Who was The Earl of Rochester, John Wilmot…..?
I find it hard to pin down who Rochester was, maybe it is because he revealed of much contradictory emotion in his verse, or maybe it is his reputation of which so much is written about displays the uneasy relation between actions , feelings and expression. I highly recommend the Movie version of his life ,The Libertine (2004) http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0375920/.
But there must be so much more, I read and (re)read some of his poems and wonder "How?" other poems fit easily into Restoration literature taken to its absurdist extreame. Rochester was maybe never sure who he was himself, explaining his 'inconstancy, his drinking, his syphilis, and is disguises…
"All I shall say for myself on this score is this, if I appear to any one like a counterfeit, even for the sake of that chiefly ought I to be construed a true man, [for] who is the counterfeit's example, his original, and that which he employs his industry and pains to imitate and copy? Is it therefore my fault if the cheat by his wits and endeavours makes himself so like me, that consequently I cannot avoid resembling of him?"
-from Dr. Alexander Bendo's advertisement of services (in the 1696 edition of Poems, page 138; see below)
All of these paradoxes keep me reading Rochester and finding New customers for his books , currently I have three editions of his works [1696,1705 and 1709. and a copy of Burnet's "some Passages 1680]
Here is a link to the Poetry Foundations very good biography of him. http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/john-wilmot
Love and Life: A Song
BY JOHN WILMOT, EARL OF ROCHESTER
All my past life is mine no more,
The flying hours are gone,
Like transitory dreams giv'n o'er,
Whose images are kept in store
By memory alone.
The time that is to come is not;
How can it then be mine?
The present moment's all my lot;
And that, as fast as it is got,
Phyllis, is only thine.
Then talk not of inconstancy,
False hearts, and broken vows;
If I, by miracle, can be
This live-long minute true to thee,
'Tis all that Heav'n allows.
Rochester is generally considered to be the most considerable poet and the most learned among the Restoration wits. A few of his love songs have passionate intensity; many are bold and frankly erotic celebrations of the pleasures of the flesh. He is also one of the most original and powerful of English satirists. His "History of Insipids" (1676) is a devastating attack on the government of Charles II, and his "Maim'd Debauchee" has been described as "a masterpiece of heroic irony." A Satyr Against Mankind(1675) anticipates Swift in its scathing denunciation of rationalism and optimism and in the contrast it draws between human perfidy and folly and the instinctive wisdom of the animal world.
In 1674 Rochester was appointed ranger of Woodstock Forest, where much of his later poetry was written. His health was declining, and his thoughts were turning to serious matters. His correspondence (dated 1679–80) with the Deist Charles Blount shows a keen interest in philosophy and religion, further stimulate d by his friendship with Gilbert Burnet, later bishop of Salisbury. Burnet recorded their religious discussions in Some Passages of the Life and Death of John, Earl of Rochester (1680).
(see a description below of a copy currently in my stock) In 1680 he became seriously ill and experienced a religious conversion, followed by a recantation of his past; he ordered "all his profane and lewd writings" burned.
735F Wilmot, John. Earl of Rochester. 1647-1680
Poems, (&c.) on several occasions: with Valentinian: a tragedy. Written by the right honourable John late earl of Rochester.
London: Printed for Jacob Tonson, 1696 $6,600
Octavo, 11 x 17.5 cm. Second edition. A8,a8, B-R8
The spine has been rebacked with the original boards so the binding is tight and secure throughout, and bound with new endpapers. A previous owner has written his name several times throughout but this does not affect the text and indeed adds to the book. The pages are clean, if browned. The only flaw is wormholes to the pages' top margins. These are predominantly from page 200 to the end but with other smaller worming present in the book. There has also been some bookworm damage to the rear board, and this has now been repaired. Needless to say, the worms are long since gone.
"During Rochester's lifetime only a few of his writings were printed as broadsides or in miscellanies, [Later this week I'll write about Miscellanies] but many of his works were known widely from manuscript copies, a considerable number of which seem to have existed. ( I do wish I could come apon one of these!) […] In February of 1690/91, Jacob Tonson, the most reputable publisher of the day, produced a volume entitled 'Poems On Several Occasions.' The appearance of the author's name and title on the title-page is significant. It may indicate that this edition was produced with the approval of the Earl's family and friends, and it is possible that they may have intervened to prevent the publication of Saunders's projected edition [license obtained from the Stationer's Company by Saunders in November of 1690, no edition was ever produced]. Tonson's edition is introduced by a laudatory preface written by Thomas Rymer which states that the book contains 'such Pieces only, as may be receiv'd in a vertuous Court' and is therefore to be regarded only as a selection of Rochester's writings. Nevertheless it contains, in addition to twenty-three genuine poems which had appeared in the [pirated] Antwerp editions of 1680, sixteen others, including some of Rochester's best lyrics. No spurious material seems to have been admitted to this collection, but there is a possibility that salacious passages may have been toned down to suit the taste of a 'virtuous Court.'"
