NCBI MeSH
Disease relevance of Transducers
Psychiatry related information on Transducers
High impact information on Transducers
Chemical compound and disease context of Transducers
Biological context of Transducers
Anatomical context of Transducers
Associations of Transducers with chemical compounds
Gene context of Transducers
Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Transducers
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MeSH Review:
Boyd, A. et al., Ryu, J.S. et al., Marrero, M.B. et al., Wilson, W.A. et al., Chen, C.R. et al., et al.
Liu, Ohnishi, Ni, Akira, Bacon, Ernst, Inglese, Waring, Campbell, Bao, Clay, Alexander, Wicks, Tarlinton, Novak, Heath, Dunn, Reth, Wienands, Frank, Mahajan, Ritz, Alexander, Hilton,
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The tar and tsr genes of E. coli encode functionally analogous transducer proteins that mediate two distinct classes of chemotactic response [1].
These lesions share histological features of gastric polyps in aging mice with monoallelic null mutations in Smad4, which encodes the common transducer for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling [2].
Mutations in the SMAD4/DPC4 tumor suppressor gene, a key signal transducer in most TGFbeta-related pathways, are involved in 50% of pancreatic cancers [3].
Pivotal role of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)4 and Stat6 in the innate immune response during sepsis [4].
Defective gp130-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling results in degenerative joint disease, gastrointestinal ulceration, and failure of uterine implantation [5].
Lithium: a molecular transducer of mood-stabilization in the treatment of bipolar disorder [6].
The use of thick-film electrodes as basic transducers for highly sensitive amperometric biosensors using PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone) dependent glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) with short response times is described [7].
The effect of intravenous infusion of synthetic motilin on gastric motor activity was investigated by means of chronically implanted force transducers in 4 conscious dogs [8].
The SOCS proteins also appear to target signal transducers for proteasomal destruction [9].
The pathway uses a novel mechanism in which cytosolic latent transcription factors, known as signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), are tyrosine phosphorylated by Janus family tyrosine kinases (Jaks), allowing STAT protein dimerization and nuclear translocation [10].
Using a functional definition of signaling elements, we discuss the current knowledge of signaling events from the BCR and suggest the existence of an as-yet-unknown BCR transducer complex [11].
Characterization of the ability of IFN-alpha to rapidly induce new genes has led to the identification of a new signaling paradigm, the JAK-STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) pathway [12].
Depending on the specific serine residues dephosphorylated by PAPP5, phytochrome stability and affinity for a downstream signal transducer, NDPK2, were enhanced [13].
In Escherichia coli this class of proteins is exemplified by the sensory transducers (also called signalling proteins or methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins) which have a central role in mediating chemotactic behaviour [14].
B lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia contain signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 constitutively phosphorylated on serine residues [15].
Aerotactic responses in Escherichia coli are mediated by the membrane transducer Aer, a recently identified member of the superfamily of PAS domain proteins, which includes sensors of light, oxygen, and redox state [16].
Domain organization and flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding determinants in the aerotaxis signal transducer Aer of Escherichia coli [16].
In Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV)-transformed cells, members of the Janus kinase (Jak) family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases and the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family of signaling proteins are constitutively activated [17].
Thus, phytochrome photoreceptors have developed an elaborate biochemical tuning mechanism for modulating the flux of light signal, employing variable phosphorylation states controlled by phosphorylation and PAPP5-mediated dephosphorylation as a mean to control phytochrome stability and affinity for downstream transducers [13].
Recruitment of the signal transducer FADD to the TNFR1 complex mediates apoptosis but not NF-kappaB or JNK activation [18].
c-Abl, a conserved nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, integrates genotoxic stress responses, acting as a transducer of both pro- and antiapoptotic effector pathways [19].
Detection of these changes in occupancy is made possible as the transducers are methylated at multiple glutamate residues such that their level of methylation reflects the most recent chemoeffector concentration [14].
Mammalian phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C enzymes (PI-PLC) act as signal transducers that generate two second messengers, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol [20].
Calmodulin is implicated as the primary transducer of the calcium signal in pancreatic beta cells, where it is present at very high concentrations [21].
