Introduction of KAGRA, Status of KAGRA
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Inst. Tech.) 
真貝寿明（大阪工業大学） 
KAGRA Scientiﬁc Congress, board chair 
on behalf of KAGRA collaboration
 Underground and Cryogenic interferometric 3 km gravitational-wave detector at Kamioka, Japan  
JGW-G2113067
July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (in Korea/remote)
(c) KAGRA Collaboration / Rey.Hori 
Gravitational Wave 
from binary BH-BH, NS-NS, BH-NS
typical amplitude 10-22
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA”  Cosmology From Home 2021 
http://gwcenter.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Sources of Gravitational Waves
hard to predict
too small amplitude
too small amplitude
The Target
supernovaepulsarsblack holebinary neutron stars 
binary black holes
1. Gravitational Waves
signal =  noise  + gw  
[dimensionless]standard way is to use matched ﬁltering technique 
necessary for GW templates in hand 
GW151226
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA”  Cosmology From Home 2021 
-25-20-15-10-505
���������������
����������
合体後の質量・角運動量
質量・スピン・軌道パラメータ・距離・潮汐力・偏光
原子核状態方程式
重力理論の検証
連星形成シナリオ
統計宇宙論パラメータ銀河形成シナリオ
究極理論の構築
What we can learn from GW (from a binary merger) ?
test of GR
uniﬁed theory
statistics
merger phase
1. Gravitational Waves
http://ligo.org/detections/GW170104.php
amplitude
inspiral phase
ringdown  
mass, spin, orbital parameters, tidal, distance, polarization
mass, spin       
nuclear matter EOS 
binary formation scenario
galaxy formation scenario
cosmological parameters
<latexit sha1_base64="Mh04teE7hG94yDnvEuA6v6XDv3E=">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</latexit>(m1, m2, s1, s2, ◆, n, tc, 'c,  , r)
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA”  Cosmology From Home 2021 
Sensitivity requirements for the detectors
1. Gravitational Waves
(seismic noise)(thermal noise)
Science 256 (1992) 325
(shot noise)
thermal control
high-power  laser control
vibration control
power spectral density 
initial LIGO 
(̶2010)
advanced LIGO 
(2015‒-)
We need more detectors for better localization !
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA”  Cosmology From Home 2021 6
GW International Network
Gravitational Wave Projects
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA”  Cosmology From Home 2021 7
LIGO-HanfordKAGRA
LIGO-Livingston
LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA
more precise GW source localization more certain GW source parameters more chances to hunt GW events more information of GW polarization more ideas for GW researches more man power 
Gravitational Wave Projects
VirgoLIGO-Livingstone
LIGO-Hanford
KAGRAVirgoLLOLHO
 South [deg]                        North [deg]
 West [deg]                                                       East [deg]
-150-100-50050100150
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA”  Cosmology From Home 2021 8
Science 256 (1992) 325
Sensitivity Curve
Gravitational Wave Projects
[1304.0670ver2020Jan] 
LVK collaboration, Living Rev Relativ (2020) 23:3  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9
Binary NS range
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA”  Cosmology From Home 2021 9
<latexit sha1_base64="Nqk9BXaevHaLwHVW6nLBLByEfk=">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</latexit>HBIM2gxKABDG9zBgcGD4YAhlCgvXUMSxjWMqxj/M+kyh(t) / 1
1/ distance
if we improve one-order of magnitude of the sensitivity,  
then the observational volume of the Universe  
become 103 times larger. 
Observation Period
Gravitational Wave Projects
amplitude of GW
25-130 
100 Mpc
O3O4O5O1
110-130 
201520162017201820192020
80 Mpc
30 Mpc
50 Mpc
2021 20222023202420252026
90-120 
LIGO-India
160-190 
Target
330 Mpc
Target
330 Mpc
150-260 
130+ Mpc
LIGO-G2002127-v4
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)10
KAGRA (Kamioka Gravitational-Wave Observatory)
1000m under the summit of the Mt.
358m above the  sea level.
