Mar 5 2021 April 23, 2021
March 5, 2021 April 23, 2021 / Human Development / Childhood, Morality, Stage Theories / 14 minutes of reading
Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development is an expansion of Jean Piaget's interest in identifying the particularities of ethical evolution. The book The Moral Judgement of the Child summarizes Piaget's research in rule understanding and social norms revealed through the collective game governed by rules and the analysis of stories made by children regarding "bad deeds", such as stealing or lying. According to Kohlberg, the ontogenesis of morality has a hierarchical structure with two dimensions: levels and stages.
Jul 22 2020 December 1, 2021
John Bowlby's Theory of Attachment
July 22, 2020 December 1, 2021 / Human Development / Attachment, Childhood, Object relations / 12 minutes of reading
The psychological theory of attachment was first described by John Bowlby, a psychoanalyst who researched the effects of separation between infants and their parents. Bowlby hypothesized that the extreme behaviours infants engage in to avoid separation from a parent or when reconnecting after a physical separation —like crying, screaming, and clinging—were evolutionary mechanisms. These behaviours make up what Bowlby termed an "attachment behavioural system", the system that guides us in our patterns and habits of forming and maintaining relationships.
Dec 29 2019 May 15, 2021
Sigmund Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development
December 29, 2019 May 15, 2021 / Human Development / Childhood, Parenting, Stage Theories / 13 minutes of reading
Sigmund Freud is regarded as the father of psychodynamic theories, the founder of psychoanalysis and the creator of psychosexual stages theory of human development.
Regardless of the acceptance or disapproval of his ideas about human development, his influence over psychology was enormous. During a puritan era he managed to construct a theory of unconscious motivation, of human sexuality and instinctual aggression.
Nov 17 2019 January 11, 2021
Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
November 17, 2019 January 11, 2021 / Human Development / Childhood, Parenting, Stage Theories / 11 minutes of reading
Erikson was a stage theorist who took Freud's controversial theory of psychosexual development and modified it as a psychosocial theory, as he rejected the central importance of the sexual drive in favour of the progressive emergence of identity. Like Freud and many others, Erik Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order, and builds upon each previous stage. This is called the epigenetic principle.
Sep 21 2019 May 15, 2021
Jerome Bruner's Constructivist Theory of Development
September 21, 2019 May 15, 2021 / Human Development / Childhood, Cognitive Psychology, Education, Parenting, Social Psychology, Stage Theories / 8 minutes of reading
The American psychologist Jerome S. Bruner, strongly influenced by the work of Russian psychologist Lev Vygostky, further developed and applied his ideas in the field of education. Bruner declared that Vygotsky has convinced him about the impossibility of understanding the concept of human development in any other way than as a process of assistance, of collaboration between child and adult, where the adult is taking up the role of a sociocultural mediator. Due to its distinct features, we consider the theory to be a sociocultural constructivist one.
Sep 2 2019 January 11, 2021
The Social Genetic Model of Cognitive Development
September 2, 2019 January 11, 2021 / Human Development / Childhood, Culture, Parenting / 5 minutes of reading
During the 1970′, at Geneva, a new perspective on cognitive development has begun to emerge. The self-defined school of socio-genetical psychology advanced theories that represented a challenge addressed to the spirit of genetical epistemology.
Willem Doise, Gabriel Mugny and Jean Claude Deschamp, to name but a few of the representatives, declare that social interactions constitute the privileged setting which gives birth to the intellectual acquisitions of the child. There is a direct cause and effect link between social interaction and individual cognitive development.
Aug 7 2019 January 11, 2021
August 7, 2019 January 11, 2021 / Human Development / Childhood, Parenting, Social Psychology / 6 minutes of reading
The work of Lev Vygotsky (1934) has become the foundation of much research and theory in cognitive development over the past several decades, particularly of what has become known as Social Development Theory.
Vygotsky's theories stress the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition (Vygotsky, 1978), as he believed strongly that community plays a central role in the process of "making meaning."
Jul 13 2019 January 11, 2021
July 13, 2019 January 11, 2021 / Human Development / Childhood, Cognitive Psychology, Parenting, Stage Theories / 6 minutes of reading
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development (1935) explains how a child constructs a mental model of the world. He disagreed with the idea that intelligence was a fixed trait, and regarded cognitive development as a process which occurs due to biological maturation and interaction with the environment.
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