Method and device to process oxidised ore materials containing iron, nickel and cobalt
F27B17 - Furnaces of a kind not covered by any of groups F27B0001000000-F27B0015000000; (structural combinations of furnaces F27B0019020000)
C22B3/04 - by leaching (C22B0003180000 takes precedence);;
C22B23/02 - by dry processes
FIELD: metallurgy.
SUBSTANCE: method is carried out in two stages - melting and further reduction of a slag melt, sending the slag melt from the melting stage to the reduction stage is carried out in a direction opposite to motion of gaseous and dusty products, gaseous products of the melting and reduction stage are burnt above the melt of the reduction stage. The amount of oxygen in a wind supplied into the melt at the melting stage makes 0.9-1.2 from the theoretically required one to oxidise fuel carbohydrates to CO2 and H2O, amount of oxygen in a wind supplied for afterburning of gases above the slag melt of the melting stage makes 0.9-1.2 from the one theoretically required to oxidise components of effluent gases to CO2 and H2O, amount of the oxygen-containing wind supplied into the melt at the melting stage makes 500-1500 m3/m3 of the slag melt, the amount of the oxygen-containing wind supplied to the melt at the reduction stage makes 300-1000 m3/m3 of the slag melt. A furnace by Vanyukov is disclosed, in which a gas flue for joint removal of gases of melting and reducing chambers is installed in the end of the melting chamber dome at the distance of the reducing chamber above tuyeres of the upper row of the melting chamber along the vertical line in gauges of the lower row tuyere relative to the plane of the lower row tuyeres, the melting chamber bottom is arranged by 5-30 gauges below, the horizontal plane of upper row tuyere installation is by 30-80 tuyeres higher, the horizontal plane of lower row tuyeres installation in the reducing chamber is arranged below the upper edge of the vertical partition between the melting and reducing chambers by 40-85 gauges of the reducing chamber tuyeres.
EFFECT: lower mechanical dust carryover and toxic substances exhaust with effluent gases, reduced power and capital expenses, higher reliability, safety and operation life of melting and gas-cleaning equipment.
14 cl, 3 dwg
The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular to methods and devices for continuous smelting of oxidized Nickel and iron ore.
The known method of smelting of Nickel laterite and other iron - and Nickel-containing oxidized materials on the Ausmelt technology, including the stage of melting during continuous loading in the melt is oxidized ore materials, fluxes, fuel, and when the continuous supply of oxygen-containing blast with vertical lances in the melt to obtain a slag melt containing Nickel, iron and cobalt, dust and gaseous products stage of melting, continuous transmission of the slag melt stage melting into recovery, stage of recovery of the slag melt in the continuous supply of reductant and oxygen-containing blast with vertical lances in the melt with obtaining metal-containing melt, dump the content of Nickel and cobalt slag containing combustible components of dust and gaseous products recovery phase, the production of liquid products under restoration, removal of gaseous and pulverulent products stages of melting and recovery [Patent WO/1991/005879, publ. 02.05.1991, IPC8C21B 3/04, C22B 5/10, C22B 5/12, C22B 23/02].
The method is used for processing of laterite (oxidized Nickel) ores and for the processing of other oxidized materials, containing Nickel and iron.
The disadvantages of this method are the necessity of using blast with a relatively low oxygen concentration, due to low resistance of the applied vertical lances and need periodic repair and replacement. In this regard, the method is associated with high consumption of coal, natural gas or liquid fuel. Increased consumption of blast with low enriched in oxygen causes high pylones and ejection of droplets of slag from the bath melt. Due to the large geometrical dimensions (height) used to implement the method Ausmelt furnace technology associated with high capital costs.
Closest to the present invention is a method of processing oxide ore materials containing iron, Nickel and cobalt, comprising the stage of melting during continuous loading in the melt is oxidized ore materials, fluxes, fuel, and when the continuous supply of oxygen blown into the melt and above the surface of the melt to obtain a slag melt containing Nickel, iron and cobalt, dust and gaseous products stage of melting, continuous transmission of the slag melt stage melting into recovery, stage of recovery of the slag melt in the continuous supply of reductant and oxygen-containing blast in the melt, p is the receiving metal-containing melt, dump the content of Nickel and cobalt slag containing combustible components of dust and gaseous products recovery phase, the oxidation of combustible components of recovering oxygen-blown, the production of liquid products under restoration, removal of gaseous and pulverulent products stages of melting and recovery [Mastering process Vanyukov for processing of laterite Nickel ores of the South Urals Nickel plant // Fedorov A.N., Lumps A.A., Break V.N., Guskov N.A., Kryzhanovsky A.P. / - non-ferrous metals. - 2007. - Pp.33-37]. This method is adopted for the prototype.
Known furnace for continuous melting of materials containing non-ferrous and ferrous metals, including caisson shaft, divided by transverse partitions into the camera oxidative melting and camera recovery of slag with lances, stage furnace hearth, the siphon with holes for release of slag and metalloceramic phase. The lower edge of the partitions located on the side of the camera oxidative melting installed on 5-15 diameters lance camera oxidative melting point below the axis of these tuyeres, and the upper edge of this partition is located above the axis of the tuyere camera recovery of oxides of the slag 2.5-4.5 distances from the axis of the tuyere camera recovery of oxides of the slag to the threshold of the outlet openings of the slag [PA the UNT RF 2242687, publ. 20.12.2004, IPC8F27B 17/00].
A disadvantage of this known device include the following. When the flow of melt through the bottom edge of the wall separating the melting chamber and camera recovery of oxides of the slag, the formation of wall accretions, preventing uniform flow of the melt in the chamber of the recovery of oxides of the slag. Thus, it is necessary to stop the loading mixture to raise the temperature of the melt in the chamber of oxidative melt to melt has nastily that breaks the continuity of the process, reduces the performance of the unit and degrade its technical and economic indicators. When erosion has nastily hot melt from the melting chamber massively, in a large number of "breaks" in camera recovery of oxides of the slag and later in the siphon. In this situation violated the recovery processes of the oxides of the slag melt, worsening conditions for the formation and separation of matte and slag, which leads to increased losses of Nickel and cobalt from slag.
