John B. Goodenough
American solid-state physicist and academic
Goodenough in 2011
John Bannister Goodenough
Jena, Germany
Yale University (BS)
University of Chicago (MS, PhD)
Li-ion rechargeable battery
Goodenough–Kanamori rules
(RAM) random access memory
Japan Prize (2001)
Enrico Fermi Award (2009)
National Medal of Science (2011)
IEEE Medal for Environmental and Safety Technologies (2012)
Charles Stark Draper Prize (2014)
Welch Award (2017)
Copley Medal (2019)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2019)
Scientific career
A theory of the deviation from close packing in hexagonal metal crystals (1952)
Doctoral advisor
Clarence Zener
Notable students
Bill David (postdoc)[1]
Arumugam Manthiram (postdoc)[2]
Nevill Francis Mott
John C. Slater
Philip Warren Anderson
Paul Hagenmuller
Akira Yoshino
C. N. R. Rao
Michael M. Thackeray
John Bannister Goodenough (/ˈɡʊdɪnʌf/ GUUD-in-uf;[3] born July 25, 1922)[4] is an American materials scientist, a solid-state physicist, and a Nobel laureate in chemistry. He is a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at the University of Texas at Austin. He is widely credited with the identification and development of the lithium-ion battery, for developing the Goodenough–Kanamori rules in determining the sign of the magnetic superexchange in materials, and for seminal developments in computer random access memory.
Goodenough was born in Jena, Germany, to American parents. During and after graduating from Yale University, Goodenough served as a U.S. military meteorologist in World War II. He went on to obtain his Ph.D. in physics at the University of Chicago, became a researcher at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, and later the head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford. Since 1986, he has been a professor in the school of engineering at UT Austin.
He has been awarded the National Medal of Science, the Copley Medal, the Fermi Award, the Draper Prize, and the Japan Prize. The John B Goodenough Award in materials science is named for him. In 2019, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry alongside M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino, and, at 97 years old, became the oldest Nobel laureate in history.[5]
2 Career and research
2.1 MIT Lincoln Laboratory
2.2 Tenure at the University of Oxford
2.3 Professor at University of Texas
2.4 Advisory work
3 Fundamental investigations
4 Distinctions
Early life and education[edit]
John Goodenough was born in Jena, Germany, to American parents, Erwin Ramsdell Goodenough (1893–1965) and Helen Miriam (Lewis) Goodenough.[6] His father was working on his Ph.D. at the Harvard Divinity School at the time of John's birth and later became a professor in the history of religion at Yale University. John's brother, the late Ward Goodenough, was a University of Pennsylvania anthropologist. The brothers attended boarding school at Groton in Massachusetts.[7] In 1944, John Goodenough received a B.S. in Mathematics, summa cum laude, from Yale, where he was a member of Skull and Bones.[8]
After serving in the US Army as a meteorologist[9] in World War II, Goodenough went to the University of Chicago to complete a masters and was awarded a Ph.D. in physics in 1952.[10] His doctoral supervisor was electrical breakdown theorist Clarence Zener and he worked and studied with physicists, including Enrico Fermi and John A. Simpson. While at Chicago, he met and married history graduate student Irene Wiseman.[11]
Career and research[edit]
MIT Lincoln Laboratory[edit]
After his studies, Goodenough was a research scientist and team leader at MIT's Lincoln Laboratory for 24 years. During this time he was part of an interdisciplinary team responsible for developing random access magnetic memory. His research efforts on RAM led him to develop the concepts of cooperative orbital ordering, also known as a cooperative Jahn–Teller distortion, in oxide materials, and subsequently led to his developing the rules for the sign of the magnetic superexchange in materials, now known as the Goodenough–Kanamori rules (with Junjiro Kanamori).[12]
Tenure at the University of Oxford[edit]
Blue plaque erected by the Royal Society of Chemistry commemorating work towards the rechargeable lithium-ion battery at Oxford
During the late 1970s and early 1980s, he continued his career as head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at University of Oxford. Among his work at Oxford, Goodenough has been credited with significant research essential to the development of commercial lithium-ion rechargeable batteries.[12] Goodenough was able to expand upon previous work from M. Stanley Whittingham on battery materials, and found in 1980 that by using LixCoO2 as a lightweight, high energy density cathode material, he could double the capacity of lithium-ion batteries. Goodenough's work was commercialized through Sony by Akira Yoshino, who had contributed additional improvements to the battery construction.[13] Goodenough received the Japan Prize in 2001 for his discoveries of the materials critical to the development of lightweight high energy density rechargeable lithium batteries,[14] and he, Whittingham, and Yoshino shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their research in lithium-ion batteries.[13]
Professor at University of Texas[edit]
