Issue 71, 2021 - Pages: 87-94
HARMONSIZED APPROACH TO THE APPLICATION OF EU DIRECTIVES FOR DETERMINING SAFETY IN USE OF FERTILIZERS AND NUTRIENT
V. Stankevich1, A. Kostenko1, G. Trakhtengerz1, O. Cherevko1
УДК: 614.878:341.171:631.8
Goal. Implementation of the requirements of the EU Directives in the legislation of Ukraine on the safety of fertilizers and fertilizers.
Object and methods of research. Fertilizers and fertilizers, sewage sludge of the food indus-try, methods of analytical hygienic analysis.
Research results and their discussion. In accordance with the Decree of the President of Ukraine and the relevant order of the Prime Minister of Ukraine and the Decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine "On measures to improve chemical safety in Ukraine" were instructed to develop and approve technical regulations documents (EU). Basically, the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council /2019/1009 of 05.06.2019) corresponds to the "Law of Ukraine on Pesticides and Agrochemicals" (of 02.03.1995 with changes). All fertilizers and products for their production according to the provisions of EU regulations are characterized as products whose function is to provide plants or fungi with nutrients. Fertilizers are substances that are de-signed to increase the efficiency of plant nutrition. Fertilizers by purpose are divided into organic, organic-mineral, inorganic fertilizers, which in turn are divided into groups depending on their phys-ical and chemical condition and individual purposes.
Many years of research on the use of fertilizers in Ukraine have shown that in previous years, mostly mineral fertilizers were used. Their residues and components formed during decomposition were high levels of pollution of the environment, especially soil, water sources, air, especially due to excessive use of nitrogen-containing mineral and organic fertilizers.
Currently, in connection with the development of farms for growing pigs, poultry there is an accumulation of waste from their lives. Organic waste is also generated in the food industry: dairy-, alcohol- and sugar factories. Due to the origin and conditions of formation of these substrates, which are not always characterized by compliance with the requirements of full fermentation and composting, there is a risk of contamination of substrates with pathogenic microorganisms and helminthes, which poses an epidemiological threat.
Comprehensive studies of sludge from wastewater treatment plants of a dairy plant based on the results of sanitary-chemical (determination of moisture, pH, content of organic and mineral substances, heavy metals), taking into account the parameters of acute toxicity and its assessment by in-halation and oral intake in the organism was allowed to determine the hazard class of sludge as waste, which is classified as low hazard - IV class - low hazard according to the assessment of the range of acute toxicity (300
Biological studies on microbiological parameters: determination of coli-titer, presence of salmonella and titer of sulfite-reducing clostridia and helminthological on indicators of total content of helminthes eggs and viable specimens showed that coli-titer sediment is assessed as "moderately contaminated", as moderately dangerous. "Based on the obtained data, it was concluded that the degree of danger to health and the environment waste - sludge from treatment plants belongs to - III class of danger "moderately dangerous", which may pose a threat to the environment if the requirements for the treatment of him.
Conclusions. It was recommended that measures be taken to disinfect the sludge by heat treatment and chemical compounds to ensure the destruction of Escherichia coli and helminthes eggs. After such measures, the results of repeated biological studies showed that the sediment meets the normative microbiological indicators - coli-titer and titer of sulfite-reducing clostridia, the sediment was assessed as "uncontaminated", by helminthological indicators sediment was assessed as "safe", which allowed manufacturers to develop regulatory document the resulting sludge and resolve the issue of production of such a product as organic or organic-mineral fertilizers.
fertilizers, nutrient substrates for soil, safety, EU Directives and regulations.
1. Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 2019 laying down rules on the making available on the market of EU fertilising products and amending Regulations (EC) No 1069/2009 and (EC) No 1107/2009 and repealing Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003. Official Journal of the European Union. Document 32019 R1009. 161 p.
2. Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and re-pealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC.
3. Stankevych V.V.. Tarabarova S.B. Hihiienichni aspekty vykorystannia promyslovykh stichnykh vod dlia zroshennia silskohospodarskykh zemel [Hygienic Aspects of Industrial Waste Water Management for Growing Agricultural Lands]. In : Sb. trudov XІX Mezhdunar. nauchno-prakt. konf. III [Proceedings of the XІX International Scientific and Practical Conference]. Kharkov ; 2011 : 167-170 (in Ukrainian).
4. «MU po sanitarno-mikrobiologicheskomu issledovaniyu osadkov stochnykh vod, 1970 g.», «MU po sanitarno-mikrobiologicheskomu issledovaniyu pochvy №1446-76» [«Guidelines for Sanitary and Microbiological Study of Sewage Sludge, 1970», «Guidelines for Sanitary and Microbiological Study of Soil No. 1446-76»] (in Russian).
5. GN №1739-77 «Otsenochnye pokazateli sanitarnogo sostoyaniya pochvy naselennykh punktov» [HS No. 1739-77 «Estimated Indicators of the Sanitary Condition of the Soil of Settlements»]. Zbirnyk vazhlyvykh ofitsiinykh materialiv z sanitarnykh i protyepidemichnykh pytan [Collection of Important Official Materials on Sanitary and Anti-Epidemic Issues]. Kyiv ; 1999 ; 5 (1) : 276-283 (in Russian).
6. 2000/532/EC: Commission Decision of 3 May 2000 replacing Decision 94/3/EC establishing a list of wastes pursuant to Article 1(a) of Council Directive 75/442/EEC on waste and Council Deci-sion 94/904/EC establishing a list of hazardous waste pursuant to Article 1(4) of Council Di-rective 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste (notified under document number C(2000) 1147).
7. Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repeal-ing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006.
Stankevich V., Kostenko A., Trakhtengerz G., Cherevko O. Harmonizovanyi pidkhid zastosuvannia vymoh Dyrektyv YeS dlia vyznachennia bezpechnosti vykorystannia dobryv ta udobriuvalnykh pozhyvnykh rechovyn [Harmonsized Approach to the Application of EU Directives for Determining Safety in Use of Fertilizers and Nutrient]. In : Hihiiena naselenykh mists : zb. nauk. pr. [Hygiene of Populated Places]. Kyiv ; 2021 ; 71 : 87-94 (in Ukrainian).