AbstractLiogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 is the major genus of Neotropical Diplotaxini, with 78 species distributed from Panama to southern Argentina and Chile, except for Ecuador. Due to the large numbers of both described and undescribed species, as well as its agricultural importance, mainly of those in Brazil, Liogenys was redefined and redescribed. Nine new species are described: L.cavifrons Cherman, sp. n., L.femella Cherman, sp. n., L.piauiensis Cherman, sp. n., L.rotundicollis Cherman, sp. n., L.pseudosanctaecrucis Cherman, sp. n., L.grossii Cherman, sp. n., L.pseudospiniventris Cherman, sp. n., L.sulcoventris Cherman, sp. n., and L.freyi Cherman, sp. n. All the new species are Brazilian, except for the last one, which is Argentinian. Twenty-three Brazilian species are redescribed and illustrated. Five new synonyms are proposed, and 19 lectotypes are designated. New geographical distribution records for 19 species are presented, as well as a key to New World Diplotaxini and Brazilian species of Liogenys. Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 is the largest Neotropical genus within Diplotaxini, encompassing 78 known species, which occur from Panama to southern Chile and Argentina, and approximately 50 more await description  and Liogenysbidenticeps Moser are the most common species, occurring mainly in the “Cerrado”, a savannah of central Brazil, but they are also present in southern Brazil  as well as placing Liogenysferrugata (Mannerheim) in Phyllophaga Harris and Liogenysmicropyga Blanchard in Diplotaxis. In the last revision of Liogenys MNHNMuséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, ParisMNRJMuseu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de JaneiroMZSPMuseu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloNHMBNaturhistorisches Museum, BaselNHRSNaturhistoriska riksmuseet, StockholmSDEISenckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, MünchebergZMHBMuseum für Naturkunde der Leibniz Gemeinschaft Institut, BerlinZMUCUniversity of Copenhagen Zoological Museum, CopenhagenMouthparts and male genitalia, when available, were dissected and examined for all species. For describing species and identification keys, the taxonomic characters and terms used are those proposed by Shape of outer sides of anterior clypeal teeth: When the anterior teeth of the clypeus follow the lateral margin of the clypeus, it means that the outer sides of the anterior teeth and the lateral clypeal margin are continuous. The outer sides of anterior teeth being parallel or sub-parallel means that there is a clear difference in the direction of this margin compared with the lateral margin of the clypeus. In this case, a more or less pronounced angle appears between them .Basal region of parameres: The same structure as in Parameral split, position: The split point is where the parameres begin to be separated and corresponds to the end of the basal region. This point might be at different levels depending on the species. Taking into account the portion extended from the base up to the transverse midline of the parameres , publication year and figure(s) number. In cataloging lists, the following abbreviations are used:biol. biological data;cat. catalogue;check. check list;orig. desc. original description;red. redescription;rev. revision;Stat. Res. revalidated name;syn. synonymy;sys. systematics.Labels of the type material are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, where the data for each label are within double quotes (“ ”), a slash (/) separates the rows and “,” separates labels. Information between brackets () provides additional details written on the labels. Biological notes are based on specimen labels or extracted from the literature.The geographical distribution is based on previously published records and specimens examined. The abbreviations used in this work for states/departments from each country are as follows:CA=Catamarca, CH=Chaco, CO=Córdoba, CR=Corrientes, FO=Formosa, JU=Jujuy, MI = Misiones, SA= Salta, SE = Santiago del Estero, SF=Santa Fé, SL= San Luis, TU= Tucumán.ARGENTINA: CB=Cochabamba, LP= La Paz, SC= Santa Cruz, TA=Tarija.BOLIVIA: AL= Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Ceará, DF=Distrito Federal, ES= Espírito Santo, GO=Goiás, MA= Maranhão, MG = Minas Gerais, MT=Mato Grosso, MS=Mato Grosso do Sul, PA = Pará, PB= Paraíba, PE= Pernambuco, PI=Piauí, PR = Paraná, RJ=Rio de Janeiro, RN=Rio Grande do Norte, RS=Rio Grande do Sul, SC=Santa Catarina, SP=São Paulo, SE=Sergipe.BRAZIL: AS= Asunción, BQ= Boquerón, CN= Concepción, GU= Guairá, IT= Itapúa, PA = Paraguarí, PH=Presidente Hayes, and SP= San Pedro.PARAGUAY: New geographical distribution records are in bold type.Species descriptions and redescriptions are presented following Ratcliffe's, (2013) recommendations. The author of all the new species contained in this manuscript is the first author of this work, Mariana Cherman, who was responsible for coining the name and for satisfying all other availability criteria.L.rufocastanea Moser are only the ones of the type series , not referring to locality/localities in those countries, we decided to not include this species in a map. In the case of L.hirtipennis Frey, L.pilosipennis Moser and L.moroni Cherman, which are included in the key, distributional maps are in Shapefiles from the Biogeographical regionalization of the Neotropical region  by LöwenAn online interactive key was produced using the software LUCID 3.3, and the characters codified in the Lucid matrix were based on adult morphology. Interactive keys have some advantages in comparison with dichotomous keys, most notably being easier to update, as they are available online . Lucid Phttp://www.lucidcentral.org>.The database built in this work is available in the supplementary material of this article to enable anyone to use those data for further studies. For more information concerning Lucid keys, visit <Diplotaxini is provided at: <http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/diplotaxini/> including the following genera: Diplotaxis, Pachrodema, Homalochilus Blanchard, Pacuvia Curtis and Liogenys. For the latter genus, it includes, until now, all Brazilian species and the new species described in this work. This key will be updated continuously with known and new species of the entire genus.An interactive key to New World PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraMelolonthidaeGuérin-Méneville, 1831Liogenysorig. desc. [drawing of L.castaneus]); red.); rev.); red. and rev.); red.); check.); check.); check.); check.); check.); check.); sys.). Type-species. Liogenyscastaneus Guérin-Méneville, 1831(monotypy).  Guérin-Méneville, 1831: pl. 3 (Amphicraniacat.); syn.). Type-species: Amphicraniapalpalis  (monotypy).  Dejean, 1833: 163 (Hilarianusorig. desc.); syn.) Type-species: Hilarianusanguliceps Blanchard, 1851.  Blanchard, 1851: 168 (Peritryssusorig. desc.); syn.) Type-species: Peritryssusexcisus Reitter, 1918 (monotypy).  Reitter, 1918: 77 (Homoliogenysorig. desc.); syn.) Type-species: Liogenystarsalis Moser, 1921a (monotypy).  Gutiérrez, 1952: 216  shorter than tarsomere II; mesotibial transverse carina/ae provided with spines shorter or equal to those forming the apical crown; metacoxae with bristles or scales, never both at the same time, and pygidium with umbilicate punctures.red to black. Head: distance between eyes commonly twice the width of one eye, but occasionally three to five times; frons and clypeus forming together a concavity ; fronto-clypeal impressions evident in frontal view  deep or shallow and with variable length ; ligula emarginate anteriorly; mentum excavated on the disc . Elytra: glabrous or setose; densely and coarsely punctured; elytral suture with non-uniform width; elevated or not, unicolored with the elytron or darker; three or four elytral ridges more or less noticeable, separated from each other by gaps that are twice as wide as one ridge, the first gap equal to or narrower than the second one; subapical callus of elytron closer to the elytral suture than to the external margin , protarsi commonly wider than mesotarsi and two-fold wider than metatarsi (except for L.unicolor and L.macropelma Bates); tarsi shiny or opaque. Abdomen: ventrites III, IV and/or V ornate in some species, with different-sized protuberances or sulcated ; pygidium more or less angled than that of the female. Parameres: basal region (BR) grooved at its longitudinal midline; the groove width varies depending on the species; parameral split at three different levels: apical third, medially (2/3) or basally (1/3)  Figs , 49, 50;/3) Figs ; may be /3) Figs  or not; /3) Figs ; when stLiogenys is composed of the Greek words λείος (leios: smooth) and γένυς (genys: mentum) referring to smooth or glabrous mentum . However, according to Peritryssusexcisus Reitter with L.palpalis  and synonymized these genera. They mentioned that the description of L.obesula Gutiérrez matches that of L.excisa, but they did not synonymize these species as they had not examined the type of L.obesula.Liogenys occurs from Panama, northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela (10°N) through southern South America, including Chile (39°S) and Argentina PageBreak(46°S). The species occur in almost all biogeographical environments and at altitudes up to 4,100 m in Bolivia (16°S) and 4,000 m in Chiriqui, Panama (9°N). The species richness is concentrated mainly in Brazil, with 34 species already recorded plus 13 for which descriptions are being prepared, and in Argentina, with 33 species in addition to 23 awaiting description. Bolivia holds ten species (plus three still undescribed); ParaPageBreakguay, eleven species; Chile, seven species (plus one undescribed); Colombia, Panama and Venezuela, three species: L.gebieni Moser; L.quadridens Fabricius and L.macropelma) (plus three new species for which descriptions are being prepared); Peru, L.leechi Frey; and Uruguay L.pallens Blanchard. There are no records of Liogenys from Ecuador  and protibiae with an apical spur . Furthermore, a common feature in Neotropical Diplotaxini, the enlarged tarsi in males, covered ventrally by pads of abundant bristles, is also seen in non Neotropical Diplotaxini as in Apogonia Kirby, Ceratogonia Kolbe, Dichecephala Brenske and in a few Diplotaxis.The Neotropical Liogenys are Pacuvia, Pachrodema, and Homalochilus  and the outer margin of metacoxae parallel to the elytral margin. Liogenys is distinguished from Pacuvia in that the latter shows a coplanar shape of the frons and clypeus in dorsal view; the maxillae with less than four teeth (except in P.philippiana Gutiérrez); the labium longer than wide (in common with L.sinuaticeps), distal labial palpomere more globose than the preceding, the ligula straight anteriorly, surface of mentum smooth (without any excavation); pronotal length equal to the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together (in common with L.unicolor and L.macropelma); pronotum narrower than the base of elytra; prothorax bristled and/or scaly abundantly posteriorly; innermost gap between elytral ridges wider than the adjacent; distance between meso- and metacoxae more than two-fold the metacoxa length (in common with L.kuntzeni Moser); protibial apical tooth parallel to longitudinal axis while basal and/or medial tooth oblique to longitudinal axis, only one longitudinal carina on protibia; basal apophysis of metacoxae not produced posteriorly (beyond the margin of trochanter); basal metatarsomere less than one-half the size of tarsomere II; propygidium completely hidden by the elytra; pygidium twice as wider as it is long. In males, metatibiae narrowed subapically and inner margin not produced . With Pachrodema, Liogenys shares the trapezoidal shape of the labium and its distal palpomere not globose; ligula emarginate anteriorly, mentum surface excavated, ligula shorter than the mentum excavation; pronotum longer than the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; pronotum anteriorly slightly narrowed forming a depressed ring ; the inner gap between elytral ridges narrower or equal in width as the adjacent; inner margin of protibiae concave, protibial basal and middle teeth perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, two longitudinal carinae. Liogenys is distinguished from Pachrodema in that the latter shows clypeus rounded or sub-emarginate, never forming anterior tooth-like projections; sensorial area of the maxillary distal palpomere grooved and in a dorso-lateral position (except P.lucida Blanchard); constriction between pro- and pterothorax prominent; distance between meso- and metacoxae equal to metacoxae length (in common with L.concolor (Blanchard)); apical tooth of protibiae oblique to the longitudinal axis; inner margin of mesotibiae concave; lateral margin of metacoxae oblique towards pygidium; metatibial inner margin bent and produced apically; apex surface convex at the insertion point of the tarsomere, gap between apical spurs wider than the base of a single spur. Homalochilus shares the same features with Liogenys as well as Pachrodema. Additionally, the lateral margin of metacoxae is parallel to the elytral margin. Males of H.niger Blanchard show metatibiae straight and produced apically. Liogenys is distinguished from Homalochilus in that the latter shows a shorter body, up to three times longer than the pronotum (in common with L.concolor); labrum longer than ventral face of clypeus; pronotum forming a visibly depressed ring anteriorly, pronotal anterior angles slightly (H.niger) or noticeably (H.punctatostriatus) produced; punctures of pronotum not umbilicate, pronotum wider than the base of elytra; distance between meso- and metacoxae equal to metacoxal length (in common with L.concolor); pygidium glabrous (in common with L.sinuaticeps and L.unicolor), but punctures not umbilicate. In males, basal region of parameres longer than the parameres length beyond the split point. The frons of H.punctatostriatus is longer than the clypeus, clypeus sublobed anteriorly (not emarginate) and ventrite V is longer than ventrite IV .The genera most closely related to lochilus . Like spLiogenys species, as well as most of the Melolonthinae, are root-feeding as larvae, while adults feed on leaves and exhibit nocturnal activity (L.densicollis damaging corn in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). PageBreakHowever, we suggest that this record should be considered doubtful because among the huge number of L.densicollis specimens studied , the geographical records found were only from Argentina and Bolivia. L.tibialis in Rio Grande do Sul feeding on leaves of peach-tree. Chilean Liogenys were recorded together with Pacuvia species feeding on the following shrubs: Peumo, Cryptocaryaalba (Molina) Looser (Lauraceae), Litre, Lithraeacaustica (Molina) Hook. et Arn. (Anacardiaceae) and Quillay, Quillajasaponaria Molina (Rosaceae) (activity . Biezankosaceae) .Liogenys now known in Brazil, only five are associated with crops. In Rio Grande do Sul, Liogenysconcolor Blanchard  and L.fusca Blanchard in oat crops; L.bidenticeps Moser and L.sinuaticeps in ryegrass crops. According to L.sinuaticeps is higher in non-cultivated than in cultivated fields, unlike L.bidenticeps and L.concolor. In Mato Grosso do Sul state, adults of L.bidenticeps have been collected in light traps localized between cultivated and non-cultivated fields  have been recorded as agricultural pests, mainly in the “Cerrado”, a Brazilian savannah biome. Liogenysfusca was found damaging corn and soybean in Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, and Goiás States . L.fusca feeding and mating in Anacardiaceae, suggesting that these plants have an important role in the reproduction of this species. These authors cited that the native plants Urundeuva, Myracrodruonurundeuva (Allemão) Engl.; Aroeira-vermelha, Schinusterebinthifolius Raddi and Gonçalo-alves, Astroniumfraxinifolium Schott represent an important natural source of food and reproduction, whereas the Cajueiro plant, Anacardiumoccidentale Linnaeus, represents an alternative food source as it is introduced.Of the 34 species of d fields , while ls  in Villa Maria, Córdoba ; check.); check.); check.); check.) Moser, 1919: 14 : [white printed] “Brasília/ [handwritten] Cuyaba”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/acutidens/Mos./Typen”, [light red printed] “Typus”, “Liogenys/acutidens/Mos”, [red printed] “HOLOTYPUS/ Liogenys/acutidens Moser, 1919/ labelled by MNHUB 2011”. Genitalia mounted.MT: Cuiabá, without date and collector, 1 ex. (ZMHB); MG: Unaí (Faz. Bolívia), 22-24/X/1964, Exp. Dep. Zool. col., 1 ex. (MZSP).BRAZIL. Body yellowish brown; elongate; elytra testaceous, lighter in color than pronotum; clypeal emargination wide and rounded; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; lateral margin convex and slightly produced; distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior tooth equal to basal width of anterior tooth, distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior margin of eye shorter than one eye, obtuse angle between outer side of anterior teeth and clypeal lateral projection; mesotibia quadrate in cross section; pygidium convex, bristled throughout, reticulated punctures; in males, inner margins of parameres convergent; subapical projections on outer margins; parameres strongly narrowed between subapical projections and apex; apex spatula-like, sharp edges, curved outwards, not reaching the level of the parameres outer margin Fig. .Head: distance between eyes nearly twice the width of one eye; frons equal in length to clypeus; clypeus bristled anteriorly, emargination shallow, wide and rounded; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; outer margin of anterior teeth shorter than the eye; lateral margin convex and slightly produced; distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior tooth equal to the basal width of anterior tooth, distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior margin of eye shorter than one eye, obtuse angle between outer side of anterior teeth and clypeal lateral projection; canthus not exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width less than twice width of apex; fovea deep, extending up to the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color than flagellum, and equal in length. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum straight; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures sparse and fine; pronotal posterior corners sub-angled, obtuse; proepisternum with short bristles; mesepisternum scaly, as are the sides of metasternum, also with few long bristles on the anterior margin; distance between meso- and metacoxae up to twice the metacoxa length; scutellum triangular, smooth or basally punctured at the sides. Elytra: shiny, glabrous, uniform yellowish to testaceous, barely lighter in color than the pronotum; elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture slightly darker than elytron and not elevated; all four elytral ridges barely noticeable. Legs: procoxa, sparse scales on infra-carinal surface, punctures visible at 12× magnification; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size, distance between basal and middle teeth slightly longer than between middle and apical; protibial inner apical spur present; mesofemural disc setose, mesotibia quadrate in cross section, disc finely sculptured, two mesotibial transverse carinae, the apical one incomplete; basal apophysis of metacoxa produced beyond the outer margin of trochanter; inner margin of metatibia carinated towards apex, apical inner surface setose; metatibial disc finely sculptured; a metatibial transverse carina present posteriorly and posterior discontinuous longitudinal carina; basal metatarsomere and tarsomere II equal in size, protarsomere II short and wide; pro- and mesotarsomeres I PageBreakto IV enlarged, protarsomeres slightly wider than the mesotarsomeres, less than twice as wide as the metatarsi; claw bifid, symmetrical, superior tooth narrower than the inferior and equal in length; distance between teeth shorter than the inferior tooth. Abdomen: ventrites bristled and on sides also scaly; propygidium visible, bristled and scaly; pygidium convex, sub-trapezoidal, wide; pygidial width not exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; pygidial disc bristled throughout, reticulated punctures; pygidial apex sub-quadrate. Parameres: width of basal region equal to the parameres together at its maximum width; parameral split at 2/3; inner margins of parameres convergent; outer margins with subapical projections; strongly narrowed between subapical projections and apex; apex spatula-like, edges sharp, curved outwards, not reaching the level of the parameral outer margin .BRAZIL ; check.); check.); check.); check.) Burmeister, 1855:13 (L.bidentatuscheck.); check.);  : Liogenysbidentata male syntype (MLUH): [green handwritten] “bidentata/Burm/Bras/Kll”, [white handwritten] “Type/Liogenys/bidentatus/Burm/[printed] det. G. Frey, 1967/68”, [white printed] “prof. Hüsing/Halle”. This type is here designated the lectotype:  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenysbidentata/Burmeister, 1851/des. M. A. Cherman 2014.” Female syntype (MLUH): [white handwritten] “124”, [white handwritten] “Type/Liogenys/bidentatus/Burm/[printed] det. G. Frey, 1967/68”, [white printed] “prof. Hüsing/Halle”. This type is here designated as the paralectotype  “PARALECTOTYPE/Liogenysbidentata/Burmeister, 1851/des. M. A. Cherman 2014.”PA: Tapajós, without date and collector, 2 ex. (MNHN); MA: Mirador, Parque Estadual Base da Geraldina, 21/VIII/2006, F. LiPageBreakmeira-de-Oliveira col., 7 ex. (CEMT); CE: Beberibe, 10/XII/2002, A. Lindemberg col., 3 ex. (DZUP); PI: Teresina, 1/I/1953, A. K. Oliveira col., 5 ex. (DZUP); 3 ex. (MNRJ); 14/X/1952, A.G.A. Silva col., 1 ex.; 22/VIII/2006, without collector, 1 ex.; “CCA-UFPI”, 20/V/2008, without collector, 2 ex. (DZUP); RN: IV/1950, M. Alvarenga, 3 ex. (MNRJ); Natal, II/1958, without collector, 1 ex. (DZUP); XII/1956, Magalhães col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); 21/XII/1952, Melo col., 1 ex. (MZSP); Pedro Velho, XII/1953, F. Barros col., 1 ex. (DZUP); 3 ex. (MNRJ); Mossoró, I/1952, M. Alvarenga, 1 ex. (DZUP); Montanhas, XII/1963, without collector, 4 ex. (CEIOC); PE: without date, Weilenmann col., 1 ex. (ZMHB); Tigipió [Recife], 4/XI/1914, Zikan col., 2 ex. (CEIOC); AL: Maceió, without date and collector, 1 ex. (MNHN); SE: (1) Caninde do S Francisco “Faz. Miramar”, 8/III/2001, L. Iannuzzi col., 1 ex. (CEMT); BA: without date, G. Bondar col., 1 ex. (NHMB); Juazeiro, without date and collector, 1 ex. (MNRJ); Feira de Santana, 8/XIII/1953, C. R. Gonçalves col., 4 ex. (DZUP); 1 ex. (MNRJ); Maracás, 19/XI/1965, F. M. Oliveira col., 2 ex. (DZUP); Jacobina, XII/1941, Mangabeira col., 1 ex. (CEIOC); Paulo Affonso, “E. E. Raso da Catarina.”, 23/X/1982, without collector, 1 ex. (MNRJ); MG: Caraí, XI/1973, M. Alvarenga col., 1 ex. (CMNC); GO: Aragarças, I/1955, F. M. Oliveira col., 3 ex. (DZUP); MT: Jacaré. Parque Nacional Xingu, XI/1961, Alvarenga and Werner col., 4 ex. (DZUP); Utiariti, VII/1961, Lenko col., 2 ex. (MZSP).BRAZIL. PageBreakrounded or sub-angled, shallow and wide; lateral margin convex, slightly produced; pronotal posterior corners sharp, obtuse or almost right-angled; prothorax scaly posteriorly; pro-, meso- and metasternum, pro- and metacoxae with white scales; mesotibia cylindrical in cross section; protarsal claws symmetrical; metatarsomere I nearly one-half the size of tarsomere II, equal in width or slightly wider; pygidium flat, sometimes slightly convex; pygidial width exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; male genitalia, total length of parameres more than five times the length of their apex; inner margins convergent; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle projecting straight downward .BRAZIL ; check.), check.); check.). Moser, 1919: 13 (Liogenysbicuspisorig. desc.); check.), check.); check.); check.) Syn. n. Moser, 1919: 14  [white printed] “Brasilia/ [handwritten] Sao Paulo”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/bidenticeps/Typen Mos”, [light red printed] “Typus”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/bidenticeps Moser, 1919/labelled by MNHUB 2011”. Genitalia mounted. This type is here designated as the lectotype  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenysbidenticeps/Moser, 1919/des. M. A. Cherman 2012.” Two male and a female syntypes (ZMHB): [white printed] “Brasilia/[handwritten] Sao Paulo”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/bidenticeps/ Typen Mos”, [light red printed] “Typus”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/ Liogenys/ bidenticeps Moser, 1919/labelled by MNHUB 2011”. These three syntypes are here designated as paralectotypes, each one with the label:  “PARALECTOTYPE/Liogenysbidenticeps/Moser, 1919/ des. M. A. Cherman 2012”. Male genitalia mounted.Liogenysbicuspis male syntype (ZMHB): [white printed] “Brasilia/[handwritten] Cuyaba”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/bicuspis/Type M Mos”, [red printed] “Typus”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/bicuspis Moser, 1919/labelled by MNHUB 2011”. Genitalia mounted. This type is here designated the lectotype  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenysbicuspis/Moser, 1919/des. M. A. Cherman 2012”. Female syntype of L.bicuspis: [white printed] “Brasilia/[handwritten] Cuyaba”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/bicuspis/Type F Mos”, [red printed] “Typus”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/bicuspis Moser, 1919/labelled by MNHUB 2011”. These syntype is here designated as paralectotype  “PARALECTOTYPE/ Liogenysbicuspis/Moser, 1919/des. M. A. Cherman 2012”.BA: Encruzilhada, 15°34'35"S, 40°56'51"W, 15/XII/2012, 850 m, Rafael and Grossi col., 1 ex. (INPA); SP: São Paulo, IX/1953, Vespasiano col., 1 ex. (DZUP); without date and collector, 8 ex. (ZMHB); Botucatu, 17/IX/1963, Maritovan col., 1 ex. (IBSP); Campinas, without date and collector, “Alwine Braatz V. collection”, 3 ex. (ZMHB); MT: Cuiabá, without date and collector, 4 ex. (ZMHB); 15/XI/2008, Monteiro col., 1 ex.; Fazenda Nirvana, 1/X/1988, Serrano col., 1 ex. (CEMT); “Córrego Brigadeiro [tributary of rio Jauru], próximo a Figueiropolis” [Figueiropolis D’oeste], 29/IX/1984, Binda col. 2 ex., (INPA), Jacaré, PN Xingú, XI/1947, Sick col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); MS: (1) Batayporã, 22°18'00"S, 53°15'98"W,13/X/2011, 328 m, M.G.C. Pereira (MuBio); Corumbá, without date and collector, 3 ex. (ZMHB); Guia Lopes da Laguna, 15/XI/2007, A. Abot col, 2 ex. (DZUP); Porto Murtinho, XI/1929, Melim col., 30 ex. (MNRJ); Rio Brilhante, 21-28,X/1970, V. O. Becker col., 3 ex. (DZUP); “Salobra, Miranda”, 24/X/1938, Lane col. 1 ex. (MZSP); Paraná, Jaguariaíva, 24-29/XII/1970, F. Giacomel col., 1 ex. (DZUP); RS: Catuipé, 25-30/XII/2010, F. L. dos Santos, 10 ex. (DZUP); (1) "S, Brazil”, without date and collector, 1 ex. (MNHN). PARAGUAY. IT: “Hohenau [Campo Angelo]”, 11/XI/1944, Jacob. Col., 1 ex. (SDEI); PageBreakSP: “San Estanislao [Santani]”, without date and collector, 1 ex.; Thieme col., without locality, and collector, 6 ex. (ZMHB). ARGENTINA. FO: Ciudad de Formosa, XII/1949, A. Martinez col. (MZSP); Laguna Yema, Reserva Teuquito, 24°21'20,95"S, 61°18'55,23"W, 11/XII/2008, F. Ocampo, G. San Blas, Campon cols. 2 ex.; Ing. Juarez, 24°05'27"S, 61°56'49"W, 13/XII/2008, F. Ocampo, G. San Blas, Campon cols., 2 ex. (IADIZA); CA: Ancasti, 28°52'57"S, 65°25'04"W, 18/XII/2009, 573 m, F. Ocampo, Dominguez, Campon cols., 2 ex. (IADIZA); SE: Quimili, 9/XI/1939, Biraben, Bezzi Cols., 2 ex. (MLPA).BRAZIL. Body brownish; elongate; elytra light brown, lighter in color than pronotum; clypeal emargination rounded and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel; lateral margin convex, rounded; mesotibia cylindrical to sub-quadrate in cross section; pygidium flat, bristled throughout. In males, inner margins of parameres convergent; subapical projections on outer margins; strongly narrowed before the apex; apex spatula-like, edges sharp, curved outwards, reaching the level of the parameral outer margin Fig. .Head: distance between eyes nearly twice the width of one eye; frons equal in length to clypeus; clypeal emargination rounded, shallow and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel or sometimes follow the margin of clypeus; outer margin of anterior teeth shorter than the eye; clypeal lateral margin convex but sometimes straight; canthus not exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width less than twice width of apex; fovea shallow, extending to the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color than flagellum, in males lamellae and flagellum equal in length. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum slightly produced medially; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures sparse and fine; pronotal posterior corners sub-angled, obtuse; proepisternum with short bristles; mesepisternum scaly; sides of metasternum with long bristles and scales; distance between meso- and metacoxae up to twice the metacoxa length; scutellum rounded, coarsely punctured. Elytra: shiny, glabrous, testaceous to brownish, uniform; elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture slightly darker than elytron and distinctly elevated, two pairs of inner ridges more noticeable than the two outer pairs. Legs: procoxa scaly on infra-carinal and outer surface; punctures visible at 12× magnification; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size; distance between basal and middle teeth shorter than between middle and apical; protibial inner apical spur present; mesofemural disc setose, with a row of long bristles on anterior and posterior margins; mesotibia cylindrical in cross section, disc coarsely sculptured; two mesotibial transverse carinae, the apical one complete; basal apophysis of metacoxa produced beyond the outer margin of trochanter; metatibial apical spurs equal in length, shorter than the diameter of the tibial apex; inner margin of male metatibia carinated towards apex, apical inner surface setose; disc coarsely sculptured, two metatibial transverse carinae present posteriorly; basal metatarsomere shorter than tarsomere II, in males protarsomere II long; pro- and mesotarsomeres I to IV enlarged, protarsomeres wider than the mesotarsomeres, less than twice as PageBreakwide as metatarsi; claw bifid, symmetrical, superior tooth narrower than the inferior and equal in length; distance between teeth shorter than the inferior tooth. Abdomen: band of scales visible at the lowest magnification beneath the outer margin of elytra; ventrites bristled on disc and sides; propygidium visible, bristled; pygidium flat, sub-trapezoidal, wide; pygidial width not exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; pygidial disc bristled throughout; in males pygidium wider and apex more rounded. Parameres: width of basal region equal to the parameres together at its maximum width, parameral split at 2/3; inner margins strongly convergent; outer margins with subapical projections; strongly narrowed before the apex; apex spatula-like, edges sharp, curved outwards, reaching the level of the parameral outer margin ; ITPARAGUAY ; FOARGENTINA .BRAZIL . After studying the primary types of L.bidenticeps (ZMHB) and L.bicuspis (ZMHB) we found slight differences in the diameter of the punctures of the pygidium and the parameral length in males. When studying all the non-type material, which extends from southernmost Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina, we concluded that L.bicuspis is a junior subjective synonym of L.bidenticeps and those differences might represent variation among populations. Other variations among L.bidenticeps individuals are the color of elytra from testaceous to brownish; the clypeal anterior teeth, which outer margins vary from sub-parallel to following the margin of clypeus; clypeal lateral margin from convex to straight and in males the parameres in lateral view, more or less curved subapically.ous Fig. . Those sous Fig. . LiogenyTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraMelolonthidaeFrey, 1969Liogenysbilobatusorig. desc., key) Frey, 1969: 45, 58 (Liogenysbilobatacheck.); check.); check.). : Liogenysbilobata male holotype (MZSP):  “Buritis (Primeira./cachoeira Rio Uru-/cuia) MG - 2-4.XI./1964 Exp. Dep. Zool.”, [white PageBreakhandwritten] “Type/Liogenys/bilobatus M/[printed]det. G. Frey, 1967/8/n.sp.”, [red printed] “Typus”. Genitalia mounted. Paratypes (1): Male paratype (MZSP) [white printed] “Buritis (Primeira./cachoeira Rio Uru-/cuia) MG - 2-4.XI./1964 Exp. Dep. Zool.”, [white handwritten] “Type/Liogenys/bilobatus M/[printed]det. G. Frey, 1967/8/n.sp.”