Rehabilitation-sulfiding treatment of the melt in the chamber of the recovery of oxides of the slag possible partial "transfer" together with the slag droplets formed matte and particles of sulfidization (pyrites) through small partition peritoneo device (internal siphon) into the camera oxidative PL is the case, what is so frustrating process and leads to excess reductant and sulfidization.
In addition, flat furnace hearth camera recovery of oxides of the slag contributes to the bottom nataleoprasetio and overlapping blast hole hole, which complicates the maintenance of the furnace, breaks the continuity of melting and also reduces the performance of your raw processing.
Closest to the proposed device is a furnace for continuous melting of oxidized ore materials containing Nickel, cobalt, iron, comprising a frame, a caisson shaft, separated by a vertical transverse partition on melting and rehabilitation camera, equipped with lances, single speed cameras the furnace hearth, the siphon with peritonism channel and holes for the release of the slag and the metal-containing melt with a vertical transverse partition, sealed to the furnace hearth melting chamber and performed above the plane of the tuyeres of the furnace chamber to a height of 35-55 its diameter, the furnace hearth restoration of the camera from vertical transverse partitions to peritonea canal siphon can be made inclined at an angle 25-60° to the horizontal [RF Patent №2315934, publ. 27.01.2008, IPC8F27B 17/00]. This unit is adopted for the prototype.
The disadvantage taken as the prototype of the method and device one is the high level of fuel consumption at the stage of melting, in particular, when the processing of oxidized Nickel ores with high moisture content. Exhaust gases from the stage of melting does not contain combustible components and the flow of oxygen-containing air for afterburning ineffective from the point of view of heat recovery bath melt. Meanwhile, the stage of melting is associated with the main fuel. Exhaust gases recovering contain a large amount of combustible components (CO, H2and others), and their oxidation leads to a high heat. However, the post-combustion gases directly above the bath of slag melt recovery stages leads to oxidation of the slag splashing back into the tub, worsens the conditions of recovery and leads to increased consumption of reducing agent. The oxidation is carried out in a special device, the post combustion chambers located outside of the metallurgical unit, and the use of heat for heating air with a high oxygen concentration is ineffective from the viewpoint of reducing the energy consumption of the process and is dangerous from the point of view of operation of the metallurgical unit.
The existence of two separate flues and treatment systems and waste heat recovery in the processing of oxidized raw material is not necessary from the point of view of their structure after post-combustion of combustible components, and dust captured during PTS is the site of gases, fully refundable at the stage of melting.
In the case of processing of raw materials to produce Nickel - and cobalt-containing matte part of sulfur sulfidization inevitably gets into the gas phase, which requires an additional stage of purification from sulfur gases with its low content. Obtained by the traditional method of sulfur-containing product goes to dump (gypsum cake with a humidity of 30%) or in waste water (sodium sulfate).
The technical result of the proposed method and device is continuous and sustainable processing of laterite ore materials containing Nickel, cobalt and iron, the reduction of mechanical ablation of charge materials and emissions of toxic substances from exhaust gases, reducing energy costs, improving reliability, safety and lifetime melting and gas cleaning equipment, reducing capital expenditures.
This result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method the transmission of the slag melt from the stage of melting into recovery is carried out in a countercurrent movement above the melt gaseous and pulverulent products stage recovery stage of melting, oxidation of combustible components of the gaseous and pulverulent products under restoration carried out on the melt stage of melting, after afterburning gas Pelevine products stage of recovery and stage of melting together cooled and cleaned from dust, collected dust return to the stage of melting, the amount of oxygen in the air supplied to the melt at the stage of melting is 0.9 to 1.2 from theoretically required to oxidize the hydrocarbon fuel to CO2and H2O, the amount of oxygen in the air supplied to the post-combustion gases above the slag melt stage of melting is 0.9 to 1.2 from theoretically necessary for oxidizing components of the exhaust gases to CO2and H2O, the number of oxygen-containing blast supplied to the melt in the melting stage is 500-1500 m3in h/m3the slag melt, the amount of oxygen-containing blast supplied to the melt in the recovery stage, is 300-1000 m3in h/m3the slag melt.
According to the variant of the method of obtaining ferro-Nickel, the amount of oxygen in the air supplied to the melt into recovery, 0.15 to 0.60 from theoretically necessary for oxidizing hydrocarbon reductant to CO2and H2O.
According to the variant of the method of obtaining iron-doped Nickel and cobalt in the case of their content in the oxidized ore materials, the amount of oxygen in the air supplied to the melt into recovery, is 0.15 to 0.2, from theoretically necessary for oxidizing hydrocarbon reductant to CO2and H2O.
According to the variant of the method of obtaining matte containing Nickel and cobalt, the stage of recovery are when applying sulfidization, the amount of oxygen in the air supplied to the melt into recovery, is 0,30-0,60 from theoretically necessary for oxidizing hydrocarbon reductant to CO2and H2O.
As sulfidization can be used pyrite, pyrrhotite, elemental sulfur or gaseous products containing sulfur, with their submission to the melt.
Alternatively, a complementary method, sulfur-containing gases after the combustion chamber is cleaned from sulphur compounds using calcium-containing reagent, and the resulting product is used as sulfidization recovering from obtaining Stein.
