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AGM, 108. Manual For Creating a Weather-based Crop Calendar : A Case Study from Senegal
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 2021
Crop calendars, indicating the optimal time of planting and the time of harvest, can aid both farmers and advisory experts in the field of agriculture to reduce any risks. Existing crop calendars are made available for many countries but the planting and harvest periods are very general and can even comprise a period of two months. Defining the onset of the rainy season for the different regions and providing more detailed information about crop cultivation in relation to the length of the growing season, will help farmers reduce their losses and increase crop yield. This report describex a me ...
Manual For Creating a Weather-based Crop Calendar: A Case Study from Senegal
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
Published by: WMO ; 2021
Crop calendars, indicating the optimal time of planting and the time of harvest, can aid both farmers and advisory experts in the field of agriculture to reduce any risks. Existing crop calendars are made available for many countries but the planting and harvest periods are very general and can even comprise a period of two months. Defining the onset of the rainy season for the different regions and providing more detailed information about crop cultivation in relation to the length of the growing season, will help farmers reduce their losses and increase crop yield. This report describex a methodology for building a crop calendar of high quality, to better inform local farmers and advisory services in this field. The first part of this manual describes the methodology in three sections, so that this can be replicated for other countries with a distinct rainy season. The second part consists of a case study for Senegal, where this methodology has been tested and crop calendars were created as an output. Rainfall data for this country was provided by ANACIM, who were also involved in this project. This work could not have been completed without the support provided by Agence Nationale de l'Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie/ National Agency of Civil Aviation and Meteorology (ANACIM). Through a collaboration where rainfall data, knowledge and information were exchanged, a qualitative analysis of the methodology could be executed for Senegal. In addition, this work was funded by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) under a joint WMO and FAO project. WMO would like to graciously acknowledge the continued collaboration and support of FAO on issues related to agricultural meteorology.
Collection(s) and Series: AGM- No. 108
Format: Digital (Free), Hard copy (ill., maps)
Tags: Natural hazards ; Early warning systems ; Agriculture ; Drought ; Climate change ; Agricultural Meteorology Programme (AgMP) Add tag
WMO Publications on Weather, Climate, and Agriculture (2011)
AGM, 109. Assessment of Simple Farmer Rain Gauges Used in the WMO METAGRI OPS Project
The purpose of the various METAGRI projects in West Africa was to increase the flow of information from National Meteorological and Hydrological Services to farmers and this included the need for simple rain gauges to be distributed to farmers. The METAGRI OPERATIONAL Project needed technical specifications for the 'farmer's rain gauge' to make it more suitable for the purpose. The former Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO) Lead Centre agreed to cooperate with the involved NMHSs in the evaluation of the rain gauges by technical consultations, laboratory tests and fiel ...
Assessment of Simple Farmer Rain Gauges Used in the WMO METAGRI OPS Project
The purpose of the various METAGRI projects in West Africa was to increase the flow of information from National Meteorological and Hydrological Services to farmers and this included the need for simple rain gauges to be distributed to farmers. The METAGRI OPERATIONAL Project needed technical specifications for the 'farmer's rain gauge' to make it more suitable for the purpose. The former Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO) Lead Centre agreed to cooperate with the involved NMHSs in the evaluation of the rain gauges by technical consultations, laboratory tests and field intercomparisons. The matters are closely related to the area of expertise of the WMO CIMO Italian Lead Centre, which, according to its Terms of Reference, should be instrumental in CIMO efforts to bridge gaps between countries by assisting CIMO in conducting training and capacity building. The work performed at the Lead Centre consisted in a preliminary laboratory assessment of instrument accuracy, held in 2015 at the rain gauge laboratory of the University of Genoa (I), for a set of gauges provided by the METAGRI OPS. Following the laboratory tests, an intercomparison campaign was held using the same gauges at the field test site of the Lead Centre in Vigna di Valle (Rome, I). This final report aims to describe the activities performed during the cooperation and to synthesise the results achieved. It also provides guidance material for improving the measurement accuracy and fostering standardization.
