Journal of Biomedical Science and Engine... > Vol.6 No.12, December 2013
Application of Van der Pol oscillator screening for peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes mellitus ()
Jianxing Wu, Chianming Li, Weiling Chen, Chiahung Lin, Tainsong Chen
Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan 2Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine of Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Kao-Yuan University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2013.612143 PDF HTML 3,074 Downloads 4,938 Views Citations
This paper proposes a Van der Pol (VDP) oscillator screening for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients with diabetes mellitus. The long-term elevated blood sugar levels produce a high risk of peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease, especially in the foot of a diabetic. Early detection is important, in order to prevent foot problems for diabetic patients with PAD. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive method for the detection of blood volume changes in peripheral arteries. Because of changes in the resistance-compliance, the rise time and transit time for the PPG signals increase and change in their shape are highly correlated with PAD severity. In this study, the Burg autoregressive (AR) method is used to determine the characteristic frequencies of the right-and left-side PPG signals. For bilateral frequency spectra, the VDP oscillator uses asynchronous signals. This produces damped sinusoidal responses and the oscillation overshoot (OS) is an approximating function only of the damped factor. This index is used to estimate the degree of PAD, including normal the condition and diabetic patients with PAD. The results show that the proposed method is efficient and more accurate in the estimation of PAD.
Van der Pol (VDP) Oscillator; Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD); Burg Autoregressive Method; Oscillation Overshoot
Wu, J. , Li, C. , Chen, W. , Lin, C. and Chen, T. (2013) Application of Van der Pol oscillator screening for peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 6, 1143-1154. doi: 10.4236/jbise.2013.612143.
[1] I. S. Muller, M. L. Bartelink, W. J. C. Grauw, H. J. M. Hooden, W. H. E. M. Gerwen and G. E. H. M. Rutten, "Foot Ulceration and Low Limb Amputation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Dutch Primary Health Care," Diabetes Care, Vol. 25, No. 3, 2002, pp. 570-574.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.3.570
[2] J.-Y. David, S. A. Jones and D. P. Giddens, "Modern Spectral Analysis Techniques for Blood Flow Velocity and Spectral Measurements with Pulsed Doppler Ultrasound," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 38, No. 6, 1991, pp.589-596.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.81584
[3] C. Loewe, M. Schoder, T. Rand, U. Hoffmann, J. Sailer, T. Kos, J. Lammer and S. Thurnher, "Peripheral Vascular Occlusive Disease: Evaluation with Contrast-Enhanced Moving-Bed MR Angiography versus Digital Subtraction Angiography in 106 Patients," American Journal of Roentgenology, Vol. 179, No. 4, 2002, pp. 1013-1021.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.179.4.1791013
[4] O. Pablo Vasquez, M. Marco Munguia and B. Mandersson, "Arteriovenous Fistula Stenosis Detection Using Wavelets and Support Vector Machines," 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, Mineapolis, 2-6 September 2009, pp. 1298-1301.
[5] M. Nitzan, A. Babchenko and B. Khonokh, "Very Low Frequency Variability in Arterial Blood Pressure and Blood Volume Pulse," Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, Vol. 37, No. 1, 1999, pp. 54-58.
[6] E. D. übeyli, D. Cvetkovic and I. Cosic, "AR Spectral Analysis Technique for Human PPG, ECG and EEG Signals," Journal of Medical Systems, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2008, pp. 201-206.
[7] Y. M. Akay, M. Akay, W. Welkowitz, S. Lewkowicz and J. L. Semmlow, "Non Invasive Acoustical Detection of Coronary Artery Disease: A Comparative Study of Signal Processing Methods," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 40, No. 6, 1993, pp. 571-578.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.237677
[8] J. Allen, "Photoplethysmography and Its Application in Clinical Physiological Measurement," Physiological Measurement, Vol. 28, No. 3, 2007, pp. R1-R39.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/28/3/R01
[9] J. Allen and A. Murray, "Age-Related Changes in the Characteristics of the Photoplethysmographic Pulse Shape at Various Body Sites," Physiological Measurement, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2003, pp. 297-307.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/24/2/306
[10] R. Erts, J. Spigulis, I. Kukulis and M. Ozols, "Bilateral Photoplethysmography Studies of the Leg Arterial Stenosis," Physiological Measurement, Vol. 26, No. 5, 2005, pp. 865-874.
[11] J. Allen and A. Murray, "Variability of Photoplethysmography Peripheral Pulse Measurements at the Ears, Thumbs, and Toes," IEE Proceedings on Science, Measurement and Technology, Vol. 147, No. 6, 2000, pp. 403-407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20000846
[12] P. A. Bonham, T. Kelechi, M. Mueller and J. Robison, "Are Toe Pressures Measured by a Portable Photo-Phlethysmograph Equivalent to Standard Laboratory Tests," Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society, Vol. 37, No. 5, 2010, pp. 475-486.