To implement the processing of laterite ore materials containing iron, Nickel and cobalt on the proposed method is proposed to use Vanyukov furnace for the smelting of oxidized ore materials containing Nickel, cobalt and iron containing frame, caisson shaft separated hermetically secured to the furnace hearth a vertical partition into a melting and regenerative chamber, lined interior horn with a single speed cameras the furnace hearth, coffered arch, boot device, lance upper and lower range for the filing of oxygen-containing blast in the upper and lower part of the mine, siphon with peritonism channel and holes for the release of the slag and the metal-containing melt, the gas duct, in which the flue for joint removal of gases melting and recovery of the cameras is located in a remote recovery from the camera end of the arch of the melting chamber above the top row of tuyeres of the furnace chamber, the furnace hearth melting chamber is made of 5-30 calibers lances of the bottom row below the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row, the horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the upper row is located at a distance of 30-80 calibers lances of the bottom row above the tuyeres of the bottom row, the horizontal plane of the tuyeres recovery chamber is located below the upper level of vertical partitions between the melting and recovery cameras 40-85 calibers lances restorative camera.
According to the variant of the proposed design Vanyukov furnace for better transfer of the heat of combustion of the combustible components of the exhaust gases tub slag melt and reduce energy costs for processing of raw materials tuyere top row is set at an angle of 3 to 30° to the horizontal plane.
According to the variant design in the firmament of the melting chamber installed lance for feeding oxygen-containing blast that allows you to fully engage in the afterburning of the entire flow of the gases horizontally from the recovery chamber in the melting chambers is.
To reduce the possibility of pereokislenie slag melt is directed from melting in the recovery chamber according to the various proposed versions of the design, the flue is located on the roof and adjacent to the end wall of the shaft furnace remote from reconstructive camera, or is located on the end wall of the shaft furnace remote from the recovery chamber.
In the implementation of the proposed method at the stage of melting ore materials by burning fuel when the amount of oxygen in the air supplied to the melt in the ratio of 0.9 to 1.2 from theoretically required to oxidize the hydrocarbon fuel to CO2and H2O and power mixing of oxygen-containing melt-blown 500-1500 m3per hour at 1 m3the slag melt is complete burning of fuel with a maximum heat generation in the melt. The ratio of the flow rate of oxygen is selected depending on the composition of raw materials and fuel. Components of raw materials and fuel, with the exception of transitioning from fuel combustion in the melt in the exhaust gases is completely transferred into the slag melt. The formation of metal-containing melt (ferro-Nickel, iron or matte) at this stage does not occur. However, heat reactions of oxidation of combustible components of the fuel, for example,
in combination with the vigorous bubbling stirring bath melt [500-1500 m3/(m3·h)] provides intensive melting component of the mixture and dissolving refractory components with the formation of slag. Heat of reactions 1 and 2 accumulated slag melt, continuously flowing on further recovery. Thus the heat of reaction (1) is almost 3 times the heat of reaction
characterizing the conditions of recovery of metallic iron.
At the stage of melting does not occur oxidation or reduction of iron, Nickel and cobalt contained in the feedstock is in the form of oxides.
The reduction of iron, Nickel and cobalt from a liquid slag requires much less heat, and the whole process becomes less energy intensive.
However, the slag reduction is conducted in the formation of off-gases with a high content of combustible components, as this reactions proceed
The use of the calorific value of these gases by implementing post combustion of carbon monoxide formed by the reaction (3), can significantly reduce energy costs at the stage of melting and, consequently, n is the overall process. At the same time, by reducing the specific consumption of fuel and oxygen-containing blast at the stage of melting at the same cost of fuel and oxygen-containing blast supplied to the melt, increasing the productivity of the furnace and reduces the amount of exhaust gases, and hence the operating costs at the stage of melting and the overall process. The counter flow of exhaust gases from the recovery chamber is prevented pereokislenie slag melt is transferred to recovery, and improves the speed, and hence the specific productivity of the subsequent recovery phase.
The proposed construction of the furnace (figure 1) includes a caisson shaft containing a melting 1 and recovery 2 chambers separated by a partition wall 3 and having a refractory-lined furnace 4 with a single speed cameras the furnace hearth. The distance from the tuyere bottom row 5 the melting chamber to the bottom is 5-30 calibers lances, which allows to avoid the formation of supercooled layer of slag melt under the tuyeres (upper limit) and erosion lined bottoms (lower limit), and the lances of the upper row 6 is 30-80 calibers, making it possible to achieve maximum heat transfer from the combustion of the combustible components of the exhaust gases of the slag melt (lower limit) without excessive increase geometries the x dimensions of the furnace (upper limit). The location of the tuyeres recovery chamber below the upper level of vertical partitions on 40-85 calibers tuyeres below avoids reverse "flip" of the melt from the recovery chamber in oxidative (lower limit) without unduly increasing the dimensions of the furnace (upper limit). On the arch 7 melting chamber are bootable device 8 for supplying the mixture and solid fuels, and on the vault rehabilitation camera - boot device 9 for feeding a reducing agent and, if necessary, sulfidization.
Lance top row of the melting chamber can be located at an angle of 3 to 30° to the horizontal plane of the tuyeres, which allows you to direct the torch combustion of combustible gases in a bath of slag and as much as possible to cover the entire surface of the slag bath melting chamber.
To avoid "leakage" flow of combustible gases under the arch of the furnace in the flue melting chamber in the firmament of the melting chamber can be installed vertical lance 10 for reuse.
The release of melt from the recovery chamber passes through the slag trap 11 and the hole 12 for the metal-containing melt.
The release of gaseous and pulverulent products after post-combustion is carried out through the flue gas duct 13, located on the arch the melting chamber above the tuyeres of the top row in the remote recovery from the camera end of the arch melting chambers is.
According to the variant design (figure 2) flue can join the end wall of the melting chamber or (3) be placed on it.
For the proposed method, the loading of oxidized ore materials, fluxes, fuel is conducted continuously through the boot device Vanyukov furnace on the surface of the bath of slag melt, in which through the tuyere bottom row melting chamber continuously serves oxygen-containing blast. In the bath of slag melt is heated components loaded oxidized materials, melting and dissolution of the refractory components with the formation of the slag melt. The quantity of supplied oxygen-containing air and fuel, as well as their ratio and the oxygen content in the blast is chosen in order to provide sufficient raw materials processing heat generated by burning fuel, active mixing of the melt-blown and products of combustion. Power mixing (the quantity of supplied oxygen-containing blast (m3) 1 m3melt per hour) in the melting chamber of the furnace is set so as to achieve efficient mixing and the formation of a slag melt (lower limit - [500 (m3·h)/m3]), but was not too strong spray with obliteration of the arch of the furnace and requiring increased geome the historical dimensions of the furnace (upper limit - [1500 (m3·h)/m3]).
