Tag: PsyOps
Further calls for inquiry into psyops initiative following an apology for smearing Jeremy Corbyn
April 9, 2019 April 9, 2019 · 4 Comments ·
The Institute for Statecraft and its offshoot, the Integrity Initiative, constitute a secret propaganda network tied to the UK security services and the broader establishment. They bring together high-ranking military and intelligence personnel, journalists and academics to manufacture and disseminate propaganda serving the geopolitical and economic aims of the UK and those of its allies.
Created by the NATO-affiliated, UK-funded Institute for Statecraft in 2015, the Integrity Initiative was unmasked last November after Anonymous hackers released a volume of documents detailing a web of politicians, journalists, military personnel, scientists and academics involved in purportedly fighting 'Russian disinformation.'
The Integrity Initiative is run by military intelligence and communication specialists.
The highly secretive, government-bankrolled "network of networks" has found itself under scrutiny for smearing Her Majesty's opposition leader Jeremy Corbyn as a 'Kremlin stooge' – ostensibly as part of its crusade against 'Russian disinformation.' It was also revealed that the infowars unit developed secretive "clusters" of friendly journalists and "key influencers" throughout Europe who use social media to 'hit back against disinformation.' The Initiative has received more than £2.2million from the Foreign Office in two years to – in one minister's words – "defend democracy against disinformation."
It would be closer to the truth to say that the Initiative defends disinformation against democracy.
The leaks indicated that the organisation played a central role in shaping media narratives after Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia were mysteriously poisoned in Salisbury last March. It's notable that many of the draconian anti-Russia measures that the group advocated as far back as 2015 were swiftly implemented following the Skripal affair – even as Whitehall refused to back up its blame frame with evidence. That the Initiative serves a highly political 'strategic comms' role is beyond doubt.
The Integrity Initiative is a self declared 'charity', funded by the UK Foreign Office, British Army and Ministry of Defence, which has been described by the Sunday Mail as a right wing infowars unit. But let's call it what it is: a right wing establishment's black ops propaganda unit.
The Labour party has made renewed calls for an investigation into the government-funded Integrity Initiative (II) after it emerged that the group had now apologised to Jeremy Corbyn – and apparently admitted violating charity law.
Leaders of the highly controversial Integrity Initiative, which a registered Scottish charity, said they had written to the Labour leader after personal attacks on Corbyn were retweeted on the unit's Twitter feed. The publicly funded subsidiary of the Institute for Statecraft (IFS), apparently accused him of aiding Russia, possibly 'unwittingly.'
In the wake of the tweets, which were exposed by the Sunday Mail, among others, four months ago, the II and its supporters denied Corbyn had been unfairly targeted.
However, it emerged yesterday that an apology had been given, with the IFS's founder Chris Donnelly apparently admitting that the activities breached both Foreign Office rules and Scottish charity law. The group are registered at a Fife address.
The HQ of the Institute for Statecraft in Fife (Image: Sunday Mail)
Labour MSP Neil Findlay said: "It is right and proper that this organisation has apologised but there are still further serious questions to be answered here.
"This is a charity registered in Scotland and overseen by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator, funded by UK Government contributions. It should never have been spewing out political attacks on the Labour Party and the Labour movement.
"Such clear political attacks shouldn't be coming from any charity. We need to know why the Foreign Office has been funding it.
"This cannot be allowed to pass. We need a full inquiry into the actions of this organisation and its links to the Conservative Government."
Findlay has previously said: "The tale of the Integrity Initiative gets murkier and murkier – now we see it exposed that they have been tutored by someone who was behind some of the worst fake news circulating during the disaster in Iraq.
"The UK Parliament and Scotland's charity regulator OSCR must now take a serious look at the activities and funding of this so-called charity, who appear to be nothing more than a propaganda front."
The II, which has received £2million in public funding, had already been the subject of an Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator (OSCR) investigation. The OSCR was unavailable for comment yesterday and has yet to complete its inquiry.
However, quotes published by The Times, show Donnelly appearing to admit that the OSCR's rules had been broken.
He said: "We put out something like 26,000 tweets.
"About 400 made reference to some political party or politician, and they were roughly equal between the main political parties, but we should not have sent [them] because the Foreign Office does not allow us to make any party political comment, nor does Scottish charity law.
"That was a mistake and we wrote letters of apology to Jeremy Corbyn. I have been special adviser to two Tory defence secretaries, and for Labour's John Reid and George Robertson, so we are as apolitical as we could be."
It emerged that the charity had connections to strategic comms guru John Rendon, whose Rendon Group was hired by the CIA in the 90s to run a PR campaign against Saddam Hussein and is said to have been behind stories of 'Iraqi weapons of mass destruction'.
Hacked documents revealed that Rendon, who calls himself an "information warrior" and "perception manager", was a speaker at a £45,000 seminar to "educate core team and clusters" for the Integrity Initiative.
Donnelly is an honorary colonel in military intelligence. Another member of the board, Dan Lafayeedney, was an SAS soldier in 1978 and director Stephen Dalziel worked in military intelligence.
The Labour Party has already called for an independent investigation. Foreign Office minister Alan Duncan at first promised a full investigation but later attempted to dismiss the scandal as "Russian disinformation". Integrity Initiative officials argued that other tweets had been critical of politicians of other parties. However, the weight of criticism was aimed at HM's opposition leader.
Labour's Chris Williamson has previously said: "One of the most worrying aspects of the Integrity Initiative's activities is this seemingly covert effort to move the country on to a war footing.
"The involvement of someone like John Rendon is extremely concerning as this seems to be exactly the sort of thing that he specialises in.
"A lot of the focus has been on Brexit over the last few weeks but this isn't an issue that the Labour Party are willing to let go of.
"We will be asking for more debate in Parliament and more answers from the Foreign Office in order to find out exactly what has been going on here."
At the time the hacked documents emerged in the media, Professor David Miller of University of Bristol's School for Policy Studies, said: "It's extraordinary that the Foreign Office would be funding a Scottish charity to counter Russian propaganda which ends up attacking Her Majesty's opposition."
I don't make any money from my work. I have a very limited income. But you can help if you like, by making a donation to help me continue to research and write informative, insightful and independent articles, and to provide support to others affected by the Conservative's welfare 'reforms'. The smallest amount is much appreciated – thank you.
Defending disinformation against democracy: the Integrity Initiative
January 10, 2019 April 9, 2019 · 11 Comments ·
Inside the Integrity Initiative, the UK gov's information war on the public with Journalists Max Blumenthal, Ben Norton and Professor David Miller.
The Institute for Statecraft and its offshoot, the Integrity Initiative, constitute a secret propaganda network tied to the UK security services. They bring together high-ranking military and intelligence personnel, journalists and academics to manufacture and disseminate propaganda serving the geopolitical and economic aims of the UK and those of its allies.
The Integrity Initiative is a self declared 'charity', funded by the UK Foreign Office, British Army and Ministry of Defence, which has been described by the Sunday Mail as a right wing infowars unit.
The Institute for Statecraft, which "led" the Integrity Initiative, was traced to this mill in Fife (Image: Sunday Mail.)
Created by the NATO-affiliated, UK-funded Institute for Statecraft in 2015, the Integrity Initiative was unmasked in November after Anonymous hackers released a volume of documents detailing a web of politicians, journalists, military personnel, scientists and academics involved in purportedly fighting 'Russian disinformation.'
The highly secretive, government-bankrolled "network of networks" has found itself under scrutiny for smearing Her Majesty's opposition leader Jeremy Corbyn as a 'Kremlin stooge' – ostensibly as part of its crusade against 'Russian disinformation.' The Initiative has received more than £2.2million from the Foreign Office in two years to – in one minister's words – "defend democracy against disinformation."
The latest leaks indicate that the organisation played a central role in shaping media narratives after Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia were mysteriously poisoned in Salisbury last March. It's notable that many of the draconian anti-Russia measures that the group advocated as far back as 2015 were swiftly implemented following the Skripal affair – even as London refused to back up its blame frame with evidence.
Within days of the Skripal poisonings, the Institute solicited its services to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), offering to "study social media activity in respect of the events that took place, how news spread, and evaluate how the incident is being perceived" in a number of countries.
After receiving the government's endorsement, the Integrity Initiative launched 'Operation Iris,' enlisting the "global investigative solutions" company Harod Associates to analyse social media activity related to the Skripal incident.
EXPLOSIVE: @DanKaszeta of @Strongpoint_UK invoiced @InitIntegrity #IntegrityInitiative £2,276.80 in July 2018 during the #Skripal #Novichok affair for writing articles on the subjects of poison gas; nerve agents; treatment; nerve agent persistency & #PortonDown @RTUKproducer pic.twitter.com/V35PemrN9E
— Fvnk (@WhatTheFvnk) January 4, 2019
The latest release of hacked documents also revealed a curious link between the Integrity Initiative and Skripal himself – a connection made all the more suspicious by the group's central role in coordinating a determined and evidence-free campaign to implicate and punish Moscow for the alleged nerve-agent attack.
