Уточнение праселькупской реконструкции гласных первого слога. Часть II. Анализ архивных аудиоматериалов по тогурскому говору среднеобского диалекта селькупского языка
Author(s): Juliya Victorovna Normanskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 01 (24)/2017
In the article we discuss some evidence for the existence of long vowels in Proto-Selkup. These vowels are preserved in the Selkup dialects. We have analyzed the audio recordings of the Togur dialect of the middle Ob subdialect of the Selkup language, which were collected in phonetic laboratory in Novosibirsk in 1973 from Fiona Tobolzhina (born in 1911), using Praat phonetic software. The resulting glossary is currently available online at http://lingvodoc.ispras.ru. We have found that minimal pairs for long and short vowels exist in this dialect. While analyzing the Togur dialect wordlist and comparing it to E. Helimski's Middle Taz dictionary we have found out that the length of vowels in these dialects coincide, regardless of their speakers living geographically far from each other, indicating its Proto-Selkup character, which is very accurately presented in the dictionary of J. Alatalo. Further analysis of Proto-Selkup vowel length and comparing it with the Nenets data showed that it has the Proto-Samoyedic character and was relevant for the development of vowels from Proto-Uralic to Proto-Samoyedic.
Учебни речници за обучението по английски език през Възраждането
Author(s): Milena Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2022
The article presents an analytical review of the available bilingual dictionaries (Bulgarian-English and English-Bulgarian) that were used during the Bulgarian Revival for English language teaching. A quantitative analysis of the dictionaries is made, with special attention paid to the selection of the vocabulary included in them. The specific features of the appendices placed at the end of the dictionaries are discussed. The characteristics of the dictionaries are examined from a linguistic and philological perspective.
Учебник сербохорватского языка
Author(s): Branko Tošović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/1988
Review of: Зенчук В. Н., Йоканович-Михайлова Е., Киршова М., Маркович М., "Учебник сербохорватского языка", Издательство Московского универзитета, Москва, 1986, 414 pp.; by: Branko Tošović
Феномен бала в зеркале обучения русскому языку и русской культуре
Author(s): Nadya Cherneva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2018
The article aims to analyze the functional load of Russian ball dance that represents fragments of XIII – XIX century sociocultural history and life in their correlation with modern reception and practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The author's vision of the place and significant role of the ball dance in Russian culture, especially literature and art, is revealed. The focus is put on the phenomenon of ball dance etiquette and ceremony, suggesting a great variety of topics and different methods of exploring this outstanding cultural emblem, described from the point of view of synergy, imagology and innovative technologies, used in the process of teaching foreign languages.
Финно-угорские языки: Фрагменты грамматического описания. Формальный и функциональный подходы.
Author(s): Ivan Stenin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 03 (14)/2014
The author considers articles from the book "The Finno-Ugric languages: Fragments of the grammatical description. Formal and functional methods" (Moscow, 2012). The author pays attention to the main advantages and disadvantages of the articles.
Фонетика чулымско-тюркского языка по записям 70-х годов ХХ века
Author(s): Nikolay S. Urtegeshev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 01 (20)/2016
The article describes results of the newly conducted processing and analisys of the archived audio recordings of the Chulym language, which were kept in the Laboratory of Experimental Phonetic Research in RAS Siberian Branch Institute of Philology. Chulym is now at the brink of extinction, and the 1970s records reflect a signficantly better level of language knowledge. The main phonetic qualities of Chulym have already been recorded, but two important ones were found. For the first time the intermittent and pharyngealized vocal settings were identified in the Chulym language. Also, the author finds different types of pharyngealization, such as the type of tone and the duration.
ФОНЕТИКА, ФОНОЛОГИЈА И ПРОЗОДИЈА СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА – АКТУЕЛНО СТАЊЕ И РАЗВОЈНЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ
Author(s): Jelica D. Jokanović-Mihajlov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2017
The three standard aspects of research into the phonetic matter – articulatory, acoustic, and phonological – gained unequal interest among the researchers of the Serbian language. The paper surveys the thoroughness of examination of these questions and points out the remaining lacunae which are to be filled by future work. The state of the contemporary phonetic and prosodic scientific literature is being analysed, as well as the contemporary place of these disciplines within Serbian science, the state of the didactic literature and the state of the practice of teaching phonetic disciplines in universities. Attention has also been paid to the ongoing issues of adherence to the speech norm and its study.