Mozumi control ofﬁce. (15 min) 
Toyama City (60 min)
http://gwcenter.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/
former name LCGT = large cryogenic gravitational telescope
named by public naming contest, 神楽（かぐら）dance music in front of Gods
（大型低温重力波望遠鏡）
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)11
KAGRA (Kamioka Gravitational-Wave Observatory)
TAMA 300 m (NAOJ, Tokyo area, 2008)
CLIO 20 m (Kamioka, 2010)
https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptaa125
arXiv: 2005.05574
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)12
calendar 
year201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
Brief History of KAGRA
Project  Start
Tunnel Excavation
installation
iKAGRA
bKAGRA phase-1
operation
adv vibration isolation, optics, cryo.… 
[arXiv:1901.03569][arXiv:1712.00148]
iKAGRA   = initial KAGRA bKAGRA = baseline KAGRAbKAGRA phase-2
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA”  Cosmology From Home 2021 13
Basic Idea of the Interferometer
Laser Source
Photon Detector
Beam SplitterMirror
Mirror
Laser Source
Photon Detector
Longer arm-length makes better sensitivity 
Laser Source
Photon Detector
input mirrorsend mirror
end mirror“Fabry-Pérot Michelson” interferometer
Laser Source
Photon Detector
input mirrorsend mirror
end mirror
resonance
Finesse F ~ 1000 
(effective reflections F/π)  
resonance
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA”  Cosmology From Home 2021 14
Basic Idea of the Interferometer
Power-Recyled “Fabry-Pérot” interferometer
Laser Source
Photon Detector
input mirrorsend mirror
end mirror
resonance
Finesse F ~ 1000 
(effective reflections F/π)  
resonance
Laser Source
Photon Detector
Power-Recycling 
mirror
get more effective laser power    
resonance
(TAMA300, initial LIGO, Virgo)
Laser Source
Photon Detector
Signal-Recycling 
mirror
get more effective GW signals
resonance
get more effective GW signals  
resonance (N+1/2) wavelength between SR & IM 
Signal-Recyled “Fabry-Pérot” interferometer
(GEO600)
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology) “GW physics, Status of KAGRA”  Cosmology From Home 2021 15
Basic Idea of the Interferometer
“Resonant Side-band Extraction” interferometer
Laser Source
Photon Detector
400mW Nd:YAG laser 
amplified to 40W 
finesse 540
finesse 800-1530
(KAGRA, Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo)
Signal-Extraction 
mirror
Laser Source
Photon Detectorget more effective GW signals  
resonance N wavelength 
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)16
Basic Idea of Suspension System
Class. Quantum Grav. 36 (2019) 165008
Type-A system
- Cryogenic test mass
Sapphire, 23kg, 20K
- Tall seismic isolator
IP + GASF + Payload
Type-C system
- Mode cleaner
Silica, 0.5kg, 290K
- Stack + Payload
ITMETM
Type-B system
- Core optics (BS, SRM,…)
Silica, 10kg, 290K
- IP + GASF + Payload- Stack for aux. optics
Type-Bp payload
- Test mass and Core optics (BS, FM,..)
Silica, 10kg, 290K
- Seismic isolator
Table + GASF + Type-B Payload
OMCOMMT
PR3 PR2PRM
bKAGRA configuration- Cryogenic test masses- 3 km arm cavities- RSE with power recycling
Type-A
as the conﬁguration of April 2020 (O3GK)
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)17
Cryogenic System
Class. Quantum Grav. 36 (2019) 165008
Thermal Noise /
low temperature 
 large mass
sapphire mirror 
22.8 kg 
diameter 22cm thickness 15cm
in 4 weeks
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)
    Status of KAGRA 
Physical environment monitors
by T. Washimi
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)19
KAGRA (Kamioka Gravitational-Wave Observatory)
2018年8月
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)20
KAGRA (Kamioka Gravitational-Wave Observatory)
90cm snow in one night, Dec 17 2020
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)21
Joint Research MoA signed LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
Letter of Intent (3 pages)
KAGRA’s Join to O3 
October 4, 2019 @ Ceremony of MoA signing
main part (10 pages)
Appendix A (17 pages)
Concept, Deﬁnitions,  
Purposes
Organizations, Procedures 
＊ 1 Mpc (BNS) is required to join the observation. 