One document from July 2018 contains contact details for Pablo Miller, Skripal's MI6 recruiter, handler and (conveniently) neighbour in Salisbury. Miller, it seems, had been invited to a function hosted by the Institute. The plot sickens.
I have wondered what happened to Yulia Skripal. Worryingly, she has dropped off the media radar.
I have never heard of any of these three exotic entities. I think you've been hoaxed.
— David Aaronovitch (@DAaronovitch) November 24, 2018
David Miller, Professor of Political Sociology at the University of Bristol School for Policy Studies, has said that despite being ignored by the media, leaks from Integrity Initiative have paralysed the operations of this UK-funded covert influence network, and could ultimately lead to its dismantling.
Miller also believes that: "People have a right to know how the Government are spending their money, and the views being promoted in their name."
I agree. I think it's obscene that our money is being spent on covert military grade psyop operations designed specifically to micromanage our perceptions of reality and to stage-manage our democracy.
He adds: "This [leak] has made a mess of [Integrity Initiative's] operations, they are spending most of their time now trying to fire-fight on the coverage this is getting. And they are not doing essentially what they are being paid to do, which is to counter the Russians.
"The British government is getting bad value for money, if it was ever getting 'better' value."
As part of the Working Group on Syria, Propaganda and Media, which studies Western attempts to control media coverage of key international events, Miller has played a crucial role in studying the four tranches of data anonymously uploaded and sourced from the previously little-known group, which has been backed by the UK Foreign Office, NATO and Facebook, to the tune of over £1 million per year.
The documents, whose authenticity has not been denied by government, contain details of psyops against public figures, of the manipulation of media coverage from leading outlets, and have also revealed worldwide networks of prominent journalists and academics, secretly engaged to discredit, at every turn, pro-Moscow points of view and left wing political developments.
Despite the refusal by all of those named to either admit their connection or to say that there was nothing untoward in their activities, Miller believes that the exposure has made it more difficult for them to push and publish anti-Russian content.
The Integrity Initiative has waged an information and propaganda war on the public. Yet nothing has been done to address the scandal surrounding this McCarthyist UK government-funded think tank, which has attacked Jeremy Corbyn and the anti-war left and laundered disinformation through the corporate media under the guise of 'countering Russia'.
"Most of the people named are trying to pretend that this is not all of great significance, but the revelation of the involvement of the government in manipulating other countries, and the political process in the UK, is extremely damaging for them," Miller says.
Miller has also said that Parliament needs to conduct a more sustained inquiry into Integrity Initiative, and Jeremy Corbyn smears.
For Miller, the "cardinal sin" from a UK perspective was the smearing of the Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn, as a potential 'Kremlin ally' in Whitehall, which means that a state-paid intelligence operation has been manipulating domestic politics.
Miller also points to the absence of coverage of what he calls a "real, genuine scandal" in top news sources, which, he says, are themselves implicated in the scandal fallout.
Miller also sates that, at the very least, this exposure should lead to a crucial national dialogue about the role intelligence agencies should play in public life and in influencing politics.
Why, it's as if the role of MI6 in the faked Zinoviev letter has habituated the Establishment to maintain the status quo at all cost, including the stage-managing of our democracy, using anti-Russian sentiment as a template. It's also apparently become such normalised behaviour that it's hiding in plain view.
"Integrity Initiative are beyond the realms of sense. The activities they are engaged in are morally and ethically dubious, and will certainly – as we can see already – backfire on them," Miller continued.
"This will result hopefully in the ending of this operation, and if we are lucky, a sensible discussion in parliament about controlling the future of British covert operations."
Funding shot up to £2.6 million in 2018-19, with £1.96 million from the FCO and the rest from the US State Department, NATO and the American neoconservative Smith Richardson Foundation. Facebook, which plays in integral role in imposing censorship on behalf of the US, donated £100,000. See: UK Integrity Initiative heavily involved in Skripal affair.
Shadow Foreign Secretary Emily Thornberry has said: "It is one of the cardinal rules of British public life that official resources should not be used for party political purposes.
"So, it is simply outrageous that the clearly mis-named 'Integrity Initiative' – funded by the Foreign Office to the tune of £2.25 million over the past two years – has routinely been using its Twitter feed to disseminate personal attacks and smears against the Leader of the Opposition, the Labour Party and Labour officials."
Andrew Fisher, an aide to the Labour leader, said: "This astonishing story really deserves attention."
Labour MSP Neil Findlay said: "Such clear political attacks and propaganda shouldn't be coming from any charity.
"We need to know why the Foreign Office have been funding it."
Surveillance capitalism: citizens as a means to an end
So far I haven't seen anyone make the connection between the exposure of the Integrity Initiative and the Cambridge Analytica scandal. Or the fact that the government hired several murky companies plying the same methods as Cambridge Analytica in their election campaign, spending hundreds of thousands of pounds of citizens' money so the Conservatives could target them with personalised dark ads and psyop-crafted strategic comms.
As soon as the Conservatives casually announced their 'behaviour change' agenda back in 2010, and instituted the 'Nudge Unit', a scandal of the type surrounding Cambridge Analytica/SCL was inevitable. How could anyone expect that an increasingly authoritarian government, somewhat defined by resistance to change, would resist the temptation to draw on 'behavioural science' techniques to manipulate citizens' perceptions, cognitions, behaviours, choices, and ultimately, their voting decisions?
'Surveillance capitalism' was the term coined in 2015 by Harvard academic Shoshanna Zuboff to describe this large-scale surveillance and modification of human behaviour for profit. It involves the predictive analysis of big datasets describing the lives, choices and behaviours of tens or hundreds of millions of people, allowing correlations and patterns to be identified, information about individuals inferred and analysised, and future behaviour and decisions to be predicted. This is then used to influence behaviours through personalised and 'dynamic' targeted advertising.
This whole process is refined by an experimental approach – testing a range of variations of adverts on different demographics to determine what works best. Every time we log on we potentially become the unwitting and thus non consenting subject of trials designed to determine how to most effectively extract money from us or to persuade us of something. The common denominator is the covert use of powerful behavioural modification strategies: psyops.
Our personal data is being used to construct 'persuasion profiles', using sets of estimates – based on probabilities – on the effectiveness of particular influence-strategies on individuals, which are also based on past responses to these strategies. Some of these companies are also experimenting with biometrics.
We are led to believe that it is other states that seek to meddle in the UK's elections. The use of data analytics and psychological profiling to target people on social media with political content, has had a profound political impact, but it remains largely unappreciated. Political campaigning has shifted from being a public process to being a private, personalised series of micro-monitoring strategies, enabled by access to the apparatus and mechanisms of surveillance capitalism. It's a process that has led to the government regarding citizens as a means to an end – that being simply maintaining power, upholding the status quo.
The Snowden leaks in 2013 concerning GCHQ and the NSA's covert activities made controversial headlines around the world. GCHQ's stated aim was to compile a profile of the internet habits of every user on the web. The Investigatory Powers Act, commonly known as the "snooper's charter", permits the security and intelligence agencies legal authority to acquire personal datasets from technology companies in bulk, and the UK government is reported to be exploring an agreement with the US that would give British intelligence agencies better access to these databases.
Data sharing between surveillance companies and state security and intelligence agencies is well established. In the US, tech companies have been forced to hand over data about their users to the NSA for some time. When Yahoo refused, they were threatened with a $250,000 fine, every day, with the fine doubling every week that their non-compliance continued, faced with the prospect of financial ruin, they acquiesced.
Clearly, monitoring and surveillance practices have changed the relationship between the citizen and the state, shifting the balance of power and distorting democracy.
It cannot be right for either private companies or governments to use citizens as Pavlovian dogs. Such personalised psychological persuasive strategies seriously undermine the human autonomy that is central to human dignity and democracy.
