Violence Policy Center
non-profit organisation in the USA
The Violence Policy Center (VPC) is an American nonprofit organization that works to prevent gun death and injury through research, education, and advocacy.
Location: Luby's Cafeteria, Killeen, Texas
Alleged Shooter: George Hennard
People Killed: 24 (shooter committed suicide)
People Injured: 20
Firearm(s): Ruger P-89 9mm pistol and a Glock 9mm pistol
Hennard, who had a history of mental instability and was described by friends and family as paranoid and troubled, drove his pickup truck through the window of a Luby's Cafeteria restaurant and opened fire, killing 23 people and wounding 20 others, then killed himself.
How Firearm(s) Acquired
Both guns were purchased legally from Mike's Gun Shop in February and March of 1991 in Henderson, Nevada. Although he had a history of mental illness, Hennard was never committed by court order to a mental health institution. Federal law prohibits firearms purchases only by people who have been committed to a mental health facility under court order.
"Where'd They Get Their Guns? An Analysis of the Firearms Used in High-Profile Shootings, 1963 to 2001". Violence Policy Center. 2001.
The two handguns used in the Virginia Tech shooting—a 9mm Glock 19 pistol, and a 22 caliber Walther P22 pistol—stand as stark examples of the trend toward increased lethality that defines today's gun industry. Since the mid-1980s, the gun industry has embraced increased firepower and capacity to resell the shrinking base of gun buyers in America. In the 1980s, a very significant shift in gun design and marketing occurred: high-capacity semiautomatic pistols became the dominant product line. Formerly, the most popular handgun design was the revolver, most often containing six shots. In 1980, semiautomatic pistols accounted for only 32 percent of the 2.3 million handguns produced in America. The majority were revolvers. By 1991 this number had reversed itself with semiautomatic pistols accounting for 74 percent of the 1.8 million handguns produced that year.
Violence Policy Center (April 2007). "Backgrounder on Pistols Used in Virginia Tech Shooting".
Today's NRA is a virtual subsidiary of the gun industry. While the NRA portrays itself as protecting the 'freedom' of individual gun owners, it's actually working to protect the freedom of the gun industry to manufacture and sell virtually any weapon or accessory.
Josh Sugarmann, April 13, 2011 (Violence Policy Center (April 13, 2011). National Rifle Association Receives Millions of Dollars From Gun Industry "Corporate Partners" New VPC Report Reveals. Press release.)
The high-capacity Glock pistol owned by Norway mass murderer Anders Behring Breivik stands as a stark example of the gun industry's marketing of increased lethality. Since the mid-1980s, increased firepower and capacity have defined the products of the gun industry—of both U.S. and foreign manufacture.
Glock pistols have been part of the arsenals of the some of the most infamous mass shooters in the United States, including the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting which left 33 dead and 17 wounded and, more recently, the attack in January 2011 in Tucson, AZ, by Jared Loughner which left six dead and 13 wounded—including U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords (D-AZ). Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh was illegally carrying a 45 caliber Glock pistol when he was stopped by law enforcement after the 1995 bombing for driving a car without a license plate.
"The Glock Pistol: A Favorite of Mass Shooters". Violence Policy Center. July 2011.
Who does the National Rifle Association represent? In its direct-mail solicitations and public statements, the NRA presents itself as the uncompromising voice of the American gun owner. But new research reveals that since 2005 the NRA has received millions of dollars from the gun industry. The means by which the industry helps fund the NRA vary: from million-dollar industry grants to a program that rounds up gun store customers' purchases to the nearest dollar with the difference going to the NRA—including a contribution from a soon-to-be mass shooter buying ammunition. Corporate contributors to the NRA come from every sector of the firearms industry, including: manufacturers of handguns, rifles, shotguns, assault weapons, and high-capacity ammunition magazines; gun distributors and dealers; and, vendors of ammunition and other shooting-related products. And they come from outside the firearms industry—including Xe, the new name for the now-infamous Blackwater Worldwide...