In patients with CD, mucosal T cells showed strong evidence for IL-6 trans signaling, with activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, bcl-2 and bcl-xl [22].
The recent identification of the SMAD family of signal transducer proteins has unravelled the mechanisms by which transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus [23].
To investigate the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-regulated biological responses, we generated transgenic mice with a targeted mutation of their G-CSF receptor (termed d715F) that abolishes G-CSF-dependent STAT-3 activation and attenuates STAT-5 activation [24].
Up-regulation of T-bet by CpG is abrogated in mice deficient in Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and MyD88, but remains intact in B cells deficient in STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) [25].
A recently characterized enzyme, PAS kinase, may be a new member of this group of nutritional transducers [26].
We identified the glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like enzyme Gpx3 as a second component of the pathway, serving the role of sensor and transducer of the hydroperoxide signal to Yap1 [27].
Each transducer detects changes in the environmental concentration of one or a very few attractants: Tsr, serine; Tar, aspartate and maltose; Tap, unknown; and Trg, ribose and galactose [14].
The Jak family substrates STAT1 and STAT2 (for signal transducers and activators of transcription) are rapidly tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to angiotensin II [28].
Heterotrimeric guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are signal transducers that relay messages from many receptors on the cell surface to modulate various cellular processes [29].
TRADD is a TNFR1-associated signal transducer that is involved in activating both pathways [30].
TRAF6 is a signal transducer in the NF-kappaB pathway that activates IkappaB kinase (IKK) in response to proinflammatory cytokines [31].
Two other signal transducers, RIP and TRAF2, mediate both JNK and NF-kappaB activation [18].
Two of these signal transducers, TRAF1 and TRAF2, were isolated and characterized previously [32].
Previously known as the ultimate recipients of cdk regulatory signals, E2F4/5 and p107 act here as transducers of TGFbeta receptor signals upstream of cdk [33].
Molecular cloning and expression of an IL-6 signal transducer, gp130 [34].
Nuclear factor kappa-B, nuclear factor interleukin 6, and signal transducer and activator of transcription were quantified by using electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase 2 were measured with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction [35].
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces DNA binding of STAT5, a member of the family of cytokine-regulated transcription factors termed 'signal transducers and activators of transcription'. IL-2-stimulated STAT5-DNA complexes include two tyrosine phosphoproteins which exhibit distinct mobilities in SDS-PAGE gels [36].
Jasmonic acid is a signal transducer in elicitor-induced plant cell cultures [37].
Under these conditions CD19, CD21, and B-cell gp95 ligation also did not lead to normal Ca2+ mobilization, indicating that these transducers are also desensitized [38].
Sensory transducers of E. coli are composed of discrete structural and functional domains. Krikos, A., Mutoh, N., Boyd, A., Simon, M.I. Cell (1983) [Pubmed]
Hyperactivation of Stat3 in gp130 mutant mice promotes gastric hyperproliferation and desensitizes TGF-beta signaling. Jenkins, B.J., Grail, D., Nheu, T., Najdovska, M., Wang, B., Waring, P., Inglese, M., McLoughlin, R.M., Jones, S.A., Topley, N., Baumann, H., Judd, L.M., Giraud, A.S., Boussioutas, A., Zhu, H.J., Ernst, M. Nat. Med. (2005) [Pubmed]
