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O PROFMCLIGEYOSETH, K DRKAYIMAJOSHUA. "Ngugi N., McLigeyo S.O., Kayima J.K. Treatment of hyperkalaemia by altering the transcellur gradient in patients with renal failure: effect of various therapeutic approaches East African Medical Journal, 73(8): 503 -504; 1997.". In: East African Medical Journal, 73(8): 503 -504; 1997. University of Nairobi.; 1997. Abstract
Ten patients with acute and 60 with chronic renal failure (both groups having hyperkalaemia), were managed at Kenyatta National Hospital in the medical wards and Renal Unit between August, 1995 and January, 1996. They were divided into seven different treatment groups, each consisting of ten patients. Treatment A glucose 25g i.v. with insulin 10 units i.v., treatment B 50 mmol of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate infusion, treatment C 0.5mg of salbutamol i.v. in 50mls 5% dextrose, treatment D was a combination of treatments A and B, treatment E was a combination of treatment B and C, treatment F was a combination of treatments A and C while treatment G was a combination of treatments A and B and C. Serum potassium was measured, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours and 8 hours after treatment. Plasma glucose concentration was measured before treatment was given and 1 hour after in all patients. Electrocardiography was done before treatment on all patients and repeated 30 minutes and 1 hour after treatment for the patients with hyperkalaemic changes on the initial recording. All treatment modalities had satisfactory potassium lowering effects. Of the single therapeutic approaches, treatment A and C were equieffective, but better than treatment B (P < 0.001). Amongst the two regimen combinations, treatment D and F were more efficacious than treatment E and all the single therapeutic approaches (P < 0.001). Treatment G was the most efficacious in lowering serum potassium in this study. All treatment modalities had maximum serum potassium lowering effect at 1-2 hours. A fall in plasma glucose concentration was a notable feature of treatments A and D, but significant hypoglycaemia occurred in 20% of patients receiving treatment A and in none on treatment D. The ECG changes of hyperkalaemia did not correlate with serum potassium levels. The normalisation of hyperkalaemic ECG alteration occurred within the first 30 minutes after treatment. In conclusion, combination therapies for hyperkalaemia appear to be more efficacious than single therapeutic approaches. Inclusion of salbutamol seems to protect against insulin induced hypoglycaemia. The maximum potassium lowering effect is observed 1-2 hours of administration of either agents. The potassium reducing effect remains significant compared to baseline values even after 8 hours. If dialysis cannot be instituted early enough it seems reasonable to repeat treatment every 4-6 hours to sustain the effect. Repeated administration of glucose with insulin may not be safe because of the hypoglycaemic effect. Other single and combination therapies can theoretically be repeated regularly until dialysis is initiated although this requires further clinical evaluation.
O PROFMCLIGEYOSETH, K DRKAYIMAJOSHUA. "Ngugi N., McLigeyo S.O., Kayima J.K. Treatment of hyperkalaemia by altering the transcellur gradient in patients with renal failure: effect of various therapeutic approaches East African Medical Journal, 73(8): 503 -504; 1997.". In: East African Medical Journal, 73(8): 503 -504; 1997. Ochieng P. O., McLigeyo S. O., Amayo E. O., Kayima J. K. and Omonge E. O.; 1997. Abstract
O PROFMCLIGEYOSETH, K DRKAYIMAJOSHUA. "Ngugi P.N., McLigeyo S.O., Kayima J.K., Otieno L.S., Mogere R. Vascular access for Haemodialysis. East African Medical Journal, 68(6): 442-447; 1991.". In: East African Medical Journal, 68(6): 442-447; 1991. University of Nairobi.; 1991. Abstract
In a fifteen month period (August 1987 to November 1988) forty patients requiring haemodialysis had 83 angioaccess procedures performed. Arteriovenous (AV) shunts and arteriovenous fistulae were the commonest procedures, comprising 56 (67%) and 20 (24%) of the patients respectively. Subclavian catheters and artificial grafts were used less frequently. Nephrologists and senior house officers attached to the Renal Unit were responsible for fashioning A-V shunts and inserting subclavian catheters while the A-V fistulae were fashioned by the urologists and vascular surgeons. The commonest complication of A-V shunts were clotting, occurring in 31 (55.4%) followed by bleeding in 14 (25%). Eight (32%) of the A-V fistulae never functioned from the beginning. It is noted that we are still very dependent on A-V shunts for vascular access in end stage renal disease (ESRF) patients and this is associated with an unacceptable level of complications. This dependency on A-V shunts in ESRD patients should be stopped or phased out. A-V fistulae should be used more frequently. Their constructions should be well thought out, executed and supervised by the few surgeons who are versed in them together with their follow-ups.
O PROFMCLIGEYOSETH, K DRKAYIMAJOSHUA. "Ngugi P.N., McLigeyo S.O., Kayima J.K., Otieno L.S., Mogere R. Vascular access for Haemodialysis. East African Medical Journal, 68(6): 442-447; 1991.". In: East African Medical Journal, 68(6): 442-447; 1991. East African Medical Journal.71(4): 253-5; 1994.; 1991. Abstract
M DRNGUGIPETER. "Ngugi PM, Byakika B.Histology of specimens taken by prostatectomy and needle biopsy. East Afr Med J. 2007 Aug;84(8):363-6.". In: East Afr Med J. 2007 Aug;84(8):363-6. Heinrich Boll Foundation.; 2007. Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the histology of the prostate in prostatectomy done for benign prostatic hypertrology (BPH), and prostate needle biopsy done for raised prostatic specific antigen (PSA). DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTINGS: Nairobi Hospital, Kenyatta National Hospital and Upper Hill Medical Centre. SUBJECTS: The records of all the patients who had prostatectomy for BPH or trans-rectal needle biopsy of the prostate for raised prostatic specific antigen by the author and whose histology was determined at the Nairobi Hospital between May 2004 and December 2006. RESULTS: A total of 108 specimens from 108 patients were sent to the laboratory. The ages of the patients ranged from 48 years to 83 years with a mean of 71.3 years. Of the 108 specimens submitted 82 were benign prostatic hypertrophy and 26 were carcinoma of the prostate. Out of 78 prostatectomy specimens ten (12.8%) had prostate cancer. In the needle biopsy group 16 out of 30 (53%) had prostate cancer. In total there were 82 (76%) patients with histology of benign prostate enlargement and 26 (24%) with histology of prostate cancer. CONCLUSION: Prostate cancer is a common disease in Kenya and a lot of it is important cancer as it will progress and cause death. In this poor resource setting it is possible to make diagnosis of prostate cancer even in the absence of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to help biopsy the prostate. The higher the prostatic specific antigen in asymptomatic patients the higher the yield of prostate cancer on biopsy of the prostate.
M DRNGUGIPETER. "Ngugi PM, Kassim A.Clean intermitent catheterisation in the management of urethral strictures.East Afr Med J. 2007 Nov;84(11):522-4.". In: East Afr Med J. 2007 Nov;84(11):522-4. Heinrich Boll Foundation.; 2007. Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare clean intermittent self-catheterisation and urethral dilatation with sounds in the management of recurrent urethral strictures. Design: A prospective randomised control trial between repeated urethral dilatation with sounds and use of clean intermittent self-catheterisation in the management of recurrent urethral strictures. SETTING: Kenyatta National Hospital, urology clinics. SUBJECTS: Forty nine patients with recurrent urethral strictures were randomised between clean intermittent catheterisation (CISC) and urethral dilatation with sounds. RESULTS: The urinary flow rates were better in patients on the CISC arm compared to the dilatation arm. Seventy three percent of patients having clutton sounds dilatation developed urinary tract infections compared to 25% of those on CISC. The patients in the CISC arm had a uniformly higher quality of life score than those having sounds dilatation of the urethra. CONCLUSION: Clean intermittent self-catheterisation is an effective and safe way of managing recurrent urethral strictures. It is a better method than repeated clutton sounds dilatation.
M DRNGUGIPETER. "Ngugi PM, Magoha GA.The management of early prostate cancer: a review. East Afr Med J. 2007 Sep;84(9 Suppl):S24-30.". In: East Afr Med J. 2007 Sep;84(9 Suppl):S24-30. Heinrich Boll Foundation.; 2007. Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To carry out a review of the management of early (clinically localised) prostate cancer. DATA SOURCE: Review of all published literature on the management of early prostate cancer was carried out through medline and index medicus searches. DATA SELECTION: Published data of the management of early prostate cancer over the last three decades were included in the review. DATA EXTRACTION: Abstracts of articles identified were assessed, read and analysed to determine their relevance to the title under review. DATA SYNTHESIS: After establishing relevance from the abstract, the entire paper was read, and the significant points included in the review. CONCLUSION: Greater number of men are currently being diagnosed with early prostate cancer. This is due to widespread use of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) screening available worldwide. Radical treatment including radical prostatectomy and radical radiation therapy have proven curative value for a significant number of men with localised disease. Survival outcomes indicate that radical prostatectomy offers more reliable cure than radiation therapy for clinically localised disease. Immediate treatment related morbidity of radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy is currently quite low. Both treatment methods have similar impact on erectile function and continence. Rectal complications are however unique to radiation therapy. Surgical and radiation therapy delivery techniques should be further improved to reduce treatment related morbidity and quality of life outcomes.
M DRNGUGIPETER. "Ngugi PM, Saula PW.Open simple prostatectomy and blood transfusion in Nairobi.East Afr Med J. 2007 Sep;84(9 Suppl):S12-23.". In: East Afr Med J. 2007 Sep;84(9 Suppl):S12-23. Heinrich Boll Foundation.; 2007. Abstract
BACKGROUND: Open simple prostatectomy has long been associated with large blood losses; hence allogeneic blood transfusion in this procedure is a standard practice world over. A review of literature suggests significant association between perioperative blood loss accompanying open simple prostatectomy and certain patient factors. The shortage of blood and blood products in our blood transfusion centres as well as the alarming risks of transfusion reactions and disease dissemination demanded a review of these factors with the aim of reducing morbidity associated with peri-operative blood loss and blood transfusion. OBJECTIVES: To assess blood loss, determine blood transfusion rate, and define some of the factors associated with peri-operative blood loss and blood transfusion in open simple prostatectomy. DESIGN : A prospective cohort study. SETTINGS: The urology units of Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. RESULTS: Ninety five patients who underwent open simple prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia were enrolled into the study. Their median age was 70 years (Range 50 to 97). The mean decrease in haemoglobin concentration, which was the main indicator of peri-operative blood loss, was 2.1 g/dl (+/- 1.4). The peri-operative blood transfusion rate was 36.8 %. Twenty four (68.6%) of the patients who received either one or two units of blood had a pre-operative haemoglobin level above 13.5g/ dl and a post-operative haemoglobin level above 11.5 g/dl, while 11 (31.4%) had severe peri-operative bleeding, that necessitated immediate surgical re-intervention. A total of 68 units of blood was transfused, 42 (61.8%) allogeneic and 26 (38.2%) autollogous blood. The post-operative median hospitalisation time was eight days (Range 4 to 35). There were two (2.1%) post-operative deaths and both patients had intractable intra- and post-operative bleeding, massive blood transfusion and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. The factors that were significantly associated with peri-operative blood loss and blood transfusion in open simple prostatectomy were patient's aged above 70 years, pre-operative use of acetylsalicylate or warfarin sodium, pre-operative systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg, general anaesthesia, Freyer's (transvesical) technique and the weight of resected prostatic tissue above 70 grams. CONCLUSION: Open simple prostatectomy performed under spinal anaesthesia using Millin's (retropubic) technique is associated with minimal blood loss. The perioperative blood transfusion rate was 36.8%.
M DRNGUGIPETER. "Ngugi PM.An update on the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.East Afr Med J. 2007 Sep;84(9 Suppl):S36-9.". In: East Afr Med J. 2007 Sep;84(9 Suppl):S36-9. Heinrich Boll Foundation.; 2007. Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To obtain an update of the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. DATA SOURCE: Review of all published literature on advanced prostate cancer was carried out through medline and index medicus search. DATA SELECTION: Published data on advanced prostate cancer from June 2005 to June 2007 was included in the review. DATA EXTRACTION: Abstracts of articles identified were assessed, read and analysed to determine relevance to the title under review. DATA SYNTHESIS: After establishing relevance from the abstract, the entire paper was read, and significant points included in the review. CONCLUSION: The mainstay of treatment of advanced prostate cancer remains hormone withdrawal. The introduction of docetaxel based chemotherapy has caused a paradigm shift.
"Ngugi RK, Kilonzo JM, Kimeu JM, Mureithi SM. 2014. Seasonal botanical characteristics of the diets of Grant's (Gazella granti Brooke) and Thompson's (Gazella thompsoni Guenther) in the dryland habitats." International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation. 2014;6(5):581-588. Abstract2014_ngugi_et_al_ijbc-6-8_seasonal_botanical_characteristics_of_gazelles_diets.pdfWebsite
Cities around the world are currently facing considerable pressure to cope with infrastructure provision amidst rapid urban development and economic growth. Kenya is also facing an
increasing growth of informal settlements in her urban centres. As rapid urbanization takes its toll, so has the development and growth of slums. More than 34% of Kenya"s total population lives in urban areas and of this, more than 71% is confined in informal settlements (UN-Habitat, 2009).
This paper presents the result of study to assess the effects of the change in land use in two sub-catchments, in an urban area close to the Nairobi Central Business District (NCBD). The paper compares the change in land use of two regions in Nairobi, Kenya that are slowly changing due to the fast growing population and economy, on urban runoff.
Ciarunji C. "Ngugi w a Thiong'o and the Oral Traditional with Reference to the River Between.". 1974.Website
Ciarunji C. "Ngugi wa Thiongó and the Oral Tradition.". 1976.Website
HENRY PROFINDANGASI. ""Ngugi's Ideal Audience and the Post-Colonial Reality." In The Yearbook of English Studies. Vol.27.". In: (Published in Japanese). GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies, Hamburg, July 2009; 1997. Abstract
This integrative review on the teaching of reading in Kenyan primary schools provides a foundation for the growing movement there to improve reading education. In gathering sources for this review, we took an inclusive historical stance. Thus, we did not dismiss research reports that lacked traditional indicators of quality such as being published in peer-reviewed journals. We used multiple methods to find relevant research and associated documents, including two trips to Kenya. The review is organized by six topics: (a) language of instruction, (b) reading instruction, (c) reading materials, (d) reading culture, (e) assessment, and (f) teacher development. The review concludes with six proposals for policymakers, educational researchers, and teacher educators for the development of reading instruction based on what we learned in reviewing the literature. The first proposals are intended specifically to address the teaching of reading in Kenya, but they may be relevant to other sub-Saharan nations. The final proposal encourages others to conduct similar reviews to make possible a handbook of reading in Africa.
