When you spot one driving hazard, you may be missing another
by Matt Shipman , North Carolina State University
An image from the SSM traffic study. Viewers were less likely to notice the jogger on the left when the bicyclist was in front of them. Credit: North Carolina State University
When people notice one traffic hazard, they are less likely to see a simultaneous second hazard, according to new research from North Carolina State University. The finding has potential applications for both driver training and the development of automated, in-vehicle safety technologies.
"This is a phenomenon called a subsequent search miss (SSM), which was first described in the context of doctors evaluating medical images—their ability to spot a problem was hindered if they had already found another problem in the same image," says Jing Feng, corresponding author of a paper on the research and an associate professor of psychology at NC State. "We wanted to determine whether SSMs might impact driving safety. What we've found suggests that SSMs may play an important role."
To test this, researchers conducted three studies. Each study asked participants to evaluate 100 traffic images and identify any potential hazards that would prevent them from driving in a given direction. Each image contained between zero and two hazards. Some hazards were "high-salience" targets, meaning they were glaringly obvious—like a red sports car. Other hazards were low-salience targets, such as drably dressed pedestrians.
In the first study, researchers gave 20 participants approximately one second to identify any hazards. The participants were able to detect 70 percent of low-salience targets if they were the only hazard in the scene. But only 30 percent of the low-salience targets were identified when there were two hazards in the scene. In other words, low-salience hazards were 40 percent less likely to be identified when they appeared in the same scene as a high-salience hazard.
In the second study, researchers gave 29 participants up to five seconds to spot any hazards. In this study, participants did a better job of identifying both high-salience and low-salience targets—but low-salience targets were still 15 percent less likely to be identified in scenes where there were two hazards. In other words, while performance improved with extra time, SSMs were still present.
In the final study, researchers gave 30 participants up to five seconds to identify any hazards—but there was a twist. Scenes were introduced as having either a high risk or a low risk of containing multiple targets.
"Here, we found that participants spent more time evaluating traffic scenes after being told the scenes were high risk," says Robert Sall, first author of the paper and a Ph.D. student at NC State. "However, there was still a distinct pattern of performance that could be attributed to SSMs."
When told scenes were low-risk, low-salience targets were 18 percent less likely to be identified in two-hazard scenes. When given high-risk instructions, low-salience targets were 31 percent less likely to be identified in two-hazard scenes.
"This work gives us a much better understanding of why people miss certain hazards when driving," Sall says. "It could help us modify driver training to reduce accidents, and inform the development of in-vehicle technologies that focus on accident reduction."
"Our findings will also likely be useful for those whose work involves traffic accident diagnostics," Feng says. "It's now clear that SSMs have the potential to prevent drivers from noticing important pieces of visual information, which may contribute to lapses in driving performance. A great deal of work now needs to be done to determine the scope of the problem and what we can do about it."
More information: Robert J. Sall et al. Dual-target hazard perception: Could identifying one hazard hinder a driver's capacity to find a second?, Accident Analysis & Prevention (2019). DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.06.016
Provided by North Carolina State University
Older drivers adapt their thinking to improve road hazard detection
People recycle more when they know what recyclable waste becomes
Overturning widely held ideas: Visual attention drawn to meaning, not what stands out
Researchers study how individual differences in brain dynamics influence self-control when faced with temptation
Hazards on the road ahead
Will automated vehicles take the stress out of driving? Research says 'don't count on it'
Self-driving race cars zip into history at CES
Charging electric vehicles with photovoltaics at home
Study finds electric vehicles provide lower carbon emissions through additional channels
Exploring the factors that influence drivers while transitioning from highly automated driving
'Smooth ride': UAE taxis drive towards autonomous future
Research pushes auto industry closer to clean cars powered by direct ethanol fuel cells