A. i. hedleyi) is listed as threatened on the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988.  Under this Act, an Action Statement for the recovery and future management of this species has not been prepared.
 On the 2007 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in Victoria, this species is listed as near threatened.

References

slender-billed thornbill
Category:Birds of South Australia
Category:Birds of Western Australia
Category:Birds of Victoria (Australia)
Category:Endemic birds of Australia
slender-billed thornbill