Programmable Safety Controllers
samos® PRO COMPACT (Software Programmable)
samos® (Dial Programming)
General Purpose (SNO/SNA/SNT)
Timed Safety Relays (SNV)
Standstill Monitors (SVM/SNS)
Contact Expansion (SNE)
Two Hand Controllers (SNZ)
RFID Switches (STS)
Magnetic Switches (SMA)
Solenoid Interlock Switches (SIN)
Interlock Switches (SMS)
Emergency Stops (SNH)
Light Curtains (SLC)
Light Grids (SLD)
Light Barrier Accessories
Legislation & Standards
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Safety Legislation and Standards
Wieland Electric knows safety and the standards that relate to it. The information below is an overview of some of the applicable standards for our industry. Still confused? Contact Wieland and we'll explain how we can help.
Global safety standards for machinery are governed by two organizations: ISO and IEC. Regional and country standards are still in existence and continue to support local requirements but in many countries there has been a move toward using the international standards produced by ISO and IEC.
IEC covers electrotechnical issues and ISO covers all other issues. In most countries standards can be regarded as voluntary whereas regulations are legally mandatory. However standards are usually used as the practical interpretation of the regulations. Therefore the worlds of standards and regulations are closely interlinked.
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
ISO is a non-governmental organization comprised of the national standards bodies of most of the countries of the world. ISO generates standards for designing, manufacturing and using machinery more efficiently, safer and cleaner. The standards also make trade between countries easier and fairer.
The ISO machine standards are organized in three levels: Type A, B and C.
For more information, visit the ISO website: http://www.iso.org
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission)
The IEC prepares and publishes international standards for electrical, electronic and related technologies. Through its members, the IEC promotes international cooperation on all questions of electrotechnical standardization and related matters, such as the assessment of conformity to electrotechnical standards.
For more information, visit the IEC website: http://www.iec.ch.
EN Harmonized European Standards
The use of these standards is voluntary but designing and manufacturing equipment to them is the most direct way of demonstrating compliance with the EHSRs of the Machinery Directive.
They are divided into 3 types: A, B and C standards.
Type A. Standards: Cover all types of machines.
Type B. Standards: B1 standards which cover particular safety and ergonomic aspects of machinery, and B2 standards which cover safety components and protective devices.
Type C. Standards: Cover specific types or groups of machines.
Note: Complying with a C Standard gives automatic presumption of conformity with the EHSRs. In the absence of a suitable C Standard, A and B Standards can be used as part or full proof of EHSR conformity by pointing to compliance with relevant sections.
In most cases an EN Standard has a counterpart in IEC or ISO. In general the two texts will be the same and any regional differences will be given in the forward of the standard.
Where possible, OSHA promulgates national consensus standards or established Federal standards as safety standards. The mandatory provisions (e.g., the word shall implies mandatory) of the standards, incorporated by reference, have the same force and effects as the standards listed in Part 1910. For example, the national consensus standard NFPA 70 is listed as a reference document in Appendix A of Subpart S-Electrical of Part 1910 of 29 CFR. NFPA 70 is a voluntary standard, which was developed by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). NFPA 70 is also known as the National Electric Code (NEC). By incorporation, all the mandatory requirements in the NEC are mandatory by OSHA.
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) serves as the administrator and coordinator of the United States private sector voluntary standardization system.
ANSI does not develop standards it facilitates the development of standards by establishing consensus among qualified groups.
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) was organized in 1896. Its mission is to reduce the burden of fire on the quality of life by advocating scientifically based consensus codes and standards, research and education for fire and related safety issues.. Article 670 of the NEC covers some details on industrial machinery and refers to the Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery, NFPA 79.
NFPA 79 applies to electrical/electronic equipment, apparatus, or systems of industrial machines operating from a nominal voltage of 600 volts or less. The purpose of NFPA 79 is to provide detailed information for the application of electrical/electronic equipment, apparatus, or systems supplied as part of industrial machines that will promote safety to life and property. NFPA 79, which was officially adopted by ANSI in 1962, is very similar in content to the standard IEC 60204-1.
