Role for recombinant γ-glutamyltransferase from Treponema denticola in glutathione metabolism
Lianrui Chu, Xiaoping Xu, Zheng Dong, David Cappelli, Jefferey L. Ebersole
Volatile sulfur compounds, including hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have been implicated in the development of periodontal disease. Glutathione is an important thiol source for H2S production in periodontal pockets. Our recent studies have delineated a pathway of glutathione metabolism in Treponema denticola that releases H2S. In this pathway, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been proposed to catalyze the first step of glutathione degradation. We have cloned the gene of GGT from T. denticola, which contains an open reading frame of 726 bp encoding a protein of 241 amino acids. Transformation of this gene into Escherichia coli led to the expression of a recombinant protein. After purification by chromatography, the recombinant protein showed enzymatic activity typical of GGT, catalyzing the degradation of Na-γ-glutamyl-4-nitroaniline (GNA) and the hydrolysis of glutathione, releasing glutamic acid or glutamine and cysteinylglycine. L-Cysteine is not a substrate of GGT. Importantly, GNA, when added to T. denticola, was able to compete with glutathione and inhibit the production of H2S, ammonia, and pyruvate. This was accompanied by the suppression of hemoxidative and hemolytic activities of the bacteria. Purified GGT was inactivated by TLCK (Nα-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone) and proteinase K treatment. However, higher enzymatic activity was demonstrated in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol. Our further experiments showed that the addition of recombinant GGT to Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium without significant glutathione-metabolizing capacity, drastically increased the utilization of glutathione by the bacterium, producing H2S, ammonia, and pyruvate. This was again accompanied by enhanced bacterial hemoxidative and hemolytic activities. Together, the results suggest an important role for GGT in glutathione metabolism in oral bacteria.
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.1.335-342.2003
Treponema denticola
Pyruvic Acid
cysteinylglycine
Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone
Periodontal Pocket
Endopeptidase K
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Mercaptoethanol
Dithiothreitol
Chu, L., Xu, X., Dong, Z., Cappelli, D., & Ebersole, J. L. (2003). Role for recombinant γ-glutamyltransferase from Treponema denticola in glutathione metabolism. Infection and Immunity, 71(1), 335-342. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.1.335-342.2003
Role for recombinant γ-glutamyltransferase from Treponema denticola in glutathione metabolism. / Chu, Lianrui; Xu, Xiaoping; Dong, Zheng; Cappelli, David; Ebersole, Jefferey L.
In: Infection and Immunity, Vol. 71, No. 1, 01.01.2003, p. 335-342.
Chu, L, Xu, X, Dong, Z, Cappelli, D & Ebersole, JL 2003, 'Role for recombinant γ-glutamyltransferase from Treponema denticola in glutathione metabolism', Infection and Immunity, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 335-342. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.1.335-342.2003
Chu L, Xu X, Dong Z, Cappelli D, Ebersole JL. Role for recombinant γ-glutamyltransferase from Treponema denticola in glutathione metabolism. Infection and Immunity. 2003 Jan 1;71(1):335-342. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.1.335-342.2003
Chu, Lianrui ; Xu, Xiaoping ; Dong, Zheng ; Cappelli, David ; Ebersole, Jefferey L. / Role for recombinant γ-glutamyltransferase from Treponema denticola in glutathione metabolism. In: Infection and Immunity. 2003 ; Vol. 71, No. 1. pp. 335-342.