Indangasi H. "Ngugi's ideal reader in the postcolonial reality.". 1997.Website
NJUGUNA DRGEORGENGUGI. "NGUGI, G.N. Effects of Property and The Management of the commons. The Policy Dialogue Context. In Sottas, B. (ed) Actor Orientation In Resource Management, A Reader: Laikipia Research Programme (1995).". In: Presented at the Commonwealth Association of Surveying and Land Economy (CASLE) and the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) Seminar, Harare,. Survey Review; 1995. Abstract
Towers are typical structures that can be found in many urban and rural landscapes the world over. From their basic design, they are usually exposed to severe environmental loads. It is therefore prudent to carry out periodic maintenance that includes checking that they are correctly aligned. This paper describes a method that was used for the re-alignment of a guyed tower in Limuru, Kenya. Angular and distance observations, made from two observation points detected a vertical misalignment that was larger than the acceptable tolerance of l/400. An iterative re-alignment procedure was then applied, resulting in an acceptable final misalignment of 1 / 520.
CHEGE DRGITAOGEORGE. "Nguhiu M. and Gitao C.G.1987. Acute cellulitis as a complication of footrot in cattle. Modern Vet. Pract. Vol. 68 No.2, 110-111.". In: World Veterinary Poultry association. D.M.Matheka,T.N kiama; 1987. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu Mwangi,J.A.;Munyua,S.J.M;Mbithi,P.M.F.;Mbiuki,S.M.;Mogoa,E.G.M.(1991). How to improve the prognosis of ventral Abdominal hernias in large animals: .". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1991. Abstract
Seventeen cows of various breeds with varying degrees of severity of advanced ocular squamous cell carcinoma were treated by radical surgery, which included enucleation and extirpation of the surrounding ocular muscles and tissues. The degree of severity and the extent of the carcinoma lesion was correlated with the outcome of treatment for each case. It was observed that: 1. eyeball involvement, 2. ulceration and subsequent infection of carcinoma lesion involving the eyelids and 3. involvement of the regional lymphnodes especially the parotid , are some of the main factors that could be used to draw prognosis of such cases. Although the initial surgery may not be costly, the overall cost of managing postoperative complications is prohibitive and results to vast economic losses that should not be ignored.
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu- Mwangi, J.A.; Gitao, C.G. (1987): Acute cellulitis as a complication of foot rot in cattle.Mod.Vet. Pract. (1987) 68(2) 110-111.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1987. Abstract
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Nguhiu-Mwangi J., Mbithi P.M.F., Wabacha J.K., and Mbuthia P.G. 2012. The Challenges of balancing between productivity and claw health of dairy cows in modernized husbandry in smallholder farming units. In the Proceedings of the Faculty of Veterinary medi.". In: 1994 Apr;71(4):253-5.PMID: 8062774 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. International Scholarly Research Network; 2012. Abstract
The study was carried out between November 2008 and April 2009 to investigate the occurrence and pathology due to Echinostomum revolutum in free-range indigenous chickens. One hundred and fifty six (156) indigenous chickens were purchased from various farms and markets in A thorough post mortem examination was performed on each bird and the isolated worms from the ceaca, large intestines, cloaca and oviduct were identified and quantified. Tissues were collected for histopathology, processed, examined and the severity of the lesions determined. Echinostoma revolutum was recovered in 3/156 (1.9 %) birds examined in the ceaca and large intestines but not in cloaca and oviduct. Affected birds originated from market birds in Kiambu. They caused heamorrhages and typhylo-enteritis in the affected birds. Other worms observed from these organs were Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Heterakis isolonche, Heterakis dispar, Subulura brumpti, Raillietina echinobothrida and Hymenolepis contaniana. The trematodes are reported in Kenya for the first time.
M DRMOGOAEDDYG. "Nguhiu-Mwangi J.A., Kihurani D.O., Mbithi P.M.F., S.M. Mbiuki and Mogoa E.G.M., (1991): Factors used to predict prognosis and economic outcome of surgery for advanced bovine squamous cell carcinoma. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 39: 435-439.". In: The Proceedings of the Kenya Society of Anaesthesilogists. Gitau, W., Ogallo L. A. and Mutemi, J. N.,; 1991. Abstract
M DRMOGOAEDDYG, M DRMUNYUASJ. "Nguhiu-Mwangi J.A., Munyua S.J.M., Mbithi P.M.F., Mbiuki S.M., Mogoa E.G.M., (1991): How to improve the prognosis of ventral abdominal hernias in large animals: modified overlapping technique. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 39: 315-320.". In: The Proceedings of the Kenya Society of Anaesthesilogists. Gitau, W., Ogallo L. A. and Mutemi, J. N.,; 1991. Abstract
M DRMOGOAEDDYG, M DRMUNYUASJ. "Nguhiu-Mwangi J.A., Munyua S.J.M., Mbithi P.M.F., Mbiuki S.M., Mogoa E.G.M., (1991): How to improve the prognosis of ventral abdominal hernias in large animals: modified overlapping technique. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 39: 315-320.". In: Proc. 9th SR-CRSP Scientific Workshop, Nairobi, Kenya. Central artificial Insemination Station Magazine; 1991. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi J.A.; Mbiuki.S.M., Maina, J.N.(1991):Complications, management and prognoses of distal limb wounds in cattle. Bull.Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. (1991)39(3) 299-305.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1991. Abstract
The healing of forty full-thickness skin wounds in the distal parts of the limbs was evaluated in ten experimental calves, and observations were also made in similar wounds of nine clinical cases of cattle. All the wounds were distal to the hock and the carpus. Those in the clinical cases were mainly punctures or small laceration wounds. Septic fetlock arthritis, growth of exuberant granulation tissue, bone periostitis, tendon involvement, cellulitis, necrosis and loss of skin were the ensuing complications in the healing process of these wounds. In some cases, large blood vessels were exposed after skin loss, predisposing them to the risk of rupture and blood loss. These complications were observed to negatively influence the prognosis of wounds of the distal parts of the limbs and grossly affected the performance of eh animal as a whole. Proper management of these wounds to avoid the complications and improve the prognosis included shaving liberally round the wounds, thorough wound cleansing, topical antisepsis, dressing and bandaging to protect and immobilize the wound area and also included a course of systemic antibiotics.
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi, J. and Tsigadi, S.A. Categorizing Wounds to Improve Clinical Management and Prognostic Outcome: A Retrospective Study Kenya Veterinarian: vol 30 (issue 2), 2006).". In: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biennial Conference. 2004 Kabete Nairobi. University of Nairobi; 2006. Abstract
Trauma and surgeries are common causes of wounds that require proper management to prevent complications, economic losses, pain and suffering, death or euthanasia of the affected animals. A retrospective study of 243 wounds in cattle, sheep and goats treated between 1981 and 2006 is described. It describes practical clinical methods of categorizing and correlating wounds based on their management, complications, and prediction of prognosis. Location of a wound in the body is one of the most important factors that determine the mode of management, possible complications and anticipated outcome. Approximately 22% of the wounds were located on the ventral abdomen and thoracic regions and these healed rapidly due to good drainage of exudates. Periarticular and articular wounds constituted 17.3% and required protective and supportive bandages to prevent contamination and minimize movement. Wounds in areas prone to gross contamination constituted 14.3%, took long to heal and had a high incidence of suture dehiscence. The type of wound meant the state in which it was, while the level of tissues involved determined depth. About 46.1% of wounds involved areas with scarcity of tissue and healed slowly, while sepsis and abscessation formed 39.2% of the wounds and healed after prolonged treatment. Wounds involving dense muscular tissue were 23.6% and these healed within 3 weeks of treatment, but skin-deep wounds made 6.7% and healed within 2 weeks. Those involving the bone were 4.5% and took an average of 16 weeks to heal. Bites and gangrenous wounds were unmanageable and frequently resulted in high patient mortality, while partially granulating wounds healed rapidly. Wounds penetrating to any body cavity were best managed closed rather than open. Effective wound management-entailed debridement of deep-seated necrotic tissue, removal of foreign materials or special surgery to enhance drainage. The complicating factors included presence of subcutaneous emphysema, oedema, sepsis, foreign bodies, maggots and abscesses. Location, type and depth of wounds are therefore useful factors for categorizing wounds and these factors influence management and prognostic outcomes.
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Nguhiu-Mwangi, J., Mbithi, P.M.F., Wabacha, J.K. and Mbuthia, P.G. 2007. Prevalence of sole haemorrhages and its correlation with subclinical laminitis in dairy cows. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 55 (4): 232-243.". In: Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa; 2007. Abstract
Ectoparasitism is an important factor associated with poor production of village indigenous chickens. A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites in free ranging indigenous chicken from two different agro-ecological zones: Lower highland 1 (LH1) in Embu District and Lower midland 5 (LM5) in Mbeere District, Kenya. A total of 144 chickens of matched age (chicks, growers and adults) and sex groups were examined for the presence of ectoparasites. Of these, 138 (95.8%) had one or more types of ectoparasites, namely; lice, mites, fleas and soft ticks. One thirty one birds had lice, 107 mites, 42 sticktight fleas and 8 had soft ticks. Of the 138 infested birds, 25 had single while 113 had mixed infestations. Lice were the most prevalent parasites. The study documents Epidermoptes species, Laminosioptes cysticola and Megninia species for the first time in Africa as well as Lipeurus caponis and Goniodes gigas in Kenya. All adult birds were infected with ectoparasites followed by 97.7% grower and 89.6% chicks. Both male and female birds had same prevalence (95.8%) of ectoparasites. Lower midland 5 had a slightly higher prevalence of ectoparasites (98.6%) compared to LH1 (93.1%) though not statistically significant. Parasite intensity was significantly different among age groups of chicken and between agro-ecological zones (p<0.05), but not between sexes of birds (p>0.05). Because of the high prevalence of ectoparasites revealed by this study, it is imperative that integrated control strategies need to be put in place to improve chicken productivity and enhance smallholder livelihood in these areas.
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Nguhiu-Mwangi, J., Mbithi, P.M.F., Wabacha, J.K. and Mbuthia, P.G. 2008. Factors associated with occurrence of claw disorders in dairy cows under smallholder production systems in urban and peri-urban areas of Nairobi, Kenya. Veterinarski Arhiv, 78 (4): 3.". In: Veterinarski Arhiv. Veterinarski Arhiv; 2008. Abstract
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Nguhiu-Mwangi, J., Mbithi, P.M.F., Wabacha, J.K. and Mbuthia, P.G. 2008. Laminitis in cattle: An insidious but devastating claw disease syndrome affecting productivity of the dairy cow. 2008 JKUAT Scientific Conference on Agriculture and Value Addition. p.". In: JKUAT Scientific Conference on Agriculture and Value Addition. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology; 2008. Abstract
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Nguhiu-Mwangi, J., Mbithi, P.M.F., Wabacha, J.K. and Mbuthia, P.G. 2008. Prognostic indicators and the importance of trimming in non-infective claw disorders in cattle. The Kenyan Veterinarian, 32 (1): 26 -40.". In: The Kenyan Veterinarian. The Kenyan Veterinarian; 2008. Abstract
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Nguhiu-Mwangi, J., Mbithi, P.M.F., Wabacha, J.K. and Mbuthia, P.G. 2008. The status and effects of laminitis on claw health of dairy cows in smallholder units in Nairobi and the peri-urban districts. A paper presented at the 6th biennial Scientific Confer.". In: 6th biennial Scientific Conference and Exhibition, FVM, UON. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi; 2008. Abstract
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Nguhiu-Mwangi, J., Mbithi, P.M.F., Wabacha, J.K. and Mbuthia, P.G. 2009. Prevalence of laminitis and the patterns of claw lesions in dairy cows in Nairobi and the peri-urban districts. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 57: 199-208.". In: Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa; 2009. Abstract
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Nguhiu-Mwangi, J., P.M.F. Mbithi, J.K. Wabacha, and P.G. Mbuthia 2007. Radiographic features of laminitis claws of dairy cows around Nairobi. The Kenyan Veterinarian, 31 (2): 72 -78.". In: The Kenyan Veterinarian. The Kenyan Veterinarian; 2007. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi, J.A. (1986): which toxic factors cause death during small bowel obstruction: Vet.Med.( 1986) 81(11): 1020,1022,1024-1025.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1986. Abstract
O. PROFKIHURANIDAVID. "Nguhiu-Mwangi, J.A., Gathumbi, P.K., Kihurani, D.O., Mbithi, P.M.F. and Mbiuki, S.M. (1989): Atypical (cutaneous) Actinobacillosis in cattle: Clinical observations, diagnosis and treatment in eighteen cases. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Afr.". In: Proceedings of the first annual scientific conference of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi. Philosophical Issues Invoked by Shona People; 1989. Abstract
O. PROFKIHURANIDAVID. "Nguhiu-Mwangi, J.A., Kihurani, D.O., Mbithi, P.M.F. and Mbiuki, S.M. (1990): Prognosis indicators and economic implications of advanced bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma after radical surgery, The Kenya Veterinarian, 14:23-25.". In: Proceedings of the 3rd Geneva Congress of Equine Medicine and Surgery, and 3rd Congress of the World Equine Veterinary Association (WEVA), Geneva, 7-11 December, 1993, Swiss Vet 11-S/ 1993, p. 184. Philosophical Issues Invoked by Shona People; 1990. Abstract
Equines are particularly susceptible to infection with Trypanosoma evansi and T. brucei, but rarely is natural T. congolense and T. vivax infection seen in horses. An outbreak of trypanosomosis occurred in a herd of horses used for patrolling the pineapple fields on the Del Monte Farm, Thika, Kenya, initially involving 6 horses. On subsequent screening of the entire group, T. brucei, T. congolense and T. vivax infections were detected in 16 of the 35 horses. The tests used for diagnosis included microscopic examination of stained blood smears, buffy coat technique, mouse inoculation and antigen detection enzyme immunoassay ( antigen ELISA ).