Machines, which are not covered by specific OSHA standards, are required to be free of recognized hazards which may cause death or serious injuries. These machines must be designed and maintained to meet or exceed the requirements of applicable industry standards. NFPA 79 is a standard that would apply to machines not specifically covered by OSHA standards.
Robot Industries Association
ANSI RIA R15.06
Safety Requirements for Industrial Robots and Robot Systems
Packaging Machinery Manufacturer's Institute
American Society of Safety Engineers
Society of Plastics Industry
Canadian Standards
CSA Standards reflect a national consensus of manufactures, consumers, retailers, unions, professional organizations, and government agencies. The standards are used widely by industry and commerce and often adopted by municipal, provincial, and federal governments in their regulations, particularly in the fields of health, safety, construction, and the environment.
The Standards Council of Canada is the coordinating body of the National Standards system, a federation of independent, autonomous organizations working towards the further development and improvement of voluntary standardization in the national interest.
CSA Z432-04
Safeguarding of Machinery
Industrial Robots and Robot Systems - General Safety Requirements
Control of hazardous energy – Lockout and other methods
Code for Power Press Operation: Health, Safety, and Guarding Requirements
OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart O: Machinery and Machine Guarding
1910.211 – Definitions
1910.212 – General standard that applies to all machines not specifically mentioned elsewhere in other sections of Subpart O. Other sections are specific standards that apply to particular types of machines. For example 1910.213 applies to woodworking machinery.
1910.213 – Woodworking Machinery Requirement.
1910.214 – Cooperage Machinery .
1910.215 – Abrasive Machinery.
1910.216 – Mills and Calenders in the rubber and plastics industry.
1910.217 – Mechanical power presses.
1910.218 – Forging machines.
1910.219 – Mechanical Power Transmission apparatus.
ANSI/NFPA 70
US National Electrical Code
ANSI/NFPA 70E
Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces
Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery
ANSI B11.1
Machine Tools - Mechanical Power Presses - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
Machine Tools - Hydraulic Power Presses, Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
Power Press Brakes, Safety Requirements for the Construction, Care, and Use
Machine Tools - Shears - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
Machine Tools - Iron Workers - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
Lathes, Safety Requirements for the Construction, Care, and Use
Machine Tools - Cold Headers and Cold Formers, Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
Drilling, Milling, and Boring Machines, Safety Requirements for the Construction, Care, and Use
Grinding Machines, Safety Requirements for the Construction, Care, and Use
ANSI B11.10
Metal Sawing Machines, Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
Gear Cutting Machines, Safety Requirements for the Construction, Care, and Use
Machine Tools - Roll-Forming and Roll-Bending Machines - Safety Requirements for the Construction, Care, and Use
Machine Tools - Single- and Multiple-Spindle Automatic Bar and Chucking Machines - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care and Use
Machine Tools - Coil-Slitting Machines Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use – Withdrawn and rolled into B11.18
Pipe, Tube, and Shape Bending Machines, Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
Metal Powder Compacting Presses, Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
Machine Tools - Horizontal Hydraulic Extrusion Presses - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
Machine Tools - Machines and Machinery Systems for Processing Strip, Sheet, or Plate from Coiled Configuration - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
Machine Tools - Safeguarding When Referenced by Other B11 Machine Tool Safety Standards-Performance Criteria for the Design, Construction, Care and Operation
Machine Tools - Manufacturing Systems/Cells – Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
Machine Tools - Machine Tools Using Lasers for Processing Materials - Safety Requirements for Design, Construction, Care, and Use
ANSI B11.TR3
Risk assessment and risk reduction – A guide to estimate, evaluate and reduce risks associated with machine tools
This technical report covers the application of programmable controllers to safety applications.
This technical report, currently in development, will provide circuit examples of safety functions to accommodate various levels of risk Reduction.