Aug 24, 2019
Dec 19, 2019
March 26, 2020
＊ Finally, over 1 Mpc in the end of March 26, 2020. 
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)22
12123456789
2019 | 2020
O3b (LV)
ERObs.Obs.
Dec 17-25Feb25-Mar10Apr 7-21
O3b (planned)
GEO600 Astrowatch ~ 1.2 Mpc 
O3b,     O3GK,     and after that
* O3GK observation paper plan 
(LVK paper)
COVID-19 infected # in Japan / day
Sensitivity Record in kpc
Dec.6 
Dec. 11
Feb. 5
Feb. 11
Feb. 14
Feb. 20
Mar. 3
Mar. 5
Mar. 9
Mar. 18
Mar. 25
Mar. 29
Apr. 7
March 29, 2020
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)23
O3GK  (April 7-21, 2020)
Oﬃcial start  and  end time 
Start : April 7 8:0 0 2020 UTC, GPS Time :  1270281618 
End :  April 21  0:00 2020 UTC,  GPS  Time  127 1462418
KAGRA Duty Cycle : Locked 69%, Observing 58% 
                                   Longest lock 8h05m 
Sensitivity  : 500-700 kpc
Jim Lough, LIGO-G2001554
Takahiro Yamamoto, JGW-P2011980
bad weather ocean tide
6.4 days
7.3 days
NGC 235 (Sculptor galaxy)  
   3.5 Mpc, one of the brightest galaxies https://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/fermi_grbs.html
GRB200415A
GRB200415A
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)24
http://gwwiki.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/JGWwiki/KAGRA
KAGRA collaboration
Statistics of KAGRA collaboration 
 (June 30, 2021)
collaborators Institutions, 
Groups
Japan25563
Taiwan6910
China5212
Korea3414
Italy64
Hong Kong51
Australia21
India11
France11
Spain21
Poland11
Russia11
Germany11
Vietnam11
total437117
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)25
http://gwwiki.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/JGWwiki/KAGRA
KAGRA collaboration
117groups, 16 countries/regions 430+ active members 
Organize Face-to-Face meeting 2 times (April/August/Dec) / year 
Organize International Workshop twice / year
KIW8  July 2021 @ Daejeon, Korea  
KIW9  May?  2022 @ Beijing China
F2F  Aug. 2020 @ online, Japan 
Default-author list 2019+2020  
has 200 names. 
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)26
Pusan National University  
 Chang-Hwan Lee * 
Sejong University  
 Maurice H.P.M. van Putten * 
Seoul National University  
 Hyung Mok Lee * 
Sogang University  
 Kyuman Cho  
Ulsan National Institute of Science and  
Technology (UNIST)  
 Young-Min Kim 
 Lupin Chun-Che Lin * 
 Kyujin Kwak * 
 Kihyun Jung 
 Seungwoo Ha
KAGRA collaborators in Korea
Chungnam National University  
 David Chung Yue Hui * 
 Kwangmin Oh 
 Sangin Kim 
Ewha Womans University  
 Chunglee Kim * 
 Chaeyeon Jeon 
Hanyang University  
 Hyun Kyu Lee 
Inje University  
 Hyung Won Lee * 
Korea Astronomy and Space Science  
Institute (KASI)  
 June Gyu Park * 
 Sungho Lee * 
 Yunjong Kim 
 Jeong-Yeol Han 
 Hyeon-Cheol Seong 
 Ueejeong Jeong 
 Soonkyu Je 
Korea Institute of Science and Technology  
Information (KISTI)  
 Sangwook Bae 
Korea University  
 Tai Hyun Yoon * 
Kunsan National University  
 Sang Pyo Kim * 
Kyungpook National University  
 Myeong-Gu Park 
Myongji University  
 Jaewan Kim *  
 Sung-Joon Cho 
National Institute for Mathematical Sciences  
 John J. Oh *  
 Jung Piljong 
36 collaborators as of June 30, 2021.   * KSC contact person
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)27