The tumor suppressor gene Smad4/Dpc4 is required for gastrulation and later for anterior development of the mouse embryo. Sirard, C., de la Pompa, J.L., Elia, A., Itie, A., Mirtsos, C., Cheung, A., Hahn, S., Wakeham, A., Schwartz, L., Kern, S.E., Rossant, J., Mak, T.W. Genes Dev. (1998) [Pubmed]
Pivotal role of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)4 and Stat6 in the innate immune response during sepsis. Matsukawa, A., Kaplan, M.H., Hogaboam, C.M., Lukacs, N.W., Kunkel, S.L. J. Exp. Med. (2001) [Pubmed]
Defective gp130-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling results in degenerative joint disease, gastrointestinal ulceration, and failure of uterine implantation. Ernst, M., Inglese, M., Waring, P., Campbell, I.K., Bao, S., Clay, F.J., Alexander, W.S., Wicks, I.P., Tarlinton, D.M., Novak, U., Heath, J.K., Dunn, A.R. J. Exp. Med. (2001) [Pubmed]
Lithium: a molecular transducer of mood-stabilization in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Manji, H.K., Lenox, R.H. Neuropsychopharmacology (1998) [Pubmed]
Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase modified thick-film electrodes for the amperometric detection of phenolic compounds in flow injection analysis. Rose, A., Scheller, F.W., Wollenberger, U., Pfeiffer, D. Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry. (2001) [Pubmed]
Effect of synthetic motilin on gastric motor activity in conscious dogs. Ito, Z., Takeuchi, S., Aizawa, I., Takayanagi, R. The American journal of digestive diseases. (1977) [Pubmed]
The role of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins in regulation of the immune response. Alexander, W.S., Hilton, D.J. Annu. Rev. Immunol. (2004) [Pubmed]
Jaks and STATs: biological implications. Leonard, W.J., O'Shea, J.J. Annu. Rev. Immunol. (1998) [Pubmed]
Initiation and processing of signals from the B cell antigen receptor. Reth, M., Wienands, J. Annu. Rev. Immunol. (1997) [Pubmed]
Transcriptional responses to polypeptide ligands: the JAK-STAT pathway. Schindler, C., Darnell, J.E. Annu. Rev. Biochem. (1995) [Pubmed]
Phytochrome-specific type 5 phosphatase controls light signal flux by enhancing phytochrome stability and affinity for a signal transducer. Ryu, J.S., Kim, J.I., Kunkel, T., Kim, B.C., Cho, D.S., Hong, S.H., Kim, S.H., Fernández, A.P., Kim, Y., Alonso, J.M., Ecker, J.R., Nagy, F., Lim, P.O., Song, P.S., Schäfer, E., Nam, H.G. Cell (2005) [Pubmed]
Structure of the serine chemoreceptor in Escherichia coli. Boyd, A., Kendall, K., Simon, M.I. Nature (1983) [Pubmed]
B lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia contain signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 constitutively phosphorylated on serine residues. Frank, D.A., Mahajan, S., Ritz, J. J. Clin. Invest. (1997) [Pubmed]
Domain organization and flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding determinants in the aerotaxis signal transducer Aer of Escherichia coli. Bibikov, S.I., Barnes, L.A., Gitin, Y., Parkinson, J.S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2000) [Pubmed]
Direct interaction of Jak1 and v-Abl is required for v-Abl-induced activation of STATs and proliferation. Danial, N.N., Losman, J.A., Lu, T., Yip, N., Krishnan, K., Krolewski, J., Goff, S.P., Wang, J.Y., Rothman, P.B. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1998) [Pubmed]
Dissection of TNF receptor 1 effector functions: JNK activation is not linked to apoptosis while NF-kappaB activation prevents cell death. Liu, Z.G., Hsu, H., Goeddel, D.V., Karin, M. Cell (1996) [Pubmed]
Caenorhabditis elegans ABL-1 antagonizes p53-mediated germline apoptosis after ionizing irradiation. Deng, X., Hofmann, E.R., Villanueva, A., Hobert, O., Capodieci, P., Veach, D.R., Yin, X., Campodonico, L., Glekas, A., Cordon-Cardo, C., Clarkson, B., Bornmann, W.G., Fuks, Z., Hengartner, M.O., Kolesnick, R. Nat. Genet. (2004) [Pubmed]
Crystal structure of a mammalian phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C delta. Essen, L.O., Perisic, O., Cheung, R., Katan, M., Williams, R.L. Nature (1996) [Pubmed]
