Formal Semantics and the Grammar of Predication (1985)
by Gennaro Chierchia
Venue: Linguistics Inquiry
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Information Structure and the Syntax-Phonology Interface
by Mark Steedman , 1998
"... The paper proposes a theory relating syntax, semantics, and intonational prosody, and covering a wide range of English intonational tunes and their semantic interpretation in terms of focus and information structure. The theory is based on a version of combinatory categorial grammar which directly p ..."
The paper proposes a theory relating syntax, semantics, and intonational prosody, and covering a wide range of English intonational tunes and their semantic interpretation in terms of focus and information structure. The theory is based on a version of combinatory categorial grammar which directly pairs phonological and logical forms without intermediary representational levels.
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...ns of dominance and command, rather than in terms of derivation, that the phenomena which in GB are covered by the Binding Theory can be most straightforwardly defined within the present theory---see =-=Chierchia 1985-=-, 1988, 1989. However, Szabolcsi 1989, Jacobson 1990, Hepple 1990, and Dowty 1982, 1992, discuss a number of ways of doing this without the mediation of predicate-argument structure within closely rel...
A Theory of Properties
by Ray Turner, Ray Turner - J. Symb. Log , 1987
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A syntax-based analysis of predication
by Claire Beyssade, Carmen Dobrovie-sorin - Proceedings of SALT 2005 , 2005
"... Adjectives and common nouns are currently assigned the same semantic analysis: both categories are said to denote sets of individuals (type <e,t>). We will show that this assumption is empirically inadequate and we will assume instead that adjectives denote properties (viewed as primitive enti ..."
Adjectives and common nouns are currently assigned the same semantic analysis: both categories are said to denote sets of individuals (type &lt;e,t&gt;). We will show that this assumption is empirically inadequate and we will assume instead that adjectives denote properties (viewed as primitive entities, not as sets of individuals) instantiated in individuals, whereas (number marked) common nouns basically denote sets of individuals. Correlated with this distinction, we will propose the existence of two distinct rules of predication: (i) an entity is a member of a set of entities and (ii) a property is localized in an entity. Our analysis is based on the Aristotelian view that has become the basic postulate of property theory (Chierchia 1982,1985, Chierchia and Turner 1988, Fox 2000), namely the existence of two basic types of entities: individuals and properties or, as Chierchia puts it, &apos;predicable and non predicable individuals&apos;. Our empirical investigation will cover a wide range of phenomena: (i) the different syntactic distribution of adjectives, bare NPs, and Number Phrases (NumPs); (ii) the contrast between ce and il/elle &apos;he/she &apos; in French; (iii) the behavior of names of profession in Romance copula sentences, which will be extended to bare NPs of the type fils d'avocat &apos;son of lawyer &apos; and ami (avec Pierre) &apos;friend (with Pierre)&apos;; (iv) the contrast between bare plurals and bare singulars.
Functional identity and resource-sensitivity in control
by Ash Asudeh, Miriam Butt, Tracy Holloway King (editors - Proceedings of the LFG00 conference , 2000
"... Glue semantics provides a semantics for Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) that is expressed using linear logic (Girard, 1987; Dalrymple, 1999) and provides an interpretation for the f(unctional)-structure level of syntactic representation, connecting it to the level of s(emantic)-structure in LFG's p ..."
Glue semantics provides a semantics for Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) that is expressed using linear logic (Girard, 1987; Dalrymple, 1999) and provides an interpretation for the f(unctional)-structure level of syntactic representation, connecting it to the level of s(emantic)-structure in LFG's parallel projection architecture (Kaplan, 1987, 1995). Due to its use of linear logic for meaning assembly, Glue is resource-sensitive:
Impersonal Passives: A Phase-based Analysis
by Peter Svenonius
"... the pattern of impersonal passives in English and the Scandinavian languages, with supporting evidence drawn from French and Spanish. The basic observation is that the location of an 'associate ' DP in impersonal passives varies cross-linguistically. The basic order can be taken to be that in (1), w ..."
the pattern of impersonal passives in English and the Scandinavian languages, with supporting evidence drawn from French and Spanish. The basic observation is that the location of an 'associate ' DP in impersonal passives varies cross-linguistically. The basic order can be taken to be that in (1), where the order is participle-object (essentially VO), and the minimal assumption is that the object is in situ. This is the neutral order for Eastern Norwegian, which, as the sociopolitically dominant dialect, can be referred to as Norwegian. Participle-object is also the usual order for closely related Danish and Icelandic, and in French, as shown. Though I have glossed them quite literally, all of the examples in (1) mean essentially the same as the English sentence 'There were three journalists arrested.' (1) a. Det ble arrestert tre journalister. it became arrested three journalists ((E.) Norwegian) b. Der blev arresteret tre journalister.