Since 1986, Goodenough has been a Professor at The University of Texas at Austin in the Cockrell School of Engineering departments of Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering.[15] During his tenure there, he has continued his research on ionic conducting solids and electrochemical devices; he stated that he continued to study improved materials for batteries to help promote the development of electric vehicles and help reduce the dependency on fossil fuels.[16] Arumugam Manthiram and Goodenough discovered the polyanion class of cathodes.[17][18][19] They showed that positive electrodes containing polyanions, e.g., sulfates, produce higher voltages than oxides due to the inductive effect of the polyanion. The polyanion class includes materials such as lithium-iron phosphates that are used for smaller devices like power tools.[20] His group has also identified various promising electrode and electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells.[21] He currently holds the Virginia H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering.[22]
Goodenough still works at the university at age 97 as of 2019,[23] hoping to find another breakthrough in battery technology.[24][25]
On February 28, 2017 Goodenough and his team at the University of Texas published a paper in the journal Energy and Environmental Science on their demonstration of a glass battery, a low-cost all-solid-state battery that is noncombustible and has a long cycle life with a high volumetric energy density, and fast rates of charge and discharge. Instead of liquid electrolytes, the battery uses glass electrolytes that enable the use of an alkali-metal anode without the formation of dendrites.[26][25][27][28] However, this paper was met with widespread skepticism by the battery research community and remains controversial after several follow-up works. The work was criticized for a lack of comprehensive data,[29] spurious interpretations of the data obtained,[29] and that the proposed mechanism of battery operation would violate the first law of thermodynamics.[30][31]
In April 2020, a patent was filed for the glass battery on behalf of the LNEG (National Laboratory of Energy and Geology) in Portugal, the University of Porto, Portugal and the University of Texas.[32]
Advisory work[edit]
In 2010, Goodenough joined the technical advisory board of Irvine, California-based Enevate, a silicon-dominant Li-ion battery technology startup.[33] Goodenough also currently serves as an adviser to the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), a collaboration led by Argonne National Laboratory and funded by the Department of Energy.[34] Since 2016 Goodenough has also worked as an adviser for Battery500, a national consortium led by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and partially funded by the Department of Energy.[35][36]
Fundamental investigations[edit]
On the fundamental side, his research has focused on magnetism and on the Metal–insulator transition behavior in transition-metal oxides. Along with Junjiro Kanamori, Goodenough developed a set of semi-empirical rules to predict magnetism in these materials in the 1950s and 1960s, now called the Goodenough–Kanamori rules, forming the basis of superexchange, which is a core property for high-temperature superconductivity.[37][38][39]
Distinctions[edit]
Professor Goodenough is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Sciences, French Academy of Sciences, the Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales of Spain, and the National Academy of Sciences, India.[40] He has authored more than 550 articles, 85 book chapters and reviews, and five books, including two seminal works, Magnetism and the Chemical Bond (1963)[41] and Les oxydes des metaux de transition (1973).[21] Goodenough was a co-recipient of the 2009 Enrico Fermi Award for his work in lithium-ion batteries, alongside Siegfried S. Hecker of Stanford University who had received the award for his work in plutonium metallurgy.[42]
In 2010 he was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society.[43] On February 1, 2013, Goodenough was presented with the National Medal of Science by President Barack Obama of the United States.[44] He was awarded the Draper Prize in engineering.[45] In 2015 he was listed along with M Stanley Whittingham, for pioneering research leading to the development of the lithium-ion battery on a list of Clarivate Citation Laureates for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry by Thomson Reuters. In 2017 he received the Welch Award in Chemistry[46][47] and in 2019 he was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society.[48]
The Royal Society of Chemistry granted a John B Goodenough Award in his honor.[12]
Goodenough received an honorary C.K. Prahalad award from Corporate EcoForum (CEF) in 2017. CEF's founder Rangaswami commented, "John Goodenough is evidence of imagination being put to work for the greater good. We're thrilled to recognize his lifetime of achievements and are hopeful that his latest discovery will have major implications for the future of sustainable battery storage."[49][50]
Goodenough was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on October 9, 2019, for his work on lithium-ion batteries, along with M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino. He is the oldest person to be awarded the Nobel Prize.[5]
Articles[edit]
John B. Goodenough (1955). "Theory of the role of covalence in the Perovskite-type Manganites [La, M(II)]MnO3". Phys. Rev. 100 (2): 564–573. Bibcode:1955PhRv..100..564G. doi:10.1103/physrev.100.564.
