AbstractLithobius (Ezembius) ostiacorum Stuxberg, 1876, L.vagabundus Stuxberg, 1876, and L. (Monotarsobius) nordenskioeldii Stuxberg, 1876, while L. (E.) proximus Sseliwanoff, 1880 and L. (M.) insolens Dányi & Tuf, 2012 are recorded for the first time from the Altai Province of Russia. A species of Strigamia which is morphologically similar to Strigamiacf.transsilvanica  has been found in the study area but its true specific identity is yet to be determined. The seasonal dynamics of myriapod assemblages in terms of the species diversity, density, sex-age structure, and vertical distribution along the soil profile have been studied with regard to the different slope exposures.The total species richness in the myriapod assemblages of the lowland Altais near Charyshskoe Village, Altai Province, southwestern Siberia, Russia is estimated to be at least 19 species from ten genera, eight families, five orders, and two classes. The following species are new to SW Siberia:  Despite the recent increased interest in the myriapod fauna of southwestern Siberia , the bioThe present study is based on fresh samples collected in the lowlands of the Charysh District, Altai Province, SW Siberia. The area has a continental climate, with cold and snowy winters, and hot and dry summers: mid-temperature in January is –17°C and in July +18.5°C; annual amount of precipitation is about 600 mm. Material from the environs of the Altai State University Student Field Station, titled “Goluboi Utios” (= “Blue Rock” in English), situated ca. 4.5 km SE of Charyshskoye Village , Tartarian honeysuckle (Loniceratatarica) and germander meadowsweet (Spiraeachamaedryfolia) located on the southern slope  and site 2 on S slope ;(1) rocky xeromorphic steppe with bushes of Siberian peashrub , Scots pine (Pinussylvestris), germander meadowsweet (S.chamaedryfolia) and Korean elephant-ear, or badan (Bergeniacrassifolia) on the northern slope  and site 2 on N slope .(2) rocky forested sites with silver birch , through mid-summer (12–13 July) to late summer (22–23 August). Also we collected additional faunistic material in nearby localities by hand sampling in the summers of 2015–2017. The total number of studied millipedes and centipedes was 684 and 666 specimens, respectively.The material was collected using the standard soil fauna sampling techniques practiced in Russia  by takinRDA) using environmental variables, i.e. exposure (south/north), month, depth of soil sample and sample ID. The significance of models was evaluated using Monte Carlo tests with 499 permutations. For the PageBreakPageBreakevaluation of significance and effect of tested environmental variables forward selection was applied. The effect of selected significant environmental variables  for predicting the distribution of individual species was tested using Generalized linear models (GLM) with evaluation of AIC.The distribution of recorded species in soil samples was analyzed using CANOCO for Windows 4.5 . FollowiAltai State University, Barnaul, Russia, Barnaul, Russia (ASU), and shared also with the collection of the Perm State University, Perm, Russia (PSU) and Zoological Museum of the Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia (ZMMU), as indicated in the text. The species names documented in the literature references include those from southwestern Siberia (Asian Russia) only.The material treated here was collected by A.M. Alenov (A.A.), E.V. Andreeva (E.A.), Kh.Kh. Nedoev (Kh.N.), P.S. Nefediev (P.N.), S.T. Niyazov (S.N.), V.Yu. Slatina (V.S.), and T.A. Zakirov (T.Z.) . These samples have been deposited mainly in the collection of the Taxon classificationAnimaliaJulidaJulidaeMikhaljova, Nefediev, Nefedieva & Dyachkov, 2015Julidae gen. sp. – Julidae –  undescribed species of Leptoiulustigirek Mikhaljova, Nefediev, Nefedieva & Dyachkov 2015: 268, 269–273: figs.Leptoiulustigirek – Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., pitfall traps, 12–14.07.2016, leg. P.N.; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♂ (ZMUM), 1 ♂, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, hand sampling, 13.07.2016, all leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.08.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♀ (ZMUM), 5 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.06.2017, leg. P.N., Kh.N., A.A., E.A.. 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (litter), 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♀ (ASU), Being an Altai endemic, the species has been recorded only in the Altai Province in southwestern Siberia .L.tigirek has been collected outside its terra typica for the first time. The above records on the northern slope show the species preference for more humid habitats.The julid Taxon classificationAnimaliaJulidaJulidaeMegaphyllumsjaelandicum  – Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., 14.07.2015, all leg. P.N.; 3 juv. (ASU), foot of S slope of mountain, Padusavium and Populustremula stand near brook, hand sampling, 31.05.2016; 12 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 5 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 5 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), S slope between site 1 and site 2, broad gully with Padusavium, hand sampling, 1.06.2016; 43 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, hand sampling, 1.06.2016; 9 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 11 juv. PageBreak(ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 4 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 3 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 4 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, hand sampling, 1.06.2016; 3 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 3 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, hand sampling, 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♀ (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., 12.07.2016, leg. P.N.; 1 ♂, 6 juv., 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 2 juv., 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 3 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♀, 3 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 3 ♀♀, 8 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 11 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, hand sampling, 12.07.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♂, 1 fragm. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (litter), 13.07.2016; 1 ♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (litter), 13.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016, all leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 2 ♀♀, 3 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 4 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 3 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 5 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 2 ♀♀ (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 juv., 1 fragm. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.08.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♀, 1 fragm. (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., hand sampling, 20.06.2017; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, hand sampling, 24.06.2017, all leg. P.N.. 16 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, 13.07.2015; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ZMUM), PageBreakGermany, Poland, Belarus) through European Russia and the Urals to East Kazakhstan and SW Siberia .European–Western Siberian temperate range: this species appears to be widespread from northern and central Europe , site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 2 ♀♀, 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 1 ♀, 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (10–20 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (10–20 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 3 ♀♀, 2 juv., 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 6 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, 3 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, hand sampling, 1.06.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 3 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, hand sampling, 1.06.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv., 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, 4 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (litter), 2.06.2016; 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 3 juv., 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 2 ♀♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 4 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 ♀, 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 4 PageBreak(10–20 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (litter), 2.06.2016; 2 ♀♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂, 12 ♀♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 2.06.2016; 1 ♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 8 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 22.06.2016, leg. Kh.N.; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♀, 3 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 4 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 3 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 2 ♂♂ (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 3 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 2 ♂♂, 6 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 13.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 13.06.2016; 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 13.06.2016; 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 13.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 13.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 13.06.2016; 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 13.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 13.06.2016, all leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 3 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 2 ♂♂ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (10–20 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (10–20 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 2 ♀♀, 1 juv., 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 2 ♀♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.08.