ANSI ISO 12100
Safety of machinery. Basic concepts, general principles for design. Parts -1 and -2
The standard ISO 12100 has been adopted in the US by AMT as an identical ANSI standard. ISO 12100 is a globally applicable top level basic principles standard that forms the framework for most of the ISO, IEC and EN machinery safety standards. It provides a risk assessment approach as opposed to a prescriptive and restrictive approach. The aim is to avoid cost and trade barrier problems caused by a multiplicity of different national standards covering the same subject in different ways.
ANSI PMMI B155.1
Safety Requirements for Packaging Machinery and Packaging-Related Converting Machinery
The packaging standard was recently revised to incorporate risk assessment and risk reduction.
Z224.1
Control of Hazardous Energy, Lockout/Tag out and Alternative Methods
This standard is similar to OSHA 1910.147. It provides a method (risk assessment) to determine the appropriate alternative method when energy cannot be locked out.
ANSI B151.1
Horizontal Injection Molding Machines – Safety Requirements for Manufacture, Care and Use
ANSI B151.15
Extrusion Blow Molding Machines – Safety Requirements
Injection Blow Molding Machines - Safety Requirements
Plastics Machinery - Dynamic Reaction - Injection Molding Machines - Safety Requirements for the Manufacture, Care and Use
Plastics Machinery - Robots used with Horizontal Injection Molding Machines - Safety Requirements for the Integration, Care and Use
Plastics Machinery - Machines to Cut, Slit, of Buff Plastic Foams - Safety Requirements for the Manufacture, Care and Use
IEC/EN 60204-1
Electrical equipment of machines—Pt 1 General requirements.
This is a very important standard that outlines recommendations for safety related aspects of wiring and electrical equipment on machines. A significantly revised version was published in 2006.
Functional safety of electrical, electronic and programmable electronic safety-related systems.
This standard is important because it contains the requirements and provisions that are necessary for the design of complex electronic and programmable systems and subsystems. The standard is generic so it is not restricted to the machinery sector. It is a lengthy and complex document comprising seven parts. Within the machinery sector, its use is mostly for the design of complex devices such as safety PLCs. For system level design and integration aspects for machinery the sector specific standards such as IEC/EN 62061 or EN ISO 13849-1 are probably the most suitable. IEC 61508 has mapped out the approach for a new generation of sector and product specific standards that is now emerging. It introduced the term SIL (safety integrity level) SIL 1 is the lowest and SIL 4 is the highest. SIL 4 is not usually applicable to the machinery sector because it is intended to be related to very high risk levels more associated with sectors such as petrochemical or nuclear.
IEC 62061 (EN 62061)
Functional safety of safety related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems.
This standard is one of the new generations of standards that use the term SIL (safety integrity level). It is the machinery specific implementation of IEC/EN 61508. It specifies requirements and makes recommendations for the design, integration and validation of electrical safety related control systems for machines. This standard provides an alternative approach to EN ISO 13849-1 and is intended to be useful for the increasingly complex safety functionality required for today's current and future machinery For less complex safety functionality EN ISO 13849-1 may be easier to implement. The use of these standards requires the availability of data such as PFHD (probability of dangerous failure per hour) or MTTFd (mean time to dangerous failure).
Electro-sensitive protective equipment Pt 1: General requirements and tests.
General requirements and tests.
Pt 2: Particular requirements for equipment using active optoelectronic protective devices.
Part 1 gives requirements and test procedures for the control and monitoring aspects for electrosensitive protective equipment. Subsequent parts deal with aspects particular to the sensing side of the system. Part 2 gives particular requirements for safety light curtains.
IEC 61800-5-2 (EN 61800-5-2)
Functional safety of power drive systems.
This standard deals with drives that have safety functionality.
Safety of machinery. Basic concepts, general principles for design. Parts 1 & 2
This is an A standard which outlines all the basic principles including risk assessment, guarding, interlocking, emergency stops, trip devices, safety distances, etc. It references to other standards that provide greater levels of detail.
In the near future it is likely that EN ISO 12100 and EN ISO 14121 will be combined into one standard.