K. Mizushima; P.C. Jones; P.J. Wiseman; J.B. Goodenough (1980). "LixCoO2 (0<x<-1): A new cathode material for batteries of high energy density". Mater. Res. Bull. 15 (6): 783–799. doi:10.1016/0025-5408(80)90012-4.
John B. Goodenough (1985). B. Schuman, Jr.; et al. (eds.). "Manganese Oxides as Battery Cathodes" (PDF). Proceedings Symposium on Manganese Dioxide Electrode: Theory and Practice for Electrochemical Applications. Re Electrochem. Soc. Inc, N.J. 85–4: 77–96.
Lightfoot, P.; Pei, S. Y.; Jorgensen, J. D.; Manthiram, A.; Tang, X. X. & J. B. Goodenough. "Excess Oxygen Defects in Layered Cuprates", Argonne National Laboratory, The University of Texas-Austin, Materials Science Laboratory United States Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, (September 1990).
Argyriou, D. N.; Mitchell, J. F.; Chmaissem, O.; Short, S.; Jorgensen, J. D. & J. B. Goodenough. "Sign Reversal of the Mn-O Bond Compressibility in La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 Below TC: Exchange Striction in the Ferromagnetic State", Argonne National Laboratory, The University of Texas-Austin, Center for Material Science and Engineering United States Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, Welch Foundation, (March 1997).
A.K. Padhi; K.S. Nanjundaswamy; J.B. Goodenough (1997). "Phospho-Olivines as Positive Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries" (PDF). J. Electrochem. Soc. 144 (4): 1188–1194. Bibcode:1997JElS..144.1188P. doi:10.1149/1.1837571. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 23, 2018.
John B. Goodenough (2004). "Electronic and ionic transport properties and other physical aspects of perovskites". Rep. Prog. Phys. 67 (11): 1915–1973. Bibcode:2004RPPh...67.1915G. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/67/11/R01.
Goodenough, J. B.; Abruna, H. D. & M. V. Buchanan. "Basic Research Needs for Electrical Energy Storage. Report of the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Electrical Energy Storage, April 2-4, 2007", United States Department of Energy, (April 4, 2007).
"John B. Goodenough". Faculty. The University of Texas at Austin Mechanical Engineering Department. May 3, 2005. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
Books[edit]
John B. Goodenough (1963). Magnetism and the Chemical Bond. Interscience-Wiley, New York. ISBN 0-88275-384-3.
John B. Goodenough (1973). Les oxydes des métaux de transition. Paris: Gauthier-Villars.
John B. Goodenough, ed. (2001). Structure & Bonding, V. 98 (PDF). CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
Junjiro Kanamori
Koichi Mizushima (scientist)
Rachid Yazami
^ Thackeray, M. M.; David, W. I. F.; Bruce, P. G.; Goodenough, J. B. (1983). "Lithium insertion into manganese spinels". Materials Research Bulletin. 18 (4): 461–472. doi:10.1016/0025-5408(83)90138-1.
^ "John B. Goodenough Nobel Lecture". Nobel Prize.
^ Expert Opinion with Dr. Goodenough - The Future of Battery Storage (Expert Audience) on YouTube
^ "John B. Goodenough". American Institute of Physics.
