Perpetration and Victimization in Offline and Cyber Contexts: A Variable- and Person-Oriented Examination of Associations and Differences Regarding Domain-Specific Self-Esteem and School Adjustment
Christoph Burger, Lea Bachmann
Division Psychological Methodology
Self-esteem has been identified as a predictor of bullying perpetration and victimization, which, in turn, may lead to school adjustment problems. However, findings regarding the direction and strength of these associations have been inconclusive. This study aimed to resolve this by differentiating between offline and cyber contexts and various self-esteem domains. An online sample of 459 adolescents retrospectively completed measures of self-esteem domains and offline/cyber perpetration and victimization, and a subsample of 194 adolescents also completed measures of loneliness and school adjustment. A mediation analysis of bullying-related variables on the effect of self-esteem domains on school adjustment indicated that offline victimization was the only significant mediator. Positive indirect effects were found for social and emotional self-esteem, and negative indirect effects were found for school performance-related self-esteem. Furthermore, person-oriented analyses examined differences in bullying-related roles regarding self-esteem domains, loneliness, and school adjustment. Victim groups showed lower self-esteem in many domains, but cyber victims showed higher body-related self-esteem. Bullies showed lower school performance-related but higher social self-esteem. Both bullies and victims showed lower school adjustment and more loneliness. Implications for theory and practice are discussed, as the findings are relevant for teachers and could be used to develop and deploy more effective anti-bullying programs.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910429
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Self Esteem Medicine and Dentistry 100%
Adjustment Medicine and Dentistry 54%
Person Medicine and Dentistry 36%
Adolescent Medicine and Dentistry 36%
Academic Performance Psychology 36%
Victimization Social Sciences 36%
Loneliness Medicine and Dentistry 27%
Predictor Medicine and Dentistry 18%
Burger, C., & Bachmann, L. (2021). Perpetration and Victimization in Offline and Cyber Contexts: A Variable- and Person-Oriented Examination of Associations and Differences Regarding Domain-Specific Self-Esteem and School Adjustment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), [10429]. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910429
Burger, Christoph ; Bachmann, Lea. / Perpetration and Victimization in Offline and Cyber Contexts : A Variable- and Person-Oriented Examination of Associations and Differences Regarding Domain-Specific Self-Esteem and School Adjustment. In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 ; Vol. 18, No. 19.
@article{9cda1f5639c944a68f2fa1124473ff20,
title = "Perpetration and Victimization in Offline and Cyber Contexts: A Variable- and Person-Oriented Examination of Associations and Differences Regarding Domain-Specific Self-Esteem and School Adjustment",
abstract = "Self-esteem has been identified as a predictor of bullying perpetration and victimization, which, in turn, may lead to school adjustment problems. However, findings regarding the direction and strength of these associations have been inconclusive. This study aimed to resolve this by differentiating between offline and cyber contexts and various self-esteem domains. An online sample of 459 adolescents retrospectively completed measures of self-esteem domains and offline/cyber perpetration and victimization, and a subsample of 194 adolescents also completed measures of loneliness and school adjustment. A mediation analysis of bullying-related variables on the effect of self-esteem domains on school adjustment indicated that offline victimization was the only significant mediator. Positive indirect effects were found for social and emotional self-esteem, and negative indirect effects were found for school performance-related self-esteem. Furthermore, person-oriented analyses examined differences in bullying-related roles regarding self-esteem domains, loneliness, and school adjustment. Victim groups showed lower self-esteem in many domains, but cyber victims showed higher body-related self-esteem. Bullies showed lower school performance-related but higher social self-esteem. Both bullies and victims showed lower school adjustment and more loneliness. Implications for theory and practice are discussed, as the findings are relevant for teachers and could be used to develop and deploy more effective anti-bullying programs.",
keywords = "Adolescent, Bullying, Crime Victims, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Schools, Self Concept",
author = "Christoph Burger and Lea Bachmann",
note = "Funding Information: Open access funding provided by the University of Vienna. We would like to thank Birgit Leidenfrost, Stephanie B{\"u}hrer, Larissa Bartok, Marlene Hofer, Michelle Otzelberger, Teresa Lesny and all other contributors for their support in programming the online questionnaire and collecting the data. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
doi = "10.3390/ijerph181910429",
journal = "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health",
publisher = "Frontiers Media S.A.",
Burger, C & Bachmann, L 2021, 'Perpetration and Victimization in Offline and Cyber Contexts: A Variable- and Person-Oriented Examination of Associations and Differences Regarding Domain-Specific Self-Esteem and School Adjustment', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, no. 19, 10429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910429
Perpetration and Victimization in Offline and Cyber Contexts : A Variable- and Person-Oriented Examination of Associations and Differences Regarding Domain-Specific Self-Esteem and School Adjustment. / Burger, Christoph; Bachmann, Lea.
