Despite their clothing being rather straightforward (mostly lengths of undyed linen tied in various ways or sewn into simple shapes), Egyptians in ancient times had pretty sophisticated resources for the fabric arts.
Ancient Egypt Medical tools. From top to bottom, a copper needle, a silver needle (missing the eye), and a copper pin with loop head. All are dated to the Predynastic period, and were found in Naqada. Nunn, J. 1996. Ancient Egyptian Medicine. Norman:University of Oklahoma Press. Page 172.
The needles in the above picture don't state their lengths (and, oddly, claim them as medical tools, not fabric ones). They come from long before New Kingdom days (6000-3150 BCE) yet show quite complex metalwork with two different kinds of metal. That top needle in particular would look completely ordinary in any modern sewing basket.
In other photos from the New Kingdom and before, we see needles made out of bone, ivory, and bronze or copper alloy and ranging in length from 8 cm (3 1/8 in) to 20 cm (8 1/8 in), the longer ones noted as being for weaving fish nets and other textiles.
Ancient Egyptians embroidered clothing and other fabrics and used a range of different stitches for that and other sewing and needlework.
The ancient Egyptians used a comparatively narrow range of decorative embroidery stitches. Identified to date, these are the blanket stitch, chain stitch, running stitch, satin stitch, seed stitch, stem stitch and the twisted chain stitch
In addition, darning and mending of worn textiles were sometimes carried out using coral stitches and overcast stitches, as well as couching, but these should be regarded as functional, rather than decorative forms.
Ancient Egyptian Stitches, Stichting Textile Research Centre (TRC).
While this artifact isn't quite from the right place or old enough for our purposes, it was the best I could find that was public domain or with a Creative Commons license. For a terrific picture of a contemporaneous embroidered work, see Tutankhamun and Decorative Needlework.
Detail of the embroidered dress of an Apkallu. From Nimrud, Iraq. 883-859 BCE. Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul. A zoomed-in image of the embroidered dress of a standing male Apkallu, depicting a pair of 4-legged winged animals in addition to the motif of the sacred tree (palm tree). From the North-West Palace at Nimrud (ancient Kalhu), Northern Mesopotamia, Iraq. Neo-Assyrian Period, reign of Ashurnasirpal II, 883-859 BCE. Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul.
An expert on needlework, Catherine Leslie [author of Needlework Through History: An Encyclopedia (Handicrafts Through World History Series), 2007] reveals that needles with eyes and beads made from stone were used by prehistoric people in 38,000 B.C.E. That was 30,000 years ago, before the existence of written language and therefore there is no written record of this. It is, however, thought that the earliest artworks were likely part of religious rituals.
The oldest surviving pieces of embroidered material date from approximately 2,000 B.C.E. and were found in Egyptian tombs. These artefacts include hem panels found on the tunic of the famous Egyptian pharaoh, Tutankhamun.
Functional Woven Items
Woven from various fibers, including jute.
Mat. Date: ca 1550–1295B. C, New Kingdom, Dynasty 18. From Upper Egypt, Thebes, Egypt, fiber. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Look and Learn. Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)
These look like they came off a modern dock. Made from palm fibers or reed.
Rope. Date: ca 1550–1295B. C, New Kingdom, Dynasty 18. From Upper Egypt, Thebes, Egypt, palm fiber? The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Look and Learn. Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)
Rope Jar Sling. Date: ca 2030–1640B. C, Middle Kingdom, Dynasty 12. From Upper Egypt, Thebes, Egypt. Reed rope. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Look and Learn. Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)
Facsimile: Scene of Fish Preparation and Net Making. Date: 1926 AD; original ca 1479–1458B. C, Twentieth Century; original New Kingdom, Original New Kingdom, Dynasty 18, Joint reign of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. Original from Upper Egypt, Thebes, Egypt.
Creator Norman de Garis Davies nina or artist (1865–1941). Tempera on paper. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Look and Learn. Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)
Tutankhamun and Decorative Needlework (Egypt), Stichting Textile Research Centre (TRC).
Embroidery: History and How It's Made, F&P Interiors.
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