AGM, 110. Commission on Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) - Expert Team 3.1 ‐ Report on Drought (2014‐2018)
This report is the output from the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) Expert Team on Drought (Expert Team 3.1) from 2014 to 2018. The team members addressed several Terms of Reference (TOR) requested by the 16th Session of the WMO CAgM held in Antalya, Turkey in April 2014. These TORs included the following: (a) Review the definition of drought and conduct a comprehensive review of the definitions and phases of drought (onset, duration, recovery and the 'end point' of drought in all regions); (b) Identify case studies and conduct a literature review of the socio‐economic impacts ...
Commission on Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) - Expert Team 3.1 ‐ Report on Drought (2014‐2018)
This report is the output from the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) Expert Team on Drought (Expert Team 3.1) from 2014 to 2018. The team members addressed several Terms of Reference (TOR) requested by the 16th Session of the WMO CAgM held in Antalya, Turkey in April 2014. These TORs included the following: (a) Review the definition of drought and conduct a comprehensive review of the definitions and phases of drought (onset, duration, recovery and the 'end point' of drought in all regions); (b) Identify case studies and conduct a literature review of the socio‐economic impacts of drought and successful mitigation and preparedness programs and policies. (c) Report on existing material on likely drought changes under future climate variability and change, d) Review the climate science to identify the main mechanisms behind drought onset and persistence (e) Report and make recommendations to CAgM on existing drought indices and potential new drought indices in consultation with the Integrated Drought Management Programme (IDMP).
Appui à l'élaboration et à l'amélioration des plans stratégiques nationaux
WMO, 2021
French, English
Notes: Weather and Climate Information for Africa (WISER)
Language(s): French; Other Languages: English
Tags: Add tag
Translation from
Supporting the Development and Improvement of National Strategic Plans (2021)
Country_Hydromet_Diagnostics
The Country Hydromet Diagnostics responds to the need for a standardized, integrated and operational tool and approach for diagnosing National Meteorological Services, their operating environment, and their contribution to high-quality weather, climate, hydrological and environmental information services and warnings. The Diagnostics is an umbrella tool that draws on and adds value to existing WMO assessment material by synthesizing existing approaches and data into an easily interpretable form, validating the information provided by WMO Members through a peer review process, and obtaining mis ...
The Country Hydromet Diagnostics responds to the need for a standardized, integrated and operational tool and approach for diagnosing National Meteorological Services, their operating environment, and their contribution to high-quality weather, climate, hydrological and environmental information services and warnings. The Diagnostics is an umbrella tool that draws on and adds value to existing WMO assessment material by synthesizing existing approaches and data into an easily interpretable form, validating the information provided by WMO Members through a peer review process, and obtaining missing information.
The Diagnostics aims at informing policy and investment decision-making, in particular guiding investments of the members of the Alliance for Hydromet Development. The Alliance brings together major development and climate finance partners behind a joint commitment to strengthen developing country hydromet capacity. Through the Diagnostics, developing countries are expected to benefit from better targeted and aligned support.
First Report of the Research Board : 28-29 January 2021, Virtual Session
GAW Report, 257. Fourteenth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Centre Europe
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET); Fourteenth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Centre Europe (El Arenosillo Atmospheric Sounding Station, Huelva, Spain, 17–28 June 2019) - WMO, 2021
XIV Regional intercomparison of the Brewer Calibration Center for Europe (RBCC-E) was held at El Arenosillo Atmospheric Sounding Station of the "Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial" (INTA) during the period 17 – 28 of June, 2019. 21 Brewer spectrometers, 15 operators and experts from 11 countries took part in XIV Regional intercomparison campaign. The campaign was organized in collaboration with the "Area of Instrumentation and Atmospheric Research" of INTA, with the support of the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) program of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The Brewer travelli ...