The molten material above the upper edge of the vertical partition flows into the recovery chamber.
In the recovery chamber is the recovery of oxides of non-ferrous metals and iron reactions (4-7) with the formation of the metal-containing melt, such as ferro-Nickel or iron-doped Nickel and cobalt in the presence of these metals in the feedstock. To do this, on the surface of the melt to download the reducing agent. Gaseous fuel, which may partially serve as a reducing agent fed into the melt through a lance together with oxygen-containing blast. The ratio between the amounts of oxygen in the oxygen-containing blast and create the necessary fuel in a particular embodiment, the technology of reducing conditions.
If you need to remove cobalt from the feedstock, the process is carried out by obtaining metallized matte extraction of Nickel and cobalt and production of metal cobalt and Nickel in subsequent metallurgical production by known methods. In this case, together with the reducing agent on the surface of the melt or the melt serves sulfidization.
The obtained metal-containing melt is released from the recovery chamber through the opening (hole) periodically, and the slag continuously through the slag trap.
In case the pererabotki oxidized ore materials with high content of iron and receipt of iron can be arranged continuous production of pig iron through a siphon.
Power mixing (the quantity of supplied oxygen-containing blast (m3) 1 m3the melt) in the recovery furnace chamber is selected such as to achieve effective enough "blend" of the reducing agent in the melt for forming a metal-containing melt (lower limit), but was not too strong it splashing with the transfer of the melt in the melting chamber, requiring increased geometric dimensions of the furnace (upper limit).
Exhaust gases from the recovery stages of melting are removed from the melt and pass countercurrent over the counter flow of the slag coming from melting in the recovery chamber. In the melting chamber gases in the recovery phase with a high content of combustible components is fed oxygen-containing blast. Due to the heat of the exothermic reaction of the combustion of the combustible components of the gas torches directed to a bath of slag due to the orientation of the tuyeres of the upper row of the melting chamber, there is an additional heating of the slag bath in the download location oxidized materials and fluxes. Thereby speeds up the process of melting the raw material components, and reduces the specific consumption of fuel and oxygen-containing blast. Torches vertical burners completely blocked the gas flow, and the calorific value leaving their gas recovery chamber is maximally used.
Exhaust gases are directed to cooling with heat recovery, for example, in a thermal power plant with the production of electricity, you can use heat for drying and heating the oxidized ore materials before their submission for smelting. After cooling, the gases finally cleaned from dust, which is returned back to melting in the melting chamber of the furnace.
In the case of receiving a matte using sulfidizing gases in the recovery of the camera becomes part of sulfur, unreacted metals. After oxidation of combustible components of the gas recovery chamber sulfur contained in the gas mainly in the form of sulfur dioxide can be captured with the use of calcium-containing reagent in a dry or wet method. The obtained sulfur-containing product can be used as sulfidization on the restoration stage. This allows to reduce the emissions of sulphur from flue gases, but also to achieve a minimum flow of sulfidization.
For the practical implementation of the proposed method in Vanyukov furnace flue for joint removal of gases melting and recovery chambers are arranged remote from the recovery chamber end arch melting chamber above the top row of tuyeres of the furnace chamber, the furnace hearth melting chamber perform at 5-30 calibers tuyere bottom redange horizontal plane of the tuyeres of the bottom row, the horizontal plane of the top row of tuyeres located at a distance of 30-80 calibers lances of the bottom row above the tuyeres of the bottom row, the horizontal plane of the tuyeres restorative camera feature below the upper level of vertical partitions between the melting and recovery cameras 40-85 calibers lances recovery chamber.
This furnace design allows you to arrange the oxidation of combustible components of the gas coming from the recovery chamber to the melting chamber, where the heat of reaction for the combustion of combustible components in the process gas is additionally used for heating of the melt and the melting downloadable charge materials. At the same time does not pereokislenie melt flowing into the recovery chamber.
Thanks to the location of the tuyeres of the bottom row of the melting chamber relative to the bottom the entire volume of the melt undergoes intensive bubbling blown, and the furnace hearth is protected from damage. This allows to speed up the process of formation of slag and prevent solidification of the melt in the melting chamber below the level of the tuyeres.
Lance top row of the melting chamber are located close enough to the surface of the melt, so that the heat from the combustion chamber was transferred to the melt, but there was no throwing of the melt in the furnace wall, and on the other side, to the height of the furnace is not excessively large.
The location of the tuyeres restoration of the camera relative to the upper edge of the partition avoids the "flip" of the melt from the recovery in the melting chamber, which leads to poor performance of the furnace. At the same time, it is possible to avoid an excessive increase in the height of the recovery chamber and the furnace as a whole.
The location of the tuyeres of the upper row of the melting chamber at an angle of 3 to 30° to the horizontal plane allows you to direct the flow of the heat of combustion gases at a bath melt. Due to this increased usage of heat.
To prevent "leakage" of combustible components of the gas recovery chamber under the roof of the furnace in the firmament of the melting chamber can be additionally installed lance for feeding oxygen-containing blast, flame from the combustion of combustible components aimed at the furnace bath.
The flue of the furnace, located in the melting chamber, to maximize its removal from the recovery chamber may be adjacent to the end wall of the melting chamber of the furnace Vanyukov, remote from reconstructive camera, or be located in its upper part. In the latter case, it is necessary that the height of the flue was sufficient to prevent the ingress of splashing of the melt.