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ZMUM), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.06.2017, leg. P.N., Kh.N., A.A., E.A.; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, hand sampling, 24.06.2017, leg. P.N.. 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, 13.07.2015; 3 ♀♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, 13.07.2015, all leg. P.N.; 1 ♂ (ASU), foot of S slope of mountain, S.latisupremus has previously been recorded in a few localities in SE part of the Altai Province and NW part of the Republic of Altai Isobatessibiricus Gulička, 1963: 522: figs.Isobatessibiricus – Isobates (Orinisobates) sibiricus – Orinisobatessibiricus – . 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, 13.07.2015, leg. P.N.; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (litter), 2.06.2016; 3 ♂♂, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 6 ♀♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 2 ♀♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 22.06.2016, leg. Kh.N.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 4 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv., 1 fragm. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZMUM), 2 ♂♂, 3 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016, all leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016, leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.O.sibiricus is very widespread in southern Siberia, Russia as far as the Zabaikalskii Province, Republic of Tyva, southern part of the Krasnoyarsk Province, Republic of Khakassia, Republic of Altai, Altai Province and Kemerovo Area; also known from Eastern Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.Being a Central Palaearctic species, This species shows no significant difference in its abundance between two studied slope exposures.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaChordeumatidaDiplomaragnidaesp.Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., 14.07.2015, all leg. P.N.; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 4 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 22.06.2016, leg. Kh.N.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016, all leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (litter), 22.07.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 4 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.06.2017, leg. P.N., Kh.N., A.A., E.A.. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, 13.07.2015; 2 juv. (ASU), This species is currently known only from the study area.Altajosoma sp. are most similar to Altajosomabakurovibakurovi  in some details of gonopod structure, i.e. in the shape of colpocoxites of the posterior gonopods and in particular in their distal parts, but the colpocoxites are a little bit narrower in the newly found species compared to A.bakurovibakurovi. These specimens also differ significantly in the shape of the large posterior angiocoxal processes.The above recorded specimens of Taxon classificationAnimaliaPolydesmidaPolydesmidaePolydesmusclavatipes – SchizoturaniusclavatipesPageBreak – Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., 14.07.2015, leg. P.N.; 4 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 2 ♀♀, 9 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 2 juv. (ASU), foot of S slope of mountain, Padusavium and Populustremula stand near brook, hand sampling, 1.06.2016; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 3 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 13.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), near Komendantka Village, hand sampling, 14.07.2016, all leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (10–20 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZMUM), 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (litter), 23.08.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.. 2 juv. (ASU), S.clavatipes appears to be very widespread in southwestern Siberia, Russia, inhabiting Tomsk, Novosibirsk, and Kemerovo areas, Altai Province, Republic of Altai, Republic of Khakassia, and also along the Yenisei River in the Krasnoyarsk Province, central Siberia, Russia.Being a Western-Central Siberian species, S.clavatipes prefers the southern slope, in spite of its highly ecological valence.The results of this study suggest that Taxon classificationAnimaliaLithobiomorphaLithobiidaeStuxberg, 1876Lithobius (Ezembius) ostiacorum – Padusavium and Populustremula stand near brook, hand sampling, 31.05.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♂, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (10–20 cm deep), 13.07.2016, all leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♂ (PSU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., hand sampling, 20.06.2017, leg. P.N.. 1 ♀ (ZMUM), foot of S slope of mountain, Southern Siberian boreal range with isolated Yenisei population: this species has previously been recorded in the Yenisei River area, Krasnoyarsk Province and Irkutsk Area  , also reL.ostiacorum, recently announced at the 17th International Congress of Myriapodology  proximus – Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., 14.07.2015, leg. P.N.; 4 ♂♂ (ASU), same locality, 15.07.2015, leg. P.N., T.Z.; 1 ♂ (ASU), S slope between site 1 and site 2, broad gully with Padusavium, hand sampling, 31.05.2016, leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 subadult ♂ (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., 12.07.2016; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), same locality, pitfall traps, 12–14.07.2016, all leg. P.N.; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on S PageBreakslope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016, leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (litter), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.08.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♂ (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., hand sampling, 20.06.2017, leg. P.N.. 2 ♂♂ (ASU), Eastern European-transSiberian temperate range: this species is widespread from the eastern Russian Plain  in the west through Siberia to the Russian Far East  .L.proximus is very rare and shows no significant differences in its distribution between slopes.The above find of the species, recently announced at the 17th International Congress of Myriapodology , can be Taxon classificationAnimaliaLithobiomorphaLithobiidaeGerstfeldt, 1858Lithobiussibiricus – Lithobius (Ezembius) sibiricus – Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., 14.07.2015, all leg. P.N.; 1 ♂, 1 subadult ♀, 2 juv. (ZMUM), foot of S slope of mountain, Padusavium and Populustremula stand near brook, hand sampling, 31.05.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. (PSU), site 1 on S slope, hand sampling, 31.05.2016; 2 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀ (ASU), S slope between site 1 and site 2, broad gully with Padusavium, hand sampling, 1.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (10–20 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 3 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (10–20 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 2.06.2016; 1 ♂, 1 subadult ♂, 4 ♀♀, 1 subadult ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, hand sampling, 2.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., pitfall traps, 12–14.07.2016, leg. P.N.; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♂, 3 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample PageBreak1 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep); 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, hand sampling, 13.07.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (litter), 13.07.2016; 1 ♂, 1 fragm. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), near Komendantka Village, hand sampling, 14.07.2016, all leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂, 1 juv., 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 3 ♂♂, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 5 (litter), 23.08.2016; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample, hand sampling, 23.08.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., hand sampling, 20.06.2017, leg. P.N.; 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.06.2017; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.06.2017, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., A.A., E.A.. 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, 13.07.2015; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 subadult ♀♀ (ASU), L.sibiricus is one of the most widely spread lithobiomorph centipedes in the Asian part of Russia, having been reported from southwestern Siberia , central and eastern Siberia  and the Russian Far East ; also recorded in northern Mongolia  curtipes – PageBreakleg. P.N.; 1 ♀ (ZMUM), foot of S slope, Padusavium and Populustremula stand near brook, hand sampling, 31.05.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 4 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (litter), 2.06.2016; 2 ♂♂, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 ♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., 12.07.2016, leg. P.N.; 2 ♂♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (litter), 13.07.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 2 ♂♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 2 ♂♂ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (litter), 13.07.2016; 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (litter), 13.07.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016, all leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (10–20 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (litter), 23.08.2016; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 6 ♂♂, 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., hand sampling, 20.06.2017, leg. P.N.; 1 subadult ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.06.2017, leg. P.N., Kh.N., A.A., E.A.. 1 subadult ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, 13.07.2015, L.curtipes has been reported from the Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tyumen and Tomsk areas, the Altai and Krasnoyarsk provinces and the Republic of Altai  insolens – PageBreak5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 2 juv. (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., 14.07.2015, all leg. P.N.; 10 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 3 subadult ♀♀, 1 juv. (PSU), site 1 on S slope, hand sampling, 31.05.