^ a b Specia, Megan (October 9, 2019). "Nobel Prize in Chemistry Honors Work on Lithium-Ion Batteries - John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino were recognized for research that has "laid the foundation of a wireless, fossil-fuel-free society."". The New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
^ Mattes, Eleanor Bustin (1997). Myth for Moderns: Erwin Ramsdell Goodenough and Religious Studies in America, 1938-1955. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810833395 – via Google Books.
^ LeVine, Steve (February 5, 2015). "The man who brought us the lithium-ion battery at the age of 57 has an idea for a new one at 92". Quartz (publication). Atlantic Media Company. Retrieved February 5, 2015.
^ Goodenough, John B. (2008). Witness to Grace. PublishAmerica. ISBN 9781462607570 – via Google Books.
^ Gregg, Helen (Summer 2016). "His current quest". The University of Chicago Magazine. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
^ Goodenough, John B. (1952). A theory of the deviation from close packing in hexagonal metal crystals (Ph.D. thesis). The University of Chicago. OCLC 44609164 – via ProQuest.
^ Olinto, Angela (September 9, 2019). "University of Chicago alum John B. Goodenough shares Nobel Prize for invention of lithium-ion battery". UChicago News. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
^ a b c "Royal Society of Chemistry - John B Goodenough Award". Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
^ a b Kim, Allen (October 9, 2019). "John B. Goodenough just became the oldest person, at 97, to win a Nobel Prize". CNN. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
^ "The 2001 (17th) Japan Prize". Japan Prize Foundation. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
^ Henderson, Jim (June 5, 2004). "UT professor, 81, is mired in patent lawsuit". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
^ MacFarlene, Sarah (August 9, 2018). "The Battery Pioneer Who, at Age 96, Keeps Going and Going". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
^ Masquelier, Christian; Croguennec, Laurence (2013). "Polyanionic (Phosphates, Silicates, Sulfates) Frameworks as Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Li (or Na) Batteries". Chemical Reviews. 113 (8): 6552–6591. doi:10.1021/cr3001862. PMID 23742145.
^ Manthiram, A.; Goodenough, J. B. (1989). "Lithium insertion into Fe2(SO4)3 frameworks". Journal of Power Sources. 26 (3–4): 403–408. Bibcode:1989JPS....26..403M. doi:10.1016/0378-7753(89)80153-3.
^ Manthiram, A.; Goodenough, J. B. (1987). "Lithium insertion into Fe2(MO4)3 frameworks: Comparison of M = W with M = Mo". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 71 (2): 349–360. Bibcode:1987JSSCh..71..349M. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(87)90242-8.
^ Lerner, Louise (October 9, 2019). "University of Chicago alum John B. Goodenough shares Nobel Prize for invention of lithium-ion battery". The University of Chicago. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
^ a b Perks, Bea (December 22, 2014). "Goodenough rules". Chemistry World. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
^ "John Goodenough - Department of Mechanical Engineering". University of Texas. Retrieved October 10, 2019. [permanent dead link]
^ Nobel Prize in Chemistry Goes to John Goodenough of The University of Texas at Austin (October 9, 2019)
^ LeVine, Steve (February 5, 2015). "The man who brought us the lithium-ion battery at the age of 57 has an idea for a new one at 92". Quartz. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016.
^ a b "Lithium-Ion Battery Inventor Introduces New Technology for Fast-Charging, Noncombustible Batteries". Cockrell School of Engineering. February 28, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
^ Braga, M.H.; Grundish, N.S.; Murchison, A.J.; Goodenough, J.B. (December 9, 2016). "Alternative strategy for a safe rechargeable battery". Energy and Environmental Science. 10: 331–336. doi:10.1039/C6EE02888H. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
^ "Lithium-ion battery inventor introduces new technology for fast-charging, noncombustible batteries". EurekAlert!. February 28, 2017.
^ Solid State Batteries For Electric Cars: A New Breakthrough By The Father of the Lithium-Ion Battery on YouTube (March 1, 2017)
^ a b Lacey, Matt (March 29, 2017). "On the skepticism surrounding the "Goodenough battery"". Matt Lacey. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
^ Steingart, Daniel A.; Viswanathan, Venkatasubramanian (January 17, 2018). "Comment on "Alternative strategy for a safe rechargeable battery" by M. H. Braga, N. S. Grundish, A. J. Murchison and J. B. Goodenough, Energy Environ. Sci., 2017, 10, 331–336". Energy & Environmental Science. 11 (1): 221–222. doi:10.1039/C7EE01318C. ISSN 1754-5706.