O. PROFKIHURANIDAVID. "Nguhiu-Mwangi, J.A., Kihurani, D.O., Mbithi, P.M.F. Mbiuki, S.M. and Mogoa,E.G.M. (1991): Factors used to predict prognosis and economic outcome of surgery for advanced ocular squamous cell carcinoma. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. 39.". In: Proceedings of the 3rd Geneva Congress of Equine Medicine and Surgery, and 3rd Congress of the World Equine Veterinary Association (WEVA), Geneva, 7-11 December, 1993, Swiss Vet 11-S/ 1993, p. 184. Philosophical Issues Invoked by Shona People; 1991. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi, J.A.; Byagagaire S.D.(1989);Analgesia for bone resection: The use of Rompun and local Anaesthetics. Sing Vet.J.(1989)13:75.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1989. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi, J.A.; Mbithi, P.M.F. (1990): Anaesthesia in urinary tract disease. The Kenya Veterinary (1990) 14:28-31.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1990. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi,J.A,; Byagagaire, S.D.(1990).Feasibility and prognosis of limb amputation in cattle and a goat. Bull Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. (1990)28:391-393.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1990. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi,J.A,;Gathumbi,P.K.;Kihurani,D.O.;Mbithi,P.M.F.;Mbiuki,S.M.(1989): Atypical (Cutaneous) actinobacillosis in cattle: Clinical observation , diagnosis and treatment in eighteen cases. Bull.Anim.Hlth.Prod. Afr. (1989) pp 119-121.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1989. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi,J.A.(1988):Excessive fibrotic periostitis as a complication of distal limb abscess in a cow .Mod.Vet. Pract. (1988)69(2) 98-99.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1988. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi,J.A.; Byagagaire, S.D. (1989): Effective management of severe ocular wound sepsis in cattle. Bull anim.Hlth.Prod.Afr.( 1989) 37:47-49.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1989. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi,J.A.; Byagagaire, S.D.(1988):Unusual cause of acute frothy bloat and complications of rumen puncture. Mod.Vet. Pract.(1988) 69 (1)33-34.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1988. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi,J.A.; Kihurani,D.O., Mbithi,P.M.F, Mbiuki,S.M.(1990):Prognosis indicators and economic implications of advanced Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma after radical surgery. The Kenya Veterinarian (1990) 14:23-25.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1990. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi,J.A.; Mbithi,P.M.F.(1989).Effect of location on severity and prognosis of limb cellulitis in six cows. Vet.Rec. (1989)125:151-152.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1989. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi,J.A.;Kihurani, D.O.;Mbithi, P.M.F.;Mbiuki,S.M.;Mogoa. E.G.M (1991): Factors used to predict prognosis and economic outcome of surgery for advanced bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma. Bull Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. (1991) 39(4)435 -439.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1991. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi,J.A.;Mbiuki,S.M.;Mutwiri,G.K.(1991).Bovine carpal hygroma: Involvement of extensor carpi radials and facilitated surgical excision. Bull.Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr.(1991)39(3) 293-297.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1991. Abstract
NGUHIU DRMWANGIJAMESA. "Nguhiu-Mwangi,J.A.;Munyua,S.J.M,;Mbithi,P.M.F.( 1990): Ways of improving the prognosis of ventral hernias in food animals. The Kenya Veterinarian (1990) 14: 20-22.". In: issueProceedings of the 5th Biennial Scientific conference, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, September 6th . University of Nairobi; 1990. Abstract
ANGELINE DRAYWAK. "Nguku SW, Wanyoike-Gichuhi J, Aywak AA.Biophysical profile scores and resistance indices of the umbilical artery as seen in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension. East Afr Med J. 2006 Mar;83(3):96-101.". In: East Afr Med J. 2006 Mar;83(3):96-101.; 2006. Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The role of Biophysical Profile Score and resistive index of the umbilical artery for monitoring pre-eclampsia patients. DESIGN: Descriptive prospective study. SETTING: Kenyatta National Hospital and Mater Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. SUBJECTS: One hundred and ten cases during a three month period. RESULTS: Normal biophysical profile scores were found in 93 (84.5%), and 17 (17.5%) cases had abnormal scores ranging from mild to severe foetal distress. Resistive index of umbilical artery (RI-UA) were normal in 72 (66.1%) and high resistive index accounted for 33.9%. Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) was a prominent finding accounting for 30.5%. A positive relationship was shown to exist between IUGR and RI-UA and also with severity of hypertension with P-values < 0.05. Resistive index of umbilical artery was positively related to the duration of illness confirming its dependence on chronicity (P = 0.004). Resistive index of umbilical artery proved to be an earlier indicator of foetal compromise before any foetal distress becomes obvious. CONCLUSION: Regular obstetrical ultra sound foetal surveillance in pre-eclampsia patients is important for foetal wellbeing. Doppler evaluation of high risk patients is more sensitive test than the biophysical profile score. PMID: 16771106 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
MWIVANDI DRKINAMAJ. "Nguluu, S.N., Ikombo, B.M., Kinama, J.M., Wambua, J.M., Karanja, D., Kitheka, A., Njuguna, E., Ndunda, Rundiri, L. and Nzioka,M. (1997). Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) for Kiomo sub-location of Mwingi District to identify and prioritise the farmers p.". In: Proc. of Soil Science Society of East Africa (SSSEA) held in Kampala, Uganda, Sept.1999. (ISBN No 9966-879-27-7) pp. 220-226. University of nairobi; 1997. Abstract
Abstract in Bellamy, M. and B. Greenshields (eds), Issues in Agricultural Development: Sustainability and Cooperation. IAAE Occasional Paper No. 6. Dartmouth Publishing Co. Ltd, Aldershot.
MUCUNU DRMBARIAJ. "Nguta, J.M., J.M. Mbaria, D.W. Gakuya, P.K. Gathumbi, J. D. Kabasa, S.G. Kiama: Cytotoxicicity of antimalarial plant extracts from Kenyan biodiversity to Brine Shrimp, Artemia salina L. (Artemiidae).". In: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 8th Biennial Scientific Conference, and 46th Kenya Veterinary Association Annual Scientific Conference. Dar-es-salaam University Press (DUP) in 1996.; 2012.
O. PROFOCHANDAJAMES. "Nguu E.K., Olembo, N.K and Osir, E.O Isolation and characterization of lipophorin from Adult tsetse fly haemolymph J.Comp.Phys. and Biochem. Vol 998 No. 4, pp. 811-814.". In: Scand J Immunol Suppl. 1992;11:41-7. East African Medical Journal; 1991. Abstract
The haemolymph of the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans, contains a high (lipophorin) and a low molecular weight protein of high densities, 1.11 and 1.29 g/ml, respectively. The purification of the proteins was achieved by a combination of density gradient ultracentrifugation and reported gel permeation chromatography. The lipophorin is of high molecular weight (M(r) integral of 600,000) and consists of two apoproteins, apolipophorin I (M(r) integral of 250,000) and apolipophorin II (M(r) integral of 80,000) both of which are glycosylated. Lipophorin also has a pI of 6.1. However, electrophoresis under non-denaturing and denaturing conditions showed the low molecular weight protein to be a single polypeptide chain (M(r) integral of 23,000). Amino acid analysis revealed a relatively high content of the acidic amino acids as well as serine and glycine. The protein contained lipids as shown by Sudan Black staining but was unglycosylated. Using rabbit antiserum against the isolated protein in immunodiffusion and immunoblotting experiments, no cross-reactivity was detected with haemolymph samples from insects representing six orders. In conclusion, the finding of lipophorin suggests that, although flies primarily utilize proline for their energy needs, there is an active transport mechanism for the supply of lipid requirements. However, the results for the low molecular weight protein indicate that the protein is unique to Glossina, suggesting that it may have an important role in the physiology of this insect and is therefore a significant target for vector management.
KINYUA DRNGUUEDWARD. "Nguu EK, Osir EO, Imbuga MO, Olembo NK.The effect of host blood in the in vitro transformation of bloodstream trypanosomes by tsetse midgut homogenates.Med Vet Entomol. 1996 Oct;10(4):317-22.". In: Med Vet Entomol. 1996 Oct;10(4):317-22. Kisipan, M.L.; 1996. Abstract
Midgut homogenates prepared from Glossina morsitans morsitans, that had previously been fed on different host blood samples, were tested for their abilities to transform bloodstream Trypanosoma brucei into procyclic (midgut) forms in vitro. Compared to rat and goat blood samples, eland blood had the least capacity to support trypanosome transformation, whereas buffalo blood showed intermediate capacity. Fractionation of rat blood showed the importance of the cellular portion since both rat and eland red blood cells (RBCs) supported the process. Virtually no transformation was observed in rat and eland plasma or serum fractions. Suspending rat blood cells in eland plasma led to a reduction in parasite transformation rates. Further experiments showed that the RBC membranes were also capable of supporting the process. These results clearly show the important role played by blood, especially the red blood cells, in the transformation of bloodstream trypanosomes. In addition, the low transformation rates observed in eland blood is due to an inhibitory factor(s) present in the plasma fraction.
O. PROFOCHANDAJAMES, O. PROFOCHANDAJAMES. "Nguu, E.K., Ochanda , J.O., Osir, E.O and Olembo, N.K: Isolation and properties of a 23 KD haemolymph protein from tsetsefly G.M morsitan. Sci. Applic.Vol. 13, No 2: pp 189-197.". In: Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1993 Jun;105(2):309-16. East African Medical Journal; 1992. Abstract
1. Larval development in Glossina species occurs in utero with the mature third instar larva being deposited after a developmental period of 7 days. 2. In this study, the patterns of cuticular protein synthesis during larval development were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 3. From the results, four types of cuticle proteins were identified: those specific to larval, pupal and adult cuticles, and others common to all the stages. 4. Few cuticular proteins were synthesized between the first and second larval instars. By the third larval instar (two days before larviposition), a large number of proteins (Mr < or = 30 kDa) were induced. These proteins persisted up to the brown pupal stage and showed a rapid decline thereafter. Most of the proteins with molecular weights Mr < or = 30 kDa were undetectable at apolysis (5 days after larviposition). 5. By day 15 of the pupal stage, the number of cuticle proteins was very small. The protein profile during the pupal stages remained relatively constant. This was probably due to the fact that the pupal cuticle does not provide any protection since it is itself enclosed at all times within the protective puparium.
O. PROFOCHANDAJAMES. "Nguu, E.K., Ochanda,J.O., Osir, E.O and Olembo, N.K; Purification and properties of a low molecular weight lipoprotein from adul tsetse fly haemolymph.". In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Medical Scientific Conference, Nairobi, Kenya. East African Medical Journal; 1990. Abstract
Lipophorin was isolated from the haemolymph of adult tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans, by ultracentrifugation in a potassium bromide density gradient. 2. The tsetse fly lipophorin (Mr congruent to 600,000) has a density of congruent to 1.11 g/ml and consists of two apoproteins, apolipophorin-I (apoLp-I, Mr congruent to 250,000) and apolipophorin-II (apoLp-II, Mr congruent to 80,000), both of which are glycosylated as shown by staining with periodate-Schiff reagent. The protein complex is composed of 49% protein and 51% lipids. 3. The finding of lipophorin in tsetse fly haemolymph suggests that, although these flies primarily utilize proline for their energy needs, there is an active transport mechanism for the supply of lipid requirements.
Wamitila KW. Nguvu ya Sala. Nairobi: Longhorn Publishers; 1999.
OMOLO PROFWANGOEMMANUEL. "Ngwena A.G.M., Patel N.B. and Wango E.O. (1996). Luteinising hormone levels in Trypanosoma congolense infected goats.". In: First Pan African Conference on Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nairobi,Kenya. Abstr. B-10. EM Ngatia, LW Gathece, FG Macigo, TK Mulli, LN Mutara, EG Wagaiyu.; 1996. Abstract
SUMMARY LIII)' lIIorpllOlogiClI changcs ill the goat ,csris after:. sillgle illlraperilOlieal injec,ioll of ethalle ,lillie' I.:lIIeslll"llOnarc (EI )S) werc investigatcd mint; (1Orh liglH alld deCll'On microscopy. The (olllpolind was ;almillistered at two dose Icvels: 75 mgll
MARY DROMOSA. "Ng\.". In: Research Teaser: Mainstreaming Chronic Poverty. IDS Policy Brief Issue No. 2. Nairobi:. Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences(PMMS); 2003. Abstract
"Ng'ang'a, P.W., Miano, D.W., Wagacha, J.M. and Kuria, P. 2019. Identification and characterization of causative agents of cassava brown leafspot disease in cassava in Kenya. Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology 7: 1-7. DOI: 10.7324/JABB.2019.70601.". 2019.
"Ng'ayu WG, Ndavi MP, Rogo KO, Wanjala SHM: Association of the Syndrome of Haemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelet Count (HELLP) and Perinatal and Maternal Outcome in Patients with Preeclampsia / Eclampsia at Kenyatta National Hospital ."; 2006.
"Ng'ayu-Wanjau, Beatrice, Rob Melis, Mwangi Githiri, Julia Sibiya, and Paul Kimani. 2016. Development of a breeding method for durable resistance to angular leaf spot in common bean. Euphytica 208: 91-100.". 2016.
Anyango OS, Aloo T, C B, Chin, C. K. "Niche differentiation for improved crop growth and yield in arid and semi arid lands of Kenya. ." African Journal for Environmental studies and development . 2008;Vol 1(no. 1 ISSN: 1995-1329.):24-26.
Orgeig S, Foot NJ, Foot NJ, Kiama SG. "Niche Dimensions in Fishes: An Integrative View Niche Dimensions in Fishes: An Integrative View (pp. 808-826).". 2010.
Mulwa M. "The Niche in Mobile Money Adoptions.". In: AIBUMA 2012 Conference, School of Business University of Nairobi. Kenyatta International Conference Centre (KICC), Nairobi Kenya; 2012.
O. OW. "The Niche of Sociology in the Climate Change Debate." The Professional Journal. 2011;Vol. 3(2):21-26.
PeRRin MR. "Niche separation in African parrots.". In: Proceedings of the 12th Pan-African ornithological congress. Avian Demographic Unit RawsonvilleCape Town; 2008:. Abstract
NZIOKI MRNICKY, WARUE MRSKARIUKICATHERINE. "Nicky Nzioki, Agnes Maganjo, Catherine Kariuki, (1992) A review of current accessibility legislation in Kenya. Report of the CIB Expert Seminar on Building Non-Handicapping Environments, Harare 1992. Independent Living Institute. www.independentliving.org.". In: African Journal of Ecology 46(1):22-29. uon press; 1992. Abstract
Over the last six years there has been a tremendous development of infrastructure projects in virtually all corners of Kenya. This has taken the form of Road Improvement Project, Water and sewerage improvement project and the Electricity Transmission Improvement Project as envisioned in the Kenya Vision 2030. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the principles of compulsory land acquisition and way leaves in the three sectors in Kenya by looking at the current legislative framework governing the entire process of acquisition. In considering the process, the paper explores the various provisions of the relevant act which governs the particular utility envisaged for improvement project component in the Kenya Vision 2030. A critical evaluation of the procedures adopted is outlined in each case and the general public apprehensions towards such acquisitions. The second part of the paper focuses on suggestions on the choice of valuation methodology in making claims for compensation for land for various infrastructure projects in Kenya. This is borne out of the fact that there appear to be very little standardization in the methods adopted by the various bodies. The paper cites several cases under the Electricity Transmission Improvement Project where a large proportion of way leaves are dealt with at local level, with little consistency. Coupled to this is the public concern that electricity lines have potentially serious health effects that continue to attract research and media interest. The paper concludes with a description of the various cases on how to improve compensation paid to those affected by compulsory acquisition in cases of land and way leaves.
NZIOKI MRNICKY, WARUE MRSKARIUKICATHERINE, MURIGU D(MRS) JENNIFER. "Nicky Nzioki, Catherine and Jennifer Murigu (2006), .". In: African Journal of Ecology 46(1):22-29. uon press; 2006. Abstract
NZIOKI MRNICKY, MURIGU D(MRS) JENNIFER. "Nicky Nzioki, Catherine and Jennifer Murigu (2006), .". In: Bristol University, UK, September 1989. University of Nairobi; 2006.