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), S slope between site 1 and site 2, broad gully with Padusavium, hand sampling, 1.06.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 2 ♀♀ (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, (ASU), site 2 on S slope, hand sampling, 1.06.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 3 ♂♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 2.06.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (litter), 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 3 ♂♂, 1 subadult ♂ (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., 12.07.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), same locality, pitfall traps, 12–14.07.2016, all leg. P.N.; 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, 8 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♂, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (20–30 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, hand sampling, 12.07.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♂, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 13. 07.2016, all leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 6 juv., 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 4 ♀♀, 5 juv., 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 2 ♂♂, 4 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (litter), 22.08.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 5 (litter), 22.08.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (litter), 23.08.2016; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on PageBreakN slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.08.2016; 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 5 (litter), 23.08.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 subadult ♂ (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., hand sampling, 20.06.2017, leg. P.N.; 1 ♀, 1 subadult ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.06.2017, leg. P.N., Kh.N., A.A., E.A.. 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, 13.07.2015; L.insolens has very recently been found in the Omsk Area, Altai Province, and Republic of Altai  nordenskioeldii – 1 juv. (ASU), Russia, southwestern Siberia, Altai Province, Charysh District, ca. 4.5 air-km SE of Charyshskoye Village, site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016, leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.terra typica in the Krasnoyarsk Province, central Siberia, Russia. New records of L.nordenskioeldii in the Altai Province, as announced at the 17th International Congress of Myriapodology . 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 4 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂, 2 subadult ♂♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.The species identity of this new record is delayed pending an examination of additional material of specimens with similar diagnostic characters from the Republic of Altai.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaLithobiomorphaLithobiidaeStuxberg, 1876Lithobiusvagabundus – Padusavium and Populustremula stand near brook, hand sampling, 31.05.2016; 1 ♀ (PSU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016, leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (PSU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.06.2017; 1 ♂ (PSU), site 2 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.06.2017, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., A.A., E.A.. 1 ♂, 1 subadult ♂ (PSU), foot of S slope of mountain, Originally described from the Yenisei River basin, Krasnoyarsk Province, central Siberia , the speL.vagabundus, recently announced at the 17th International Congress Myriapodology . 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (10–20 cm deep), 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016, leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.06.2017, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., A.A., E.A.The identification of the above recorded specimens to the species level is impossible due to their early instars or lack of legs.Taxon classificationAnimaliaLithobiomorphaLithobiidaeFolkmanová & Dobroruka, 1960Arctogeophilus sp. –  ? Arctogeophilusmacrocephalus – PageBreaksample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (10–20 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016, leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (ZMUM), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., hand sampling, 20.06.2017, leg. P.N.. 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil A.macrocephalus has been recorded in the Kemerovo and Tomsk areas, Republic of Altai and Altai Province Strigamiapusilla – . 1 ♂, 1 juv. (ZMUM), 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.S.pusilla is found in the Urals, SW and central Siberia and N Mongolia Strigamia sp. – PageBreakBetulapendula and Populustremula stand, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., hand sampling, 14.07.2015, leg. P.N.; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016, leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.. 1 ♂ (ASU), S.transsilvanica appears to be quite widespread in continental Europe from the Alps to the Carpathians and from the Baltic states to mainland Greece. It has been doubtfully reported from Sakhalin (Russia), Japan and Taiwan , Loniceratatarica on E slope, 51°21'24.9"N, 83°37'24.4"E, 493 m a.s.l., 16.07.2015, all leg P.N.; 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (ASU), foot of S slope of mountain, Padusavium and Populustremula stand near brook, hand sampling, 31.05.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (10–20 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (litter), 2.06.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (10–20 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 2 ♂♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 2.06.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (litter), 2.06.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 5 (litter), 2.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 3 juv. (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., 12.07.2016, leg. P.N.; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm PageBreakdeep), 13.07.2016; 2 ♂♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 13.07.2016; 1 ♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016, all leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 2 ♀♀, 13 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 juv., 1 fragm. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 juv., 1 fragm. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.08.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 subadult ♂, 4 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., hand sampling, 20.06.2017, leg. P.N.. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZMUM), 5 ♀♀, 5 juv. (ASU), E.koreanus was formally recorded in the Kemerovo and Tomsk areas, Altai Province and Republic of Altai , foot of S slope of mountain, Padusavium and Populustremula stand near brook, hand sampling, 31.05.2016; 2 ♀♀, 3 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, hand sampling, 31.05.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (20–30 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 3 ♀♀ (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (10–20 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 1 ♀, 3 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 3 (20–30 cm deep), 31.05.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (20–30 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 3 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (10–20 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 ♂, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (20–30 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), S slope between site 1 and site 2, broad PageBreakgully with Padusavium, hand sampling, 1.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 fragm. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 2 (10–20 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 1.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on S slope, hand sampling, 1.06.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (10–20 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (10–20 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 4 (10–20 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 2.06.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 3 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 ♀, 3 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 2.06.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (10–20 cm deep), 2.06.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 22.06.2016, leg. Kh.N.; 1 adult specimen (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., 12.07.2016, leg. P.N.; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 5 (10–20 cm deep), 12.07.2016; 1 ♂, 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 2 ♀♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 13.07.2016; 2 ♀♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 4 (10–20 cm deep), 13.07.2016, all leg. Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 1 juv., 2 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 1 (10–20 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 2 (10–20 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 1 ♀, 2 juv., 1 fragm. (ASU), site 1 on S slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 2 on S slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 22.08.2016; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 4 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 1 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 1 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 2 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀, 1 juv., 2 fragm. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 3 (10–20 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. (ASU), site 2 on N slope, soil sample 5 (0–10 cm deep), 23.08.2016; 1 ♀ (ASU), site 2 on N slope, hand PageBreaksampling, 23.08.2016, all leg. P.N., Kh.N., S.N., V.S.; 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 3 juv. (ASU), Betulapendula and Populustremula stand on N slope, 51°21'33.8"N, 83°37'23.2"E, 518 m a.s.l., 20.06.2017, leg. P.N.; 1 ♂ (ASU), site 1 on N slope, hand sampling, 23.06.2017, leg. P.N., Kh.N., A.A., E.A.. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZMUM), 2 ♂♂, 4 juv. (ASU), E.retusidens has been known from the Kemerovo Area, Altai Province, and Republic of Altai .The myriapod fauna of the study area comprises at least 19 species from 10 genera, 8 families, 5 orders and two classes (J = 0.83). Thus, 5 diplopod species are known to occur on both slopes , whereas Leptoiulustigirek inhabits the northern slope only  ostiacorum, L. (E.) proximus, L. (E.) sibiricus, L. (Monotarsobius) curtipes, L. (M.) insolens, L.vagabundus, Arctogeophilusmacrocephalus, Escaryuskoreanus and E.retusidens. However, the similarity in species composition between the study slopes is weak (IJ = 0.69). Thus, a single species was recorded only on the southern slope (Strigamiacf.transsilvanica) while three species dwell only on the northern slope (L. (M.) nordenskioeldii, L. (M.) sp. and Strigamiapusilla) , which the currently recorded diplomaragnid is close to in the shape of colpocoxites of posterior gonopods and in their distal parts, but differs significantly in the large posterior angiocoxal processes.The julid Province , has bees Figure . The julof Altai . The curof Altai . The speL. (E.) proximus, L. (M.) insolens, L. (E.) ostiacorum, L.vagabundus and L. (M.) nordenskioeldii, are new to the Altai Province, while the three latter are also PageBreakrecorded in southwestern Siberia for the first time; the linotaeniid Strigamiacf.transsilvanica is reported from Asian Russia for the first time too.Five lithobiids, Diplopoda is very low on both slopes. The julid M.sjaelandicum predominates on the dry southern slope, ranging from 44 to 60 % of the total millipede abundance, whereas S.latisupremus tends to dominate on the more humid northern slope, ranging from 44 to 73 % of the total diplopod abundance  insolens, ranging from 34 to 72 % of the total chilopod PageBreakabundance, and E.retusidens with 45 % of the total centipede abundance in June, likewise L. (E.) sibiricus codominating there (21 % in July); the rest of the centipede species are rare or very rare on the southern slope  sibiricus, L. (M.) curtipes and L. (M.) insolens – inhabit the northern slope. The RDA model confirms this pattern of centipede distribution  insolens predominate on the southern slope, whereas several of the above mentioned species predominate on the northern one.Species diversity of e Figure . On the n Figure  explainiPageBreak48 ± 10.8 ind./m² on the southern slope, and from 9 ± 1.2 to 22 ± 13.6 ind./m² on the northern one, gradually declining from June to August in both habitat types . The numbers of centipedes on the northern slope are twice as high compared to the southern one. The seasonal dynamics of Chilopoda density ranges from 20 ± 6.8 to 27 ± 19.6 ind./m² on the southern slope, and from 31 ± 0.0 to 47 ± 11.6 ind./m² on the northern one, the highest being in June and August and the lowest in July in both habitat types , producing juveniles, which started to prevail in the middle of summer (with 76 % of the population).The age structure will be considered here, using the dominant species as an example. Thus, in the age structure of the julid L. (M.) insolens is as follows: adults predominate at the beginning of summer on both slopes, ranging from 70 to 100 % of the population, while young individuals emerge in the middle of summer in amounts equal to the total numbers of males and females, and this ratio is maintained until the late summer. The sex ratio is close to 50:50 during summer on both slopes, but on the southern slope only females exceed males twice over by the end of summer. In the -age structure of E.retusidens on the southern slope, the abundance of juveniles PageBreakis 3 times higher than in adults. On the northern slope, the ratio of adults and juveniles is equal at the beginning of summer, while in the middle and late summer adults start to prevail to become twice as abundant. For adults, the females steady prevailed, outnumbering males from 2 to 5 times throughout the season in both habitats.The age structure in the population of the lithobiid PageBreakbut the numbers are about 15 % more on the humid northern slope, with maximum penetration in depth to no more than 20 cm  curtipes are the only species significantly affected by depth of sample. The geophilomorph prefers deeper soil layers and the lithobiomorph prioritizes the surface and upper soil layers . This is not surprising, as the preference for the upper layers of soil by L. (M.) curtipes is well known , m Figure . With rem Figure . As the ll known , 2015. Tll known .1. The species richness of millipedes is found to be very low in both habitat types studied, on the northern and southern slopes, whereas the centipede species richness is assessed as twice as high. The total richness comprises at least 19 species, belonging to ten genera, eight families, five orders, and two classes.Megaphyllumsjaelandicum and Sibiriuluslatisupremus, clarify their distribution areas. Two lithobiid species, Lithobius (Ezembius) proximus and L. (Monotarsobius) insolens, are new to the Altai Province, while L. (E.) ostiacorum, L.vagabundus and L. (M.) nordenskioeldii are recorded here in southwestern Siberia for the first time. A species of StrigamiaPageBreakwhich is morphologically similar to S.transsilvanica was found in the study area. Two species from two genera, Altajosoma and Lithobius, are likely to be new to science, but their descriptions are delayed pending further information.2. The new faunistic records for two millipede species, M.sjaelandicum and L. (M.) insolens), and six species are dominant or codominant on the northern one  sibiricus, L. (M.) curtipes and L. (M.) insolens). Thus, species diversity of millipedes is very low on both slopes, while in centipedes it is low only on the southern slope.3. Two species predominate on the southern slope , juveniles start to prevail in the middle of summer ; in L. (M.) insolens the sex ratio is 50:50; adults predominate in June, while juveniles emerge in the middle of summer in amounts equal to adults; in E.retusidens females outnumber males 2–5 times during the whole season in both habitat types.5. The age structure of the dominant species is as follows: in E.retusidens, prefers deeper soil layers.6. The distribution of myriapods in the soil profile shows that millipedes and centipedes prefer the upper soil layer to 10 cm deep  with the litter more populated on the northern slope, containing from 13 to 15 % of the fauna, and the maximum penetration in depth to no more than 20 cm in millipedes and 30 cm in centipedes. The only geophilomorph centipede,


Object. Utilization of pedicle screws (PS) for spine stabilization is common in spinal surgery. With reliance on visual inspection of anatomical landmarks prior to screw placement, the free-hand technique requires a high level of surgeon skill and precision. Three-dimensional (3D), computer-assisted virtual neuronavigation improves the precision of PS placement and minimization steps. Methods. Twenty-three patients with degenerative, traumatic, or neoplastic pathologies received treatment via a novel three-step PS technique that utilizes a navigated power driver in combination with virtual screw technology. (1) Following visualization of neuroanatomy using intraoperative CT, a navigated 3-mm match stick drill bit was inserted at an anatomical entry point with a screen projection showing a virtual screw. (2) A Navigated Stryker Cordless Driver with an appropriate tap was used to access the vertebral body through a pedicle with a screen projection again showing a virtual screw. (3) A Navigated Stryker Cordless Driver with an actual screw was used with a screen projection showing the same virtual screw. One hundred and forty-four consecutive screws were inserted using this three-step, navigated driver, virtual screw technique. Results. Only 1 screw needed intraoperative revision after insertion using the three-step, navigated driver, virtual PS technique. This amounts to a 0.69% revision rate. One hundred percent of patients had intraoperative CT reconstructed images taken to confirm hardware placement. Conclusions. Pedicle screw placement utilizing the Stryker-Ziehm neuronavigation virtual screw technology with a three step, navigated power drill technique is safe and effective. The development of minimally invasive techniques that replace traditional open spine surgeries has decreased the incidence of complications, approach-related morbidity and mortality, bleeding, infection, postoperative pain, and hospital stay ,2. One oDespite the shortcomings, image-guided PS placement has increased in popularity recently among spine surgeons due to the decrease in breach rate and improvements in PS placement accuracy . From anThe authors of this paper demonstrate a three-step virtual PS technique for thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal levels that minimizes misplacement rates and complications.Patients were evaluated and treated at a single institution by the senior author. Pathology which the senior author felt needed instrumentation for adequate treatment included degenerative, traumatic, and neoplastic cases. A database was generated and outcomes analyzed according to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliance. Each selected patient had at least three months of outcome data for analysis at the time of manuscript preparation.All procedures were done on a Jackson table with Stryker NAV3i Surgical Navigation Platform  linked to the Ziehm Vision RFD 3D . If upper thoracic screws were planned, the Mayfield head clamp was used and attached to the Jackson table with Mayfield tower system. The highest instrumented level was thoracic level 1 (T1). The Stryker electric drill and Stryker Instruments Cordless Driver 3 are registered according to Stryker protocol so that they may be navigated during the case. This assembly can be seen on Once an adequate exposure was achieved, a spinous process clamp was securely attached to the most caudal level. The Ziehm Vision RFD 3D was brought into the field after protecting the sterile field with a 360 degree sterile drape that cocooned the patient, bed, and instruments. AP and lateral X-rays are taken to make sure the levels to be instrumented are adequately visualized. An intraoperative CT is then done and images sent to the Stryker NAV3i Surgical Navigation workstation. Confirmation of correct operative levels and adequate image quality is done on the workstation. The workstation also allows for the measurement of an appropriate pedicle screw. Once the workstation is ready for navigation, the navigated Stryker electric drill is tested for accuracy on the exposed boney anatomy. Traditional pedicle screw entry points at the junction of the transverse process and lateral facet near the mammillary process were used to verify neuronavigation and confirm visualization of exposed anatomy. If any deviation is seen, the navigated Stryker electric drill is re-registered, and, if needed, another intraoperative CT may be performed.Once accuracy is verified, the navigated Stryker electric drill with 3-mm matchstick drill bit is used to make an entry hole into the proximal 1/2 of the pedicle at the appropriate angles given by the navigation system. The Stryker navigation system is calibrated such that the matchstick drill bit projects onto the navigation screen at the desired screw diameter and length see . The appFinally, the appropriate screw is placed onto the navigated Stryker Instruments Cordless Driver 3 and tested for accuracy as before. If there is not a perfect match on the navigation screen and previously drilled hole, the system is once again tested as before. The pedicle screw is then inserted using the navigated Stryker Instruments Cordless Driver 3. Each screw is then stimulated. These steps are completed at each level. Once all levels are instrumented, a second intraoperative CT is completed to confirm adequate placement of hardware. Neuro-monitoring and post-screw placement imaging with use of intraoperative X-ray and CT scan was used to determine the acceptability of screw placement.Twenty-three patients were selected for analysis based on appropriateness of virtual screw technique for their presenting pathology. Degenerative, traumatic, and neoplastic cases were included in the subject pool . The numTwenty-three consecutive patients, aged 19 to 65, were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 144 pedicle screws were inserted using the described technique. Thirty-eight screws were inserted into the thoracic spine, 90 screws were inserted into the lumbar spine, and 16 screws were inserted into the sacral spine. After insertion of screws into the 23 patients selected for analysis using the three-step virtual PS placement technique, only 1 out of the 144 inserted screws needed revision (0.69%). The screw needed to be revised due to a lateral breach at lumbar level 2 (L2). Neuro-monitoring stimulation of the screw at less than 10 millihertz (mHz) helped to confirm a cortical breach. The breach was in agreement with neuro-monitoring. This revision was done at the time of the initial surgery after routine, post-hardware placement, intraoperative CT. The single screw that was not initially successfully inserted was replaced with neuronavigation into the appropriate position, corrected using the same technique described above.There was a 0% morbidity and mortality rate with this technique.Pedicle screws were first introduced into medical procedures in the 1950s and 1960s ,11. SincCurrently, techniques can be broken down into two major categories: freehand and assisted approaches. Free-hand approach is the most common and involves the fixation of a pedicle screw without an imaging aid or with fluoroscopy, whereas assisted techniques rely on neuronavigation technology to visualize anatomical landmarks . Many stThe novelty of our assisted technique, described in the methods section, advances PS placement as compared to traditional assisted approaches through a technique that minimizes steps and equipment needed using innovative instrumentation, while also producing excellent patient outcomes. This is accomplished by (1) use of a navigated power drill eliminating the need for a manual pedicle finder, manual tap, and manual screw placement; (2) utilization of Stryker-manufactured power taps and driver attachment specifically fabricated for the senior author ; and (3)The novelty of this technique is a combination of using a power driver with virtual screw technology. The visualization approach comes from the initial utilization of only a 3-mm tip and the screen projection of a real-size virtual screw. Using a small 3-mm tip prevents complications and potentially harmful entry into unnecessary neuroanatomy. Visualizing a full-size 6.5 × 50 screw on the screen projection prior to insertion of the PS allows the authors’ to ensure that the screw will avoid hitting any delicate surrounding anatomy. Essentially, the real-size virtual screw visualization and utilization of a small 3-mm match stick tip allow for minimal complications and certainty of the PS trajectory. A pedicle feeler is used to assess the integrity of the tract and confirm system accuracy. The next step uses an appropriate tap on the navigated power driver to access the vertebral body and finally to place and appropriate PS also using the navigated power driver.Free-hand approach studies reported overall accuracies for pedicle screw placement as low as 71.9%; however, the range of accuracy for PS insertion using the free-hand technique has been reported as high as 91.3% ,20,21,22The results from the authors’ study support evidence in the literature that assisted techniques have higher accuracies of PS placement. With a 99.31% accuracy rate, the novel three-step virtual PS technique detailed in this paper illustrates consistency and precision. Image-guided neurosurgical techniques have been used for a while now, first used in cranial procedures and then by being slowly incorporated into the spinal axis . The resThe continued study and iteration of PS placement techniques is important because relative accuracies and revision of faulty screws determine patient outcomes. Screw revision is difficult, requires time and money, and results in patient complications . With PSWhen implemented, the proposed navigated power driver with the virtual screw, three-step technique solves several problems associated with screw placement using only anatomical landmark observation. Without the need for extensive tissue dissection for entry point exposure and establishment of proper orientation, without the need for screw reposition due to intra- or post-operative complications, and by minimizing the steps and instrumentation required for PS entry, the authors have developed an accurate and safe method that augments existing techniques of navigated PS fixation. Low error rates of screw placement were seen with the novel three-step technique, resulting in an error rate of only 0.69% and a 0% morbidity. This technique shows promise to reduce the misplacement rate of screws, consequent revision rates, and associated surgical morbidities.


Indonesian banking industry has experienced up and down as can be seen after Pakto ‘88, in which the number of new banks grew rapidly, but after the 1997–1998 financial crisis, a lot of banks were liquidated due to the deteriorating financial condition and violation of the precautionary principles by bank management. The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the effects of good corporate governance, information technology, HR competencies on competitive advantage and its implication on marketing performance.The method used in this research was a descriptive survey and explanatory survey with a sample size of 320 respondents, and the data analysis methods used are structural equation modeling.Based on the results of the research, the findings obtained from good corporate governance, information technology, HR competencies have a significant effect on competitive advantage on the performance of marketing. However, when seen in part, competitive advantage has a dominant effect on marketing performance. Indonesian banking industry has experienced up and down as can be seen after Pakto ‘88, in which the number of new banks grew rapidly, but after the 1997–1998 financial crisis, a lot of banks were liquidated due to the deteriorating financial condition and violation of the precautionary principles by bank management.Recovery efforts or restructuring of the banking industry have changed the ownership structure of banks and banking regulations. Many family-owned banks, have been taken over by the government and foreign owners. Similarly, some banks should be liquidated or merged. These conditions show a change in the competitive environment so that the performance of the banking industry continues to pursue improvements.In order to create a better, healthier, and more stable banking industry, the existence of the banking structure needs to be assessed and stated in the Indonesian Banking Architecture (API). One of the pillars of the API is to create a sound banking structure. The consolidation process to strengthen the capital and the merger is expected to occur in the future in line with the API program. API has been implemented in order to build a banking industry that has a strong structure to maintain the stability of the financial sector. Consolidation policy has been conducted in addition to strengthening the financial infrastructure through the establishment of the Deposit Insurance Agency (LPS), risk management certification, and customer complaint mechanism. Another policy is to increase the level of prudential banking that refers to the international standard, the 25 basel core principles for effective banking supervision LPI . GovernmWith the attention of Bank Indonesia and the government to the banking industry, the banks in Indonesia should continue to improve their performance compared to those in some countries. However, the performance of the national public banking remains relatively stagnant or even shows no improvement and are still below under the bank some Asian countries. The performance of national public banking is still relatively low as well as in the general performance of the national banking system at the regional level in DKI Jakarta.Based on the data from the Bank Indonesia , the devSubanidja : 15, staDenton , suggestLado  view thaAlmajali : 5 statePing : 10 statIn the previews research, like Denton  just comTeng et al. : 1181, gIn UU No. 40 of 2007 the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) should reflect on the following matters: transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, fairness.Kotler and Keller : 141 to Talvinen : 26 arguPaula : 384 arg“an underlying characteristic of an individual that is causally related to criterion-referenced effective and/or superior performance in a job or a situation”.Vos : 5 definHudson and Radu  state thBennett and Smith : 75, comHsieh et al. : 12 statSuryaningsih and Abdul : 14, an Basically, the sale is one of the performance marketing which is the level of work achieved by the company during the period, compared to the operational objectives, standards and criteria that have been set previously.Pribadi and Kanai  argue thBased on the framework above, conceptual research model can be described as in Fig. H1:There is an influence of good corporate governance on competitive advantageH1a:There is an influence of transparency on competitive advantageH1b:There is an influence of accountability on competitive advantageH1c:There is an influence of responsibility on competitive advantageH1d:There is an influence of independency on competitive advantageH1e:There is an influence of fairness on competitive advantageH2:There is an influence of information technology on competitive advantageH2a:There is an influence of database on competitive advantageH2b:There is an influence of software system on competitive advantageH2c:There is v influence of hardware system on competitive advantageH3:There is an influence of HR competence on competitive advantageH3a:There is an influence of behavior competency on competitive advantageH3b:There is an influence of attitude competency on competitive advantageH4:There is an influence of competitive advantage on marketing performanceThe nature of this research is descriptive and verification, and the research method used was a descriptive survey method and explanatory survey. The type of investigation in this study is causality. The unit of analysis in this study is the organization, in which a national public banking unit of observation is the manager of the National Bank in Jakarta. Time frame in this study is cross-sectional, i.e. the information of most of the population (the sample of respondents) was collected directly from empirically location in order to know the opinion of the major population towards the object being studied.Sources of data in this research are a secondary data source of documentation or reports which are available to the agency. Primary data in the form of good corporate governance, information technology, human resource competencies and competitive advantages, and performance marketing is sourced from the Bank Manager.The total population in this study was 90 commercial banks, and the sample size using the formula Slovin ; 49 is 4t test results confirmed Lisrel with the complete test error rate set at 5 %. In addition to individual, SEM also tested the proposed model as a whole, namely through conformance test model (goodness of fit statistics).The method of analysis used in this study is the analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM) by using processing software Lisrel 8:30. In the SEM analysis method, statistical estimation was individually tested using the t test. Through the output path diagram, statistical t value, Based on Table Based on the results of the analysis with Lisrel 8:30 embodied in the unity hypothesis (H1) to the ninth hypothesis (H9) are depicted in Table Based on the above results, the national public banking in Jakarta will be able to improve marketing performance, especially in customer profitability (Y13) if the company has a competitive advantage, especially in high technology (Y5), while the competitive advantage in the company’s technology will be superior if the company has a reliable information technology system, especially in applications (software) (X8) and have good corporate governance, especially in the independent (X4) in implementing the precautionary principle and supported by human resources especially in the behavior of high competency (X9).Then, based on the perception of the general manager of the national banking system in Jakarta, corporate governance (GCG) is still relatively poor, especially in such elements that provide complete and accurate information, the level of ease for access by stakeholders according to their rights in giving opportunity to all stakeholders to provide input/opinions, and in providing access to information in accordance with the principle of openness. Based on this, the national commercial banks in Jakarta are demanded to pay more attention to and improve the implementation of good corporate governance (GCG). Therefore, competence provides complete and accurate ease of access to stakeholders according to their rights, and opportunities provide constructive input from stakeholders. This can be done by increasing the ability of the application system and HR competences. Thus, openness, accountability, and fairness of the National Banking can be improved (Permata Budi Asri Information technology (IT) of a national public bank in Jakarta is still relatively low, especially in the elements of security such as ATM availability, transaction availability through internet and phone banking through transaction availability, completeness featured on ATMs, and the completeness of the features on internet banking. Therefore, it is necessary that national public banking in Jakarta be able to improve their skills in the use of information technology to provide easiness to customers, debtors, and other stakeholders in the transaction. The ability to use new information technology is only held by four (big four) banks. Almajali .HR competencies owned by national commercial banks in Jakarta still need attention, and these elements relate to feelings of being needed by others, easily satisfied, being tired, waiting for free time, the tendency to do something, the tendency to be lazy, and waiting for retirement. This suggests that the attitude of human resource competency owned by banking companies needs to be improved so as to contribute to the companies. The steps can be carried out by the national public banking in Jakarta through training, soft skill development, proper rotation system, career development, and transparent and non-discriminatory promotion system , and have the ability to utilize human resource competency behavior that has a high competency and attitude  (H2b) and have good corporate governance, especially in the independence (H1d) of implementing the precautionary principles which are supported by human resources especially in the behavior of high competency (H3a).Good governance have positive and significant influence on competitive advantage. Transparency, accountability, responsibility, independency, and fairness have positive and significant effects on competitive advantage, but independency has dominant effects on competitive advantage.Information technology has positive dan significant effects on competitive advantage. Database, software and hardware systems have positive and significant effect on competitive advantage, but software system has dominant effects on competitive advantage.HR competency has positive and significant effects on competitive advantage. Behavior competency and attitude competency have positive and significant effects on competitive advantage, but behavior competency has a dominant effect on competitive advantage.Competitive advantage has positive and significant effects on marketing performance.


Glucocorticoid resistance is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Molecular and cellular mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance in the brain have remained unknown and are potential therapeutic targets. Phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling integrates both pathways for remodeling synaptic structure and plasticity. The goal of this study is to test the role of the BDNF-dependent pathway on glucocorticoid signaling in a mouse model of glucocorticoid resistance. We report that deletion of GR phosphorylation at BDNF-responding sites and downstream signaling via the MAPK-phosphatase DUSP1 triggers tau phosphorylation and dendritic spine atrophy in mouse cortex. In human cortex, DUSP1 protein expression correlates with tau phosphorylation, synaptic defects and cognitive decline in subjects diagnosed with AD. These findings provide evidence for a causal role of BDNF-dependent GR signaling in tau neuropathology and indicate that DUSP1 is a potential target for therapeutic interventions. Stress is a major risk factor for promoting or aggravating neuropathological changes within the cortico-limbic system in neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders1267Neurobiological correlates of glucocorticoid plasticity consist in epigenetic modifications, mitochondrial function and cytoskeletal remodeling based on changes in phosphorylation of signaling and structural proteins101213The primary factor of vulnerability to cumulative stress is the acquired resistance of cells to the actions of glucocorticoids16171819GR is a