^ Steingart, Dan (September 5, 2017). "Redox without Redox". Medium. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
^ Schmidt, Bridie (April 6, 2020). "Li-ion co-inventor patents glass battery that could upturn auto industry". The Driven. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
^ "Enevate Adviser Shares Nobel". OCBJ. October 9, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
^ "His current quest". The University of Chicago Magazine. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
^ "Battery Research Consortium Chosen by DOE to Advance Electric Cars". UT News. July 27, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
^ "Charging Up the Development of Lithium-Ion Batteries". Energy.gov. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
^ J. B. Goodenough (1955). "Theory of the Role of Covalence in the Perovskite-Type Manganites [La, M(II)]MnO3". Physical Review. 100 (2): 564. Bibcode:1955PhRv..100..564G. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.100.564.
^ John B. Goodenough (1958). "An interpretation of the magnetic properties of the perovskite-type mixed crystals La1−xSrxCoO3−λ". Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 6 (2–3): 287. doi:10.1016/0022-3697(58)90107-0.
^ J. Kanamori (1959). "Superexchange interaction and symmetry properties of electron orbitals". Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 10 (2–3): 87. Bibcode:1959JPCS...10...87K. doi:10.1016/0022-3697(59)90061-7.
^ "John B. Goodenough". National Academy of Engineering. 2014. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
^ Jacoby, Mitch (September 13, 2017). "Goodenough wins 2017 Welch Award". Chemical and Engineering News. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
^ "Secretary Chu Names 2009 Enrico Fermi Award Winners" (Press release). APS Physics. April 2010. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
^ "John Goodenough". Royal Society. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
^ "Obama honors recipients of science, innovation and technology medals". CBS. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
^ "2014 Charles Stark Draper Prize for Engineering Recipients". National Academy of Engineering. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
^ "Past Award Recipients". Welch Award in Chemistry. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
^ The Welch Foundation (October 13, 2017). "2017 Welch Award - Dr. John B. Goodenough" – via Vimeo.
^ "Inventor of the lithium-ion battery, Professor John Goodenough, awarded Royal Society's prestigious Copley Medal | Royal Society". royalsociety.org.
^ "Prahalad Award 2017". Retrieved June 22, 2020.
^ "Video (4 mins)".
Further reading[edit]
John N. Lalena; David A. Cleary (2005). Principles of Inorganic Materials Design (PDF). Wiley-Interscience. pp. xi–xiv, 233–269. ISBN 0-471-43418-3.
Scholia has an author profile for John B. Goodenough.
Faculty Directory at University of Texas at Austin
Array of Contemporary American Physicists
History of the lithium-ion battery, Physics Today, Sept. 2016
1 hour interview with John Goodenough on YouTube by The Electrochemical Society, October 5, 2016
Are Solid State Batteries about to change the world?, Joe Scott, November 2018, Goodenough and team research on more energy dense solid state Li-ion chemistry featured 3:35–12:45.