Executive 
System Engineering 
sharing information & idea
KAGRA Scientiﬁc Congress (KSC) organization chart 
* Hisaaki Shinkai * Shinji Miyoki* Chunglee KimHideyuki TagoshiTomotada Akutsu
KSC board 
Zhoujian Cao (China)Hyung-Won Lee (Korea)Ray-Kuang Lee (Taiwan)Tatsuki Washimi (PD)Satoru Takano (Student)
Data Analysis 
Committee (DAC)
Future Strategy 
Committee (FSC)
Theory Group
committees
KAGRA 
committees
Organization of KAGRA
Takaaki Kajita 
Masatake Ohashi 
(vice PI)
       Shinji Miyoki (SEO proj. manager)
Hideyuki Tagoshi 
(DAC chair)
(KSC chair)
Masaki Ando (FSC chair)
Takahiro Tanaka 
(Theory chair)
http://gwwiki.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/JGWwiki/KAGRA/KSC
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)28
Organization of KSC（KAGRA Scientiﬁc Congress）
http://gwwiki.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/JGWwiki/KAGRA/KSC
Organization
sharing information & idea
* Hideyuki Tagoshi+ WGs chairs/vice chairs+ Hisaaki Shinkai (board)+ Takahiro Sawada (operations working group)
* Hideyuki Tagoshi   Kipp Cannon   Hyung-Won Lee   Tjonnie Li
* Yousuke Itoh* Kazuhiro Hayama * Guo-Chin Liu
   Sachiko Kuroyanagi
* Ken-ichi Oohara Nobuyuki Kanda
      Hirotaka Takahashi      Kazuki Sakai
KAGRA Scientiﬁc Congress (KSC) organization chart                                 2021/May 14
* Takahiro Sawada * Takahiro Yamamoto
* Hideyuki TagoshiAkiko Sakai (secretary)Naomi Kudo (secretary)
Collaborator-list 
Manager
* Atsushi NishizawaKentaro SomiyaAlbert KongAtsushi NishizawaJohn J. OhWenbiao HanHiroyuki NakanoTakafumi Ushiba
Author-list 
Committee
Tadayuki TomaruNobuyuki KandaHisaaki ShinkaiHyung-Won LeeZhong-Hong ZhuFeng-Li LinHelios Vocca
International 
Cooperation WG
* Hideyuki TagoshiMatteo LeonardiChunglee KimChun-Che (Lupin) LinYuta Michimura
Diversity 
Committee
Project R&D 
Committee (PRDC)
*Kentaro SomiyaYosuke ItohShinji Miyoki
Committee of
Publication Control
 * Norikatsu MioHideki AsadaXilong Fan Kazuhiro HayamaHyung-Won LeeFeng-Li LinYuta MichimuraKazuhiro Yamamoto
Data Analysis Committee 
Compact 
Binary 
Coalescence
Continuous 
Burst Wave
Stochastic 
Computing & Software
Detchar
Calibration
Shinji Miyoki, Yousuke Itoh
Joint Run Planning Committee
Joint Meeting Committee
Detector Characterization and 
Data Quality Committee
Calibration Committee
Joint Computing and Software 
Committee
 sec 3.2
Joint Detection Committee
sec 3.6
sec 3.7 sec 3.3
 sec 3.4
Takahiro Yamamoto
Takahiro Sawada, Dan Chen
Ken-ichi Oohara, Nobuyuki Kanda
Nobuyuki Kanda
sec 3.1
Hisaaki Shinkai, Ray-Kuang LeeLijing Shao
LVK climate change WG
Luca Baiotti, Quynh Lan Nguyen
(Education & Public Outreach)
Heather FongHe-Feng HsiehAlbert KongHyung Won LeeKwan Lok LiLi-Ting Ma
Wei-Tou NiQuynh Lan NguyenKuo-Chuan PanHisaaki ShinkaiLeo Tsukada
Hisaaki ShinkaiQuynh Lan Nguyen
KSC Newsletter
Editorial teams
* Hisaaki Shinkai * Shinji Miyoki* Chunglee Kim* Hideyuki Tagoshi* Tomotada Akutsu
KSC board 
Zhoujian Cao (China)Hyung-Won Lee (Korea)Ray-Kuang Lee (Taiwan)Tatsuki Washimi (PD)Satoru Takano (Student)
Advanced R&D 
(AdR&D)
Future Strategy 
Committee (FSC)
Zhoujian CaoHyung-Won LeeTjonnie LiKyujin KwakRay-Kuang Lee