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 18, No. 19, 10429, 01.10.2021.
T1 - Perpetration and Victimization in Offline and Cyber Contexts
T2 - A Variable- and Person-Oriented Examination of Associations and Differences Regarding Domain-Specific Self-Esteem and School Adjustment
AU - Burger, Christoph
AU - Bachmann, Lea
N1 - Funding Information: Open access funding provided by the University of Vienna. We would like to thank Birgit Leidenfrost, Stephanie Bührer, Larissa Bartok, Marlene Hofer, Michelle Otzelberger, Teresa Lesny and all other contributors for their support in programming the online questionnaire and collecting the data. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
N2 - Self-esteem has been identified as a predictor of bullying perpetration and victimization, which, in turn, may lead to school adjustment problems. However, findings regarding the direction and strength of these associations have been inconclusive. This study aimed to resolve this by differentiating between offline and cyber contexts and various self-esteem domains. An online sample of 459 adolescents retrospectively completed measures of self-esteem domains and offline/cyber perpetration and victimization, and a subsample of 194 adolescents also completed measures of loneliness and school adjustment. A mediation analysis of bullying-related variables on the effect of self-esteem domains on school adjustment indicated that offline victimization was the only significant mediator. Positive indirect effects were found for social and emotional self-esteem, and negative indirect effects were found for school performance-related self-esteem. Furthermore, person-oriented analyses examined differences in bullying-related roles regarding self-esteem domains, loneliness, and school adjustment. Victim groups showed lower self-esteem in many domains, but cyber victims showed higher body-related self-esteem. Bullies showed lower school performance-related but higher social self-esteem. Both bullies and victims showed lower school adjustment and more loneliness. Implications for theory and practice are discussed, as the findings are relevant for teachers and could be used to develop and deploy more effective anti-bullying programs.
AB - Self-esteem has been identified as a predictor of bullying perpetration and victimization, which, in turn, may lead to school adjustment problems. However, findings regarding the direction and strength of these associations have been inconclusive. This study aimed to resolve this by differentiating between offline and cyber contexts and various self-esteem domains. An online sample of 459 adolescents retrospectively completed measures of self-esteem domains and offline/cyber perpetration and victimization, and a subsample of 194 adolescents also completed measures of loneliness and school adjustment. A mediation analysis of bullying-related variables on the effect of self-esteem domains on school adjustment indicated that offline victimization was the only significant mediator. Positive indirect effects were found for social and emotional self-esteem, and negative indirect effects were found for school performance-related self-esteem. Furthermore, person-oriented analyses examined differences in bullying-related roles regarding self-esteem domains, loneliness, and school adjustment. Victim groups showed lower self-esteem in many domains, but cyber victims showed higher body-related self-esteem. Bullies showed lower school performance-related but higher social self-esteem. Both bullies and victims showed lower school adjustment and more loneliness. Implications for theory and practice are discussed, as the findings are relevant for teachers and could be used to develop and deploy more effective anti-bullying programs.
KW - Bullying
KW - Crime Victims
KW - Retrospective Studies
KW - Schools
KW - Self Concept
U2 - 10.3390/ijerph181910429
DO - 10.3390/ijerph181910429
JO - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
M1 - 10429
Burger C, Bachmann L. Perpetration and Victimization in Offline and Cyber Contexts: A Variable- and Person-Oriented Examination of Associations and Differences Regarding Domain-Specific Self-Esteem and School Adjustment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Oct 1;18(19):10429. doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910429