central pivot of glucocorticoid responses at the intersection of multiple signaling pathways for stress/depression systems, cognitive functions, and synaptic plasticity, notably the growth factor signaling pathways2272426One strategy to demonstrate permissivity is to disrupt one signaling hub that integrates both glucocorticoid and BDNF pathways. This study explored GR phosphorylation as such a hub in the cortex of a mouse model featuring disrupted glucocorticoid circadian rhythms .DUSP1 , EGR1 (Early Growth Response-1), NR4A1 (Nuclear Receptor subfamily-4 Group-A member-1/nur77/NGF1A), P11 (S100A10) and FOS  in primary cortical neurons responded to co-stimulation with BDNF and dexamethasone  or synthetic (dexamethasone), is under the influence of BDNF signalingethasone , but onl product . In contde novo phosphorylation of tau  for 10 consecutive days beginning at PND21 . Morningdusp1 and nr4a1 in cortex  responding to acute co-stimulation with BDNF and dexamethasone are not changed by chronic corticosterone exposure. Therefore, despite the high circulating levels of corticosterone, GR downstream signaling was minimized as typically featured in physiological states of glucocorticoid resistance.Decreased phosphorylation of GR is consistent with altered expression of n cortex . Other gin vivo, we electroporated the mouse cortex with a DNA construct to knockdown endogenous GR and express the recombinant BDNF-insensitive phospho-deficient GR mutant [2A for S155A/S287A] made resistant to the shRNA. This construct also expresses GFP to permit analysis of dendritic spines in cortical tissue sections. At one month of age, electroporated GFP-positive neurons lacked phospho-isoforms S155 and S287 adaptation to chronic glucocorticoid exposure and diseases featuring hypercortisolemia as a risk factor . For instance, dusp1 expression is low.This prompted us to downregulate experimentally DUSP1 expression in mouse cortex with a validated shRNA vector carrying a GFP reporter . DUSP1 kDUSP1 could decrease PHF1 levels in cortical neurons and could prevent dendritic spine loss mediated by prolonged corticosterone exposure. Gain-of-function was achieved with lentivirus in primary cortical neurons and in mouse cortex by in utero electroporation. We found that DUSP1 decreased PHF1 levels in vitro (in vivo DUSP1 overexpressing cells (GFP+) barely exhibited PHF1 immunoreactivity  permitted correlations of cortical expression of DUSP1 with an index of cognitive decline. Mean levels of DUSP1 protein are reduced only in the category presenting severe cognitive deficits , proportHypersecretion of glucocorticoids is a risk factor for accelerating neuropathological changes associated with AD in humans and in relevant AD animal models3840de novo phosphorylation of tau and dendritic spine atrophy recapitulating salient effects of chronic corticosterone treatment. Although a floor effect cannot be completely excluded, we interpret deficits of GR phosphorylation as evidence of GR resistance in the absence of additive effects between GR manipulations and cumulative corticosterone exposure, which is translationally impactful for neurodegenerative disorder research as well as neuropsychiatric disorder research.Evidence for insufficient signaling of GRs despite elevated circulating levels of glucocorticoids is provided by studies in rats either injected chronically with a fragment of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ25-35) in cerebrovascular milieuin vitro, likely making postmortem analysis equivocalAmong the genes dependent on BDNF and GR phosphorylation, DUSP1 expression is involved in suppressing the occurrence of hyperphosphorylated tau and synaptic loss in mouse cortex in response to a chronic treatment with corticosterone. In human cortex, DUSP1 expression correlates with PHF1 immunoreactivity, PSD95 levels, Braak stage and MMSE scores. Overall, DUSP1 is downregulated in AD brains compared to controls in 2 cohorts. We did not test the expression of GR phosphorylation in postmortem human tissues because GR phosphorylation is short-lived and very sensitive to dephosphorylation de novo phosphorylation of tau in the model of chronic corticosterone administration.Low levels of BDNF and TrkB are reported within vulnerable neuronal populations in the brain of AD patients and administration of BDNF or mimetics prevented and reversed symptomatology of AD in animal models444547A unique feature of the DUSP family of proteins is to dephosphorylate both the tyrosine and threonine residues within a conserved TxY motif, a consensus sequence found in the catalytic core of MAPKs. Phosphorylation of the TxY motif at both residues is required for full MAPK activity56Broad-spectrum substrates of MAPKs implicated in AD include the cytoskeletal protein tau. We found that DUSP1 overexpression decreased tau phosphorylation whereas DUSP1 knockdown increased tau phosphorylation. Cycles of phosphorylation/ dephosphorylation of tau in dendrites are postulated to be involved in synaptic remodeling, neuronal plasticity, and correlate highly with cognitive decline and synaptic dysfunction during the progression of AD58DUSP1 shares features of immediate early genes with low baseline levels, rapid induction and turnover that is responsive to stress and glucocorticoidsStress and glucocorticoids increase tau phosphorylation in dendrites and synapses commensurate to the intensity of stimuli13Strategies aiming at restoring DUSP1 functions could provide mechanistic insights for preventing or lessening AD neuropathology. This requires methods for delivering DUSP1 functions in a time-controlled manner. One approach with great potential would be to stop the aggravation of AD neuropathology upon chronic stress/corticosterone by providing the necessary neurotrophic support that the diseased brain lacks to restore sufficient GR signaling.A list of the reagents used is provided as ad libitum access to food, water, and maintained on a 12-h light-dark cycle (onset of the light cycle 5:00 AM). Solutions of corticosterone (15 mg/kg) and vehicle  were made fresh daily and always injected systemically in the mornings for 10 consecutive days starting on post-natal day (PND) 21 onwards. 1--3--1H-pyrazolopyrimidin-4-amine  was administered via the drinking water for 10 consecutive days from P21 onwards to block the ATP binding site of the TrkB mutant F669ATime-pregnant CD1 mice (Janvier Laboratories) were allowed in utero and electroporated  as describedOne μg of DNA was injected in the ventricle at E15-E15.5 on CD1 mouse embryos The shRNA plasmids against mouse DUSP1, GR, TrkB, scramble control and molecular replacement vectors for the mutant GR and TrkB were previously describedBrain hemisections were fixed with 4% ice-cold paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 2 h and equilibrated in 30% sucrose. Free-floating coronal sections rinsed in phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS) were blocked in 5% normal goat serum, 5% normal horse serum, PBS, 0.1% triton X-100 for 2 h at 25 °C. Primary antibodies  were incubated for 2 days. PHF1 (S396/S404) is a progressive marker of tau pathology, which phosphorylation by stress-activated MAPK responds to glucocorticoidsFluorescence images were taken on a LSM510 laser-scanning confocal microscope (Carl-Zeiss) equipped with x63 Plan Neofluor NA1.3 oil-immersion objective and digital zoom 8. Z-stack images were processed using ImageJ . Laser e3VO4, 10 mM NaF, 10 nM calyculin A and cleared from debris by centrifugation  as previously describedPunches of the somatosensory cortex were obtained from 200 μm-thick mouse brain hemisections on ice using a dissecting tool (Stoelting) and frozen in liquid nitrogen. For Western blot analysis, tissue was lysed in 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH = 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, 1% NP40, 0.1% SDS, 0.1% triton X-100 complemented with protease inhibitors, 1 mM Na−1 primer mixture. qPCR was performed with ABI 7900 instrument (Applied Biosystems), followed by melt-curve analysis. Fold changes in gene expression were calculated using ΔΔCt (Ct = cycle number at threshold) analytical method that includes normalization against housekeeping geneHot-start SYBR Green PCR kit (Qiagen) was used in 16 μL reactions containing 1 μL of cDNA, and 1 μL of 5 pmol μLin vitro in Neurobasal medium containing B27 supplement, 0.5 mM L-glutamine, 5-fluorouridine and uridine (10 μM each). 293FT cells (Invitrogen) were grown in DMEM containing 10% FBS plus 200 μg/ml G418. Cells lysates were prepared in 10 mM Tris-HCL, pH = 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, 1% NP40, 0.1% SDS plus protease inhibitors, 1 mM Na3VO4, 10 nM calyculin A and 10 mM NAF and cleared .Primary E18 cortical neurons were prepared from time-pregnant CD1 mice, cultured on poly-D-lysine, and maintained for 2 weeks Frozen tissues of the frontal cortex [Broadman area BA9 and BA10] of 71 cases with age at death ranging from 29 to 98 years, and postmortem interval (PMI) ≤ 36 hours were obtained from the Rush Religious Orders Study (RROS), the University of Pennsylvania Brain Bank (Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research), the Harvard Brain Bank (Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center), and the Emory Brain Bank (Center for Neurodegenerative Disease). The cases were clinically examined and diagnosed as normal controls with no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) insufficient to meet criteria for dementia, and AD. Cognitive assessment scores were collected within one year prior to death using the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)Data were compared using Student’s t-test or correlated with Pearson r for comparing 2 variables. For multiple comparisons, we used 2-way ANOVA post-hoc Tukey’s test (GraphPad Prism). Statistic tables are presented in the How to cite this article: Arango-Lievano, M. et al. Deletion of Neurotrophin Signaling through the Glucocorticoid Receptor Pathway Causes Tau Neuropathology. Sci. Rep.6, 37231; doi: 10.1038/srep37231 (2016).Publisher’s note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.