* Kazuhiro YamamotoYuta MichimuraYousuke ItohHisaaki Shinkai
* Masaki AndoSadakazu HainoKentaro Somiya
White Paper 
Writing Team 
(WPWT)
Theory Group
* Takahiro Tanaka
Joint Editorial board sec 3.5
Author-list 
maintenance
Hisaaki Shinkai     Raymond Yeung
Overleaf 
maintenance
Hisaaki ShinkaiNami Uchikata
Operations Working Group
Takahiro Sawada   Osamu Miyakawa
Identity & Access 
Management
* Hirotaka Takahashi
Low Latency challenge WG
Takahiro Sawada    Kazuki Sakai  Kipp Cannon
    Status of KAGRA 
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)29
Science Summary as of LVK-outreach 
https://www.ligo.org/science/outreach.php
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)
    Status of KAGRA     
Target Sensitivity & Schedule
“Scenario Paper”[1304.0670ver2020Jan] 
GW170814            BHBH@540Mpc
GW170817            NSNS@40Mpc
GW150914  BHBH@440Mpc
GW170104  BHBH@880Mpc
GW151226  BHBH@440Mpc
GW170608  BHBH@340Mpc
O4 will likely start no earlier than 
June 2022
COVID-19 terminated O3b
LVK collaboration, Living Rev Relativ (2020) 23:3  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9
2015        2016        2017        2018        2019        2020        2021        2022
60-80Mpc60-100Mpc120-130 Mpc160-190 Mpc
iKAGRAbKAGRAphase1
50 Mpc
1Mpc25-70Mpc
90-120Mpc
2015        2016        2017        2018        2019        2020        2021        2022
O3bKAGRAphase2
O3a   O3b
O3a   O3b
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)
    Status of KAGRA     
Big Project selection in Japan
SciTech Research Selection Comm. (MEXT) : Roadmap 2020 (Sep. 2020)
✓KAGRA (ICRR) ✓Subaru (NAOJ) ✓ALMA (NAOJ) ✓Super B-factory (KEK) ✓J-PARC (KEK) ✓LiteBIRD (JAXA) ✓Super-Kamiokande (ICRR)
List for ﬁnal selection :  15
MEXT is accepting public comments.   
Final decision was made in the end of September.
Grade A
Grade A
Importance, Community’s approval,  Core Institutes, Joint research system Plan’s appropriate
Emergency, Strategy, Supports from general
KAGRA project (operation) budget: 2023Apr-2034Mar
KAGRA is in the list. 
physics, astronomy
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)
    Status of KAGRA     
Toward O4
less than 100K 
dual recycling 
lock trials by the end of September 
suspension noise control for low freq. 
one-order reduced in July 
de-frosting mirrors 
de-frosting windows for oplev light
* Target Sensitivity 25 - 130 Mpc
x20 sensitivity at mid-freq.
* Recent estimate: 80 Mpc at most?
due to heat absorption of sapphire mirrors
October 2020
Summer 2021
June 2022 O4 ready
 Cryo-Payload repairing 
 ETMY tower repairing  
 install laser beam baﬄes 
 Cryocoolers replacement (CRY) 
 Intensity noise reduction system (IOO)
commissioning
repair & installation
DGS/AEL upgrade (DGS/AEL) 
 Stray light around IOO (AOS) 
 Suspension frame modiﬁcation (AOS, VIS) 
 Temperature monitors (VIS) 
      and more
2015        2016        2017        2018        2019        2020        2021        2022
60-80Mpc60-100Mpc120-130 Mpc160-190 Mpc
iKAGRAbKAGRAphase1
50 Mpc
1Mpc25-70Mpc
90-120Mpc
2015        2016        2017        2018        2019        2020        2021        2022
O3bKAGRAphase2
O3a   O3b
O3a   O3b
by reducing laser noise, low-f noise, then it goes better more.