The depth and breadth of gun industry financial support for the National Rifle Association makes clear that the self-proclaimed "America's oldest civil rights organization" is, in fact, the gun industry's most high-profile trade association. While the NRA works to portray itself as protecting the "freedoms" of its membership, it is, in fact protecting the gun industry's freedom to manufacture virtually any gun or accessory it sees fit to produce....
The mutually dependent nature of the National Rifle Association and the gun industry explains the NRA's unwillingness to compromise on even the most limited controls over firearms or related products (such as restrictions on high-capacity ammunition magazines) and its support of legislation that clearly favors gunmakers over gun owners (such as legislation limiting the legal rights of gun owners killed or injured by defective firearms). The NRA claims that its positions are driven solely by a concern for the interests of gun owners, never mentioning its own financial stake in protecting the profits of its gun industry patrons.
Blood Money: How the Gun Industry Bankrolls the NRA. Violence Policy Center (April 2011). Retrieved on October 18, 2018.
In America today—where virtually anyone with a credit card and a grudge can outfit their own personal army—mass shootings are as predictable as they are tragic. Just as predictably, those who celebrate this lethal shift—the NRA and its gun industry partners remain mute when families and communities suffer the consequences. And when attention fades, they'll once again resume their lethal trade, unless we stand together as Americans to stop them.
Violence Policy Center and others, July 20 2012 (Over 30 National, State, and Local Gun Violence Prevention Groups Issue Statement on Colorado Mass Shooting. Violence Policy Center (July 20, 2012).; Horwitz, Sari (July 20, 2012). "Glock semiautomatic pistol links recent mass shootings". The Washington Post. )
Holmes's use of Smith & Wesson's M&P15 assault rifle demonstrates the clear and present danger of a gun designed for war and ruthlessly marketed for profit to civilians.
In early 2006, Smith & Wesson announced that it had begun shipping the first of its M&P15 rifles. The M&P (Military & Police) "tactical rifle" was the first long gun produced by a company that had been long known as a handgun manufacturer. According to Shooting Industry, the new rifle was "specifically engineered to meet the needs of global military and police personnel, as well as sporting shooters."
The handgun company's turn to assault rifles was a stark example of the gun industry's relentless militarization of the civilian market. By 2006, military-style semiautomatic assault rifles had become one of the mainstays of the civilian gun market. Smith & Wesson did not make rifles. But it had successfully marketed a line of M&P semiautomatic handguns to military, police, and civilian customers. Its executives decided to introduce their own line of Military & Police assault rifles. Based on the AR-15/M-16 design, these "tactical rifles" would be heavily pitched to civilians.
Understanding the Smith & Wesson M&P15 Semiautomatic Assault Rifle Used in the Aurora, Colorado Mass Murder. Violence Policy Center (July 2012).
The money continued to roll in. On July 20, 2009, exactly three years to the day before the Aurora mass murder, Golden stated in an interview that a "category that has been extremely hot is tactical rifles, AR style tactical rifles." On a June 2009 investors conference call, Golden enthused that "tactical rifles were up almost 200% versus the same period the year before. We have increased our capacity on that rifle." The company was doing so well with its assault rifles that it decided to introduce a new variant in 22 caliber because the ammunition is much cheaper than the military-style ammunition used in the M&P15.
Understanding the Smith & Wesson M&P15 Semiautomatic Assault Rifle Used in the Aurora, Colorado Mass Murder. Violence Policy Center (July 2012). Retrieved on October 19, 2018.
Following news reports that the AR-15 style rifle used in the mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida was a Smith & Wesson M&P15 assault rifle, the Violence Policy Center (VPC) today released Understanding the Smith & Wesson M&P15 Semiautomatic Assault Rifle.
According to the VPC backgrounder, "The Smith & Wesson M&P15 assault rifle demonstrates the clear and present danger of a gun designed for war and ruthlessly marketed for profit to civilians."
The same model assault rifle was also used in an attack that left 12 dead at a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado in 2012 and in a mass shooting at a community center in San Bernardino, California in 2015 that left 14 dead.
Backgrounder on Smith & Wesson M&P15 Assault Rifle Used in Mass Shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida. Violence Policy Center (February 16, 2018).; "About the Smith & Wesson M&P15 rifle used in the mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School". The Wisconsin Gazette. February 17, 2018.