NZIOKI MRNICKY, WARUE MRSKARIUKICATHERINE, MURIGU D(MRS) JENNIFER. "Nicky Nzioki, Catherine and Jennifer Murigu (2006), .". In: Bristol University, UK, September 1989. University of Nairobi; 2006.
Upadhyaya R, Tavasci D, Toporowski J. "Niebyl, Money and Development.". In: SOAS Department of Economics Working paper series 157.; 2008.
O. PROFNDINYA-ACHOLAJ. "Nielson JR, John GC, Carr JK, Lewis P, Kreiss JK, Jackson S, Nduati RW, Mbori-Ngacha D, Panteleef D, Bodrug S, Giachetti C, Bott MA, Richardson BA, Bwayo J, Ndinya-Achola JO, Overbaught Journ. Virol. 73: 4393-4403, 1999.". In: Overbaught Journ. Virol. 73: 4393-4403, 1999. IBIMA Publishing; 1999. Abstract
Untreated maternal syphilis during pregnancy will cause adverse pregnancy outcomes in more than 60% of the infected women. In Nairobi, Kenya, the prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women of 2.9% in 1989, showed a rise to 6.5% in 1993, parallel to an increase of HIV-1 prevalence rates. Since the early 1990s, decentralized STD/HIV prevention and control programmes, including a specific syphilis control programme, were developed in the public health facilities of Nairobi. Since 1992 the prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women has been monitored. This paper reports the findings of 81,311 pregnant women between 1994 and 1997. A total of 4244 women (5.3%) tested positive with prevalence rates of 7.2% (95% CI: 6.7-7.7) in 1994, 7.3% (95% CI: 6.9-7.7) in 1995, 4.5% (95% CI: 4.3-4.8) in 1996 and 3.8% (95% CI: 3.6-4.0) in 1997. In conclusion, a marked decline in syphilis seroprevalence in pregnant women in Nairobi was observed since 1995-96 (P<0.0001, Chi-square test for trend) in contrast to upward trends reported between 1990 and 1994-95 in the same population. PIP: This study presents the trend in syphilis prevalence among 81,311 pregnant women in Nairobi, Kenya, from 1994 to 1997. Clinic nurses performed syphilis serology using a rapid plasma reagin (RPR) card test in 10 NCC clinics and Chi square; these were used to study trends over time. Results showed that a total of 4244 women (5.3%) tested positive with prevalence rates of 7.2% (95% CI: 6.7-7.7) in 1994, 7.3% (95% CI: 6.9-7.7) in 1995, 4.5% (95% CI: 4.3-4.8) in 1996, and 3.8% (95% CI: 3.6-4.0) in 1997. Thus, a significant decrease in syphilis seroprevalence among pregnant women in Nairobi was observed since 1995-96, by contrast with the rising trend in syphilis prevalence reported in 1990 and 1994-95 in the same population. This decline was attributable in large part to the syphilis control program initiated in Nairobi in June 1992, which focused on sexual behavior modifications, changes in health care seeking behavior and improved health care services.
Sambo AS, Iloeje OCJ, Ojosu OJ, Olayande S, Yusuf AO. Nigeria's Experience on the Application of IAEA" s Energy Models (MAED & WASP) for National Energy Planning.; 2006.
M. PROFKYAMBIJ. "Nightingale KW, Ayim EN, Kyambi JM, Amolo JG, Miller JR.The three cases of conjoined twins of Nairobi 1976-1979.East Afr Med J. 1981 Dec;58(12):960-6.". In: East Afr Med J. 1981 Dec;58(12):960-6. East African Orthopaedic Journal; 1981. Abstract
At the beginning of the century, splenectomy was used in the treatment of kala-azar, but now is rarely needed, the major indication being for drug resistant kala-azar. Inadvertent splenectomy prior to the diagnosis of kala-azar continues to occur, probably because of a reluctance to perform splenic aspiration in the investigation of splenomegaly. Five Kenyan children underwent splenectomy for drug resistant kala-azar. All were immediately improved, but one died of overwhelming post splenectomy infection (OPSI) two months later and another of a malignant lymphoma seven months after surgery. The other three patients appear to be cured. Splenectomy was considered in a sixth child with kala-azar because of a Salmonella abscess in the spleen, but the abscess ruptured catastrophically before surgery could be arranged.
KIRTDA DRACHARYAS. "Nijhawan S, Arora A, Acharya SK, Mukhopadhyyay S.Colon carcinoma presenting as a fever of unknown origin.J Clin Gastroenterol. 1991 Apr;13(2):243-4.". In: J Clin Gastroenterol. 1991 Apr;13(2):243-4. The Icfai University Journal of Architecture, Vol. II No.1, February 2010; 1991. Abstract
We describe a case of Budd-Chiari Syndrome due to hepatic venous blockage in which there were multiple space-occupying lesions on CT simulating tumour deposits. Ultrasound directed liver biopsy and laparoscopy proved these to be areas of haemorrhagic necrosis consistent with Budd-Chiari Syndrome without any evidence of malignancy. The CT finding of multiple large focal non-enhancing areas in liver does not always indicate tumour deposits in a patient suspected to have Budd-Chiari Syndrome.
Oloo A. The Nile 'Lone Ranger' in the Nile waters Initiative: The case of Eritrea.; 2011.Website
"Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), Regional Soil Erosion Workshop and Watershed Management.". In: Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), Regional Soil Erosion Workshop and Watershed Management. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2006.
"Nile Basin Initiative micro-grants Regional Capacity-building Workshop.". In: Nile Basin Initiative micro-grants Regional Capacity-building. Cairo Egypt.; 2006.
MARTINON MUMMA-CA. "The Nile Treaty – What Is At Stake? ." IPSTC. 2010.17._the_nile_treaty_-_what_isat_stake_-_ipstc.pdf
Mwiandi M. "The Nile waters: a factor in socio - economic development of Western Kenya, 1959 - 2000.". 2010.Website
MARY MWIANDI. "The Nile waters: a factor in socio-economic development of Western Kenya, 1959-2000.". In: The River Nile in the Post-Colonial Age: Conflict and Cooperation among the Nile Basin Countries . London: I.B. Tauris; 2010.
Dufitumukiza, A., Wanjala, G., Khatete I. "Nine year basic education policy interventions and students' enrolments rates at lower secondary level: A lesson from Rwanda." Journal of Higher Education Policy and Leadership Studies, . 2021;2(1):94-112.
SAMUEL PROFKIBICHO. "Nineteen (19) chapters in African Religion part I (bound lecturers prepared for the Faculty of External Studies, Department of Education, University of Nairobi, ready for publication.". In: Proceedings of 3rd Int. Conf. On bearing capacity of roads and airfields PP 743-756, Trondeihm, Norway. Longhorn; 1990. Abstract
Journal of Civil Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Vol.7 PP
Ajuoga P, Ogacho A, Aduda B, Mwabora JM. Niobium Doped Effects of Doping Concentration on the Optical Properties of. United Kenya Club; 2013. Abstract
The optical band gaps and crystal structure were investigated on niobium doped TiO2 (for atomic niobium concentrations ranging from 0.02 –0.06 at. % in the composite) prepared by high temperature diffusion method. The Nb:TiO2 films displayed an enhanced visible light absorption with a red shift of 18.2 nm of the optical absorption edge from 394 nm for pure TiO2 film to 412.2 nm for 0.04 at. % niobium concentration representing a band gap lowering of 0.181eV due to the donor–type behavior of niobium. As the niobium concentration increased, the enhancement in light absorption at the investigated concentration range goes through a maximum at 0.04 at. % of Nb5+ with minimum band gap of 3.017eV. Despite higher rutilization, at the doping temperature of 850oC used, crystal sizes (39–43 nm) obtained from X-ray diffraction spectra depicted a significant increase in surface areas which is attributed to retardation of anatase - rutile phase transformation caused by Nb:TiO2 matrix.
Nduati RW;, John GC;, Mbori-Ngacha D. "Nipple disease in HIV-1 infected women.". 1999.Website
D PROFJUMAFRANCIS. "Nishiyama Y, Moriyasu M, Ichimaru M, Iwasa K, Kato A, Mathenge SG, Chalo Mutiso PB, Juma FD.Quaternary isoquinoline alkaloids from Xylopia parviflora.Phytochemistry. 2004 Apr;65(7):939-44.". In: Phytochemistry. 2004 Apr;65(7):939-44. UN-HABITAT; 2004. Abstract
From the quaternary alkaloidal fraction of the bark and the root of Xylopia parviflora (Annonaceae), four isoquinoline alkaloids, xylopinidine, dehydrocoreximine, N, N-dimethylanomurine and N-methylphoebine were isolated along with the known compounds, pycnarrhine, lotusine, 6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-isoquinolinium salt, 1,2-dehydroreticuline, (-)-phellodendrine, (+)-tembetarine, (-)-litcubine, (+)-magnoflorine, tetradehydroreticuline, (-)-oblongine, (+)-menisperine, (+)-N-methylcorydine, stepharanine, (+)-xanthoplanine, dehydrodiscretine, jatrorrhizine and palmatine. 3,4-Dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-isoquinolinium and N-methylpurpuerine were isolated as natural products for the first time. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.
D PROFJUMAFRANCIS. "Nishiyama Y, Moriyasu M, Ichimaru M, Iwasa K, Kato A, Mathenge SG, Chalo Mutiso PB, Juma FD.Secondary and tertiary isoquinoline alkaloids from Xylopia parviflora. Phytochemistry. 2006 Dec;67(24):2671-5. Epub 2006 Sep 11.". In: Phytochemistry. 2006 Dec;67(24):2671-5. Epub 2006 Sep 11.Click here to read. UN-HABITAT; 2006. Abstract
From the secondary and tertiary alkaloidal fractions of the root and the bark of Xylopia parviflora (Annonaceae), the isoquinoline alkaloids, 10,11-dihydroxy-1,2-dimethoxynoraporphine and parvinine were isolated, along with 39 known alkaloids. Their structures were determined on the basis of analysis of spectroscopic data.
Wang N, Yu X, Kong Q, Li Z, Li P, Ren X, Peng B, Deng Z, others. "Nisin-loaded polydopamine/hydroxyapatite composites.". 2020. Abstract
Wang N, Yu X, Kong Q, Li Z, Li P, Ren X, Peng B, Deng Z. "Nisin-loaded polydopamine/hydroxyapatite composites: Biomimetic synthesis, and in vitro bioactivity and antibacterial activity evaluations." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2020;602:125101. Abstract
Nguta, J.M. 2019. "Nitrate Poisoning due to Ingestion of Cabbages (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata L.) (Brassicaceae) in Kitui County, Kenya." The Scientific World Journal. 2019;2019:pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8716518.
DR. MISRA ANILK. "Nitrate reductase activity in the roots and leaves of Sorghum biocolor.". In: Kenya J. Sci. and Tech. (B) vol. 7 (1) 23-28,. Departmental seminar; 1986. Abstract
Oyieke H.A. and Misra A.K:
Nguta JM. "Nitrate-nitrite toxicosis associated with duckweed (Portulaca oleracea L.) (Portulacaceae) consumption in a herd of sheep in Kenya." Biomed Biotechnol Res. 2021;5(1):16-20.
KURIA PROFMBUGUASAMUEL. "Nitrates/nitrites and Nitrosamines in foodstuff, and their public health implications. KIFST bulletin No. May 1982.". In: AFS/UNU workshop on Development of Indigenous Fermented foods and food technology in Africa, 14 18 Octobe3r 1985. Douala Cameroon. The Icfai University Journal of Architecture, Vol. II No.1, February 2010; 1982. Abstract
Nine patients with acute liver failure due to Plasmodium falciparum liver injury admitted to the Rajgarhia Liver Unit of the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences during 1982-84 are presented. The liver was palpable in all the patients, and eight had splenomegaly. Investigations revealed mild to moderate abnormality in liver function tests. All were negative for the markers of acute infection due to hepatitis A and B viruses. Blood film examination showed P. falciparum alone in seven and along with P. vivax in the remaining two patients. Liver histology, which was identical in all eight patients where liver biopsy was done, showed centrizonal necrosis and hyperplastic Kupffer cells loaded with malarial pigment. All the patients recovered with specific anti-malarial and supportive treatment. Our observations suggest that malaria due to P. falciparum may present as jaundice and encephalopathy which stimulates acute hepatic failure due to fulminant hepatitis.
Ochwang'i DO, Kimwele CN, Rice N, Kiama S. Nitric oxide synthase 3 gene transcriptional regulation in pulmonary myofibroblast differentiation and its implication in pulmonary fibrosis. CAVS,Nairobi; 2010.
Patel NB. "Nitric oxide: A new biological messenger." East African Medical Journal. 1994;17:75-76.
Kwena KM, Karuku GN, Ayuke FO, Esilaba AO. "Nitrogen Deficiency in Semi-Arid Kenya: Can Pigeon pea fix it?? EAAFRO J. Vol 83 Issue 4: 322-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/00128325.2019.1658696. Taylor & Francis Publishers.". 2019.
Eunice G, Gachene CKK, Jesse TN, Omondi SM. "Nitrogen Fixation by Natural Populations of Acacia Senegal in the Drylands of Kenya Using 15N Natural Abundance.". 2013. Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fixation was estimated for three Acacia senegal (L.) (A. senegal) Willd. varieties (A. senegal var. senegal, kerensis, and leiorhachis) growing naturally in different sites in the dryland areas of Kenya. The quantities of N2 fixed were estimated by the 15N natural abundance method, using leaves as the sampling material. Balanites aegyptiaca (B. aegyptiaca) was selected as the reference species growing in the same area. Soil samples were also collected under A. senegal trees for nodule assessment. Leaf 15N natural abundance values (δ15N) were significantly different between A. senegal and B. aegyptiaca. These values averaged 6.35, 4.67, and 3.03% for A. senegal var. kerensis, leiorhachis, and senegal, respectively, and were lower than those of the adjacent reference species. There were also significant differences in the amount of N2 fixed (%Ndfa) among the varieties. A. senegal var. senegal showed the highest levels of N2 fixation with a mean of 36% while A. senegal var. kerensis and leiorhachis had equal estimates of 25%. However, no nodules were observed in the collected soil samples. Leaf N values were significantly different among the varieties with a mean of 2.73, 2.46, and 4.03% for A. senegal var. kerensis, leiorhachis, and senegal, respectively. This study shows that the three varieties of A. senegal are able to fix N2 in their natural ecosystems and the differences could probably be due to soil properties and nutrient availability under the different environments. The species can hence be utilized as plantations in agriculture and land rehabilitation programs.