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)
    Status of KAGRA 
Overview of KAGRA: reviews
published PTEP 2020 
KAGRA history 
published PTEP 2020 
KAGRA Science 
https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptaa120
https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptaa125
arXiv: 2008.02921
arXiv: 2005.05574
published PTEP 2021 
KAGRA Calibration, Detector characerization,  
physical environment monitors 
https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptab018
arXiv: 2009.09305
Class. Quant. Grav. 38 (2020) 065011
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6382/abd922
Nature Astronomy 3, 35 (2019) 
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-018-0658-y
Hisaaki Shinkai (Osaka Institute of Technology);  July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (@Korea/remote)
    Status of KAGRA 
KSC Newsletter : Exchanging Info between collaborators
linked from  
http://gwwiki.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/JGWwiki/KAGRA/KSC#newsletter
Towards New Phase  
We are still confronting with the war to COVID-19 and its variants.  In most regions in the world (except China and Taiwan), we still have to spend our time scared of corona infection, avoiding contact with people as much as possible, having less conversation, and living a life that restrains movement.  Academic meetings, workshops, seminars and classes have been made online. All the experiments and installations are under restricted environment.  We know criticizing unreliable governments can not solve these problems.  
But let’s think differently. Epidemics have hit humankind many times in history.  Human beings have confronted it and managed to overcome it.  Newton had to spent two years returning to the countryside when the city of London was closed due to plague outbreak. At this time, he summarized the calculus method and got the idea of the inverse square law of gravity. Newton himself later recalled in his autobiography that “the last two years have been the pinnacle of his life's imagination.” It is a “creative vacation”. 
�����������������������
From O3a, O3b, O3GK to O4 �
The third observation period (O3a/b) of LIGO and Virgo was terminated by COVID-19 on March 27, 2020, while KAGRA passed the joining condition of 1 Mpc sensitivity in binary neutron star on March 26 and went into the observing mode in April. KAGRA once decided to make solo observation, but someone noticed that GEO600 in Germany was in operation as Astrowatch with the sensitivity 1.2 Mpc. We therefore organized KAGRA+GEO combinational operation from April 7 to 21, 2020, under the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) collaboration, which was named O3GK later.  We were operating KAGRA until summer with the expectation of O3c, but it was the fighting period against the earthquakes in Nagano and Gifu prefectures in Japan. The experiment groups started repairing and installing facilities in September, and are now rushing for O4, which is supposed to start in the summer 2022 (more than a half year delay from the original LVK plan). Meanwhile, from October 2020, KAGRA’s authorship as the LVK-collaboration papers started for O3b data analysis.  We established Joint Editorial Board and started assigning our reviewer for each paper, and we are required to check the drafts which come almost every week.     
KSC Newsletter 
Issue 8
KAGRA SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS: COLLABORATORS’ INFORMATION EXCHANGE 2021/MAY 1 
2020/1/23
2020/1/31
2020/2/8
2020/2/16
2020/2/24
2020/3/3
2020/3/11
2020/3/19
2020/3/27
2020/4/4
2020/4/12
2020/4/20
2020/4/28
2020/5/6
2020/5/14
2020/5/22
2020/5/30
2020/6/7
2020/6/15
2020/6/23
2020/7/1
2020/7/9
2020/7/17
2020/7/25
2020/8/2
2020/8/10
2020/8/18
2020/8/26
2020/9/3
2020/9/11
2020/9/19
2020/9/27
2020/10/5
2020/10/13
2020/10/21
2020/10/29
2020/11/6
2020/11/14
2020/11/22
2020/11/30
2020/12/8
2020/12/16
2020/12/24
2021/1/1
2021/1/9
2021/1/17
2021/1/25
2021/2/2
2021/2/10
2021/2/18
2021/2/26
2021/3/6
2021/3/14
2021/3/22
2021/3/30
2021/4/7
2021/4/15
2021/4/23
Daily reported number of Covid-19 positive in Japan.  Data taken from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/covid-19/open-data.html
KAGRA entered the observing mode!  
