18-A Review of portal frames-pin supports at base.
/ Compression Members. / By Maged kamel
A Review of Portal frames-pin supports at base.
Brief content of the video.
The Portal frame is analyzed into two frames.
Estimation of the portal frame reactions.
How to draw internal forces diagrams of the portal frame-pin supports at the base?
We will make a review of the portal frames subject and the approximate method for the portal frames, the discussion will be in detail for the internal forces and moment for the first case where the portal frame has hinged support, the hinge is assumed at the middle span of the girder.
While for the second case where the portal frame has fixed supports, three hinges are assumed to be present two hinges at the mid-height of the two columns, while the third hinge is located in the mid of the girder span. That was a part of the video, which has a subtitle and closed caption in English.
You can click on any picture to enlarge then press the small arrow at the right to review all the other images as a slide show.
We stopped at the end of the previous post while discussing the approximate method for the portal frame. How to make a structural analysis, and we give an example, as we have a frame that has two hinged supports and is acted upon by a force at the left side.
The frame can be analyzed by dividing the frame into two parts, the first part has antisymmetrical loading and the second part has a symmetrical loading, and due to that loading the elastic curvature.
We can assume that we have roller support in the middle of the girder.In the next slide, after we have created roller support at the middle of the girder, the support reactions
If we consider, the portal frame height is h, the lower joint is A, the upper left corner is b and the right corner is c and the last support is D.
The roller support distance is at L/2, and this is the continuation of the frame, If we have a look at the left side portion, where we have P/2 at the left side from left to right and other load P/2 at the right joint acting to the right, from the sum of forces at the x-direction ∑Fx=0, ∑Fy=0, ∑M=0.
We can be able to determine the magnitude of the reactions, for the lower hinged support and also for the roller support at B', since the hinge at A can take the horizontal force, since the roller support at B' can not take that force so, Ax=P/2, so ∑Fx=0 is utilized.
The reaction Ax is to the left, Taking bending moment at A =0, then the Vertical reaction at B' can be estimated B'y*L/2=P/2*h, B'y=(P/2)*h/(L/2)=B'y=P*h/L=P*h/L, due to the summation for moment =0.
From ∑Fy=0, since no external forces at the Y direction, then Ay will be =b'y=P*h/L but acting downwards, at B, force B'y acting upwards, at the joint, at the right side there will be a force= P*h/L acting downwards, then the reaction at d will be P*h/L acting upwards since we have a force at joint P/2 acting to the right, for ∑Fx=0, at support d, the joint force Xd=P/2, acting to the left.
We can get the reaction for the first part, the horizontal reaction at A is P/2, and at D also=P/2, while the vertical reaction at A is Ph/L, downwards, and the vertical reaction at d is Ph/L, upwards. For the other frame, we have P/2 and P/2 as joint loads.
After summing the two frames, we can get the final situation, the normal force diagram, the shear force diagram, and the moment diagrams.
We have tension force=p*h/L, for column AB, then compression force=P, we deduct P/2, then we have a compression force =P/2 acting at joint c, then We have compression force=P*h/L acting at joint D for the member DC. That was a review of portal frames that have two hinged support.
For the shear force, at joint A we have positive force=P*h/L, which will act till the joint. The P*h/L acting anticlockwise will create negative shear for member BC, from D to C we have a negative shear force = P/2 till joint C.
For the bending moment diagram, we have a moment at joint b=P/2*h, at the corner, there is a moment. at the middle moment=0, then continue to joint C the value is P*h/2
The value of m=0 at joint D will remind us of the double curvature where we have two equal moments in the same direction.
The same result is also shown in these diagrams, but I have explained in more detail, the bending moment diagram is drawn on the positive side.
This is the pdf file used in the illustration of this post and the next post.
This is a link to A very useful external link is Concentrically Loaded Compression Members.
This is the next post, Analysis of portal frame-fixed supports at base.