Фонетиката в ареалната лингвистика
Author(s): Irena Sawicka / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2010
In the paper the general principles of the description of the Balkan phonetics are formulated and a general look on the Balkan phonetics is shortly presented. The distinguished phonetic areas do not fully overlap with the scope of the Balkan Sprachbund defined on the basis of morphosyntax. However there is one mini region that could be considered the center of the Balkan phonetics. Otherwise the Balkan territory can be divided at least into three various phonetic areas.
ФОНЕТИКО-ГРАМАТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ГОВІРКИ СЕЛА ЮЖИНЕЦЬ КІЦМАНСЬКОГО РАЙОНУ ЧЕРНІВЕЦЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ
Author(s): Natalia Rusnak,Yulia Rusnak / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2019
Relevance of scientific research. Linguists have a strong interest in dialectologscal problems, especially in the study of communicative speech, creating dictionaries, monographic descriptions of separate dialects. Dialect is a unit of the national language that preserves the purity of folk sources, the depth of folk wisdom, inexhaustible experience and optimism of generations. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the phonetic and grammatical features of the Yuzhynets dialect of the Kitsman district of the Chernivtsi region, which, according to K.F. German's classification, belongs to the Bukovinian-Nadprutski dialects. The novelty of scientific research is that for the first time information about the interrelated levels of the language system of a specific Bukovynian-nadprutskyi dialect is brought to the scientific system. The language system is a hierarchical construction in which each level (phonetic, lexical, morphemic and grammatical) has its own self-sufficient significance.
Фонетическая и грамматическая информация в немецко-русских словарях XVIII века
Author(s): Laysan Islamovna Akhmetsagirova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2018
Within the Russian lexicography, one of the important, but still unsolved tasks is the creation of a scientific history of German-Russian lexicography. There are not so many special works devoted to the analysis of the results of its activities in the historical perspective. Still unexplored remains the problem of the phonetic and grammatical information in the dictionaries of the 18th century. This paper presents a comparative analysis of nine general bilingual and multilingual dictionaries published in Russia in this period of time as separate books, which included a German language as a target one. The aim of this work is to study the facts of presentation and elaboration of the phonetic and grammatical information, dynamics of the introduction, ways of presentation, forms and content of this information given in relation to German and Russian words. We have revealed that the dynamics of the presentation and the scope of elaboration of the phonetic and grammatical information in the dictionaries are different. The results of the analysis of the phonetic and grammatical information allows us to give a more complete and detailed assessment of the development and achievements of the German-Russian lexicography in the 18th century.
Фонетические корреляции русского и словацкого языков: вокализм
Author(s): Tamara Ibragimovna Magomedova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2020
The correlation analysis of vocal systems of the Russian and Slovak languages, in which phonological spaces are determined by the number and set of phoneme-forming differential characteristics of vowels, was performed. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the conscious assimilation of the Russian and Slovak languages is favorable at all levels of the language systems because of their kinship and proximity. However, even in this case, there are difficulties leading to active interference, especially at the phonetic level. For the first time, a correlation description of the phonemes composition of the Russian and Slovak vowels was carried out. It is correlative linguistics that has some advantages in terms of solving the practical problems of comparative linguistics. The study was performed in order to update the phonetic similarities in a closely related language environment, where the fact of kinship of languages often leads to the fact that the learner pays attention only to similarities, thereby ignoring differences in the similarities themselves. The terms of correlative linguistics were used: antecedent, correlate, and correspondence. As a result of the study, the following findings were made: five relatively complete correspondences with common phoneme-forming signs, five partial matches stating the absence of certain properties characteristic of the phoneme of the correlate, six zero matches indicating the presence of an antecedent sign, which is not typical for the phonetic system of the correlate and vice versa. It was revealed that the index of the degree of vocalism conformity in the Russian and Slovak languages is 0.25.
ФОНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ «ЖИТИЯ СВ. ФЕОДОРА» (1913) НА УДМУРТСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Author(s): Maria P. Bezenova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (41)/2021
The article describes the vowel and consonant features of the translation of the "Life of St. Theodoreˮ (1913) into the Elabuga dialect of the Udmurt language. The phonetic isoglosses of the written record could not be considered without taking into account its script and spelling system; therefore, the article also pays special attention to the script and orthography of the source material. The phonetic features are described by comparing the vowel and consonant system of the "Life of St. Theodoreˮ with the vowel and consonant system of the modern Udmurt literary language, adding, whenever available, correspondences from the dialect dictionary by Y. Wichmann [Wichmann 1987], the materials for which were collected at the end of the 19th century. Furthermore, corresponding modern forms from the audio dictionaries based on 2013 field data are also indicated. Such a comparison makes it possible to try to determine the archaic or innovative nature of each feature identified at the phonetic level. The analysis shows that, in general, "Life of St. Theodoreˮ (1913), in comparison with earlier translated records, has a clear script and spelling system along with certain spelling rules for various parts of speech. As for the phonetic features, almost all of them remain to various extents in the modern Central-Southern Udmurt dialect. However, based on modern dialect data, it turns out to be difficult to determine more precisely which of the Central-Southern dialects was used in this record as, unfortunately, the subdialects of this area are described rather poorly today.
Фонетические особенности ненецких заимствований в обско-угорских языках
Author(s): Anna Urmanchieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 01 (40)/2021
The article deals with the Nenets borrowings in the Ob-Ugric languages: Khanty and Mansi. The main list of these borrowings was compiled by Wolfgang Steinitz in a work published more than half a century ago. In the paper I focus on phonetic features of the borrowed words. These borrowings represent predominantly the cultural vocabulary and are geographically quite limited being presented only in the northern dialects of Mansi and Khanty. Despite of this many of these words retain very archaic features of Nenets phonetics. This allows us to consider linguistic contacts between the Ob-Ugrians and the Nenets as rather old. Consideration of the corpus of the borrowings also allows to shed some light on the relative chronology of historical sound changes in the Nenets language. In the paper all Nenets loans in Mansi and Khanty are compared with their possible sources in Tundra Nenets and in Forest Nenets. This comparison shows that in Forest Nenets a potential corresponding word is often missing or looks phonetically too different and therefore can not be regarded as the source of borrowing. Thus, the donor language was definitely the Tundra Nenets, and not the Forest Nenets language. Mansi and Khanty words borrowed from Tundra Nenets may reflect the following archaic features of Nenets historical phonetics: final vowels (before reduction into °); final consonants, changed into the glottal stop in modern Nenets; intervocalic -m-, changed into - w- in modern Nenets; final glide -w, disappeared in modern Nenets. All words borrowed in Ob-Ugric languages from Nenets can be divided in two groups with respect to these parameters: some of them definitely preserve a more archaic state of Nenets phonetics, whereas others are phonetically much closer to modern Nenets words. Another feature that allows to evaluate the relative age of borrowings is the labialization of vowels in Kazym Khanty and in Mansi: in earlier borrowings Nenets vowel a has changed in Kazym Khanty and Mansi into a labial vowel, whereas in later ones it has preserved its original quality.
Фонетические особенности памятников удмуртской письменности… религиозного характера первой половины XIX века в сопоставлении с современными диалектами
Author(s): Maria Kaysina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 01 (12)/2014
The article represents the analysis of six religious written monuments in Udmurt of the first half of the 19th century. Taking into account the data of these sources, the author attempts to describe phonetic features of the Glazov and Sarapul dialects of this period and compare them with the modern Udmurt dialects.
ФОНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОМ ОСВЕЩЕНИИ
Author(s): Lilia Mukazhanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 160/2017
This article deals with the main historical sound processes at the time of the appearance of the Slavic script (the period until the end of the 10th — beginning of the 11th centuries), which are of great importance in the formation and development of the modern system of the Russian language. In particular, the results of phonetic processes that have had a great influence on the formation of features of Slavic by origin languages - laws of open syllable, intrasyllogic sinarmonism and the process of falling reduced vowels - are considered. Among them, the consequences of these laws are described: the loss of final consonants, the emergence of sound sounds, the simplification of consonant groups, the monophthongization of diphthongs, and changes in diphthongic combinations. As a methodical help, the author offered practical exercises.