In the wake of declining household gun ownership, it is no secret that the gun industry has focused on semiautomatic military-style assault weapons, most notably AR-15-type rifles, in its marketing and sales efforts. The target markets are two-fold: older males who already own firearms and can be enticed into purchasing one — or one more — of these battlefield-derived weapons; young males, who although they lack interest in the traditional shooting sports such as hunting, are intrigued by what one gun industry trade magazine calls the "tactical coolness factor."
The Militarized Marketing of Bushmaster Assault Rifles. Violence Policy Center (April 2018).
On December 14, 2012, a Bushmaster XM-15 was used by 20-year-old Adam Lanza to kill 20 first-graders and six educators at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. Less than five months after the Newtown shooting, the company's leadership was honored by the National Rifle Association at the NRA's annual meeting with other gun industry financial supporters who had "given gifts of cash totaling $1,000,000 or more."
Remington Outdoor Company, formerly known as Freedom Group, is one of the largest gun manufacturers in the world and specializes in assault rifles and other military-style firearms. The company made the Bushmaster XM-15 assault rifle reportedly used at the Waffle House shooting in Nashville, Tennessee as well as the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in Newtown, Connecticut. An XM-15 was also used in the 2002 Washington, DC-area sniper attacks.
The Smith & Wesson M&P15 assault rifle demonstrates the clear and present danger of a gun designed for war and ruthlessly marketed for profit to civilians.
Understanding the Smith & Wesson M&P 15 Semiautomatic Assault Rifle. Violence Policy Center (February 2018). Retrieved on October 5, 2018.
The distinctive "look" of assault weapons is not cosmetic. It is the visual result of specific functional design decisions. Military assault weapons were designed and developed for a specific military purpose — laying down a high volume of fire over a wide killing zone, also known as "hosing down" an area. The most significant assault weapon functional design features are:
(1) ability to accept a high-capacity ammunition magazine,
(2) a rear pistol or thumb-hole grip, and,
(3) a forward grip or barrel shroud.
Taken together, these are the design features that make possible the deadly and indiscriminate "spray-firing" for which assault weapons are designed. None of them are features of true hunting or sporting guns. Civilian semiautomatic assault weapons incorporate all of the functional design features that make assault weapons so deadly. They are arguably more deadly than military versions, because most experts agree that semiautomatic fire is more accurate than automatic fire. Although the gun lobby today argues that there is no such thing as civilian assault weapons, the industry, the National Rifle Association, and gun magazines enthusiastically described these civilian versions as "assault rifles," "assault pistols," and "military assault" weapons to boost civilian sales throughout the 1980s. The industry and its allies only began to use the semantic argument that a "true" assault weapon is a machine gun after civilian assault weapons turned up in large numbers in the hands of drug traffickers, criminal gangs, mass murderers, and other dangerous criminals.
The high‐capacity Glock pistol stands as a stark example of the gun industry's marketing of increased lethality. Since the mid‐1980s, increased fire power and capacity have defined the products of the gun industry—of both U.S. and foreign manufacture.
Glock Pistols and Mass Shooters
Glock pistols have been part of the arsenals of the some of the most infamous mass shooters in the United States, including: the 2015 attack at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, South Carolina, that left nine dead; the 2011 attack at a Safeway in Tucson, Arizona, that left six dead and 13 wounded—including then‐U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords; and, the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting which left 33 dead and 17 wounded.
"The Glock Pistol: A Favorite of Mass Shooters". Violence Policy Center. November 2018.
Examples of Mass Shootings in the United States Involving Glock Pistols
Mass Shooting Incident
Luby's Cafeteria
Killeen, Texas
Shooter: George Hennard
24 dead (including shooter), 20 wounded
Firearm(s)
Glock 9mm pistol
Sturm Ruger P‐89 9mm pistol
Shooter: Dylann Roof
Glock .45 Model 41 pistol
Safeway parking lot
Shooter: Jared Loughner
6 dead, 13 wounded
Glock 19 pistol
Shooter: Seung‐Hui Cho
Tom Diaz
Josh Sugarmann
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