Species that compete for access to or use of sites, such as parasitic mites attaching to honey bees or apple maggots laying eggs in fruits, can potentially increase their fitness by carefully selecting sites at which they face little or no competition. Here, we systematically investigate the evolution of site-selection strategies among animals competing for discrete sites. By developing and analyzing a mechanistic and population-dynamical model of site selection in which searching individuals encounter sites sequentially and can choose to accept or continue to search based on how many conspecifics are already there, we give a complete characterization of the different site-selection strategies that can evolve. We find that evolution of site-selection stabilizes population dynamics, promotes even distribution of individuals among sites, and occasionally causes evolutionary suicide. We also discuss the broader implications of our findings and propose how they can be reconciled with an earlier study (Nonaka et al. in J Theor Biol 317:96–104,  As you are reading this sentence, billions of organisms are engaged in a fierce struggle for the acquisition of territory and resources. While the population dynamics of these organisms are strictly dependent on multifarious factors such as individual behavior, resource availability, somatic growth, predation risk, mobility, diseases, and mate competition, important insights can often be attained by considering selected factors in isolation. The dynamics of populations that compete for access to or use of sites, such as mites, bean weevils, parasitic wasps, parasitic birds, aphids, and plants, are dependent on the distribution of individuals among sites and the competition within sites. These two factors are well-suited for mathematical description, and a modeling framework has been developed by Johansson and Sumpter , SumpterOne of the successes of the site-based framework was when Brännström and Sumpter  showed hHere, we show for the first time how evolution of general site-selection strategies can be integrated with the site-based framework. To avoid introducing anthropogenic biases or artificially constraining the outcomes, we make only minimal assumptions on individual settlement and interaction and include the full feedback loop from individual behavior up to demographic change and from demographic composition down to selection on individual behaviors. To demonstrate the wide reach of the resulting eco-evolutionary system, we tackle three salient complementary questions which have until now not been systematically investigated.First, we investigate how the evolution of site-selection strategies affect population dynamics and find that it generally stabilizes population dynamics independent of the type of interaction. Second, we study how the evolution of site-selection strategies affects the distribution of individuals among sites. We find that selection always favors a more even distribution of individuals among sites than what would result from a random site choice with uniform probability. This contrasts sharply with the conclusion by Nonaka et al.  who founWe will establish and expand on the three conclusions above in Sect. s, as described further below. The per-capita reproductive rate is then determined by the number of individuals at the same resource site. With the exception of rare mutations, the offspring faithfully inherit the behavioral strategies of their parents and emerge from the sites to constitute the next generation in a repetitive cycle. This gives the discrete-time dynamical systemt, k individuals and We consider the site-based framework of Sumpter and Broomhead , Johanssk individuals at the moment. To keep the number of equations finite, we set a maximum number of individuals K that a site can contain, so that settlement into a site with K individuals is not possible. We choose K large enough so that this assumption only has negligible effects on our numerical results.Let n et al.  investigk individuals at time n morphs, the components T.Let mentclass2pt{minimNote that the assumptions made above differ in several aspects from the earlier study by Nonaka et al. , in whick at the site. This function is meaningful only when After the individuals have selected their sites, they interact according to the interaction function mentclass2pt{minimIn pure scramble competition, reproduction is possible only when an individual holds an entire site for itself, resulting in K is infinite, the density of settled individuals at time T is y(T), thus If individuals always settle into a site they encounter, and e Ricker  model. Iroomhead  and Joharoomhead  who consWe investigate the evolutionary dynamics using techniques of adaptive dynamics  and those with higher variance-to-mean ratios more aggregated (overdispersed). The interaction functions we have considered have all given rise to evolutionary stable site-selection strategies of the form,z individuals and never settle if it contains more than z, there is an intermediate case in which the individual sometimes settles. Our investigations indicate that the value of z depends on how fast the per-capita reproduction rate declines with the number of individuals, with the lowest value z, the probability k individuals in a site is given byz decreases. Note that the mean of the distribution is not a parameter that can be freely chosen, but instead emerges from the chosen interaction function and the evolved strategy.To substantiate the aforementioned conclusions, we assess the index of dispersion of the resulting distributions of individuals per site by considering their variance-to-mean ratio, roughly the spread in the number of individuals per site divided with the average number of individuals per site. The always settle strategy, corresponding to a Poisson distribution when Site-based models have a long history in theoretical ecology where they have been used to elucidate how the population dynamics are affected by competition for resources. These studies have generally imposed assumptions on how individuals choose which site to utilize. The most common assumption is that individuals choose sites entirely at random, with uniform probability, although aggregated distributions  which are encountered sequentially. Among salient examples, Mangel (M. pseudoplatani. Horng (, Mangel  used a p, Mangel  applied , Mangel  on the pi. Horng  consideri. Horng  studied i. Horng  has alsoEvolution of sociality Several authors have used an eco-evolutionary approach to explore the evolution of sociality. Avilés (. Avilés  consider. Avilés  extended. Avilés , Shen et. Avilés , and Van. Avilés . Using tPromising extensions  Several extensions can be conceived. First, we could consider the option of depositing a selective number of eggs at a site while retaining the remaining eggs for possible future encounters. Second, the decision of whether to deposit eggs could depend on the number of eggs that the individual still retains and the time in the season. This would likely make the individual more selective for the last few remaining eggs and less selective as the time passes. Third, if we interpret site-selection not as the oviposition of eggs but as the habitat choice of individuals, we can include factors such as territorial defense and local war of attrition in which an individual may choose to leave a patch on which it has already settled when conditions become unfavorable. Fourth, in line with the literature on the evolution of sociality, it would be possible to consider strategies where existing group members have a say in the matter, for example by not allowing more members to join a group. Fifth, in our study we have systematically explored interaction functions corresponding to scramble competition with and without Allee effects, in which the reproductive output is identically zero whenever four or more individuals settle in a patch. It would be interesting to consider a more general class of interaction functions including, in particular, contest competition. This would likely change the conclusions presented here, as there is always some benefit of settling in contest competition even if the site is already fairly crowded. Finally, after imposing individual variability in competitive ability or other factors, it would be very interesting to study how the evolved strategies depend on these factors. For example, we expect that strong competitors will adopt aggressive strategies of settling fairly soon even in crowded sites while individuals with lesser competitive ability might search longer for empty patches.Population dynamics arise from the life-history, interactions, and movement of individuals. Here, we have contributed to a better understanding of individual movement by considering the evolution of site-selection strategies for species reproducing in discrete resource sites. In addition to characterizing evolutionarily stable site-selection strategies, our work reveals that evolution of site-selection stabilizes population dynamics, promotes even distribution of individuals, and occasionally causes the extinction of the entire population through evolutionary suicide. Continuing our work in the direction of an integrative and synthetic framework for site-selection and group formation is an exciting and important challenge for the future.