Image by Alice Pallott
NASA Mars rover is launching today. Here's everything you need to know
By Harriet Piercy
NASA is gearing up to send the next solar powered SUV-sized rover named Perseverance, or 'Percy' for short, to Mars. This is the fifth rover ever to be sent to Mars, and it's unlike any other that has gone before. Costing $2.4 billion, the vehicle has been specifically designed to collect video and audio as well as search for remains of potentially ancient microbial life—it also has the first spacecraft of its kind tucked neatly away in its belly, a helicopter called Ingenuity.
It is planned for the rover to drop the helicopter off, back away and watch as the newly born space explorer begins testing its flight. If successful, it will be the first controlled flight ever to be conducted on another planet, and may entirely change the way robots and humans explore these rocky enigmas in future—but the thin Martian air has just 1 per cent of the density that we have here on Earth, which makes flying extremely difficult.
MiMi Aung, the leader of the helicopter project at NASA states that "The first and foremost challenge is to make a vehicle that's light enough to be lifted." With all that responsibility, Ingenuity weighs just 4 pounds.
The little helicopter has four carbon-fiber blades, which are arranged into two rotors that spin at 2.400 revolutions per minute in opposite directions. These rotor blades have to be much larger and spin much faster than what would be required to lift a vehicle compared to our own atmosphere.
Perseverance and Ingenuity are two separate missions in one. While Ingenuity finds its wind, Percy the rover will be busy too—it is going to be carrying an experimental device that converts carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into oxygen, as well as test five samples of spacesuit materials, including a piece of helmet visor, to see how well they endure Mar's radioactivity. Perseverance will also be collecting data that could facilitate the prediction of weather on Mars, which is crucial to human survival on the planet.
The spacecrafts, although separate, will still be a team—two cameras on the underside of Ingenuity, one filming in black and white, the other one in colour, will be capturing footage of the surface below while Perseverance will be on the lookout with its own set of cameras, so that they can record each other. Inception, much?
"Imagine looking from Perseverance out at a helicopter that is flying around Perseverance, and the helicopter is looking back at Perseverance getting us images of what Perseverance is doing," NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine said. "We're going to be able to see with our own eyes, with motion pictures, these kind of activities happening on another world."
Everything so far is ready to launch, but anything could happen and there is only a slim window when this launch can be possible, which comes around every two years when Mars and Earth are closest to each other as they orbit around the sun. If NASA can't launch today, there are opportunities to launch every day up until 17 August. But after that, the agency must wait until 2022 to try again. Fingers crossed though, as this mission may be the turning point of our futures in space.
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Image courtesy of Alyssa Carson
Good to know: 18-year-old astronaut Alyssa Carson's mission to Mars
By Bianca Borissova
It's safe to say that humanity has pretty much always been obsessed with outer space. But it wasn't until our technology developed that the possibility of venturing into space materialised and the Space Race as we know it was born. And while the last century saw the race for space as being predominantly a competition between the Soviet Union and the U.S. for who will be the first to set foot on the moon, the 21st century has seen a drastic shift from that. Today, space is turning into a playground for wealthy men eager to launch their satellites and rockets into orbit and, hopefully for them, land on the Moon, Mars, or any other planet for that matter.
Going to Mars has been in talks for a while, and now, with an official plan by NASA to send humans to the red planet by the early 2030s, who will be the first to travel into the unknown? Meet Alyssa Carson, an 18-year-old female astronaut who is breaking (literal) barriers on her planned mission to Mars, working toward this goal pretty much her entire life.
Screen Shot spoke to Carson about Mars, her involvement in the space industry, and the current state of the Space Race. "I was around 3 years old," Carson says when asked when her fascination with Mars began. She claims she was inspired by Nickelodeon's The Backyardigans 'Mission to Mars' episode, and has been dedicated to set foot on Mars ever since—becoming the first person in the world to finish all of NASA's space camps, graduating high school, and receiving her pilot's license, all by the age of 18.