Main indicators of the practical implementation
1. In the furnace van is a Cove with a sectional area of the melting chamber in the region of the tuyeres of the lower row 18 m 2and the sectional area of the recovery chamber in the region of the tuyeres of the bottom row of 20.4 m2processed oxidized Nickel ore with iron content of 16.1%, Nickel 2% and cobalt of 0.07%. The ore was subjected to preliminary calcination temperatures of 850°C flue gases Vanyukov furnace with a single flue adjacent to the arch of the melting chamber. As fuel and reductant carbon was used. As a flux - limestone. As sulfidization used elemental sulfur, pyrite, pyrrhotite, gaseous sulfur and gypsum, which was partially replaced flux. During varied the value of the coefficient of discharge of oxygen supplied to the melting chamber to melt and above the melt from theoretically required to oxidize the fuel and exhaust gases in the claimed limits, as well as the intensity of the blast is supplied to the melt. In the reducing zone varied the ratio of the amount of oxygen supplied to the melt necessary for oxidation of the hydrocarbon reductant within according to the claimed method. Received Stein with a Nickel content of 15% and cobalt of 0.43%, the Nickel content in atalina the slag after recovery amounted to 0.15%, cobalt of 0.017%. The extraction of Nickel in matte 93.1%of cobalt 77,1%. During stage gases recovery doghali above the melt stage of melting,thus reducing the consumption of coal by 12% compared to the option with separate removal for cleaning gases melting and recovery of cells.
2. In Vanyukov furnace described above constructs was performed smelting of oxidized Nickel ore with production of ferro-Nickel containing 20% Nickel and 0.65% cobalt. In this case, the extraction of Nickel and cobalt in ferronickel was accounted for 95.2% and 85% respectively. In the reducing zone varied the ratio of the amount of oxygen supplied to the melt necessary for oxidation of the hydrocarbon reductant within according to the claimed method.
3. In Vanyukov furnace described above constructs was performed smelting of oxidized Nickel ore with a deep slag reduction and obtaining wysokometanowego cast iron, alloyed with cobalt. The iron content in the final slag amounted to 3%Nickel and 0.04%, cobalt of 0.005%. The Nickel content in the alloy (cast iron) 12%, cobalt 0,40. The extraction of Nickel and cobalt in the alloy was 97,7% and 88%, respectively. In the reducing zone varied the ratio of the amount of oxygen supplied to the melt necessary for oxidation of the hydrocarbon reductant within according to the claimed method.
1. Method of processing oxide ore materials containing iron, Nickel and cobalt, comprising the stage of melting during continuous loading in the melt is oxidized ore materials, fluxes, fuel, and when the continuous supply of oxygen-containing bubbles in the melt and on the surface the Yu melt with obtaining the slag melt, containing Nickel, iron and cobalt, dust and gaseous products stage of melting, continuous transmission of the slag melt stage melting into recovery, stage of recovery of the slag melt in the continuous supply of reductant and oxygen-containing bubbles in the melt with obtaining metal-containing melt, dump the content of Nickel and cobalt slag containing combustible components of dust and gaseous products recovery phase, the oxidation of combustible components of recovering oxygen-blown, the production of liquid products under restoration, removal of gaseous and pulverulent products stages of melting and recovery, characterized in that the transmission of the slag melt from the stage of melting into recovery is carried out in a countercurrent movement above the melt gaseous and pulverulent products stage recovery stage of melting, oxidation of combustible components of the gaseous and pulverulent products under restoration carried out on the melt stage of melting, after post-combustion of gaseous and pulverulent products stage of recovery and stage of melting together cooled and cleaned from dust, collected dust return to the stage of melting, the amount of oxygen in the air supplied to the melt at a stage has been melted down what I is 0.9 to 1.2 from theoretically required to oxidize the hydrocarbon fuel to CO2and H2O, the amount of oxygen in the air supplied to the post-combustion gases above the slag melt stage of melting is 0.9 to 1.2 from theoretically necessary for oxidizing components of the exhaust gases to CO2and H2O, the number of oxygen-containing blast supplied to the melt in the melting stage is 500-1500 m3in h/m3the slag melt, the amount of oxygen-containing blast supplied to the melt in the recovery stage, is 300-1000 m3in h/m3the slag melt.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the stage of recovery are obtaining ferro-Nickel, and the amount of oxygen in the air supplied to the melt into recovery, 0.15 to 0.60 from theoretically necessary for oxidizing hydrocarbon reductant to CO2and H2O.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the stage of recovery are obtaining iron-doped Nickel and cobalt, the amount of oxygen in the air supplied to the melt into recovery, is 0.15 to 0.2 from theoretically necessary for oxidizing hydrocarbon reductant to CO2and H2O.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the stage of recovery are when applying Sul is filestore obtaining matte, containing Nickel and cobalt, and the amount of oxygen in the air supplied to the melt into recovery, is 0,30-0,60 from theoretically necessary for oxidizing hydrocarbon reductant to CO2and H2O.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that as sulfidization use pyrite.
6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that as sulfidization use pyrrhotite.
7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that as sulfidization use plaster.
8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that as sulfidization use elemental sulfur.
9. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that as sulfidization using gaseous products containing sulfur, with their submission to the melt.
10. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the gases after the combustion chamber is cleaned from sulphur compounds using calcium-containing reagent, and the resulting product is used as sulfidization at the stage of recovery.
11. Vanyukov furnace for the smelting of oxidized ore materials containing Nickel, cobalt and iron containing frame, caisson shaft separated hermetically secured to the furnace hearth a vertical partition into a melting and regenerative chamber, lined interior horn with a single speed cameras the furnace hearth, coffered vault, download the full device, lance top and bottom row for feeding oxygen-containing blast in the upper and lower part of the mine, with some siphons of peritonism channel and holes for the release of the slag and the metal-containing melt, the gas duct, wherein the duct for joint removal of gases melting and recovery of cameras placed in a remote recovery from the camera end of the arch of the melting chamber above the top row of tuyeres of the furnace chamber, the furnace hearth melting chamber is made of 5-30 calibers lances of the bottom row below the horizontal placement of the tuyeres of the bottom row, the horizontal plane of installation of the tuyeres of the top row is placed at a distance of 30-80 calibers lances of the bottom row above the tuyeres of the bottom row, the horizontal plane installation of bottom tuyeres of a number of restorative camera placed below the upper edge of the vertical partition between the melting and recovery cameras 40-85 calibers lances recovery chamber.
