MSU researchers adapt coronavirus test without scarce materials
Michigan State University researchers have validated a test to detect coronavirus that is more accurate than those currently available, and could help address the national shortage of testing kits.
The method, however, first needs approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration before it can be widely offered to test patients suspected of having COVID-19, the respiratory disease caused by the virus.
The researchers were able to use different chemical reagents than those that have been in short supply for the standard test, and the Droplet Digital PCR machine is able to produce results in about a day.
"The new testing method already has been shown to be 500 times more sensitive than the standard coronavirus test," Jack Lipton, chair of the College of Human Medicine's Department of Translational Neuroscience, said. "That is significant, because it can reduce the number of false negative test results that would incorrectly diagnose a patient as free of the disease due to a low viral load, particularly among those who do not yet have symptoms."
After receiving expedited approval from MSU's Institutional Review Board, researchers were able to test university faculty and staff who volunteered, including one who previously had tested positive for COVID-19.
"We were able to see that the subject's viral load was off the chart," Lipton said.
The staff member is now recovering. A subsequent retest using the new method showed that the staff member's viral load had dropped significantly.
The new test is based on information that was posted on the website medRxiv.org by researchers in China. Joseph Patterson, a research assistant professor in the Department of Translational Neuroscience, approached Lipton, confident that the team could adapt the test based on the study from China.
"We used the method that came out of China and adapted it to see if it would work for us, and it works," Lipton said. "If we can use our skill sets to help other people, this is what we can do."
Using a machine called a Droplet Digital PCR, the researchers tested genetic material in the laboratory before testing samples from the human volunteers. The machine amplifies the genetic material in a small sample and then calculates how much of the virus is in a patient's body.
The company that manufactures the machine, Bio-Rad Laboratories, has applied for FDA approval to offer the new test.
MSU's Department of Translational Neuroscience is not a clinical health provider and, therefore, is not authorized to offer the test to patients. The MSU researchers plan to make their findings available to other researchers with the goal of making their process for validating the test widely available.
"The more testing anyone can do in this crisis when lives are on the line, the better," Lipton said. "There's no money coming in for this. It's just the right thing to do."
The study team includes Lipton, Patterson, Caryl Sortwell, Allyson Cole-Strauss and John Beck.
The MSU test method was based on a study published on medRxiv.org titled ddPCR: a more sensitive and accurate tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection in low viral load specimens by Wuhan University researchers Tao Suo, Xinjin Liu, Ming Guo, Jiangpeng Feng, Wenjia Hu, Yang Yang, Qiuhan Zhang, Xin Wang, Muhanmmad Sajid, Dong Guo, Zhixiang Huang, Liping Deng, Tielong Chen, Fang Liu, Ke Xu, Yuan Liu, Qi Zhang, Yingle Liu, Yong Xiong, Guozhong Guo, Yu Chen, Ke Lan.
By: Geri Kelley
Kim Ward
Campus Health Science and Technology