State-backed Integrity Initiative confirms meeting with Herald journalist for Scotland briefing – CommonSpace
Documents of the "Integrity Initiative" Part 4 – Anonymous (4 January 2019)
The chilling manipulations of the Institute for Statecraft are straight out of the cold war playbook – Chris Williamson, Morning Star Online
Social media is being used to stage manage our democracy using nudge –based strategies
Disinformation and 'fake news': Interim Report – House of Commons
Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Select Committee
The Art of Deception: Training for a New Generation of Online Covert Operations – The Intercept
Controversial GCHQ Unit Engaged in Domestic Law Enforcement, Online Propaganda, Psychology Research – Glenn Greenwald and Andrew Fishman
The government hired several murky companies plying the same methods as Cambridge Analytica in their election campaign
My furious response to Helen Whately's malicious communication asking me to join the Tory party
December 20, 2018 December 21, 2018 · 53 Comments ·
Helen Whatley
I was absolutely shocked and appalled to receive the following targeted and malicious Integrity Initiative styled strategic communication from the Conservative party:
From: Helen Whately MP, Conservative Party Vice Chair, Women
Sent: 20 December 2018 00:50
To: suejones
Subject: Don't stand for this
Ordinarily I write fairly measured, factual and challenging responses when the Conservatives have previously contacted me. However I am far too angry on this occasion to be polite.
Here is my rapid response:
No. I wont be standing for this.
How DARE you send this utter crap to my inbox. Firstly, it was ALLEGED that the leader of HM's opposition made that comment. My friend is deaf and can lip read extremely well. He says that Jeremy Corbyn mumbled "stupid people". I scrutinised the video footage and agree that he said he did say "stupid people". Other people who can lip read on social media have said the same. Your party's orchestrated outrage and howling spite was completely wasted on me.
Your own party's behaviour was an absolutely disgusting and disrespectful pantomime in parliament, with MPs and Ministers mocking, howling and braying like uncouth, malicious barnyard animals, as usual. You behaved in fact exactly like very authoritarian and stupid people.
I made my own mind up, so you're wasting your time trying to make it up for me. Here is my own view of the Conservatives' latest dead cat strategy, along with that of one surprisingly reasonable Conservative MP: https://kittysjones.wordpress.com/2018/12/19/a-conservative-mp-defends-jeremy-corbyn-as-he-responds-to-conservatives-dead-cat-strategy-allegations-of-sexism/
As for your claims about female employment, and wages, I made my own mind up about that too, by looking at the empirical evidence, and your claims are utter rubbish: https://kittysjones.wordpress.com/2018/12/13/about-the-governments-claims-on-real-wages-being-the-highest-since-2011/
That is why the ONS and statistical authority has constantly had need to officially rebuke this government for telling lies and misusing statistical data.
This is not the kind of action that I would expect from a party that was principled and genuinely fighting sexism: Tories reinstate MPs suspended over sex allegations for confidence vote: Labour calls restoration of Andrew Griffiths and Charlie Elphicke 'betrayal of women'.
Nor would I expect a genuinely principled party fighting sexism to impose the 2 child policy, the rape clause, the condition that social security is paid to one person in a household – usually males – rather than being split to protect women and children from potentially abusive partners.
You know, people can actually see the chasmic gap between what you say you do and what you actually do. Feigned principles fool no one for long.
Just so you know, I will NEVER join the Tory party, particularly after the way I have witnessed how you have treated ill and disabled people, because of YOUR party's vile, punitive, patronising and despicably mean spirited policies. Many people worked for years and contributed to the Treasury until they couldn't any more, and then got treated as if they are some kind of fraud just for becoming seriously ill. Welfare is not your money to cut: social security is paid for by the public FOR the public.
It was intended as a system of support and protection from absolute poverty, not a system to administer punishment based on traditional Tory prejudices. Or as a source of pocket money for millionaires.
I'll be voting Labour. Stick your spin "bulletin", your rotten dead cat strategy and rehearsed strategic comms. where the sun doesn't shine and rotate it all. Don't ever insult my intelligence with rubbish like this ever again.
I will be reporting this strategic, profoundly undemocratic and malicious communication, by the way, to the Electoral Commission and other relevant agencies.
PS. Your email to me, a long standing Labour party member and campaigner, was almost as big a balls-up as this one: Tories apologise after couple receive letter addressed to 'Mr Youmustbe F******joking'.
I don't make any money from my work. If you want to, you can help by making a donation to help me continue to research and write informative, insightful and independent articles, and to provide support to others.
Emily Thornberry's letter about the Integrity Initiative's propaganda initiative
I tabled a parliamentary question recently and discovered the Foreign Office has given £2m of public money to a shady organisation that's indulging in black propaganda against Jeremy Corbyn and the Labour Party.https://t.co/wDbQwCMqnD
— Chris Williamson MP #GTTO (@DerbyChrisW) December 9, 2018
I recently wrote an article related to the tweet above, about the covert government-funded unit which has been systematically and strategically attacking the official opposition, seriously undermining democracy in the UK.
Last month (5 November), Anonymous Europe obtained a large number of documents relating to the activities of the 'Integrity Initiative' project, which was launched back in autumn, 2015. The project is funded by the British government and has been established by the Institute for Statecraft.
It's perhaps unsurprising that the hack has had zero substantive coverage in the UK, US or European press since a number of journalists were also implicated in playing a role to fulfil the project's aims, but it was picked up by Russian media.
The Institute for Statecraft is affiliated with the NATO HQ Public Diplomacy Division and the Home Office-funded 'Prevent' programme, among other things. Statecraft's Security Economics director, Dr Shima D Keene, collaborated with John A. S. Ardis on a paper about information warfare. Anonymous published the documents, which have unearthed the massive UK-led psyop to create a 'large-scale information secret service' in Europe, the US and Canada.
The declared goal of the project is to "counteract Russian propaganda" and Moscow's hybrid warfare (a military strategy that employs political warfare and blends conventional warfare, 'irregular' warfare and cyberwarfare with other influencing methods, such as fake news, diplomacy, lawfare and foreign electoral intervention).
The Integrity Initiative consists of representatives of political, military, academic and journalistic communities with the think tank in London at the head of it.
On 26 November, Integrity Initiative published a statement on the Russian media coverage of the hack. In it they said:
"The Integrity Initiative was set up in autumn 2015 by The Institute for Statecraft in cooperation with the Free University of Brussels (VUB) to bring to the attention of politicians, policy-makers, opinion leaders and other interested parties the threat posed by Russia to democratic institutions in the United Kingdom, across Europe and North America."
"The Integrity Initiative aims to unite people who understand the threat, in order to provide a coordinated Western response to Russian disinformation and other elements of hybrid warfare."
In the wake of the leaks, which also detail Government grant applications, the Foreign Office have been forced to confirm they provided massive funding to the Integrity Initiative.
In response to a parliamentary question by Chris Williamson, Europe Minister Alan Duncan said: "In financial year 2017-18, the FCO funded the Institute for Statecraft's Integrity Initiative £296,500.
"This financial year, the FCO are funding a further £1,961,000. Both have been funded through grant agreements."
Apparently, the Institute launched the Integrity Initiative in 2015 to "defend democracy against disinformation." However, the evidence uncovered strongly suggests that it's rather more of an attempt to defend disinformation against democracy.
In the Commons yesterday, Emily Thornberry asked Alan Duncan why taxpayers money had been used by the so-called 'Integrity Initiative' to disseminate political attacks [on Jeremy Corbyn and the Labour Party] from its Twitter site.
Duncan insisted that the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) funding did not support the Integrity Initiative's Twitter operation, which raises some interesting questions. See Thornberry's letter demanding answers below:
In the Commons earlier, I asked Alan Duncan why taxpayers money had been used by the so-called 'Integrity Initiative' to disseminate political attacks from its Twitter site (1/2). pic.twitter.com/zQNOPeQOMn
— Emily Thornberry (@EmilyThornberry) December 12, 2018
I'm very much looking forward to the response.
I don't make any money from my work. I am disabled because of illness and have a very limited income. But you can help by making a donation to help me continue to research and write informative, insightful and independent articles, and to provide support to others. The smallest amount is much appreciated – thank you.
Authoritarian UK government is funding military grade psyops to smear and calumniate HM's opposition
December 9, 2018 December 15, 2018 · 22 Comments ·
From the government's ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS WITH UK NATIONAL ELEMENTS, SEPTEMBER 2014 .
On page X of the document, it says: "NATO definition of PSYOPS. Allied Administrative Publication (AAP)-06 defines psychological operations as: planned activities using methods of communication and other means directed at approved audiences in order to influence perceptions, attitudes and behaviour, affecting the achievement of political and military objectives." [My emphasis].
On page IX, this footnote – "The term information strategy (its concept and definition) is not yet endorsed through official NATO policy. Its use here [in the UK], however, reflects current thinking on this subject and is coherent with current policy and doctrine initiatives in areas such as the effects-based approach, strategic communications and information operations."
Nudging democracy
The British government is financing a large-scale network that influences political and public opinion in Europe using psyops. A substantial part of it is designed to attack the left, and to promote anti-Russian rhetoric.
Psychological operations (PSYOP) are operations to convey selected information and indicators to audiences to manage perceptions, to influence their emotions, motives, and objective reasoning, and ultimately the behaviours of organizations, groups, and individuals.