We are operating at Mpc-level finally 
After we signed to the memorandum of agreement  (MoA) [JGW-M1910663] [JGW-M1910664], with  LIGO/Virgo in October, our target has been concentrated to join to Observation 3 (O3) of LIGO/Virgo.  The requirements [JGW-M1910813] are to improve the sensitivity of the detector over 1 Mpc in binary neutron-star range, and to clear the readiness checklists of data flows/calibrations/organization. When we first locked the detector on August 23, 2019, the sensitivity was 0.4 kpc.  In order to reach our target (10 Mpc), the team so far made great efforts for commissioning and noise-hunting. 
The planned date for starting observation was postponed a couple of times. We made engineering run in December, then went back to the commissioning. After the announce of the first lock of the power recycling system on January 
26 [klog12639] and OMC readout ready [klog12763],  our sensitivity started recording the number as we graphed below.  We declare the start of the observation on February 25 with around 300 kpc level. The team decided to go back to commissioning to try again with the signal recycling configuration. We heard we momentally locked with dual recycling, but not enough stability for observation.   Since our time was limited and we decided to go into the observing run from April 7 for two weeks. However, the new virus COVID-19 changed the situation. Both LIGO/Virgo had to stop their detector from March 24. On April 3, KAGRA proposed to make a joint observation with GEO600 in the framework of LVK network, and core members are discussing details with GEO. 
KSC Newsletter 
Issue 7
KAGRA SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS: COLLABORATORS’ INFORMATION EXCHANGE 2020/APRIL 17
The moment of declaring the start of observation on February 25, 2020.  [Photo from KAGRA webpage]
The current record of the sensitivity is 970 kpc on March  29, 2020. [klog 13840]
Reported records of the sensitivity in binary neutron-star range (in kpc). 
KAGRA joined International GW Network  
Signed up LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA MoA for joint observation 
On October 4, 2019, KAGRA held a ceremony to mark the completion of the detector. The ceremony was in the site, and after the play of the music of kagura (the traditional Shinto-style ritual music) by local children’s musical group, Takaaki Kajita, our PI, pushed a button with U Tokyo Executive Vice President Kohei Miyazono to demonstrate the detector in motion.  In the evening of the day, the signing ceremony of a memorandum of agreement (MoA) on a research collaboration between KAGRA, LIGO and Virgo were held.  
This MoA makes KAGRA an equal partner of LIGO and Virgo, and once KAGRA satisfied the criteria for joining observation then all the scientific achievements will be presented as LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration.  KAGRA is definitely close to the production phase after the ten-year construction and installation period. 
(Above) Pose for photos after signing a MoA. (from left) EGO vice president Christian Olivetto, Virgo spokesperson Jo van den Brand, KAGRA principal investigator Takaaki Kajita, LIGO Executive Director David Reitze, KSC board chair Hisaaki Shinkai, and KAGRA vice PI Masatake Ohashi. At ANA Crowne Plaza hotel Toyama, October 4, 2019. [Photo courtesy of Hida City] 
(Right above) The ceremony at the site.  Playing kagura music by local shrine musicians. (Right below) Takaaki Kajita and U Tokyo Vice President Kohei Miyazono switched on the green button, and it locked. [Photos courtesy of H. Oobayashi.] 
KSC Newsletter 
Issue 6
KAGRA SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS: COLLABORATORS’ INFORMATION EXCHANGE 2019/12/01
July 7, 2021  @ The 8th KAGRA International Workshop (in Korea/remote)
Status of KAGRA: Summary
 KAGRA joined O3b in the ﬁnal stage, and O3GK publication plan is ongoing.“O3”
 Repairs and Installations are ongoing. 
 LVK O4 is planned to start Summer 2022. 
 If you are planning to join, please   contact to your nearest KAGRA  collaborators, or consult below FAQ.
http://gwwiki.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/JGWwiki/KAGRA/KSC/FAQ
 KAGRA is a part of GW international network with LIGO and Virgo.LVK
 Underground and Cryogenic interferometric 3 km gravitational-wave detector at Kamioka, Japan  