12. Vanyukov furnace according to claim 11, characterized in that the lance of the top row is set at an angle of 3 to 30° to the horizontal plane.
13. Vanyukov furnace according to claim 11, characterized in that in the code there is a lance for feeding oxygen-containing blast.
14. Vanyukov furnace according to claim 11, characterized in that the flue is placed in the arch of the melting chamber and is adjacent to and remote from restorative to the action of the end wall of the shaft furnace.
Procedure for refining wastes of zinc from impurities and furnace for implementation of this procedure // 2436854
SUBSTANCE: procedure consists in charging wastes of zinc into crucible of furnace, in their re-melting at temperature equal or higher, than temperature of melting at presence of anhydride of boric acid produced in furnace at thermal decomposition of boric acid. The distinguished feature of the procedure is charging boric acid on a bottom of the furnace crucible before charging wastes of zinc. Weight of boric acid is calculated by formula: y=25.1(100-x), where y is weight of boric acid per 1000 kg of zinc wastes, kg, x is content of metal zinc in wastes, %. When temperature of melt of zinc wastes reaches 700-750°C, it is conditioned in the furnace for 45 min. Also, height of melt of zinc wastes in the crucible of the furnace is maintained as 800 mm. The furnace consists of a case, of lining with refractory bricks, of the crucible for melting wastes of zinc laid with refractory bricks, of gas dead-end burners positioned in chambers and communicated with the crucible of the furnace through channels in mason-work of furnace crucible, of a cover of the furnace crucible, of two notches, one of which is located at height of 80 mm from the bottom of the furnace crucible designed for casting refined melt of zinc into moulds, while the second one is located at the level of the bottom of the furnace crucible and is designed for casting melt of zinc containing inter-metallic compounds or true solutions of impurity metals in melt of zinc into moulds.
EFFECT: reduced capital and operational expenditures.
5 cl, 1 dwg, 1 ex, 2 tbl
Procedure for thermal treatment of solid domestic and industrial waste // 2424334
SUBSTANCE: wastes are treated in Vanyukov's furnace with slag melting, supplying charge and oxygen containing gas through tuyeres into slag melting. Charge is melted and slag is generated at temperature 1250-1400°C. The procedure is implemented in the furnace wherein height of tuyeres can be changed. With growth of the lowest working heat-producing capacity of charge height of axis of tuyeres arrangement from a bottom of the furnace is increased. Value of ratio of blast of oxygen containing gas (nm3/hour per 1 m2 of cross section of a furnace) and the lowest working heat-producing capacity of charge (kJ/kg) is maintained within the ranges of 0.07-0.12 facilitating degree of carbon burning-out in charge to its residual content in slag at the level of 0.1-0.15%.
EFFECT: environmental safety of produced liquid and gaseous products of processing for their further utilisation, also maximal low combustible charge components under-burning for maximal utilisation of energy of processed waste.
Process furnace or similar equipment // 2421544
SUBSTANCE: furnace has an outer cover, a reaction chamber inside the cover, a heating system and a system for circulating the reagent gas. The outer cover of the furnace and the reaction chamber bound a first volume between the inner side of the cover of the furnace and the outer side of the reaction chamber and a second volume inside the reaction chamber. The first volume is divided into a first part which forms the heating zone which accommodates the heating system and a second part in which the reagent gas is present. The heating zone is hermetically insulated from the second part. The furnace also has a system for circulating inert gas which is made and placed with possibility of feeding inert gas into the heating zone at a rate which provides positive differential pressure relative the pressure of the reagent gas inside the second part of the first volume in which the reagent gas is present in order to prevent passage of the reagent gas into the heating zone.
EFFECT: design prevents contact between the reagent gas and the heating system, which increases reliability and longevity of the device.
Device for metal-thermal reduction of pulp of galvanic production // 2419659
SUBSTANCE: device consists of cylinder case with cover equipped with internal refractory coating. Also, inside the case there is installed a graphite crucible in form of truncated cone facing the bottom with smaller base. An orifice in the base is closed with a pusher. Further, the device consists of a striking appliance. The device is equipped with a located in the cover branch for exhaust of volatile products of metal thermal reaction from a working reservoir into a neutralising installation and with a branch for blasting with compressed air.
EFFECT: simplified removal of cake from crucible, reduced time intervals between working charges of device due to elimination of crucible complete cooling, its cleaning and restoration, raised efficiency of device and prevention of air pollution with gases generated in metal-thermal reaction.
Caisson of pyrometallurgical aggregate of bubble type // 2409795
SUBSTANCE: caisson consists of plate out of heat conducting material with imbedded into it coil, and of connecting pipes for input and output of coolant. Ratio of total area of the coil of the caisson calculated by its external diametre (F1, m2) to area of the caisson (F2, m2) from flame side is F1: F2-0.90-2.2. The caisson can be made with an orifice for insertion of air tuyere into it.
EFFECT: increased operational resistance and safety of caisson operation of row and tuyere caissons under forced mode of melting and at raised temperature of procees.
2 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl
Furnace for smelting materials containing non-ferrous and ferrous materials and high-melting formations in liquid bath // 2401964
SUBSTANCE: furnace consists of caisson shaft divided with cross partition into melting and reducing chambers equipped with low and upper tuyeres, of sole, of siphon for accumulation and tapping metal and slag via corresponding channels with orifice in lower part of end wall, of device for loading charge and solid materials into melting and reducing chambers and of pipe for fume extraction. The siphon is equipped with at least one bushing for insertion and transfer of an electrode in it, with a block for electrode manipulation, with a power source, and with a block of control-measuring facilities and automation. Also an upper part of the electrode is connected to the power source and to the block of control and measuring facilities and automation; the output of the latter is coupled with an input of the manipulation block ensuring vertical reciprocal motion of the electrode via its drive and its deviation from vertical axis.
