Gasification
In: Other Topics
Submitted By zaniah
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
ANALYSIS IN tire gasification process for alternative electrical energy
Megaminds
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Renewable energy has been a tough challenge to everyone not only here in the Philippines but for the entire world. This dilemma basically answers a big question of how to produce an alternative energy without sacrificing the environment's status qou. Last 2008, former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed the Renewable Energy Act of 2008 (Republic Act 9531) which seeks to promote the development of renewable energy resources and its commercialization. It aims to achieve this by providing incentives to institutions that invest in the sector. Sources of renewable energy include the sun, wind, bodies of water, organic matter and the earth's heat. The campaign for this energy saving and energy producing with a minimal environmental effect has been a trend in today's rampant consumption of energy generation. In relation to this, the challenge has been shared not only to those who are able to be engage in huge production of energy but also to those who are wiling to start little steps to contribute great impact.
As amended the source of energy may vary but the important factor is the output efficiency. This research is an improvement of an existing research that focus in energy production from waste material specifically used tires. The selection of subject material to be used as been a product of the gist of how to eliminate the not-so-environmentally-friendly material such as tires and materialize a more useful energy from it such as electrical energy. Though the choice of material has not been unique the research is dedicated to be involved in more idea for the sake of improvement. The usage of rubbers was considered for continuous study and development. But for the sake of the study the research group would be engage in a thorough study of tire gasification.
Gasification Process
In principle, gasification can proceed from just about any organic material, including biomass and plastic waste. The resulting syngas can be combusted. Alternatively, if the syngas is clean enough, it may be used for power production in gas engines, gas turbines or even fuel cells, or converted efficiently to dimethyl ether (DME) by methanol dehydration, methane via the Sabatier reaction, or diesel-like synthetic fuel via the Fischer-Tropsch process. In many gasification processes most of the inorganic components of the input material, such as metals and minerals, are retained in the ash. In some gasification processes (slagging gasification) this ash has the form of a glassy solid with low leaching properties, but the net power production in slagging gasification is low (sometimes negative) and costs are higher.
Regardless of the final fuel form, gasification itself and subsequent processing neither directly emits nor traps greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Power consumption in the gasification and syngas conversion processes may be significant though, and may indirectly cause CO2emissions; in slagging and plasma gasification, the electricity consumption may even exceed any power production from the syngas.
Combustion of syngas or derived fuels emits exactly the same amount of carbon dioxide as would have been emitted from direct combustion of the initial fuel. Biomass gasification and combustion could play a significant role in a renewable energy economy, because biomass production removes the same amount of CO2 from the atmosphere as is emitted from gasification and combust. While other biofuel technologies such as biogas and biodiesel are carbon neutral, gasification in principle may run on a wider variety of input materials and can be used to produce a wider variety of output fuels.
Tire Gasification
The gasification process has been an interesting subject for the choice material considering the environmental issue that this research indulges into. Basically the process of gasification is done by converting the fossil based carbonaceous materials into a carbon monoxide. See the figure below for more thorough understanding of the matter. It is done by reacting the material into a high temperature without being subjected to combustion. The resulting gas is a fuel itself which is called the synthesis gas or syngas. The advantage of gasification is that using the syngas is potentially more efficient than direct combustion of the original fuel because it can be combusted at higher temperatures or even in fuel cells, so that the thermodynamic upper limit to the efficiency defined by Carnot's rule is higher or not applicable. Syngas may be burned directly in gas engines, used to produce methanol and hydrogen, or converted via the Fischer-Tropsch process into synthetic. Gasification can also begin with material which would otherwise have been disposed of such as biodegradable waste. In addition, the high-temperature process refines out corrosive ash elements such as chloride and potassium, allowing clean gas production from otherwise problematic fuels. Gasification of fossil fuels is currently widely used on industrial scales to generate electricity. Gasification and pyrolysis are similar processes; both decompose organic waste by exposing it to high temperatures. Both processes limit the amount of oxygen present during decomposition; gasification allows a small amount of oxygen, pyrolysis allows none.
Pictorial Representations
http://cturare.tripod.com/pro.htm
http://www.rentechinc.com/gasifier.php
Environmental Implication Fore-Search
Former study shows that the gasification process take no holds of ensuring a zero-effect environmental implication. It has been concluded in a research conducted by the Ohio Institute of Technology that the Tire gasification process produce an immense addition to the existing green house gasses which turns to be the biggest contributor of global warming in the atmosphere. It has also been proved that this same process produces water and solid wastes. In relation to these, it is a challenge for the researcher to avoid the negative application of the process in the environment. The recyclable characteristic of the choice material is being analysed versus the environmental implication and of course the main purpose of producing the desired renewable energy.
Electronic Citations: * Ohio Institute of Technology on it's analysis in environmental impact of the processed chosen. This reference has concluded that the chosen process gravely affects the environment if procedures were not thoroughly followed. These implications were presented in data through charts and tables validated by the Ohio Citizen Organization. * Pinoy business organization for the renewable energy act of 2008. The elaboration of the Republic Act 9531 and the amendment of this act gave way to various research opportunities in the Philippines. * Birch Energy Company for the tire gasification process gist. The tire gasification process processes the fuel which this company sells and markets. The initiative of this company gives way to the familiarization and publication of the process. * Renewable Energy Wiki for the information of gasification process and pictorial representation.
Related Literatures
http://www.ufto.com/clients-only/data/55.html http://www.recycle.net/Rubber/pyro/index.html http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Publications/Tires/62095001.pdf http://www.svend.com/tire-to-fuel-energy/used-tire-gasification-process.html
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