GAW Report, 259. Desert Dust Outbreak in the Canary Islands (February 2020): Assessment and Impacts
GAW Report, 260. Report of the first Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas Information System (IG3IS) Symposium and User Summit : Geneva, Switzerland, 13-15 November 2018
GAW Report, 262/WCC-Empa Report No. 20/2. Research Infrastructure Quality Assurance – System and Performance audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, and Carbon Dioxide at the Global GAW Station Sonnblick, Austria, July 2020
GAW Report, 263. Report of the Fifth Methane Reference Gas Inter-comparison Experiment for Japan from 2018 to 2019
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA); Teruo Kawasaki, Atsuya Kinoshita, Yousuke Sawa, Akihiko Murata, Shinji Morimoto, Shohei Murayama, Toshinobu Machida, Motoki Sasakawa, Kazuhiro Tsuboi - WMO, 2021
The WCC-JMA organized six rounds of the CH4 reference gas inter-comparison experiments from 2001 to 2019 to quantify differences among CH4 standard scales implemented at each participating laboratory as well as to monitor the long-term stability of standard gases in Asia and the South-West Pacific. In the 5th round inter-comparison for Japan, two reference gas cylinders were circulated in turn to JMA, JAMSTEC, TU, AIST, NIES, MRI, and JMA from September 2018 to April 2019. The measurement results of JAMSTEC and WCC-JMA have shown a good agreement with differences of less than 0.4 ppb for two ...
GAW Report, 264. Report of the Sixth Methane Reference Gas Inter-comparison Experiment for Asia from 2018 to 2019
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Teruo Kawasaki, Atsuya Kinoshita, Yousuke Sawa, Shuangxi Fang, Haeyoung Lee, Yogesh K. Tiwari - WMO, 2021
The WCC-JMA organized six rounds of the CH4 reference gas inter-comparison experiments from 2001 to 2019 to quantify differences among CH4 standard scales implemented at each participating laboratory as well as to monitor the long-term stability of standard gases in Asia and the South-West Pacific. In the 6th round robin inter-comparison for Asia, two reference gas cylinders were circulated in turn to JMA, CMA, KMA/NIMS, IITM, and JMA from January 2018 to September 2019. The inter-comparison results confirmed that the differences between each laboratory and WCC-JMA were within the GAW networ ...
GAW Report, 265. System and Performance audit for Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds at the Global GAW Station Cape Verde, December 2019
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Rainer Steinbrecher - WMO, 2021
A system and performance audit for VOCs was conducted at the Cabo Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVO) (co-organised by the Chemistry Department, University of York and by the World Calibration Centre for VOC, WCC-VOC). The audit was conducted from November 27th to December 2nd in year 2019. The observatory is operated as a global GAW station and analyses on-line air samples directly collected at the station towers. The audit was conducted according to the existing WMO/GAW guidelines and SOPs for audits . The audit directly involved the responsible site research scientist and the station manage ...
GAW Report, 266. System and Performance Audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at the Global GAW Station Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus Germany, September 2020
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; C. Zellweger, M. Steinbacher, B. Buchmann, R. Steinbrecher - WMO, 2021
The 6th system and performance audit by WCC-Empa at the global GAW station Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus (ZSF) was conducted from 8 - 9 September 2020 in agreement with the WMO/GAW quality assurance system. This report summarises the assessment of the Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus GAW station in general, as well as the surface ozone, methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide measurements in particular. The recommendations found in this report are graded as minor, important and critical and are complemented by a priority indication and a suggested completion date.
GAW Report, 267/Research Infrastructure Quality Assurance. Fifth International Comparison of Dobson Spectrophotometers Villa Ortúzar Observatory, Argentina, 4-22 March 2019
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Glen McConville, Koji Miyagawa, and Gerardo Carbajal Benítez - WMO, 2021
This report describes the Fifth Intercomparison of Dobson Spectophotometers (IC/BUA-19) carried out at the Main Buenos Aires Observatory (Villa Ortúzar) of the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina) (SMN) from 4 March to 22 March 2019. The Dobson spectrophotometer D065 was used as a reference for comparison of measured ozone column values and to calibrate individual instruments. The Regional Standard (R-III) also participated in the event and was calibrated. Through this activity, the data obtained by individual Dobson Spectrophotometers at different measurement sites will be standardized ...