EFFECT: ensuring long-term furnace operation maintaining minimal level of mechanical losses of metals and increased safety and reliability of operation.
Furnace for continuous refining of magnesium // 2400685
FIELD: machine building.
SUBSTANCE: furnace consists of lined jacket with electrodes, and of bell installed inside with charge chamber and central vertical channel, with vertical webbing, overflow channels and bottom between two of ribs and two branches with removable funnels. An orifice of diameter bigger, than diameter of a charging branch and of cross section less, than cross section of the overflow channels in vertical ribs near the charging branch is made in the bottom under the charging branch. The removable charging funnel is ended with a cup-like guide of flow at depth of 0.1-0.5 of height of the bell from its top. Also diameter of the guide is 30-80 mm bigger, than diameter of the end of the charging funnel. Working electrolyte of electrolytic cells is used as heating salt.
EFFECT: simplified furnace maintenance, reduced losses of magnesium and elimination of harmful components from composition of heating salt.
Melting furnace // 2399003
SUBSTANCE: furnace consists of case with installed therein melting section equipped with facility for charge supply and burner and electro-thermal section divided from melting section with partition not reaching hearth; also melting section is equipped with electrodes, electric holders, devices for metal and slag tapping and with gas duct. A lower edge of the partition is positioned above the level of the slag tapping device thereby forming a gas-overflow port of alternate cross section with the level of melt. The metal tapping device is equipped with a well communicated with an overflow zone of the partition via a channel. Section of the port is chosen according to specified ratio of furnace width to inter-axis distance between electrodes. The charge supply facility has a chute superposed on a stepped hearth with incline to a partition side.
EFFECT: treatment of lead concentrate of current production of raised humidity (up to 4-6%) ensuring additional recovery of metal from volatile dust-gas components by transmitting them through electro-thermal section; reduced exhaust of lead containing dust.
1 dwg
Procedure for refinement of zinc containing raw material from impurity metal oxides and impurity metals; furnace for implementation of this procedure // 2389809
SUBSTANCE: procedure consists in charging zinc containing raw material together with additive of metal aluminium at amount of 0.02-0.05 % of weight of zinc containing raw material into stand of salts melt of composition wt %: NaCl - 56-59, NaF - 22-23, KCl - 11, Na2B4O7 - 4-6, B2O3 - 3-5 at temperature 600-700°C. The furnace consists of a shell made out of refractory steel. A ceramic branch is used for draining refined melt of zinc into pans. The ceramic branch is also used for emptying the furnace of zinc and salts melt during maintenance repairs and emergencies. The bottom of the furnace is lined with refractory non-metallic materials. The shell of a crucible on internal surface is also lined with refractory non-metallic materials at height from the bottom of the furnace up to 500-600 mm; a layer of refractory glue is applied at the joint point of refractory non-metallic lining with internal surface of the shell.
EFFECT: reliable operation of furnace under continuous mode, reduced power expenditures, and upgraded quality of refined zinc.
11 cl, 1 dwg, 2 tbl
Duplex-furnace for smelting of manganese alloys from ferrimanganese bases and concentrates and anthropogenic wastes of metallurgy // 2380633
SUBSTANCE: in arch of siphon there are implemented openings or windows for loading of carbon-bearing materials, partition with bottom window or windows for flow of melted slag into siphon is implemented in the form of common end wall for liquid-phase smelting shaft and siphon with electrode(s) and allows window or windows for fume extraction from under arch of siphon, located on level not higher than horizontal axis of top row of tuyeres of liquid-phase smelting shaft, siphon is outfitted by solid transverse partition, installed in its bottom part parallel to common end wall for liquid-phase smelting shaft and siphon at a distance enough for flow of required volume of slag melt from liquid-phase smelting shaft on surface of heated layer of carbon-bearing material, herewith solid transverse partition fully separates siphon from liquid-phase smelting shaft, and its top edge is located higher than horizontal axis of bottom row of tuyeres of liquid-phase smelting shaft.
EFFECT: invention provides decreasing of structure dimensions, utilising of all heat of effluent gas from siphon, decreasing of emissions amount of dioxide from siphon into environment.
Method to extract copper and molybdenum from sulfide copper-molybdenum ores // 2463367
SUBSTANCE: method includes main floatation with several rewashes by sulphydric and apolar collectors to produce a collective crude copper-molybdenum concentrate. Then its treatment with a reagent is carried out, such as sodium sulphide, and selective floatation to produce a foamed molybdenum-containing product and a chamber copper-containing concentrate. When processing a crude copper-molybdenum concentrate, a combination of sodium sulfide and sodium thioantimonate at the ratio of 4:1÷1:1.
EFFECT: higher extraction of copper and molybdenum.
Method of processing industrial mineral stock to extract valuable and/or toxic components // 2461637
SUBSTANCE: proposed method consists in leaching of valuable and/or toxic components. Prior to leaching, sintering of mineral stock is executed by cement, calcium oxide and solution produced by mixing active soda solution subjected to photoelectrochemical treatment with leaching reagents. After sintering, pile is made from sintered material. Leaching consists in sprinkling said pile by water or aforesaid active soda solution.
Method of processing of phospho-gypsum // 2456358
SUBSTANCE: method of processing of phospho-gypsum involves processing with an aqueous solution containing alkali metal carbonate, heating followed by separation of calcium carbonates and strontium. Before treatment phospho-gypsum is bioleached using bacterial complexes consists of several kinds of acidophilic thion bacteria in an active growth phase and adapted to phospho-gypsum. Bioleaching is carried out in a vat mode when a ratio of S:L = 1:5-1:9, temperature is 15-45°C and aeration is for 3-30 days with transfer of rare earth elements and phosphorus to the liquid phase. The resulting cake is treated with an aqueous solution containing potassium carbonate as an alkali metal carbonate.