Government plans to monitor and influence internet communications, and covertly infiltrate online communities in order to sow dissension and disseminate false information, have long been the source of speculation.
In June 2015, NSA files published by Glenn Greenwald revealed details of the JTRIG group at British intelligence agency GCHQ covertly manipulating online communities. This is in line with JTRIG's goal: to "destroy, deny, degrade [and] disrupt" enemies by "discrediting" them, planting misinformation and shutting down their communications.
Harvard Law Professor Cass Sunstein, [co-author of "Nudge"], a close political adviser and the White House's former head of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, wrote a highly controversial paper in 2008 proposing that the US government employ teams of covert agents and pseudo-independent advocates to "cognitively infiltrate" online groups and websites, as well as other activist groups.
Sunstein also proposed sending covert agents into "chat rooms, online social networks, or even real-space groups" which spread what he views as false and damaging "conspiracy theories" about the government. Ironically, the very same Sunstein was recently named by Obama to serve as a member of the NSA review panel created by the White House, one that – while disputing key NSA claims – proceeded to propose many cosmetic reforms to the agency's powers (most of which were ignored by the President who appointed them).
But the GCHQ documents are the first to prove that a major western government is using some of the most controversial techniques to disseminate deception online and harm the reputations of targets. Under the tactics they use, the state is deliberately spreading lies on the internet about whichever individuals it targets, including the use of what GCHQ itself calls "false flag operations" and emails to people's families and friends.
Who would possibly trust a government to exercise these powers at all, let alone do so in secret, with virtually no oversight, and outside of any cognizable legal framework?
Now, inevitably, some politicians and academics have reacted with fury to news that a covert Government-funded unit has been systematically and strategically attacking the official opposition in Parliament, and seriously undermining democracy in the UK.
It's perhaps unsurprising that the hack has had zero substantive coverage in the UK, US or European press, but it was picked up by Russian media.
The documents included in the leak comprised of a handbook, funding information and lists of people organised by 'cluster'.
According to the handbook, Integrity Initiative aims to:
"Bring to the attention of politicians, policy-makers, opinion leaders and other interested parties the threat posed by Russia to democratic institutions in the United Kingdom, across Europe and North America."
And it achieves this by organising a network of clusters acress Europe and North America, which are made up of:
"[…] people who understand the threat posed to Western nations by a flood of disinformation."
Integrity Initiative claim they have developed a network of people who operate to counter Russia's 'disinformation'. This may includes interference in the appointment of someone to a government position, using Twitter attacks to prevent the appointment of Colonel Pedro Baños as director of Spain's Department of Homeland Security, for example. Yet the same network frequently accuse Russia of 'meddling' in the political affairs of other countries, and of being antidemocratic.
In addition to personel from the Integrity Initiative's parent organisation – The Institute for Statecraft – there are people representing think tanks like DEMOS, RUSI, hedge fund interests, Henry Jackson Society, European Council on Foreign Relations, and Chatham House, as well as from the Ministry of Defence, which includes the EU Joint Headquarters at Northwood, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and several journalists.
For example, Andy Pryce, the Foreign Office Head of Counter Disinformation and Media Development, Ben Bradshaw MP, Sir Andrew Wood, former British ambassador to Russia, and a founder of Orbis Business Intelligence, the privatised British intelligence operation which also incudes Christopher Steele, the author of the Trump 'dodgy dossier'.
It's interesting that the old trick – slurring British Labour politicians with Russian/communist links – is back in fashion. The fake Zinoviev letter was traced back to British Intelligence services.
With recent declarations by leading Blairites and several Tory figures such as Michael Fallon, who claimed that Labour now represents a 'security threat to you and your family', Corbyn faced a media disinformation campaign of truly staggering proportions, and the allegations of ties to Russia played a significant part.
Corbyn reasonably called for de-escalation and de-militarisation in the Russia-Ukraine conflict on several occasions in the past year as a means to achieving a political solution. He has also called for 'dialogue'. Some may deem that 'idealistic', perhaps, but not completely crazy. Russia is, after all a major nuclear state. Personally I prefer his diplomatic approach to the aggressive posturing of the government.
Quite frankly, the Sun, Daily Mail and other right wing propaganda rags have managed two quite remarkable things from this farrago. The first is to make Jeremy Corbyn look better than before. The second is to justify his calls for press regulation.
It turns out that Ben Nimmo, a "senior fellow" at the Institute for Statecraft, co-authored an article with Jonathan Eyal of the Royal United Services Institute alleged that TV news channel RT broadcast "systematic bias in favour of Corbyn" when he first stood for the Labour leadership.
The article went on to say the motivation for this was "most likely to be executing the interests of the government which funds it." Nimmo was also quoted in the Sun newspaper as saying Russia was "supporting Corbyn against his opponents both in the Labour Party and outside it."
Of course the newspaper used this to support its conspiracy theory that "a twisted Russian cyber campaign which has backed Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn is aiming to sow division across the UK."
The crafty state institute
The Institute for Statecraft was set up, and is currently led by Chris Donnelly (who, prior to joining NATO in 1989, was for 20 years at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst) and Daniel Lafayeedney (whose military service, legal background and career as an entrepreneur have led him to an "understanding of the importance of the link between business and national security.") They are supported by a Board of Trustees, Board of Advisers, an Operations Staff, a Strategic Development Team and an extensive network of like minded Fellows, associates and researchers.
Defending disinformation against democracy
The Integrity Initiative's Orwellian slogan is 'Defending Democracy Against Disinformation'. On its About page it claims: "We are not a government body but we do work with government departments and agencies who share our aims."
The UK defines strategic communication (StratCom) as: "advancing national interests by using all Defence means of communication to influence the attitudes and behaviours of people. It is an MOD-level function that seeks to align words, images and actions by taking direction and guidance from the National Security Council and developing a Strategic Communication Actions and Effects Framework to guide targeting and planning activities."
"Info Ops is a staff function that analyzes, plans, assesses and integrates information activities to create desired effects on the will, understanding and capability of adversaries, potential adversaries and North Atlantic Council (NAC) approved audiences in support of Alliance mission objectives. PSYOPS, along with other capabilities,
will be coordinated through Info Ops processes guided by the information strategy and within NATO's StratCom approach."
The UK defines target audience analysis (TAA) as: "the systematic study of people to enhance understanding and identify accessibility, vulnerability, and susceptibility to behavioural and attitudinal influence."
In the document dump on November 5, the Anonymous group exposed the UK-based 'Integrity Initiative'. The main stated objective is counter-terrorism, and "to provide a coordinated Western response to Russian disinformation and other elements of hybrid warfare." The Institute for Statecraft is affiliated with the NATO HQ Public Diplomacy Division and the Home Office-funded 'Prevent' programme, so objectivity is, of course, at the forefront of their work…
However, the secret UK Government-funded propaganda unit allegedly based in Scotland has also been running a campaign on social media, using posts attacking Jeremy Corbyn and the Labour Party.
The Institute for Statecraft appears to be a small charity operating from an old Victorian mill in Fife. But the explosive leaked documents, which have been passed to the Sunday Mail, reveal the organisation's Integrity Initiative is funded with £2million of Foreign Office cash and run by military intelligence specialists.
The Conservative group is supposed to counter Russian online propaganda by forming "clusters" of persuaders: friendly journalists and "key influencers" throughout Europe who use social media to hit back against 'disinformation'.
On the site, Dr Shima D Keene writes: "The new security environment is increasingly spawning a variety of asymmetric threats which require immediate attention. Many of these threats are driven by the desire for economic gain, either as an end in itself, or to assist in achieving an ultimate end. Efforts to tackle the economic aspects of these threats have frequently been neglected or, at best, fragmented. This is particularly the case in the international sphere, allowing our adversary to operate in a benign environment.
"Security Economics is the analysis of the economic aspects of human-induced insecurity, such as terrorism and organised crime.
"The Institute's Security Economics Programme serves to unite existing knowledge while bringing new knowledge to the subject. The multi-disciplinary approach aims to provide new thinking and direction, both strategically and tactically, in order that effective financial warfare strategies can be devised and implemented to tackle the evolving threat environment. Network analysis plays a key part. Activities of the Programme include operational research, policy development, counselling and mentoring in the following subject areas:
Threat Finance (Terrorism, Narcotics, Human Trafficking, Proliferation/Weapons of Mass Destruction and Organised Crime)
Psychological Operations/Info Ops/ Influence
Financial Counter Insurgency
Economic Crime (to include Fraud and Money Laundering)
Maritime Piracy (Kidnap and Ransom)
Cyber crime and associated Technology
Forensic Finance/Financial Intelligence
Economic Warfare/ Asymmetric Financial Warfare
Counter Terrorist Finance/Anti Money laundering (Legislation/Regulation).