.PB: Juazeirinho, 16/III/1956, Silva col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); MT: Cuiabá, Dist. Guia. Faz. Santhidi, 15°28'47"S 56°07'33"W, 3/XI/2010, 180 m, L. Silva col., 1 ex.; Chapada dos Guimaraes, 3/XII/2008, A. F. Silva col., 1 ex.; 15°19'49"S, 55°51'08"W, 14/XII/2012, 300 m, G. Daniel col., 1 ex. (CEMT); DF: Planaltina (Embrapa Cerrados), 15°36'16"S, 47°44'16"W, 3/XI/2006, C. Oliveira col., 2 ex. (CEMT); MG: Buritis (Primeira cachoeira Rio Uricuia), 2-4/XI/1964, Exp. Dep. Zool. col., 2 ex.; Três Marias, 21/X/1964, Exp. Dep. Zool. col., 1 ex.; Unaí (Faz. Bolívia), 22-24/X/1964, Exp. Dep. Zool. col., 1 ex. (MZSP); SP: without date and collector, 1 ex. (ZMHB).BRAZIL. PageBreakcal; basal region narrower than the parameres together at its maximum width; apex rounded .PageBreakPB, MT, DF, MG, SP).BRAZIL ”, this specimen is not part of the type series, so it has no nomenclatural value. Liogenysbilobata resembles L.diodon ; check.); check.); check.); check.); check.); check.). Blanchard, 1851: 167 (Liogenysobesaorig. desc.); check.); check.); check.); check.) Syn. n. Burmeister, 1855: 15 (Liogenysobesuscheck.); check.);  : Liogenysconcolor female syntype (MNHN): [white handwritten] “Campos/Geraes”, [light green printed] “MUSÉUM PÁRIS/ [handwritten] Campos”, [red printed] “HOLOTYPE”, [green handwritten] “L.concolor/ Cat Mus/ Brésil/ M. A. Saint Hilaire”. As in the original description figures a range of length “9-10 mm”, this type is here designated the lectotype:  “LECTOTYPE/Hilarianusconcolor/Burmeister, 1855/des. M. A. Cherman 2017”.Liogenysobesa male syntype MLUH: [green handwritten] “obesa Burm/Bras. Br.”, [white handwritten] “115 Koll”, [white printed] “det. G. Frey, 1967/68/ [handwritten] Liogenys/obesus Burm/type”, [white printed] “Prof. Hüsing Halle”. This type is here designated the lectotype:  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenysobesa/Burmeister, 1855/des. M. A. Cherman 2014”. Male syntype of L.obesa (MLUH): [white printed] “det. G. Frey, 1967/68/ [handwritten] Liogenys/obesus Burm/type”, [white printed] “Prof. Hüsing Halle”. This type is here designated the paralectotype  “PARALECTOTYPE/Liogenysobesa/Burmeister, 1855/des. M. A. Cherman 2014”.SP: São Paulo, without date and collector, 1 ex. (ZMHB); PR: Guarapuava, I/1959, Schneider col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); Ponta Grossa, “Lageado Campo”, I/1947, without collector, 2 ex. (DZUP). ARGENTINA. MI: Loreto, II/1960, without collector, 3 ex. (NHMB).BRAZIL. red, head and pronotum darker anteriorly ; MI)ARGENTINA  and Liogenysobesa (MLUH) were studied and we concluded that they are conspecific, being Liogenysobesa the junior subjective synonym of Liogenysconcolor. The holotype of L.concolor is a female from “Campos Gerais”  and the lectotype of L.obesa is a male from “Brazil”. The association between male and female, to confirm that they are conspecific, was possible through the study of males and females from the same sample collected in Ponta Grossa, Brazil. Furthermore, Ponta Grossa is a municipality localized at “Campos Gerais” region.ide Fig. . This sp species . As L.cLiogenys . PrimaryTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraMelolonthidaeMoser, 1921Liogenyscorumbanusorig. desc.);  Moser, 1921b: 139 (Liogenyscorumbanacheck.); check.); check.); check.). : Liogenyscorumbanus male syntype (ZMHB): [white printed] “Corumba/Matt. Grosso”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/corumbanus/Mos/Typen m#.”, [light red printed] “Typus”, [white printed] “Liogenys/corumbanus/Mos.”, [red printed] “Syntypus/Liogenys/ corumbana Moser, 1921/labelled by MNHUB 2011”. Genitalia mounted. This type is here designated the lectotype:  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenyscorumbanus/Moser, 1921/des. M. A. Cherman 2012”. Seven males and two female syntypes of L.corumbana (ZMHB): [white printed] “Corumba/Matt. Grosso”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/corumbanus/Mos/Typen”, [light red printed] “Typus”, [white printed] “Liogenys/corumbanus/Mos.”, [red printed] “Syntypus/Liogenys/ corumbana Moser, 1921/labelled by MNHUB 2011”. These nine syntypes are here designated paralectotypes, each one with the label: “PARALECTOTYPE/Liogenyscorumbanus/ Moser, 1921/ des. M. A. Cherman 2012”.MT: Campo Verde, “Fazenda Cavera”, 21/X/2011, Biava col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Comodoro, “Morro do sem Boné”, 13°43'54"S, 60°18'40"W, X/2012, M.F. Souza col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Cuiabá, Boa Esperanza, X/2011, F. Vaz-de-Mello col., 1 ex. (CEMT); without date and collector, 1 ex. (ZMHB); Poconé, “SESC Pantanal”, 8/XII/2003, without collector, 1 ex. (CEMT); Varzea Grande, 13/V/2009, Friozzo col., 1 ex. (CEMT); “VBS Trindade [Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade] - Rio Guaporé”, 30/IX-1/X/1984, Binda col., 72 ex. (INPA); “Vila Bela [Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade] - Margem Guaporé”, 1-30/IX/1984, Marcolino col., 9 ex. (CEMT); MS: Campo Grande, X/1947, A. Maller col., 1 ex. (AMNH).BRAZIL: PageBreakbetween outer side of anterior teeth and clypeal lateral projection; canthus exceeding the outer margin of the eye; anterior margin of pronotum straight, flanged throughout; pronotal posterior corners obsolete .BRAZIL ; check.); check.); check.); check.) Burmeister, 1855: 15 (Liogenyscavicepsorig. desc.); syn.). Frey, 1964: 692 : [green handwritten] “diodon Br./Bras. Mlly”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/diodon Brm/ Type F/[printed] det. G. Frey 1967/68”, [white printed] “Prof. Hüsing/Halle”. Genitalia mounted.Liogenyscaviceps male holotype (NHMB): [white printed] “Mossoro/R.G.N. Bras. /X.1951”, [red printed] “TYPE [handwritten] M”, [white handwritten] “Type M/ [printed] Liogenys [handwritten] diodon Burm [printed] det. G. Frey 1968”. Genitalia mounted. Paratypes (4): L.caviceps female paratype (NMHB): [white printed] “Mossoro/R.G.N. Bras./X.1951”, [white printed] “f#”, [white printed] “Liogenys [handwritten] diodon/F/Burm [printed] det. G. Frey 1968”. L.caviceps female paratype (AMNH): [white printed] “Mossoro/R.G.N. Bras./X.1951”, [white printed] “f#”, [white printed] “CUM TYPO/COMPARATUM”, [white printed] “Liogenys [handwritten] diodon/F/Burm [printed] det. G. Frey 1968”, [white handwritten] “Plectris [wrong genus] caviceps Frey/= “diodon Burm.” In NHMB another two female paratypes remain not studied.PI: Piracuruca. Parque Nacional Sete cidades, Poço da bananeira, 4°5'56"S, 41°40'34"W, 11/II/2013,158 m, D. M. Takiya and APM Santos cols., “Pennsylvania trap”, 1 ex. (CEMT); CE: without date and collector, 1 ex. (MNRJ); RN: Jardim de Angicos, I/1952, A. Alvarenga col. 2 ex. (DZUP); Mossoró, X/1951, without collector, 2 ex. (NHMB); 1 ex. (AMNH); PE: Buique. Parque Nacional Catimbau, 8°37'S, 37°9'W, 25/I/2005, M. Schessl col. 2 ex. (CEMT); SE: Caninde do São Francisco, Fazenda Poço verde, 4/III/2000, L. Iannuzzi col. 1 ex.; PageBreak(CEMT); Fazenda Miramar, 8/III/2001, L. Iannuzzi, 1 ex. (CEMT); GO: Cabeceiras, 24-27/X/1964, Exp.Dep. Zool. col. (MZSP).BRAZIL: Body reddish brown; elongate, sides almost parallel in males; elytra brownish, pronotum slightly darker; clypeal emargination deep, rounded and narrow; outer sides of anterior teeth concave, follow the lateral margin of clypeus; meso- and metatibia quadrate or sub-quadrate in cross section, metafemur with thick and erect bristles on posterior margin; pygidial width exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; bristles only at apex. In males, apex of pygidium more rounded; parameres; more than five times the length of their apex; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle projecting straight downward Fig. .Head: distance between eyes nearly twice the width of one eye; frons shorter than clypeus; clypeal emargination narrow, deep and rounded; outer sides of anterior teeth follow the lateral margin of clypeus; lateral margin concave; canthus not exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width almost equal to the apex; fovea shallow, extending to or past the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color than flagellum, in males lamellae and flagellum equal in length. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum slightly produced medially, flanged throughout; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures sparse; pronotal posterior corners rounded  [Northern Brazil]; Liogenyscaviceps (syn.): BRAZIL. Mossoro, R.G.N [Rio Grande do Norte state].PI, CE, RN, PE, SE, GO).BRAZIL  bear a label written by Liogenysdiodon instead of L.caviceps. We suppose they are in fact the primary types as the type-locality written in the labels is exactly the same mentioned in the original description. We believe that when L.caviceps only the name of its senior synonym.ata Fig. , they sheps Fig. . LiogenyTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraMelolonthidaeNonfried, 1891Liogeniselegans Nonfried, 1891: 262 (orig. desc.). [sic] Liogenyseleganscheck.); check.); check.); check.); check.). Nonfried, 1891; Liogenysbrasiliensisorig. desc.); syn.) Moser, 1919: 12 (Liogenysforsteriorig. desc.); check.); check.); check.) Syn. n. Frey, 1975: 260 : [white printed] “Coll. Nonfried/Brasilia”, [white handwritten] “26.”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/elegans”, [red printed] “Typus”, [white printed] “Liogenys/elegans/Nonfr.”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/elegans Nonfried, 1891/labelled by MNHUB 2014”. This type is here designated the lectotype:  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenyselegans/Nonfried, 1891/des. M. A. Cherman 2014”.PageBreakLiogenysbrasiliensis male syntype (ZMHB): [white printed] “R. Grande/do Sul”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/brasiliensis/ Mos/Typen m#.”, [white handwritten] “= elegans/ Nonfr.”, [red printed] “Typus”, [white printed] “Liogenys/brasiliensis/Mos.”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/brasiliensis Moser, 1919/labelled by MNHUB 2014”. Genitalia mounted. This type is here designated the lectotype  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenysbrasiliensis/Moser, 1919/des. M. A. Cherman 2014”. Female syntype (ZMHB): [white printed] “Brasília/ [handwritten] R. Grande do Sul”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/brasiliensis/ Mos/Typen f# ”, [red printed] “Typus”, [white printed] “Liogenys/brasiliensis/Mos.”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/brasiliensis Moser, 1919/labelled by MNHUB 2014. This type is here designated the paralectotype  “PARALECTOTYPE/Liogenysbrasiliensis/Moser, 1919/ des. M. A. Cherman 2014”.Liogenysforsteri two male paratypes (NHMB): [white printed] “Huerta Grande/ Cordoba, Argent. / 1.II.1955/ leg. H. Foerster”, [red printed] “Paratype/ [handwritten] Liogenys/ forsteri/ G.IT: Hohenau, IX/1929, Jacob col., 1 ex.; 22/X/1945, Jacob col., 1 ex. (SDEI); without locality, date and collector, 1 ex. (MLPA). BRAZIL. “Santa Cruz”, without date and collector, 1 ex. (NHMB); PR: Araucaria, without date, Dr. Czaki, 2 ex.; 10/XI, without collector, 1 ex. (AMNH); Banhado [Quatro Barras], XII/1972, P.J. Riehs col., 1 ex. (DZUP); Campo do TePageBreaknente, 10/X/1973, O. Mielke col., 3 ex. (DZUP); Caviúna [Rolandia], IX/1947, A. Maller col., 2 ex. (AMNH); Cerro Azul, 9/XII/1972, without collector, 1 ex. (DZUP); Curitiba, 6/XI/1969, 900 m, without collector, 1 ex.; 12/XI/1965, F. Giacomel col., 1 ex.; 17/XI/1970, without collector, 1 ex. (DZUP); XII/1911, without collector, 2 ex.(ZMHB); Guarauna, XII/1940, without collector, 1 ex. (DZUP); Marumbi, XI/1965, Laroca and Otero cols., 2 ex. (DZUP); Rio Negro, XI/1923, Wiltz col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); SC: Avencal, XII/1958, 800 m, without collector, 1 ex. (DZUP), Corupa, X/1948, A. Maller col., 1 ex. (AMNH), XII/1959, 60 m, without collector, 1 ex. (DZUP); without date, Reitter col., 1 ex. (NHMB); XII/1952, A. Maller col., 1 ex.; I/1932, Metz col., 2 ex. (MNRJ); Joinville, III/1958, Dirings col., 4 ex. (MZSP); Lages, without date, without collector, 1 ex. (ZMHB); Mafra, without date, Reitter col., 1 ex. (NHMB); XII/1937, A. Maller col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); Pinhal, XII/1951, A. Maller col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); Rancho Queimado, 8-11/X/1994, Bonaldo col., 4 ex.; 11/X/1996, Garcia col., 2 ex. (MCNZ); Rio Vermelho, IX/1945, A. Maller col., 1 ex. (AMNH); São Joaquim, 25/I/1983, P. Moure and Giacomel cols., 1 ex. (DZUP); RS: without date and collector, 5 ex. (ZMHB); Barão do Triunfo, 28/I/1996, Francschini col., 1 ex. (MCNZ); Cambará do Sul, 19/XII/1994, Moura col. 1 ex. (MCNZ); Canela,18/XI/1990, Hoffman col., 1 ex. (MCNZ); without locality, date and collector, 5 ex. (ZMHB). ARGENTINA. MI: Puerto Iguazu, 24/X/1997, without collector, 2 ex. (CEMT); IX/1947, Duret col., 2 ex. (CMNC); Panambi, XII/1958, A. Martinez col., 1 ex. (CMNC); CO: Huerta Grande, 7/I/1955, Foerster col., 1 ex. (NHMB).PARAGUAY. Body, pronotum and elytra brownish to dark brown, very shiny; elongate; clypeal emargination shallow, rounded and very wide; outer sides of anterior teeth follow the lateral margin of clypeus; clypeal lateral margin straight; canthus exceeding the outer margin of the eye; pronotal, lateral margins barely convex; pronotal posterior corners sharp, almost right-angled; mesotibia sub-quadrate in cross section; pygidium wide, convex in males, pygidial midline sulcated in females; pygidial disc wrinkled, coarsely punctured; almost glabrous, bristled only on apex; parameres widened ventrally at the transverse midline and narrowed towards the fusiform apex; inner margins convergent Fig. .Head: distance between eyes nearly twice the width of one eye; frons equal in length than clypeus; clypeal emargination shallow, rounded and very wide, apparently truncated; outer sides of anterior teeth follow the lateral margin of clypeus; clypeal lateral margin straight; canthus exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width less than twice width of apex; fovea deep and elongate, extending past the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color and longer than flagellum. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum slightly produced medially; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures coarse and sparse; pronotal lateral margins barely convex; pronotal posterior corners sharp, almost right-angled, proepisternum with short bristles; mesepisternum scaly; sides of metasternum scaly and bristled, few long bristles on the PageBreakanterior margin; distance between meso- and metacoxae up to twice longer than the metacoxa; scutellum rounded or sub-rounded, coarsely punctured. Elytra: very shiny, glabrous, dark reddish brown, darker at the base; elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture and elytron unicolored, distinctly elevated; all four elytral ridges barely noticeable. Legs: procoxa scaly on infra-carinal and outer surface; punctures visible at 12× magnification; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size, distance between basal and middle teeth longer than between middle and apical; protibial inner apical spur present; mesofemural disc setose, with a row of long bristles on anterior and posterior margins; mesotibia sub-quadrate in cross section; disc finely sculptured, two mesotibial transverse carinae, the apical one complete; basal apophysis of metacoxa produced beyond the outer margin of trochanter; metatibia with posterior discontinuous longitudinal carina; metatibial apical spurs equal in length, length equal to the diameter of the tibial apex; inner margin of male metatibia carinated towards apex, apical inner surface setose; disc coarsely sculptured; two metatibial transverse carinae present posteriorly; basal metatarsomere shorter and wider than tarsomere II; in males protarsomere II long; pro- and mesotarsomeres I to IV enlarged, protarsomeres slightly wider the mesotarsomeres, less than twice as wide as metatarsi; claw bifid, symmetrical, superior tooth longer and narrower than the inferior; distance between teeth as long as the inferior tooth. Abdomen: ventrites with sparse short bristles on disc and sides; propygidium slightly visible, glabrous; pygidium convex, sub-trapezoidal, wide; pygidial width not exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium, pygidial disc glabrous, shiny, bristled only on apex, wrinkled, coarsely punctured; pygidial apex in males sub-quadrate. Parameres: basal region as wide as the parameres together at its maximum width; parameral split at 2/3; inner margins convergent; parameres widened ventrally at the transverse midline and narrowed towards the fusiform apex ; Liogenysforsteri: ARGENTINA. Huerta Grande, Córdoba (syn.).IT)PARAGUAY ; MIARGENTINA  .Liogenyselegans is the sister lineage of a clade conformed by the species: L.tibialis, L.punctaticollis, L.testaceipennis and L.spiniventris ; pygidium wide and male genitalia distinctive. The primary types of L.elegans (ZMHB) and L.forsteri (NHMB) were compared and we concluded than they are conspecific, so herein is designated L.forsteri a junior subjective synonym of L.elegans.iventris . LiogenyPageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraMelolonthidaeBlanchard, 1851Liogenysfuscusorig. desc.), sys.); check.); check.); red.). Blanchard, 1851: 168 (Liogenysfuscacheck.); check.); check.); check.). : Liogenysargentinusorig. desc.); syn.). Moser, 1918: 97 (Liogenysargentinacheck.). : Liogenyscuyabanusorig. desc.); syn.). Moser, 1919: 12 (Liogenyscuyabanacheck.). : Liogenysfuscus female syntype (MNHN): [white handwritten] “De l’emb./de l’Uruguay/jusqu’aux/missions”, [green handwritten] “Liogenysfuscus/Cat. Mus./Rives de l’Uruguay/ M. A. St Hilaire”, [red printed] “SYNTYPE”, [light green printed] “MUSÉUM PARIS”. This type is here designated the lectotype , “LECTOTYPE/Liogenysfuscus/Blanchard, 1851/ des. M. A. Cherman 2012”. Female syntype (MNHN): [white handwritten] “6449/34”, [white handwritten] “1444”, [light green printed] “MUSÉUM PARIS/ [handwritten] Santa Cruz/D’Orbigny”. This type is here designated the paralectotype:  “PARALECTOTYPE/ Liogenysfuscus/Blanchard, 1851/ des. M. A. Cherman 2012”. Liogenysargentinus male syntype ZMHB: [grey printed] “Argentinien/Santiago del Estero”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/argentinus/Mos./Typen m# ”, [red printed] “Typus”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/argentinus Moser, 1918/labelled by MNHUB 2011”. Genitalia mounted. This type is here designated the lectotype  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenysargentinus/Moser, 1918/ des. M. A. Cherman 