Dommergues Y, Keya SO, Freire J, Diem Hoang G, Dreyfus B. "Nitrogen fixation in tropical agriculture and forestry.". 1987. Abstract
Nitrogen compounds comprise from 40 to 50 percent of the dry matter of protoplasm, the living substance of plant cells. For this reason, nitrogen is required in large quantities by growing plants and is indeed the key to soil fertility. Non-nitrogen-fixing plants, for example cereals, obtain all the nitrogen they need from the soil. In Senegalese conditions this uptake was estimated to be as follows: 79-132 kg N ha/crop for pearl millet; 74-84 kg N ha/crop for rice; 134 kg N hdcrop for sorghum; and 121-139 kg N ha/crop for maize. Nitrogen-fixing plants, essentially legumes, take a part of the nitrogen they require from the atmosphere, the other part being provided by the soil."
Amare A;, Birhanu A;, Keya SO. "Nitrogen fixation in two Phaseolus vulgaris varieties at different rates of inoculation."; 1985.
Chemining'wa1 GN, Mwangi2 PW, MMWK, George N. Chemining'wa1*, Peter W. Mwangi2 MM3 JM2WKG. "Nitrogen fixation potential and residual effects of selected." International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR). 2013;Vol. 3(No. 2):14-20, 2013.2013-nitrogen_fixation_potential_and_residual_effects_of_selected4.pdf
Chemining'wa GN, Mwangi PW, Mburu MWK, Mureithi JG. "Nitrogen fixation potential and residual effects of selected grain legumes in a Kenyan soil." International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research . 2013;3(2):14-20.nitrogen_fixation_potential_and_residual_effects_of_selected.pdf
Karuku GN, Mochoge BO. "Nitrogen forms in three Kenyan soils Nitisols, Luvisols and Ferralsols. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research. Vol: -4 No-10:17-30. International Educative Research Foundation and Publisher. www.ijier.net. Oct 31, 2016.". 2016.
Keya SO, Ssali H. "Nitrogen level and cultivar effects on nodulation, dinitrogen fixation and yield of grain legumes: I. Cowpea cultivars.". 1985. Abstract
N fixation was studied by the 15N method in Vigna unguiculata cv. ERI-2, Vita 4 and Machakos 74 grown in a field which had been fallow for 3 years and given 20 or 100 kg N/ha. The higher N rate reduced nodulation in all cv., with effects differing somewhat between cv., and increased DM and N yield/plant and uptake of non-fertilizer soil N, with least and greatest effect in cv. ERI-2 and Machakos 74, resp. The amount of N fixed was 50.5, 73.7 and 60.7 kg/ha at the low N rate and was 69.7, 74.5 and 100% lower at the high N rate in the 3 cv., resp.
NJOMO MRKARUKUGEORGE. "Nitrogen Mineralization potential ((No), mineralization rate constant (K) and time taken for half of the mineralizable nitrogen to be mineralized in four Kenya soils (Luvisols, Andosols, Ferralsols and.". In: East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal. EAMJ; 1998. Abstract
This study uses CROPWAT model to predict water use in rainfed agriculture and simulate irrigation requirement for tomato production in Kabete Field Station. The model predicted increased irrigation requirement for tomato crop of 33.1, 28.1 and 36.6 mm water, in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd 10-day periods of development stage, respectively. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) requirements by tomato crop were predicted at 456.5 mm for the short rainy season while actual evapotranspiration (ETa) was 232.1 mm for the short rains giving a yield response factor of 0.49. The model suggested an addition of 253.7 mm of irrigation water in order to realize optimal tomato yields as the crop experienced an irrigation deficiency of 48.8%. The moisture deficit at harvest was 63.6 mm of water which resulted in total yield reduction of 51.3%. In relation to actual yields calculated, the mean potential optimal tomato yields in the study area were 23.3 Mg/ha with proper soil management and adequate water supply. The suggested supply system was at 10 days irrigation interval/stage where the soils were irrigated just below or above field capacity. Rainfall losses and irrigation requirements would be reduced to 41.9 and 267.7 mm, with minimum water deficit at harvest of 15.5 mm and an irrigation efficiency of 100%. At this point, ETa would equal ETm and optimal tomato yield would be obtained with yield losses predicted at 0.1%. Yield gap analysis revealed that radiation, sunshine and temperature are favourable for crop production, but the heavy dependence on rainfall makes the area very vulnerable to drought.
and GKN, Mochoge BO. "Nitrogen Mineralization Potential (No) in Three Kenyan Soils, Nitisols, Ferralsols and Luvisols." Journal of Agricultural Science. 2018;10(4).
Karuku GN, Odhiambo JJ, Mochoge BO. "Nitrogen Mineralization potential (No), mineralization rate constant (K) and time taken for half of the mineralizable nitrogen to be mineralized in four Kenya soils (Luvisols, Andosols, Ferralsols and Nitisols.". In: 11th AGM of the SSSEA. Kampala, Uganda; 1991.
Orenge CO, Mathiu. PM, Mbugua PN. "Nitrogen Retention As An Indicator Of Metabolic Utilization Of Nitrogen In Three Months Old Ostrich Chicks ( Struthio Camelus Massaicus).". 2002.
Kitonyo OM, Sadras VO, Zhou Y, Denton MD. "Nitrogen supply and sink demand modulate the patterns of leaf senescence in maize." Field Crops Research. 2018;225:92-103.
Kibunja CN, Mugendi DN, Mwaura FB, Salema MP. Nitrogen transformations in a long term maize bean cropping system amended with repeated applications of organic and inorganic nutrient sources.; 2004.
K DRMBURUMARYWAMBUI, S PROFIGONSANGWASHIBAIRO. "Nitrogen use in maize-pigeonpea intercrop in semiarid conditions of Kenya.". In: Paper presented in the International Edible Legume (IELC)/4th World Cowpea Congress held on 17 . University of Nairobi; 2005. Abstract
Kent papers in POlitics and International Relations, Series 4, No. 4.
K DRMBURUMARYWAMBUI, S PROFIGONSANGWASHIBAIRO. "Nitrogen use in maize-pigeonpea intercrop in semiarid conditions of Kenya.". In: Paper presented in the International Edible Legume (IELC)/4th World Cowpea Congress held on 17 . Taylor & Francis; 2005. Abstract
Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Hepatocellular carcinoma results when cancerous cells are localized in the liver. It is distributed globally with high prevalence in sub-Saharan African, southern Asia, China and Japan. Diagnosis is experimental and in many cases inaccurate due to unreliability of markers. Prognosis is poor and the cost of treatment prohibitive. Conventional radiation and chemotherapy lead to loss of hair, fertility and general weakening of the body`s immune system increasing a patient`s risk to infection. These observations underscore the need for improved, or additional methods of cancer diagnosis and management. We investigated the effect of polysaccharide rich Pleurotus pulmonarius fruit body extracts on progression of chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma in CBA mice. Addition of Pleurotus pulmonarius extracts in diet delayed progression of carcinogenesis suggesting that these extracts may be useful as adjuvants to conventional cancer therapies. Key words: carcinogenesis; mice; mushroom extracts; pleurotus pulmunarius Corresponding author: Ms Carolyne Wasonga, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya. E-mail: carox27@yahoo.ca Charles O.A. Omwandho, Susanne E. Gruessner, John Falconer, Hans-R Tinneberg, Timothy K. Roberts. IS OVINE PLACENTAL IGG TOXIC TO HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD NATURAL KILLER CELLS?
KIIRU PROFMUCHUGUDH. ""Niyi Osundare: Cautious Paths through the Bramble: A Critical Classification of Style Theories and Concepts," The African Book Publishing Record 2005/4: 325.". In: The African Book Publishing Record 2005/4: 325. Philosophical Issues Invoked by Shona People; 2005. Abstract
The article examines some preponderant elements that create an impression that Ngugi wa Thiong'o's novel, Devil on the Cross, is orally narrated. More often than not associated with oral discourse, these elements are the narrative voice, biblical allusions, oral literature and the confessional mode. As a result of preponderant oral elements in a form of written discourse, there is not only intersection between oral and written discourse but also an interface between the two modes of transmission of literary works, oral and written, in the novel. Consequently, the article calls for further research into the implications this interface has for the two modes of transmission of literary works.
KIIRU PROFMUCHUGUDH. ""Niyi Osundare: Two Plays," The African Book Publishing Record XXXIII/2/2007: 120.". In: The African Book Publishing Record XXXIII/2/2007: 120. Philosophical Issues Invoked by Shona People; 2007. Abstract
This essay looks at Somali oral poetry, using poetry now committed to writing primarily from B. W. Andrzejewski and I. M. Lewis
KARURI PROFGATHUMBIPETER. "NJAGI JOAN MURUGI, NGUGI MATHEW PIERO, KIBITI CROMWELL MWITI, NGERANWA N. J. JOSEPH, NJAGIELIUD N. MWANIKI, NJUE M. WILSON, MAINA DAVID AND GATHUMBI PETER KARURI HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECTS OF CAESALPINIA VOLKENSII ON ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC MICE.". In: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Vol 5, Suppl 2, 2012, 69-74. Muravej S, Gathece LW; 2012. Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder caused by inherited and/or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin produced by the target cells. Most conventional therapies for the management of type II diabetes include oral hypoglycemic drugs, exercise, diet and physical intervention therapies such as Acupuncture. Insulin is used in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs are expensive and have numerous side effects. Through ages different communities have used medicinal herbs for diabetes mellitus management. Today herbal remedies are gaining popularity because the efficacy of conventional medicine ison the wane. This study was designed to bioscreen aqueous leaf extracts of Caesalpinia volkensii for its hypoglycemic potential. Its in vivo toxicity was also evaluated. Ethnobotanical and pharmacological information on the plant was gathered from the local traditional herbal practitioner. The three tested dose levels (50, 100, and 150mg/kg body weight) lowered blood glucose levels appreciably. Phytochemical screening results show that the aqueous extract has phytochemicals associated with antidiabetic activity. The analysis of trace metal composition of the aqueous extracts showed that it contained Manganese, Iron, Copper, Zinc, Magnesium, Molybdenum, Chromium and Vanadium, all of which aid in lowering blood glucose levels. Preliminary in vivo histopathological analysis established that the extracts had no toxic effects on the organs and tissues. The study has established that the aqueous leaf extracts of Caesalpinia volkensii are effective and safe for management of diabetes mellitus.Keywords: Caesalpinia volkensii, in vivo toxicity, antidiabetic activit
C PROFBEBORALILLY. "Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2004): Carrier status for Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria species in free-range farm and market, healthy indigenous chickens and ducks. E.A. Medical Journal 81(10):529.". In: Avian Pathology. Taylor & Francis; 2004.
C PROFBEBORALILLY. "Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2004): Sensitivity of Listeria species, recovered from indigenous chickens, to antibiotics and disinfectants. E.A. Medical Journal 81(10):534-537.". In: Avian Pathology. Taylor & Francis; 2004.
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mbuthia P.G. and Minga U.M. 2012. Effect of immunosuppression on Newcastle disease virus persistence in ducks with different immune status. International Scholarly Research Network in Veterinary Science (ISRN), Volume .". In: 1994 Apr;71(4):253-5.PMID: 8062774 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. International Scholarly Research Network; 2012. Abstract
This study was carried out to verify the possibility that ducks are sources of Newcastle disease (ND) virus infection for chickens in mixed flocks. Immunosuppressed (IS) and non immunosuppressed (NIS) birds, at three different antibody levels (medium, low and absent) were used; the titres having been induced through vaccination, and Immunosuppression done using dexamethazone. Each of the 3 respective groups was further divided into 2 groups of about 12 ducks each: one challenged with velogenic ND virus; the other not challenged. Selected ducks fromall groups had their antibody titres monitored serially using hemagglutination inhibition test, while two birds from each of the challenged groups were killed and respective tissues processed for ND viral recovery, using chicken embryo fibroblasts. In general, antibody titres of IS and NIS challenged ducks were significantly higher than their unchallenged counterparts (P<0.05). Non-challenged pre-immunised ducks had a progressive decrease in antibody levels; non-immunised ducks did not seroconvert. Newcastle disease virus was isolated from livers and kidneys of the challenged ducks throughout the experimental period; indicating a possibility of viral excretion, especially when the birds are stressed. It, therefore, provides another possible model of viral circulation within mixed flocks.