A message from the UK Government-funded organisation promotes an article that states: "Unlike Galloway (former MP George Galloway) Corbyn does not scream conspiracy, he implies it," while another added: "It's time for the Corbyn left to confront its Putin problem."
A further message refers to an "alleged British Corbyn supporter" who "wants to vote for Putin".
It is not just the Labour leader who has been on the receiving end of online attacks. The party's strategy and communications director, Seumas Milne, was also targeted.
The Integrity Initiative, whose base, allegedly at Gateside Mill, near Auchtermuchty, retweeted a newspaper report that said: "Milne is not a spy – that would be beneath him.
"But what he has done, wittingly or unwittingly, is work with the Kremlin agenda."
Another retweet promoted a journalist who said: "Just as he supports the Russian bombardment of Syria, Seumas Milne supported the Russian slaughter of Afghanistan, which resulted in more than a million deaths."
The Integrity Initiative has been accused of supporting Ukrainian politicians who oppose Putin – even when they also have suspected far-right links.
Further leaked documents appear to show a Twitter campaign that resulted in a Spanish politician believed to be friendly to the Kremlin being denied a job.
The organisation's "Spanish cluster" swung into action on hearing that Pedro Banos was to be appointed director of the national security department.
The papers detail how the Integrity Initiative alerted "key influencers" around Europe who launched an online campaign against the politician.
Shadow Foreign Secretary Emily Thornberry expressed the party's justifiable outrage:
"It is one of the cardinal rules of British public life that official resources should not be used for party political purposes. So, it is simply outrageous that the clearly mis-named 'Integrity Initiative' – funded by the Foreign Office to the tune of £2.25 million over the past two years – has routinely been using its Twitter feed to disseminate personal attacks and smears against the Leader of the Opposition, the Labour Party and Labour officials.
"And this cannot be dismissed as something outside the Government's control, given the application for funding agreed by the Foreign Office last year stated explicitly that it would be used in part to expand "the impact of the Integrity Initiative website…and Twitter/social media accounts.
"So the Government must now answer the following questions: why did the Foreign Office allow public money to be spent on attempting to discredit Her Majesty's Opposition? Did they know this was happening? If not, why not? And if they did, how on earth can they justify it?"
Labour MSP Neil Findlay said: "It would appear that we have a charity registered in Scotland and overseen by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator that is funded by the UK Government and is spewing out political attacks on UK politicians, the Labour Party and the Labour movement.
"Such clear political attacks and propaganda shouldn't be coming from any charity. We need to know why the Foreign Office have been funding it."
The UK's links with NATO psyops are well-established – see Countering propaganda: NATO spearheads use of behavioural change science, for example. From the article: "Target Audience Analysis, a scientific application developed by the UK based Behavioural Dynamics Institute, that involves a comprehensive study of audience groups and forms the basis for interventions aimed at reinforcing or changing attitudes and behaviour."
The UK government openly discusses its policy intents regarding 'behavioural change', and instituted the Nudge Unit in 2010 to contribute to their behaviourist policy agenda. The behavioural economists from the Unit have contributed significantly to punitive welfare policy, for example.
The programme entailing the use of behavioural change science for NATO was delivered by the UK-based Strategic Communication Laboratories (SCL Defence), which has worked for the UK Ministry of Defence and the United States' Department of Defense for a number of years and is the world's only company licensed to deliver the Behavioural Dynamics process, and a team of Information Warfare experts drawn from seven nations, called IOTA-Global.
David Miller, a professor of political sociology in the School for Policy Studies at the University of Bristol, added: "It's extraordinary that the Foreign Office would be funding a Scottish charity to counter Russian propaganda which ends up attacking Her Majesty's opposition and soft-pedalling far-right politicians in the Ukraine.
"People have a right to know how the Government are spending their money, and the views being promoted in their name."
Tamsin Shaw, an associate professor of philosophy at New York University, has researched the US military's funding and use of psychological research for use in torture. She says: "The capacity for this science to be used to manipulate emotions is very well established. This is military-funded technology that has been harnessed by a global plutocracy and is being used to sway elections in ways that people can't even see, don't even realise is happening to them."
"It's about exploiting existing phenomenon like nationalism and then using it to manipulate people at the margins. To have so much data in the hands of a bunch of international plutocrats to do with it what they will is absolutely chilling.
"We are in an information war and billionaires are buying up these companies, which are then employed to go to work in the heart of government. That's a very worrying situation."
Mass surveillance, data harvesting and analysis, psychographic profiling and behavioural modification strategies are embedded in the corporate sector and are now very clearly being used in a way that challenges the political canon of liberal democratic societies, where citizens are traditionally defined by principles of self-determination. I've spent the past few years writing critically about the neuroliberal turn, and the serious threat it poses to democracy.
The leaked documents show a funding application to the Foreign Office that details the unit's work.
Further papers reveal a unit in Lithuania which received overseas funding to "support a new hub/cluster creation and to educate cluster leaders and key people in Vilnius in infowar techniques".
It's only over recent years that we are getting a glimpse of new behavioural economics discipline evolving into forms of social control that make the frightful 20th-century totalitarianism regimes seem like a primitive and crude method of governance by comparison. This all-pervasive control is elegant and hidden in plain view. It's a subtle and stealthy form of totalitarianism. Behavioural science and its various applications as a new "cognitive-military complex" – it originated within intelligence and state security agencies.
BeWorks is one example of a company adopting the nudge approach to strategic communications and marketing, they describe themselves as "The first management consulting firm dedicated to the practice of applying behavioral science to strategy, marketing, operations, and policy challenges", also "harness the powerful insights of behavioral economics to solve your toughest challenges."
They work for the government, the energy industry, financial service sector, insurance industry and retail sectors, "helping organisations to embed behavioural economics into their culture".
The company says: "The team combines leading academics from the fields of cognitive and social psychology, neuroscience, and marketing with management consulting experts. Our multi-disciplinary expertise allows us to arm our clients with the latest in scientific insights coupled with a strategic business lens".
They also wrote this article among others: How Science Can Help Get Out the Vote. They claim: "Our team of scientists and business experts offers a powerful methodology that analyzes and measurably influences the decisions consumers make".
They go on to say "Neuromarketing studies, which measure brain activity and other biological indicators, are another way to gauge true emotional reactions instead of relying on how people say they feel. EEG caps and biometric belts are the most common tools used, though other techniques, ranging from reading facial expressions to measuring tiny differences in reaction time, are also used."
The consequences of governments acting upon citizens to meet political aims, and to align behaviours with a totalising neoliberal ideology, turns democracy completely on its head. We are left with a form of inverted totalitarianism, or facade democracy, where direct methods of oppression are not required, as citizens are far easier to control and better 'nudged' when they continue to believe themselves free and autonomous.
The Foreign Office have not yet responded to a request for comment.
From the Zinoviev letter to the Labour party coup – the real enemy within
The revelations about Cambridge Analytica indicate clearly that western governments are subverting democracy
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March 23, 2018 October 27, 2019 · 24 Comments ·
From left to right: Lord Feldman, (in March 2016, Feldman was questioned by journalist Michael Crick about election expenses that may have broken the law); Lynton Crosby (longstanding 'campaigner' and expert dog whistler, dead cat strategist and wedge tactician for the Conservatives); Jim Messina (a former Obama campaign chief also hired by the Conservatives) and then party chairman Grant Shapps. Photograph: David Hartley/Rex
The political and corporate economy is driving the implementation of 'behavoural science', including 'nudge', by self-interested (and boundedly rational) incumbent governments, policy makers, bureaucrats and corporations has been largely neglected, though a few of us have been raising concerns about the implications of the microregulation of citizen perceptions and behaviour for democracy for a few years.
In their haste to portray populations as irrational and cognitively flawed, behavioural economists, governments, bureaucrats and the murky underworld of the big corporate lobbying, PR, 'strategic communications' and 'consultancy' industry seem to have overlooked a couple of whopping 'cognitive biases' of their own. These are their strong inclination towards profit and power, regardless of any ethical boundaries.
As soon as the Conservatives casually announced their 'behaviour change' agenda back in 2010, and instituted the 'Nudge Unit', a scandal of the type surrounding Cambridge Analytica/SCL was inevitable. How could anyone expect that an authoritarian government, somewhat defined by resistance to change, would resist the temptation to draw on 'behavioural science' techniques to manipulate citizens' perceptions, cognitions, behaviours, choices, and ultimately, their voting decisions?
Cambridge Analytica's commercial vice-president Richard Robinson once said that there is no fundamental difference between getting someone to vote and persuading them to swap toothpaste brands. He added: "It is about understanding what message is relevant to that person at that time when they are in that particular mind-set."