GAW Report, 268. Ozonesonde Measurement Principles and Best Operational Practices : ASOPOS 2.0 (Assessment of Standard Operating Procedures for Ozonesondes) August 2021
GAW Report, 269. Measurement-Model Fusion for Global Total Atmospheric Deposition Initiative : Implementation Plan for 2021–2026
GAW Report, 270. System and Performance Audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at the Global GAW Station Hohenpeissenberg Germany June/July 2020
GCOS, 236. GCOS Steering Committe Twenty-eighth Session (GCOS SC-28)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
GCOS, 237. Report of the Twelfth GCOS Reference Upper Air Network Implementation Coordination Meeting (GRUAN ICM-12)
GCOS, 239. The Global Climate Observing System 2021: Executive Summary
English, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Chinese
GCOS, 239. حالة النظام العالمي لرصد المناخ لعام 2021 : ملخص تنفيذي
Arabic, English
GCOS, 239. 全球气候观测系统现状报告(2021): 执行摘要
Chinese, English
GCOS, 240. The Global Climate Observing System 2021: The GCOS Status Report
High Impact Weather (HIWeather) Citizen Science Guidance (WWRP 2021-2) : Note For weather, climate and water projects
HYDROMET GAP REPORT 2021
IOM Report, 134. Report on Interlaboratory Comparison in the field of Temperature, Humidity and Pressure in the WMO Regional Association II, V and VI (MM-ILC-2018-THP-2)
This report presents the results of an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) with participation of all Regional Instrument Centres (RICs) in WMO Regional Associations (RAs) II and V, using the methodology and experience from the ILC in RA VI in 2016. The ILC was coordinated by RIC Tsukuba (Japan) with support and input from RIC Ljubljana and the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering (Slovenia). The results of the ILC in RA II and RA V clearly demonstrate the high capabilities of these RICs, particularly in the domains of temperature and humidity calibration. Some areas requirin ...
ORM11 GAW 271, 271. Report of Part II of the Eleventh Meeting of the Ozone Research Managers of the Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Online Meeting, 19-23 July 2021)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Part II of the Eleventh Meeting of the Ozone Research Managers of the Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Online Meeting, 19-23 July 2021) - WMO, 2021
OSCAR Series. OSCAR/Surface User Manual
The Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review tool (OSCAR) of the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) Information Resource (WIR) is a key source of information for WIGOS metadata. The surface- and space-based components of OSCAR are intended to record observing platform/station metadata, according to the WIGOS Metadata Standard described in the Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WMO-No. 1160) and in the WIGOS Metadata Standard (WMO-No. 1192), and to retain a record of the current and historical WIGOS metadata. This Manual explains how to use OSCAR/Surface, ...
OSCAR/SurfaceWeb Client Tool : Overview Version 1.0
The Report of the Audit and Oversight Committee : EC-73/INF. 7(3), 31.VI.2021
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Executive Council, 73rd session (14-25 June 2021, Virtual Session) - WMO, 2021
Report of the Second High-level Session (OCP-HL-2)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; 26-27 May 2021 - WMO, 2021
The Second High-Level Session of the OCP (OCP-HL-2) was held on 26 and 27 May 2021. The discussions were around two themes: (1) the future of weather and climate forecasting, and (2) the future evolution of NMHSs and stakeholders. This report summarizes the main perspectives and recommendations arising at the OCP-HL-2 discussions. The report will be used as a reference by all the stakeholders in global weather and climate enterprise to understand challenges and drivers for change as well as forming common visions and collaborative efforts.
Report on the Unexpected Emissions of CFC-11 (WMO-No. 1268)
The Report was written by the Scientific Assessment Panel to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. CFC-11 (CCl3F) was reportedly fully controlled under the Montreal Protocol since 2010. However, a 2018 scientific paper revealed that instead of decreasing, CFC-11 emissions were increasing. In reaction, the Protocol parties agreed to Decision XXX/3: Unexpected emissions of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11). This Report addresses: current and past observations of CFC-11 atmospheric abundances; information on the CFC-11 global and regional emission increase and subsequent ...
Supporting the Development and Improvement of National Strategic Plans
SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATIONS FINANCING FACILITY (SOFF) : Draft Terms of Reference
This document presents the draft Terms of Reference of the Systematic Observations
Financing Facility (SOFF) UN Multi-Partner Trust Fund.