Calmodulin-induced early-onset diabetes in transgenic mice. Epstein, P.N., Overbeek, P.A., Means, A.R. Cell (1989) [Pubmed]
Blockade of interleukin 6 trans signaling suppresses T-cell resistance against apoptosis in chronic intestinal inflammation: evidence in crohn disease and experimental colitis in vivo. Atreya, R., Mudter, J., Finotto, S., Müllberg, J., Jostock, T., Wirtz, S., Schütz, M., Bartsch, B., Holtmann, M., Becker, C., Strand, D., Czaja, J., Schlaak, J.F., Lehr, H.A., Autschbach, F., Schürmann, G., Nishimoto, N., Yoshizaki, K., Ito, H., Kishimoto, T., Galle, P.R., Rose-John, S., Neurath, M.F. Nat. Med. (2000) [Pubmed]
TGF-beta signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins. Heldin, C.H., Miyazono, K., ten Dijke, P. Nature (1997) [Pubmed]
STAT-3 activation is required for normal G-CSF-dependent proliferation and granulocytic differentiation. McLemore, M.L., Grewal, S., Liu, F., Archambault, A., Poursine-Laurent, J., Haug, J., Link, D.C. Immunity (2001) [Pubmed]
CpG directly induces T-bet expression and inhibits IgG1 and IgE switching in B cells. Liu, N., Ohnishi, N., Ni, L., Akira, S., Bacon, K.B. Nat. Immunol. (2003) [Pubmed]
Nutrient-regulated protein kinases in budding yeast. Wilson, W.A., Roach, P.J. Cell (2002) [Pubmed]
A thiol peroxidase is an H2O2 receptor and redox-transducer in gene activation. Delaunay, A., Pflieger, D., Barrault, M.B., Vinh, J., Toledano, M.B. Cell (2002) [Pubmed]
Direct stimulation of Jak/STAT pathway by the angiotensin II AT1 receptor. Marrero, M.B., Schieffer, B., Paxton, W.G., Heerdt, L., Berk, B.C., Delafontaine, P., Bernstein, K.E. Nature (1995) [Pubmed]
The G protein G alpha12 stimulates Bruton's tyrosine kinase and a rasGAP through a conserved PH/BM domain. Jiang, Y., Ma, W., Wan, Y., Kozasa, T., Hattori, S., Huang, X.Y. Nature (1998) [Pubmed]
TRADD-TRAF2 and TRADD-FADD interactions define two distinct TNF receptor 1 signal transduction pathways. Hsu, H., Shu, H.B., Pan, M.G., Goeddel, D.V. Cell (1996) [Pubmed]
Activation of the IkappaB kinase complex by TRAF6 requires a dimeric ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex and a unique polyubiquitin chain. Deng, L., Wang, C., Spencer, E., Yang, L., Braun, A., You, J., Slaughter, C., Pickart, C., Chen, Z.J. Cell (2000) [Pubmed]
The TNFR2-TRAF signaling complex contains two novel proteins related to baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Rothe, M., Pan, M.G., Henzel, W.J., Ayres, T.M., Goeddel, D.V. Cell (1995) [Pubmed]
E2F4/5 and p107 as Smad cofactors linking the TGFbeta receptor to c-myc repression. Chen, C.R., Kang, Y., Siegel, P.M., Massagué, J. Cell (2002) [Pubmed]
Molecular cloning and expression of an IL-6 signal transducer, gp130. Hibi, M., Murakami, M., Saito, M., Hirano, T., Taga, T., Kishimoto, T. Cell (1990) [Pubmed]
Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning and cross-tolerance: the induction of protective mechanisms for rat intestinal ileus. Schwarz, N.T., Engel, B., Eskandari, M.K., Kalff, J.C., Grandis, J.R., Bauer, A.J. Gastroenterology (2002) [Pubmed]
Interleukin-2 activation of STAT5 requires the convergent action of tyrosine kinases and a serine/threonine kinase pathway distinct from the Raf1/ERK2 MAP kinase pathway. Beadling, C., Ng, J., Babbage, J.W., Cantrell, D.A. EMBO J. (1996) [Pubmed]
Jasmonic acid is a signal transducer in elicitor-induced plant cell cultures. Gundlach, H., Müller, M.J., Kutchan, T.M., Zenk, M.H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1992) [Pubmed]
Ligation of membrane immunoglobulin leads to inactivation of the signal-transducing ability of membrane immunoglobulin, CD19, CD21, and B-cell gp95. Rijkers, G.T., Griffioen, A.W., Zegers, B.J., Cambier, J.C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1990) [Pubmed]
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