Robinson claimed that using data to profile citizens, overlaying "the person" on data – a method that has previously been available to advertisers – is "humanising marketing."
I don't agree. I see this level of surveillance, intrusion and micromanagement of citizens decision-making as a form of commodifying and marketising humans for commercial behavioural modification. Without our consent. Or a share in the profits generated. It is profoundly 'dehumanising marketing. '
Our personal data is being used to construct 'persuasion profiles', using sets of estimates – based on probabilities – on the effectiveness of particular influence-strategies on individuals, which are also based on past responses to these strategies. Some of these companies are also experimenting with biometrics. Many businesses in marketing openly admit that they aim to achieve behavioural change. It cannot be right for private companies and governments to use citizens as Pavlovian dogs. Such personalised persuasive strategies seriously undermine the human autonomy that is central to human dignity and democracy.
The internet has rapidly become an environment in which citizens and populations are being sorted, profiled, typed, categorised, ranked and "managed", based on data mining mass surveillance and psycho-profiling.
It was only a matter of time before the powerful tools of digital tracking and corporate surveillance, including techniques designed for manipulating opinions and behaviours, shifted from the realm of PR, product and service marketing to politics and voter targeting. The markets for personal data have always been markets for behavioural control also. And markets of behavioural control are composed of those who sell opportunities to influence behaviour for profitand power, and those who purchase such opportunities.
Screengrab taken at 2pm on Tuesday from AIQ's homepage. By Thursday, after the company was contacted by the Observer, it had been taken down. Photograph: AggregateIQ.
The Observer first disclosed connections between the firms a year ago when it published details of an intellectual property licence that linked AIQ and Cambridge Analytica.
The leaked intellectual property licence document that shows a link between AggregateIQ and SCL Elections (the company behind Cambridge Analytica). Photograph: Observer
Current notice on AggregateIQ site
From the Telegraph in February 2017: Exclusive: How a tiny Canadian IT company helped swing the Brexit vote for Leave
The overlap between behavioural economics, PR and techniques of persuasion
Last month, the government's procurement service widened the public sector's choice of 'behavioural insight' experts to call on. Previously the Behavioural Insights Team (Nudge Unit) were the single suppliers, but the new Crown Commercial Service Behavioural Insights framework expands the number to six. The framework retains the Nudge Unit, and the new suppliers are CFE (Research and Consulting), Kantar Public, McKinsey, and Ipsos Mori. There is a sixth supplier that has not yet been named because it has not yet formally signed up to the new contract.
The PR industry, with it overlaps in marketing, consultancy, strategic communications, behavioural economics, nudge and so on has been using behavioural analytics, psychographic profiling and targeted communications for years. Many corporate practices are kept as secret as possible, which places some limitations on research.
'Data-intensive' companies communicate in a vague and ambiguous way, however they are more bold when it comes to selling their services and in this context they reveal internal practices through public statements, occasionally.
The Hunting Dynasty a "behavioural insight and communications agency," say on their site: "WE IMPROVE THE WAY YOUR WORLD BEHAVES BY DISCOVERING YOUR AUDIENCE'S UNTAPPED DESIRES AND EFFORTLESSLY INCREASING YOUR EFFICIENCY USING ROBUST SCIENCE, PSYCHOLOGY, AND NUDGE TECHNIQUES", and go on to say "welcome to the first step in eliminating damaging behaviour."
"Our unique combination of deep applied and academic behavioural knowledge, and experience working in the world's largest advertising agencies makes us supremely qualified to deliver robust, full-stack, out-of-the-box, A+ projects and retained services, every time."
The company received the gold retail 'Nudge award' in 2015, and were shortlisted for the award in 2016 and last year.
BeWorks, another example of a company adopting the nudge approach to communications and marketing, describe themselves as "The first management consulting firm dedicated to the practice of applying behavioral science to strategy, marketing, operations, and policy challenges", also "harness the powerful insights of behavioral economics to solve your toughest challenges."
They work for the government, the energy industry, financial service sector, insurance industry and retail sectors "helping organisations to embed behavioural economics into their culture".
They also wrote this article among others: How Science Can Help Get Out the Vote. They claim "Our team of scientists and business experts offers a powerful methodology that analyzes and measurably influences the decisions consumers make".
Over a six-year period, Ogilvy Public Relations Global CEO, Christopher Graves, digested more than 800 pieces of primary research to connect emerging findings in behavioral economics, neuroscience and narrative theory in order to 'craft a new point of view on narrative effectiveness in communications.'
The findings overturn much of what communications professionals believed through conventional wisdom. The company concludes that "Emotional narrative beats analytical messaging. All human decision making depends heavily on emotion. Our efforts to persuade or explain need to also be rooted in emotion-triggering narratives."
Linstock Communications consultancy say they are: "AN AWARD-WINNING COMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANCY THAT SPECIALISES IN THOUGHT LEADERSHIP AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT UNDERPINNED BY BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE."
Rolph Merchant of Instinctif Communications DMCC, says:
"Public relations exists to influence and to effect change. To do so more successfully, the industry needs to find ways to target audiences, those it wishes to move, more scientifically. The PR industry clearly recognises this and I think the adoption of a more surgical targeting strategy will become incumbent on PR companies.
"A very positive development for the PR industry would be to embrace the more advanced approaches to targeting using techniques based on behavioural economics. The pioneering work of The Behavioural Insights Team to understand what influences the public's decision making, and design 'nudges' to get desired results for government, could certainly be replicated in the private sector.
These techniques have been touted for use in measuring campaign success, a perennial issue for PR. To give a simple example of its application, by measuring peoples' behaviour or sentiment before and after a period of communications activity, it is possible to gain a clearer idea of how successful a campaign has been. In turn, this insight can be channelled to improve communications strategy and tactics.
"Though in its infancy, behaviour change is nonetheless a fascinating area of communications, which could well see significant attention and growth in the next decade."
Instinctif offers "strategic insight, and creative solutions; government relations, and public and corporate affairs services that include lobbying, strategic information, analysis and advice, media and reputation management mandates, and public affairs training services."
At the moment, the media is focused on the sins of Cambridge Anaytica/ SCL and Facebook. However, there are MANY other private companies involved in stage managing our democracy, employing the same deeply unethical and antidemocratic methods. Crosby Textor is just one example.
Cambridge Analytica are not the only company that are being employed by governments to stage-manage our democracy
While the government's controversial 'dark ads' campaign attracted some concerned commentary last year, in part because it used data and psychographic profiling to manipulate individual traits and characteristics, it seems like no-one is joining the dots, still.
From the Crosby Textor Group site
The government claims that they haven't used Cambridge Analytica for their election campaigns. However, in 2017, the Conservatives used several similar shadowy private companies that peddle data analytics, psychological profiling and 'behavioural change' to research, canvass, advertise and target message voters with 'strategic communications' – which also exploit their psychological characteristics and tendencies.
I trawled through the Conservatives' campaign expenses listed on the Electoral Commission site to find the following: the government spent an eye-watering total of £1502,3516•79p on 'campaigning', to persuade people to vote Conservative.
Here is a breakdown of that sum:
The government used Experian (paid £683,636.34), Reed Consultancy (paid £178,558.03), Google Analytics (paid £1,020,232.17), Facebook (paid £3,177,416.68), Twitter (paid £56,504.32), among others, to research, canvass and advertise their party 'brand'. And £76,800 was spent advertising through Express Newspapers.
Blue Telecoms were paid £375,882.56 for 'unsolicited material to electors' and 'advertising'. It says on their site that Blue Telecoms is a trading name for Direct Market Solutions Ltd. The company director is Sascha Lopez , a businessman who stood as a local council candidate for the Tories in the 2017 local elections. He is also an active director of the Lopez Group, although that company's accounts are very overdue, there is an active proposal to strike off on the government's Companies House page. If directors are late in filing their company accounts, and don't reply to warnings from Companies House, their company can be struck-off the Companies House register and therefore cease to exist. Other companies he was active in have been liquidated (3) and dissolved (2).
An undercover reporter working for Channel 4 News secured work at Blue Telecoms, in Neath, South Wales. In an area plagued by unemployment and low wages, the call centre hired up to a hundred people on zero-hours contracts. For weeks, they contacted thousands of potential voters in marginal seats across the UK.
The hired callers were told to say they were working for a market research company called "Axe Research". No such company is registered in England and Wales. Furthermore, callers were instructed to say that the call centre was situated in Cardiff, rather than Neath.
The investigation uncovered underhand and potentially unlawful practices at the centre, in calls made on behalf of the Conservative Party. These allegations include:
● Paid canvassing on behalf of Conservative election candidates – illegal under election law.