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Njagi, L. W., P.N.Nyaga, P.G.Mbuthia, L. C. bebora, J.N. michieka, J.K.kibe and U.M.Minga. 2010. Prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in village indigenous chickens in varied agro-ecological zones in Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural development 22 (05.". In: Livestock Research for Rural development. Livestock Research for Rural Development; 2010. Abstract
bstract Localization of Newcastle disease viral nucleoprotein and pathological lesions was evaluated in tissues of 55 indigenous ducks (45 experimentally infected and 10 sentinel ones). In addition, ten Newcastle disease infected chickens were used to ensure that the virus inoculum administered to the ducks produced the disease in chickens, the susceptible hosts. Ducks were killed on day 1, 4, 8 and 14 post-infection. Postmortem examination was done with six tissues (liver, spleen, lung, caecal tonsils, kidneys and brain) being collected from each bird. The tissues were preserved in 10% neutral formalin for 24 h. They were then transferred to 70% ethanol for histology and immunohistochemical staining. Airsacculitis, necrotic splenic foci, congested intestines, lymphoid depleted caecal tonsils and focal infiltrations by mononuclear cells were the main pathological lesions in infected ducks. Over 28.9% of the infected ducks had Newcastle disease viral nucleoprotein in macrophage-like large mononuclear cells in the caecal tonsils and kidney tubular epithelium. The viral antigens were located in the cytoplasm and nucleolus of the cells. The other organs had no detectable viral antigens. This study shows that the kidneys and caecal tonsils are the likely predilection sites for the virus in ducks. They thus need to be considered as diagnostic indicators for the viral carriage in ducks
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Njagi, L.W., Mbuthia, P.G., Bebora, L.C., Nyaga, P.N., Minga, U.M. and Olsen, J.E. 2005. A study of effectiveness of seven disinfectants against possible bacteria contaminants of coops premises inhabited by indigenous chickens and ducks. The Kenya Veterin.". In: The Kenya Veterinarian. The Kenya Veterinarian; 2005. Abstract
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Njagi, L.W., Mbuthia, P.G., Nyaga, P.N, Bebora, L.C., Michieka, J.N., Minga, U.M. 2008. Localization of Newcastle disease viral nucleoprotein in the tissue of carrier ducks. A paper presented at the 6th biennial Scientific Conference and Exhibition, 2008,.". In: the 6th biennial Scientific Conference and Exhibition, 2008, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi; 2008. Abstract
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Njagi, L.W., Nyaga, P.N, Mbuthia, P.G., Bebora, L.C., Michieka, J.N., Minga, U.M. 2010. A retrospective study of factors associated with Newcastle disease outbreaks in village indigenous chickens. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa58: 22-3.". In: Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa; 2010. Abstract
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Njagi, L.W., P.G. Mbuthia, L.C.Bebora, P.N. Nyaga, U.M. Minga and J.E. Olsen. 2004. Carrier status for Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria species in free range farm and market healthy indigenous chickens and ducks. East African Medical Journal, 81 .". In: The Kenyan Veterinarian. The Kenya Veterinarian; 2004. Abstract
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Njagi, L.W., P.G. Mbuthia, L.C.Bebora, P.N. Nyaga, U.M. Minga and J.E. Olsen. 2004. Sensitivity of Listeria species recovered from indigenous chickens to antibiotics and disinfectants. East African Medical Journal, 81 (10): 534-537.". In: The Kenyan Veterinarian. The Kenya Veterinarian; 2004. Abstract
GICHOHI DRMBUTHIAPAUL. "Njagi,L.W., Nyaga, P.N., Mbuthia, P.G., Bebora, L.C., J.N. Michieka, J.K.kibe, A.K.Munene, and U. M.minga. 2008. Newcastle disease virus and antibody levels in matched sera, ovules and mature eggs of indigenous village chickens. The Kenyan Veterinarian, 3.". In: The Kenyan Veterinarian. The Kenyan Veterinarian; 2008. Abstract
M DRWANYOIKEMILICENT, S PROFMASINDEMICHAEL. "Njambi L, Kariuki M.M, Masinde S. Ocular findings in children attending occupational therapy clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. East Afr. j. ophthalmol. 2009 Jul; 15(1): 21-26.". In: East African Journal of Ophthalmology. University of Nairobi.; 2009. Abstract
Objectives: To describe the pattern of ocular abnormalities, their correlation with the physical disorders and describe associated risk factors in children attending the Occupational therapy clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital. Design: Cross sectional hospital based. Subjects: A hundred and eighty seven children, aged between three months and 13 years with cerebral palsy and sensory integration deficits. Results: Majority of the patients had cerebral palsy(CP), 160(85.6%), while in those with sensory integration deficit(SID), attention- deficit / hyperactive disorder and autism had almost equal proportions, 20(10.7%) and 18(9.6%) respectively. Among all the children, 62% had ocular anomalies. Children with CP had a much higher prevalence (58.3%) compared to SID group (3.7%). The common ocular abnormalities included cortical visual impairment (48.7%), refractive errors (39%) and squints (34.2%). Association between physical disability and ocular anomalies was noted more in patients with CP compared with SID. Strabismus, cortical visual impairment and myopia were more likely to occur in patients with CP. Significant hyperopia was noted only in CP patients. Strabismus and cortical visual impairment were more likely to occur in patient with neonatal jaundice, while refractive errors in patients with congenital causes and optic atrophy in patients with meningitis. Conclusion: Visual disabilities in children with physical disabilities were common. Cortical visual impairment, refractive errors and squints were more common. Children with CP had a much higher prevalence compared to the SID group. Recommendation: All Children with CP and SID should be referred to ophthalmologist and low vision specialist for assessment.
M DRWANYOIKEMILICENT, S PROFMASINDEMICHAEL. "Njambi L, Kariuki M.M, Masinde S. Ocular findings in children attending occupational therapy clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. East Afr. j. ophthalmol. 2009 Jul; 15(1): 21-26.". In: East African Journal of Ophthalmology.; 2009. Abstract
MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njanja, J.C., Gathuma,J.M., Gitau, G.K. Njeruh, F.M. and Kinuthia, R.N. (2003). Pastrolists.". In: Nairobi Journal of Medince 1: 23, 1970. au-ibar; 2003. Abstract
"Njau, S.N. and P.M. Kimani. 2016. Pod yield, pod quality and disease resistance of new tropically adapted vegetable runner bean lines developed in Kenya..In: Role of Science and Technology in the Post-2015 Development Agenda: Proceedings of the National S.". 2016.
JOSEPH DROTHIENOCALEB. "Njenga F G & Othieno C J. (2005). Mental Health Research in Africa, pp 298-302. In Eds. Njenga F G, Acuda W, Patel V & Maj M. Essentials of Clinical Psychiatry for sub-Saharan Africa. Masson. Milano, Italy.". In: Journal. Equinet; 2005. Abstract
This chapter captures the origins and current status of mental health research in Africa and emphasizes the challenges, current and past, pointing out ways in which they might be overcome. It also gives brief hints to think further on the potential of mental health research in Africa. Of course, the chapter is not intended to be a comprehensive overview or a complete guide to research.
PIUS DRKIGAMWA. "Njenga FG, Nicholls PJ, Nyamai C, Kigamwa P, Davidson JR. Post-traumatic stress after terrorist attack: psychological reactions following the US embassy bombing in Nairobi: Naturalistic study. Br J Psychiatry. 2004 Oct;185:328-33.". In: Naturalistic study. Br J Psychiatry. 2004. EAMJ; 2004. Abstract
Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Provision of management education through distance education is gaining significance in Britain and other developed countries. Although distance learning in developing countries is widely used in other aspects of education such as teacher training, it has been given scant consideration in the education of managers. This study investigated the possibility of using this method as an appropriate means of providing management education to Kenyan managers. It is felt that although much effort has been put into manpower training, affirmed in various national policies, the providing institutions are inadequate and appear not to meet the demand. In suggesting distance learning as a supplementary method, a survey of practice in the UK is used to demonstrate the relevance and the extent of application from which several lessons can be drawn by the Faculty of External Studies, University of Nairobi. The main critical success factors are efficient management of the various sub-systems in a distance learning institution, and the extent to which inherent limitations of distance learning are overcome.
PIUS DRKIGAMWA. "Njenga FG, Nyamai C, Kigamwa P.Terrorist bombing at the USA Embassy in Nairobi: the media response. East Afr Med J. 2003 Mar;80(3):159-64.". In: East Afr Med J. 2003 Mar. EAMJ; 2003. Abstract
M. MRMAINADAVID. "Njenga L.W., Maina D.M., Kariuki D.N., Mwangi F.K. "Aluminium exposure from vegetables and fresh raw vegetable juices in Kenya".". In: Journal. Philosophical Issues Invoked by Shona People; 2007.
M DRMUNYUASJ. "Njenga M.J. Munyua S.J.M., Karioki, D.I., Gachuiri, C.K. Wahome R.G., and Kiniiya (1987). The Economics of Mastitis control in Central Kenya. Proc. of Anim. Prod. Soc. Kenya 26 27th Nov. 1987. Vol XVII p 114 117.". In: Prod. Soc. Kenya 26 27th Nov. 1987. Vol XVII p 114 117. Central artificial Insemination Station Magazine; 1987. Abstract
R PROFMUTIGAERASTUS. "Njenga M.J., Munyua, S.J.M., Mutiga, E.R., Gathuma, J.M., Kang.". In: Disc and Innov. Acd. Sci. Publ. Vol.1 No.4, 39-43 (1989). Erick Onyango Odada; 1999. Abstract
GITHAIGA DRWAHOMERAPHAEL. "Njenga M.J., Thaiya A., Gathura, P., Kuria J. and R.G. Wahome, 2006.". In: Report of the faculty of veterinary medicine on anthrax outbreak in Maragua district, Kenya. FVM Reports, CAVS, UON, January 2006. Journal of School of Continuous and Distance Education ; 2006.
GITHAIGA DRWAHOMERAPHAEL. "Njenga Munene and Wahome R.G., 2002. Napier grass production and Silage Making. Radio listening Groups, 2002.". In: A paper presented at Kenya Bureau of Standards Seminar on Feed manufacturing held at The Silver Springs Hotel, Nairobi on 14th August, 2003. Journal of School of Continuous and Distance Education ; 2002.
JOHN PROFNJENGAMUNENE. "Njenga Munene John., Manuel Eduardo.Rodriguez.Zea., Tomomi Kawano., Yoshitaka Omata , Atsushi Saito, Yukata Toyoda ,Takeshi Mikami (1999). Identification of carbohydrates on Eimeria stiedai sporozoites and their role in the invasion of cultured cells in v.". In: Journal of South African Veterinary Association 71 (1): 47-52. ELOQUENT BOOKS NY, Strategic Book Group, Connecticut, USA. ISBN-978-1-60911-081-9.Pages1; 1999. Abstract
N DRKANGETHERACHEL. "Njenga, F.G., Kang.". In: East African Medical Journal. Vol.8.No.4., pp188. Journal of School of Continuous and Distance Education ; 2004. Abstract
Kamau RK, Osoti AO, Njuguna EM. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 1%76-00202, Nairobi, Kenya. BACKGROUND: Cancer of the uterine cervix is the most common female cancer in Kenya. Despite being preventable, it is often diagnosed when it is already late. For this reason, only palliative therapy is provided. Hence, it is expected that their daily routines and that of their caregivers are severely disrupted. OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent to which diagnosis and treatment of inoperable cervical carcinoma affects quality of life (QOL). DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting Radiotherapy Department at the Kenyatta National Hospital. SUBJECTS: Women undergoing radiotherapy for inoperable cervical cancer. RESULTS: There is high prevalence of profound disruptions in nearly all domains of QOL. In the social domain, between 33% and 44% had the perception that family members and friends had withdrawn social support. Reduction in various economic facets was reported by 47.4%-52.6%, with 44.7% reporting a fall in the overall living standards. There were significant changes in the sexual domain, as a result in which 28.3% reported marital discordance. In the personality domain, decreased self-esteem and self-projection in life occurred in 30.9% and 36.2% respectively. On functional outcomes (EORTC QLQ-C30), only 32%-41% reported not being affected in the various facets of emotional function. Physical functions were affected in 19%-79%, role functions in 69%-75%; symptoms in 49%-80%; cognitive functions in 46%-56%; social functions in 63%-71% and financial aspects by 63%. On global QOL, 53% and 47% respectively reported high level disruption in overall physical health and overall QOL. CONCLUSION: Severe deterioration of QOL occurs as a result of diagnosis of inoperable cervical cancer and subsequent therapies. For this reason there is need to establish severe disease and end-of-life research and management services that would ensure better coping with cancer for patients and for home-based caregivers. PMID: 17633581 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
N DRKANGETHERACHEL. "Njenga, F.G., Kang.". In: East African Medical Journal. June. Vol.80 No.6, 281. Journal of School of Continuous and Distance Education ; 2003. Abstract
TREVOR DRTSUMAVICTOR. "Njenga, J. M. and Tsuma, V. T. (2004). Sudden death following rupture of the middle uterine artery, in a bovine dystocia. Kenya Veterinarian 26: 27-28.". In: IHE/TU Delft, The Netherlands. MA thesis, Institute of African Studies, University of Nairobi; 2004. Abstract
R PROFMUTIGAERASTUS. "Njenga, J.M., Bwangamoi, O., Mutiga, E.R., Kang.". In: Disc and Innov. Acd. Sci. Publ. Vol.1 No.4, 39-43 (1989). Erick Onyango Odada; 1993. Abstract
R PROFMUTIGAERASTUS. "Njenga, J.M., O. Bwangamoi, E.K. Kang.". In: Disc and Innov. Acd. Sci. Publ. Vol.1 No.4, 39-43 (1989). Erick Onyango Odada; 1995. Abstract
W PROFNJENGALYDIAH. "Njenga, L. W., Maina, D. M., Kariuki, D. N. and Mwangi, F. K., Aluminium exposure from Vegetables and Fresh raw vegetable Juices. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment (JFAE). 5(1) (2007) 84-87.". In: Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment (JFAE). 5(1) (2007) 84-87. UoN; 2007. Abstract
Drinking of fresh vegetable raw juices for both cleansing and cure therapy has become very common in Kenya. Fresh raw vegetable juices have been recommended because they can boost the required minerals and vitamins in the body. This work was carried out to evaluate the amount of labile aluminium content in fresh raw vegetable juices and compare it with the total aluminum in vegetables. In addition, another objective was to determine the amount of aluminum leached out from aluminium pots during cooking. Out of 18 different vegetables analyzed, total aluminium ranged from 0.096 mg g-1 to 1.06 mg kg-1; carrots contained the lowest values while parsley contained the highest values. Labile aluminium in fresh raw vegetable juice ranged from 0.003 mg ml-1 to 0.181mg ml-1 and this gave 1 to 30% of the total aluminium. The amount taken per day during juice therapy, either as a detoxifier or a cure, ranged from 0.95 mg day-1 to as high as 40.22 mg day-1. But levels as high as 321.78 mg can be consumed depending on the volume of the juice consumed per day. The total aluminium consumed during juice therapy was found to be higher than that recommended by WHO. Aluminium pots were found to leach out some aluminium and the amount leached out was found to depend on the storage time and the age of the pot.
Key Words: Aluminium in vegetables, Nairobi, Kenya, vegetable juices, total and labile aluminium.
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njenga, M.J., Munyua, S.J.M., Mutiga,E.R., Gathuma, J.M., Kangethe, E.K. Mugera, G.M., Bwangamoi, O. and Mitaru, B.N. (1999). Semen characteristics of goats with subacute , acute and chronic besnetiosis. Jl. S.Afr. Vet.Ass., 70: 18-20.". In: journal. FARA; 1999. Abstract
Objectives: To determine the occurrence of food borne disease outbreaks in Kenya and the efforts employed to combat them. Design: A cross-sectional survey. Setting: Forty two districts in Kenya between 1970 and 1993. Study subjects: Food-borne disease outbreak episodes due to Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, chemicals, aflatoxins, plant and animal poisons. Outcome measures: Number and aetiological causes of food-borne disease outbreaks reported in the study period. Results: Thirty seven food poisoning outbreaks were reported to the Ministry of Health from various parts of the country in the study period 1970 to 1993, and only 13 of these involving a total of 926 people were confirmed to be due to particular aetiological agents. Foods that were involved included milk and milk products, meat and meat products, maize flour, bread scones and other wheat products, vegetables and lemon pie pudding. A high number of food poisoning cases were treated as outpatients in various health facilities. Conclusions: Under-reporting, inadequate investigation of outbreaks and inadequate diagnostic facilities suggest that food-borne disease outbreaks are more that is recorded by the Ministry of Health.
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njenga, M.J., Munyua, S.J.M., Mutiga,E.R., Gathuma, J.M., Kangethe, E.K. Mugera, G.M., Bwangamoi, O. and Mitaru, B.N. (1999). Semen characteristics of goats with subacute , acute and chronic besnetiosis. Jl. S.Afr. Vet.Ass., 70: 18-20.". In: Nairobi Journal of Medince 1: 23, 1970. au-ibar; 1999. Abstract
NJOKI DRGITONGAPAULINE. "Njenga, M.J., Wabacha, J.K., Abuom, T.O., Ndurumo, S.M., Gitonga, P.N. and Kirui, G. Ambulatory clinical exposure of final year veterinary students 2003/2004.". In: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 4th Biennial Scientific conference2004. Taylor & Francis; 2004.