2012”. Seven male and seven female syntypes (ZMHB): [grey printed] “Argentinien/ Santiago del Estero”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/argentinus/Mos./ Typen”, [red printed] “Typus”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/argentinus Moser, 1918/ labelled by MNHUB 2011”. These fourteen syntypes are here designated as paralectotypes, each one with the label:  “PARALECTOTYPE/Liogenysargentinus/Moser, 1918/ des. M. A. Cherman 2012”.Liogenyscuyabanus male syntype (ZMHB): [white handwritten] “Cuyaba/Mato Grosso”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/cuyabanus/Mos./Type m#”, [light red printed] “Typus”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/cuyabana Moser, 1919/labelled by MNHUB 2011”. Genitalia mounted. This type is here designated the lectotype  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenyscuyabanus/Moser, 1919/ des. M. A. Cherman 2012”. Four female syntypes (ZMHB): [white handwritten] “Cuyaba/Mato Grosso”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/cuyabanus/Mos./Typen f#”, [light red printed] “Typus”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/cuyabana Moser, 1919/labelled by MNHUB 2011”. These four syntypes are here designated as paralectotypes, each one with the label: “PARALECTOTYPE/Liogenyscuyabanus/Moser, 1919/ des. M. A. Cherman 2012”.max. A. Rio Paraguay”, without date, Louis des Arts Jr. Col., 1 ex. (ZMHB); PH: Puerto Pinasco, IX/1916, without collector, 2 ex. (AMNH); Campo León, X/1979, A. Martinez col., 1 ex. (CMNC); BQ: Filadelfia, X/1979, A. Martinez col., 2 ex. (CMNC). BOLIVIA. SC: Santa Cruz de la Sierra, without date, M. D’Orbigny col., 2 ex. (MNHN); Camiri, 9/XI/1946, Maldonado col., 2 ex. (CMNC); Comarapa, “9 km SW”, 17°58.926'S, 64°34.365'W, XII/2008, Edmonds and Vidaurre cols., 1 ex. (CEMT); San Ramon, “Laguna Brava”, 15/IX/1987, A. Castillo col., 1 ex. (AMNH); TA: Tatarenda, without date, 618 m, Erland Nordenskj col., 1 ex. (AMHB). BRAZIL. TO: Porto Nacional, XI/1953, R. Aires col., 1 ex. (DZUP); BA: Encruzilhada, 15°34'35"S, 40°56'51"W, 15/XII/2012, 850 m, Rafael and Grossi col., 2 ex. (INPA); MG: Arinos, 6/XI/1964, Exp. Dep. Zool. Col., 1 ex. (MZSP); Águas Vermelhas, “Faz. Faccino”,12/XII/2012, P. Grossi col., 1 ex. (EPGC); DF: Brasília, 15°44'10.30"S, 47°56'6.6"W, XII/2009, 1070 m, Carvalho col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Planaltina, “Embrapa Cerrados”, 15°36'16"S, 47°44'16"W, 18/XI/2009, C. Oliveira col., 1 ex. (CEMT); GO: Aragarças, X/1959, PageBreakM. Alvarenga, 2 ex. (DZUP); MT: Barão de Melgaço, 21/V/2011, Sol col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Barra do Garças, 1990, Serrano col., 1 ex.; 15/X/1988, Capucho col., 1 ex.; 4/X/1988, Pereira col., 1ex. (CEMT); Boa Esperança 3/XI/1991, Oliveira col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Cáceres, 9/XI/1984, C. Elias col., 1 ex. (DZUP); Chapada dos Guimarães, 27-30/IX/2005, Marques col., 5 ex.; 5/X/2005, Marques col., 1 ex.; 30/V/2011, Sol col., 1 ex.; 27/V/2011, Klemp col., 1 ex.; “EE Buriti”, 6/X/1984, Dal Ponte col., 1 ex.; “Água Fria”, 8/X/1989, without collector, 1 ex.; (CEMT); Cuiabá, without date and collector, 8 ex.; 7/IX/1988, Loverde col. 1 ex.; 6/X/1988, Oliveira, Alves and Macieski cols., 4 ex.; 7/X/1988, Resende col., 1 ex.; 10/XI/1990, Aicio col., 3 ex.; 13/X/1991, Souza col., 1 ex.; 8/XI/1991, Aquino col., 1 ex.; 14/II/1992, Abido col., 1 ex.; 10/VIII/1992, Edenir col., 1 ex.; 8/IV/1993, Almindo Filho col., 1 ex.; 6/V/1993, Serrano col., 1 ex.; 20-25/VII/1993, Serrano col., 2 ex.; 17/VIII/1993, Serrano col., 1 ex.; 19/VIII/1993, Romio col., 1 ex.; 24/VIII/1993, Pinto col., 4 ex.; 8/XI/1993, Godoy col., 1 ex.; 21/XI/1993, Silva col., 4 ex.; 10/IV/1994, silveira col., 1 ex.; 12/III/1994, Ormond col., 1 ex.; 9/IX/1994, Montori col., 1 ex.; 1, 29/X/1994, Montori col. 2 ex.; 16-18/X/1994, Solange col., 2 ex.; 20/VI/2009, Silva col., 1 ex.; 11/IV/2010, Marcondes col., 1 ex.; “campus UFMT” 24/X/1988, Oliveira col., 1 ex.; 4/X/1990, Marques col., 1 ex.; 8/XI/1990, Alves Costa col., 1 ex.; 14/IX/1991, Souza col., 1 ex.; X/2008, Vaz-de-Mello col., 12 ex.; 13/IX/1988, Marques col., 1 ex.; 10/XI/1988, Leni col., 1 ex.; 13/IX/1988, Marques col. 1 ex; “Fazenda Birvana”, X-XI/1988, Serrano col., 2 ex.; “Duque de Caxias, 15/III/2011, Cardodo col., 2 ex.; “ Rodoviária”, 15/IV/2011, Vaz-de-Mello col., 14 ex.; “Santa Cruz”, 30/XI/2010, Kramer col., 1 ex.; “Res. Coxipó”, 12/IV/1989, Gianni col., 1 ex.; 22/XI/2010, F. Vaz-de-Mello col., 1 ex.; “Boa Esperança” X/2010, Vaz-de-Mello col., 1 ex.; 5/V/2010, Rabello col., 1ex.; “Jardim Vitória” 22/VIII/2009, Galvão col., 2 ex.; “Recanto do Sol” 23/X/2009, Dal Mas col., 1 ex.; “Cophamil” 27/VIII/1990, Regina col., 1 ex.; “Santa Amalia”, 22/V/2011, Klemp col., 1 ex.; “Verdão”,25/X/1989, Roseni col., 1 ex.; “Jardim das Américas” 11/VI/2010, Amado col., 1 ex.; Lucas do Rio Verde, 3/I/2012, Camera col., 2 ex. (CEMT); Nova Mutum, “Alto da Colina”, 20/VII/2010, Amhold col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Nossa Senhora do Livramento, 15/XI/1992, 2 ex.; 12/XII/1992, 1 ex. (CEMT); Pari, 6/X/1988, Auxiliadora col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Pocone, “SESC pantanal”, 10/IV/2009, Abreu col., 1 ex.; 14/V/2002, without collector, 2 ex.; 6/IX/2002, Myazaki col., 4 ex.; 7/IX/2002, without collector, 5 ex.; 12/X/2002; without collector, 1 ex.; “Fazenda Santa Maria”, 23/XII/2011, Semedo col., 1 ex.; “Fazenda Bom Jesus”, 24/XII/2010, Santos col., 1 ex.; “Transpantaneira, Porto Jofre”, 5/V/1984, Silva col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Porto Esperidião, XI/1984, Magno, Alvarenga cols., 3 ex. (MNRJ); Rondonópolis, 6/IX/1991, Viegas col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Rosario Oeste, XI/1976, A. Maller col., 2 ex. (MNRJ); Santo Antonio do Leverger, 16/XI/2008, Becker col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Tangará da serra, “Chacara Asa Branca”, 14°32'42"S, 58°40'28"W, XI/2011, Meurer col., 8 ex. (CEMT). Várzea Grande, 8/VI/2011, Uchaki col. 1 ex.; 27/X/1991, Bento col., 1 ex.; 5/XI/2008, Silva col., 1 ex. (CEMT); MS: Corumbá, “Nhecolandia”, 17/X/1953, C. R. Gonçalves col., 11 ex. (DZUP); 11 ex. (MNRJ); “Fazenda São Bento próxima a Porto Jofre”, 6/XII/2010, Tortato col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Salobra, 29/VIII/1940, Com PageBreakIOC col., 1 ex.; XI/1941, Com IOC col., 2 ex. (CEIOC); Porto Murtinho, “Faz. Campo Florido”, 11/XII/2012, M Savaris and S Lampert col., 2 ex. (DZUP). Rio Verde [Rio Verde do Mato Grosso], XI/1963, 400 m, A. Maller, 2 ex (DZUP); “Zona da NOB Oswaldo Cruz Correntes” [Dois Irmãos do Burito], 17/X/1938, without collector, 4 ex. (CEIOC); SP: Jundiaí, 10/II/2012, Castro col., 1 ex.; 30/XII/2011, Castro col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Campinas, without date and collector, 1 ex. (ZMHB); RS: São Francisco de Paula, 29°25'22.4"S, 50°23'11.2"W, 10/XII/2009, P. Grossi col., 1 ex. (CEMT). ARGENTINA. SA: Aguaray, XII/1959, A. Martinez col., 1 ex. (MZSP); FO: Laguna Yema, 24°21'20,95"S, 61°18'55,23"W, 11/XII/2008, Ocampo, San Blas, Campon cols., 5 ex. (IADIZA); Rio Pilcomayo, 9/X/1906, Hermann J. col., 1 ex. (ZMHB); SE: without date, Wagner col., 4 ex. (MLPA); TU, IX/1900, C. Bruch col., 1 ex. (MACN); CH: Asustado, without date, Richter col., 1 ex. (MLPA), Resistencia, XII/1961, A. Martinez col., 2 ex. (CMNC); CR: Bella Vista, IV/1931, without collector, 1 ex. (MLPA); CO: “Córdoba, Casa Hernandez”, XI/1965, A. Martinez col., 2 ex. (CMNC); Rio Cuarto, without date, Bremer col., 1 ex. (ZMHB).PARAGUAY. “Estancia Postillón, Puerto Body, pronotum and elytra purplish brown or dark brown; elongate; distance between eyes slightly more than twice the width of one eye; frons slightly longer than clypeus; clypeal lateral margin convex, with a projection that varies from rounded to sharp; pronotal convexity at sides distinct Fig. ; pronotaHead: distance between eyes slightly more than twice the width of one eye; frons slightly longer than clypeus; clypeal emargination rounded, shallow and narrow; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel or parallel; clypeal lateral margin convex, with a projection that varies from rounded to sharp; distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior margin of eye slightly longer than one eye; distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior tooth longer than basal width of anterior tooth; obtuse angle between outer side of anterior teeth and clypeal lateral projection; canthus not exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width more than twice width of apex; fovea deep and oval, extending past the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color than flagellum and in males lamellae longer than the flagellum. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum slightly produced medially; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures fine and dense, smooth at posterior longitudinal midline; pronotal PageBreakconvexity at sides distinct; pronotal posterior corners sharp, obtuse-angled, in some cases almost right-angled; prothorax scaly posteriorly; proepisternum with long bristles and scales; mesepisternum scaly, as are the sides of metasternum, also with few long bristles on the anterior margin; distance between meso- and metacoxae up to twice longer than the metacoxa; scutellum ogival, finely punctured. Elytra: shiny, glabrous, uniform dark brown to purplish, elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture and elytron unicolored, distinctly elevated; pair of inner ridges more noticeable than the other three outer pairs. Legs: procoxa scaly on infra-carinal and outer surface; punctures visible at 12× magnification; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size, distance between basal and middle teeth slightly longer than between middle and apical; protibial inner apical spur present; mesofemural disc setose, with a row of long bristles on anterior and posterior margins; mesotibia sub-quadrate in cross section in males, cylindrical in females; disc coarsely sculptured, two mesotibial transverse carinae, the apical one complete; basal apophysis of metacoxa produced beyond the outer margin of trochanter; metatibial apical spurs of different lengths, the longest one shorter than the diameter of the tibial apex; inner margin of male metatibia carinated and abruptly sub-basally produced towards apex, apical inner surface setose; metatibial disc finely sculptured in males, coarsely sculptured in females; two metatibial transverse carinae present posteriorly; basal metatarsomere one-half the length of tarsomere II and wider, in males protarsomere II long; pro- and mesotarsomeres I to IV enlarged, protarsomeres slightly wider than the mesotarsomeres and more than twice as wide as metatarsi; protarsal claws asymmetrical in males, symmetrically bifid in females; superior tooth longer and as wide as the inferior; distance between teeth as long as the inferior tooth. Abdomen: band of abundant scales visible at the lowest magnification beneath the outer margin of elytra; ventrites bristled on disc; propygidium visible, glabrous; pygidium noticeable convex, sub-quadrate, wide, pygidial width exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; pygidial disc bristled only on apex, coarsely punctured, pygidial apex quadrate. Parameres: width of basal region equal to the parameres together at its transverse midline, parameral split at 2/3; total length of parameres more than five times the length of their apex; inner margins slightly convergent; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle projecting straight downward ; Liogenyscuyabanus: BRAZIL. Cuiabá, Mato Grosso (syn.).TO, BA, MG, DF, GO, MT, MS, SP, RS); PARAGUAY ; BOLIVIA ; ARGENTINA SA.BRAZIL ; check.); check.); check.); check.). Moser, 1919: 16 : [white printed] “Brasilia/ [handwritten] Sao Paulo”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/laminiceps/Mos/Typen”, [light red printed] “Typus”, [white printed] “Liogenys/laminiceps/Mos.”, [red printed] “HOLOTYPUS/Liogenys/laminiceps Moser, 1919/labelled by MNHUB 2013”. Genitalia mounted.Body and elytra reddish brown; elongate, widest at posterior third; pronotum darker; clypeal emargination shallow, rounded and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; clypeal lateral margin convex, with a rounded projection, obtuse angle between outer side of anterior teeth and clypeal lateral projection; antenna 9-articulated; pronotal disc punctures very sparse; pronotal posterior corners sub-angled, obtuse; mesotibia quadrate in cross section; metafemur with thick and erect bristles on posterior margin; pygidium convex; in males, parameres widened from the midline towards the apex, maximum width subapically; apex rounded; inner margins convergent Fig. .Head: distance between eyes nearly twice the width of one eye; frons shorter than clypeus; clypeus bristled anteriorly; clypeal emargination rounded, shallow and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; outer margin of anterior teeth shorter than the eye; clypeal lateral margin convex, with a rounded projection; distance between this projection and anterior tooth shorter than basal width of anterior tooth, distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior margin of eye shorter than one eye; obtuse angle between outer side of anterior teeth and clypeal lateral projection; canthus not exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width slightly wider than the apex; fovea deep and elongate, extending to or past the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 9-articulated, lamellae lighter in color than flagellum and equal in length. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum straight, flanged throughout; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures very sparse and coarse; pronotal posterior corners sub-angled, obtuse; proepisternum with long bristles; mesepisternum scaly; sides of metasternum scaly and bristled, few long bristles on the anterior margin; distance between meso- and metacoxae up PageBreakto twice longer than the metacoxa; scutellum rounded, coarsely punctured. Elytra: shiny, glabrous, uniform reddish brown; elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture and elytron unicolored, distinctly elevated; all four elytral ridges barely noticeable. Legs: procoxa scaly on infra-carinal and outer surface, punctures visible at 12× magnification; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size, the three teeth equally spaced; protibial inner apical spur present; mesofemural disc setose, with a row of long bristles on anterior and posterior margins; mesotibia quadrate in cross section, disc finely sculptured; two mesotibial transverse carinae, the apical one incomplete; basal apophysis of metacoxa produced beyond the outer margin of trochanter; metafemur with thick and erect bristles on posterior margin; inner margin of metatibia carinated towards apex; inner surface setose; disc finely sculptured; metatibial transverse carina present posteriorly and posterior discontinuous longitudinal carina; metatibial apical spurs of different lengths, the longest equal in length to the diameter of the tibial apex; basal metatarsomere wider than tarsomere II and equal in length; protarsomere II short and wide; pro- and mesotarsomeres I to IV enlarged, protarsomeres slightly wider than the mesotarsomeres and more than twice as wide as metatarsi; claw bifid, symmetrical, superior tooth longer and as wide as the inferior; distance between teeth as long as the inferior tooth. Abdomen: band of scales visible at the lowest magnification beneath the outer margin of elytra; ventrites bristled on disc and sides; propygidium visible, bristled and scaly; pygidium convex, sub-trapezoidal, wide, pygidial width not exceeding distance between spiracles of proPageBreakpygidium, pygidial disc bristled throughout; pygidial apex rounded. Parameres: basal region with parameral split at 2/3; parameres widened from the midline towards the apex, maximum width subapically .BRAZIL ; check.); check.); check.). Frey, 1969: 60, 49 : [white printed] “Rio Jan”, [white printed] “Liogenys/laminiceps/Mos.”, [light red printed] “Typus”, [white handwritten] “Type/ [printed] Liogenys/ [handwritten] moseri n. sp./[printed] det G. Frey, 1968”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/moseri Frey, 1969/labelled by MNHUB 2014”. This type is here designated the lectotype  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenysmoseri/Frey, 1969/des. M. A. Cherman 2014”. Genitalia mounted. Male syntype (NHMB): [white printed] “Rio Jan”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/sjoestedti/Mos/Typen.”, [red printed] “PARATYPE”, [white printed] Liogenys/ [handwritten] moseri/n. sp./[printed] det G. Frey, 1968”, [white handwritten] “Wagner”, [white printed] “Hieke/Berlin”. This type is here designated the paralectotype  “PARALECTOTYPE/Liogenysmoseri/Frey, 1969/des. M. A. Cherman 2014”.NHRS); MT: Pocone: Margen baia do Burro, 17°50.73'S, 57°24.17'W, 15/XI/2011, J. L. da Silva col., 1 ex.; without date, 1 ex.; Sede do parque [Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense], 17°50.73'S, 57°24.17'W, 15/XI/2011, J. L. da Silva col., 1 ex. (CEMT).BRAZIL. Without locality and date, 1 ex. .BRAZIL  is dubious, as the amount of localities recorded among the non-type material are from Mato Grosso state, which is very far from Rio de Janeiro. The type material was collected by Wagner during the end of 19th century and beginning of the 20th, mainly in Rio Salado region . Probably, the original type-locality written on the label was “Rio Sal” instead of “Rio Jan”, misspelled by the person who wrote the definitive label. Female of L.moseri remains unknown.Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraMelolonthidaeBlanchard, 1851Liogenyspallidicornisorig. desc.); sys.); check.); check.); check.); check.); check.) Blanchard, 1851: 167 : [white handwritten] “Capite/des Mines”, [green handwritten] “Liogenyspallidicornis./Cat. Mus./Brésil/M. PageBreakA. St. Hilaire”, [light green printed] “MUSEUM PARIS. [handwritten] Cap. des/Mines”, [red printed] “SYNTYPE”. Genitalia mounted. This type is here designated the lectotype  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenyspallidicornis/MNHN): [white handwritten] “Capite/des Mines”, [green handwritten] “Liogenyspallidicornis./Cat. Mus./Brésil/M. A. St. Hilaire”, [light green printed] “MUSEUM PARIS. [handwritten] Cap. des/Mines”, [red printed] “SYNTYPE”. This type is here designated the paralectotype:  “PARALECTOTYPE/Liogenyspallidicornis/ZMHB); CE: without date and collector, 2 ex. (ZMHB); Ubajara, “P.N. Portão Neblina”, 3°50'35.5"S, 40°54'1"W, 16/II/2013, 850 m, Vaz-de-Mello and Grossi col., 1 ex. (CEMT); “Nordeste”, without date and collector, 2 ex. (CEMT); RN: Jardim de Angicos, I/1952, M. Alvarenga, 1 ex. (DZUP); Natal, XII/1956, A.F. Magalhães col., 1 ex. (DZUP); 2 ex. (MNRJ); Mossoró, I/1952, M. Alvarenga col., 4 ex. (DZUP); SE: Caninde do São Francisco, “Faz. Miramar”, 11/III/2000, L. Iannuzzi col., 1 ex. (CEMT); BA: Jacobina, XII/1941, Mangabeira col., 2 ex. (CMNC). ARGENTINA. Chaco austral, without date, C. Bruch col., 1 ex. (MLPA).BRAZIL. Without locality, date and collector, 4 ex. ; ARGENTINA .BRAZIL ; check.); check.); red.). Blanchard, 1851: 168 (Liogenysparvacheck.); check.); check.); check.). : Liogenysparvus male syntype (MNHN): [white handwritten] “Capit.e/des mines [today Minas Gerais]”, [light green printed] “MUSEUM PARIS/ [handwritten] Caple des/Mines”, [green handwritten] “L.parvus/ Cat Mus/ Montevideo/ M. A. St. Hilaire”. Male genitalia mounted. This type is here designated as lectotype, bearing:  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenysparva/Blanchard, 1851/des. M. A. Cherman 2016”.Body yellowish brown; elongate; elytra testaceous, pronotum darker; clypeus quadridentate due to the tooth-like projection laterally; clypeal emargination sub-angled and narrow; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; distance between clypeal lateral and anterior tooth equal to basal width of anterior tooth, distance between clypeal lateral tooth and anterior margin of eye longer than one eye, right angle between clypeal lateral and anterior tooth; canthus exceeding the outer margin of the eye; mesotibia cylindrical in cross section; metacoxa punctured and bristled; pygidium convex, apex rounded; pygidial width exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; pygidial disc bristled on apex; male genitalia, total length of parameres less than three times the length of their apex; inner margins convergent; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle projecting straight downward Fig. .Head: distance between eyes nearly twice the width of one eye; frons length equal to clypeus; clypeal emargination deep, rounded and narrow; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; outer margin of anterior teeth shorter than the eye; clypeus convex laterally and strongly produced forming a tooth-like projection; distance between lateral and anterior tooth equal to basal width of anterior tooth, distance between lateral tooth and anterior margin of eye longer than one eye, right angle between anterior and lateral teeth; canthus exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width twice width of apex; fovea deep, extending past the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color than flagellum and equal in length. Thorax: pronotal anterior margin of pronotum straight and depressed throughout BRAZIL  and in NHMB, different from L.parva Blanchard's, type. We did not find any L.parva type in both USNM and NHMB museums, though in NHMB there was found only one non-type specimen labeled by Frey as L.parva, with labels from USNM and Frey's, collection, labeled from Salta, Argentina . After studying the L.parva Blanchard lectotype (MNHN), plus Frey's, (1969) redescription and the non-type specimen found in NHMB, we concluded that the L.parva redescribed by L.parva Blanchard.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraMelolonthidaeHilarianuspunctaticollisorig. desc.); sys.); check.); check.); check.). Blanchard, 1851: 169 ; check.). Burmeister, 1855: 13 ; check.); red.). : Liogenyspunctaticollissyn. of L.palmata); check.); check.); check.). : Hilarianusangulicepsorig. desc.); sys.); check.); check.); check.); check.); check.); check.); syn. of L.punctaticollis). Blanchard, 1851: 169 : [handwritten] “Brésil”, [light green printed] “MUSÉUM PÁRIS”, [red printed] “SYNTYPE”, [green handwritten] “H.punctaticollis/ Cat Mus/ Brésil/ M. de Castelnau”. Genitalia mounted.Liogenyspalmata male lectotype (MHLU): [handwritten] “palmata/ Germ./ Bras Int.”, [white handwritten] “Type/Liogenys/palmatus/burm/[printed] det. G. Frey 1967/68”. Genitalia mounted. Male paralectotype (MHLU): “P. Type/Liogenys/ palmatus/ burm/ [printed] det. G. Frey 1967/68”, [green printed] “Nov./Frib.”, [white printed] “Prof. Hüsind/Halle” Genitalia mounted. Female paralectotype (MHLU): “P. Type/Liogenys/palmatus/burm/[printed] det. G. Frey 1967/68”, [white printed] “Prof. Hüsind/Halle”. Those three types were labeled by Frey in 1967/68, as Type and P. Types and that is why they are here considered as lectotype and paralectotypes.Hilarianusanguliceps female holotype (MNHN): [white handwritten] “71/44”, [light green printed] “MUSÉUM PÁRIS/Rio-Janeiro/de Castelnau”, [white handwritten] “f#”, [white handwritten] “Hilarianus/anguliceps Bl”, [red printed] “SYNTYPE”, [green handwritten] “H.anguliceps/Cat Mus/ Brésil/M. de Castelnau”.ES: Rio Bonito, X/1963, 600 m, without collector, 1 ex. (DZUP); MG: Mesquita, XII/1973, Ravenna col., 1 ex. (CMNC); SP: São Paulo, IX/1936, J. Zikan col., 1 ex. (IBSP); without locality and date, Raben col., 1 ex. (ZMUC).BRAZIL. PageBreaktotal length of parameres near five times the length of their apex; inner margins convergent; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle curved projecting almost perpendicular to parameres . Liogenyspalmata: BRAZIL, “int” (syn).ES, MG, RJ, SP).BRAZIL ; check.); check.); check.); check.). Moser, 1918: 103 : [white printed] “Paraguay”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/rufocastaneus/Mos/Type m#.”, [light red printed] “Typus”, [white printed] “Liogenys/rufocastaneus/Mos.”. Genitalia mounted. This type is here designated the lectotype:  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenysrufocastaneus/Moser, 1921/des. M. A. Cherman 2016”. A female syntype (ZMHB): [white printed] “Brasilien”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/rufocastaneus/Mos/Type f#.” [light red printed] “Typus”, [white printed] “Liogenys/rufocastaneus/Mos.” These syntype are here designated as paralectotype, with the label: “PARALECTOTYPE/Liogenysrufocastaneus/ Moser, 1921/ des. M. A. Cherman 2016”.SDEI); PARAGUAY. Without date, Fry, 1 ex. (NHMB); Without date, Kraatz, 9 ex. (SDEI). BRAZIL. Without date, Kraatz, 7 ex. (SDEI).without locality and date, Kraatz, 1 ex.  Blanchard, 1851: 167 (Liogenyssanctae-crucissys.); check.) : Liogenyssanctaecrucischeck.); check.). : Liogenyssanctaecrucischeck.); check.); check.). : Liogenysexcisusorig. desc.); check.); check.); check.). Moser, 1919: 15 ; check.); check.) Syn. n. Keith, 2004: 195 : [white handwritten] “D319/34” [light green printed] “MUSEUM PARIS/Chiquitos/d’Orbigny”, [red printed] “SYNTYPE”. This type is here designated the lectotype  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenyssantaecrucis/Blanchard, 1851/des. M. A. Cherman 2014”. Female syntype (MNHN) [white handwritten] “D319/34”, [light green printed] “MUSEUM PARIS/[handwritten] Chiquitos/d’Orbigny”, [red printed] “SYNTYPE”, [green handwritten] “L. sanctae-crucis/Cat. Mus./Santa-Cruz (Bolivie)/M. D Orbigny). This syntype is here designated the paralectotype  “PARALECTOTYPE/Liogenyssantaecrucis/Blanchard, 1851/des. M. A. Cherman 2014”.Liogenysexcisus male holotype (ZMHB): [white printed] “Cuyaba/Mtt. Grosso”, [white handwritten] “kein/furr? Mos”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/excisus/Mos/Typen”, [red printed] “Typus”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/bidenti/ceps Mos/[printed] det. G. Frey, 1968”.MT: Dist. Guia. Faz Santhidi, 15°28'47S 56°07'33"W, 3/XI/2010, 180m, L. Silva col., 2 ex. (CEMT); Cáceres, 14/XI/1984, Buzzi, Mielke, Elias and Casagrande cols. 1 ex. (DZUP). BOLIVIA. LP: Rio Tamampayo, without date and collector, 1 ex. (ZMHB).BRAZIL. PageBreakangled corners. Male genitalia with a groove across the parameral basal region, elevated flange along the inner margin, apex widened and rounded .MT); BOLIVIA .BRAZIL  and L.peritryssoidea (ZMHB) were PageBreakcompared, and we concluded that it is a junior subjective synonym of L.santaecrucis. Blanchard's, species name was originally Liogenyssantae-crucis. Subsequent authors corrected its spelling to L.sanctaecrucis. In this work, the spelling is being corrected again to L.santaecrucis, maintaining the root of the original species epithet.rly Figs , 59, 62.Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraMelolonthidaeMoser, 1918Liogenyssinuaticepsorig. desc.); check.), check.); check.); check.). Moser, 1918: 104 : [white printed] “Brasilia”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/sinuaticeps/Mos/Typen m#.”, [red printed] “Typus”, [white printed] “Liogenys/sinuaticeps/Mos.”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/sinuaticeps Moser, 1918/labelled by MNHUB 2014”. Genitalia mounted. As according to Moser's, description there is only one type specimen, it is considered the holotype.SP: Campinas, without date and collector, 1 ex. (ZMHB); RS: Itacurubi, 10/X/2012, I. Valmorbida col, 1 ex. (DZUP).BRAZIL. Body yellowish; elongate; elytra and pronotum uniform yellow; clypeal emargination rounded and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel; clypeal lateral projection barely noticeable, rounded; canthus exceeding the outer margin of the eye; labium not transversely carinated, longer than wide, labial sides swollen; sensorial area not reaching the midline of the palpomere and not forming a fovea; antenna 9-articulated; basal apophysis of metacoxa not produced; metafemur with thick and erect bristles on posterior margin; inner margin of male metatibia not carinated and not produced on apex, metatibial inner face glabrous; tarsi opaque, male protarsomeres enlarged as wide as the mesotarsomeres, more than twice as wide as metatarsi; pygidial disc glabrous; flat in lateral view; male genitalia, parameral width almost equal throughout their entire length; inner margins straight or slightly divergent, apex of parameres truncated and curved downwards Fig. .Head: distance between eyes more than three times wider than one eye; frons equal in length to clypeus; clypeal emargination shallow, rounded and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel; outer margin of anterior teeth longer than the eye; clypeal lateral margin convex, with a rounded projection barely noticeable; distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior margin of eye longer than one eye; distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior tooth shorter than basal width of anterior tooth; canthus exceeding the outer margin of the eye; maxilla, teeth of galea reduced; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width barely wider than apex; sensorial area not reaching the midline of the palpomere and not forming a fovea; labium not transversely carinated, longer than wide, labial sides swollen; antenna 9-articulated, lamellae unicolored with flagellum and in males they are equal in length. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum straight; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures fine and very sparse; pronotal posterior corners rounded; proepisternum bristled; mesepisternum scaly; sides of metasternum glabrous; distance between meso- and metacoxae up to twice longer than the metacoxa; scutellum ogival, coarsely punctured at the base or sides. Elytra: shiny, glabrous, uniform yellowish brown; elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture and elytron unicolored, distinctly elevated; the two pairs of inner ridges more noticeable than the two outer pairs. Legs: procoxa scaly on infra-carinal surface and bristled on the outer one; smooth at 12× magnification; three protibial teeth, the apical the longest, the three teeth equally spaced; protibial inner apical spur present; mesofemural disc setose; mesotibia cylindrical in cross section; disc finely sculptured, two mesotibial transverse carinae, the apical one incomplete; basal apophysis of metacoxa not produced; metafemur with thick and erect bristles on posterior margin; metatibial apical spurs of different lengths, the longest one exceeding the diameter of the tibial apex; inner margin of metatibia not carinated and not produced on apex; metatibial disc finely sculptured; two metatibial transverse carinae present posteriorly; tarsi opaque; basal metatarsomere shorter and wider than tarsomere II; in males protarsomere II short and wide; pro- and mesotarsomeres I to IV enlarged, protarsomeres as wide as the mesotarsomeres, more than twice as wide as metatarsi; claw bifid, symmetrical, PageBreaksuperior tooth longer and as wide as the inferior; distance between teeth longer than the inferior tooth. Abdomen: band of scales visible at the lowest magnification beneath the outer margin of elytra; ventrites bristled on disc; propygidium visible, glabrous; pygidium flat, sub-trapezoidal, wider than long; pygidial width not exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; pygidial disc glabrous; pygidial apex quadrate or sub-quadrate. Parameres: width almost equal throughout the entire length of the parameres; parameral split at the third portion; inner margins straight, slightly divergent; parameres apex truncated .BRAZIL   Fig. , and theia) Fig. . Liogenylor Fig.  ; check.); check.); check.); check.). Moser, 1918: 108 : [white printed] “Brasilia/[handwritten]Bahia”, [white handwritten] Liogenys/spiniventris/Mos./Typen”, [red printed] “Typus”, [white printed] “Liogenys/spiniventris/Mos.”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/spiniventris Moser, 1918/labelled by MNHUB 2014”. As it is the unique primary type, it is considered the holotype.Body brownish; elongate; elytra testaceous, pronotum purplish brown, clypeal emargination sharp and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; clypeal lateral margin convex, with a tooth-like projection; right angle between outer side of anterior teeth and clypeal lateral projection; mesotibia quadrate in cross section; inner margin of metatibia abruptly sub-basally produced towards apex; ventrites IV and V produced medially Fig. ; pygidiuPageBreakHead: distance between eyes nearly twice the width of one eye; frons swollen, equal in length to clypeus; clypeal emargination sharp, shallow and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; outer margin of anterior teeth shorter than the eye; clypeal lateral margin convex forming a tooth-like projection; distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior margin of eye shorter than one eye; distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior tooth shorter than basal width of anterior tooth; right angle between outer side of anterior teeth and clypeal lateral projection; canthus not exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width less than twice width of apex; fovea shallow, extending past the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color and longer than flagellum. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum slightly produced medially; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures fine and sparse; pronotal posterior corners sharp, almost right-angled; proepisternum with short bristles; mesepisternum scaly; sides of metasternum scaly and bristled, few long bristles on the anterior margin; disPageBreaktance between meso- and metacoxae up to twice longer than the metacoxa; scutellum ogival, finely punctured at the sides. Elytra: shiny, glabrous, uniformly testaceous, distinctly lighter in color than pronotum, elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture slightly darker than elytron and distinctly elevated; all four elytral ridges barely noticeable. Legs: procoxa bristled on infra-carinal and outer surface; punctures visible at 12× magnification; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size, the three teeth equally spaced; protibial inner apical spur present; mesofemural disc setose, with a row of long bristles on anterior and posterior margins; mesotibia quadrate in cross section, disc coarsely sculptured; two mesotibial transverse carinae, the apical one incomplete; basal apophysis of metacoxa produced beyond the outer margin of trochanter; inner margin of metatibia carinated and abruptly sub-basally or medially produced up to the apex, apical inner surface setose; metatibial disc finely sculptured; metatibial transverse carina present posteriorly and posterior discontinuous longitudinal carina; metatibial spurs equal in length, length equal to the diameter of the tibial apex; basal metatarsomere and tarsomere II equal in size, slightly wider than the mesotarsomeres and more than twice as wide as metatarsi; claw bifid, symmetrical, superior tooth longer and as wide as the inferior; distance between teeth shorter than the inferior tooth. Abdomen: ventrites bristled on disc and sides; ventrites IV and V produced medially; propygidium visible, glabrous; pygidium convex; sub-trapezoidal, as wide as it is long; pygidial width not exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; pygidial disc bristled only on apex; pygidial apex quadrate. Parameres: width of basal region narrower than the parameres together at its maximum width; parameral split at the third portion; inner margins of parameres convergent; apex fusiform .BRAZIL Hilarianussuturalisorig. desc.); sys.); check.); check.); check.). Blanchard, 1851: 169 ; check.); check.) : Hilarianussuturalis female syntype (MNHN): [light green printed] “MUSÉUM PÁRIS/ Bresil/deCastelnau”, [red printed] “SYNTYPE”, [green handwritten] “H.suturalis/ Cat Mus/ Minas-Geraes (Brésil)/ M. de Castelnau”. This type is here designated the lectotype  “LECTOTYPE/Hilarianussuturalis/Blanchard, 1851/des. M. A. Cherman 2014”. Female syntype (MNHN): [white handwritten] “1859/34”, [white handwritten] “2860”, [light green printed] “MUSÉUM PÁRIS/ [handwritten] Santa-Cruz/d’Orbigny”, [red printed] “SYNTYPE”, [green handwritten] “H.suturalis/ Cat Mus/ Santa-Cruz (Bolivie)/ M. D’Orbigny”. This type is here designated the paralectotype  “PARALECTOTYPE / Hilarianussuturalis/Blanchard, 1851/des. M. A. Cherman 2014”.GO: Edéia, 14/X/2003, R. B. da Costa col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Goiania, X/2012, Tissiane Col., 2 ex. (CEMT); DF: Brasília, “Lago Norte”, 15°45'42.63"S, 47°50'5.8"W, XII/2009, 1023 m, Nunes col., 6 ex. (CEMT); Planaltina, 15°36'16"S, 47°44'16"W, 3/XI/2006, C. Oliveira col., 5 ex. (CEMT); MT: Rosário Oeste, XI/1976, A. Maller col., 2 ex. (MNRJ); Córrego Brigadeiro [Figueirópolis D’Oeste], 15°30’S, 58°43’W, 29/IX/1984, Binda col., 7 ex. (INPA); 29/IX/1984, Marcolino col., 1 ex. (CEMT); BR 270 km 140 [near Rondonópolis], 27/IX/1984, Binda col., 1 ex. (INPA); Chapada dos Guimarães, 23/X/2011, Tassinari col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Cuiabá, without date and collector, 1 ex.; 24/VIII/1993, Pinto Col., 1 ex.; 20/VI/2010, Rabello col., 1 ex.; 13/XI/2012, Jacobina col., 1 ex.; 3/X/1988, Silva col., PageBreak1 ex.; 9/IX/1990, Netto col., 1 ex.; 21/V/1986, Costa col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Poconé, 15/IV/2009, Abreu col., 1 ex.; 9/XI/2002, without collector, 1 ex.; 21/XI/2003, without collector, 1 ex. (CEMT); Varzea Grande, 13/XI/1993, Paula col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Campo Verde, “Rio Engano”, 14/X/2012, Pena and Pena cols., 1 ex. (CEMT); Barra do Bugre, 7/XI/1993, Serrano col., 1 ex. (CEMT); MS: Campo Grande, X/1947, A. Maller col., 2 ex. (AMNH); Porto Murtinho, XI/1929, W. Mehr col., 14 ex. (MNRJ); Dourados, 22°13'44.26"S, 54°49'48,18"W, 15/VIII/2010, 429 m, Simioni col. 1 ex.; “Faz. Coqueiro Azulão”, 22°14'28"S, 54°55'08"W, 12/IV/2012, D. G. Ribeiro col., 1 ex.; “UFGD”, 22°11'38,7"S, 54°55'16"W, 9/V/2012, D. G. Ribeiro col., 1 ex. (MuBio); 26/XI/2012, F. Vaz-de-Mello col., 3 ex. (CEMT); Nova Andradina, “Usina Santa Helena”, 21°59'32"S, 53°26'28"W, 18/X/2012, 360 m, G. Coutinho col., 4 ex. (CEMT); Rio Brilhante, 21-28/X/1970, V. O. Becker col., 3 ex. (DZUP); Bonito, 21°07'44"S, 56°28'46"W, 19/XII/2010, F. Vaz-de-Mello col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Rio Verde [Rio Verde do Mato Grosso], XI/1959, 400 m, without collector, 2 ex.; X/1966, A. Maller col., 1 ex. (DZUP); BA: Encruzilhada, 15°31'42,3"S, 40°57'52,1"W, 16/XII/2012, 780 m, Rafael and Grossi col., 1 ex.; 15°34'35"S, 40°56'51"W, 16/XII/2012, 850 m, Rafael and Grossi col., 1 ex. (INPA); XI/1975, without collector, 4 ex. (MNRJ); “Estr. SE”, 16/XII/2012, P. Grossi col., 4 ex. (EPGC); MG: Aguas vermelhas, XII/1997, Vaz-de-Mello and Bello cols., 2 ex. (CEMT); 12/XII/2012, P Grossi col., 14 ex. (EPGC); (1) São Roque de Minas, “Serra da Canastra, Sede Jaguaré”, 20°15'17"S, 46°25'11"W, 2/XI/2007, Souza col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Lavras, 9/X/2001, Vieira col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Uberaba, X/1961, D. Elias col., 15 ex. (DZUP); Uberlândia, 21/X/1974, H.N. Espínola col., 2 ex. (DZUP); Ibiá, 20/X/1965, C.T. and C. Elias col., 1 ex. (DZUP); SP: Pontal, 23/X/1984, Osman Dermeka col., 4 ex. (DZUP); Descalvado, “Faz. Itaunas”, 27/IX/2007, N. W. Perioto col., 2 ex.; 6/X/2006, N. W. Perioto col., 2 ex.; 17/XII/2007, N. W. Perioto col., 1 ex.; 5/XI/2007, N. W. Perioto col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Neves Paulista, 9/VII/2009, Fanti col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Palmital, “Faz. São Sebastião”, 12/X2010, Callil col., 18 ex. (CEMT); Batatais, 31/X/1969, L. C. Silva col., 1 ex.(DZUP); Ribeirão Preto, 31/X/1973, Pe. Moure col., 1 ex. (DZUP); PR: Porecatu, 20/X/1970, Becker-Hastchback col., 1 ex. (DZUP). BOLIVIA. SC: Comarapa, “Aserradero La forestal”, 9/XI/1987, D. Salvatierra col., 1 ex. (AMNH); Parapeti, I/1960, A. Martinez col., 1 ex. (CMNC); Camiri, 12/XI/1946, Maldonado col., 1 ex. (1) (ZMNC); CB: Cochabamba, without date, Zischka col., 1 ex. (CMNC). PARAGUAY. Without date, Zikan col., 1 ex. (CEIOC); without locality, date and collector, 10 ex.; “camino vogt”, without date, Heys col., 1 ex. (SDEI); CN: San Carlos del Apa, 22°14'04"S, 57°17'48"W, 30/X/2002, B. Garcete col., 2 ex. (CEMT); AS: Asunción, XI/1944, Mis. Cient. Brasil col., 3 ex. (CEIOC); IT: Coronel Bogado, 27°10'12"S 56°15'0"W, I/1944, A. Martinez col., 1 ex. (CEIOC); GU: Villarica, XII/1928, Schade col., 3 ex. (CEIOC). ARGENTINA. SA: El Naranjo, II/1944, A. Martinez col., 2 ex.; Parque Nacional El Rey, 15/XII/1987, 890 mm Peck col., 2 ex.; Tartagal, XI/1944, Duret and Martinez cols., 4 ex. (CMNC); Cafayate, 26°03'52"S, 65°56'19"W, 24/XI/2006, Ocampo, Ruiz, San Blas, Salazar cols., 3 ex. (IADIZA); JU: XI/1947, without collector, 2 ex. (DZUP); without date, Bruch col., 2 ex. (ZMHB); Marta [?], XI/1946, Duret col., 1 ex. (CMNC); PageBreakFO: Laguna Yema, 24°19'54"S, 61°17'37,73"W, 11/XII/2008, 161 m, Ocampo, San Blas, Campon cols., 2 ex. (IADIZA); CH: XI/1945, A. Martinez col., 1 ex. (CMNC); CO: El Diquecito, I/1976, A. Martinez col., 2 ex.; San Javier, II/1946, Monros col., 1 ex.; Calamuchita, “La Granadilla”, I/1974, A. Martinez col., 1 ex. (CMNC); Lozada, XI/2006, P. Fichetti col., 3 ex. (IADIZA); “Cordova, Pampas”, without date and collector, 1 ex. (MNHN); SL: Luján, I/2010, M. A. Cherman col., 3 ex. (DZUP).BRAZIL. Body brownish, elongate; elytra dull yellow, pruinose, opaque; pronotum reddish brown, shiny; clypeal emargination shallow, rounded and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth follow the lateral margin of clypeus, sub-parallel in females; lateral margin straight, slightly convex in females; pronotal posterior corners sharp, obtuse-angled; meso- and metepisternum, sides of metasternum and metacoxae scaly; mesotibia sub-quadrate in cross section; pygidium flat, pygidial disc bristled throughout, coarsely punctured; in males total length of parameres near five times the length of their apex; inner margins straight, slightly divergent; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle curved projecting almost perpendicular to parameres Fig. .Head: distance between eyes nearly twice the width of one eye, more than twice in females; frons equal in length to clypeus; clypeal emargination rounded, shallow and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth follow the lateral margin of clypeus in males, sub-parallel in females; clypeal lateral margin straight, slightly convex in females; outer margin of anterior tooth shorter than one eye; canthus not exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width twice width of apex; fovea deep, extending to the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color and longer than flagellum. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum straight; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures fine and dense, coarser in females; pronotal posterior corners sharp, obtuse-angled; proepisternum with long bristles; meso- and metepisternum, and sides of metasternum scaly, metasternum with few long bristles on the anterior margin; distance between meso- and metacoxae up to twice longer than the metacoxa; scutellum ogival, coarsely punctured. Elytra: glabrous, dull yellow, darker at the base, pruinose; elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture slightly darker than elytron and distinctly elevated; pair of inner ridges more noticeable than the three outer pairs. Legs: procoxa scaly on infra-carinal and outer surface; punctures visible at 12× magnification; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size, the three teeth equally spaced; protibial inner apical spur present; mesofemural disc setose, with a row of long bristles on anterior and posterior margins; mesotibia sub-quadrate in cross section; disc coarsely sculptured; mesotibial apical transverse carina may vary from partial to complete, in females always complete; basal apophysis of metacoxa produced beyond the outer margin of trochanter; metatibia with posterior discontinuous longitudinal carina; metatibial apical spurs equal in length, length equal to the diameter of the tibial apex; inner margin of male metatibia carinated towards apex, apical inner surface setose; metatibial disc coarsely PageBreaksculptured; two metatibial transverse carinae present posteriorly; basal metatarsomere and tarsomere II equal in size; in males protarsomere II long; pro- and mesotarsomeres I to IV enlarged, protarsomeres slightly wider than the mesotarsomeres, twice as wide as metatarsi; claw bifid, symmetrical, superior tooth longer and as wide as the inferior; distance between teeth as long as the inferior tooth. Abdomen: band of scales visible at the lowest magnification beneath the outer margin of elytra; disc of ventrites bearing sparse short bristles; propygidium visible, with scarce scales; pygidium generally flat, sub-quadrate, as wide as it is long; pygidial width not exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; pygidial disc bristled throughout, coarsely punctured; pygidial apex sub-quadrate, more rounded in females. Parameres: basal region slightly narrower than the width of the parameres together at its transverse midline, parameral split at 2/3; total length of parameres near five times the length of their apex; inner margins straight, slightly divergent; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle curved projecting almost perpendicular to parameres ; CBBOLIVIA ; PARAGUAY ; SAARGENTINA .BRAZIL  (ipennis) , and difTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraMelolonthidaeMoser, 1921Liogenystarsalisorig. desc.); check.);  Moser, 1921a: 54 ; check.); check.). : Liogenystarsalis male syntype (ZMHB): [white printed] “Rio Jan”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/tarsalis/ Mos/ Typen m#.”, [white handwritten] “Wagner.”, [red printed] “Typus”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/tarsalis Moser, 1921/labelled by MNHUB 2014”. This type is here designated the lectotype  “LECTOTYPE/Liogenystarsalis/Moser, 1921/ des. M. A. Cherman 2014”. Female syntype (ZMHB) [white printed] “Rio Jan”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/tarsalis/ Mos/ Typen f#.”, [white handwritten] “Wagner.”, [redPageBreakprinted] “Typus”, [red printed] “SYNTYPUS/Liogenys/tarsalis Moser, 1921/labelled by MNHUB 2014”. Female syntype (ZMHB) with the same labels as the former, plus: [orange printed] “Liogenystarsalis Moser Det. K. Katovich 02”. Male syntype (NHRS): [white printed] “Rio Jan”, [white handwritten] “Liogenystarsalis n. sp. Mos. m#”, [white printed] “Wagner.”, [red printed] “Typus”, [white printed] “NHRS- JLKB 000021172”. Female syntype (NHRS): [white printed] “Rio Jan”, [white handwritten] “Liogenystarsalis n. sp. Mos. f#”, [white printed] “Wagner.”, [red printed] “Typus”, [white printed] “NHRS- JLKB 000021173”. These four syntypes are here designated paralectotypes, each one with the label:  “PARALECTOTYPE/Liogenystarsalis/Moser, 1921/ des. M. A. Cherman 2014”.CH: Charata, X/1924, 4 ex. (MLPA); Pampa del infierno, IX/1982, A. Martinez col. 1 ex. (CMNC); SF: Chaco, XI/1905, C. Bruch col. 1 ex. (ZMHB).ARGENTINA. PageBreakgidium convex, bristled throughout; parameres with inner margins convergent, apex of each paramere fits into the other.Body brownish; elongate, sides almost parallel; elytra with non-uniform brown, base, inner and outer margins darker, as are the head and pronotum Fig. ; clypealHead: distance between eyes nearly twice the width of one eye; frons equal in length to clypeus; clypeal emargination deep, sub-angled and narrow; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel; outer margin of anterior teeth as long as the eye; clypeal lateral margin convex, projection rounded; distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior margin of eye longer than one eye; distance between clypeal lateral projection and anterior tooth shorter than basal width of anterior tooth; obtuse angle between outer side of anterior teeth and clypeal lateral projection; canthus not exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width more than twice width of apex; fovea shallow, extending past the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color and longer than the flagellum. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum slightly produced medially; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc sulcated medially, glabrous, punctures coarse and dense; pronotal posterior corners rounded; proepisternum with long bristles, pro- and mesepisternum scaly; sides of metasternum with sparse bristles and few long ones on the anterior margin; distance between meso- and metacoxae up to twice the length of the metacoxa; scutellum ogival to rounded, coarsely punctured. Elytra: shiny, glabrous, brownish, lighter in color than pronotum, base, inner and outer margins darker; elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture darker than elytron and elevated, pair of inner ridges more noticeable than the three outer pairs. Legs: procoxa scaly on infra-carinal and outer surface; punctures visible at 12× magnification; three protibial teeth, the apical the longest; distance between basal and middle teeth longer than between middle and apical; protibial inner apical spur reduced or absent; mesofemural disc setose, thick erect bristles on posterior margin; mesotibia cylindric in cross section, disc coarsely sculptured; two mesotibial transverse carinae, the apical one incomplete; metacoxa scaly, basal apophysis not produced; inner margin of metatibia carinated but apex not produced ; CHARGENTINA .BRAZIL  is very far from those localities recorded among the non-type material which are all from Argentinian Chacoan Province . Probably, the type-locality written on the original label was “Rio Sal” instead of “Rio Jan”, misspelled by the person who wrote the definitive label. Females remain unknown.ous Figs , 75F. Thnce Fig. . The typTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraMelolonthidaeMoser, 1918Liogenystestaceipennisorig. desc.); check.); check.); check.); check.) Moser, 1918: 109 (Liogenysseabraiorig. desc.); check.); check.); check.) Syn. n. Martínez, 1957: 51 : [white printed] “Brasil”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/testaceipennis/Mos./Type”, [red printed] “Typus”, “HOLOTYPUS/Liogenys/testaceipennis Moser, 1918/labelled by MNHUB 2013”. Genitalia mounted.Liogenysseabrai male holotype (MACN): [white handwritten] “Ene-957/BRASIL/Rio Janeiro/D.F. TIJUCA/C. A. C. Seabra/ A. Martínez- coll.”, [red printed] HOLOTYPUS, [red handwritten] “Liogenys/seabrai (M)/ sp. N./ [printed] A. MARTÍNEZ- DET. 1957”.RJ: Manguinhos, 22/IX/1913, R. Fischer Col., 2 ex.; 28/IX/1916, R. Fischer col., 1 ex.; 19/X/1917, R. Fischer col., 1 ex.; 22/X/1917, R. Fischer col., 2 ex. (SDEI); Tijuca, I/1957, C. A. C. Seabra and A. Martinez col., 1 ex. (MACN); Seabra (CMNC); 4/XI/1957, A. Martinez col. (MNRJ); II/1957, M. Alvarenga col., 1 ex. (DZUP); Corcovado, 5/XI/1937; Friedr. Tippmann Wien col, 1 ex. (ZMHB); 15/IX/1961, J. S. Moure col. 1 ex. (DZUP); IX/1961, IX/1961, C. A. Seabra and M. Alvarenga (DZUP); Galeão, XI/1953, M. Alvarenga, 1 ex. (DZUP); Praia Brava, V/1975, Jesus col., 1 ex. (CEIOC); Represa Amorim, I/1933, Travassos col., 1 ex. (CEIOC); Jacarepagua, I/1957, A. Martinez col., 1ex. (CMNC).BRAZIL. Body brownish; elongate; elytra testaceous to brownish, pronotum darker, reddish brown in males and dark brown in females; clypeal emargination rounded and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel; clypeal lateral margin convex in males, straight in females; male mesotibia quadrate in cross section, sub-quadrate to cylindrical in females; pygidium varies from flat to convex, as wide as it is long; pygidial disc bristled only on apex. In males, metafemur medially produced on posterior margin; inner margin of metatibia medially produced and ventrite IV medially produced; parameres of genitalia near three times the length of their apex; inner margins straight; apex harpoon-like, lateral angle curved projecting almost perpendicular to parameres Fig. .PageBreakHead: distance between eyes nearly twice the width of one eye; frons equal in length to clypeus; clypeal emargination rounded, shallow and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel; outer margin of anterior teeth shorter than the eye; clypeal lateral margin concave in males, straight in females; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width less than twice width of apex; fovea shallow, extending past the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color and longer than flagellum. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum slightly produced medially; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures fine and sparse; pronotal posterior corners sharp, almost right-angled; proepisternum with short bristles; mesepisternum scaly; sides of metasternum scaly and bristled, few long bristles on the anterior margin; distance between meso- and metacoxae up to twice longer than the metacoxa; scutellum ogival, coarsely punctured at the sides. Elytra: shiny, glabrous, uniform testaceous, lighter in color than the pronotum; elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture slightly darker than elytron and distinctly elevated; two pairs of inner ridges more noticeable than the two outer pairs. Legs: procoxa bristled on infra-carinal and outer surface; punctures visible at 12× magnification; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size; the three teeth equally spaced; protibial inner apical spur present; mesofemur with a row of long bristles on anterior and posterior margins; male mesotibia quadrate in cross section, sub-quadrate to cylindrical in females; disc coarsely sculptured, metatibial apical transverse carina in males partial or complete, in females always complete; basal apophysis of metacoxa produced beyond the outer margin of trochanter; metatibia with posterior discontinuous longitudinal carina; metatibial apical spurs equal in length, length equal to the diameter of the tibial apex; male metafemur medially produced on posterior margin; inner margin of male metatibia carinated and medially produced towards apex, apical inner surface setose; metatibial disc finely sculptured; metatibial transverse carina present posteriorly; basal metatarsomere slightly wider and equal to or slightly longer than tarsomere II; in males, protarsomere II long; pro- and mesotarsomeres I to IV enlarged, protarsomeres slightly wider than the mesotarsomeres and more than twice as wide as metatarsi; claw bifid, symmetrical, superior tooth longer and as wide as the inferior; distance between teeth as long as the inferior tooth. Abdomen: ventrites bristled on disc; propygidium visible, glabrous; pygidium flat or convex, sub-trapezoidal, as wide as it is long; pygidial width not exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium, pygidial disc bristled only on apex; ventrite IV in males medially produced; male pygidial apex quadrate. Parameres: width of basal region equal to the parameres together at its transverse midline, parameral split at the third portion; total length of parameres near three times the length of their apex; inner margins straight; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle projecting almost perpendicular to parameres RJ).BRAZIL  and L.seabrai (MACN) primary types were studied and we concluded that they are conspecific, so herein L.seabrai is designated junior subjective synonym of L.testaceipennis.nis Fig.  differs ris Fig.  in the sTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraMelolonthidaeMoser, 1918Liogenystibialisorig. desc.); check.); syn. of L.palmata). Stat. Rest. Moser, 1918: 107 : [white printed] “Brasilia/ [handwritten] Theresopolis”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/tibialis Mos/Typen”, [red printed] “Typus”, [white printed] “CUM TYPO/COMPARATUM”, [white handwritten] “Liogenys/palmatus/Burm/[printed] det. G. Frey 1968”. Genitalia mounted. As it is the unique primary type, it is considered the holotype.MG: Passa Quatro, 19/IX/1922, 915 m, J. Zikan col., 1 ex.(CEIOC); RJ: Bomsucesso, VIII/1922, Barros col., 1 ex. (CEIOC); Petrópolis, Mosela, 24/I/1956, D’Albuquerque col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); Itatiaia, XI/1947, 900 m, Nick col., 1 ex. (CMNC); 1/I/1927, Ohaus col., 2 ex. (SDEI); I/1968, Dirings col., 1 ex. (MZSP); 1/X/1926, 700 m, J. Zikan col., 1 ex.; 9/I/1929, 700 m, J. Zikan col., 1 ex.; 20/IX/1929, 700 m, J. Zikan col., 1 ex.; 14/X/1937, W. Zikan col., 1 ex. (CEIOC); X/1962, 900 m, L. Almeida and O. Mielke cols., 1 ex. (MNRJ); 18/IX/1935, without collector, 1 ex.; 19/X/1944, 700 m, without collector, 2 ex.; XI/1947, 700 m, without collector, 1 ex. (MNRJ); “Fazenda Penedo”, 19/XI/1942, Rygod col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); “Lago azul”, 19/VI/1954, Daicy, Barros, Pearson cols., 4 ex. (MNRJ); 1 ex. (ZMHB); Theresopolis, without date and collector, 1 ex. (ZMHB); “Soberbo”, 15/X/1978, Becker, 1 ex. (MCNZ); SP: without date, M. Melzer col., 1 ex.; without date, J Metz col., 1 ex. (SDEI); São Paulo, without date and collector, 3 ex. (MNRJ); 21/IX/1914, without collector, 1 ex. (CEIOC); Alto da Serra, without date and collector, 1 ex. (DZUP); without date and collector, 1 ex. (ZMHB); “Paranapiacaba”, 30/III/1924, R. Spitz col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); I/1928, without collector, 1 ex. (MZSP); without date and collector, 1 ex. (CMNC); Ipiranga, without date and collector, 1 ex. (MZSP); 12/V/1983, without collector, 1 ex. (CMNC); 29/IX/1926, Ohaus col., 1 ex.; 15/X/1926, Ohaus col., 1 ex. (SDEI); 24/IX/1926, Ohaus col., 1 ex. (NHMB); 23/IX/1937, Lange de Morretes col., 1 ex. (MZSP); Santo Amaro, XII/1958, J. Lane, 2 ex.; X/1958, J. Lane, 1 ex. (IBSP); Salesópolis, Boracéia, 17/X/1960, Lenko col. 1 ex. (MZSP); Campos do Jordão, “ParPageBreakque Estadual Campos do Jordão”, 15/X/1992, Exp. MZSP col., 1 ex. (MZSP); PR: Curitiba, XI/1938, without collector, 1 ex. (IBSP); Piraquara, Manancial da serra do Mar, 25°29'46"S, 48°58'54"W, 16/XII/2006, 1000 m, Rafael and Melo cols., 1 ex. (INPA); Campo Largo/ Estr. de Cerne Km 45, 22/XI/1979, without collector, 1 ex.; Campo tenente, 10/X/1973, Buzzi col., 1 ex.; Morretes, “Marumbi”, 14/I/1967, 500 m, Laroca and Nigro cols., 1 ex.; 15-16/X/1966, 500 m, Mielke and Laroca cols., 2 ex.; 6/X/1967, 500 m, Laroca and Giacomel cols., 1 ex.; 14/II/1967, 500 m, without collector, 1 ex.; 16-17/I/1970, Laroca and Becker cols., 1 ex. (DZUP); Ponta Grossa, XI/1954, without collector, 1 ex.; X/1957, without collector, 1 ex. (DZUP); Guaratuba, Estr. Dos Castelhanos, 9/IX/2007, JA Rafael and P Grossi cols., 6 ex. (EPGC); SC: Rancho Queimado, 15-18/XI/1995, Bonaldo col., 1 ex. (MCNZ), Hansa Humboldt [Corupá], III/1954, 60 m, without collector, 1 ex. (DZUP).BRAZIL. PageBreakparameral split on third portion; total length of parameres near three times the length of their apex; inner margins straight or slightly convergent; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle projecting straight downward .BRAZIL ; red.); check.); check.); check.). Blanchard, 1851: 170 (Liogenysconcolor : Liogenysunicolorcheck.); check.) Evans, 2003: 215 (replacement name); Hilarianusconcolor syntype (MNHN): [white handwritten] “Capite/des Mines”, [light green printed] “MUSÉUM PÁRIS/ [handwritten] Caple/des/Mines”, [red printed] “SYNTYPE”, [green handwritten] “H.concolor/ Cat Mus/ Brésil/ M. A. St Hilaire”. This type is here designated the lectotype  “LECTOTYPE/Hilarianusconcolor/Blanchard, 1851/ des. M. A. Cherman 2014”.MG: Cruzeiro, EPDA-Peti, 13/X/1998, Vasconcellos col., 1 ex. (CEMT); MT: 1948, Kolug and Carvalho, 1 ex. (MNRJ); without locality, date and collector, 1 ex. (ZMHB).BRAZIL. Body reddish brown; elongate, slightly wider on the posterior third; elytra uniform reddish brown as the pronotum; frons swollen, longer than clypeus; clypeus weakly emarginate; outer sides of anterior teeth follow the lateral margin of clypeus; canthus exceeding the outer margin of the eye; sensorial area not forming a fovea; pronotal maximum length equal to tarsomeres I, II and III together; anterior margin of pronotum apparently concave, pronotal anterior corners bent frontwards; basal apophysis of metacoxa not produced; inner margin of metatibia not carinated; in males pro- and mesotarsomeres I to IV weakly enlarged; pygidium convex, glabrous; parameres narrowed at the transverse midline and subapically; divergent; apex truncated and strongly curved downwards Fig. .Head: distance between eyes nearly three times wider than one eye; frons somewhat swollen, longer than clypeus; clypeal emargination weak, sub-angled, shallow and narrow; outer sides of anterior teeth follow the lateral margin of clypeus; lateral margin straight; canthus exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width less than twice width of apex; sensorial area not reaching the transverse midline of the palpomere and not forming a fovea; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color than flagellum and equal in PageBreaklength. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum slightly produced medially; maximum length of pronotum equal to tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures very sparse; pronotal anterior corners bent frontwards; pronotal posterior corners rounded; pronotal convexity on lateral margins weak; proepisternum with short bristles; mesepisternum scaly; sides of metasternum with sparse long and short bristles; distance between meso- and metacoxae up to twice longer than the metacoxa; scutellum ogival, punctured only at the base. Elytra: shiny, glabrous, uniform reddish brown; elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture and elytron unicolored, distinctly elevated; four elytral ridges barely noticeable, the outer one slightly more noticeable than the others. Legs: procoxa, sparse scales on infra-carinal and outer surface; punctures visible at 12× magnification; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size, the three teeth equally spaced; protibial inner apical spur present; mesofemural disc smooth, with a row of short bristles on the anterior and posterior margins; mesotibia cylindrical in cross section; disc finely sculptured; two mesotibial transverse carinae, the apical one complete; basal apophysis of metacoxa not produced; inner margin of metatibia not carinated or produced on apex; inner surface setose; metatibial disc coarsely sculptured; a complete metatibial transverse carina present posteriorly; metatibial apical spurs of different lengths, the longest equal in length to the diameter of the tibial apex; pro- and mesotarsomeres I to IV weakly enlarged, protarsomeres as wide as the mesotarsomeres, slightly wider than the metatarsi; basal metatarsomere up to one-half the length of tarsomere II and wider; claw bifid, symmetrical, superior tooth longer and as wide as the inferior; distance between teeth longer than the inferior tooth. Abdomen: Ventrites bristled on disc and scaly on sides; propygidium slightly visible, pygidium convex, sub-trapezoidal, wide; pygidial width not exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium; pygidial disc glabrous; pygidial apex rounded. Parameres: width of basal region equal to the parameres together at its maximum width, parameral split at the third portion almost the midline, narrowed at this point and also subapically; inner margins of parameres divergent; apex truncated .BRAZIL  bearing the label [red printed] “PARATYPE”: Male paratype with the same data of the holotype [white printed] “DZUP/401711” (DZUP). Female paratype with the following data: [white printed] “CONCEIÇÃO ARAGUAIA/Pará Brasil VII-1959/M. Alvarenga”, [white printed] “DZUP/401712” (DZUP). Male and female paratypes with the following data: [white printed] “COLEÇÃO/CAMPOS SEABRA”,  “Mangabeira [Manjeiro]/MOCAJUBA PARA/BRASIL VII-1953/Orlando Rego” (MNRJ). One male and two female paratypes with the following data: [white printed] “COLEÇÃO/CAMPOS SEABRA”,  “Mangabeira [Manjeiro]/MOCAJUBA PARA/BRASIL VIII-1953/O. Rego” (MNRJ). Male paratype with the following data: [White printed] “COLEÇÃO/CAMPOS SEABRA”,  “Mangabeira [Manjeiro]/MOCAJUBA PARA/BRASIL X-1953/O. Rego” (MNRJ). Female paratype with the following data: [white printed] “Cachimbo, Estado do Pará/Alt. 400 m., 14/21 - IX - 955/ L. Travassos and S. OliveiPageBreakra col.” (CMNC). Male paratype with the following data: [white printed] “BRASIL: (MA), Mirador/Parque Est. Mirador/Base da Geraldina”, [White printed]“Armadilha Luminosa/21 - 25.viii.2006, F./Limeira-de-Oliveira”, [White printed]“154”, [White printed]“CZMT-CEMT/0000018031” (CEMT). Female paratype with the following data: [White printed] Distrito Federal/Planaltina. Embrapa Cerrados./Cerrado Nativo 15°36'16"S 47°44'16"W. 07-X-2005. light./C. Oliveira”, [White printed]“CZMT-CEMT/0000018030” (CEMT).Holotype male, pinned, with genitalia mounted. Original labels: [white printed] “Coleção/ M. Alvarenga”,  “Mangabeira [Manjeiro]/MOCAJUBA PARA/BRASIL VII-1953/Orlando Rego”, , August 1953, Orlando Rego Col..BRAZIL, Pará: Mocajuba, Mangabeira [Manjeiro]  “PARATYPE” (MNRJ). Holotype and paratype deposited at MNRJ, Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.Holotype female, pinned. Original label:  “[handwritten] PIRAPORA/[printed]Minas Gerais BRASIL/[handwritten]1954”, , 1954.BRAZIL, Minas Gerais: Pirapora  “PARATYPE”. Holotype and four paratypes deposited at MNRJ, Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.Holotype male, pinned, with genitalia mounted. Original labels:  “TERESINA/PIAUI BRASIL/[handwritten]1. 1953/[printed]A. K. OLIVEIRA”, , Jan 1953, A. K. Oliveira Col.BRAZIL, Piauí: Teresina  “HOLOTYPE” (MZSP). Holotype deposited at MZSP, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.Holotype male, pinned, with genitalia mounted. Original labels: [white printed] “BRASIL: PageBreakgenitalia, total length of parameres near five times the length of their apex; strongly narrowed medially; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle projecting straight downward  + collum . The species name is due to the rounded appearance of the posterior margin of the pronotum, due to the posterior corners obsolete.Adjective in the nominative singular. New Latin; from 42°56'39"W; 8°06'36"S], 18-22 Nov 1991, Amarante Brandão Cancello & Ponte Coll.BRAZIL, Piauí: Canto do Buriti [PI).BRAZIL . Paratypes (8) bearing the label [red printed] “PARATYPE”: Female paratype labeled: [green printed] “CHACO DE SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO/LA PALISA/BORDS DU RIO SALADO/25 KIL. N. O. D’ICAÑO/E. R. WAGNER 1903”. Female paratype labeled. [green printed] “MUSEUM PARIS/CHACO DE SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO/ BORDS DU RIO SALADO/ENV. D’ICAÑO/E. R. WAGNER 1904”. Female paratype labeled. [green printed] “MUSEUM PARIS/CHACO DE SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO/LA PALISA DEL BRACHO/25 KIL. N. N. O. D’ICAÑO/LAGUNA MAMAITA/E. R. WAGNER 1904”. Female paratype labeled. [green printed] “MUSEUM PARIS/PROV. DE SANTIAGO/DEL ESTERO/BORDS DU RIO SALADO/ENV. D’ICAÑO. MISTOL PASO/E. R. WAGNER 1909” (MNHN). Two males and one female paratype labeled: [white printed] “S. del Estero/ Col. Wagner”. Males with genitalia mounted (MLPA). Male paratype labeled: [white handwritten] “Salta/ C. Olleros/ II.958. P. Dor”, “[esferic orange label]”, [pink printed] “Property/USNM”, [white printed] “Liogenys/ [handwritten] parvus Bl/[printed] det. G. Frey, 1968”, [yellow printed] “Museum Frey/Tutzing” Genitalia mounted (NHMB). Holotype and four paratypes deposited at MNHN, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Male paratype deposited at NHMB, Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel. Three paratypes deposited at MLPA, Museo de La Plata, La Plata.Holotype male, pinned, with genitalia mounted. Original labels: [white printed] “5”, [White handwritten] “Body light brown; elongate; elytra yellowish, pronotum reddish; clypeus quadridentate due to the tooth-like projection of the lateral margin; clypeal emargination deep, rounded and narrow; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; clypeus bristled anteriorly; canthus exceeding the outer margin of the eye; pronotal anterior margin strongly depressed throughout; pronotal posterior corners rounded; pronotum and scutellum with inconspicuous bristles (50× magnification); mesotibia cylindrical in cross section; metacoxa scaly and smooth; male metafemur slightly produced medially on posterior margin; pygidium flat, sub-trapezoidal; pygidial disc bristled throughout, with both short and long erect bristles, punctured only on the sides; parameres, basal region very short; parameres narrowed subapically, apex spatula-like, slightly curved outwards, up to the level of the parameral basal margin Fig. .Male. Length: 9.4 mm; width: 4.7 mm. Yellowish. Head: distance between eyes slightly more than twice the width of one eye; frons equal in length to clypeus; clypeus bristled anteriorly, emargination deep, rounded and narrow; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; outer margin of anterior teeth as long as the eye; clypeal lateral margin convex and strongly produced forming a tooth-like projection; distance between lateral and anterior tooth longer than the basal width of anterior tooth, distance between lateral tooth and anterior margin of eye as long as one eye, right angle between anterior and lateral teeth; canthus exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width twice width of apex; fovea deep extending up to the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color and longer than the flagellum. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum straight and strongly depressed throughout . Length: 10.4 mm; width: 5.2 mm. As the holotype except in the metafemur not medially produced on posterior margin; metacoxa longer and pygidium narrower. Variation. Female paratypes as the former. Male paratypes (NHMB and MLPA) length: 9.4 mm; width: 4.7 mm. As the holotype.Liogenys in his taxonomic revision.This species is dedicated to Georg Frey, as a reward for his enormous contribution to the knowledge of SE] , E. R. Wagner, 1910.ARGENTINA, Santiago del Estero: Bords du Rio Salado, Env. [environs] D’Icaño, Chaco de Santiago del Estero  “H. and A. HOWDEN/COLLECTION/ex. A. Martinez coll.”, [red printed] “HOLOTYPE” (CMNC). Paratype (2) bearing the labels: [red printed] “PARATYPE”. Female paratype labeled: [white handwritten] “Me 27 (Ma)/Liogenys sp./Rio Verde, M. Grosso/10.64”, [White handwritten]“R. VERDE/MT-BRASIL/X-1964/A. MALLER”, [white printed]“DPT° ZOOL/UF-PARANÁ”, [white printed]“DZUP/401713”. Male Paratype bearing the labels: [white printed] “BRASIL: Distrito Federal/Planaltina. Embrapa Cerrados./Cerrado Nativo 15°36'16"S/ 47°44'16"W. 03-XI-2006. light./C. Oliveira”, [white printed] “CZMT-CEMT/0000018056”(CEMT). Holotype deposited at CMNC, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa. Female paratype deposited in DZUP, Coleção Entomologica Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba. Male paratype deposited in CEMT, Setor de Entomologia da Coleção Zoológica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá.Holotype male, pinned, genitalia mounted. Original labels: [white handwritten]“Me 27 (Det.)/Rio Verde, M. Grosso/10.64 [verse] Body brownish, elytra testaceous, pronotum darker; sides parallel; clypeal emargination sub-angled, deep and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; meso- and metatibia quadrate in cross section. In males, pygidial disc scaly throughout, erect-scaled; pygidial apex rounded; parameres deeply grooved across the basal region, inner margins forming an elevated flange, apex widened and rounded Fig. .Male. Length: 10.7 mm; width 5.1 mm. Head: distance between eyes twice the width of one eye; frons shorter than clypeus; clypeal emargination deep, sub-angled and wide, outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; outer margin of anterior teeth equal to the eye; lateral margin slightly convex; canthus not exceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width equal to width of apex; fovea deep, extending past the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae longer than flagellum. Thorax: maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures coarse and sparse; pronotal posterior corners sharp, PageBreakright-angled; proepisternum with long bristles, pro- and mesepisternum scaly, as are the sides of metasternum, also with few long bristles on the anterior margin; distance between meso- and metacoxae up to twice the length of the metacoxa; scutellum ogival, coarsely punctured except on the center. Elytra: shiny, glabrous, uniformly testaceous, pruinose on the posterior margin, lighter in color than the pronotum; elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture slightly darker than elytron and weakly elevated; three pairs of elytral ridges barely noticeable, except of the outer one, distinctly elevated. Legs: procoxa bristled on infra-carinal and outer surface; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size, the three teeth equally spaced; protibial inner apical spur present; mesofemural disc glabrous, with a row of long bristles on the anterior and posterior margins; mesotibia quadrate in cross section; disc finely sculptured; basal apophysis of metacoxa produced beyond the outer margin of trochanter; inner margin of metatibia carinated towards apex, apical inner surface setose; metatibial disc finely sculptured; metatibial short transverse carina present posteriorly; metatibial apical spurs equal in length, slightly shorter than the diameter of the tibial apex; protarsomere II long; pro- and mesotarsomeres I to IV enlarged, protarsomeres slightly wider than the mesotarsomeres and more than twice wider than metatarsi; basal metatarsomere slightly wider and shorter than tarsomere II; claws bifid, symmetrical; superior tooth longer and narrower than inferior tooth, distance between teeth shorter than the inferior tooth. Abdomen: band of scales visible at the lowest magnification beneath the outer margin of elytra; ventrites bristled abundantly on disc and sides; propygidium bristled; pygidium flat, wide; pygidial width exceeding distance PageBreakbetween spiracles of propygidium, pygidial disc with yellow erect scales throughout and deep umbilical coarse punctures; pygidial apex rounded. Parameres: basal region broadly grooved across the midline; basal region wider than parameres together at its maximum width, parameral split at 2/3; apex widened, edges rounded, inner margins convergent with a flange elevated, mainly in the basal region . The species name is due to the morphological similarity with 18°55'33.2"S, 54°50'43.6"W], Oct 1964.BRAZIL, Mato Grosso do Sul: Rio Verde de Mato Grosso  “PARATYPE”: Female paratype labeled: [white printed] “BRASIL, BA, Encruzilhada/15°34'35"S 40° 56'51"W/ 15.xii.2012, J.A.Rafael and/ E.J.Grossi, Arm. Luz, 850m” (INPA). Female paratype labeled. [White printed] “BRASIL. MG. Aguas/ Vermelhas. Faz. Faccino/ 12.XII. 2012. Luz/ P. C. Grossi Coll” (CERPE). Three female paratypes labeled: [white printed]“BRASIL: Bahia, Encruzilhada,/ Divisa, [long space] XI.1975”. (MNRJ). Holotype and one paratype deposited at CERPE, Coleção Entomologica da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife. Female paratype deposited at INPA, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa Amazônica, Manaus; and three female paratypes at MNRJ, Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.Holotype male, pinned, with genitalia mounted. Original labels: [white printed] “BRASIL. red, sparsely punctured; clypeal emargination sharp and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth parallel; clypeal lateral margin convex, with a sub-angled tooth-like projection, right angle between outer side of anterior teeth and clypeal lateral projection; mesotibia quadrate in cross section; inner margin of male metatibia medially produced; ventrites III to V strongly produced medially .BRAZIL . Female Paratype (1) bearing the labels: [red printed] “PARATYPE”, [green printed] “Brasilien/Prov. S. Paulo/ Campinas/ Alwine Braatz V.” (ZMHB). Holotype deposited at NHMB, Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel. Female paratype deposited at ZMHB, Museum für Naturkunde der Leibniz Gemeinschaft Institut, Berlin.Holotype male, pinned, with genitalia mounted. Original labels:  “Morro da Garça/PageBreakred, sparsely punctured; clypeal emargination sharp and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel, slightly divergent; clypeal lateral margin with a rounded tooth-like projection, acute angle between outer side of anterior teeth and clypeal lateral projection; canthus exceeding the outer margin of the eye; mesotibia quadrate in cross section; male metafemur medially produced on posterior margin; male metatibia slightly bent outwards, with inner margin medially produced towards apex; male ventrites IV and V strongly produced medially, the former is spine-like apically; pygidium flat, as wide as it is long, bristled throughout; male genitalia with basal region narrower than the parameres together at its maximum width, parameres strongly narrowed subapically  + ventris genitive from venter (abdomen). Species named in reference to the ventral feature alike with L.spiniventris. These species share the ventrites IV and V medially furnished with projections.Adjective in the nominative singular. Prefix from Ancient Greek ψευδής ; compound noun from Latin 44°36'09"W, 18°32'49"S], 18–20 Oct 1964.BRAZIL, Minas Gerais: Morro da Garça  “PARATYPE”: PageBreakFemale paratype labeled: [white printed] “Macaé de Cima/Nova Friburgo/ RJ - BRASIL/ I-2006/ Leg. B. Miller”, [white printed] “CZMT-CEMT/0000018011”. Female paratype labeled: [white printed] “Macaé de Cima/Nova Friburgo/ RJ - BRASIL/ I-2006/ Leg. B. Miller”, [white printed] “CZMT-CEMT/0000018013” (CEMT). Two male and two female paratypes labeled: [white printed]“BRASIL. RJ. N. Friburgo/Macaé de Cima/XI. 2005” “1400m./-22.3752S; -42.4957W/P. C. Grossi Coll.” (CERPE). Holotype and two paratypes deposited at CEMT, Setor de Entomologia da Coleção Zoológica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá. Four paratypes deposited at CERPE, Coleção Entomologica da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife.Holotype male, pinned, wih genitalia mounted. Original labels: [white printed]“Coleção/A.M.BELLO”, [white printed] “Nova Friburgo/MG: Mar de Espanha, 6/II/1910, J. F. Zikan col., 1 ex. (CEIOC); Virgínia, Faz. Dos Campos, 1500m, without date, J. F. Zikan col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); Passa Quatro: Faz dos Campos, 12/XI/1917, J. F. Zikan col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); without date, J. F. Zikan col., 1 ex. (CEIOC); ES: Itaguaçú, 14/V/1964, C. Elias col., 1 ex. (DZUP); Santa Teresa, 6/XI/1966, C.T. and C. Elias col., 1 ex. (DZUP); Alegre. Faz. Jerusalém, 24/IX/1914, J. F. Zikan col., 1 ex. (CEIOC); RJ: Rio de Janeiro, 1844, M de Castelnau col., 1 ex. (MNHN); Nova Friburgo, without date and collector, HüsPageBreaking Halle leg., PARATYPE Liogenyspalmata Burm, 1855 G.Frey 1967/68 det., 1 ex. (MLUH); Copacabana: XI/1996, A. Bello col., 1 ex.; XI/2009, A. Bello col., 1 ex.; XI/2009, A. Bello col., 1 ex. (CEMT); Visconde de Mauá, XII/1991, A. Bello col., 2 ex. (CEMT); SP: Pindamonhangaba, Eugênio Lefevre, , 29/IX/1963, alt. 1161.7 m, Exp.Dep. Zool. col., Liogenyspalmata Burm, 1855 G. Frey 1967/69 det., 2 ex. (MZSP); Eugênio Lefevre trav., alt. 1161.7 m, without date, Lopes et Oiticica col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); São Miguel Arcanjo. Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, 24°04'01"S, 47°59'40"W, 25/XI/2011, 762 m, E. Bovy col., tapir faeces, 1 ex. (CEMT); PR: Castro, 21/XII/1955, Laroca col., 1 ex. (DZUP); Arapoti, X/1937, A. Maller col. 2 ex. (MNRJ); Guarapuava, I/1960 Schneider col., 1 ex. (MNRJ); without locality, without date, Metzler leg., 1 ex.; Hilarianusanguliceps Moser det., Metzler PageBreakleg., 1 ex. (SDEI); without date, Exp.Dep. Zool. col., Hüsing Halle leg., PARATYPE Liogenyspalmata Burm, 1855 G.Frey 1967/68 det., 1 ex. (MHLU); without date and collector, Liogenystestaceipennis Moser Frey 1968 det., 1 ex. (NMHB); 5/XI/1920, J. F. Zikan col., 1 ex.; 14/XI/1919, J. F. Zikan col., 1 ex. (CEIOC).BRAZIL. Body brownish; elongate; elytra testaceous to brownish, pronotum reddish or dark brown; clypeal emargination rounded, shallow and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel; canthus exceeding the outer margin of the eye; male mesotibia quadrate in cross section; male metafemur strongly produced medially on posterior margin; metatibia slightly bent outwards; inner margin of male metatibia medially produced towards apex; claw bifid, symmetrical, superior tooth as long as and narrower than the inferior; male ventrites I, II and III sulcated medially, IV slightly elevated; pygidium convex or flat, as wide as it is long, pygidial disc bristled only on apex; male genitalia, width of basal region equal to the parameres together at its transverse midline; total length of parameres more than five times the length of their apex; inner margins convergent; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle curved projecting perpendicularly to parameres Fig. .Male. Length: 14.7 mm; width: 7.2 mm. Brownish. Head: distance between eyes nearly twice the width of one eye; frons equal in length to clypeus, finely and densely punctured; clypeal emargination rounded, shallow and wide; outer sides of anterior teeth sub-parallel, slightly convergent; outer margin of anterior tooth more than three times shorter than the eye; clypeal lateral margin slightly convex; canthus PageBreakexceeding the outer margin of the eye; distal maxillary palpomere, maximum width nearly the width of apex; fovea shallow, extending up to the transverse midline of the palpomere; labium transversely carinated, as wide as it is long; antenna 10-articulated, lamellae lighter in color and longer than flagellum. Thorax: anterior margin of pronotum slightly produced medially; maximum length of pronotum exceeding the length of tarsomeres I, II and III together; disc glabrous, punctures fine and sparse; pronotal posterior corners sharp, almost right-angled; proepisternum with short bristles; mesepisternum scaly; sides of metasternum bristled, a few long ones on the anterior margin; distance between meso- and metacoxae up to twice longer than the metacoxa; scutellum ogival, finely punctured along the margins. Elytra: shiny, glabrous, uniform light brown to testaceous, pronotum dark brown; elytra more than three times longer than the pronotum; elytral suture slightly darker than elytron and distinctly elevated; two pairs of inner ridges more noticeable than the two outer pairs. Legs: procoxa scaly on infra-carinal and outer surface; punctures visible at 12× magnification; three protibial teeth, middle and apical equal in size, the three teeth equally spaced; protibial inner apical spur present; mesofemural disc setose, scarcely bristled; mesotibia quadrate in cross section; disc coarsely sculptured, mesotibial apical carina incomplete; basal apophysis of metacoxa produced beyond the outer margin of trochanter; metafemur strongly produced medially on posterior margin; inner margin of metatibia carinated and medially produced towards apex, apical inner surface setose; metatibial disc finely PageBreaksculptured; two metatibial transverse carina present posteriorly and posterior discontinuous longitudinal carina; metatibial apical spurs of different lengths, the longest shorter than the diameter of the tibial apex; protarsomere II long; pro- and mesotarsomeres I to IV enlarged, protarsomeres two-fold wider than the mesotarsomeres and more than twice than the metatarsi; basal metatarsomere and tarsomere II equal in size; claw bifid, symmetrical, superior tooth as long as and narrower than the inferior; distance between teeth shorter than the inferior tooth. Abdomen: ventrites bristled on disc; ventrites I, II and III sulcated medially, IV slightly elevated; propygidium visible, bearing few short bristles; pygidium convex, sub-quadrate, as wide as it is long; pygidial width not exceeding distance between spiracles of propygidium, pygidial disc bristled only on apex; pygidial apex quadrate. Parameres: width of basal region equal to the parameres together at its midline, parameral split at 2/3; total length of parameres more than five times the length of their apex; inner margins convergent; apex harpoon-like with lateral angle curved projecting perpendicularly to parameres  + ventris genitive from venter (“abdomen”). The species is named in reference to the shape of the male ventrites sulcate mediallyAdjective in the nominative singular. From Latin 42°29'45"W; 22°22'31"S], Dec 2002, E. Grossi Coll..BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo . New geographical records are registered for the following nineteen species: L.acutidens (Brazil: MG); L.bidentata ; L.bidenticeps ; L.bilobata ; L.concolor (Argentina); L.corumbana (Brazil: MT); L.diodon ; L.elegans , L.fusca ; L.moseri (Brazil: MT); L.pallidicornis ; L.parva (Brazil: MG); L.punctaticollis ; L.sinuaticeps (Brazil: SP); L.santaecrucis (Bolivia: LP); L.suturalis ; L.tarsalis (Argentina); L.tibialis ; L.unicolor (Brazil: MT).