River versus atmospheric input of material to the mediterranean sea: an overview
Jean Marie Martin, Francoise Elbaz-Poulichet, Cécile Guieu, Marie Dominique Loÿe-Pilot, Gengchen Han
River input has long been considered as the major source of chemical elements to the ocean system. However, in recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that atmospheric transport plays a central role in the supply of material to the ocean. This atmospheric input is especially important in shelf seas and semi-enclosed seas such as the Mediterranean, which is close to potential pollution sources in Northern Europe and subjected to the well-known influx of Sahara red dust. This paper summarizes the work performed by the Land-Sea Interactions Group of CNRS (1984-1987) and the EROS-2000 programme (1987-1988) on a variety of elements and compounds in this area, where a combined study of river and atmospheric fluxes has been carried out. It is shown that the atmospheric input of red dust is of the same order of magnitude as the annual downstream flow of rivers discharging to the Western Mediterranean. As far as trace metals are concerned, the atmospheric flux of Cu, Pb and Cd exceeds river input by one to two orders of magnitude. However, the incoming flux through the straits of Sicily and (mainly) Gibraltar might be as important as the atmospheric flux; the residence times of these three metals are either shorter than the water renewal time (Pb, Cu) or equivalent to it, so that their accumulation in the water column is unlikely. As far as artificial radionuclides are concerned, atmospheric input is predominant for 239Pu + 240Pu and 137Cs, whereas 238 Pu is mainly of riverine origin. The fluxes of nitrogen supplied by rivers and rain are approximately equivalent. The biological significance of this nitrogen input is discussed; it is estimated that the atmospheric nitrogen corresponds to 10% of the average 'new' production and may reach values as high as 50% during oligotrophic periods.
Marine Chemistry
https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(89)90193-X
10.1016/0304-4203(89)90193-X
Dive into the research topics of 'River versus atmospheric input of material to the mediterranean sea: an overview'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Mediterranean Sea Earth & Environmental Sciences 100%
Dust Chemical Compounds 74%
Nitrogen Chemical Compounds 60%
river Earth & Environmental Sciences 49%
Red Chemical Compounds 46%
material Earth & Environmental Sciences 40%
Radionuclides Chemical Compounds 39%
Trace Metal Chemical Compounds 37%
Martin, J. M., Elbaz-Poulichet, F., Guieu, C., Loÿe-Pilot, M. D., & Han, G. (1989). River versus atmospheric input of material to the mediterranean sea: an overview. Marine Chemistry, 28(1-3), 159-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(89)90193-X
River versus atmospheric input of material to the mediterranean sea : an overview. / Martin, Jean Marie; Elbaz-Poulichet, Francoise; Guieu, Cécile et al.
In: Marine Chemistry, Vol. 28, No. 1-3, 12.1989, p. 159-182.
Martin, JM, Elbaz-Poulichet, F, Guieu, C, Loÿe-Pilot, MD & Han, G 1989, 'River versus atmospheric input of material to the mediterranean sea: an overview', Marine Chemistry, vol. 28, no. 1-3, pp. 159-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(89)90193-X
Martin JM, Elbaz-Poulichet F, Guieu C, Loÿe-Pilot MD, Han G. River versus atmospheric input of material to the mediterranean sea: an overview. Marine Chemistry. 1989 Dec;28(1-3):159-182. doi: 10.1016/0304-4203(89)90193-X
Martin, Jean Marie ; Elbaz-Poulichet, Francoise ; Guieu, Cécile et al. / River versus atmospheric input of material to the mediterranean sea : an overview. In: Marine Chemistry. 1989 ; Vol. 28, No. 1-3. pp. 159-182.