Principles for risk assessment.
This principle outlines the fundamentals of assessing the risks during the life of the machinery. It summarizes methods for hazard analysis and risk estimation.
An ISO Technical Report: ISO/TR 14121-2 is also available. It gives practical guidance and examples of methods for risk assessment.
Safety of Integrated Manufacturing Systems— Basic Requirements.
This standard was published in its revised form in 2007. It was significantly updated making it very useful for contemporary integrated machinery.
EN ISO 13849-1:2008 Safety related parts of control systems—Pt 1: General principles for design
This standard is the result of the significant revision of the old EN 954-1 (which is due for withdrawal at the end of 2011). It introduced many new aspects for Functional Safety of control systems. The term "PL" (Performance Level) is used to describe the level of integrity of a system or a subsystem.
It is available as an alternative to IEC/EN 62061 (see later). Note that EN ISO 13849-1 covers all technologies of control system whereas IEC/EN 62061 only covers electrical technology.
EN ISO 13849-1 is intended to provide a direct transition path from the categories of the previous EN 954-1. It has a relatively simple methodology compared to IEC/EN 62061 but this is at the expense of some constraints and restrictions. Either the revised ISO/EN 13849-1 or IEC/EN 62061 can be applied to machinery electrical safety related systems and the user should choose whichever one is best suited to their needs but EN ISO 13849-1 is often preferred when transitioning from Categories.
For the latest information on the use and status of EN 954-1 visit: http://discover.rockwellautomation.com/EN_Safety_Solutions.aspx. In the meantime it is advised that the extension of the transition period is used to move over to the use of the later standards (EN ISO 13849-1 or IEC/EN 62061) in a timely manner.
EN ISO 13849-2
Safety related parts of control systems—Pt 2: Validation
This standard provides details for validation of safety related parts of control systems. It has annexes that give details safety components, principles and fault exclusion.
Emergency Stop devices, functional aspects—Principles for design.
Provides design principles and requirements.
ISO 13851 (EN 574)
Two-hand control devices—Functional aspects—Principles for design.
Provides requirements and guidance on the design and selection of two-hand control devices, including the prevention of defeat and the avoidance of faults.
Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper and lower limbs.
Provides data for calculation of safe aperture sizes and positioning for guards, etc.
Minimum distances to avoid crushing parts of the human body.
Provides data for calculation of safe gaps between moving parts, etc.
The positioning of protective equipment in respect to approach speeds of parts of the human body.
Provides methods for designers to calculate the minimum safety distances from a hazard for specific safety devices, in particular for electrosensitive devices (e.g., light curtains), pressure sensitive mats/floors and two-hand controls. It contains a principle for the positioning of safety devices based on approach speed and machine stopping time that can reasonably be extrapolated to cover interlocked guard doors without guard locking.
ISO 13856-1 (EN 1760-1)
Pressure Sensitive Safety Devices—Pt 1: Mats & Floors.
Provides requirements and test procedures.
Pressure Sensitive Safety Devices—Pt 2: Edges & Bars.
Provides requirements and test procedures
ISO 14118 (EN 1037)
Prevention of unexpected start-up—Isolation and energy dissipation
Defines measures aimed at isolating machines from power supplies and dissipating stored energy to prevent unexpected machine startup and allow safe intervention with machinery.
Interlocking devices associated with guards—Principles for design and selection.
Provides principles for the design and selection of interlocking devices associated with guards.
In order to verify mechanical switches it refers to IEC 60947-5-1— Low voltage switch gear—Pt 5: Control circuit devices and switching elements—Section 1: Electromechanical control circuit devices.
In order to verify non-mechanical switches it refers to IEC 60947-5-3—Particular requirements for proximity devices with defined behavior under fault conditions.
General Requirements for the Design and Construction of Guards.
Provides definitions, descriptions and design requirements for fixed and movable guards.
There is a large range of Type C Standards that cover specific types of machinery. For example:
Safety of packaging machines. Palletizers and depalletizers.
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