Pr John Goodenough's interview GOODENOUGH John B., 2001-05 - Sciences : histoire orale on École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris history of science website
John B. Goodenough on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture 8 December 2019 Designing Lithium-ion Battery Cathodes
Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1901: Jacobus van 't Hoff
1902: Emil Fischer
1903: Svante Arrhenius
1904: William Ramsay
1905: Adolf von Baeyer
1906: Henri Moissan
1907: Eduard Buchner
1908: Ernest Rutherford
1909: Wilhelm Ostwald
1910: Otto Wallach
1911: Marie Curie
1912: Victor Grignard / Paul Sabatier
1913: Alfred Werner
1914: Theodore Richards
1915: Richard Willstätter
1918: Fritz Haber
1920: Walther Nernst
1921: Frederick Soddy
1922: Francis Aston
1923: Fritz Pregl
1925: Richard Zsigmondy
1926: Theodor Svedberg
1927: Heinrich Wieland
1928: Adolf Windaus
1929: Arthur Harden / Hans von Euler-Chelpin
1930: Hans Fischer
1931: Carl Bosch / Friedrich Bergius
1932: Irving Langmuir
1934: Harold Urey
1935: Frédéric Joliot-Curie / Irène Joliot-Curie
1936: Peter Debye
1937: Norman Haworth / Paul Karrer
1938: Richard Kuhn
1939: Adolf Butenandt / Leopold Ružička
1943: George de Hevesy
1944: Otto Hahn
1945: Artturi Virtanen
1946: James B. Sumner / John Northrop / Wendell Meredith Stanley
1947: Robert Robinson
1948: Arne Tiselius
1949: William Giauque
1950: Otto Diels / Kurt Alder
1951: Edwin McMillan / Glenn T. Seaborg
1952: Archer Martin / Richard Synge
1953: Hermann Staudinger
1954: Linus Pauling
1955: Vincent du Vigneaud
1956: Cyril Hinshelwood / Nikolay Semyonov
1957: Alexander Todd
1958: Frederick Sanger
1959: Jaroslav Heyrovský
1960: Willard Libby
1961: Melvin Calvin
1962: Max Perutz / John Kendrew
1963: Karl Ziegler / Giulio Natta
1964: Dorothy Hodgkin
1965: Robert Woodward
1966: Robert S. Mulliken
1967: Manfred Eigen / Ronald Norrish / George Porter
1968: Lars Onsager
1969: Derek Barton / Odd Hassel
1970: Luis Federico Leloir
1971: Gerhard Herzberg
1972: Christian B. Anfinsen / Stanford Moore / William Stein
1973: Ernst Otto Fischer / Geoffrey Wilkinson
1974: Paul Flory
1975: John Cornforth / Vladimir Prelog
1976: William Lipscomb
1977: Ilya Prigogine
1978: Peter D. Mitchell
1979: Herbert C. Brown / Georg Wittig
1980: Paul Berg / Walter Gilbert / Frederick Sanger
1981: Kenichi Fukui / Roald Hoffmann
1982: Aaron Klug
1983: Henry Taube
1984: Robert Merrifield
1985: Herbert A. Hauptman / Jerome Karle
1986: Dudley R. Herschbach / Yuan T. Lee / John Polanyi
1987: Donald J. Cram / Jean-Marie Lehn / Charles J. Pedersen
1988: Johann Deisenhofer / Robert Huber / Hartmut Michel
1989: Sidney Altman / Thomas Cech
1990: Elias Corey
1991: Richard R. Ernst
1992: Rudolph A. Marcus
1993: Kary Mullis / Michael Smith
1994: George Olah
1995: Paul J. Crutzen / Mario J. Molina / F. Sherwood Rowland
1996: Robert Curl / Harold Kroto / Richard Smalley
1997: Paul D. Boyer / John E. Walker / Jens Christian Skou
1998: Walter Kohn / John Pople
1999: Ahmed Zewail
2000: Alan J. Heeger / Alan MacDiarmid / Hideki Shirakawa
2001: William Knowles / Ryoji Noyori / K. Barry Sharpless
2002: John B. Fenn / Koichi Tanaka / Kurt Wüthrich
2003: Peter Agre / Roderick MacKinnon
2004: Aaron Ciechanover / Avram Hershko / Irwin Rose
2005: Robert H. Grubbs / Richard R. Schrock / Yves Chauvin
2006: Roger D. Kornberg
2007: Gerhard Ertl
2008: Osamu Shimomura / Martin Chalfie / Roger Y. Tsien
2009: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan / Thomas A. Steitz / Ada E. Yonath
2010: Richard F. Heck / Akira Suzuki / Ei-ichi Negishi
2011: Dan Shechtman