@article{8b31f405350d4995964365772fedec30,
title = "River versus atmospheric input of material to the mediterranean sea: an overview",
abstract = "River input has long been considered as the major source of chemical elements to the ocean system. However, in recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that atmospheric transport plays a central role in the supply of material to the ocean. This atmospheric input is especially important in shelf seas and semi-enclosed seas such as the Mediterranean, which is close to potential pollution sources in Northern Europe and subjected to the well-known influx of Sahara red dust. This paper summarizes the work performed by the Land-Sea Interactions Group of CNRS (1984-1987) and the EROS-2000 programme (1987-1988) on a variety of elements and compounds in this area, where a combined study of river and atmospheric fluxes has been carried out. It is shown that the atmospheric input of red dust is of the same order of magnitude as the annual downstream flow of rivers discharging to the Western Mediterranean. As far as trace metals are concerned, the atmospheric flux of Cu, Pb and Cd exceeds river input by one to two orders of magnitude. However, the incoming flux through the straits of Sicily and (mainly) Gibraltar might be as important as the atmospheric flux; the residence times of these three metals are either shorter than the water renewal time (Pb, Cu) or equivalent to it, so that their accumulation in the water column is unlikely. As far as artificial radionuclides are concerned, atmospheric input is predominant for 239Pu + 240Pu and 137Cs, whereas 238 Pu is mainly of riverine origin. The fluxes of nitrogen supplied by rivers and rain are approximately equivalent. The biological significance of this nitrogen input is discussed; it is estimated that the atmospheric nitrogen corresponds to 10% of the average 'new' production and may reach values as high as 50% during oligotrophic periods.",
author = "Martin, {Jean Marie} and Francoise Elbaz-Poulichet and C{\'e}cile Guieu and Lo{\"y}e-Pilot, {Marie Dominique} and Gengchen Han",
note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by the Land-Sea Interactions Coordinated Group of CNRS (1984-1987) and EROS-2000 programme of CEC (1987-1988). Additional funding was obtained from UNEP/IOC.",
doi = "10.1016/0304-4203(89)90193-X",
journal = "Marine Chemistry",
T1 - River versus atmospheric input of material to the mediterranean sea
T2 - an overview
AU - Martin, Jean Marie
AU - Elbaz-Poulichet, Francoise
AU - Guieu, Cécile
AU - Loÿe-Pilot, Marie Dominique
AU - Han, Gengchen
N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported by the Land-Sea Interactions Coordinated Group of CNRS (1984-1987) and EROS-2000 programme of CEC (1987-1988). Additional funding was obtained from UNEP/IOC.
N2 - River input has long been considered as the major source of chemical elements to the ocean system. However, in recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that atmospheric transport plays a central role in the supply of material to the ocean. This atmospheric input is especially important in shelf seas and semi-enclosed seas such as the Mediterranean, which is close to potential pollution sources in Northern Europe and subjected to the well-known influx of Sahara red dust. This paper summarizes the work performed by the Land-Sea Interactions Group of CNRS (1984-1987) and the EROS-2000 programme (1987-1988) on a variety of elements and compounds in this area, where a combined study of river and atmospheric fluxes has been carried out. It is shown that the atmospheric input of red dust is of the same order of magnitude as the annual downstream flow of rivers discharging to the Western Mediterranean. As far as trace metals are concerned, the atmospheric flux of Cu, Pb and Cd exceeds river input by one to two orders of magnitude. However, the incoming flux through the straits of Sicily and (mainly) Gibraltar might be as important as the atmospheric flux; the residence times of these three metals are either shorter than the water renewal time (Pb, Cu) or equivalent to it, so that their accumulation in the water column is unlikely. As far as artificial radionuclides are concerned, atmospheric input is predominant for 239Pu + 240Pu and 137Cs, whereas 238 Pu is mainly of riverine origin. The fluxes of nitrogen supplied by rivers and rain are approximately equivalent. The biological significance of this nitrogen input is discussed; it is estimated that the atmospheric nitrogen corresponds to 10% of the average 'new' production and may reach values as high as 50% during oligotrophic periods.
AB - River input has long been considered as the major source of chemical elements to the ocean system. However, in recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that atmospheric transport plays a central role in the supply of material to the ocean. This atmospheric input is especially important in shelf seas and semi-enclosed seas such as the Mediterranean, which is close to potential pollution sources in Northern Europe and subjected to the well-known influx of Sahara red dust. This paper summarizes the work performed by the Land-Sea Interactions Group of CNRS (1984-1987) and the EROS-2000 programme (1987-1988) on a variety of elements and compounds in this area, where a combined study of river and atmospheric fluxes has been carried out. It is shown that the atmospheric input of red dust is of the same order of magnitude as the annual downstream flow of rivers discharging to the Western Mediterranean. As far as trace metals are concerned, the atmospheric flux of Cu, Pb and Cd exceeds river input by one to two orders of magnitude. However, the incoming flux through the straits of Sicily and (mainly) Gibraltar might be as important as the atmospheric flux; the residence times of these three metals are either shorter than the water renewal time (Pb, Cu) or equivalent to it, so that their accumulation in the water column is unlikely. As far as artificial radionuclides are concerned, atmospheric input is predominant for 239Pu + 240Pu and 137Cs, whereas 238 Pu is mainly of riverine origin. The fluxes of nitrogen supplied by rivers and rain are approximately equivalent. The biological significance of this nitrogen input is discussed; it is estimated that the atmospheric nitrogen corresponds to 10% of the average 'new' production and may reach values as high as 50% during oligotrophic periods.
U2 - 10.1016/0304-4203(89)90193-X
DO - 10.1016/0304-4203(89)90193-X
JO - Marine Chemistry
JF - Marine Chemistry