[13] J. Allen, K. Overbeck, A. F. Nath, A. Murray and G. Stansby, "A Prospective Comparison of Bilateral Photoplethysmography versus the Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index for Detecting and Quantifying Lower Limb Peripheral Arterial Disease," Journal of Vascular Surgery, Vol. 47, No. 4, 2008, pp. 794-802.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2007.11.057
[14] C.-H. Lin, "Assessment of Bilateral Photoplethysmography for Lower Limb Peripheral Vascular Occlusive Disease Using Color Relation Analysis Classifier," Computer Method and Program in Biomedicine, Vol. 103, No. 3, 2011, pp. 121-131.
[15] J. Allen, C. P. oates, T. A. Lees and A. Murray, "Photoplethysmography Detection of Lower Limb Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease: A Comparison of Pulse Timing, Amplitude and Shape Characteristics," Physiological Measurement, Vol. 26, No. 5, 2005, pp. 811-821.
[16] M. Fallahpour, D. Megias and M. Ghanbari, "Reversible and Highcapacity Data Hiding in Medical Images," IET Image Processing, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2011, pp. 190-197.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2009.0226
[17] D. M. Vázquez, J. J. Rubio and J. Pacheco, "A Characterization Framework for Epileptic Signals," IET Image Processing, Vol. 6, No. 9, 2012, pp. 1227-1235.
[18] H. Heidrich, R. Wenk and P. Hesse, "Frequency of Asymptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients Entering the Department of General and Internal Medicine of a General Care Hospital," Vasa, Vol. 33, No. 2, 2004, pp. 63-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.33.2.63
[19] I. Kauppinen, J. Kauppinen and P. Saarinen, "A Method for Long Extrapolation of Audio Signals," Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol. 49, No. 12, 2001, pp. 1167-1180.
[20] A. Broadman, F. S. Schlindwein, A. P. Rocha and A. Leite, "A Study on the Optimum Order of Autoregressive Models for Heart Rate Variability," Physiological Measurement, Vol. 23, 2002, pp. 324-336.
[21] K. Roth, I. Kauppinen, P. A. A. Esquef and V. Valimaki, "Frequency Warped Burg's Method for AR-Modeling," IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, 19-22 October 2003, pp. 5-8.
[22] C. Collomb, "Linear Prediction and Levinson-Durbin Algorithm," 2009.
http://www.emptyloop.com/technotes/A%20tutorial%20on%20linear%20prediction%20and%20Levinson-Durbin.pdf
[23] N. Kannathal, U. Rajendra Acharya, P. Joseph and E. Y. K. Ng, "Analysis of EEG Signals with and without Reflexology Using FFT and Auto Regressive Modeling Techniques," Chinese Journal of Medicine, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2006, pp. 12-20.
[24] M. Akay, J. L. Semmlow, W. Welkowitz, M. D. Bauer and J. B. Kostis, "Detection of Coronary Occlusions Using Autoregressive Modeling of Diastolic Heart Sounds," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 37, No. 4, 1990, pp. 366-373.
[25] S. B. Waluya and W. T. van Horssen, "On the Periodic Solutions of a Generalized Nonlinear Van der Pol Oscillator," Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 268, No. 1, 2003, pp. 209-215.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00251-7
[26] Q. S. Bi, "Dynamical Analysis of Two Coupled Parametrically Excited Van der Pol Oscillators," International Journal of Nonlinear Mechanics, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2004, pp. 33-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7462(02)00126-9
[27] G. M. Mahmoud and A. A. M. Farghaly, "Chaos Control of Chaotic Limit Cycles of Real and Complex Van der Pol Oscillators," Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2004, pp. 915-924.
[28] Y. Abbas, J. Ann and A. Merna, "A Multistage Adomian Decomposition Method for Solving the Autonomous Van Der Pol System," Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2009, pp. 4397-4407.
[29] N. S. Nise, "Control Systems Engineering," 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, INC., 2004.
[30] Y. C. Du and C. H. Lin, "Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System for Assessment of Lower Limb Peripheral Vascular Occlusive Disease," Journal of Medical System, Vol. 36, No. 1, 2012, pp. 301-310.
[31] C. H. Lin, Y. F. Chen, Y. C. Du, J. X. Wu and T. S. Chen, "Chaos Synchronization Detector Combining Radial Basis Network for Estimation of Lower Limb Peripheral Vascular Occlusive Disease," Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 6165, 2010, pp. 126-136.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13923-9_13
[32] P. A. Bonham, T. Kelechi, M. Mueller and J. Robison, "Are Toe Pressures Measured by a Portable Photophlethysmograph Equivalent to Standard Laboratory Tests?" Journal of Wound Ostomy & Continence Nursing, Vol. 37, No. 5, 2010, pp. 475-486.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WON.0b013e3181eda0c5
[33] P. Angelov, E. Lughofer and X. Zou, "Evolving Fuzzy Classifiers Using Different Model Architectures," Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 159, No. 23, 2008, pp. 3160-3182.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2008.06.019
[34] J. J. Rubio, "SOFMLS: Online Self-Organizing Fuzzy Modified Least Squares Network," IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 17, No. 6, 2009, pp. 1296-1309.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TFUZZ.2009.2029569
[35] C.-H. Lin and G.-W. Lin, "FPGA Implementation of Fractal Patterns Classifier for Multiple Cardiac Arrhythmias Detection," Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3, 2012, pp. 120-132.