...r a well-formed LF (for example if X is an unsaturated function). I suggested above that the VP in Norwegian goes to Spell-Out quite early; I assume that VP is property-denoting, in the sense of e.g. =-=Chierchia 1985-=-. If v is a predicative head (cf. Bowers' 1992 'Pr'), then vP is a predicate, and therefore unsuitable for Spell-Out regardless of whether its features are checked. Moving the object up to the left of...
Nominalization, Predication and Type Containment
by Fairouz Kamareddine, Ewan Klein, Buccleuch Place , 1993
"... In an attempt to accommodate natural language phenomena involving nominalization and self-application, various researchers in formal semantics have proposed abandoning the hierarchical type system which Montague inherited from Russell, in favour of more flexible type regimes. We briey review the mai ..."
In an attempt to accommodate natural language phenomena involving nominalization and self-application, various researchers in formal semantics have proposed abandoning the hierarchical type system which Montague inherited from Russell, in favour of more flexible type regimes. We briey review the main extant proposals, and then develop a new approach, based semantically on Aczel&apos;s notion of Frege structure, which implements a version of subsumption polymorphism. Nominalization is achieved by virtue of the fact that the types of predicative and propositional complements are contained in the type of individuals. Russell&apos;s paradox is avoided by placing a type-constraint on lambda-abstraction, rather than by restricting comprehension.
Semantics and Parsing in Intuitionistic Categorial Grammar
by Rogelio Dávila Pérez, Intuitionistic Categorial
1Impersonal Passives: A Phase-based Analysis
the pattern of impersonal passives in English and the Scandinavian languages, with supporting evidence drawn from French and Spanish. The basic observation is that the location of an 'associate ' DP in impersonal passives varies cross-linguistically. The basic order can be taken to be that in (1), where the order is participle-object (essentially VO), and the minimal assumption is that the object is in situ. This is the neutral order for Eastern Norwegian, which, as the sociopolitically dominant dialect, can be referred to as Norwegian. Participle-object is also the usual order for closely related Danish and Icelandic, and in French, as shown. Though I have glossed them quite literally, all of the examples in (1) mean essentially the same as the English sentence 'There were three journalists arrested.' (1) a. Det ble arrestert tre journalister. ((E.) Norwegian) it became arrested three journalists b. Der blev arresteret tre journalister. (Danish) there became arrested three journalists
Case Alternations in Potential Constructions in Japanese and their Semantic Implications Hiroaki Nakamura and Takeshi Fujita' Japan Maritime Safety Academy
"... In potential constructions in Japanese, any argument of a base verb, whether it is an argument, an adjunct or even an argument with no thematic relation to the verb, can be marked with nominative case. Addressing the problem of various types of case alternations as well as `ga-no ' conversion, ..."
In potential constructions in Japanese, any argument of a base verb, whether it is an argument, an adjunct or even an argument with no thematic relation to the verb, can be marked with nominative case. Addressing the problem of various types of case alternations as well as `ga-no &apos; conversion, this paper argues for the existence of some semantically motivated mechanism licensing nominative and genitive case, which adequately accounts for the distributions of these cases in these constructions. We also claim that there is a close connection between the morphological realization of case and the overall semantic interpretation of a sentence. 1.
...erb araw 'wash' is not suppressed in (3c). Assuming that an implicit agent occupies the subject position, i.e., [SPEC, VP], of a base verb the structure of potential sentences would be something like =-=(4)-=-: 3If the subject in a passive is replaced by an NP which refers to a person whom the speaker considers to be worthy of respect, it can become the antecedent of zibun and agree with the honorific verb...
Double Subject, Double Nominative Object and Double Accusative Object Constructions in Japanese and Korean
by Hiroaki Nakamura
"... This paper presents a unified account of three kinds of constructions in which more than one NP can show up with the same case in simple sentences in Japanese and Korean: double subject, double nominative object and double accusative constructions. Noting that the second NPs in these constructions a ..."
This paper presents a unified account of three kinds of constructions in which more than one NP can show up with the same case in simple sentences in Japanese and Korean: double subject, double nominative object and double accusative constructions. Noting that the second NPs in these constructions are functional or relational, this paper proposes to assign them the category and type different from the first NPs. We show the derivations of these three constructions in a parallel manner, and explain the asymmetries in extractability between possessor and possessed NPs in relativization. 1