● Political cold calling to prohibited numbers
● Misleading calls claiming to be from an "independent market research company" which does not appear to exist
The Conservative Party have admitted it had commissioned Blue Telecoms to carry out "market research and direct marketing calls" during the campaign, and insisted the calls were legal.
A Conservative spokesman said: "Political parties of all colours pay for market research and direct marketing calls. All the scripts supplied by the party for these calls are compliant with data protection and information law."
However, I discovered that the record of funds paid to Blue Telecoms were not listed under 'market research', however. They were listed under 'advertising' and 'unsolicited material to electors'.
(See also: More allegations of Tory election fraud, now we need to talk about democracy)
Much of the 'advertising' was based on data collection, data analytics and psychological profiling, which were used to target people with communications according to their hopes, fears, anxieties, degrees of conformity and other general dispositions. Without their consent.
Another company that the Conservatives used and paid £120,000 out to for market research and canvassing during their general election campaign is Outra. Jim Messina is the executive director, and the team includes Lynton Crosby.
Crosby Textor (listed as CTF) also earned £4,037,400 for market research/canvassing.
Messina Group Inc were also paid £544,153.57 for transport, advertising, market research and canvassing. This company uses data analytics and 'intelligence' services. The company conducts "Targeted Ads Programs [….] ensuring precise targeting via Facebook, geo-targeting, zipcodes, IP addresses, and other tactics".
The company also says:
The Messina Group are in a 'strategic partnership' with Outra serving as one of Outra's primary advisors on data, analytics, and 'customer engagement.'
(See also: World leaders across 5 continents trust TMG with the highest stakes in politics.)
British electoral law forbids co-ordination between different campaign groups, which must all comply with strict spending limits. If they plan tactics or co-ordinate together, the organisations must share a cap on spending.
Combobulate Limited, which is listed as a management consultancy, earned £43,200 for research/canvassing and for 'unsolicited material to electors'.
The director is listed as Nicholas Jack Walton Mason, also listed as the director of Uplifting Data. Mason is also listed as Director of Mason Investment Consultants Limited, which was dissolved via compulsory strike-off . However, I couldn't find an information site for Combobulate, the only site I found bizarrely took me here. I can't find any other website.
Another similar company, An Abundance Limited, which is listed as a 'behaviour change agency', were paid £2,400 for market research and canvassing by the Conservatives in the run-up to the election last year.
Populus Data Solutions, who say they provide "state of the art data capture", were paid £196,452 for research/canvasing and 'unsolicited material to electors'. This company have also developed the use of biometrics – facial coding in particular.
St Ives management services were paid £3,556,030.91, for research/canvasing, 'unsolicited material to electors', advertising, overheads and general administration, media and rallies, and manifesto material.
Edmonds Elder Ltd, a digital consultancy, were paid £156,240.00 for advertising. The site says the company also provides services in vague sounding 'government affairs': "We use cutting-edge digital techniques to help government affairs teams make the case for their policy and regulatory positions – harnessing support from communities across the country to ensure a positive outcome."
Craig Elder is also the Conservative party's digital director. Tom Edmonds was the Conservative party's creative director between 2013 and 2015.
Hines Digital who is a partner of Edmonds Elder Ltd, "is a conservative digital agency that builds strong brands, huge email lists, and big league fundraising revenue for our clients, helping conservative campaigns & causes, and companies, achieve their goals."
It says on the site that "Hines worked with conservative campaigns & causes in fifteen U.S. states and nine countries." The company designed the 'digital infrastructure' of Theresa May's leadership campaign launch in 2016, they built her website (but aren't listed in election expenses.) Hines says:
"That timely initial website launch proved invaluable. Approximately 35% of her overall email list signed up on that first day, a significant shot in the arm on Day One made possible because her team — led in part by our partners at Edmonds Elder—was prepared to capitalize on the day's earned media through effective online organizing.
Overall, the initial holding page saw a 18% conversion rate on day one — meaning nearly 1/5 people who visited the website signed up to join the campaign. That's a fantastic response to a site optimized for supporter recruitment."
And: "We are experts at identifying people online – and targeting them to drive the activity your organisation needs."
With political adverts like this, which aren't fact checked and only the person targeted gets to see them:
Walker Media Limited are a digital marketing and media company, they facilitate Facebook adverts and campaigns, among other services. They were paid £798,610.21 from the Conservatives' election campaign. One of their other social media marketing campaigns listed on their site is for "The Outdoor and Hunting Industry".
Simon Davis serves as the Chief Executive Officer at Walker Media Holdings Limited and Blue 449. Davis served as Managing Director of Walker Media at M&C Saatchi plc, a global PR and advertising company, who have worked for the Conservatives before, designing campaign posters and anti-Labour adverts – including the controversial 'New Labour, New Danger' one in particular.
There are a few subsidaries of this company which include "harnessing data to find, engage and convert customers efficiently through digital media." M&C Saatchi acquired the online media 'intelligence agency' Human Digital, whose "innovative approach marries rich behavioural insight with robust metrics."
There is a whole submerged world of actors making huge profits from data mining and analytics, 'targeted audience segmentation', behaviour change techniques, 'strategic communications and political lobbying. Much of the PR industry is built upon the same territory of interests: financial profit, maintaining power relations and supporting the vested interests of the privileged class. The subterranean operations of the surveillance and persuasion industry and citizen manipulation has become the establishment's norm, hidden in plain view.
Neoliberalism has evolved into a form of surveillance and microregulation capitalism. Traditional mass marketing has become much more focused, using precise target marketing, techniques which psychologically profile, sort, segment, categorise and target all forms of advertising to individual consumers. From behavioural targeting to mobile messaging apps sharing conversation data for adverts, target marketing requires personal data and a behavioural profile of 'consumers' .
Neuroliberalism
Surveillance strategies and targeted marketing also include the use of biometrics. Endless gain, for example, uses biometrics and psychology and "to understand human emotions and behaviour, and Psychology to optimise human emotions and behaviour. Our way helps our clients convert more customers, keep them for longer, and have them spend more."
Endless Gain claim on their site to "optimise conversions" in the same way that behavioural economists at the Nudge Unit claim to "optimise decision-making", in their quest to align citizens' choices with neoliberal outcomes.
The company uses eyetracking, facial expression recognition, galvanic skin response, EEG and pupil dilation – biometrics, in addition to conventional psychological research, "bringing together biometric research with findings from decades of academic psychology – particularly on emotional decision-making and the psychology of persuasion – to make changes to your site that increase both revenue and conversions."
Other companies, such as the hugely influential Crimson Hexagon, use AI. The company is based in Boston, Massachusetts and has also a European division in London. Edelman Intelligence, a massive PR company, are a client of this company, as are Twitter. The company's online data library consists of over 1 trillion posts, and includes documents from social networks such as Twitter and Facebook as well as blogs, forums, and news sites.
The company's ForSight platform is a Twitter Certified Product. (See also: The anti-social public relations of the PR industry, which details the intrusive '360 degree' social media listening and monitoring posts used by companies to gather data and intelligence and to formulate 'strategic communications' to discredit critics)
This level of surveillance and persuasion is deeply intrusive form of commodification and control that effectively exiles citizens from their own characteristics, perceptions, behaviours and choices, while producing lucrative markets aimed at data mining, behavioural analysis, prediction and modification.
Furthermore, the data collection, analysis and profiling is likely to build in discrimination, reflecting and reinforcing material and power inequalities. Credit reference agencies, insurance companies and the financial sector have previously demonstrated this point only too well.
The data mining, analytics and persuasion market exists because large corporations and governments want to micromanage and psychoregulate citizens. However, such intrusive surveillance and micromanagement poses fundamental challenges to our democratic norms and personal autonomy.
Tailored and targeted 'strategic communications' and persuasions are based on behaviour modelling and presupposed preferences, which may or may not be accurate or comprehensive. However, such an approach forecloses the possibility of citizens seeing alternative choices and developing new preferences: of accessing a full range of choices, learning and developing. It reduces citizens, commodifying their biology, psychology and decision-making, and transforming human nature into profits for big businesses and maintaining the power of the establishment.
The Cambridge Analytica scandal highlights the erosion of democracy because governments are paying to use these sophisticated techniques of persuasion to unduly influence voters and to maintain a hegemony, amplifying and normalising dominant political narratives that justify neoliberal policies.
'Behavioural science' is used on every level of our society, from many policy programmes – it's become embedded in our institutions – to forms of "expertise", and through the state's influence on the mass media, and other social and cultural systems. It also operates at a subliminal level: it's embedded in the very language that is being used in political narratives. Repetition is an old propaganda technique that sometimes works. The 'Strong and Stable' ideological motif of the government, however, was a tad overused, and led to ridicule because it became so visible as a ill-conceived technique of persuasion. But what about all of the psycholinguistic cues that remain opaque?