As of today I am officially a pilot! I can't believe it. I loved flying way more than I thought I would and I am so proud that this happened today👩🏻‍✈️
A post shared by Alyssa Carson (@nasablueberry) on Aug 3, 2019 at 2:56pm PDT
Carson is also the youngest person to have ever been accepted to the Advanced Possum Academy in October 2016 when she was just 15-years-old, graduating and becoming certified to to go to space— also making her the world's youngest astronaut in training. She has attended all of NASA's 19 spacecamps and is the only person in the world who completed the NASA passport programme, having visited all sites. Hoping to go to space for the first time for a short research mission in the "next year or so," Carson is now likely to be one of the first few people to go to Mars in the early 2030s.
"There are still a lot of challenges to overcome with this mission—there are the radiation levels, the simple idea of having food for 2-3 years, and getting back," says Carson. In 2001, when NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft launched, it was equipped with a special radiation measuring device, called the Martian Radiation Experiment (aka the MARIE), and detected about 8,000 millirads per year, working out to 8 rads. For comparison, humans in the most developed countries on earth are exposed to around 0.62 rads per year. Prolonged exposure to the kind of levels detected on Mars could lead to all kinds of health problems, such as acute radiation sickness, cancer, genetic damage, and even death.
None of this stops Carson, as she stays positive and trusts that the industry will be able to come up with solutions to all these issues prior to her sailing off to Mars. "I feel in pretty good hands," she says, believing that everyone working on making this mission a reality is immensely passionate and prioritise safety above all. And if they are even half as enthusiastic and determined as Carson herself, we can trust this to be the case.
This is an incredibly competitive industry, and Carson is not alone in her dream of traveling to outer space."18,000 people will apply and only around 12 get selected". When asked what it is like to be a young woman in this industry, Carson encourages to get more women on board, as well as create a more intersectional community within, including queer people as "it is lacking a bit in the space industry"—although she does mention that NASA aims to choose half-male, half-female astronauts.
Like most industries, we could do with more diversity, but the one thing we can not disregard is that there are a lot of incredible and inspiring women "empowering the space industry", Carson being one of them. Yet, somehow, the mainstream media almost always ignores this and focuses its attention on men. When was the last time you've read an article or listened to a podcast about going to space which did not involve Elon Musk's SpaceX or Jeff Bezos's Blue Origin? That is of course not to discredit the valuable work of both men or Musk's remarkable scientific developments, but it is about time we include women in the conversation.
Since I was a little girl, I've always had my heart set on mars. We need more girls in science, technology, engineering and math (#STEM), which is why I'm so excited to support @SheCanSTEM, a new campaign that empowers girls to follow their STEM dreams. #SheCanSTEM
A post shared by Alyssa Carson (@nasablueberry) on Sep 10, 2018 at 3:44pm PDT
As for the future of the industry, Carson believes that "space will start booming", space tourism will grow, and soon even ordinary civilians will be able to travel to outer space (although I wonder at what cost).
But is moving to another planet and starting over the solution to our many problems on Earth? "The reason why we are going to Mars is to offer the next level of stability—going to Mars will offer us more materials, more resources,"says Carson, who believes that relocating to outer space could ensure the survival of our species, as well as pave the way for rapid developments within science and technology, which naturally would improve lives both on Mars and on Earth.
But how do we make sure we don't destroy Mars the exact same way in which we are destroying our own planet, slowly directing it into environmental doom? "The ultimate goal is to care for Mars," says Carson. The idea of starting over is certainly appealing, but history does have a tendency to repeat itself, and we need to be very careful once we inhabit Mars or any other planet. Space is the place where you would have to reuse everything, as there is a limited amount of resources we can take from Earth to begin with.
There is also the challenge of figuring out how to transport an increasing amount of resources (after all, at the moment it does take 7 months to travel to Mars). So, hopefully, when we come to colonise Mars, we apply much more caution than we did to our own planet.
Until then, let's keep celebrating women like Carson who keep pushing boundaries and improving the space industry for the better.
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