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title = "Role for recombinant γ-glutamyltransferase from Treponema denticola in glutathione metabolism",
abstract = "Volatile sulfur compounds, including hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have been implicated in the development of periodontal disease. Glutathione is an important thiol source for H2S production in periodontal pockets. Our recent studies have delineated a pathway of glutathione metabolism in Treponema denticola that releases H2S. In this pathway, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been proposed to catalyze the first step of glutathione degradation. We have cloned the gene of GGT from T. denticola, which contains an open reading frame of 726 bp encoding a protein of 241 amino acids. Transformation of this gene into Escherichia coli led to the expression of a recombinant protein. After purification by chromatography, the recombinant protein showed enzymatic activity typical of GGT, catalyzing the degradation of Na-γ-glutamyl-4-nitroaniline (GNA) and the hydrolysis of glutathione, releasing glutamic acid or glutamine and cysteinylglycine. L-Cysteine is not a substrate of GGT. Importantly, GNA, when added to T. denticola, was able to compete with glutathione and inhibit the production of H2S, ammonia, and pyruvate. This was accompanied by the suppression of hemoxidative and hemolytic activities of the bacteria. Purified GGT was inactivated by TLCK (Nα-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone) and proteinase K treatment. However, higher enzymatic activity was demonstrated in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol. Our further experiments showed that the addition of recombinant GGT to Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium without significant glutathione-metabolizing capacity, drastically increased the utilization of glutathione by the bacterium, producing H2S, ammonia, and pyruvate. This was again accompanied by enhanced bacterial hemoxidative and hemolytic activities. Together, the results suggest an important role for GGT in glutathione metabolism in oral bacteria.",
author = "Lianrui Chu and Xiaoping Xu and Zheng Dong and David Cappelli and Ebersole, {Jefferey L.}",
doi = "10.1128/IAI.71.1.335-342.2003",
T1 - Role for recombinant γ-glutamyltransferase from Treponema denticola in glutathione metabolism
AU - Chu, Lianrui
AU - Xu, Xiaoping
AU - Dong, Zheng
AU - Cappelli, David
AU - Ebersole, Jefferey L.
N2 - Volatile sulfur compounds, including hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have been implicated in the development of periodontal disease. Glutathione is an important thiol source for H2S production in periodontal pockets. Our recent studies have delineated a pathway of glutathione metabolism in Treponema denticola that releases H2S. In this pathway, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been proposed to catalyze the first step of glutathione degradation. We have cloned the gene of GGT from T. denticola, which contains an open reading frame of 726 bp encoding a protein of 241 amino acids. Transformation of this gene into Escherichia coli led to the expression of a recombinant protein. After purification by chromatography, the recombinant protein showed enzymatic activity typical of GGT, catalyzing the degradation of Na-γ-glutamyl-4-nitroaniline (GNA) and the hydrolysis of glutathione, releasing glutamic acid or glutamine and cysteinylglycine. L-Cysteine is not a substrate of GGT. Importantly, GNA, when added to T. denticola, was able to compete with glutathione and inhibit the production of H2S, ammonia, and pyruvate. This was accompanied by the suppression of hemoxidative and hemolytic activities of the bacteria. Purified GGT was inactivated by TLCK (Nα-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone) and proteinase K treatment. However, higher enzymatic activity was demonstrated in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol. Our further experiments showed that the addition of recombinant GGT to Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium without significant glutathione-metabolizing capacity, drastically increased the utilization of glutathione by the bacterium, producing H2S, ammonia, and pyruvate. This was again accompanied by enhanced bacterial hemoxidative and hemolytic activities. Together, the results suggest an important role for GGT in glutathione metabolism in oral bacteria.
AB - Volatile sulfur compounds, including hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have been implicated in the development of periodontal disease. Glutathione is an important thiol source for H2S production in periodontal pockets. Our recent studies have delineated a pathway of glutathione metabolism in Treponema denticola that releases H2S. In this pathway, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been proposed to catalyze the first step of glutathione degradation. We have cloned the gene of GGT from T. denticola, which contains an open reading frame of 726 bp encoding a protein of 241 amino acids. Transformation of this gene into Escherichia coli led to the expression of a recombinant protein. After purification by chromatography, the recombinant protein showed enzymatic activity typical of GGT, catalyzing the degradation of Na-γ-glutamyl-4-nitroaniline (GNA) and the hydrolysis of glutathione, releasing glutamic acid or glutamine and cysteinylglycine. L-Cysteine is not a substrate of GGT. Importantly, GNA, when added to T. denticola, was able to compete with glutathione and inhibit the production of H2S, ammonia, and pyruvate. This was accompanied by the suppression of hemoxidative and hemolytic activities of the bacteria. Purified GGT was inactivated by TLCK (Nα-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone) and proteinase K treatment. However, higher enzymatic activity was demonstrated in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol. Our further experiments showed that the addition of recombinant GGT to Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium without significant glutathione-metabolizing capacity, drastically increased the utilization of glutathione by the bacterium, producing H2S, ammonia, and pyruvate. This was again accompanied by enhanced bacterial hemoxidative and hemolytic activities. Together, the results suggest an important role for GGT in glutathione metabolism in oral bacteria.
U2 - 10.1128/IAI.71.1.335-342.2003
DO - 10.1128/IAI.71.1.335-342.2003
10.1128/IAI.71.1.335-342.2003