The debate should not be about whether or not these methods of citizen 'conversion' are wholly effective, because that distracts us from the intentions behind the use of them, and especially, the implications for citizen autonomy, civil rights and democracy.
As I said in my last article, profit-seeking private PR companies are paid to brand, market, engineer a following, build trust and credibility and generally sell the practice of micromanaging the spread of information between an individual or an organisation (such as a business, government agency, the media) and the public.
Most of these companies use 'behavioural science' strategies (a euphemism for psychological warfare) to do so. It's a dark world where governments pay to be advised not to talk about "capitalism," but instead discuss "economic freedom" , "business friendly policies" or the "free market". Austerity is simply translated into "balancing the budget" or "living within our means". The political coercion of sick and disabled people to look for work by cutting their lifeline support is "equality and social justice" or "helping to move them closer to employment". Propaganda and deception is "strategic communications" and "PR". Psychological coercion is "behavioural science". The democratic opposition are described as "virtue signallers", "snowflakes", "Marxists", "militants" and "the hard left."
On the Institute for Government website, the section called MINDSPACE Behavioural Economics discusses "behaviour change theory" and "influencing behaviour through public policy." Using a language of managementspeak and psychobable. A lot. But surely, in democracies, public policies are supposed to reflect and serve identified public needs, rather than being about the public meeting specific policy outcomes and government needs. And surely governments ought to be elected on what they offer citizens in terms of policy, not on the basis of what they pay for PR, strategic communications, behaviour modification techniques and spying on populations.
We have nothing in place to prevent powerful and wealthy interlopers – such as Robert Mercer, from making an end run around election laws, either. Mercer played a key role in the Brexit campaign by donating data analytics services via Cambridge Analytica to Nigel Farage.
The company was able to advise Leave.EU through its ability to harvest data from people's Facebook profiles in order to target them with individualized persuasive messages to vote for Brexit. However, Leave.EU did not inform the UK electoral commission of the donation despite the fact that a law demands that all donations valued over £7,500 must be reported.
Now it seems that the key players behind Cambridge Analytica have set up a mysterious new London-based data company called Emerdata, with Robert Mercer's Trump-supporting daughters – Rebekah and Jennifer – joining them as directors on 16 March. The disgraced Alex Nix is also a director, along with other executives from the parent compay SCL, including Julian Wheatland. It isn't clear what Emerdata does, though the company is listed under "data processing, hosting, and related activities." It also shares an address in Canary Wharf with Cambridge Analytica's parent, SCL Group, who claim to be the "global election management agency".
SCL have claimed that they can specifically influence behaviour: "for instance – you require a significant number of the electorate to vote for you, it is far more important to get their vote than it is for them merely to hold a favourable attitude towards you."
As far back as 2005, Slate reported on the rise of 'psychological population control', often under the rubric of PsyOps, as a form of commercial service. The PsyOps field is certainly a murky one. As a tool it could be used both to prevent public panic during an emergency, and to prop up a failing government that would otherwise fall.
According to the report, "a company called Strategic Communications Laboratories Ltd (SCL) was advertising itself at a notable London arms fair, suggesting that it could fool the population into believing any number of things in an attempt to divert attention from a presumed 'actual' catastrophe or similar dangerous situation.
When the Slate reporter suggested it sounded like propaganda, SCL's public affairs director – Mark Broughton – was quoted as denying the fact, saying:
"If your definition of propaganda is framing communications to do something that's going to save lives, that's fine. That's not a word I would use for that."
The company's website suggested otherwise however, stating they can provide training "for up to 250 staff, including specialised (and tailored) persuasion and propaganda courses."
SCL claims that its methodology has been endorsed by agencies of the government of the United Kingdom and the Federal government of the United States, among others.
The many obscure (and often interlinked) companies that operate in the same way, and with the same aims as SCL and Cambridge Analytica, exist because of the prioritisation of the profit incentive over ethical incentives in neoliberal states. And because those in positions of power are willing to pay huge amounts to subterranean private companies peddling powerful persuasion techniques to remain in power. These private companies promote private interests as nationless finance, PR, strategic communication, behavioural change and technology as kingmakers seeking to enhance their own profit and power.
It matters not that this entails exploiting citizens' data on multiple levels, misusing 'behavioural science' and the psychological warfare tactics developed by NATO and others to maintain the status quo, and using the public in propaganda, persuasion and psychological warfare experiments, without their consent.
SCL carried a Secret clearance as a 'List X' contractor for the British Ministry of Defence and had always portrayed themselves as experts in the field of behavioural dynamics and psychological warfare, but had no known background in the algorithmic data processing with which they are now associated.
One of the managing directors of SCL is Mark Turnbull. Turnbull had previously worked for the influential public relations and strategic communications firm Bell Pottinger – co-founded by infamous PR guru Lord Timothy Bell — spending 18 years at the company.
In 2004, he founded and led Bell Pottinger Public Advocacy (BPPA, fka Bell Pottinger Special Projects), which claimed to specialise in "understanding and influencing the human and social dynamics of conflict and cooperation…[using]…people's identities, interests, networks and narratives that are the focal point for communications designed to deliver measurable change in support of political, social, developmental or military objectives."
Commander Steve Tatham served in Iraq, he commanded its Afghanistan regiment for some years. He also plied his trade as director of communication research at the UK Defence Academy, and was the UK's longest continuously serving Influence Activities officer. On retirement he became director of operations at IOTA-Global, a UK company owned by Nigel Oakes, the founder of SCL and its research arm, Behavioural Dynamics Institute (BDi).
Tatham designed a course titled "Target Audience Analysis" for the National Defence Academy of Latvia on behalf of the NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence, teaching several agencies how to counter Russia's propaganda in Eastern Europe.
It was originally a 9-week intensive training, delivered as a collaboration between IOTA-Global, BDi, and SCL Defence (formerly an SCL Group subsidiary), Tatham has repeated the course in Moldova and Ukraine. As IOTA-Global recently disbanded its corporate status, Tatham is currently director of defence operations at the SCL Group.
What seems to have been lost in much media coverage of Cambridge Analytica is the understanding of where its roots lie – from deep within the military-industrial complex. A British corner of it populated, as the military establishment in Britain is, by old-school Etonian Conservatives. Geoffrey Pattie, a former parliamentary under-secretary of state for defence procurement and director of Marconi Defence Systems, used to be on the board, and Lord Marland, David Cameron's pro-Brexit former trade envoy, a shareholder.
Steve Tatham was the head of psychological operations for British forces in Afghanistan. The Observer has seen letters endorsing him from the UK Ministry of Defence, the Foreign Office and Nato.
As Carole Cadwalladr says: "SCL/Cambridge Analytica was not some startup created by a couple of guys with a Mac PowerBook. It's effectively part of the British defence establishment. And, now, too, the American defence establishment. An ex-commanding officer of the US Marine Corps operations centre, Chris Naler, has recently joined Iota Global, a partner of the SCL group."
This isn't simply about the misuse of social psychology and data analytics. It has to be understood in terms of a military contractor using military strategies on a civilian population. The tools of psychological warfare are being used on us.
David Miller, a professor of sociology at Bath University and a specialist in psyops and propaganda, says it is "an extraordinary scandal that this should be anywhere near a democracy. It should be clear to voters where information is coming from, and if it's not transparent or open where it's coming from, it raises the question of whether we are actually living in a democracy or not."
I agree. The implications in the undermining of the integrity of our democratic system and citizen rights of so-called western liberal democracies is hidden in plain view.
The problem far exceeds the revelations about the wrong doings of Facebook and Cambridge Analytica. Psychological manipulation of citizens by both corporate entities and governments is now the norm.
The moment that we accept that it is legitimate for governments to impose a 'behavioural change' agenda on the public, it becomes a slippery slope from there into a cesspit of private vested interests, one-party states, corporatocracy, tyranny and ultimately, to totalitarian forms of governance.
The Cambridge Analytica/Facebook scandal is the first 'case study'. It's a symptom of a much more fundamental problem. Mass surveillance, data profiling and behavioural modification strategies are embedded in the corporate sector and are now being used in a way that challenges the political canon of liberal democratic societies, where citizens are traditionally defined by principles of self-determination.
The political integrity and the future of democratic sovereignty has been seriously undermined because of the fundamental erosion of citizens' right to self determination. Power imbalances are being created, recreated and amplified via the non-transparency of corporate and political practices, aimed at surveillance, data collection, psychological profiling and psychologically tailored messages, aimed at manipulating citizens' perceptions, decision-making and behaviours, which serves to ultimately profoundly limit the choices available to them.
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