EFFECT: simplified technology of disposal of phospho-gypsum with a complete extraction of valuable components and cost-effectively.
Method for extracting metals from depulped ores // 2454470
SUBSTANCE: method for extracting metals from depulped ores involves crushing, ore depulping in leached solution and sorption of metal. Leaching is performed in ultrasound pulp cavitation mode. Metal sorption on ion-exchange resin is performed from pulp filtration solution in intensity field of alternating current in sorption activation mode of extracted metal and suppression of sorption of impurities. At that, polarity of electrodes is constantly changed to avoid deposition of metal on cathode. Leaching and sorption of metal is performed in a unit providing solution circulation till the specified completeness of leaching from ore and its complete sorption on ion-exchange resin is achieved.
EFFECT: improving metal extraction intensity.
Method for processing oil containing leucoxene flotation concentrate for producing rutile // 2453618
SUBSTANCE: method involves distillation of the oil fraction in an inert gas atmosphere, milling and reducing roasting of the mineral residue by petcoke. Then milling and sulphatisation of titanium cinder are performed with oleum and leaching of titanium-containing compounds with water.
EFFECT: increased chemical reactivity of the concentrate, elevated levels of anosovite phase in the concentrate, increasing increase cost-effectiveness activity of the process through utilisation of the oil fraction and absence of additional consumption of a reducing agent during roasting, reducing of environmental hazard due to decrease in temperature of recovery roasting and sulphatisation.
Method of treatment of copper electrolysis slime floatation concentrate containing precious metals // 2451760
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of treatment of copper electrolysis slime floatation concentrate containing precious metals. The method includes leaching and precious metal extraction. Prior to leaching, sintering of floatation concentrate is done in a saline mixture of NaNO3 and NaOH at a ratio 3: 2 at 350-370°C during an hour. The product produced by sintering is subjected to leaching conducted by water at a ratio S:L-1:3 resulting in metal fraction production. The latter is directed to extraction of precious metals through refining and pulp containing a salt fraction and a solution. The pulp is subjected to filtering, wherein the solution is used rot tellurium and selenium extraction, and the salt fraction is used for lead and antimony extraction.
EFFECT: separating of silver, aurum and platinum metals is simplified, silver and aurum loss in water solutions is reduced, and power inputs and labour expenditures are lowered.
Method of copper electrorefining leaded slimes treatment (versions) // 2451759
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to copper electrorefining leaded slimes treatment, with slimes containing lead, antimony, aurum, silver and rare chalcogens and may be used to produce collective concentrates of precious metals. The method considers two versions of slimes treatment. Both versions include consecutive leaching of slimes and floatation. According to the first version, slime is leached in sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 104-106°C, partial oxygen pressure of 0.02-0.1 MPa and stirring with oxygen absorption speed no less than 0.001 mole O2/m3-hour-Pa, filtered and floated. According to the second version, slime is subjected to liquid-phase sulfurisation at a temperature 160-200°C, then to leaching by ferric (II) sulfate, filtration and floatation. Extraction of aurum and silver in concentrate reached 99.8%.
EFFECT: slime is reduced and content of precious metals therein increases 3,6-4,8 times.
2 cl, 2 ex, 4 dwg, 1 tbl
Method to process nepheline ores to produce alumina and soda products // 2450066
FIELD: mining.
SUBSTANCE: method includes preparation of a nepheline-lime-soda charge, its sintering in a tubular rotary furnace by heat released when burning fossil coal. After sintering, leaching, desiliconisation and carbonisation of an aluminate solution is carried out to produce alumina and soda products. The fossil coal to burn is a brown coal, the solid residue of which contains calcium oxide CaO of at least 30 wt %, and silicon oxide SiO2 of not more than 40 wt %. Brown coal from the Kansko-Achinskiy field is burnt.
EFFECT: reduced consumption of lime in charge preparation and lower content of silicon oxide in an aluminate solution, using a less scarce fossil coal as fuel.
Method of sulphide stock containing noble metals // 2447166
SUBSTANCE: method of sulphide stock containing noble metals comprises mixing stock with water solution of reagents and autoclave oxidising treatment by water solution of reagents on feeding oxygen and adding component with halogenide-ion to produce pulp. Then, pulp is divided into solution and solid residue. Note here that autoclave oxidising treatment is carried out by water solution containing component with halogenide-ion at 160-250°C and oxygen partial pressure of 0.5-5.0 MPa. Extraction of noble metals is carried out by leaching from solid residue by sulfite-sulfate solutions.
EFFECT: reduced number of processes, lower costs.
Method of recovery of valuable metals from superalloys (versions) // 2447165
SUBSTANCE: proposed method consists in valuable metals are decomposed in salt melt containing 60-95 wt % of NaOH and 5-40 wt % of Na2SO4. Then, melt decomposition product is converted into solid phase by cooling to room temperature. After cooling, minced melt decomposition product is converted in water at temperature lower than 80°C to produce water suspension and water fraction is separated by filtration for components to be extracted therefrom.
EFFECT: higher efficiency of extraction.
Method of pyrometallurgical processing of oxidised nickel ores // 2453617
SUBSTANCE: method involves pre-heating of nickel ore in a tubular rotary furnace and reduction smelting in the electric arc furnace. At the same time, the nickel ore is preheated with or without fluxing agents at temperature below 700 °C without obtaining liquid melts. Before reduction smelting, the nickel ore is melted with fluxing agents in a smelting furnace producing ore-flux melt, which is directed to reduction smelting in an electric arc furnace of alternating or direct current. Gases of the smelting and electric arc furnaces are used for heating the nickel ore.
EFFECT: reduced energy consumption for smelting of ferronickel out of oxidised nickel ores in the electric arc furnace.