It is the result of an intensive two-year participatory process to which many stakeholders
contributed. It reflects the outcomes of the SOFF first and second potential Funders'
Forums that took place in March and June 2021. The SOFF team is grateful for the
support and inputs received from all stakeholders.
The document provides the basis for discussions and feedback at the third forum for
pote ...
Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF): First Funders' Forum
This document provides the basis for discussions at the first forum for potential funders of the Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF), virtually taking place on 24 March 2021. The objective of the first forum is to present to potential funders the rationale for the establishment of SOFF; to present the current approach to the institutional design of SOFF; to summarize the process, timeline and status of preparations; to identify participants' questions that have to be addressed; and to present the expectations for the subsequent meetings. Two additional potential Funders' Forums a ...
Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF): Second Funders' Forum
This report intends to provide the basis for discussion at the Second Funders' Forum, with particular focus on: the value proposition of the Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF), the proposed institutional and operational design and respective arrangements of the Facility.
United In Science 2021 : A multi-organization high-level compilation of the latest climate science information
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); et al. - WMO, 2021
User Manual on the Incident Management System Prototype for Regional WIGOS Centres : (Version 0.1, October 2020)
This user's manual is intended for registered users to the Incident Management System (IMS) prototype for Regional WIGOS Centres (RWCs) which is provided and configured at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), based on JIRA software, an online tool for issue tracking. The IMS for RWCs is a project under ECMWF JIRA, designed as a global system, that is available for RWCs to perform one of their mandatory function, the WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System (WDQMS) incident management function. The expected users of this manual include the RWCs staff, the National Focal P ...
WCDMP, 86. Tenth Seminar for Homogenization and Quality Control in Climatological Databases and Fifth Conference on Spatial Interpolation Techniques in Climatology and Meteorology
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Tenth Seminar for Homogenization and Quality Control in Climatological Databases and Fifth Conference on Spatial Interpolation Techniques in Climatology and Meteorology (Budapest, Hungary, 12-14 October 2020, Online) - WMO, 2021
In this paper we try to summarize the main topics of homogenization, quality control and spatial interpolation.
WIGOS 区域中心事件管理系统原型用户手册 : (2020 年10 月,0.1 版)
WMO Aerosol Bulletin No. 4 - April 2021 : Aerosols from biomass burning
English, French, Spanish
حالة المناخ في آسيا 2020 (WMO-No. 1273)
دليل المستخدم للنموذج الأولي لنظام إدارة الحوادث في المراكز الإقليمية للنظام العالمي المتكامل للرصد التابع للمنظمة - الطبعة 0.1
亚洲气候状况 2020 (WMO-No. 1273)
观测、基础设施与信息系统委员会 : 第一次届会最终节略报告
世界气象组织 (WMO); INFCOM-1 (18 March–18 May 2020, 9–13 November 2020, 12–16 April 2021) - WMO, 2021 (WMO-No. 1251)
AeM Series, 06. Outcomes of the 2020 Survey on the Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Aviation
A global survey on the impacts of climate change and variability on aviation was conducted by the Standing Committee on Services for Aviation (SC-AVI) between January and March 2020. The primary objective of the survey was to clarify the interest and concerns of an array of aviation professionals around the world to the climate change and variability issue and to its impact on aviation operations now and into the future.
CREWS Report Series Annual Report, 03. CREWS 2019 Annual Report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; World Bank the; Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, the ; et al. - WMO, 2020
ETR, 27. Global Campus Innovations
Workplace changes occurring each day and more rapidly call for significant innovations in the way we educate and train people for their professional careers. The new global and digital economies call for fluidity, resilience, and readiness for rapid reskilling to meet changing demands. The many papers collected in this publication reveal just a small sample of the innovations being explored in education and training around the world. Many of these originated as goals to increase access for learners, to make learning more efficient, or to increase the impacts of training initiatives to ensure t ...
GAW Report, 249. Report of the Fifth Session of the CAS Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry Scientific Steering Committee
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