R PROFMUTIGAERASTUS. "Njenga, M.J.; Kangethe, E.K.; Bwangamoi, O Munyua,S.J.M; Mugera, G.M. and Mutiga, E.R. 1999. Experimental transmittion of Besnoitia carprae in goats. Jl. South African Vet. Ass. 70 (4): 160-163.". In: Disc and Innov. Acd. Sci. Publ. Vol.1 No.4, 39-43 (1989). Erick Onyango Odada; 1999. Abstract
R PROFMUTIGAERASTUS. "Njenga, M.J.; Munyua, S.J.M.; Bwangamoi, O.; Kangethe,E.K.; Mutiga, E.R. and Wamukoya, J.P.O. 1999. Prevalence of besnoitiosis in domestic ruminants in Kenya: a preliminary survey. J. S. Afri. Vet. Ass. 70 (4) 151- 153.". In: Disc and Innov. Acd. Sci. Publ. Vol.1 No.4, 39-43 (1989). Erick Onyango Odada; 1999. Abstract
JEFITHA DRKARIMURIO. "Njeru SN, Otieno SA, Karimurio J. Prevalence of significant refractive errors in high school students, Meru municipality, Kenya. East Afr. j. ophthalmol. 2009 Dec; 15(2): 40-45.". In: East African Journal of Ophthalmology. Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer; 2009. Abstract
Objective: To estimate the prevalence and pattern of significant refractive errors in high school students in Meru Municipality, Kenya. Design: Cross-sectional, School based study. Setting: High school students in Meru Municipality, Meru central District, Kenya. Subjects: 164 high school students of age range 13-18 years from Form one and Form three classes. Results: The prevalence of significant refractive errors was 8.5% with girls contributing 5.5% and boys 3.0%. The pattern of significant refractive errors showed that myopia was the leading cause decreased visual acuity at 78.6% followed by astigmatism at 14.3% and last was hypermetropia with 7.1%. The proportion significant refractive errors was higher (71.4%) in the older age group of 15-18 years than lower age group of 13-16 years (28.6%). Conclusions: Significant refractive errors are a common cause visual impairment in secondary schools in Meru Municipality. Myopia was found to be the leading cause of decreased visual acuity (VA <6/12).
K. MRNJERUERASTUS. "Njeru, E.K. The Importance of Controlled Trials in Medicine. East Afr. Med. J. 1996; 73: 153-154 (Editorial).". In: East Afr. Med. J. 1996; 73: 153-154 (Editorial). Kisipan, M.L.; 1996. Abstract
Both malaria and undernutrition are major causes of paediatric mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. The introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITBN) during a randomized controlled trial on the Kenyan coast significantly reduced severe, life-threatening malaria and all-cause childhood mortality. This paper describes the effects of the intervention upon the nutritional status of infants aged between 1 and 11 months of age. Seven hundred and eighty seven infants who slept under ITBN and 692 contemporaneous control infants, were seen during one of three cross-sectional surveys conducted during a one year period. Standardized weight-for-age and mid-upper arm circumference measures were significantly higher among infants who used ITBN compared with control infants. Whether these improvements in markers of nutritional status were a direct result of concomitant reductions in clinical malaria episodes remains uncertain. Never-the-less evidence suggests that even moderate increases in weight-for-age scores can significantly reduce the probability of mortality in childhood and ITBN may provide additional gains to child survival beyond their impressive effects upon malaria-specific events.
K. MRNJERUERASTUS. "Njeru, E.K., Eldridge, G., Ngugi, E.N., Plummer, F.A., Moses, S. STD Partner Notification and Referral In Primary Level Health Centers in Nairobi, Kenya. Sex Transm Dis. 1995 Jul-Aug;22(4):231-5.". In: Sex Transm Dis. 1995 Jul-Aug;22(4):231-5. Kisipan, M.L.; 1995. Abstract
BACKGROUND: Controlling sexually transmitted diseases requires that partners of patients with a sexually transmitted disease be notified and treated. However, many countries in the developing world lack the infrastructure and resources for effective partner referral. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To provide information on rates of partner referral in primary-level health centers in Kenya, to identify characteristics of patients with sexually transmitted diseases who inform their partners about the need for treatment, and to evaluate the impact of a brief counseling intervention on rates of partner notification. STUDY DESIGN: Two-hundred-fifty-four patients presenting for treatment of a sexually transmitted disease were given 5 to 10 minutes of additional counseling on the importance of referring partners for sexually transmitted disease treatment. All patients who returned for follow-up 1 week later were interviewed to determine whether they had notified their sex partners. RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of patients who returned for follow-up reported they had referred their partners for treatment of a sexually transmitted disease. The highest rates of partner notification occurred among women attending maternal child health/family planning clinics and married men and women attending general outpatient clinics. CONCLUSION: Strengthening and directing counseling toward women in maternal child health/family planning clinics and married men and women in general clinics may be an effective and inexpensive way to increase partner notification in the developing world. PIP: In developing countries, patient referral is a more feasible means of notifying partners of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clients than the costly, labor-intensive provider referral approach. However, enhancement strategies such as education and counseling, contact cards, educational materials, follow-up, and monetary incentives may be necessary. To assess the impact of brief counseling on patient referral rates, a study was conducted at five primary health care centers in low-income areas of Nairobi, Kenya. All 254 STD patients who attended the clinic in a two-week period in 1992 were enrolled in the study. Subjects were given 5-10 minutes of counseling, asked to identify their sexual partners, and given a return appointment for the following week. Of the 93 patients who returned to the clinic and provided partner referral data, 63 (68%) reported they informed their partner of the need for STD treatment and 54 (58%) claimed that their partners had been treated. Multivariate analysis indicated that partner notification rates were highest for females, married individuals or those with regular partners, and maternal-child health/family planning clinic patients. Although 84% of unmarried men, 66% of unmarried women, and 47% of married men were infected by a casual sex partner, only 35% of those in the casual partner group attempted notification. Before the study, only 15% of partners presented to the clinics for treatment as a result of partner referral. This provides some evidence of the effectiveness of the counseling strategy, at least for married men and women, although more detailed guidelines on methods of partner notification are recommended.
HASSAN PROFSAIDI. "Njeru, E.K., Mutiso, V.M., Saidi H, Mak.". In: Ann. Afr. Surg.2008; 3: 3-9. Surgical society of Kenya; 2008.
N PROFMUNGAIDAVID. "Njeru, J.L., Mungai, D.N., Liniger, H.P., and Ongwenyi, G.S., 2000. The influence of vegetation on the water resources of the Naro Moru river catchment. Part III (pp. 181-190), In: Gichuki, F.N. Mungai, D.N., Gachene, C.K.K. and Thomas, D.B. (Eds.), Proce.". In: Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 2. EM Ngatia, LW Gathece, FG Macigo, TK Mulli, LN Mutara, EG Wagaiyu.; 2000. Abstract
MUNGE PROFMUKUNYAD. "Njeru, R.W., D.M. Mukunya and E.M. Gathuru, 1988. Etiology and chemical control of Cercospora leaf spot of the ornamental bellies of Ireland (Molucella leavis L.) Proceedings of the 1st Symposium of the Crop Science Society of Kenya held on 4 .". In: Proceedings of 1st Plant Pathology Society of Kenya Conference, 23-24 Nov. 1989. Nairobi, Kenya. 15P. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter Vol. 27, pp. 79-85.; 1988. Abstract
The gene Q13L coding for the Capripoxvirus group specific structural protein P32 was expressed in Escherichia coli using plasmid pGEX-2T as a fusion protein with glutathione-s-transferase and purified on glutathione sepharose affinity chromatography column. The protein was then employed for diagnosis of sheeppox, goatpox and lumpyskin disease, by a latex agglutination test (LAT) using the purified P32 antigen and guinea pig detector antiserum raised against the P32 antigen. The LAT and virus neutralization test (VNT) were used to screen one hundred livestock field sera for antibodies to Capripoxvirus, in comparison the LAT was simpler, rapid and 23% more sensitive than the VNT. In addition the LAT was found to be specific for Carpripoxvirus because it did not pick antibodies to Orthopoxvirus and Parapoxvirus. The LA test can be taken for a simple and quick diagnostic tool for primary screening of Carpripoxvirus infection and will reduce the reliance of diagnostic laboratories on tissue culture facilities. Keywords: Carpripox, latex agglutination test, attachment gene J. Trop. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Vol. 3 (2) 2007: pp. 36-43
MWIHURIH PROFNJERUHF. "NJERUH, F.M. and GATHUMA, J.M. (1987). Serodiagnosis of livestock hydatidosis by the use of indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bull. An. Hlth. Prod. 35: 124 .". In: journal. UN-HABITAT; 1987. Abstract
A double antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for identification of thermostable muscle antigens of autoclaved meat samples is described. The assay differentiates heterologous thermostable muscle antigens from homologous at P 0.001. In model meat mixtures, the assay detects adulterants at the level of 1% at p0.001 even in phylogenetically related species such as buffalo and cattle.
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., and Gathuma, J.M. (1987). Serodiagnosis of hydatidosis in livestock by the indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bull. Anim. Hlth. Afr. 35 124 .". In: journal. FARA; 1987. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., and Gathuma, J.M. (1987). Serodiagnosis of hydatidosis in livestock by the indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bull. Anim. Hlth. Afr. 35 124 .". In: journal. au-ibar; 1987. Abstract
An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) suitable for use in identification of cooked and autoclaved meat samples using antisera to thermostable muscle antigens (TMA) is described. Goat antisera to TMA of various species were tested against homologous and heterologous partially purified thermostable muscle antigens (PTMA) in an indirect EIA. Goat anti-eland and anti-cattle TMA sera were the poorest in differentiating other species PTMAs. Identification of various species PTMAs could be achieved using a battery of goat anti-TMA sera, where homologous goat anti-TMA serum fails to differentiate some of the PTMAs tested.
MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Gathuma, J.M. and Tumboh-Oeri, A.G. (1986). Diagnosis of hydatidosis in Kenya I. The role of indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) based on a thermostable antigen E. Afr. Med. J. 63 (5) 311 .". In: journal. au-ibar; 1986. Abstract
Experimentally, two hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) antigens (antigens 4 and 5) were found to be the most immunogenic antigens in HCF. The two antigens were precipitated together from HCF. This was done by adding 2M phosphotungstic acid and 2M magnesium chloride pollutions to clarified HCF whilte continuously stirring the mixture. The precipitate formed was suspend in physiological saline (PS). This antigens solutions was used to coat microtitre plates fro indirect ELISA. Indirect ELISA was performed on 180 randomly selected bovine sera. The sensitivity of the test was found to be 98% while the specificity was 70%. The predictive value was 89%. Although the specificity of the test was relatively low, the test using these partially purified antigens was found to be useful because of its high sensitivity.
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Gathuma, J.M. and Tumboh-Oeri, A.G. (1986). Diagnosis of hydatidosis in Kenya II. An Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) based on a thermostable antigen E. Afr. Med. J. 63 (5) 318 .". In: journal. FARA; 1986. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Gathuma, J.M. and Tumboh-Oeri, A.G. (1986). Diagnosis of hydatidosis in Kenya II. An Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) based on a thermostable antigen E. Afr. Med. J. 63 (5) 318 .". In: journal. au-ibar; 1986. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Gathuma, J.M. and Tumboh-Oeri, A.G.( 1990). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for livestock hydatidosis based on a partially purified thermostable antigen. (Bull. Anim. Hlth. Afr.,38, 7-10.).". In: journal. FARA; 1990. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Gathuma, J.M. and Tumboh-Oeri, A.G.( 1990). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for livestock hydatidosis based on a partially purified thermostable antigen. (Bull. Anim. Hlth. Afr.,38, 7-10.).". In: Nairobi Journal of Medince 1: 23, 1970. au-ibar; 1990. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Gathuma, J.M., Okelo, G.B.A. and Tumboh-Oeri, A.G. (1989). Diagnosis of human hydatid disease in surgically confirmed cases by use of indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test based on a thermo-stable lipoprotein (.". In: journal. FARA; 1989. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Gathuma, J.M., Okelo, G.B.A. and Tumboh-Oeri, A.G. (1989). Diagnosis of human hydatid disease in surgically confirmed cases by use of indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test based on a thermo-stable lipoprotein (.". In: Nairobi Journal of Medince 1: 23, 1970. au-ibar; 1989. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Gathuma, J.M., Okelo, G.B.A. and Tumboh-Oeri, A.G. (1989). The amino acid and fatty acid composition of a thermostable lipoprotein (.". In: journal. FARA; 1989. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Gathuma, J.M., Okelo, G.B.A. and Tumboh-Oeri, A.G. (1989). The amino acid and fatty acid composition of a thermostable lipoprotein (.". In: Nairobi Journal of Medince 1: 23, 1970. au-ibar; 1989. Abstract
MWIHURIH PROFNJERUHF. "NJERUH, F.M., GATHUMA, J.M., TUMBOH-OERI, A.G. and OKELO, G.B.A. (1989). Purification and partial characterization of a thermo-stable lipoprotein (.". In: journal. UN-HABITAT; 1989. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Gathuma, J.M., Tumboh-Oeri, A.G. and Okelo, G.B.A. (1989). Purification and partial characterization of a thermostable lipoprotein (.". In: journal. FARA; 1989. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Gathuma, J.M., Tumboh-Oeri, A.G. and Okelo, G.B.A. (1989). Purification and partial characterization of a thermostable lipoprotein (.". In: Nairobi Journal of Medince 1: 23, 1970. au-ibar; 1989. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Gathuma,J.M., Gathura,P.B. Kyule, M.N. and Hammergerg, B. (1998). The application of monoclonal antibodies in identification of a hydatid cyst antigen found in boiled sera from individuals with hydatid disease and its significance in diagnos.". In: journal. FARA; 1989. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Gathuma,J.M., Gathura,P.B. Kyule, M.N. and Hammergerg, B. (1998). The application of monoclonal antibodies in identification of a hydatid cyst antigen found in boiled sera from individuals with hydatid disease and its significance in diagnos.". In: Nairobi Journal of Medince 1: 23, 1970. au-ibar; 1989. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Kagiko, M.M. and Gathuma, J.M. (1989). Diagnosis of hydatid disease in livestock by use of indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test and its possible application in the control of hydatid disease in Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. (Special i.". In: journal. FARA; 1989. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Kagiko, M.M. and Gathuma, J.M. (1989). Diagnosis of hydatid disease in livestock by use of indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test and its possible application in the control of hydatid disease in Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. (Special i.". In: Nairobi Journal of Medince 1: 23, 1970. au-ibar; 1989. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM. "Njeruh, F.M., Kagiko, M.M. and Gathuma, J.M. (1989). Diagnosis of hydatid disease in livestock by use of indirect haemaglutination test and its possible application in the control of hydatid disease in Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afri. (Special issue):.". In: journal. FARA; 1989. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Okelo, G.B.A. and Gathuma, J.M. (1989). Usefulness of the indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the diagnosis of human hydatidosis E. Afr. Med. J. 66, 310 .". In: journal. FARA; 1989. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh, F.M., Okelo, G.B.A. and Gathuma, J.M. (1989). Usefulness of the indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the diagnosis of human hydatidosis E. Afr. Med. J. 66, 310 .". In: Nairobi Journal of Medince 1: 23, 1970. au-ibar; 1989. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh,F.M., Gathura, P.B. and Gathuma,J.M.(1989). Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) based on two E. granulosus antigens in the diagnosis of human hydatidosis. East Afri. Med. J. 66: 738-744.". In: journal. FARA; 1989. Abstract
MUCHAI PROFKAGIKOM, MWANGI PROFGATHUMAJ. "Njeruh,F.M., Gathura, P.B. and Gathuma,J.M.(1989). Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) based on two E. granulosus antigens in the diagnosis of human hydatidosis. East Afri. Med. J. 66: 738-744.". In: Nairobi Journal of Medince 1: 23, 1970. au-ibar; 1989. Abstract
K PROFKAMAUREUBEN, OTIENO DRODAWAFRANCISXAVIER. "Nji PCF, Kamau RK, Ruminjo JK. Risk factors for abnormal cervical cytology among women attending Colposcopy Clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital. J Obstet Gynecol East Cent Afr 1993; 10: 16-21.". In: J Obstet Gynecol East Cent Afr 1993; 10: 16-21. Journal of School of Continuous and Distance Education ; 1993. Abstract
K PROFKAMAUREUBEN, OTIENO DRODAWAFRANCISXAVIER. "Nji PCF, Kamau RK, Ruminjo JK. Risk factors for abnormal cervical cytology among women attending Colposcopy Clinic at Kenyatta National Hospital. J Obstet Gynecol East Cent Afr 1993; 10: 16-21.". In: J Obstet Gynecol East Cent Afr 1993; 10: 16-21. EM Ngatia, LW Gathece, FG Macigo, TK Mulli, LN Mutara, EG Wagaiyu.; 1993. Abstract
PIP: In November and December, 1993, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to men in the town of Machakos and to nonmedical hospital workers of Machakos General Hospital. The purpose of the study was to assess their knowledge about and attitude towards vasectomy. The majority of men were in the age group of 30-44 years and were married; the hospital group was more educated. The town men perceived the pill to be the best contraceptive method for women in contrast to the hospital group who gave more importance to bilateral tubal ligation. The hospital group also perceived vasectomy as the best method for men. Overall, 53.2% men were aware of the correct procedure of vasectomy, but only 24% had correct knowledge of how the procedure affects masculinity. The knowledge of the procedure among hospital workers was not very different from that of the town group. Recommendations were made to increase information and education to all groups of people through various media. author's modified
Jerono P. "Njia ya Mwongo.". In: Kurudi Nyumbani na Hadithi Nyingine. Nairobi: Focus; 2007.