Фонетические преобразования в позициях сандхи в тувинских аналитических конструкциях
Author(s): Iraida Jacovlevna Selyutina,Tatiana Ryzhikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 03 (26)/2017
The article is devoted to the study of sound transformations occurring in the triple adverbial participle analytic constructions (AC) of the Tuvan language. The analysis of phonetic changes in the position of the sandhi — external (anlaut and auslaut) and internal (morphemic boundaries) allows to make conjectures about the processes of intra-language synthesis. The results of auditive observations revealed three classes of AC, which differ in location of the external pause between words, which plays an important role in the process of phonetic changes. The most frequent phonetic change in Tuvan AC in the positions of external and internal sandhi is the loss of the affix of the adverbial participle =(y)p reduction which occurs due to the loss of its informativity as a part of AC. In the cases where this affix is stored, it mostly performs the function of an interfix. Elimination in 1st class ACs (V1 + V2 + V3) of the pauses between words, which in other classes perform a delimitative function between the components of AC, indicates greater activity of the process of synthesis of components of triple complexes of the 1st class compared to AC-2 (V1 /=/ V2 + V3) and AC-3 (V1 + V2 /=/ V3 (+ L)) classes, where the phonetic transformation are at an initial stage. In the materials on Tuvan language presented in the article various stages of the process of morphological simplification are recorded. This process is the result of truncation of some part of a complex analytic form, which some Turkic languages have already experienced.
ФОНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ ПРОЦЕССА ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА ТУРЕЦКИМ СТУДЕНТАМ
Author(s): Zulfiya Şahin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 11/2014
The article considers the phonetic peculiarities of the formation process of the Russian language listening and pronunciation skills among Turkish students, beside this, is paying attention to the process of cross-language interference and inconsistencies of the two language phonetic systems. Highlighting inconsistencies, the author tries to point out the main causes of phonetic disorders in relation to the Russian pronouncing standards. Along with this article provides recommendations for setting sounds of the Russian language.
ФОНЕТИЧНА ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ГРАМАТИКАХ ХІХ – ПОЧ. ХХ СТ.
Author(s): Iryna Kozelko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2016
The article deals with phonetic terms detected in grammars of the 20s – 30s of the XXth century. They can determine the continuity of traditional formation of modern phonetic terms in the development of science.
ФОНЕТИЧНИ И МОРФОЛОГИЧНИ ОСОБЕНОСТИ НА ГОВОРИТЕ НА СЕЛАТА ХЕБИЛЕВО, ГЮМЮРДЖИНСКО, И ГОРНИ ЮРУЦИ, КРУМОВГРАДСКО
Author(s): Georgi Mitrinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017
The article presents the specific phonetic and morphological features of the dialect of the village of Hebilevo, Komotini district. They are compared to the peculiarities of the dialect of Gorni Yurutsi village, Krumovgrad region, which is part of the dialect of village Hebilevo. It shows the general peculiarities and differences between the two Bulgarian dialects.
Фонетска реконструкција дифтонга као лингвотекстолошки проблем (на грађи Вукове Мале простонародње славеносрпске пјеснарице)
Author(s): Radmilo N. Marojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 11/2015
This paper compares Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic's anthology entitled Mala prostonarodnja slavenosrpska pjesnarica (Collection of Serbian oral tradition) with other editions of the same author in terms of phonetic reconstruction of diphthongs and standards of their marking. The following issues are discussed: 1) diphthongs made up of identical vowels: a) within the same word; b) on the boundary of the word and the following unstressed word; c) on the boundary of the word and its preceding unstressed word; d) on the boundary of phonetic words, that is, in case of sandhi; 2) diphthongs made up of different vowels: a) within the same word; b) on the boundary of the word and the following unstressed word; c) on the boundary of the word and its preceding unstressed word; d) on the boundary of phonetic words, that is, in case of sandhi.