"[Wilmot] is one of these English poets who deserve to be called 'great' as daring and original explorers of reality; his place is with such memorable spiritual adventurers as Marlowe, Blake, Byron, Wilfred Owen and D. H. Lawrence. Like Byron and Lawrence, he was denounced as licentious, because he was a devastating critic of conventional morality. Alone among the English poets of his day, he perceived the full significance of the intellectual and spiritual crisis of that age. His poetry expresses individual experience in a way that no other poetry does till the time of Blake. It makes us feel what it was like to live in a world which had been suddenly transformed by the scientists into a vast machine governed by mathematical laws, where God has become a remote first cause and man an insignificant 'reas'ning Engine.' [See 'A Satyr Against Mankind] In his time there was beginning the great Augustan attempt to found a new orthodoxy on the Cartesian-Newtonian world-picture, a civilized city of good taste, common sense and reason. Rochester's achievement was to reject this new orthodoxy at the very outset. He made three attempts to solve the problem of man's position in the new mathematical universe. The first was the adoption of the ideal of the purely aesthetic hero, the 'Strephon' of his lyrics and the brilliant and fascinating Dorimant of Etherege's comedy. It was a purely selfish ideal of the ethical hero, the disillusioned and penetrating observer of the satires. This ideal was related to truth, but its relationship was purely negative. The third was the ideal of the religious hero, who bore a positive relation to truth. This was the hero who rejected the 'Fools-Coat' of the world and lived by an absolute passion for reality. In his short life Rochester may be said to have anticipated the Augustan Age and the Romantic Movement and passed beyond both. In the history of English thought his poetry is an event of the highest significance. Much of it remains alive in its own right in the twentieth century, because it is what D.H. Lawrence called 'poetry of this immediate present, instant poetry … the soul and the mind and body surging at once, nothing left out." (Quoted from Vivian de Sola Pinto's edition of Wilmot's Poems published by 'The Muses Library')
Wing 1757; Prinz XIV;Grolier's Wither to Prior #987; O'Donnell A 16 (Prologue), BB 4.1c.
756d Burnet, Gilbert. 1643-1715
Some Passages Of The Life and Death Of the Right Honourable John Earl of Rochester, Who died the 26th of July, 1680. Writen by his own Direction on his Death-Bed, By Gilbert Burnet, D.D.
London: Printed for Richard Chiswel, at the Rose and Crown in St. Pauls Church-Yard, 1680 $1,600 Octavo, 6.7 x 4.3 inches. First edition, second issue without the errata on A8 verso. A-N8 (A1 and N8 blank). The portrait of the Earl of Rochester is bound opposite the title page. This copy is bound in contemporary full calf, blindstamped borders, with loss at the spine head. A previous owner's ink and pencil notes to endpapers, and a previous owner has inked a simple design. The upper corner of the lower board is cracked.
John Wilmot, second Earl of Rochester was known as a libertine and a poet, and often referred to as the "Rake of Rochester." This work is the product of Rochester's death-bed repentance, when he charged Burnet "not to spare him in anything which [he] thought might be of use to the Living." Burnet, while obliged to mention the faults, added: "I have touched them as tenderly as the Occasion would bear: and I am sure with much more softness than he desired". As Dr. Johnson wrote: "This is a work which the critic ought to read for its elegance, the philosopher for its arguments, and the saint for its piety."
Wither to Prior 125; Wing B-5922.
1007E Wilmot, John. Earl of Rochester. 1647-1680
Poems, On several occasions: with Valentinian: a tragedy. Written by the right honourable John late Earl of Rochester.
Octavo, 7.5 X 4.5 inches . The third edition of the authentic works. A8, a8 B- R8 This copy is bounds in modern panneled calf,in a early eighteenth style. It has the lighter than usual age spotting through out for this edition, a very nice copy.
Prinz XVII* ( an exact reperint of the 1691 XIII {the best collection }
Grolier's Wither to Prior #988; O'Donnell A 16 (Prologue), BB 4.1c.
349F Rochester, John Wilmot, Earl of. 1647-1680
The Works of the Right Honourable the Earls of Rochester, and Roscommon. With Some Memoirs of the Earl of Rochester's Life, by Monsieur St. Evremont: In a Letter to the Dutchess of Mazarine. The Third Edition. To which is added, A Collection of Miscellany Poems. By the most Eminent Hands. [bound with] Miscellaneous Works by the Right Honourable The Earl of Roscommon
London: Printed by E. Curll, at the Peacock without Temple-Bar, 1709 SOLD
Octavo, 7.6 x 4.75 inches. Third edition. [π]2, c8, a-b8, A-D8, E6 (Leaves E7 and E8, and F1-5 [pages 76 to 90] have all been sliced out of this copy because of the licentious nature of the poems therein.), F6-8, G-L8; A-M8, N1. This copy lacks the portrait of Rochester. This copy is in good condition in contemporary boards.
The following poems were excised from this copy: "A Description of a Maidenhead," "The Virgin's Desire," "The Perfect Enjoyment," and "The Imperfect Enjoyment."
ESTC T95392.
Spy Games: The Intrigues of Aphra Behn (infamousscribblers.wordpress.com)
Antiquarian books, Charles II of England, D. H. Lawrence, Earl, early printed books, English Literature, Gilbert Burnet, Jacob Tonson, John Wilmot 2nd Earl of Rochester, Libertine, London, Poetry, Rare books, Rochester, Thomas Rymer, Wilfred Owen