J PROFCHINDIAMARK. "NJIRU ABK, CHINDIA ML. Late presentation of patients with oral Squamous cell Carcinoma. African Journal Oral Health , 3:118-121, 2002.". In: African Journal Oral Health , 3:118-121, 2002. Hekima III (1) 27-42; 2002. Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of occurrence of dental injuries in the 0-15 year-olds. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. SUBJECTS: Five hundred and five patient records with dental injuries were retrieved and analysed. RESULTS: A total of 505 patient records with dental injuries were retrieved and analysed. Most of the injuries were recorded in the year 1999 (22.2%). Boys were more affected (63.0%) than girls (37.0%). The main presenting complaint recorded was pain (75.8%).The majority of the patients (69.5%) presented for treatment during the same day or the day after trauma. Falls were the leading cause of injuries (73.5%). Most injuries involved two teeth (47.1%) and the maxillary central incisors were the most affected teeth both in the primary (67.5%) and permanent (64.0%) dentitions. Luxation injuries were the most common type of dental trauma with 47.5% occurring in the permanent teeth and 77.3% in the primary teeth. The main radiographic investigation performed was intraoral periapical views (52.9%) following which dental extraction (34.4%) was the main treatment modality offered. CONCLUSION: Prospective cross-sectional studies to determine the prevalence of dental injuries are needed. Furthermore improving the knowledge of dental practitioners through continuing dental education programmes would help in updating them on current trends in managing these injuries.
DR. MUKABANA WOLFANGRICHARD. "Njiru, B.N., Mukabana, W.R., Takken, W., Knols, B.G.J., 2006, Trapping of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae with odour-baited MM-X traps in semi-field conditions in western Kenya. Malaria Journal, 5 (1): 39. http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/14.". In: Malaria Journal, 5 (1): 39. http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-5-39.pdf. Journal of School of Continuous and Distance Education ; 2006. Abstract
Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Capacity strengthening of rural communities, and the various actors that support them, is needed to enable them to lead their own malaria control programmes. Here the existing capacity of a rural community in western Kenya was evaluated in preparation for a larger intervention. Focus group discussions and semi-structured individual interviews were carried out in 1,451 households to determine (1) demographics of respondent and household; (2) socio-economic status of the household; (3) knowledge and beliefs about malaria (symptoms, prevention methods, mosquito life cycle); (4) typical practices used for malaria prevention; (5) the treatment-seeking behaviour and household expenditure for malaria treatment; and (6) the willingness to prepare and implement community-based vector control. Malaria was considered a major threat to life but relevant knowledge was a chimera of scientific knowledge and traditional beliefs, which combined with socio-economic circumstances, leads to ineffective malaria prevention. The actual malaria prevention behaviour practiced by community members differed significantly from methods known to the respondents. Beside bednet use, the major interventions implemented were bush clearing and various hygienic measures, even though these are ineffective for malaria prevention. Encouragingly, most respondents believed malaria could be controlled and were willing to contribute to a community-based malaria control program but felt they needed outside assistance. Culturally sensitive but evidence-based education interventions, utilizing participatory tools, are urgently required which consider traditional beliefs and enable understanding of causal connections between mosquito ecology, parasite transmission and the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease. Community-based organizations and schools need to be equipped with knowledge through partnerships with national and international research and tertiary education institutions so that evidence-based research can be applied at the grassroots level.
MUNGE PROFMUKUNYAD. "Njiru, J. and D.M. Mukunya, 1989. Variation in Collectotrichum coffeanum, the cause of coffee berry disease as shown by eletrophoretic separation of extracellular proteins of different isolates. Proceedings of the 1st Plant Pathology Society of Kenya Conf.". In: Proceedings of the 1st Plant Pathology Society of Kenya Conference, 23 . Plant Molecular Biology Reporter Vol. 27, pp. 79-85.; 1989. Abstract
PROF. NTIBA MICHENIJ. "Njiru, M., Ojuok, J.E., Okeyo-Owuor, J.B., Muchiri, M., M. J. Ntiba and Cowx, I.G. Some biological aspects and life history strategies of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in Lake Victoria, Kenya.". In: Afri. J. Ecol, 44, 1-8. ELOQUENT BOOKS NY, Strategic Book Group, Connecticut, USA. ISBN-978-1-60911-081-9.Pages1; 2006. Abstract
Njogu PM, Thoithi GN MJWKFNKIOKSTYMHNMJMA. "Njogu PM, Thoithi GN, Mwangi JW, Kamau FN, Kibwage IO, Kariuki ST, Yenesew A, Mugo HN, Mwalukumbi JM. ." East Cent. Afr. J. Pharm. Sci. . 2011;14(3):89-94.
ODUOR PROFOKELLODOMINIC. "NJOGU, A., OWITI, G.E.O. PERSSON, E. & ODUOR- OKELO (2006) Ultrastructure of the chorioallantoic placenta and chorionic vesicle of the lesser bush baby(Galago senegalensis). Placenta 27: 771-779.". In: MSc. Thesis, University of Nairobi. Kisipan, M.L.; 2006.
THEURI DRNJOKAJESSE. "Njoka J. T. 1985: Range improvement for wildlife and livestock: In the Wildlife/livestock Interfaces on Rangelands. Proceedings of a conference held at Taita Hills Lodge, Kenya, Edited by Susan Macmillan and sponsored by Winrock international and Kenya Go.". In: 4th International Congress of Cell Biology, Montreal, Canada 14-19 August, 1988. Douglas McLean Publishing; 1985.
THEURI DRNJOKAJESSE. "Njoka J. T. 1986: The History of University Range Education In Kenya: In Range Development and Research in Kenya (pages 393-397). Edited by Richard M. Hansen, Benson M. Woie, R. Dennis Child. Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development IS.". In: 4th International Congress of Cell Biology, Montreal, Canada 14-19 August, 1988. Douglas McLean Publishing; 1986.
THEURI DRNJOKAJESSE. "Njoka J. T. 1989: Possible impact of climate change on agriculture and forests with special reference to East Africa. Joint meeting of the Task Teams on Implications of 9 climatic changes in the Eastern African and West and Central African regions. UNEP (.". In: 4th International Congress of Cell Biology, Montreal, Canada 14-19 August, 1988. Douglas McLean Publishing; 1989.
THEURI DRNJOKAJESSE. "Njoka J. T. 2003: The Worship of God through Agriculture .Chapter 2 pages 19-40. In the Book .". In: 4th International Congress of Cell Biology, Montreal, Canada 14-19 August, 1988. Douglas McLean Publishing; 2003. Abstract
This paper deals with the derivation of logistic model for cattle, sheep and goats in a commercial ranching system in Machakos District, Kenya, a savannah ecosystem with average annual rainfall of 589.3  159.3mm and an area of 10,117ha. It involves modeling livestock population dynamics as discrete-time logistic equations wiyh fixed carrying capacities. The fixed carrying capacities are generated endogenously using time-series ranch data, covering a period of 15 years, from 1987 to 2001, in a commercial ranching enterprise. The model incorporates interaction parameters, generated endogenously. The estimation of the logistic models involves estimation of econometric models for each livestock species, followed by the recovery of the logistic model mathematically. Optimisation procedures are employed to determine the optimal stocking levels and the optimal off-take levels. The model-generated carrying capacities are 2,985, 791 and 201 animal units (AU) for cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. Optimal stocking levels are 1,369, 154 and 69 Aus for cattle, sheep and goats, respectively, while the optimal off-take levels are 857, 88 and 63 for cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. This shows that the logistic model-based system analysis is applicable to the management of mixed-species commercial ranching enterprises.
THEURI DRNJOKAJESSE. "Njoka J.T. 2001: Rational Use of rangelands and development of fodder crops in Africa. UN Convention on Combating Desertification AU-IBAR Commissioned Background Paper for Technical Workshop on Promotion of rational use of rangelands and development of fo.". In: 4th International Congress of Cell Biology, Montreal, Canada 14-19 August, 1988. Douglas McLean Publishing; 2001.
THEURI DRNJOKAJESSE. "Njoka T. 1990: Range management in Kenya. Page 60-63: In Wildlife Research for sustainable Development.-Edited by G.T. Grootenhuis, S.G. Njuguna and P.W. Kat. Published by KARI, KWS, NMK.". In: 4th International Congress of Cell Biology, Montreal, Canada 14-19 August, 1988. Douglas McLean Publishing; 1990.
THEURI DRNJOKAJESSE. "Njoka T.J.1993 - Animal Production in the Tropics, Possibilities and Constraints. Invited Paper for the Workshop on Human Livelihoods in Drylands: Constraints and Possibilities Conference sponsored by Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sjudarhjd.". In: 4th International Congress of Cell Biology, Montreal, Canada 14-19 August, 1988. Douglas McLean Publishing; 1993.
PATRICK MRIRUNGU. "Njoka, T,J. and P.I.D. Kinyua, 2006. The logistic model-generated carrying capacities, maximum sustained offtake rates and optimal stocking rates for Kenya.". In: African Journal of Range & Forage Science 2006, 23(2): 99. Heinrich Boll Foundation.; 2006.
M PROFNYARIKIDICKSON. "Njoka, T.J., Muriuki, G.W., Reid, R.S. & Nyariki, D.M. (2003). The use of sociological methods to assess land-use change: A case study of Lambwe Valley, Kenya. Journal of Social Sciences, 7(3), 181-185.". In: Geology, Geochemistry and Economic Mineral Potential. Ph.D. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 147 pp. Philosophical Issues Invoked by Shona People; 2003. Abstract
and Njoroge A. W, Lamuka P. O AOHDRN. Njoroge A. W, Lamuka P. O, Affognon H. D and Onwanga R.N 2012. Effect of Solar Disinfestation and Purdue Improved Crop Storage Bagging in the Control of Prostephanus Truncatus Horn in Maize. MSc Thesis, University of Nairobi, Kenya.; 2012.abstract.doceffect_of_solar_disinfestation_and_purdue_improved_crop_storage_bagging_in_the_control_of_prostephanus_truncatus_horn_in_maize._msc_thesis_anastasia_njoroge.doc
M DRNJOROGEERNEST. "Njoroge E.M. (1993) A study of experimental water intoxication in calves.". In: MSc Thesis, University of Nairobi. African Wildlife Foundation. Nairobi; 1993. Abstract
M DRNJOROGEERNEST. "Njoroge E.M. (2001) Evaluation of Ultrasonographic Diagnosis, Treatment Methods and Epidemiology of Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep and Goats.". In: PhD Thesis, University of Nairobi. African Wildlife Foundation. Nairobi; 2001. Abstract
In an attempt to establish the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis, a study was conducted in slaughter animals in three divisions of northern Turkana, Kenya. A total of 5752 goats, 588 sheep, 381 cattle and 70 camels were examined at slaughter. Echinococcus granulosus metacestodes were found in 19.4% of the cattle, 3.6% of sheep, 4.5% of goats and 61.4% of camels. The prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in cattle, sheep and goats was higher in Lokichogio than in either Kakuma or Central divisions. On the other hand, the prevalence of the disease in camels was higher in Central (84.6%) than either Lokichogio (70.6%) or Kakuma (50%). The differences in prevalence rates in different study areas are attributed to differences in environmental conditions, livestock stocking intensity and cross-border migration of livestock
M DRNJOROGEERNEST. "Njoroge E.M., Chema S., Gathuma J.M. (2000) A Study on the Deployment of Kenyan Veterinarians who Qualified Between 1988 and 1993.". In: The Kenya Veterinarian 19: 7 . African Wildlife Foundation. Nairobi; 2000. Abstract
A study was done to determine the prevalence of hydatid cysts in goats using ultrasonography. A total of 1,390 goats were examined, 43,6 % (606/1,390) of them from north-western Turkana, Kenya, and 56,4% (784/1,390) from Toposaland, southern Sudan. Hydatid cysts were visualized in 1,82 % (11/ 606) of the goats from north-western Turkana and 4,34% (34/784) of those from Toposaland. Unlike abattoir surveys, the prevalence data obtained in this study were unbiased because entire flocks were examined. The lower prevalence rate of the disease in goats from Turkana was attributed to the hydatid disease control programme in that area, which is absent in Toposaland.