2012: Robert Lefkowitz / Brian Kobilka
2013: Martin Karplus / Michael Levitt / Arieh Warshel
2014: Eric Betzig / Stefan Hell / William E. Moerner
2015: Tomas Lindahl / Paul L. Modrich / Aziz Sancar
2016: Jean-Pierre Sauvage / Fraser Stoddart / Ben Feringa
2017: Jacques Dubochet / Joachim Frank / Richard Henderson
2018: Frances Arnold / Gregory Winter / George Smith
2019: John B. Goodenough / M. Stanley Whittingham / Akira Yoshino
2020: Emmanuelle Charpentier / Jennifer Doudna
2019 Nobel Prize laureates
John B. Goodenough (United States)
M. Stanley Whittingham (United Kingdom, United States)
Akira Yoshino (Japan)
Peter Handke (Austria)
Peace (2019)
Abiy Ahmed (Ethiopia)
Jim Peebles (Canada, United States)
Michel Mayor (Switzerland)
Didier Queloz (Switzerland)
Gregg L. Semenza (United States)
Peter J. Ratcliffe (United Kingdom)
William Kaelin Jr. (United States)
Abhijit Banerjee (United States)
Esther Duflo (France, United States)
Michael Kremer (United States)
Nobel Prize recipients
Copley Medallists (2001–present)
Jacques Miller (2001)
John Pople (2002)
John Gurdon (2003)
Harry Kroto (2004)
Paul Nurse (2005)
Stephen Hawking (2006)
Robert May (2007)
Roger Penrose (2008)
Martin Evans (2009)
David Cox / Tomas Lindahl (2010)
Dan McKenzie (2011)
John E. Walker (2012)
Andre Geim (2013)
Alec Jeffreys (2014)
Peter Higgs (2015)
Richard Henderson (2016)
Andrew Wiles (2017)
Jeffrey I. Gordon (2018)
John B. Goodenough (2019)
Alan Fersht (2020)
Charles Stark Draper Prize recipients
Jack Kilby / Robert Noyce (1989)
Frank Whittle / Hans von Ohain (1991)
John Backus (1993)
John R. Pierce / Harold A. Rosen (1995)
Vladimir Haensel (1997)
Charles K. Kao / Robert D. Maurer / John B. MacChesney (1999)
Vinton Cerf / Bob Kahn / Leonard Kleinrock / Lawrence G. Roberts (2001)
Robert Langer (2002)
Ivan A. Getting / Bradford W. Parkinson (2003)
Alan Kay / Butler Lampson / Robert Taylor / Charles P. Thacker (2004)
Minoru S. Araki / Francis J. Madden / Edward A. Miller / James W. Plummer / Don H. Schoessler (2005)
Willard Boyle / George E. Smith (2006)
Tim Berners-Lee (2007)
Rudolf E. Kalman (2008)
Robert H. Dennard (2009)
Frances Arnold / Willem P.C. Stemmer (2011)
George H. Heilmeier / Wolfgang Helfrich / Martin Schadt / T. Peter Brody (2012)
Thomas Haug / Martin Cooper / Yoshihisa Okumura / Richard H. Frenkiel / Joel S. Engel (2013)
John Goodenough / Yoshio Nishi / Rachid Yazami / Akira Yoshino (2014)
Isamu Akasaki / George Craford / Russell Dupuis / Nick Holonyak / Shuji Nakamura (2015)
Andrew Viterbi (2016)
Bjarne Stroustrup (2018)
United States National Medal of Science laureates
Roger Adams
Othmar H. Ammann
Theodosius Dobzhansky
Neal Elgar Miller
Herbert A. Simon
Anne Anastasi
George J. Stigler
Leonid Hurwicz
Patrick Suppes
Robert W. Kates
George A. Miller
Eleanor J. Gibson
Robert K. Merton
Roger N. Shepard
William K. Estes
William Julius Wilson
Robert M. Solow
George Bass
R. Duncan Luce
Kenneth Arrow
Gordon H. Bower
Michael I. Posner
Mortimer Mishkin
Anne Treisman
Robert Axelrod
C. B. van Niel
Marshall W. Nirenberg
Francis P. Rous
George G. Simpson
Donald D. Van Slyke
Edward F. Knipling
Fritz Albert Lipmann
William C. Rose
Kenneth S. Cole
Harry F. Harlow
Alfred H. Sturtevant
Horace Barker
Bernard B. Brodie
Detlev W. Bronk
Jay Lush
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
Robert Huebner
Daniel I. Arnon
Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
Britton Chance
James V. Neel
James Augustine Shannon
Hallowell Davis
Paul Gyorgy
Sterling B. Hendricks
Orville Alvin Vogel
Roger Guillemin
Keith Roberts Porter
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